RECO2006 Construction IV

Transportation System Lifts and Escalators

Edward CY YIU Department of Real Estate and Construction January 2007

Learning Objectives
Concepts of Barrier Free Access Design of Vertical Transportation System
Lifts Escalators Stairs (see course materials on fire safety)

Design of Horizontal Transportation System

Conveyors Ramps

Maintenance of Transportation System Links

Lift Hong Kong at www.lift.hk EMSD at www.info.gov.hk/emsd
2

Authority
Part VII, Building (Planning) Regulations Design Manual Barrier Free Access 1997 Lifts and Escalators (Safety) Ordinance, Cap. 327

Building Services Framework

Water out Drainage System

Water in Plumbing System

People / Goods in Transportation System

Energy in Electricity Supply Systems Air in MVAC System Fire in Gas Supply System Light in Lighting System Sound in Acoustics System

People out Transportation System

Waste out Waste Disposal System Energy out - OTTV Air Out MVAC System Fire out Fire Safety System Light out Lighting System (blinds) Sound out Acoustics System 4

Barrier Free Access

Ramps Drop kerbs Handrail

BFA - Stairs

What is a lift?

Source: BD(1993)

Types of Lifts
Electric Traction (Cable) Lift Hydraulic Lift Rack and Pinion Lift Firemans Lift (See Course Materials on Fire Services Installations or MOA code) Dump-waiter (Service Lift) Observation Lift
8

Dimensions of Lift

E.g. Rated Load = 800 No. of passengers = 10 Rated speed = 1.0 2.5 m/s Car width x depth = 1400 x 1350mm Pit depth = 1700 2800mm (why pit?) Machine room = 15 sm (why machine room?)
9

Source: BD(1993)

Sections of a Lift Well

Which process first and how long?
Building works of lift well Building works of machine room buying a lift Installation of lift car Installation of landing door Installation of machine and control

10

Lift Machine Room

Motor for a Traction Lift
geared machine

motor generator

11

Knowles Building, HKU

A Traction Lift
1-car control and selector panel 2-motor generator 3-geared machine 4counterweight 5-load compensating cables

A Hydraulic Lift
Source: - (www.howstuffworks.com)

12

An Escalator

13

Source: - (www.howstuffworks.com)

The machine roomless elevator

Application Scope of V8-M Target market: Medium-and-low residential building and business building Standard Load(kg): 550,750,1000 Speed(m/s): 1.0,1.5,1.75 Max. travel: 60 m Max. landings: 20 Group-control quantity: 8 sets Control system: Modular microprocessor full-collective control Type of traction machine: Permanent magnet synchronous gearless drive.

14

http://listing.hk.business.yahoo.com/en/11474/product_details_130270.html

Traffic Design - Nos. and Size of Lifts

Estimation of population Quality of service required
The up-peak interval of an office tower:
20s or less excellent system 30s satisfactory system

Quantity of service required

The handling capacity within 5 minutes

Estimation of arrival rate

Handling capacity = (5minx60x0.8xLift Car Capacity in nos. of persons)/(up peak interval x population above terminal floor of zone)
15

Traffic Design (contd)

Round Trip Time (RTT) by up peak model
Where

RTT = 2 Htv + (S + 1)t s + 2 Pt p

RTT = round trip time in seconds H=highest call reversal floor S=average no. of stops tv=time to transit 2 adjacent floors at rated speed in seconds ts=time consumed when making a stop in seconds tp=passenger transfer time for entering or exiting the lift car in seconds P=0.8xlift car capacity in person
16

S tp

RTT

Details refer to EMSD (2000)

An Example of Lift Traffic Design

An office building of 10 floors above the main terminal is to be built, each floor of 1200 sm of net space. The interfloor distance is 3.3m. The required up peak interval is 30s (i.e. satisfactory grade) Estimation of population: assume 12sm per person per floor, i.e. Pop=1200/12=100 persons per floor Assume 12.5% peak arrival rate, i.e. 0.125x0.8x100x10flr=100 persons Qty of service: Nos of trip in 5 minutes = 5minx60/30s=10 Nos. of person per trip = 100/10 = 10 The required car size is 10/0.8 = 13-person car Total travel distance = 3.3x10=33m Assumed rated speed = 1.6m/s tv=3.3/1.6=2.1s ts=7.7s (from code) tp=1.2s (assumed) P=13x0.8=10.4 persons H=9.5, S=6.7 (from code) RTT=(2x9.5x2.1)+(6.7+1)7.7+(2x10.4x1.2)=124.2s Since up peak interval required is 30s, i.e. 4 cars are required The up peak interval is 124.2/4 = 31.1s The up peak handling capacity is (300/124.2)x10.4x4 = 100.5 persons / 5min 17

Disabled Lift

BD (1997)

18

Maintenance
S.27C(b) of L&E(S)O, proper maintenance is required to be carried out by a registered lift contractor to a service lift at intervals not exceeding 5 weeks. Detailed requirements on L&E Maintenance, see EMSD (1996) Safety Precautionary Measures for L&E Maintenance and Repairs
Garley Fire (see Garley Fire Report) PNAP 209 Maintenance and Replacement Works of Lift Installations
19

References
British Standards Institution ( ) BS5655 (EN81) Lifts and Service Lifts, BS5656 (EN115) Safety rules for the construction and installation of escalators and passenger conveyors, BSI, UK. Buildings Department (1997) Design Manual Barrier Free Access, HK Govt, HK. Buildings Department (1993) Code of Practice on the Building Works for Lifts and Escalators, HK Govt, HK. EMSD (1993, Reprint 1997) Code of Practice on the Design and Construction of Lifts and Escalators, HK Govt, HK. EMSD (1996) Code of Practice on the Examination, Testing and Maintenance of Lifts and Escalators, HK Govt, HK. EMSD (2000) Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Lift and Escalator Installations, HK Govt, HK.

20

10

The End
For enquiries, please send email to Edward CY YIU
Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

ecyyiu@hkucc.hku.hk

21

11