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Lte A Evolution White Paper Oct2012
Lte A Evolution White Paper Oct2012
Introduction Technology enablers coming with Release 12 Small cell enhancements New Carrier Type Macro cell enhancements Machine-Type Communications Further enhancements Summary Further Reading
2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7
1. Introduction
Living up to what LTE promised, commercial LTE deployments have shown that LTE networks can deliver peak data rates of up to 100 Mbps and average data rates of tens of Mbps as well as latencies below 20 milliseconds. The next step in LTE evolution has already been made, with LTE-Advanced pushing peak data rates beyond 1 Gbps and enhancing multi-band and multi-antenna operation that is compatible with existing deployments. The continuing demand for ever more capacity is driven largely by video usage. As outlined by Nokia Siemens Networks in its Beyond 4G vision, a 1,000 fold increase in network capacity requires increases in all dimensions: As the media-intense lifestyle is set to penetrate all social environments, another issue is end users continually rising expectations of throughput and service - by 2020, a typical user will consume 1 Gbyte of data per day. Finally, operators need to secure their share of the mobile broadband market by improving their operational efficiency and network robustness, developing new business opportunities, extending their spectrum and by protecting their investment. LTE Release 12 and beyond will provide the initial enablers of meeting these challenging demands as well as a smooth way into the Beyond 4G era.
10x
Performance
10x
Spectrum
10x
1000x
capacity
Base stations
Capacity
Coverage
Coordination
Machine-Type Communications
SON, WLAN integration, Public safety
Cost
Figure 1: The Focus (a.k.a. The Four Cs), the Enablers, the Benefits
Performance benefits
Power saving during low loading Minimized reference overhead especially in HetNet Improved beamforming with 4-8 transmit antennas Flexible uplink: downlink asymmetry
Figure 2: Deployment assumptions and benefits of small cell optimization and New Carrier Type
Inter-site Carrier Aggregation i.e. carrier aggregation between sites is an attractive solution for HetNets that do not have an ideal backhaul network. It allows mobility management to be maintained on the macro layer while aggregating small cells to provide extra user plane capacity, increasing the throughput. Inter-site carrier aggregation is one of Nokia Siemens Networks innovations in the small cell area. The concept optimizes performance by combining the benefits of macro cell coverage and small cell capacity. Based on increasing the bandwidth through carrier aggregation, inter-site carrier aggregation can provide a cell edge gain of 50%, even in loaded networks.
small cell deployments through a significantly shortened latency and an extremely flexible duplex scheme. The main deployment assumptions and performance benefits of small cell optimization and NCT are shown in Figure 2. The base station power savings and inter-cell interference savings are becoming more important as the number of small base stations increases considerably.
band, and combinations of the following features: arge number of transmit and receive L antennas: more than four transmit and receive antennas ctive Antenna Systems (AAS) where A antenna and RF are built together AS with vertical sectorization and user A specific elevation beamforming/3D-MIMO dvanced uplink receivers A ooperative Multipoint Transmission and C Reception (CoMP) dvanced radio network architecture A including on-site resource pooling igh capacity backhaul H uthorized Shared Access to gain access A to more spectrum By increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas at the base stations from two to four and then to eight, a significant gain in network capacity can be achieved. This gain can be further enhanced by using advanced receiver and single-user and multiuser MIMO schemes (SU/MU MIMO) based on dedicated demodulation reference signals. Using active antennas where the RF components are integrated into the antenna and performing vertical sectorization or sector specific elevation beamforming (using two fixed beams per sector) can give significant improvements in sector capacity compared to a single beam system. Building upon vertical sectorization, Release 12 will be developing two techniques namely a) UE-specific elevation beamforming that adds UE specific vertical beamsteering to existing azimuth-only closed loop SU/MU MIMO methods and b) 3D-MIMO techniques that simultaneously exploit both the azimuth and the elevation dimensions of the multipath channel on a user-specific basis. These techniques are expected to give significant improvements in both the cell edge and sector capacity. The concept of 3D-MIMO is illustrated in Figure 3. Next in line for deployment are centralized solutions such as cluster level on-site resource pooling using high capacity and
low latency fiber backhaul (Centralized RAN), where a baseband pool serves the macro site and underlay remote radio heads. Such a radio network architecture allows for further improvements in radio performance. Last but not least, macro networks evolve by exploiting Authorized Shared Access a new and complementary way of authorizing spectrum use in addition to exclusive licensed spectrum which leads to higher spectrum availability and predictable QoS in the shared spectrum, thereby increasing the number of subscribers and the capacity of the network.
he low cost MTC device studies are T completed. Based on these, MTC device costs can be reduced in various ways. For example, 15% cost savings can be achieved through simplification to a single receive antenna, 5% by accepting reduced peak data rates and 10% by accepting reduced maximum bandwidth.
proper cell identity management and neighbor cell relations, as well as to enhance mobility robustness and load balancing in small cell coverage gaps. Additionally, intelligent solutions to easily switch small cell capacity layers to a power saving mode will be essential. Furthermore, 3GPP will look for new opportunities to enhance LTE-HSPA integration and LTE-WLAN interworking, as well as to enable device-to-device discovery and communication for commercial and public safety use.
3. Summary
LTE evolution continues strongly in Release 12 and beyond by enhancing LTE and LTE-Advanced operation. In particular, LTE Release 12 addresses coordinated small cell deployments, macro cell enhancements, Machine-Type Communications, discovery in device-to-device communication, enhanced SON, and in particular the New Carrier Type enabling energy savings, flexible deployment and improved interference management in HetNets. Release 12 features aim at boosting performance and at entering new areas and spectrum. The following two tables summarize the most promising Release 12 features:
Benefits from 3GPP Release 12 Boost performance Rel12 feature Small Cell Enhancement based on Inter-site CA Benefit ptimized small cell mobility by reducing Radio Access Network O to Core Network signaling mproved data rates by using macro and small cells together I fficient use of TDD spectrum E Minimized inter-cell interference Lowered energy consumption ignificant overhead reduction for downlink 4-8 antenna S transmission modes, hence resulting in an improved downlink spectral efficiency Significantly enhanced macro cell capacity and coverage Removing interference to increase uplink and downlink capacity nhanced coverage by exploiting coordination in case of E non-ideal backhaul Efficient operation of dense small cell deployments Energy savings in small cell capacity layers
UE-specific elevation beamforming / 3D-MIMO Advanced receivers Enhanced DL Coordinated Multi-Point (DL eCoMP) Enhanced SON
Benefits from 3GPP Release 12 Expand to new areas and new spectrum Rel12 feature LTE-WLAN Integration LTE-HSPA Integration Machine-Type Communications (MTC) Public Safety Benefit 10 Mbps minimum downlink data rate 1000x hot spot capacity in present decade Enhanced multi-technology support Get prepared for 50 Bn connected devices or 100.000 devices per cell Secure operators market share by expanding LTE footprint
Nokia Siemens Network is a leading contributor in 3GPP, driving LTE and LTE-Advanced standards. It is also shaping Beyond 4G through various activities, including participation in the EU FP7 collaborative project METIS and contribution to ITU-R IMT vision work.
4. Further Reading
TE-Advanced The advanced LTE toolbox L for more efficient delivery of better user experience, Nokia Siemens Networks White Paper aking advantage of the convergence of T Wi-Fi and 3GPP, Nokia Siemens Networks White Paper ong Term HSPA Evolution meets ITU IMTL Advanced requirements, Nokia Siemens Networks White Paper eployment Strategies for Heterogeneous D Networks, Nokia Siemens Network White Paper 020: Beyond 4G Radio Evolution for 2 the Gigabit Experience, Nokia Siemens Networks White Paper elease 12 and beyond for C4 (Cost, R Coverage, Coordination of small cells, and Capacity), Nokia Siemens Networks 3GPP presentation
Nokia Siemens Networks P.O. Box 1 FI-02022 NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS Finland Visiting address: Karaportti 3, ESPOO, Finland Switchboard +358 71 400 4000 (Finland) Switchboard +49 89 5159 01 (Germany) Copyright 2012 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
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