6

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Angel Martinez

: ,
. damiorgoiv,
kosmhth're" a[rconte". Bwlav (Boulhv), ,
6

.. . preivgisto"

, ,
.
ajgorav. ajgorav
, ejkklhsiva, povli", plh'qo", koinovn, dh'mo", ceirotoniva.
,
,
, .

. ,
.

The terminology about the public administration of ancient Crete

Angel Martinez
ABSTRACT
In the Cretan political regime, there are three main magistracies: Kosmoi, Council and Assembly. In the
Hellenistic period, the Kosmoi are sometimes known as damiorgoi, kosmeteres and archontes. The
Boule is found in an inscription of Axos which dates from the sixth century B.C. and is also found in the
recent inscriptions of various cities. The term preigistos, both in singular and in plural, is employed in
Gortina's ancient and recent inscriptions to make reference to the members of the Council. The word
agora is used in ancient inscriptions to name the Assembly. In the Hellenistic inscriptions, the term
agora is replaced by others, such as ekklesia, polis, plethos, koinon and demos.
In the Archaic and Classical periods and also in the Hellenistic period, Cretan inscriptions present
various references to other magistrates and public officers who are in charge of well-defined functions of
not minor importance. The terms employed to refer to these magistrates are of great interest and will be
analyzed in this paper. Finally, in Roman Crete, specific terms are used to designate public positions
and institutions that belong to the Roman administration.

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1 : ,
1
. kovsmoi,

2.
.

startouv" 3 (.. 5.5-6)

. 5 ..
startagevta"
(.80.4-5).
prwtovkosmo" ( 20.B.5, 7.A.3, 8.8-9, 18.9, 19.10, )
suvnkosmoi (
7.A.3-4, 8.11).
damiorgoiv,

kosmhth're" a[rconte"4.
kosmovpoli"
(.55.12).

ajpovkosmo", 6 5 ..

(SEG 35, 1985, .991, A.5) 4

.. (SEG 23, 1968,

.566.14),
.
1

., , R.F. Willetts, Aristocratic

Society in Ancient Crete, London 1955, Westport, Conn., 1980, ..103-195.
, . M. Bile, Le dialecte crtois
ancien, Paris 1988, . 338-342.

M. Guarducci, Inscriptiones Creticae

[ICret.]. I. Tituli Cretae Mediae praeter Gortynios (Roma 1935). II. Tituli Cretae Occidentalis (Roma
1939). III. Tituli Cretae Orientalis (Roma 1942). IV. Tituli Gortynii (Roma 1950).
(ICret. IV, 72) ..
Supplementum
Epigraphicum Graecum [SEG], I-L, 1923-2002.

. R.F. Willetts, The Law Code of Gortyn,

Berlin 1967, .10 y 65.

, . : . 4.A.IV.31, V.35 VIII.57,

.4.B.IX.1, X.19, XI.35 XII.61, .7.A.1 .7.B.1, SEG 23, 1968, .548.2
.549.1 (), SEG 41, 1991, N.731.2 (). kosmhth're", .
3.22, 4.14, 6.8-9, 7.34-35, a[rconte", 2.2, 9.2-3,
7.10-11, 16-17, 19 28-29, 8.21.

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,
,

kovsmo" ksevnio", 7

5 .. (.14.g-

p.2, 30.4, 78.4, 79.15, .. 11.16-17),

kovsmo" iJarorgov",

2 ..,
(.195.b.3, 259.6, 260.3 6).

, ,
dikastaiv. mnavmwn ,
, (..,
42.B.6, .. 9.32, 11.53).

..

ojrfanodikastw'n,

(.. 12.7 11-12).

.

Bwlav (Boulav, Boulhv), ,

6 .. (.9.13) (..,
298, 6.31, 1.C.104, 108 D.129, 3.2 y 12, 2.3).
.

preivgisto" , ,
(.80.11) (.184.13,
.294.4 y 5, SEG 23, 1968, .589.24).
(.7.23, boulh'"

prhvgisto").

ajgorav ( 13.g-i, 80.14, .. 10.34, 11.12)

toi'" Gortunivoi" psapivdonsi ( 78.1).

ajgorav , ejkklhsiva (..,

12.10, 2.5), povli" (.., 52.2, 1.18, 2.B.1), plh'qo" (..,

12.17),

koinovn (.., 52.6, 2.5-6), dh'mo" (.., 19.A.17),

ceirotoniva ( 5.1-25).
5

, .

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2 ,
, .
:

) ajgrevta", 7 -6 .. (H. van

Effenterre, BCH 70, 1946, .590 .2.2).

, , ,
(. H. van
Effenterre, ibid., .595-6).

davmioi, 6-5 .. (P.

Demargne-H. van Effenterre, BCH 61, 1937, .334 .1.4),

6
.

ejszikaiwth're" (= *ejkdikaiwth're"), 6-5

.., ,
(SEG 35, 1985, .991.A.8).

gnwvmone", ,

7 - 6 (.14.g-p.2) .

ejpovtta" (= ejpovpta"), ,

5 .. (.84.4).

karpodai'stai,

()
7
5 .. (.77. B.5, . 77.C.3) .

ejspravttai ,

.. (.75.D.2, .87.1, 7, 8 11, .91.4)

Guarducci, ad loc.
6

. P. Demargne-H. van Effenterre, ibid., .346-7, F.R. Adrados (.), Diccionario GriegoEspaol, Madrid 1980-1997, I-V, . dhvmio".II.1.

, . R.F. Willetts, "Karpodai'stai",

Philologus 105, 1961, .145-147.

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4/3 .. (.160.B.7).
, , ,
(.7.21-22).
)

tivtai,

,
7 3 .. ( 14.g-p.1, 15.a-b.2, 78.5, 79.20, 102.3, 107.1,
165.7 169.33). ,
(. 14.g-p.1
169.33). ,

tivtai: eu[poroi, h] kathvgoroi tw'n ajrcovntwn.

, 3
.. (.7.21). , tivtai

oij i[kati oij ta'" povlio"

(P. Demargne-H. van Effenterre, BCH 61, 1937, . 348),

, , .

3 .
( 176.1314, 9.6, 2.18).
, :
) Eujnomiva,
2 .. (.178.2), (.2.2),
(.5.35, 21.3 y 24.2), ( 5.35), (.21.7)
(.9.2).
,
(. H. van Effenterre, REA 44, 1942, .46).
)

neovta", aJ, . neovta", . neovta", 8 ( 162.8

163.6), 3 ..
.
(.162.9-10,
8

oiJ eJpta; kat! ajgoravn, | oi{ ka

lavcwnti klarwvmenoi),

. R.F. Willetts, "The Neotas of Gortyna", Hermes 82, 1954, . 494-498.

 6
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.
neotateuvw, , (
164.3, 3 . ..).
) provkormo", ,
,
9
(.235.8). , ,

(= ), 10.
)

gunaikonovmo",

, 1 ..
gunaikonomevw ,
(.252.2).
)

ajgoranovmoi, , 1 .. (.250-

255) 2 .. (.302.10). , ,

. ,
speu'sdo"
(.253.3).

speu'sdo", ,

speuvdw (. Guarducci, ad loc.).

)

ejrgepistavtai ,

2 ,
(.5.9).
)

oijkonovmoi,

, 1 ../1 .. (SEG 26, 19761977, .1044.1 5).

)

ejreutaiv (= ejreunhtaiv, . ejreuvw = ejreunavw, ad 7.127,

),
, (13.18, 2 ..) (1.D.132,

9
10

. Martnez-Fernndez, "Cretense provkormo"", Fortunatae 1, 1991, .67-84.

., .., De Sanctis, Mon.Ant. 18, 1907, .344-5: Blass, Collitz-Bechtel, Griech. Dial.Inschriften, III.2.3, Gttingen 1904, . 5009, ad b3: LSJ . provkormo".

 6
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3/2 ..).
)

pravktore", ,

3 .. (7.21-22).

) logistaiv, , 3 .. (7.21).

tamiva", , (.235.6) (.3.17)

2 ..

sugkritav", , 3 ..

( .1.B.56-7 65-66),

11

.
)

w\roi,

( 184.a.13, 2 ..).
ou\ro" *worwo.)

krhtavrca", , 1 ..

(.250.2-3).
)

suvnedroi,

, 2 .. (.175.4 197.1).

69-67 ..

. ,


. ,
, (ICret. IV, . 250, 1
. ..) . ,
quaestor, legatus .
11

. H. et M. van Effenterre, BCH 109, 1985, .183 . 100.

 6
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,
(conventus).
, 295-297 ..,

(Diocesis Moesiae). , (324/337)

(Praefectura Praetorio Illyrici)
praefectus .

(ICret. IV, 285, 15 y 336 a-b, 8, 4 . ..).


, ,

nomina,
.
, .
,
, .
, .
.
.

praenomina
.

, .
,
,
,
, .
.

Sebastov",

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Augustus (passim):

ejxocwvtato" (ICret. IV, 312, 5),

eminentissimus:

megaloprepevstato" (ibid. 315, 3),

magnificentissimus:

ejpifanevstato" (ibid. 283, 2) ajndreiovtato" (ibid. 283, 2),

nobilissimus fortissimus : kravtisto" (ibid. 301, 2),
egregius:

diashmovtato", 3 4 ..
perfectissimus (ibid. 282.5 y 283.4):

ajhvtthto",

(ibid. 284a.1 284b.1),

invictus

(.

ibid.

281,

5):

12

dhmarcikh; ejxousiva , ,
tribunicia potestas (ICret. I, XVIII, 17.3, 18.6, 19.5,
21.5, 22.5, 23.4, 27.5, 28.3, 29.6, 30.6, 32.6, 33.5, 39.5, 40.4, 41.6, 42.7, 49.1, :
ICret. II, VI, 2.2, : ibid. X, 5.2, ibid. XI, 5.3, : ibid. XII, 29.2, :
ICret. IV,

200. 2, 275, 3):

oJ th'" oijkoumevnh" despovth",

(ICret. IV, 282.4, 283.3, 284a.3 284b.3)
2
(.., IG II-III , 3, 1, 5205.1: IGBulg. III, 1, 881.3: IGBulg. III, 1, 1510.8: Haussoullier,
3
Milet . 288, 4 = Dittenberger, Sylloge , 906 A, 4, .),

dominus totius orbis .

, , :

aujtokravtwr,

imperator (passim), 13

ajnquvpato"14

proconsul (., .., ICret. I,

XVIII, 44.2, : ICret. II, VI, 2.4, : ibid. XI,

: ibid. XII, 29.4, : ICret. IV, 200.11, 296.5, 297.3, 299.4, 301.3, 314.3,
327.4, 329.2, 431.1, ):

ajntistravthgo"15

pro praetore (ICret. III, III, 21, 5, 2 . .., : ICret. IV, 296, 9 297,
12

., .., DGE, . dhmarcikov", 1.

13

., .., DGE, . aujtokravtwr,

14

., .., DGE, .

15

., .., DGE, .

II.

 6
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10

7, 161-192 .., : ibid. 302, 3, 182 ..: ibid. 306A.4, 150-250 ..):

uJpatikov" consularis (ICret. I, XXII, 13.A.3,

4 . .., : ICret. IV, 284a.11 284b.10, 381-383 .., : ibid.

312, 11, 372-376 ..: ibid. 313.3, 381-384 ..: ibid. 314.7, 379-382 ..: ibid. 315.11, 382
..: ibid. 316.6, 384 ..: ibid. 317.9, 383 ..: ibid. 318.9, 384 ..: ibid. 319.10 320.9,
381-384 ..):

tamiva",

quaestor (., .., ICret. III, III, 20.3 y 21.4, 2 . .., : ICret. IV, 292.3, 296.8,
297.6, 302.2, 306A.3, 323, 2, : SEG 28, 1978, 739 = ICret. IV, 432, ):

Divkh, Praetorium s16,

17
(ICret. IV, 313.8, 323.5, 325.3 ):

cilivarco", tribunus militum

.. (ICret. IV, 296.6 y 297.4, 161-192 ..):

u{parco",

, Praefectus

(praefectus praetorio Illyrici)

(ICret. IV, 325, 1).

2
(., .., IG II-III , 4224 4226: IG VII, 94, : 5 .

..).

,

to;n fivlon,

(ICret. IV, 301, 6: 302, 10-11: 305, 15, ):

to;n ajxiologwvtaton, vir perfectissimus,

(ICret. I, XIII, 1, ):

to;n pavtrwna (ICret. I, 58, : ICret.

IV, 289, ).


,

Kai'sar (passim), praitwvrion (ICret. IV, 284b.7, 312.7, 317.4,

16

. A. Martnez Fernndez, "El vocabulario de los epigramas cretenses de poca imperial", Actas
del VIII Congreso Espaol de Estrudios Clsicos, I, Madrid 1994, . 191.

17

ICret. IV, 313.8, s. IV d.C., para; th;n Divkhn ajnevsthsan " Praetorium
", ibid. 323.5, proquvroisi Divkh" " ", ibid. 325.3
ajgcivquro" d! e[sthka Divkh" " ".

 6
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318.4), pretwvrion (ICret. IV, 284a.7),

(ejkklhsiva,

11

legewvn (ICret. IV, 296, 6 7).

dh'mo", povli"), (boulhv)

, .
,
.
, , ,
, .

. ,
prwtovkosmo".

, ,
. , :

.
18
, .

,
,

Koinovn tw'n Krhtw'n, ,

19
. ,

..

(Koinovn

th'" tw'n Krhtw'n ejparciva")

1 ..,

Krhtavrca

ajrciereuv".

prwteuvwn (ICret. IV, 313, 6), principalis,

18

., .., . , " ", . . , :

, I, 1987, . 298.

19

, . A. Chaniotis,"The
Epigraphy of Hellenistic Crete. The Cretan Koinon: new and old evidence", XI Internacional
Congress of Greek and Latin Epigraphy, Atti I, Roma 1999, . 287-299.

 6
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12

dekaprw'to" decemprimus.

ajrcierevw" ,

.

.

.

.
, ,
.
(quaestor legatus),
,
.

ngel Martnez Fernndez

Facultad de Filologa - Universidad de La Laguna
E38071 La Laguna (Tenerife) - SPAIN
e-mail: amarfer@ull.es