Annotated Bibliography

Primary Craig, Jim. "History Day Project." Message to the author. Jan. 2013. E-mail. This was by far our best source, probably because it was the most exciting to get. We had the opportunity to contact Jim Craig, a goalie on the Miracle team who saved 36 out of 39 shots. This was a great primary source, because it was a wonderful first hand account of someone who was so very involved in our story. It supported our people part of the theme as well. He provided not only a first hand account of the game and the events at hand, but he provided a wonderful perspective on how big of a deal the games actually were in the mindset and general appraise of the American people.

Nixon Orders Invasion of Cambodia. 2013. The History Channel website. Jan 2 2013, 10:13 AM This website provided an audio of Nixon announcing the invasion of Cambodia. It was helpful because it provided historical context for our project and for the mindset of the people. The Cold War and Nixon played an important role in setting up the Soviet and United States conflict before the Olympic Games in Lake Placid. This video was an excellent way to realize and present that. Ivins, Molly. "ELVIS PRESLEY DIES; ROCK SINGER WAS 42." The New York Times , ciivi ed. Online. This article was the original New York Times article describing and reporting on the death of Elvis Presley. It was a great source showing more historical context. Despite being a little bit strange that this is historical, the American people were greatly affected by his death. This article provided a wonderful outlook on his death and the affect it had the United States and even the worlds Elvis Presley fans. "Document for March 23rd:26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution." Today's Document from the National Archives. Ninety-Second Congress of the United States, Jan. 1971. Web. 23 Dec. 2012. This website was great in providing an official document of the 26th amendment allowing 18-year olds to vote. This was important because they were also allowed to be drafted to the war. It shows more events leading up to this of the olympics. It creates historical context and it gives perspective on what mothers and families were feelings with their kids off in war. They needed the encouragement of the Olympics to lift their spirits while their boys were off in

the war.

Gordonskene, "100,000 Protest Vietnam War In Washington." NBC, 1970. Online Audio Recording. This source held an original audio about the 100,000 Anti-war protesters in D.C. following the Kent State shooting. Since we covered both this and the Kent State shooting, it provided a good outlook on the response from the people in regards to this time and what was happening. The audio enhanced our website as well, and provided a new way (besides an article or text) to look at the information. Kifner, John. "4 Kent State Students Killed by Troops." The New York Times 4 May 1970. Web. 23 Dec. 2012. The Kent State shootings (or the Kent State Massacre) were published in the New York Times in 1970. During the massacre, guardsmen fired and killed four students and wounded nine others. Some of the students that were shot had been protesting against the American invasion of Cambodia, which President Richard Nixon announced in a television a couple days prior. There was a significant national response to the shootings: hundreds of universities, colleges, and high schools closed throughout the United States due to a student strike of four million students, and the event further affected the public opinionat an already socially contentious timeover the role of the United States in the Vietnam War. This was perfect to show the turmoil of the United States already 10 years before the Miracle game took place. McFadden, Robert D. "Cheers Resound Across the Nation." The New York Times 23 Feb. 1980. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. This was one of my favorite resources found. I think it embodies the American mood after the games. The article was brilliant written (by the same man who covered 9/11 in 2001) and it was written so beautifully, describing people getting out of their cars when they heard on the radio about the win against the Soviets. Its the original New York Times article with original text that we put on our website to show the authenticity of what happened during this time. "NHL." 'Do You Believe in Miracles? Yes!' NBC Sports, 22 Feb. 2005. Web. 3 Jan. 2013. This was a 25th anniversary article with quotes from many of the players. It was very well written and a great reflection on the event itself. The feelings expressed in the interview were sincere and it was clear through the article how big of a deal this event was. The article also had wonderful quotes from Herb Brooks, as said by the players themselves. The quotes were

classic and inspirational-great to enhance a couple pages of the site with-as well as the Herb Brooks page itself. "NHL." 1980 Miracle Men Chastise , Players. N.p., 22 Feb. 2005. Web. 9 Jan. 2013. The current NHL lockout, was the subject of this article. It was written 25 years after the Miracle team won the Olympics, and it included many quotes. The quotes were on the subject of how current NHL/hockey players should be happy, grateful, and humble with their opportunities.The article provides great outlook on how hockey changed after the game. It proves that this event and this Olympics did not only change the Olympics, or even the relationship between the Soviets and the United States, but it changed the course of hockey itself. Johnston, Joe. "NHL." Eruzione 'still Living' Miracle of 1980. NBC Sports, 25 Feb. 2005. Web. 11 Jan. 2013. A captain interview was a great source for us in regards to looking back on the impact of that couple weeks at the Olympics. The title alone tells how big of an impact the event had on the players, particularly the captain, Mike Eruzione. It was also a great way to look at the impact, because he described having dads and sons coming up to him and talking to him about how they watched the game together, and it was one of the great father son moments that they remembered. Kindred, David. "Born to Be Players, Born in the Moment." Washington Post 23 Feb. 1980. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. This was another original Washington Post article written after the game against the Soviets. We loved finding this source because it brought a lot of the political stuff into the article as well as the reaction by the president himself. It had great quotes from Herb Brooks and it had great description of the game because it was written so recently after it occurred. Montague, James. "Gold against the Soul: An Athlete's Story of the 1980 Moscow Boycott." CNN. Cable News Network, 07 Aug. 2012. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. This was a 1980 olympics CNN interview with one of the runners who could not run in the boycott of the olympics in Moscow. It was a great source that we used a lot of on our website. It described so well what was going on between the Soviets and the rest of the world after their invasion in Afghanistan and the killing of the Israeli men. This was a wonderful help to giving the viewers of our website historical context.

Reagan, Ronald. "Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters."Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters. Oval Office, White House, 5 Aug. 1985. Web. 11 Jan. 2013. This was a great source for our Aftermath section. It provided a great enhancer for what was happening in the United States after 1980 and during the Reagan era. Reagan gave some great quotes about the Olympics and the impact that it had, as well as on what else had been happening after the Olympics (including the 1984 olympics). Shapiro, Leanord. "U.S. Shocks Soviets in Ice Hockey, 4-3." Washington Post. N.p., 23 Feb. 1980. Web. This Newspaper Article was released the day after the game, and it showed both the excitement that the American people felt after the game, and also the significance of the game. The article has an interview with the team Captain, Mike Eurizone, about the game. Emphasizing the players reactions to beating the Soviets, along with their personal comments on different plays during the game. It was an article that put us in the players head, understanding how they felt about their performance. Swift, E.M. "A Reminder of What We Can Be." n.d.: n. pag. Sports Illustrated. 22 Dec. 1981. Web. The Sports Illustrated Article focused more on the reactions of the Americans, to the game against the Soviet Union. It described different situations and places Americans were at the time that they heard the final score of the 1980 Olympic Hockey semi-finals. The article also contained a section on Coach Herb Brooks, and how he played a very important role in the success of his team.

Secondary "1980 Miracle On Ice USA Hockey Team | Minnesota Fun Facts." Minnesota Fun Facts. N.p., 2009. Web. 9 Jan. 2013. These quick facts were a good starter for research. We took the information and basic facts about the event and we searched more specifically which is where we came upon a large amount of our primary sources. Coffey, Wayne, and Jim Craig. The Boys of Winter. New York: Crown Publishers, 2005. Print.

A wonderful book about the team in perspective of the United States. It was great for recognizing the impact of the event. A really great part of it was it had a lot of great quotes, it showed the dynamic of the team, the way that the team operated, and it provided a lot of primary information within the book. Russel, Kurt, perf. Miracle. Dir. Gavin O'Connor. 2004. Disney. DVD. The movie was our first source when it originally came out. Done by Disney, it was more a story about the team, but it gave a lot of historical background about the United States and just the era in general before the 1980s. The impact the game had on people was very evident in how the lives of the players and people were portrayed in the movie. This was basically our project in theatrical form. Mallon, Bill and Ian Buchanan. Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Oxford: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2006. This was an excellent source of historical background. It provided a lot of information backing what was happening during not only the Olympics that we covered more in our projectbut also the Olympics in Moscow, before the 1980 ones and after. "USA Hockey." USA Hockey. U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2012. This is an article that was published later, looking back at the legendary hockey game. It describes the game, and gave more helpful details about the different ways it impacted the country. It emphasizes the rise in nationalism after the games, and how the cold war started to thaw at the end of the 1880s. "U.S. Hockey Pulls off Miracle on Ice." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 25 Dec. 2012. One of the brief articles giving a rounded look at the Soviets v. U.S. Hockey game, and a couple events thereafter. It looks back on the event, and the improbability of the United States victory. Also, mentions the death of Herb Brooks, and the significance of his passing. Kennedy, Edward M. "The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: Ted Kennedy Speech - The Cause Endures." Speech. The Cause Endure. The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: Ted Kennedy Speech - The Cause Endures. Web. 11 Jan. 2013. This is a quote from one of the running candidates at the time, pointing out some of the problems our country was going through at the time. It marks the significance of the hockey victory in the time period it was in.

Pictures

http://sportsdispencer.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/oly_i_1980hockeyteam_600.jpg http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/elvis_funeral_procession_august_17_1977.shtml http://www.thefeeherytheory.com/2011/06/15/collapse-of-cold-war-consensus/ http://weather.blogs.foxnews.com/2008/01/28/miracle-monday/ http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-reagan-debate-2012-10 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/ http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/ http://www.anglonautes.com/hist_us_20_cold_war/hist_us_20_cold_war.htm http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/spies/20.htm http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/bramble1943.asp http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0222.html http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multimedia/photo_gallery/1002/ olympics.winter.hockey.miracle.on.ice/content.1.html