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VIII. TAP LENH THAO TAC TREN MA TRAN

1. Cong, tr, nhan, chia tng phan t cua ma tran vi hang so
a) Cu phap:
Ma tran ket qua = ma tran [+] [-] [.] [/] hang so.
b) V du:
a=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Cong ma tran a vi 2 ket qua la ma tran b
b=a+2
b=
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
tng t cho cac phep tnh tr, nhan va chia.
2. Lenh DET
a) Cong dung:
Dung e tnh nh thc cua ma tran.
b) V du:
Tnh nh thc cua ma tran a
a=
1 4
5 6
det(a)
ans = -8
3. Lenh DIAG
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran mi va x ly ng cheo theo quy c.
b) Cu phap:
v = diag(x)
v = diag(x,k)
c) Giai thch:
x: la vector co n phan t.
v: la ma tran c tao ra t x theo quy tac: so hang bang so cot va
cac phan t cua x nam tren ng cheo cua v.
k: tham so nh dang cho v, so hang va cot cua v = n + abs(k).

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Neu k = 0 ng cheo cua v chnh la cac phan t cua x

Neu k > 0 cac phan t cua x nam pha tren ng cheo v
Neu k < 0 cac phan t cua x nam pha di ng cheo v
d) V du:
x= 2 1
9 5 4
v = diag(x)
v=
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
v = diag(x,2)
v=
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
v = diag(x,0)
v=
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
v = diag(x,-2)
v=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
4. Lenh EYE
a) Cong dung:

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Tao ma tran n v.
b) Cu phap:
y = eye(n)
y = eye(n,m)
c) Giai thch:
n: tao ma tran co n hang, n cot.
m, n: tao ma tran co m hang, n cot.
d) V du:
y = eye(3)
y=
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
y = eye(3,5)
y=
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
5. Lenh FLIPLR
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen cac phan t cua cac ma tran theo th t cot ngc lai.
b) Cu phap:
b = fliplr(a)
c) Giai thch:
b: ten ma tran c chuyen oi.
a: ten ma tran can chuyen oi.
d) V du:
a=
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
b = fliplr(a)
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
6. Lenh FLIPUD
a) Cong dung:
Chuyen cac phan t cua ma tran theo th t hang ngc lai.
b) Cu phap:
b = flipud(a)

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c) Giai thch:
b: ten ma tran c chuyen oi.
a: ten ma tran can chuyen oi.
d) V du:
a=
1 4
2 5
3 6
b = flipud(a)
b=
3
6
2
5
1
4
7. Lenh INV
a) Cong dung:
Tm ma tran nghch ao.
b) Cu phap:
Ma tran nghch ao = inv (ma tran)
c) V du:
Tm ma tran nghch ao cua a.
a=
1
2
0
2
5 -1
4 10 -1
b = inv(a)
b=
5
2 -2
-2 -1 1
0 -2 1
8. Lenh tao ma tran
a) Cong dung:
Dung e tao 1 ma tran gom co n hang va m cot.
b) Cu phap:
Ten ma tran = [a11 a12a1m ; a21 a22 a2m ;;]
c) Giai thch:
a11, a12, a1m la cac gia tr tai hang 1 cot 1 en cac gia tr tai hang 1
cot m, co n dau (;) la co n hang.
d) V du:

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Tao ma tran gom 3 hang va 3 cot vi gia tr la

1
2
3
4
5
6
1
0
0
a = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 1 0 0]
a= 1
2
3
4
5
6
1
0
0
9. Lenh tao vector n
a) Cong dung:
Lenh nay dung e tao 1 vector n gom co n phan t.
b) Cu phap 1:
Ten vector = [pt1 pt2 pt3 ptn]
c) Giai thch:
pt1 pt2 ptn: la cac so thc.
d) V du:
Tao vector a gom co 4 phan t, vi cac gia tr la:1, 3, 7, 4
a = [1 3
7
4]
a=
1
3
7
4
e) Cu phap 2:
Ten vector = gt:csc:gtkt
f) Giai thch:
gt: la gia tr bat au cua vector.
csc: cap so cong.
gtkt: gia tr ket thuc.
g) V du:
Tao vector a co gia tr bat au 0.2, gia tr ket thuc pi/2
(= 1.5708), cap so cong 0,3.
a = 0.2;0.3;pi/2
a=
0.2000 0.5000 0.8000 1.1000 1.4000
10. Lenh LINSPACE
a) Cong dung:
Tao vector co gia tr ngau nhien gii han trong khoang nh trc.
b) Cu phap:
y = linspace(x1, x2)
y = linspace(x1, x2, n)

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c) Giai thch:
y: ten cua vector.
x1, x2: gii han gia tr ln nhat va nho nhat cua vector y.
n: so phan t cua vector y.
Neu khong co gia tr n th mac nh n = 100.
d) V du:
y = linspace(1, 10, 7)
y = 1.0000 2.5000
4.0000
5.5000
7.0000
8.5000 10.0000
11. Ma tran chuyen v
a) Cong dung:
Ma tran chuyen v = ma tran ang co.
b) Cu phap:
Tao 1 ma tran chuyen v t 1 ma tran ang co.
c) V du:
a=
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ma tran chuyen v b
b = a
b=
4 7
5 8
6 9
12. Lenh MAGIC
a) Cong dung:
Tao 1 ma tran vuong co tong cua cac phan t trong 1 hang, 1 cot
hoac tren ng cheo bang nhau.
b) Cu phap:
Ten ma tran = magic(n)
c) Giai thch:
n: kch thc ma tran.
Gia tr cua moi phan t trong ma tran la mot day so nguyen lien
tuc t 1 en 2n.
Tong cac hang, cot va cac ng cheo eu bang nhau.
d) V du:
tmt = magic(3)
tmt =
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8
3
4

1
5
9

6
7
2

13. Nhan ma tran

a) Cong dung:
Ma tran ket qua = ma tran 1* ma tran 2.
b) V du:
Ta co 2 ma tran a va b nh tren va c la ma tran ket qua
c = a*b
c=
14
32
50
32
77 122
50 122 194
14. Lenh ONES
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran ma gia tr cua cac phan t la 1.
b) Cu phap:
y = ones(n)
y = ones(m,n)
c) Giai thch:
y = ten ma tran.
n: tao ma tran co n hang
m, n: tao ma tran co m hang, n cot.
d) V du:
y = ones(3)
y=
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
y = ones(3,5)
y=
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15. Lenh PASCAL
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran theo quy luan tam giac Pascal.
b) Cu phap:

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pascal (n)
c) Giai thch:
n: la so hang (cot)
d) V du:
pascal(4)
ans =
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
1
3
6 10
1
4 10 20
16. Lenh RAND
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran ma ket ma gia tr cua cac phan t la ngau nhien.
b) Cu phap:
y = rand(n)
y = rand(m,n)
c) Giai thch:
y: ten ma tran.
n: tao ma tran co n hang, n cot.
m, n: tao ma tran co m hang, n cot.
Gia tr cua cac phan t nam trong khoang [0 1]
d) V du:
y = rand(3)
y=
0.9340 0.0920 0.7012
0.8462 0.6539 0.7622
0.5269 0.4160 0.7622
y = rand(3,5)
y=
0.2625 0.3282 0.9910 0.9826 0.6515
0.0475 0.6326 0.3653 0.7227 0.0727
0.7361 0.7564 0.2470 0.7534 0.6316
17. Lenh RESHAPE
a) Cong dung:
nh dang lai kch thc ma tran.
b) Cu phap:
b = reshape(a,m,n)
c) Giai thch:

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b: ma tran c nh dang lai.

a: ma tran can c nh dang.
m, n: so hang va so cot cua b.
Ma tran a phai co so phan t la: m*n.
d) V du:
a=
1 4 7 10
2 5 8 11
3 6 9 12
b = reshape(a,2,6)
b=
1 3 5 7 9 11
2 4 6 8 10 12
18. Lenh ROT90
a) Cong dung:
Xoay ma tran 900.
b) Cu phap:
b = rot90(a)
c) Giai thch:
b: ma tran a c xoay 900
a: ma tran can xoay.
d) V du:
a=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
b = rot90(a)
b=
3 6 9
2 5 8
1 4 7
19. Lenh TRACE
a) Cong dung:
Tnh tong cac phan t cua ng cheo ma tran.
b) Cu phap:
d = trace(a)
c) Giai thch:
d: bien cha ket qua.

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a: ten ma tran.
d) V du:
a=
2 8 3
4 7 1
6 9 2
d = trace(a)
d = 11
20. Lenh TRIL
a) Cong dung:
Lay phan na di ma tran theo hnh.
b) Cu phap:
I = tril(x)
I = tril(x,k)
c) Giai thch:
I: ten ma tran ket qua.
k: tham so.
Neu k = o lay t ng cheo tr xuong.
Neu k = n lay t ng cheo tr len n n v.
Neu k = -n lay t ng cheo tr xuong n n v.
d) V du:
a=
5 9 13
6 10 14
7 11 15
8 12 16
i = tril(a)
i=
1 0 0
0
2 6 0
0
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
i = tril(a,0)
i=
1 0 0 0
2 6 0 0
3 7 11 0
4 8 12 16

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i = tril(a,1)
i=
1 5 0 0
2 6 10 0
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
i = tril(a,-1)
i=
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 7 0 0
4 8 12 0
21. Lenh TRIU
a) Cong dung:
Lay phan na tren ma tran theo hnh tam giac.
b) Cu phap:
I = triu(x)
I = triu(x,k)
c) Giai thch:
I: ten ma tran ket qua.
k: tham so
Neu k = 0 lay t ng cheo tr len.
Neu k = n lay t ng cheo tr xuong n n v.
Neu k = -n lay t ng cheo tr len n n v.
d) V du:
a=
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
I = triu(a)
I=
1 5 9 13
0 6 10 14
0 0 11 15
0 0 0
16
I = triu(a,0)
I=

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1 5 9 13
0 6 10 14
0 0 11 15
0 0 0 16
I = triu(a,-1)
I=
1
5 9 13
2
6 10 14
0
7 11 15
0
0 12 16
I = triu(a,1)
I= 0
5
9 13
0
0 10 14
0
0
0 15
0
0
0
0
22. Lenh ZEROS
a) Cong dung:
Tao ma tran ma gia tr cua cac phan t
b) Cu phap:
y = zeros(n)
y = zeros(m,n)
c) Giai thch:
y: ten ma tran.
n: tao ma tran co n hang va n cot.
m, n: tao ma tran co m hang, n cot.
d) V du:
y = zeros(3)
y=
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
y = zeros(3,7)
y=
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

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