Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OD;armifarmifwif
teufzGifhaom
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf
aqmifMumjrdKif
rSww
f rf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
[ = pmwigwko
Yd nf
Zmav = oHAsiyf u
kd w
f Ydk ydu
k u
f eG w
f u
Ydk kd
a[;a,;,s = iifMuuke\
f /
oHAsifpmokdufrS BuD;Muyf
usKHaysmfpmayokduf
trSwf (53) ? 125-vrf;?
uefawmfuav;?
&efuek u
f jzefcso
d nf/
1
[ = pmwigwko
Yd nf
Zmav = oHAsiyf u
dk w
f Ydk yku
d u
f eG w
f u
Ydk dk
a[;a,;,s = iifMuuke\
f /
yxrtMudrf
tkyaf & 2100
(1-7-67)
oHAsipf moku
d rf S Mu;D Muyf
pmtkyu
f dk OD;oef;aqG (0935) rk;d aomufpmay?
trSwf (149) -37-vrf;? &efuek Nf rKd Uuxkwaf 0
OD;ode;f (0722-jr)J ? atmifEidk o
f yl EHk ydS w
f u
dk ?f 11-125-vrf;?
&efuek u
f &du
k Ef ydS o
f nf/
usKHaysmfpmaywkduf
trSwf (53) ? 125-vrf;
uefawmfuav;
&efuek u
f jzefcY so
D nf /
2
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
jrefrmpmuxdu
OD;armifarmifwif
teufziG ahf om
cspfpdefvGif
uke;f abmifacwf
aqmifMumjrdKif
rSww
f rf;
(OD;ykn)
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
av;pm;pGmjzifh
csppf ed v
f iG f
20-6-67
cspfpdefvGif
a&Tusi*f P
dk ;f tkyq
f &mawmf OD;pE&? oufawmf-65? 0gawmf-45/
3/
4/
ukw
d ifoed ;f wwd,ESpf 0dZm wef; ref;wuov
dk f rEav;NrKd U/
7/
OD;barmif jrefrmy@dw
f f rvIid Nf rKd U/
8/
uG,fvGefolrsm;
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
orm;awmfMu;D OD;olawmf/
a&TjynfO;D bwif/
tvuFmausmpf mG NrKd Urndr;f /
a':axG;axG; (OD;olawmforD;)/
rmrlMu;D OD;xGe;f /
apmif;aumufO;D vSausm/f
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
ajzmifq
h dk 0efccH suf
tEkynm&yfwiG f o&kyaf zmf&m ,Ofonf &kid ;f onf[k cGjJ cm;&rnft
h pm; &oajrmuf
zko
Yd mvQit
f "dusonf[ck ,
H yl gonf/ xkcd ,
H cl sut
f wkid ;f pmzwfov
l uf0,fta&mufay;
ykcYd ahJ om pmtkyif ,ftwGuf tjypf temtqmrsm;? a'gooifb
h ,
G &f mrsm; awGU&Scd yhJ g
vQif pma&;olwm0efom vk;H vk;H vsm;vsm; jzpfygonf/
cs;D rGr;f bG,&f m ESpjf cKd ub
f ,
G rf sm; awGU&Scd yhJ gvQif pmtkyjf zpfajrmufap&ef uGseaf wmfh
tm; yg;pyf&mZ0ifajymolrsm;? tMu
H Pfrsm;? pmtkypf mwrf;rsm;ukd pkaqmif;ay;oly*k K v
d f
wkt
Yd m;omvQif cs;D usK;zkrYd arhMu&ef arwm&yfvydk gonf/
pmtkyw
f iG f yg&Sad omtzGiEhf iS hf rdwq
f ufpmwef;wku
Yd dk rzwf&&I ygvQif pmtky\
f &nf
&G,cf suEf iS t
hf ESpo
f m&ukd od&EdS idk rf nf r[kwyf g/
0000000
aqmifMumNrKd if tzGihf /
uke;f abmifacwf aqmifMumNrKd irf w
S w
f rf; pmtkyu
f dk pma&;olcsppf ed v
f iG u
f tzGihf
a&;ay;yg&efajymjy;D ol\rSww
f rf; taMumif;t&mrsm;ESiw
hf uG vufa&;rlpmrsm;ukd zwf
&ef ay;vmygonf/ rSww
f rf;taMumif;t&mrsm;onf uke;f abmifacwf taMumif;odjy;D
olrsm;u ajymjyaom orkid ;f pmapmifrsm;wGif rygao;onfh yg;pyf&mZ0ifrsm;ESihf uk,
d yf idk f
rSww
f rf;rsm;yif jzpfygonf/
okEYd iS hf rSww
f rf;ukd aqmifMumNrKd if [lok;H EIe;f rSnahf c:xm;av&m pmzwforl sm;
tm; aqmifMumNrKd i\
f t"dyg ,foabmrSeu
f dk ay;vkad om csppf ed v
f iG \
f apwemuko
d &d dS
&avonf/trsm;olig ,cko&d MdS ujy;D wuov
dk jf refrmtbd"mef tykid ;f -5 (q-tu&m)
pmrsuEf mS -788 wGif aqmifMumNrKd i-f eH ? jynfw
h efqmtvkyf vky&f mtdrf /
7
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
OD;armifarmifwif(r[m0dZm )
(22-5-67)
yGu
J ek ;f &yf
rEav; /
oD[ysH aqmifMumodu
k f?
aemif&m&ku
d f pk;d wifah p ?
awmifnmwku
d f uk;d vifah er,f/
ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f
a'gif;#Dum
10
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
rmwdum
1/ uxdu OD;armifarmifwif\tzGihf
2/ armifausmufwidk \
f rdwq
f ufpmwef;
3/ yJjh yifuvIyf vIid ;f uykwf ? csppf ed v
f iG f
4/ jcKd ;jcKaH wmfryl gbk&m;/
5/ rmefp,
G u
f sKd ;ygaygh ?
6/ 'l;awmfr[kwo
f nfwhJ
7/ wHvQyu
f dk a&xif
8/ usr;f uk;d pm&if;
11
cspfpdefvGif
rdwq
f ufpmwef;
&mZ0ifa&;&efrmS ynm&Su
d 0dMu;D rsm; tvkyo
f m jzpfygonf/ xkaYd Mumifh rdwq
f ufwiG f
a&;rnfh taMumif;rSm &mZ0iftaMumif; r[kwyf g/ &mZ0ifudk rSww
f rf;wifcahJ om &mZ
0ifrw
S w
f rf; ? ay ? yk&yku
d f ? pmtkyf ? pmwrf;rsm;\ &mZ0ifom jzpfygonf/ pdeaf umif;
ausmufaumif; a&mif;0,f&mwGif aq;&k;d onfu uefv
Y ef[
Y k ,lqolrsm;twGuf rdwf
qufpmwef;ukd ausmo
f mG ;Ekid yf gonf/
&mZ0ifrw
S w
f rf;rsm;\ &mZ0ifudk jyefajymif;ok;H oyfMunfv
h Qihf acwf 4-acwf ajymif;
vJvmcJo
h nfudk awGU&ygonf/(1) jrefrmrif;rsm; vufxuf jrefrmynm&Srd sm; a&;aom
jrefrm&mZ0if ? (2) t*Fvyd v
f ufatmuf uGseaf cwftwGi;f Ekid if jH cm; t*Fvyd f ? ukvm;?
w&kwf ? &k&mS ; ? tar&duefwYdk a&;aom jrefrm&mZ0if ? (3) uGseaf cwfu jrefrmynm&Sd
rsm;a&;aom jrefrm&mZ0if ? (4) acwfopfjrefrm&mZ0if rSww
f rf;pmtkyrf sm;[k tMurf;
tm;jzifh 4-rsKd ; awGU&ygonf/
yxrqk;H jrefrmrif;rsm;vufxuf jrefrmynm&Srd sm;a&;cJah om xif&mS ;onfh &mZ0if
rsm;rSm OD;ukvm;&mZ0if ? rSeef ef;&mZ0if ? 'kw,
d rSeef ef;&mZ0if ? &mZ0ifcsKyf ? &mZ0if
ausmf ? &mZ0ifvwf ? &mZ0ifopf ? Zmwmawmfy&Hk mZ0if ? ta&;awmfyHk 5-apmifwJG ?r
Pd&wemykH ? rif;qufvuFm wkjYd zpfonf/ &mZ0ifwrYdk mS rif;trdejYf zifah &;aom &mZ0if
okrYd [kwf xD;&dyef ef;aiGUruif;aom &mZ0ifwcYdk sn;f om jzpfonf/ tcsKd U &mZ0ifwo
Ydk nf
rif;tm; qk;H rcJo
h nf/ owday;cJo
h nf qkad omfvnf; a,bk,soabm raqmifyg/ t"d
u rusyg/
a&S;&mZ0ifw\
Ydk wlnaD om cGsw,
f iG ;f csurf sm;ukd azmfjyygrnf/ &mZ0ifwo
Ydk nf\
ausmufpmESihf rndE idI ;f jcif; ? nEd idI ;f onfqu
dk vkaH vmufatmif rnEd idI ;f cJjh cif;/ taMumif;
tcsuf rSef rrSex
f uf tm;usrcH ud,
k u
f tEkid &f atmif a&;cJjh cif;/ t0J tcs;D tuJtykd
rsm;jcif;/ r&Scd rhJ jzpfco
hJ nfudk jzpfcahJ v[efvyk jf cif;/ &Scd hJ jzpfco
hJ nfudk xdecf sejf cif;/tcsuf
tvuftrSeu
f kd ausmay; rif;MuKd uv
f u
dk rf u
I uJjcif;wku
Yd dk awGU&onf/ ausmufpmvm
rS trSe[
f k ausmufpmukd ruk;d uG,v
f adk omfvnf; ausmufpmjzifh rnEd idI ;f ? vufawGUwl;
azmf ppfaq;rIjzifh qef;ppfjcif;r&Sad om &mZ0ifwrYdk mS rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf Q pdwcf stm;uk;d
&aom &mZ0if rjzpfEidk /f
tb,faMumifq
h adk omf &mZ0ifqo
dk nfrmS pdwu
f ;l uGejYf rL; a&;csiw
f idk ;f a&;&aom
t&m r[kwaf omaMumifh jzpfygonf/ ausmufpmuk;d um;rIEiS hf ywfoufvQif wGi;f oif;
rif;Mu;D \&mZ0ifopfrmS tawmftwef uk;d um;cJah omfvnf; vkaH vmufjy[
D rk ajymEdik yf g/
12
&mZ0if\ &mZ0if
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
taemf&xmeef;wufEpS f
364
379
406
316
uspmG eef;wufEpS f
581
596
596
607
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
,yifEh iS n
hf o
D nf) jy;D owf&mwGif rao;bJ usecf o
hJ jzifh usepf pfom;[k ykMH u;D csUJ onf/
taemf&xmu usepf pfom;tm; MuKd ;jzifw
h yk
f t&dEr m vSEH iS hf xk;d vku
d &f m wkyx
f m;aom
MuKd ;ukd wJw
h MhJ u;D xk;d rd usepf pfom; vTwo
f mG ;onf/ tvGev
f ufwv
hJ aS om &mZ0ifq&m
yifwum;/
tcsKd Uae&mwGif &mZ0iftcsut
f vufuydk if uajymif;ujyefvyk yf pfonftxd &mZ0if
q&mwkYd twif&h v
J monf/ wu,fr&Scd ahJ om rif;,Ofe&odcu
F dk at'D 1171 -wGif eef;
wufonf[k yk*rH if;qufxJ ZGwo
f iG ;f vmMuonf/ okYd r&Su
d t
dk &Sd ? r[kwu
f t
dk [kwf [k
vkyMf u&H EHk iS hf rvkaH vmufao;[k txif&v
dS maomtcg t&Su
d dk r&Sd ? wu,fjzpfco
hJ nfudk
rjzpfcahJ v[ef xdecf seMf uonf/ zk;H Mu zdMuonf/ 0uGu
f vpfvsL&IMuonf/
txufu qkcd ahJ om rif;,Ofe&odcu
F dk &Sad v[ef vkycf o
hJ jzifh em;awmif;rsm;ESiu
hf s
pGmrif;Mum;wGif wu,f&cdS ahJ om e&odcOF pemukd csev
f yS x
f m;cJMh uonf/ at'D 1165-rS
1173- (9)ESpv
f ;Hk vk;H oD[Vdk &f efaMumifh yk*jH ynf rif;rJjh zpfc&hJ onfudk avprQ rokwcf /hJ
okcYd sev
f yS x
f m;rIaMumifh ta&;Mu;D aom &mZ0ifrw
S w
f idk rf sm;onf uarmufurjzpfuek o
f nf/
r&Scd b
hJ ;l aom rif;qufawGudk xnfv
h m&onf/ trSeEf iS hf a0;oxufa0;vm&onf/
at'D 1061-wGif oD[Vdk u
f sG e;f okYd jrefrmu ppfuv
l w
T jf cif;ESihf oD[Vkd u
f omoemjyK&ef
&[ef;awmfrsm; awmif;ojzifh at'D 1071-wGif jrefrm&[ef;awmfrsm; oD[Vdk o
f <Ydk uoGm;
cJMh uonfudk razmfjybJ jrKx
H m;cJo
h nf/
yk*aH cwfu usL;ausmo
f l wmwmwkt
Yd m; awmfveS cf ahJ om jrefrmhacgif;aqmif &Sr;f nD
aemif3-OD;\awmfveS af &;ukd a&ikEH w
I yf w
d f vkycf MhJ uonf/ tqk;d qk;H um; rdred m;rsupf ad &SU
wGif xifxifMu;D odygvQuf uke;f abmifrif;qufw\
Ydk ta&;udpw
u
Ydk dk xdecf sex
f m;cJjh cif;
jzpfonf/ trSeu
f dk ,xmblwusus azmfjy&rnfh &mZ0ifq&mwk\
Yd r[m0w&m;Mu;D ukd
ysuu
f u
G cf MhJ uonf/
uke;f abmifacwfEiS hf ywfouf xdecf serf rI sm;ukd us,u
f s,f jyefjY yefY a&;&rnfjzpf&m
aemufyidk ;f wGif tao;pdwf wifjyygOD;rnf/ um; jrefrmynm&Srd sm; a&;cJo
h nfh &mZ0if
\&mZ0if jzpfonf/ txufygtcsurf sm;ukd axmuf jrefrmynm&SMd u;D rsm; a&;cJah om
jrefrm&mZ0ifonf ausmufpmESin
hf Ed idI ;f rIenf;yg;jcif; ? t0St
J uJ tykrd sm;jcif; ? taMumif;
,kwd oifrh oifh rcsichf sed b
f J a&;cJo
h jzifh Ekid if jH cm;om; &mZ0ifq&mwku
Yd avSmifp&maigh
p&m &mZ0ifrsm; jzpfaeaMumif;ukd awGU&onf/ Akv
d yf t
Hk v,frmS rsuEf mS i,fp&m jzpfc&hJ
onf/
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
ay:yif &mZ0ifq&mrsm;
t*Fvyd f ? ukvm;wk\
Yd &mZ0ifpmtkyrf sm; ausmif;twGi;f rS xGu&f jy;D aemuf rsKd ;cspf
&mZ0ifq&mMu;D rsm;\ aemufu,
G rf aS e ausmif;ok;H &mZ0ifrsm; tvQKd vQKd xGuaf y:vm
onf/ yk*v
"d|mefusrnfp;dk trnfrazmfvadk wmhyg/ ausmif;om;wkid ;f todjzpfygonf/
jrufjrufuav; pm;&&ef pD;yGm;a&;tjrif wckwnf;jzifh q&mMu;D trnf ? ygarmuMu;D
t
rnfcH ? okawoDtrnfcw
H o
Ydk nf ausmif;ok;H &mZ0ifrsm;ukd rSeef ef;? OD;ukvm;wkYd txJ
uul;csMuygonf/
trnfEiS hf acgif;pOfom ajymif;csiaf jymif;Muonf/ taMumif;t&m tcsuv
f ufopf
rsm;ryg/ okawoejyKrI r&Sb
d J acsmifacsmif pm;&rnfh vrf;ukd vku
d cf MhJ uonf/ tcsed f
wGif ygarmuvpk Ef iS hf a'gufwmoef;xGe;f wk\
Yd &mZ0ifrsm;onf tacsmifacwf twGi;f
pke;f jyL;tjzpf ay:xGuv
f maomfvnf; vlxv
k ufxJ a&mufatmif rwwfEikd /f vlawGod
atmif em;vnfatmif ra&;bJ ynm&Sq
d efveG ;f orm;*kPjf yvGe;f ojzifh jrK yaf eonf/
&mZ0ifEiS hf rwlbJ ausmpf mpm&if;Mu;D ESihf wlaeonf/ xkaYd Mumifh ay:yif&mZ0ifwu
Ydk om
vQif vTr;f rk;d aejrJ vTr;f rk;d aeonf/
ygarmuMu;D wa,muf\ &mZ0ifrmS vnf; [kwaf wmhrvkv
d Edk iS hf ygarmu trnfudk
yif tm;remawmhbJ oa0xk;d oGm;onf/ ausmif;ok;H &mZ0if jzpfvadk Zm tm;Mu;D aeonf
[k xif&onf/ xkaYd Mumifh tbufbufrS jy;D jynfph
Hk ,xmblwusus oufaoom"u
taxmuftxm;jzifh tckid t
f rma&;aom &mZ0ifpmtkyf ray:ao;[k qk&d ygrnf/
rnfonfh &mZ0ifpmtkyrf S rjynfph Hk ? tm;uk;d r&aomtcg tuk;d tum; rsm;aom
yg;pyf&mZ0ifuv
dk ufrvTwEf idk af o;bJ ok;H cGuw
f cGuw
f ifenf;jzifo
h mtm;uk;d vm&ygonf/
yg;pyf &mZ0if
jrefrmh y@dwMf u;D arSmb
f q
D &mode;f \ tqkt
d rdet
Yf wkid ;f &mZ0if[&l m (1) wdus
18
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
aom ausmufpmyg &mZ0if ? (2) trSeef nf; t<um;rsm;aom rif;rdejYf zifh a&;aom
&mZ0if ? (3) tvGr;f taqG;rsm;aom Zmwf&mZ0if ? (4) tum;rsm;aom yg;pyf&mZ0if
[laom 4-rsKd ;teuf rnfonf&h mZ0ifurdk S pdwcf svufcs tm;ruk;d &Jatmif jzpfaeonf/
ausmufpmrSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh vSL'gerSww
f rf;rQomjzpf ,laomf&wef&monf[al om
tqifw
h iG o
f m &So
d nf/
&mZ0ifpmtkyrf sm;rSmvnf; vQmwuka#jzifh a&;xm;ojzifh trSeef nf;aeonf/ Zmwf
obifrmS wjznf;jznf;ESihf acwfwrd af umvmojzifh nEd idI ;f uk;d um;avmufatmif tm;r
&Sad wmh/ okjYd zpf&m aemufq;Hk yg;pyf&mZ0ifuo
dk m tykt
d um;ukd pDppfxw
k yf ,fonfh ok;H
cGuw
f cGuw
f ifenf;jzifh tm;uk;d &rvkd jzpfaeygonf/
yg;pyf&mZ0ifudk tm;ud;k &rnfh taMumif;ESihf pyfvsO;f q&mMu;D rsm;\ tqkt
d rdeYf
tcsKd Uukd azmfjy&vQi-f --q&mMu;D a&TjynfO;D bwifu---]]&mZ0iforkid ;f pmtkyaf wG rD;&lUId jymcsjy;D vsuq
f m;vkv
d suaf wmif usKyaf jymwJt
h csKd Ut
aMumif;awGudk odEidk rf ,f r[kwzf ;l }}
rnfonfh &mZ0ifwiG rf S azmfjyjcif;r&daS om OD;bd;k vIid t
f |Kyw
u
d dk a&Tref;q&mawmfxH
rS rSwo
f m;em,l&aom udpE iS yhf wfouf OD;bd;k vIid t
f |Kyw
d trSmpmwGif vlxOk ;D vSu
]]a&Tref;q&mawmfb&k m;onf yg;pyf&mZ0ifwiG f pHwif&aom yk*K v
d x
f ;l }}[k qko
d nf/
arSmb
f q
D &mode;f Mu;D url wdusjywfom;pGm ajymonf/
]]rsm;aomtm;jzifh uke;f abmifrif;qufwo
Ydk nf &mZ0iftqkEd iS hf trSef odoo
l QiMf u;D ?
vlMu;D yk*K v
d w
f Ydk ajymjycsuo
f nf uGv
J cGJ suf tvGerf sm;onf}} [kq
dk yg;pyf&mZ0ifuydk if
aywaqmif usr;f wzGUJ tcdik t
f rm pD&ifco
hJ nf/
uGseaf wmfwo
Ykd nf &mZ0ifoak woe jyKvyk Ef ikd af tmif yg&rDcH &ifo
h eforl sm; r[kwMf u
yg/odaYk omf rsm;rMumao;rSu
D jzpfysucf ahJ om uke;f abmifacwftaMumif; pdw'f [
dG jzpfp
&mawGU &mZ0ifpmtkyu
f dk vSev
f u
dk w
f idk ;f vufrcHEikd pf &m ? oHo,jzpfp&mrsm;ukcd sn;f
awGUae&onf/ pmtkyu
f dk tm;rud;k &aomtcg a&SUrSaD emufrDS oufMu;D 0gMu;D rsm;xHrS
yg;pyf&mZ0ifudk EIu
d ,
f &l ygonf/
okfYd yg;pyf&mZ0ifudk EIu
d ,
f al omtcgusrS tu&mwif &mZ0ifawG rnfrQ cGsw,
f iG ;f
wdr;f yg;aeonf/ xdecf sex
f m;onfwu
Ydk &dk yd pf m;rdvmygonf/ okYd raeYwaeYu jzpfysuf
cJo
h nfh uke;f abmif&mZ0ifonfyifvQif &mZ0ifq&mMu;D wk\
Yd aumif;rItmEkabmfaMumifh
rQ &kyyf suq
f if;ysujf zpfjy;D trSm;w0ufpifaevQif aemifwacwfwiG f rnforl Q trSeo
f d
Ekdifawmhrnfr[kwf/
&mZ0ifpmtkyw
f iG f rygao;aom bk;d awmftaMumif;ukd arSmb
f q
D &mode;f u yg;pyf&m
Z0ifwiG f rSww
f rf;wifco
hJ nf/ &mZ0ifq&mwku
Yd rjrifcsiaf ,mifaqmifco
hJ nfh oDaygrif;
19
quft&Iyaf wmfyu
Hk dk '*kecf ifcifav;u pmqkad wmfwiG f yGit
hf cH
J jrK yu
f u
G w
f uGuu
f o
dk d
cGifh&cJhonf/
rif;wke;f rif;vufxufu zk;H zdxm;cJah om twGi;f a&;udk a&TaoG;u eef;wGi;f vkyMf uH
rIMu;D wGif vSpjf yom &mZ0ifuiG ;f qufuav;awG bGm;bGm;Mu;D ay:vmjcif;jzpfonf/
q&mhq&mMu;D rsm;u qifomG ;vQiv
f rf;jzpfaMumif;ukd uavmifjzifv
h rf;cif;jycJMh uonf/
xkaYd Mumifo
h m emzsm;rao 0gum;aornfh &mZ0ifq&mwd\
Yk zk;H uGuf ? jrK yu
f u
G af wG
ukd wkid ;f jynfu odciG hf Mum;cGihf &cJo
h nf/ q&mhq&mMu;D wkYd xk;H ESv;Hk rl q&mMu;D wkrYd w
S f
wrf;rwifao;onfh ]]Orwu
rif;quf}}\ jrK yu
f u
G u
f dk zk;H xm;aom &mZ0ifuefv
Y efu
Y m
tm; csppf ed v
f iG u
f pmtkyjf zifh zGijhf yjcif; jzpfygonf/
Orwu
rif;quf
uke;f abmifqufonf Orwu
rif;quf[k ac:&avmufatmifyif &Iycf ?hJ ayGc?YJ Murf;cJ?Y
&rf;cJo
h nf/ tavmif;bk&m;ukd csev
f yS
f aemufwufvmaom uke;f abmifrif;wdo
Yk nf
wjznf;jznf; nHzh si;f vm&krH u oGuo
f u
G cf gatmifyif &l;oGyv
f mcJo
h nf/ rku
d rf aJ wGa0cJMh u
onf/ OD;ykna0g[m&jzifh ajym&vQif vlpidk rf edyaf wG jzpfcMhJ uonf/
*ra'gooifah vmufaom ta&;tom;rsm; ygoGm;ygu cGiv
hf w
T af wmfrMl uyg/ uGsef
jzpf&onfudk awG;rdwidk ;f atmufusaemufus *GaumifawG acG;jzpf&aomb0ukd awG;rd
wkid ;f Orwu
rif;awGuo
dk m zdaxmif;csio
f nfph w
d u
f w&m;csr&atmif ay:vmaom
aMumifh jzpfygonf/
Orwu
rif;quf[k tavmif;bk&m;ukd a&SUrsuEf mS aemufxm; ajym&onfrmS t
om;vGwaf jymjcif; r[kwyf g/ Orwu
rif;quf pwifco
hJ nfrmS tavmif;bk&m; ewf&mG
vm;jy;D om;awmf aemifawmfMu;D rif; vufxufu ponf[k ajym&rnfjzpfonf/crnf;
awmf\ vuf&;Hk vnf;jzpf ? wyfrawmf aoemywdvnf;jzpfaom Akv
d cf sKyrf if;acgifaemf&
xmukd uGurf suyf pfonfrmS Orwu
rif;qufudk pvk;H a&pjcif; jzpfonf/
Orwu
8-yg;teuf aumpkrw
u
t&l;yif jzpfonf/ qifjzL&Sirf if;onf wkid ;f jynf
ESit
hf &Sio
f ciftwGuf OD;aqG;qHajrY toufay; wku
d cf o
hJ l ppfyg&*lAv
dk cf sKyf r[moD[
ol&ukd w&kwEf iS hf jird ;f csr;f a&;vky&f aumif;rvm;[k e,fEiS 'f Pf cwfonf/ jird ;f csr;f a&;
vky&f mwGif yg0ifcahJ om Akv
d cf sKyf ? ?Adv
k rf LS K; ? rSL;rwfw\
Ydk ZeD;rsm;tm; w&kwu
f ay;onfh
vufaqmifypn;f awGudk acgif;ay:t&Gucf idk ;f jy;D 3-&ufww
d d aevSr;f jy;D t&Sucf cJG o
hJ nf/
xkaYd Mumifh rMumrSD wyfrawmfu tmPmzDqefrrI sm; ay:aygufvmcJo
h nf/
um; jcaoFMh u;D rsuv
f ;Hk eDvmjcif; jzpfonf/
20
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
pOfu
h rl if;vufxuf ykMd urf;vmonf/ tcsed &f o
dS a&GU aomufpm;jy;D rl;rl;&l;&l; jzpfae
onf/ rSL;rwfynm&Srd sm; pmqkrd sm;ukd uGyrf suo
f nf/ Akv
d cf sKyo
f [
D ol&ukd &Sr;f jynfoeYkd ,f
ESio
f nf/ enf;tm;jzifh jynfrh suaf pY ? jynfv
h uf&;Hk awGudk acsreI ;f zsuq
f ;D ypf&m Orwu
rif;qufjrifv
h mav t&l;&ifv
h mav jzpfonf/ xkaYd Mumifh pOfu
h ;l rif;ukd arm[kwu
rif;
[kac:&rnfjzpfonf/
aemufwufvmaom rif;wdu
Yk m; wHwm;av;yk&Yd rnfh rif;awGom wufvmMuawmh
onf/ bk;d awmfb&k m;onf pdwaf zmufjyef &l;oGyo
f nf/ bMu;D awmf pdwrf ESUH ? a&Tbrkd if;
um; aAm'dom&arSmf aygufaeoljzpfonf/ olx
Y ufuJ a&Tjynfp;dk awGom wufvmMuonf/
bk;d awmfb&k m;onf rnfrQowdvw
G u
f if; 'd|Krw
u
a&m*g azmufjyefvmoenf;[lrl
&[ef;&Siv
f l y&dwo
f wftv,f rif;uGe;f wGif igonf t&daraw,sb&k m; tavmif;[k
rsuEf mS ajymifwu
dk
f a<u;aMumfvmonftxd jzpfonf/
q&mawmfMuD;rsm;ESifh ynm&Sdrsm;u azsmif;zsonfukdyif a&Tem;nD;awmfrlonf/
pOfu
h ;l rif;ESit
hf aygif;tygwku
Yd dk t&Siv
f wfvwf rD;jrKd uo
f wfonf/ pOfu
h ;l rif;tEG,t
f m;
vk;H EkpYd u
Ydk av;ygrusef tMuifemuif;rJph mG owfjzwfypfonf/ r[moD[ol&vkd ppfoMl u;D
ukyd if rsupf &d yI o
f nf[k rsKd ;jzKwyf pfonf/
,leefw&kwv
f v
l nfwu
Ydk bk&ifMu;D pdwrf ESUH rSe;f odojzifh w&kwjf ynfMu;D rS vTwv
f u
dk f
aom oHtrwfwEk iS t
hf wl uavuacs w&kwt
f ysurf 3-a,mufudk w&kwjf ynfr rif;orD;
qufornf[k vdrMf uonf/ OD;aESmufwiG rf u wPSmyg&l;aom bk&ifMu;D onf ,if;w&kwf
rif;orD;qko
d l wuknif? Zuknif? oHun
k ifwt
Ydk m; oD&rd [mpEma'0D? oD&rd [myOa'0D?
oD&rd [m*Ema'0D rdz&k m;tjzpfyif ajrm ufco
hJ nf/
aemiftawmfMumrS oHtvdr?f rif;orD;tvdraf wG jzpfaMumif; odonf[k qkad omfvJ
vrf;ay:urif;orD;awGurdk nfopYdk &D ifaMumif;rSww
f rf;rsm;wGirf awGU&ay/ uke;f abmif
qufrwkid rf u
DS jrefrmeef;awmf tpOftvmt& w&m;0if rdz&k m;3-yg;om xm;cJMh uonf/
bk;d awmfonf eef;pnf;urf;ukd azmuf awmifa&Ta&;aqmifEiS hf ajrmufa&Ta&;aqmif
[k w&m;0ifrzd &k m; 2-yg; xyfw;dk onf/
aemufwufonfh bMu;D awmfb&k m; taMumif;um; tm;vk;H u odjy;D jzpfonf/ r,fEk
armiftu
dk dk armif[k Aef;jyjy;D armiftEkd iS hf tarmifZmwfcif;um wkid ;f jynftmPmukv
d uf
0g;Mu;D tkyx
f m;ojzifh aemufq;Hk bMu;D awmfonf t*FgZmwfyyk af <ujy;D ydwK rw
u
pdwZ
a&m*gESiyhf if uHawmfuek &f onf r[kwyf gavm/
aemifawmfw\
Ydk ajc&mukd wxyfwnf; vku
d ef if;aom om,m0wDrif;(a&Tbrdk if;)rSm
vnf; rjrwfav;ukd owfjy;D uwnf;u aum"krw
u
a&m*gaMumifh pdwaf zmufjyefvmonf
rSm aemufq;Hk oufawmf&n
S t
f rwfMu;D OD;wkwf (OD;bd;k vIid \
f zcif)ukyd if vSEH iS hf xk;d owf
onftxdazmufjyefvmonf/ bk;d awmfb&k m;u w&m;0if rdz&k m;5-yg;(uk,
d v
f yk af rmif;r
21
ryg) xm;cJo
h nfudk tm;r&ao; aemufxyf w&m;0if awmifaqmifawmfrzd &k m;1-yg;
ESihf ajrmufaqmifawmf rdz&k m;1-yg;/ 2-yg;xyf wPSmaqmifawmf wk;d csUJ vku
d o
f nf/
a&Tbrkd if;ukd qufco
H l yk*rH if;um; wrsKd ;&l;ol jzpfonf/ trsu&f ;l ? tmPm&l; ?
wPSm&l;wkt
Yd jyif ok&rk w
u
,pfxyk rf q
k ;dk &l;tjzpf pmwif&rnfh bk&ifjzpfonf/ wynfh
ausmf bkid q
f wfEiS hf OD;ydew
f Ydk rlqvifnaD emiftm; vufo;Hk jyK vl6000-ausm\
f touf
ukd &uf&ufpufpuf owfypfonf/ *sK;d wnf?Muufwu
dk jf zifh aemifawmfMu;D bd;k awmfw\
Ydk
Orwu
pHcsed u
f dk trSv
D u
dk cf jhJ y;D wa,mq&mMu;D eD&;dk pHcsed u
f ydk if csKd ;cJo
h nf/
okYd tpOftquf Murf;cJh ? &rf;cJh ? &l;cJh ? ESr;f cJah om bk;d awmfaemifawmfw\
Ydk tarG
ukd wckruseq
f ufc
H Orwu
tqDawG pkaeolum; umrkrw
u
(umOrrw
u
)&Sirf if;
&m;Mu;D yif jzpfonf/ twdw&f
dS om ypKye &f o
dS nf/ tyif&
dS om tcufxu
G o
f nf/
obm0t& tpOftqufuygvmaom &m*ADZ rsKd ;aphwo
Ydk nf rif;wke;f rif;wGif zl;yGiahf 0
qmvmonf/
nDawmf uaemifrif;om;\ Muif,mavmif; vIid rf if;orD;ukyd if wdww
f w
d yf ek ;f csed af e
&m pMuma'0D tMuOH ;D oGm; uaemifrif;ESihf taMumif;qufrjd cif; jzpfonf/ pMuma'0D
omtMuaH ESmif;oGm;ygu ]]pdejf cL;Mumanmif}}abmv,fyifay:xGuv
f mbG,&f mtaMumif;
r&Sad wmh/ tacsm tvS tzl; qkv
d Qif olcsn;f vuf0g;Mu;D tkyx
f m;ojzifh wrd;k vk;H azsmuf
qdycf sn;f yJ[k uaemifrif;om;uji;D cJ&h onf/ wPSmyGpJ m;vkyjf y;D aemuf Mu&H mr&aomt
cg t&G,rf a&mufao;onfh orD;ukyd if bk&ifMu;D tm;ajcawmfwif&ef qufoolo&l 0J ef
OD;vk;H ukd bk&ifMu;D u rsuEf mS om tay;vGecf &hJ m a,mrif;Mu;D OD;bd;k vIid u
f yif wm;,l&
onf/
jrefrmpmuxdu OD;armifarmifwif\ rSww
f rf;t& a&Twu
dk f pm&if;0if a*Zufu
rdz&k m;59-yg;/ pm&if;r0ifEiS hf aygif;vQif 114-yg; xm;cHpm;cJo
h nf/ wcgwGif r,m;t
rsm;tjym; ,lMuojzifh r,m;ta&twGuf uefo
Y wf&efupd a&Teef;awmfoYkd a&mufc&hJ m
a,mrif;Mu;D q&m ykcef;0efMu;D u Oya'ukd bk&ifrif;jrwfu pjy;D vku
d ef moifah Mumif;
ajymcJ&h onf/ umrtm;wk;d aq; qufoEkid af om rsuEf mS jzLr 2-a,mufudk eef;wGi;f wGif
zl;zl;rIwx
f m;cJo
h nf/ acgifurd;k rvkaH omtcg us;D tufjzpfaom rdz&k m;armif;rwko
Yd nf
azmufjyefcsiw
f idk ;f azmufjyef? tusiyhf sucf siw
f idk ;f ysuv
f mMuonf/
xkaYd Mumifyh if r[kwaf vm ? aqmifawmfu;l rSww
f rf;xm; umrcGw
J rf; pm&if;Mu;D zGihf
cJ&h onf/ oDaygr,fawmf avmif;&Snrf zd &k m;onf oDaygrif;om;ukd arG;aomtcg bk&if
rif;jrwfu aqmifawmfu;l rSww
f rf;jzifh wku
d Mf unfjh y;D rSww
f rf;ESihf ruku
d
f r,ko
H uFm
jzpfco
hJ nf/ eef;wGi;f rdz&k m;rsm;\ r[ma&Ttykyef aYH wmfMu;D woif;oif; xGucf o
hJ nf/
om;awmf orD;awmfaygif; 100-ausmf teuf rif;wke;f rif;\&ifEpS f r[kwo
f l b,f
ESpaf ,mufyg avSMu;D ay: avSi,fwifrjI zifh yJjh yifuvIyf vIid ;f uykw
f &onfh om;awmf
22
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
b,fEpS yf g;ukd tMu;D tus,f okawoe jyK&vdrrhf nf xifoenf;/ wkid ;f jynf\ a&SUaqmif
jzpfaom eef;awmfMu;D wckv;Hk tk;H tk;H uGswu
f sG wf wcJeuf wPSm&l;xjy;D C&m0goZmwf
cif;aeygu wkid ;f jynfMu;D tm;vk;H a&wdref pfawmhrnfudk twyfjrifaom a,mrif;Mu;D u
]]tr ESr ? o;D uukd pqufEiS ;f vufaqmifoiG ;f pk;d rif;cspjf rwf xkt
d rwfonf twwf
r&Sd owu
d if;uGm bke;f Mu;D vmrl jynf&mG ysuaf Mumif; wyg;wnf;}} [laom wPSm&l;awmf
vSeaf &; &J&aJ wmufvuFmMu;D toufpeG jYf y;D avQmufwif wm;jrpf&onf txd jzpfonf/
yGaJ wGUtrSm;ukd rqifjcifEidk cf ahJ om a&TPf&iS f OD;yknuyif y'kraygifwdk Zmwfuadk &;
umrazmufjyefrrI sm;taMumif; owday;&avonf/ Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm;uyif a&Teef;
awmfMu;D \ t&Iyaf wmfyMHk u;D ukd oduek Mf u&m ppforH LS ; ume,fvf avm&D urSww
f rf;wif
urmuodatmif aMunmarmif;cwfco
hJ nf/ um; Orwu
rif;quf\ wPSm&l;rI
txGwftxdyfyifwnf;/
okYd uke;f abmif;rif;wk\
Yd taMumif; raumif;onft
h csuu
f rdk S a&T; wifjyae&jcif;
rSm uk,
d ahf ygifuv
dk eS af xmif; vk
d r[kwyf g/ rnforl t
S emcH axmif;vdrk nf r[kwyf g/
okaYd omf &mZ0ifq&mawG ? orkid ;f okawoDawG ? ygarmuMu;D awG ? ynm&SMd u;D awG ? uxd
Mu;D awGu tvdrm zufjy;D a&ikEH w
I yf w
d v
f yk af eMuaomaMumifh &mZ*dP
k ;f oifv
h dk oifyh gap
awmh/ &mZ0ifq&mawGu xdecf secf w
hJ mawG Orwu
rif;qufaMumifh wkid ;f jynfa&wdref pf
cJw
h mawGudk wkid ;f jynfu Asn;f uku
d w
f t
hJ if;vkd tuGi;f vku
d jf rifvmrnfqydk gu csppf ed v
f iG f
a&m uGseaf wmfyg cg;yef;cHrnf[k oE|d mefcs xm;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
Orwu
wk\
Yd txGwf ? &m*rif;Mwm;wk\
Yd o&z?l tnDt
a[mufrif;wk\
Yd oeif;jzpf
aom rif;wke;f rif; ? oDaygrif;wd\
Yk eef;wGiaf &; xdyw
f ef;vQKUd 0Sucf suMf u;D wckonf eef;
&dycf
kd Mu;D jyif;vm&ol csppf ed v
f iG v
f ufwiG f &Sad eonf/ csppf ed v
f iG f vufoYdk ,if;xdyw
f ef;
vQKUd 0Sucf suf a&mufvmykrH mS okYd jzpfonf/
xdyw
f ef;vSsKUd 0Suf yk&ydu
k f
csppf ed v
f iG \
f ab;awmf OD;cJ\ use&f pfcahJ om pmayyk&yku
d Ef iS hf a&Teef;ok;H wefqm
24
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
aqmifMumNrKd if oifwef;
taqmif&eef;& rdz&k m;Mu;D 6-yg;jzpfaom qifjzL&Sirf ? pMuma'0D ? ajrmufeef;cift?d
cifxmG ; ? ajyrif;orD; ? ysO;f rem;rif;orD; ? [Hom0wD a&Tbrdk if;orD; ? "EkjzLrif;orD;
paom rdz&k m;wko
Yd nf wyg;vQif uk,
d v
f yk af wmf armif;rrdH rdz&k m;10-yg;pDudk wm0ef
,l eef;"avhrsm;ukd oifMum; jyoay;&onf/ ,if;eef;"avhrsm;xJwiG f rif;wke;f rif;w
&m;Mu;D \ ,dpk ;D vmaom umrrkeu
f dk ajzazsmufonfh twwfynmvnf; ygonf/
e,fpm; ? NrKd Upm; ? jynfaxmifcsi;f rif;rsm;u orD;awmf qufovmvQif yxrqk;H acgif
olMu;D rdz&k m;Mu;D 1-yg;yg;xH tvSnu
hf styfE
HS eef;"avhrsm;ukd yPmawmfquftaqmif
MumNrKd iw
f iG f oifwef;zGi
hf oif,al ponf/ aqmifMumNrKd if ajzazsmef nf;rsm;ukd vufxyf
avhusuaf ponf/ aqmifMumNrKd i"f avh eef;"avh t,Oftaus; tzG,t
f &m tnKtEJUG
tni;f tajymif;wku
dY dk wwfyeG ,
f Ofaus;vmaomtcgusro
S m yOroH*g,emwif t&Sif
rif;w&m;Mu;D u pdwMf uKd uaf jcawmfwifavh&o
dS nf/
okYd rdz&k m;i,f uk,
d v
f yk af wmf armif;rrsm;tm; aqmifMumNrKd io
f ifwef;ay;&mwGif
yk&yku
d u
f dk q&mukid f ausmif;ok;H pmtkyf tjzpftok;H jyKonf/ xkaYd Mumifh aqmifoMl u;D
rdz&k m;6-yg; wkt
Yd m; wyg;vQif yk&ydu
k f jym; 1-qlpD ay;tyfxm;onf/ yk&ydu
k x
f w
J iG f
o&kyjf yxm;aom uk,
d af e[efxm;twkid ;f oa0rwdr;f wlatmif vkyw
f wf vmatmif
oifMum;ay;&onf/ ntcg rif;Mwm;Mu;D aqmifawmfu;l vmcsed w
f iG f ,if;rdz&k m;i,fu,
dk f
vkyaf wmfwo
Ydk nf a&TMuifpyf yk0gukpd cHk s qif,ifxm;Muonf/
25
cspfpdefvGif
yk&yku
d Ef iS hf yk0g&mZ0if
eef;wGi;f xdyw
f ef;vSsKd U0Suf yk&yku
d jf ym;ESihf a&TMuifpyf yk0gjym;rSm bk;d awmfb&k m;tm;
w&kwo
f H trwfvrd u
f w&kwrf if;orD;ESihf y@mawmfrsm; qufo&mwGif yg0ifaomy@m
vufaqmifwck jzpfonf/ bk;d awmfb&k m;tm; w&kwo
f v
H rd w
f u
Ydk qufopOfu yk&yku
d f
jym; 3-qludk w&kwaf &Teef;qufvufo;Hk aom yk&yku
d rf sm;jzpfaMumif; avQmufwif quf
ojcif; jzpfonf/ aemufymG ; yk&yku
d rf sm;rSm ,if;3-qlrS yGm;,ljcif; jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;
jzifh jrefrmrI jyKvu
dk jf cif; jzpfonf/
yk&yku
d rf sm;taMumif;ukd rMumao;rSu
D uHompdr;f vJah qG;aEG;yGw
J iG f ygarmua'guf
wmoef;xGe;f u wifjycJo
h nf[k od&onf/ a'gufwmoef;xGe;f xHwiG f yk&yku
d rf sKd ; 1ql&o
dS nf[v
k nf; od&onf/ ,if;yk&yku
d rf mS 24-ykH ygaom yk&ydu
k f jzpfonf/ rEav;rS
trnfrazmfvadk om yk*K v
d w
f OD;xHwiG f 37-ykH ygaom yk&yku
d rf sKd ; &Sad o;onf[k od&
onf/ ,if;yk&yku
d jf ym;rsm;ESihf a&TMuifcyf yk0grsm;rSm uke;f abmifrif;qufonf Orwu
csppf ed v
f iG f
olonf vGecf ahJ om 10-ESpcf efu
Y yif r*Zif; ? owif;pmrsm;wGif 0wKwdk aqmif;yg;
rsm;ukd MuKd ;Mum; MuKd ;Mum;a&;om;vmol jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh jr0wD ? aiGwm&D ? aoG;
aomufEiS hf [Hom0wD owif;pmwkw
Yd iG f a&;cJo
h nf/ vGecf ahJ om 3-4 ESpcf efu
Y p jrefrm
rIaqmif;yg;rsm;ukd qufwu
dk af &;om;cJo
h nf/ jrefrm,Ofaus;rI\ ajcukwpf cef;jzpfaom
rEav;om;vnf;jzpf ? pl;prf;aom 0oDvnf;&Sd ? jrefrmrI wdraf umoGm;rnfuv
dk nf; pk;d
&draf eoljzpf&m jrefrmrI aqmif;yg;pmwrf;rsm;uko
d m tpOfwpku
d f a&;vmoljzpfonf/
odovkv
d kd &Sad omfvnf; qpfyidk ;f ar;vku
d af omtcg tajctjrpfEiS hf &Si;f jywwfaom
ukvm;wuf ? xef; ? vSJ paom jrefrmrIwu
Ydk dk tyifyef;cH tukeu
f scjH y;D oJMu;D rJMu;D vku
d f
pm; rSww
f rf;wifaeol jzpfonf/ jrefrmjynf &kyjf ytbd"mef jzpfajrmufa&;wGif wwyf
wtm; r[kwaf pumrl wwkw
Yd qdwrf Q yg0ifvQif yg0if&ayap[k apwemxm;aeoljzpf
onf/
26
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
tmoDo
waeYwiG f rajrm v
f ifb
h J uke;f abmifquf &mZ0iftaMumif; pum;pyfr&d mrS olonf
OD;cJ\jrpfjzpfaMumif; ? OD;cJ\ ayyk&yku
d f rSww
f rf;rsm; olUxHwiG f &Sad eao;aMumif; od&
onft
h jyif aqmifMumNrKd irf w
S w
f rf;taMumif;ukyd gajymjy&m uGseaf wmfrh mS tHMh ooGm;onf/
ausmif;oufwavQmufv;Hk oifvmcJ&h aom &mZ0ifwiG f rygonft
h csuaf wGudk wai;w
arm em;axmif&onf/
xkt
d cg uke;f abmifquf t&Iyaf wmfyaHk wGuydk g odygvsuEf iS hf jrK x
H m;aom q&mwkt
Yd m;
pdwu
f u
G v
f mrdygonf/ xkad Mumifh aqmifMumNrKd if rSww
f rf;ukd trku
d cf
H a&;&ef csppf ed f
vGit
f m; uGseaf wmfu em;csonf/ vdrk S trku
d cf
H q&mhq&mMu;D wkYd jrKx
H m;aom &m
Z0ifjrK yu
f u
G u
f dk aywapmif pmwtkyt
f jzpf rSww
f rf;wif rxm;bl;qkyd gu aemifwacwf
wGif tp&Smr&atmif jzpfomG ;awmhrnf jzpfaMumif;/
ya'o&mZfpeH pf\ ykyaf [mif;aom temaqG;rsm;ukv
d nf; ca&aph wGi;f us odEiS &hf
awmhrnf r[kwaf Mumif;ukd aemufq;Hk wGif csppf ed v
f iG u
f oabmaygufvufcv
H mygonf/
xkaYd emuf MuaH zmfMuzH uf 2-a,muf rku
d af zmfn
dS pmtkyw
f tkyjf zpfatmif MuKd ;pm;xkwf
rnf[k qk;H jzwfvu
dk Mf uygonf/
csppf ed v
f iG Ef iS hf uGseaf wmf\ &nf&,
G cf surf mS t&if;&Sif ya'o&mZfwYdk o&kyyf suaf tmif
vkycf o
hJ nfh t&mrsm;teuf &mZ0ifrmS o&kyt
f ysuq
f ;Hk jzpfonf} [k t*Fvyd af 0zefa&;
orm; aumh'0f v
J u
f ajymcJo
h nft
h wkid ;f q&mhq&m ynmausmMf u;D wkYd rSww
f rf;wifco
hJ nfh
&mZ0if o&kyyf suu
f dk e*kyd uwdtwkid ;f jzpfvmap&efom jzpfygaMumif;/
armifausmufwidk f
oajyuke;f
(26-5-67)
27
cspfpdefvGif
28
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
ukd jrifygonf/
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ; wm0ef&u
G &f aom taqmifawmf usn&hf iS w
f cH g;tausmf xk;d uGi;f rSiaf Mumif
ay:oGm;onfudk aiGva&mifatmufwiG f xif;xif; awGUygonf Adv
k rf if;}}
]] [,f iatmifcif aocsmatmif eifq0dk &hH UJ vm; ? tckaum onftysKd awmf b,frmS
&Sdy}}
]] Akv
d rf if; tjypfay;&ifvJ cH&r,fy ? 'Dtaqmif wHcg;0u uGseaf wmfrsKd ; wz0g;rSra&TU
ao; 'DtaqmifwiG ;f &S&d rnfyg}} iatmifcifvnf; wD;wk;d avoHjzifh ajym&if;taqmif
awmfwiG ;f okYd ar;aigh rsu&f yd jf yygavonf/
a&S;eef;wGi;f taqmifrsm;0ifvQif wHcg;pnf; tjzpfjzifh wawmifavmuf wHcg;ajccsKyf
twm;rsm;ukd ausm0f if&onf/ rEav;eef;wGi;f 0ifa&muf Munfb
h ;l olrsm; odygonf/
(xrD0wfqif&olwrYdk mS xkw
d cH g;rsm; ausm0f if&wkid ;f &ifcx
GJ rD rsm;jzpf waygifay:avh
&Syd gonf/ pma&;ol ) uzk;d nTev
Yf nf; rpOf;pm;wwfatmif &Sad eojzifh iatmifcif ajym
qkcd suf rSef rrSef od&&dS ef tcsed t
f awmfMum apmifq
h idk ;f Munfrh yd gonf/
xd;k uGi;f rSiaf Mumif ay:oGm;onfqadk om tysKd awmfrmS xGurf vmyg/ rk;d vif;cgeD;a&muf
avawmhrS wjcm;wm0ef&o
dS rl sm; ayghavsmrh I &Sd r&Sd vku
d v
f H ppfaq;&rnft
h wGuf xkt
d
aqmifawmfrS xGucf mG cJ&h ayonf/
tdyfzefawmfom;rsm;rS ty awmifaqmifawmf ajrmufaqmifawmf if;aemuf
taemufeef;rpOf taemufaqmifawmfww
Ydk iG f a,musmf rsm; 0ifxu
G o
f mG ;vmcGihf r&S&d ay/
ajcuusK;vQif 'l;ukd jzwf&rnf[k trdeaYf wmfrw
S x
f m;onf/ taqmifawmfwiG f xk;d uGi;f
rSiaf oh yg&Sad om tysKd awmf&o
dS nf[k tdyzf efawmfrLS ; uzk;d nTet
Yf zdYk wcgbl;rQ rMum;rdchJ
ay/
xk;d uGi;f rSiaf Mumif xk;d ESjH cif;tvkyrf mS vnf; rdef ;f rrsm;twGuf r[kwyf gay/ rSiaf ohq&m
uk,
d w
f idk u
f vnf; rSiaf ohx;dk ESo
H nfh pkyt
f yfudk toecH xk;d ay;rnf r[kw[
f v
k nf;
uzd;k nTeYf pOf;pm;rdygonf/
uzk;d nTet
Yf aejzifh xk;d uGi;f rSiaf oh jyemaMumifh tawmf pdwaf rmvlarm jzpfaerday
onf/ olonf tdyzf efawmfrLS ; rjzpfrDS ,refEpS q
f u
D uaemiftrd af &SU uk,
d af wmfMu;D \
vlysKd awmfom; wa,muf jzpfcyhJ gonf/ b0&Sif rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvdak wmft& rif;
nDrif;om;rsm; xHyg;cpm;ae&aom vlysKd awmfom;rsm;ESihf ol\ eef;awmfMu;D rS vlysKd awmf
om;rsm;yg pkpak ygif; ig;usyd Ef iS hf taqmif&eef;OD; rdz&k m;Mu;D wkx
Yd H cpm;ol tysKd awmfig;
usyd w
f u
Ydk dk wjyKid w
f nf; vufxyfr*FvmyGJ usi;f yay;cJo
h nf/
xko
d v
Ydk ufxyfyw
JG iG f yg0ifc&hJ olrsm;udk wef&mwef&m &mxl;&mcHrsm; ay;tyfcyhJ gonf/
xkid g;usyd x
f w
J iG yf g0ifco
hJ nfh uzk;d nTerYf mS tdraf &SUOy&mZm uaemifu,
dk af wmfMu;D \vuf
pGjJ zpf bke;f awmfMu;D bk&m; ,kMH unfawmfro
l jzifh tdyf zf efawmfrLS ;tjzpf ajrm ufpm;cJjh cif;
30
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
jzpfygonf/
uzk;d nTerYf mS r[maoG; r[mEG,rf uif;aom rif;aqGp;dk rsKd ;wa,muf r[kw&f ;dk rSeaf omf
vnf; eef;awmfMu;D ESihf eD;pyfojl zpf eef;wGi;f wGif 10-ESpo
f m;b0uwnf;u oli,fawmf
om;uav;tjzpf trIawmfudk xrf;cJb
h ;l ygonf/
oli,fawmf xrf;aqmif&onfh wm0efqo
dk nfrmS rdz&k m; taqmifawmftwGi;f &So
d nf?
rde;f rrsm;ESihf rtyfpyfaom 0w&m;rsm;ukd xrf;&Gu&f ef jzpfygonf/ oli,fawmfrsm;ukd
rdz&k m;taqmifawmfrsm;wGif trIxrf;ckid ;f &eftwGuf eef;ok;H q&mMu;D rsm;xHtyfE
HS &wk
qked nf; ? &uefqedk nf; ? MuKd ; ? bJUG ? ,k;d ',m; ? abmv,f ? aw;xyf ponfwu
Ydk dk pepf
wus oifMum;ay;ygonf/
tpte&So
d rl sm;jzpfcv
hJ Qif oli,fawmfuav;rsm;ESit
hf yfpyfrnf[k eef;ok;H q&mMu;D rsm;
,kMH unfpw
d cf s&aom wl&,
d mrsKd ; 5-yg;(aMu; ? MuKd ; ? om;a& ? av ? vufcyk f )xJrS
tenf;qk;H wyg;awmh oifMum;ay;ygavonf/ ajzazsm&f ef toifah vsmq
f ;Hk [k xif&aom
apmif;wD; ? ywvm;wD; paom wl&,
d mrsKd ;wku
Yd dk oifMum;ay;ygonf/ tajymtqkd tae
txdik rf pS eef;wGi;f tok;H tEIe;f rsm;ukd oifjyay;ygonf/
xkyd nm&yfrsm; wwfajrmufjy;D olrsm;onf rdz&k m;taqmifrsm;wGif &Sijf yKcsed f 14-ESpf
t&G,cf efrY Qtxdom trIawmfxrf;ap&ygonf/ xkt
d ouft&G,x
f ufy
dk rdz&k m;taqmif
rsm;wGif trIawmfxrf;&Gucf iG hf r&Muawmhyg/
xkb
d 0rsm;rS ae tdyzf efawmfrLS ;&mxl;txd wk;d wufvmcJah om uzd;k nTet
Yf zdYk eef;
awmfMu;D ESihf eef;wGi;f taMumif; twGi;f od tpif;od od&o
dS jl zpfygonf/ xD;ok;H eef;ok;H
enf;xk;H aygif;pku
H dk EIwif &Hk olyif jzpfygonf/ eef;wGi;f wGif tifrwef pnf;urf;Mu;D ykw
H u
Ydk dk
vnf; pOf;pm;&if; owd&vmygavonf/
ta&SUawmfMu;D ? taemufawmfMu;D [l 2-ykifd ;f &Syd gavonf/ ta&SUawmfMu;D qko
d nf
b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ESio
hf m qkid
f toQief ef;rawmf rdz&k m;acgifMu;D bk&m;wyg;
om tcsed rf a&T; 0ifciG x
hf u
G cf iG hf &Syd gavonf/ wenf;qk&d ygvQif ta&SUawmfMu;D ukd bke;f
awmfMu;D bk&m;Mu;D pk;d onht
f wGuf a,musmf ;rsm;ESio
hf m qkid yf gonf/
taemufawmfMu;D rSm t&Sirf zd &k m;acgifMu;D (t*ra[oD pMuma'0D awmifeef;pHrzd &k m;)
pk;d ykid af omaMumifh rde;f rrsm;ESio
hf m oufqidk
f a,musmf ;rsm; r0ifrxGu&f yg/ rdz&k m; ?
rif;rde;f rrsm;ESihf oufqidk af om taemuf0ef(rde;f rpd;k ) taemuf0ef trIxrf; t&mxrf;
rsm;yif taMumif;xl;r&Sb
d rJ 0ifxu
G &f yg/ tdyzf efawmfom;rsm;ESihf tdyzf efawmfrLS ;rsm;tp
&Sad om vkjH cKaH &;wm0ef xrf;aqmifae&olrsm;yif taqmifawmfwiG ;f okYd vk;H 0 0ifciG rhf &Sd
yg/
]]ajcuusL;vQif 'l;jzwf}} trdeaYf wmfjrwf rSw
f wm;jrpf ydwyf ifxm;onfh ae&mwGif
awGU&ygonfqadk om xk;d rSiaf Mumif jyemaMumifh uzd;k nTerYf mS rnfuo
YJ Ydk jyKvyk af qmif
31
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
rxGurf b
l J cpm;vsuEf iS hf &Sad eygonf/
rdz&k m;Mu;D rsm; cpm;avQmufxm; ta&;qko
d rsm; tMum;rS b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
onf wa,mufx;D xD; cpm;awmfral eaom tdraf wmfyg vufpaJG wmfMu;D OD;a&TarmifMu;D
tm; awGU&So
d wdcsyrf ad wmfro
l jzif.h ..
]]tvk.d ..yifwvJpm; vufpaJG wmfMu;D ia&TarmifMu;D ygvm; / 0daooxl;[ef&o
dS y/
tcpm;awmfx;l onft
h aMumif; t&mukd wifavQmufciG hf &Sad p armifrif;}}
b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ rdeaYf wmfro
l H Mum;Mu&aom taqmif&eef;&rdz&k m;Mu;D
csKyw
f rYdk mS wkid yf ifxm;bdouJo
h Ydk yifwvJpm;Mu;D OD;a&TarmifMu;D &S&d mokYd wjyKid w
f nf;acgif;
iJMh unfMh uygavonf/ tcsKd Uaom rdz&k m;Mu;D rsm;\ rsurf mefawmf t0ifch aH umif;cH &rnf
ukd OD;a&TarmifMu;D odvifu
h pm;....
]]rSev
f yS g ? b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;....ESpu
f ,
dk af wmfwidk Mf um; avQmufwifawmf
rl&ef taMumif;&Syd gojzifh uGseaf wmfrsKd ; ihv
Hh ifv
h su&f adS eaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]tdr;f ? xl;onfqo
dk nfy ? ightm;wifavQmufrnfh ta&;tcif;twGuf yef;ckaH wmfrS
apmifah p iarmifMu;D }}
]]Asm'dwaf wmfjrwf twkid ;f ygbk&m;}} [k OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; jyefvnfavQmufxm;&if;
yef;ckaH wmfaqmifoYdk OD;wnfxu
G v
f rS ;f oGm;ygavonf/(yef;ckaH wmf taqmuftOD;rSm tkwf
jzifh aqmufvyk x
f m;jy;D rif;wke;f rif;Mu;D bk&m; tem;,lonft
h cgESihf txl;ovnf udp
rsm;wkid yf ifv&dk mrsm;&Sv
d Qif if;yef;ckaH wmftw
k w
f u
dk t
f wGi;f wkid yf ifavh&ydS gonf/)
yef;ckaH wmf cef;raqmif&dS ovGeaf wmfeaH b;&Sd xkid ef m;&mrS apmif;qkid ;f rMumrSu
D m
vtwGi;f b0&Sirf if;wke;f rif;w&m;Mu;D uk,
d af wmfx;D xD; <ucsaD wmfrv
l m ovGeaf nmif
apmif;ay: xkid af wmfr&l if; ....
]]vufo;Hk awmfMu;D iarmifMu;D ? wifvo
dk rQ wifziYdk gcGijhf yKoAs}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? bke;f awmfMu;D jrwfawmfrv
l aS om rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ opfqrd rhf zd &k m;t
aqmifawmfwiG f ,refaeYnykid ;f aygifay:wGif xk;d uGi;f rSiaf Mumifyg&Sad om eef;wGi;f tysKd
awmftoGif 0wfqifxm;ol wOD; usL;ausmaf wmfral Mumif;ygbk&m;}}
OD;a&TarmifMu;D wifavQmufoH Mum;em&jy;D rsuEf mS awmf romr,mjzpfomG ;vsuf t
cku
d t
f wefY qdwjf ird o
f mG ;&mrS....
]]b,fyeHk nf;od&onfy ? bmjyKrw
YJ ygwnf;aESmifMuKd ;wnf;jy;D a&SUawmfroGi;f cJo
h enf;/
iarmifMuD;&JU}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? tdyzf efawmfrLS ; izk;d nTe\
Yf tdyzf efawmfom; iatmifcifqo
dk ol tdyzf ef
awmf0efxrf;&Guq
f J nOfo
h ef;acgif rwkid rf DS wA[d&k t
f vdk xkt
d ysKd awmf toGi0f wfqifxm;
onfo
h rl mS taqmifawmf0if usn;f &Sif wHcg;tausmf waygifay: xk;d uGi;f rSiaf ohawGU
&aMumif; wifavQmufay;yg&ef tdyzf efawmfrLS ;u eHeufnv
D mcHrprD tvmawmf&adS Mumif;
35
ygbk&m;}}
]]'Dvjdk zifh iguk,
d af wmfjrwf trdeaYf wmfeYJ 'Drzd &k m; ay;&jy;D om; taqmifteef;wku
Yd dk
odr;f &kw
f tdref rd phf x
H m;ap ? ppfar;jy;D usL;ausmo
f oludk zrf;qD; ? tm;ay;ool ? tnD
tulyo
hH l ? tquftEG,0f ifool tm;vk;H uGyrf suaf p}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; trdeaYf wmfrw
S
f xkt
d rIudk yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D OD;a&Tarmif
Mu;D tm; tmPmuket
f yfEiS ;f vsuf rsuEf mS awmf vGo
J mG ;ygawmhonf/ okjYd zpf OD;a&Tarmif
Mu;D rSm trdeaYf wmfuo
dk ;Hk vsuf NrKd Uawmf0efudk jAw
J u
dk af wmfoYdk aqmvsipf mG vma&muf&ef
qifah c:vku
d yf gonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; jAw
J u
dk af wmfoYdk oGm;a&mufjy;D aemuf tdyzf efawmfrLS ;ESihf
twl tdyzf efawmfom; iatmifcifuydk g vma&muf&ef ajcjrefawmf vTwjf yefygonf/ r
MumrSt
D wGi;f a&SUqifah emufqifq
h o
dk vkd tdyzf efawmfrLS ; ? NrKd U0efrif;ESihf tdyzf efawmfom;
iatmifcifwyYdk g qku
d af &mufvmMuygonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D ukd bk&ifrif;jrwfu opfqrd rhf zd &k m;ESihf ywfouforQupd u
dk tmPmukef
tyfEiS ;f rsuEf mS awmfvo
JT mG ;awmfral omaMumifh rnfuo
hJ Ydk jyKvyk af qmif&u
G &f rnf jzpf
aMumif;wku
Yd dk jrKd Uawmf0efrif;tm; tMut
H Pfawmif;vk
d trdeaYf wmfuo
dk ;Hk qifah c:
&jcif;jzpfaMumif; OD;a&TarmifMu;D u &Si;f vif;jyygonf/
]]yifwvJpm;Mu;D &JU ? 'Dtwkid ;f qkv
d Qijf zifh usKyw
f t
dYk aeeJY opfqrd rhf zd &k m;Mu;D xH t&if
oGm;Mu&r,f/ 'Dudpukd tdyfzefawmfrSL;u ukd,fwkdifukd,fus jrifool iatmifcifom
usKyw
f EYdk iS t
hf wl yg;vku
d &f if jzpfonfy}}
]]tdr;f .... aumif;oAsm; ? 'grSvJ usKyw
f Ydk rdz&k m;Mu;D xHrS ay;&jy;D om; taqmift
eef;wkYd &kwo
f rd ;f rdev
Yf J aqmif&u
G jf y;D jzpfraygh ? b,fob
l ,f0g&,fvv
Ydk J ppfar;awmfrMl u
omy}}
]] 'Dvjdk zpf&if usKyv
f uf&;Hk aoG;aomufarmifaygufudk wyfpw
d w
f ckeYJ usL;ausmo
f u
l dk
t&trdzrf;qD;jy;D tEG,t
f cifawGuv
dk J csKyaf ESmifzYdk pDpOfyr,f ? yifwvJpm;Mu;D om opf
qdrrhf zd &k m;Mu;D taqmifomG ;ESio
hf nfy}}[k ajymqkrd mS xm;jy;D NrKd U0efrif;vnf; jAw
J u
dk af wmf
rS jrif;ukd taomhEiS ;f um ol\vuf&;Hk aoG;aomufMu;D armifaygufudk trIupd p &D if&efap
ckid ;f zkYd tdraf wmfoYdk ta&mufjyefygavawmhonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D ESihf iatmifcifyg wyfom; tcsKUd ac:,lvsuf taemufawmfMu;D rS opf
q
d rd rhf zd &k m; taqmifawmfoYdk oGm;Muygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMu;D wkYd vlou
dk af &mufonf qkv
d Qif
yif cpm;vsuf &Sad om rdz&k m;Mu;D \ tysKd awmfwodu
k rf mS vIyv
f yI &f mS ;&Sm; jzpfomG ;ygav
onf/ opfqrd rhf zd &k m;rSmvnf; rsuEf mS awmfysuyf suEf iS .hf ...
]]yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D &JU ? b,fvt
dk aMumif; ta&;twGuef YJ 'Dudk vm&onfv}J }
]]rSev
f yS g ? b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ trdeaYf wmfudk OD;xdy&f u
G yf efvsuf t&Sio
f pf
36
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
qdrfh rdz&k m;Mu;D ukd tyfEiS ;f cs;D jri ahf wmfral om taqmifteef;wku
Yd ydk g &kwo
f rd ;f &ygrnf
bk&m;}}
opfqrd rhf zd &k m;Mu;D ESiw
hf uG taqmifawmftwGi;f &Sad eMuaom txde;f awmf ? tacsmh
awmf ? tysKd awmfrsm;tm; tHMh oxdwv
f efu
Y ek af yonf/
]]tvkd ? b,foaYdk om taMumif;tjcif;jzifh taqmif teef;wdu
Yk dk odr;f &kwaf wmfrl
aMumif; odprf;y&ap NrKd Upm;Mu;D }}
]]rSev
f yS g ? ajcuusL;vQif 'l;jzwf&ef trdeaYf wmfrw
S x
f m;onfh taqmifwiG ;f okYd xk;d
uGi;f rSiaf Mumifyg&So
d t
l ysKd awmftwkEiS Mhf unfjzLawmfral Mumif; b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
Mum;odawmfrl trsufawmf&Sygojzifh ay;&jyD;om; taqmifteef;wkdYukd &kwfodrf;
tdref rfd phf t
H jzpfoYdk xm;&S&d ygrnf[k trdeaYf wmfrw
S yf gonf/ usL;ausmo
f u
l v
dk nf; ay;tyf
&rnfyg}}
yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D \ trdepYf um;ukd Mum;Mu&aom oltaygif;wkrYd mS vIyv
f yI &f &G EG iS hf
wa,mufrsuEf mS wa,mufMunfjh y;D wdwq
f w
d af eMuygonf/
xkt
d cdu
k 0f ,f NrKd Uawmf0efMu;D ESihf ol\vuf&;Hk aoG;aomufMu;D wkYd taqmifawmftwGi;f
0ifa&mufvmMujyD;aemuf....
]]yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D Asm;.... b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ trdeaYf wmfudk rdz&k m;Mu;D
tm; yefMum;jyD;awmfrlygp....}}
]][kwo
f nfy....onfEh ,
S af Mumifh usKyw
f v
Ydk m&jcif;ayy....}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? 'Dvt
dk a&;tcif;twGuf uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D vufoYdk usL;ausmo
f u
l dk ay;tyf
awmfryl g ? &Sirf zd &k m;Mu;D bk&m;}}
twefMumwdwq
f w
d af eMujyefygonf/ tysKd awmfwcsKd U\&Iu
d o
f o
H o
hJ o
hJ m cef;raqmif
twGi;f rS vIy&f mS ;oHtjzpf xGuaf y:vmaeygonf/ NrKd U0efrif;uyif qufvufjy;D ]]t&Sif
rdz&k m;Mu;D ? uGseaf wmfrsKd ;wkYd vuf0,foYdk usK;ausmo
f l ray;rtyf&adS Mumif; b0&Sirf if;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tem;awmf aygufMum;awmfryl gvQif rdz&k m;Mu;D toufawmfyif pd;k &dr&f
aMumif;yg bk&m;}}
]]iarmifMu;D vuf0,foYdk toQirf zd &k m;Mu;D taejzifh usL;ausmo
f l ray;rtyfcyhJ gvQif
trdeaYf wmfjrwftwkid ;f taqmifawmftwGi;f aeYnr[lcpm;ool txde;f t&mESihf tacsmh
awmftysKd awmfrsm;tm;vk;H aordeYf ao'Pf rSw
f uGyrf sujf cif; cH&rnfjzpfaMumif;yg}}
OD;a&TarmifMu;D pum;tqk;H wGif opfqrd rhf zd &k m;Mu;D rSm raeomawmhbJ ]]txde;f rrrsm;
ESihf tacsmah wmf tysKd rsm;ESihf rywfowfapcsiyf g ? usL;ausmo
f olrmS NrKd Uajrmufjyif a*goD
wm&mrausmif;wku
d rf S q&mawmfMu;D \ wynfo
h m;armifjrwfpH jzpfoy NrKd Upm;rif;Mu;D wk}Yd }
]]rdz&k m;Mu;D rdeq
Yf cdk sut
f Mum; twkid ;f ausmif;xkid q
f &mawmfb&k m;Mu;D wynfo
h m;jzpf
aeonfaMumifh b,fojYdk yK&tHh ? yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D Asm;....}}
37
]]usKyw
f Ydk 0efrif;wko
Yd nf b0&Sirf zd &k m;bk&m;\ trdeaYf wmfudk OD;xdy&f u
G yf ef rvGeq
f ef
0HMh uyg ? rnfoyl if jzpfygap ? tEG,t
f cifwu
dYk dk ukepf ifatmif ppfar; &Si;f vif;ay;&rnf
y}}
rdz&k m;Mu;D ESihf tysKd awmf ? tacsmah wmfw\
Ydk &Iu
d if o
dk w
H rYdk mS wjznf;jznf;ESihf wk;d &mrS
us,u
f s,&f mrS qlno
H H xGuv
f mygawmhonf/ okEYd iS hf NrKd Uawmf0efrif;vnf; vuf&;Hk aoG;
aomufMu;D okYd vSn
hf ....
]]aoG;aomufMu;D tr&|meD&yf&adS om a*goDwm&mrwku
d o
f o
Ykd mG ; oDwif;ok;H aeaom
&[ef;omraP ? uy,
d ausmif;om;yg ruseaf p& / usL;ausmo
f l ijrwfpH tquftoG,f
&if;oolrsm;&Su
d &[ef;&Siv
f rl a&T; tjrefq;Hk zrf;qD;axmifoiG ;f tusO;f tcsKyx
f m;jyefyg
av}}[k NrKd Uawmf0efrif; trdeaYf y;jy;D aemuf aoG;aomufMu;D vnf; taqmifawmftwGi;f
rS xGucf mG oGm;ygawmhonf/
rdz&k m;Mu;D vnf; pHawmfr&l m ovGex
f ufryS if txde;f awmfMu;D tm; ]]rrcifzmG ;jrpf ?t
aqmifawmfwiG ;f rS b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ cs;D jri ahf y;oem;xm;aom rdz&k m;wkEYd iS hf
tyfpyfyidk q
f idk af om ypn;f rsm;ukd yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D vuf0,foYdk pm&if;ESihf wuG vuf
a&muftyfEHS qufoy}}
]]txde;f awmfMu;D cifzmG ;jrpfuyif ]rSev
f yS g ? ocifrbk&m; taqmif&eef;&wkYd ykid q
f idk f
tyfaom ypn;f rsm;uko
d m qkv
d &dk if;jzpfygvQif t&Sirf zk&m; ykid q
f idk af om ypn;f trsm;
use&f ySd gvdrf rhf nf/ b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; qkawmfcsxm; ay;oem; &xm;awmfral om
a&T ? aiG ? &wem b@mypn;f rsm;ukd rnfuo
hJ Ydk jyKjyifp&D if&rnfudk rdeaYf wmfryl gbk&m;}}
]]rrcifzmG ;jrpf&,f.... rzk&m;rSm trsuaf wmf&v
S Ydk rsuEf mS awmfrvS jzpfaeorQ
a&T ? aiG ? b@mOpm ypn;f rsm;onf yokrYd Q awmifw
h rufarmzG,f r&Syd g/ rif;Mu;D vuf
0,fom tyfEyHS }}
rdz&k m;Mu;D trdeaYf wmfpum; tqk;H yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D onf *&kPmoufomG ;rdygav
onf/ rdz&k m;Mu;D [kom ynwfowfrw
S x
f m;aomfvnf; olo
Y rD;&G,f vkrH av;om&krH Q &Sd
ao;aom Eke,fysKd &,
G o
f w
l Ydk arSmufrmS ;wwfaomoabmukd &dypf m;rnfonfaMumifh rouf
qkid af omypn;f b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D twGurf [kwaf Mumif;ukd ]]txde;f awmfMu;D avQmuf
wifcsuo
f nf oifjh rwfvyS gayonf/ usKyu
f v
kd uf0,foYdk tyfE&HS ef trdeaYf wmfyg&So
d nft
h
wkid ;f taqmif& eef;&pOfu yg0ifaom ypn;f rsm;om oufqidk rf nfy/ a&ToifjzL; ? aiG
oifjzL; ? a&TurG ;f tkyf ? a&Ta&waumif; ? a&Tu&m; ? a&Tzvm; ? a&Tuvmyf ? a&TaxG;cH
paom rif;rdz&k m;wkYd ukid &f aqmif&onfwo
Ydk m jzpfygrnf}}
NrKd U0efrif;uvnf; ]]OD;a&TarmifMu;D ajymMum;csuf oifjh rwf rSeu
f efvaS yonfy ?usKyf
taejzifh usL;ausmEf iS hf tnDtul jyKool trSe&f &Sad p&ef wm0efuse&f adS o;ordYk axmuf
vSr;f c&D; quf&OD;rnfy}}
38
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
]]usKyu
f ,
dk w
f idk f ijrwfpu
H dk ppfrnfy ? uset
f EG,t
f cifrsm;ukad wmh aoG;aomufMu;D
uk,
d w
f idk f rnfuo
YJ Ydk ulyo
hH nf tm;ay;tm;,l jyKonfudk ususpyd pf yd f ppfaq;ygbd ?rqkid f
ool tjypfr,lygapESihf aoG;aomufMu;D }}
]]ijrwfpu
H dk axmifoiG ;f tusO;f csxm;&So
d nfjzpf NrKd U0efrif; ppfaq;vkyd gu rnfonfh
ae&m ac:aqmifvmcJ&h rnfudk rdeaYf wmfryl ? nnDvmcHtrSD wif&rnfqydk gu tcsed af wmf
enf;vSayujyD NrKd U0efrif;}}
]]tdr;f ? [kwaf yoAsKd U/}}
]]usKyw
f rYdk vJ 'Dta&;udp awG;ae&ordYk aeawmiftawmf usvmyjy/D aoG;aomuf
Mu;D vnf; trIawmf vk;H yrf;ae&orkYd ,aeYwmtzkYd ? em;aey/ usKy[
f musKyyf J pD;awmfjrif;
eJY axmifcsKyu
f dk oGm;ppfaq;rAsm/}}
aoG;aomufMu;D vnf; NrKd UjyifwiG f aexkid o
f l jzpfojzifh av;csuw
f ;D trSjD yefxu
G &f ay
rnf/ (naeae0ifcsed f ta&SUbuf&edS m&DpifrS Mu;D rm;aom armif;Mu;D ukw
d ;D tcsuaf y;
onf/ av;csuw
f ;D aomtcg eef;awmfwcH g;rsm; tm;vk;H ydwaf wmhonf/ pma&;ol) NrKd U0ef
rif;tm; Elwq
f uf aoG;aomufMu;D jyefaomtcg NrKd U0efrif;vnf; aZmif;wGi;f rS pD;awmf
jrif;ukd uGse,
f aHk wmfz;dk oefu
Y dk uke;f ES;D wifcidk ;f vku
d &f if; twGi;f awmfoaYdk cw0ifa&mufomG ;
ygonf/
]]tvk.d ...tysKd awmf cifxm;eJY cifzek ;f wkyYd guvm;/}}
]]b,fvdk 0daooxl;eJY vmMuovJ trdw&Ydk ,f}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? NrKd U0efrif;ukd oufyefrzd &k m;Mu;D eJY uGseaf wmfrsKd ;r&JU xdypf b
k &k m;(o&pde;f rd
zk&m;Mu;D )wku
Yd tac:awmf &Sv
d u
dk af Mumif;yg ? eifwu
Ydk ,
fdk w
f idk o
f mG ;jy;D wifyacs&r,fqo
dk
rkYd vmcJ&h onfy ? NrKd U0efuawmf rrMu;D bk&m;}}
]]&Syd ? &Syd / vkcH av;wkb
Yd b tckwif pD;awmfjrif; toifu
h ek ;f ES;D wifcidk ;f &if; twGi;f
aqmifbuf 0ifomG ;ygw,f}}
rMumrDS xGuv
f maom NrKd U0efrif;onf eef;wGi;f wefc;dk xufaom rdz&k m;Mu;D rsm;\
tysKd awmfMu;D rsm;udk awGU&] b,fvt
dk aMumif;y trdwaYdk &
a&Teef;awmfMu;D ur
vmpbl; tvmxl;onfrYdk opfqrd rhf zd &k m;Mu;D taMumif; penf;emvmMuavovm;}}
o&pde;f rdz&k m;Mu;D tysKd awmfcifzek ;f uyif....
]]rSev
f yS g ? NrKd Uawmf0efrif;ukd uGseaf wmfrsKd ;r&JUt&Sio
f cifrzd &k m;Mu;D ESio
hf ufyefrzd &k m;
Mu;D wku
Yd uk,
d w
f idk u
f ,
dk u
f s oGm;jy;D zdwaf c:acsMubd ? qdrk ed w
Yf t
hJ wGuyf g}}
]]trdwYdk ocifrbk&m;rsm;uko
d m avQmufwifvu
dk yf g/ ckrMum rwifyJ usKy0f ifa&muf
cpm;yr,fqw
dk mukd opfqrd rhf zd &k m;ESihf ywfoufonfh ta&;tcif; jzpfae&ifawmh bke;f
awmfMu;D bk&m; uk,
d af wmfwidk f yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D OD;a&TarmifMu;D ukd ta&;ukev
f t
JT yfxm;
aMumif; trdwYkd ocifb&k m;rsm;ukd wifMuKd avQmufxm;ESihf Muaya&mhu,
G w
f }Ydk }
42
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
]]bmjyKrhJ ajym&onfwek ;f NrKd U0efrif;&JU / ol&Udk vif ol&Udk wifv&dk m wif&if jy;D wmy/
usKyw
f u
Ydk ckid ;f onfu
h sG ef xGeo
f nfEh mG ;ayuyJ}}
NrKd U0efrif;vnf; oabmawGU &,forG ;f aoG;&if;rS....
]]yifwvJpm;Mu;D u tdraf wmfyg vufpaJG wmfMu;D rkYd rdz&k m;awGudk ajymcsif qkcd sio
f nfh
ta&;qkd rde0Yf ahH yr,fh usKyw
f o
Ydk mqk&d if acgif;aysmufvrd rhf Asm;}}
yifwvJNrKd Upm;Mu;D ESihf NrKd U0efrif;wkv
Yd nf; pkpH rf;od&&dS csurf sm; taMumif;ukd twefMum
aqG;aEG;wkid yf ifMuygonf/ rnfuo
hJ Ydk wifavQmufMu&rnfuv
dk nf; nEd idI ;f wkid yf if Muyg
onf/
yifwvJpm;Mu;D taejzifh r[m0do'k g &kaH usmif;wku
d rf (S ta&SUouFe;f ) wdy#d u"&-t*
r[my@dw ? &mZ"d&mZ*k&b
k UJG wHqyd -f emrHawmf& pHuif;q&mawmfb&k m;Mu;D \ wynfh
&[ef;tcsKd UwkYd trIwiG f yg0ifaeonfudk Mum;od& pdwrf aumif; jzpfrad yonf/ a*goD
wm&mrq&mawmfrmS vnf; tusio
hf u
d m ESihf jynfph o
Hk l yk*K v
d t
f ausmf jzpfaMumif; Mum;od
& pdwrf aumif; jzpfryd gavonf/
nnDvmcHobif pwifcsed af pha&mufonfjzpf NrKd U0efMu;D ESpyf g;vnf; a&SUawmfarSmuf
tcpm; a&mufMuygavonf/ nnDvmcHuv
dk nf; rSeef ef;awmf br,moeaqmifcef;wGif
jyKvyk jf rJ jzpfygonf/ rSL;Mu;D rwf&m aoemywd pkn
H cD sed w
f iG f b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;<u
a&mufvmawmfrlayonf/
nDvmcH pwifonfEiS hf wjyKd iw
f nf; b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf yifwvJpm; OD;
a&TarmifMu;D tm; tar;awmf&ydS gavonf/
]][J.h ...iarmifMu;D &JU ? opfqrd rhf zd &k m; ta&;tcif;twGuf axmufvrS ;f &orQ em;
awmfqufprf;}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? bke;f awmfaMumifh tEG,t
f cifrsm; wOD;wa,mufrQ ruse&f avatmif
zrf;qD; csKyfaESmifjyD;aMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]trSeu
f yl o
hH olwu
Ydk dk ppfaq;a&T;cs,
f uGyrf su&f rnfvYdk rdef aYf wmfrjl y;D ujyyD -J ---rqkid f
oolreS o
f rQ tjypfr&Sd uif;vTwMf uapyAsm;/}}
]]tEG,t
f cifwu
Ydk dk zrf;qD;csKyaf ESmif&mwGif usL;ausmo
f rl mS a*goDwm&mrwku
d f q&m
awmfbk&m;MuD; om;wynfh jzpfaeygojzifh q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;tm;vnf; csKyfaESmif
jy;D &Syd gonf/ usL;ausmo
f \
l tEG,t
f cifrsm; tjzpfEiS v
hf nf; r[m0do'k g &kaH usmif;wku
d f
pHuif;q&mawmfb&k m;Mu;D \ wynfo
h m;tcsKUd wkyYd g&Sad eygojzifh rnfuo
hJ Ydk ta&;,ltjypf
ay;&rnfudk trdeaYf wmfrw
S af wmfryl g rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;}}
]]wynfrh aumif; q&mhacgif; ? om;orD;raumif; trdtbacgif; qkb
d o
d Ydk wynfw
h m
0ef q&mwGif &So
d rkYd ighq&myif jzpfvifu
h pm; tjypf&o
dS oludk tjypf ,lawmfral prSom
w&m;rif;ppf {uefjzpfrnfy ? uGyrf surf o
I m jyKyap iarmifMu;D }}
45
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
&mZ*k&b
k UGJ wHqyd af wmf& ok"rmq&mawmfb&k m;Mu;D rsm; jzpfonfh o*FZmq&mawmf
bk&m;Mu;D yif oGm;a&muf arwm &yfccH o
hJ nfudk rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;u qdwq
f w
d af ecJh
onft
h wGuf vufavQmjh yefc&hJ ayonf/
xko
d wif;rsm;wkaYd Mumifh eef;awmftwGi;f MoZmanmif;onfqadk om Aef;armfq&mawmf
&Sr;f uav;uGse;f q&mawmf tp&Sad om q&mawmfMu;D rsm;yif rodusKd ;uGsef jyKaeMuav
onf/ i,f&,
G o
f l ausmif;om; &Sio
f mraPrsm;uko
d m uif;vTwaf pjy;D &[ef;awmf ESpf
usyd f ? omraP av;0wfaMumifajcmuf aygif; ok;H usyd f 30-wdww
d u
Ydk dk uGyrf suo
f w
k o
f if
&ef &ufowfrw
S v
f u
dk yf gawmhonf/
(4)
awmifp,
G f aeuG,v
f Qif owfjzwf&rnfah eY eHeuf tm&kw
H ufcsed w
f iG f ta&SUwHcg;rS
awmifa0S;wacsmif; axmuf q&mawmfMu;D wyg; wHcg;ukd vma&muf awmifa0S;jzifh
acgufygavonf/
wHcg;rSL; tar;tavQmuf&
dS yxra&Tusiq
f &mawmfb&k m; jzpfaMumif; ajymjycsuf
t& raeom0Hah omtaMumif;aMumifh wHcg;rSL;u zGiahf y;vku
d &f ygawmhonf/
eef;awmft0if opfwyfNrKd U&k;d wHcg;eDawmfa&mufjyefaomf a&S;enf;twkid ;f twGi;f awmf
okYd 0ifciG jhf yKvu
dk &f ygonf/ b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pufawmfac:&m rSeef ef;aqmifoYdk
tdyzf efawmfom;rsm; tultnDjzifh a&muf&o
dS mG ;ygavonf/
b0&Sif rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pufawmfac:&m ovGef anmifapmif;ukd awmifa0S;jzifh
acguf Ek;d awmfr&l m rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; pufawmfac:&mrS rsupf zd iG t
hf Munfw
h iG f
yxra&Tusiq
f &mawmfb&k m;Mu;D ukd jrifawmfr
l pufawmfac:&mrS csuw
f jzKwx
f um
a&Tusiq
f &mawmfb&k m;Mu;D ae&mxkid cf if;ay;vsuf OD;csjy;D .....
]]toQib
f &k m; ? rnfoaYdk om ta&;tcif;awmftwGuf ,ckuo
hJ Ykd tm&kPw
f uf<uvm
&ygoenf;bk&m;}}
]]'umawmf rif;w&m;Mu;D twGuf vmcJ&h ygonf/ 'umawmfonf rif;om;b0ESihf
igESit
hf wl &Spd Ofu ightm; omoemh0efudk xrf;aqmif omoemukd apmifah &Smufawmf
rlyg/ bk&m;wynfah wmfvnf; omoemukd jyKpk apmifah &SmufEidk af om rif;tjzpf&atmif
MuKd ;yrf;ygrnf[k ightm; avQmufwifxm;cJo
h nfudk rSwrf yd gao;jyefavmh}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? bk&m;wynfah wmf avQmufxm;csut
f wkid ;f omoemukd jyKpEk idk af omrif;
tjzpf &&Sjd y;D onfah emuf t&Sib
f &k m;ESit
hf wl omoemukd jyKpv
k su&f adS Mumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]tdr;f ....? omoemukd jyKpo
k nfh rif;tjzpf cH,o
l u
l omoemtusKd ; o,fy;dk rnfh
&[ef;awmf oHCmawmfrsm;wku
Yd dk uGyrf su&f ygoavm ? olUtjypfudk uk,
d t
hf jypf abmufrhJ
47
jyK&rnfenf; 'umawmf}}
rif;wke;f rif;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; twefi,f pOf;pm;awmfrjl y;D aemuf avQmufwifvu
dk f
onf/
]]toQib
f &k m; ? bmukd tvk&d ydS goenf;bk&m;}}
]]igtvk&d o
dS nfrmS omoem wk;d wufxeG ;f um;zkyYd if jzpfayonf 'umawmf/ okt
Yd wGuf
omoemjyKprk nfh &[ef;&Siv
f l tm;vk;H ukd vTwaf pvko
d nf 'umawmf}}
]]vTwaf p&ygrnf bk&m;}}
]]vTwaf p&kjH zifh rjy;D ajyEkid af o; 'umawmf / olawmfaumif;wku
Yd jdk ypfrmS ;rdaomtjypf
'umawmfwiG f &Sad eayonf/ okt
Yd wGuf tusO;f cscaH e&aom &[ef;awmftm;vk;H tjypf
rSausacsmatmif wdp0d &dwf ouFe;f rsm;jzifh igha&SUwGif ,ckyif uefawmhygav'umawmf}}
]]rSev
f yS gbk&m; ? ,ckyif vTwaf p qGr;f awmfrsm; auGs;arG; qufuyf wdp0d &dwf
ouFe;f awmfrsm; vSL'gef;ygrnfb&k m;}} [k *wday;&ygavonf/(yxra&Tusiq
f &mawmf
bk&m;Mu;D rSm omoemykid jf zpf tvkad wmfrusvQif rif;w&m;Mu;D ukyd if awmifa0S;awmf
jzifh xk;d wwfonf[k owif;Mu;D aeaom q&mawmfjzpfygonf- pma&;ol)
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; a&Tusiq
f &mawmfb&k m;Mu;D tm; pG,af wmfaqmifwiG f yifh
zdw
f tm&kq
H rG ;f uyfygonf/ qGr;f bke;f ay;aeocku
d f tcsKyt
f usO;f cscH &[ef;awmfrsm;
tm;vk;H ESihf vl0wfaMumifrsm;onf trdeaYf wmfjzifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ESihf q&mawmfb&k m;
Mu;D &S&d mokaYd &muf&v
dS mygavonf/ xkyd *k K v
d w
f u
Ydk dk NrKd U0efMu;D ESpyf g; bD&v
kd n
S ;f jzifyh ifah qmif
ac:vmjcif; jzpfonf/
b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; yxra&Tusio
f moemykid f q&mawmfb&k m;Mu;D tvkd
twkid ;f qGr;f rsm; vkyaf uGs;qufuyfjy;D aemuf wdp0d &dwo
f uFe;f rsm; vSL'gef; tjypfraS us
acsmatmif awmif;yef&ygonf/ xko
Yd nfah emuf oDwif;ok;H &m ausmif;wku
d f toD;oD;t
a&muf vku
d v
f yH aYdk qmifay;vku
d yf gawmhonf/
xkad eYrpS b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ]avSMu;D ay: avSi,fwif yJjh yifuvIy-f vIid ;f u
ykw}f vm&aom ta&;tcif;twGuf rarhravsmEh idk yf J jzpfay:vm&onfh taMumif; t
jcif;t&mwku
Yd dk aMunufpmG tjyefjyeftvSev
f eS f ok;H oyfygonf/ ppfaq; Munfyh gonf/
jzpfco
hJ rQaom tjypfw\
Ydk ZpfjrpftaMumif;ukd csiw
hf u
G af wmfro
l nf/ rdz&k m;wyg; &&Scd H
pm;tyfaom tcGit
hf a&;ESihf tmPmpnf;pdrf OpmESihf rif;csr;f omwku
Yd m; avmuwGif
EIid ;f ,SOw
f yk r&Ekid af vaom avmuDpnf;pdrf csr;f omwkyYd if r[kwyf gvm;/
okaYd yrifh xkt
d &mwkx
Yd uf ckrH ifw,
G w
f m rufarmpGmjzifh toufudk pGe0Yf ahH vmufatmif
jzpfay:vm&onfh tajzwku
Yd m; tb,fenf;/
48
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
xkt
d ajzukd rif;w&m;Mu;D awGUayjy/D
]]igonf a&ajrUS oeif;jynf&h iS rf if; jzpfacs ightvkd &Sad wmfrw
l idk ;f jynfph &Hk onfcsnhf
yif/ igonf Eke,fysKd jrpfqt
J csed f t&G,yf if &Sad eqJyif/ ig\ pGr;f yum;jzifh oif;wkcYd pH m;
vkad om avmuDpnf;pdrf umr*kP&f rufudk Pfawmfzuf ig\rdz&k m;taygif;wkt
Yd m;
tvkad wmf jynf0h apth[
H k MuK;H 0g;awmfrv
l suf i,fusG ev
f ufpaJG wmfMu;D OD;a&TarmifMu;D tm;
]]ighrzd &k m; taqmifeef;okYd iguk,
d af wmfu;l onfh tcsed ef m&D aeY&ufwu
Ydk dk pm&if;zGihf rSwf
wrf;xm;&Sad p/ rdz&k m;wkt
Yd m; wnvQif wyg;us tvSnahf wmf ay;&rnf/ rnfonfrh zd &k m;
taqmifrS pwif rnfonfah eY&uf rnfonft
h aqmifawmf ul;&rnfqadk om tpDtpOf
Z,m;ESiw
hf uG ig\tvkad wmfudk od&jdS y;D aom i,fusG eif armifMu;D u aeYpOf ightm; nnD
vmcHrprSD wifqufap}}[k trdeaYf wmfjrwf rSwv
f u
dk yf gavonf/
jrefrm rif;qufaygif; (186) quf ? aygif; (3000) eD;yg;rQ jrefrm Ekid if aH wmfudk
waumif;NrKd UrS pwifwnfaxmif tkypf ;dk cJah om jrefrmrif; taygif;wdYk uk,
d af &;rSww
f rf;
rsm;ukd &SmazGp;l prf;cJah omfvnf; rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Mu;D rSwyg; (rdz&k m;taqmifawmfu;l
rSww
f rf;) xm;&Scd o
hJ nf[k rMum;bl; rawGUbl;rdyg/
xl;jcm;pGm aqmifawmfu;l rSww
f rf; zGiv
hf pS x
f m;&Scd ahJ om wyg;wnf;aomrif;jzpfonf/
b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pdwaf wmfMunfomaom aeYwaeYwiG f i,fusG eaf wmf vufpJG
awmfMu;D OD;a&TarmifMu;D rSm pum;pyfro
d nfh tjzpfaMumif.h ...
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D apmifah &Smuf xde;f odr;f &awmfral om aqmifawmfu;l rSww
f rf;ukd
emrawmf topfajymif; om;pyfrw
S w
f rf;[k ajymif;vTaJ c:a0:cGihf jyKawmfryl gbk&m;}}[k
em;awmftavQmufwiG f aomufawmfa& a&Tzvm;jzifh a&TarmifMu;D ezl;ukd b0&Sirf if;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m; xkawmfrv
l u
dk
f OD;a&TarmifMu;D ]zk} oGm;ygavonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D \ ezl;awmfMu;D rSm w&ufru 10-&ufrQEiS v
hf nf; rajyaysmufonfudk
jrifMu&aom 0efMu;D rsm; 0efuav;rsm; awGU&Sad r;awmfrMl uaomtcg OD;a&TarmifMu;D u
]]rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ aqmifMumNrKd if rSww
f rf;ta&;tom; csKd U,Gi;f cGswaf csmrf o
d nfudk
tjypfawmf,u
l m a&Tzvm;awmfjzifh txkc&H aomaMumifh ]zk} &jcif;jzpfaMumif; ar;jref;
pkpH rf;olrsm;tm; jyefvnfajymMum;wkid ;f waomaom &,fMuaom[l\/
xkad eY xk&d uf xkt
d csed cf grSp wnvQif waqmifus ul;awmfral om b0&Sirf if;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; 63-yg;rQ&adS om rdz&k m;rsm;u taqmifawmfu;l &ufay; tvSnahf y;
enf;onfudk OD;a&TarmifMu;D tm; qEjyta&;qkMd uygonf/ xkjd yem pwif ay:ayguf
vmonfah emuf thMH obG,f cs;D usL;zG,f r,kMH unfEidk zf ,
G af umif;aom Armhaq;ynm t
pGr;f jzifh rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; rdz&k m;Mu;D taygif;wkt
Yd m; Ekid ef if;pGmxde;f csKyu
f yG u
f J
awmfrcl yhJ w
Hk o
Ydk nf pHwif&avmufatmif ay:aygufcyhJ gonf/
rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ewf&mG vm;awmfrcl sed w
f iG f rdz&k m;aygif;80-(&Spu
f syd w
f w
d )d
49
csppf ed v
f iG f
50
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
&Spd Of uk,
d af wmf\ tom;ta&wkv
Yd nf; pdak jyjynfjh zKd ;ygonf/ ,ck b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D
bk&m;xHawmfyg; uGseaf wmfrsKd ; jyefvnfa&muf&dS cpm;csed w
f iG f uk,
d af wmfb&k m;\ t&nf
taoG;awmfwrYdk mS nK;d avsmv
f su&f o
dS nfudk jrif&rdaMumif;yg bk&m;}}
]]tdr;f ....? [kwaf yoAs/ vGecf w
YJ hJ wvavmufpjy;D iguk,
d af wmfjrwfrmS ESv;Hk wkef
&ifcek af wmfro
l nft
h wGuf orm;awmfMu;D rsm;ESihf wkid yf ifum aq;awmfrsm; pm;ok;H cJah y
rifh roufombl; iarmifMu;D &JU}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ 0efMu;D rsm; jzpfMuaom uif;0efrif;Mu;D ?cef;ywfrif;
Mu;D ?a&Tjynf0efMu;D ?wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D rsm;wku
Yd tMu
H Pfawmfrsm; ray;qufMuaybl;vm;
bk&m;}}
orm;[l;&m;rsm; ay;qufawmfral om aq;awmfrsm; aomufaomfvnf; raysmuf
uif;awmfr
l olwv
Ydk nf; avmuD aA'ifued ;f cef;t& ZD0w
d 'ge ? ,Mwm ? "mwf&u
dk "f mwf
qifpaom bk&m;uk orm;ukrsm;ukv
d nf; taqmif&eef;& rdz&k m;Mu;D rsm;ESihf armif;rrdH
rsm;ESihf wkid yf ifjy;D iguk,
d af wmf t&Sijf rwftwGuf jyKvyk af qmif&u
G Mf uayrifh rxl;jcm;vS
aybl; iarmifMu;D &JU ? odrYk aYdk Mumifh iguk,
d af wmfjrwf eiftcpm; 0ifa&mufcsed x
f d rapmifh
bJ tac:awmf &Sv
d u
dk &f jcif;y}}
]]b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ? aq;awmfqufonft
h xJwiG f bk&m;uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D wdYk
ESihf t&Sit
hf a&;awmf ay:cku
d w
f ek ;f u wku
d af zmfcu
dk zf ufjzpfwhJ jrif;pD;&Jbuf Akv
d af [mif;
orm;awmfMu;D icJ aq;awmfrsm; yg0ifawmfryl g&JUvm;bk&m;}}
]]orm;awmf icJ[m i,f&,
G o
f jl zpfaeorkaYd Mumifh orm;awmfMu;D rsm; qufaomaq;
awmfrsm;om pm;ok;H &ayao;w,f iarmifMu;D &JU ? icJ[m orm;awmftjzpfeYJ trIxrf;
aqmifaeayrifh olaY q;awmfrsm;ukd iguk,
d af wmfwidk f rpm;ok;H bl;ao;orkYd icJtaMumif;
awmh aumif;aumif; rod&ao;bl;y}}
]]rSev
f yS g t&Sib
f &k m; ? pGu
J yfaom a0'emtwGuf icJEiS hf wkid yf if aqmif&u
G cf iG ahf y;
awmfryl g ? ukvm;jzL vlrsKd ;aq;0g;rsm;ESihf ukvm;rnf;vlrsKd ; aq;0g;awmfrsm;vnf;atmuf
jynf'*kw
H iG f aygrsm;vSaMumif;vnf; Mum;bl;rdaMumif;vkYd pk;d &draf ESmif;vkYd aMumifMh uawmf
rl&ef r&Sad Mumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]aumif;ayoAsm ? aumif;ayoAs / 'gayrifh iguk,
d af wmfjrwftaejzifh ukvm;jzLa&m
ukvm;rnf;vlrsKd ;rsm; aq;0g;awGudk rrS0D v
J b
dk ;l iarmifMu;D &JU}}
]]b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ? tvkad wmfus jzpfap&rnfygbk&m;/ ukvm;tjzLtrnf;
wkYd rrS0D v
J v
dk Qif pdew
Yf idk ;f jynfrS orm;awmfMu;D rsm;vnf; &Syd gao;onf/ wkid ;f &if;om;vl
rsKd ; tEG,0f if &Sr;f aq; ,Ge;f aq;awmfrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym; &Sad o; aMumif;ygbk&m; /
uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D uk,
d w
f idk f aq;0dZm ynm&yfrsm;uku
d sG r;f usio
f il cJEiS w
hf idk yf if aq;awmf
rsm; pD&ifEidk af tmif MuKd ;pm;ygrnf b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;}}
55
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
useu
f ,
dk v
f yk af wmf tajrm ifr,m;vnf; trsm;tjym;&Sad Mumif; Mum;&bl;aomfvnf;
a&S;ur,krH Munf&adS omfvnf; ,ckawmh icJvuf0,f wckaumif; &S&d rnf[al omtawG;
wku
Yd tuGset
Yf m; tvkyaf y;aeygawmhonf/
icJEiS hf tuGserYf mS i,faygif;Mu;D azmfrsm; r[kwMf uaomfvnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D ta&;awmf
rSp aotwl &Sirf uGm trIawmf xrf;zufrsm; jzpfMuygavonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
tjrifah &muf&
dS oifah vsmo
f vkd ajrm ufpm;cH&onfh uGse&f if;rSww
f rf;wGif tuGsew
f EYdk pS f
a,mufvnf; yg0ifcahJ yonf/ a&mif;&if;rsm;tjzpf r&St
d wl &St
d wl wpfa,muftrd f wpf
a,muf0ifxu
G f pm;aomufcMhJ uonftxd &if;ES;D cJMh uygavonf/
icJ\ oufxm;tdro
f l r,ftek ;f ckid f ,lvmcJah om a'gif;vef;Mu;D rS xrif;ukd tuGsef
ygvufaq;&if; twlwuG pm;aomufMuygonf/ ig;&Hu
h ifudk ESr;f qD&&TJ q
TJ rf; ? yJejD yKwEf iS hf
bl;csO&f nf[if;wkt
Yd jyif rk;d arQmif &kwo
f ;D axmif;uav;jzifh pm;aomufMuygonf/ vuf
a&wjyifp;D a'gif;vef;Mu;D jzifh t&om&Spd mG pm;ok;H jy;D aemuf icJvnf; tuGseEf iS t
hf wlyif
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;xHawmfoYdk jrif;uk,
d pf D pD;&if;vku
d yf gvmcJyh gonf/ pum;wajymajym
ESihf jrif;ukt
d om;us pD;ESi;f cJ&h m wcPtwGi;f a&Teef;awmfMu;D qDoYdk qku
d af &mufygawmh
onf/
b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; nDvmcHobif r0ifawmhonfrmS ,aeY(4)&ufajrmuf &Sd
jyjD zpfygonf/ rSeef ef;aqmifawmfwiG f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tem;cpm;vsu&f adS om qifjzL
r&Sif rdz&k m;Mu;D ESihf a>c&Hoif;yifrsm;om &Sad ecsed f jzpfygonf/
tuGsew
f v
Ydk nf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ajcawmf&if;wGif 0yfpif;cpm;&if;....
]]rSev
f yS g ? i,fusG e&f if; icJ a&muf&cdS pm;vsu&f adS Mumif;yg rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;}} [k
icJu wifavQmufvu
dk o
f nf/
]]tdr;f ....aumif;oAsm; ? iarmifMu;D eJY twlygvmw,f [kwv
f m;}}
]]bk&m; uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D ukd b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkad wmf&w
dS ,f[k yifwvJ
pm;Mu;D iarmifMu;D qifah c:csut
f & ajcz0g;awmfatmuf tcpm;a&muf&ygonf/ toQif
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkad wmfus vkyaf qmifay;&ef toif&h adS wmfral Mumif; avQmufxm;
0Hhygonfbk&m;}}
]][kwaf yoAsm; ? iguk,
d af wmf use;f cHah wmfrrlvYdk eef;wGi;f orm;[l;&m;rsm; aq;awmf
qufMuvkYd ok;H pGaJ wmfrw
l mvJ rxl;jcm;vSb;l i,fusG eMf u;D / bvJb&Gmpm;eJv
Y J tESyd af wmf
rjywf qufawmfrw
l mvJ rjcm;em;onfudk iarmifMu;D wifavQmufcsuaf Mumifh icJaq;
awmfeYJ prf;oyfvu
dk af wmfro
l Asm}}
]]trdeaYf wmfjrwf twkid ;f ygbk&m; ? temESiahf q; oifah tmifay; aysmufa&; rcufvS
ygbk&m;/ temrod aq;r&So
d vkd jzpfwwf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a0'emawmf cHpm;&ykH
awGudk rdeaYf wmfryl gbk&m;}}
59
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
jrpf ? aq;O pkaqmif;&SmazGzYdk tcsed af wmf ok;H &ufavmufom vkad Mumif; tcGihf awmif;
avQmufxm;ygobk&m;}}
]]&Sad pAsm; ? tcsed af wmf tvk&d o
dS avmuf ,l aq;awmfqufapAsm;/ aq;0g; uko
Ekid af &;twGuf aq;awmf pkaqmif;&ef icJ tvk&d o
dS rQ iarmifMu;D u trdeaYf wmfo;Hk t
ultyHhay;apAsm;}}
trdeaYf wmfjrwfrw
S o
f nfudk tuGsew
f dYk ESpaf ,mufpvk;H wjyKd iw
f nf;.....
]]Asm'dwaf wmfjrwf twkid ;f ygbk&m;}}[k oHawmfO;D wif twlwuG a&SUawmfrS xGuf
vmcJhMuygonf/
tjyefwiG f icJudk tuGset
f rd o
f Ydk zdwaf c:cJ
h twlvu
dk yf gvmygonf/ icJtm; a&rk;d
csKd ;jy;D rS jyef&efwm;jrpfaomfvnf; aq;awmfpak &;twGuf vrkid ;f awmokw
Yd ufa&muf&rnfh
tpDtpOfrsm; jyKvyk &f efvnf;&Sad o;? olaY q;0g;rsm; pm;ok;H aeMuaom vlemrsm;ukd aq;
ywfuek
f olc&D;xGuaf epOf vma&mufaq;awmif;ygu rnfoYdk jyKvyk af qmif&u
G &f rnf
wku
Yd dk rSmMum;p&mawG rsm;jym;vSonfaMumifh jyefomG ;ygavonf/
icJ rjyefrDS rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&m*gawmftaMumif;ESihf ywfouf ar;jref; pkpH rf;
onfwiG f icJu jyK;H aphaphjzifh tuGseeYf m;okYd wD;wk;d ajymMum;cJyh gavonf/ olaq;pk oGm;
ocku
d f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; nDvmcHr0ifEidk b
f J &uftawmfMum jzpfae&onfh a&m*gawmf
taMumif; tjyifyokYd w&ufr[kwf ESp&f uf trSet
f wkid ;f aygufMum;&ayvdrrhf nf/ xko
d Ydk
aygufMum;oGm;ygvQif rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;twGuf a&m*gawmfaMumifh t&Suaf wmf &Ekid f
aumif;p&m taMumif;&S
d wckcu
k dk &k;d r,fzUJG apvsuf jyKvyk x
f m;oifah Mumif; icJ tMuH
tPfay;cJyh gavonf/
xko
d nfwaYdk Mumifh tuGsev
f nf; icJEiS hf aq;awmftwGuf b,aq;jzpfaom opfO ?
opfzk ? opf&u
G f ? opfjrpfwYdk pkaqmif;&mokYd vku
d yf gvkv
d suEf iS yhf if b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D
bk&m;tay: &[ef;&Siv
f l taygif;wkYd txif;ao;ap t&Suaf wmf&rnfh udpr S a&Smif
vTaJ y;ap&ef jyKvyk &f rnfh wm0eftwGuf ae&pfc&hJ ygonf/
tuGset
f aejzifh pOf;pm;&onfrmS vnf; tarmwaumyif jzpfygavonf/ icJuvnf;
twdtus ajymqkt
d MuaH y;cJo
h nf r[kw
f ajyvnfjy;D jywfapzkrYd mS tuGsew
Yf m0efv;Hk vk;H
&Sad eonft
h wGuf tdyrf aysmEf idk af tmifyif jzpf&ygonf/
tuGseo
f nf b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ESihf (15)ESpaf usmf twlwuG aexkid Mf u;D jyif;
vmcJ&h ol tdraf wmfyg wa,mufjzpfygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pdwo
f abmawmfudk od
wefoa&TU od&jdS y;D jzpfygavonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf &wemok;H yg;ukd wu,f ,kH
Munfol uk;d uG,q
f nf;uyfvo
dk l wOD;jzpfaMumif; tuGsew
f iG f oHo, vk;H 0r&Scd yhJ g/
rnfonfh tcgumv rnfonfh a'oae&mrsKd ;rsm;wGiv
f nf; &wemok;H yg;wnf; [l
aom bk&m;w&m;oHCm xko
d ;Hk yg;wku
Yd dk arhavsmv
h rd rhf nf r[kwaf Mumif; tuGseo
f yd gonf/
61
xko
d &d cdS surf sm;udk rlwnf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; twGuf wynfv
h rd m q&mtmywf
vTwaf paom udpr sKd ;ukd jyKvyk af y;&ef tuGsef oE|d mef csvu
dk rf yd gawmhonf/ aemufwaeY
eHeufapmapmwGif tuGsev
Yf ,
l aHk wmfrsm;jzifh NrKd Uawmfajrmufbuf&dS a&TzsO;f nDaemif ewf
uGe;f ukd rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; trdeaYf wmf&adS v[efjzifh zsuq
f ;D ypfvu
dk yf gonf/ rif;w&m;
Mu;D bk&m; tvkad wmft& ukvm;nDaemif ewfueG ;f rSm ewfoufa<ujy;D jzpf ewfueG ;f &Sd
ae&ef rvkv
d m;tyfawmhaMumifh Oauma',s jzpfatmif aumv[v owif;tjzpfvnf;
wD;wk;d vTiv
hf u
dk yf gonf/
wD;wk;d owif;onf armif;aMu;eif; cwfw;D aMunm&aom owif;xuf ykrd ydk sUH vTihf
vG,o
f nf[k tuGsef arQmv
f ifx
h m;ouJo
h yYdk if vsijf refvyS gavonf/ eHeufpm pm;tjy;D
qGr;f cHjyefcsed af vmuf tuGsef a&Teef;awmfMu;D xHoYdk tcpm;0ifa&mufcsed af vmufwiG f xkd
owif;pum;ukd vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f Mum;odjy;D jzpfaeMuygonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tyg;awmfoYdk tuGsef cpm;0ifaomumvwGif taqmif&eef;&
rdz&k m;Mu;D wk\
Yd rdz&k m;tcsKyf (6)yg; cpm;vsu&f adS eygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf
orm;awmf icJ wifMuKd ajymMum;cJo
h nt
hf wkid ;f a0'emawmfaMumifh ua,mif u,rf;
jrnfwrf;pyif jyKaeygacsonf/
xkrd zd &k m;rsm;xJwiG f yg0ifol tv,feef;rawmf qifjzLr&Sif rdz&k m;wyg;om tenf;
i,f ylyefr[
I ef &Syd gonf/ t*ra[oD r*Fvma'0D rdz&k m;Mu;D onf orm;awmfrsm;tm;
vk;H qifah c: aq;awmf qufa&;twGuf wkid yf if&ef pDpOfaeonfudk tuGsejf rifawGU&yg
ojzifh raeomawmhyJ qifjzLr&Sif rdz&k m;Mu;D tm; t&dyt
f ajcjy&if; oHawmfO;D wif&ef&dS
aMumif; em;awmfaygufap&ef rodrom uk,
d [
f efjy&ygonf/
tuif;yg;ol rdz&k m;Mu;D rSmvnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pufawmfac:&m taqmifawmf
rS tjct
H &Hrsm;ESihf xGucf mG awmfr&l if; yef;ckaH wmfbufoYdk ul;0ifomG ;awmfryl gavonf/
tuGsev
f nf; watmifw
h em;avmuf apmifq
h idk ;f jy;D rS &Sijf zLr&Sif rdz&k m;Mu;D &S&d m yef;ckH
awmfaqmifoYdk ul;0ifa&muf zl;arQmyf gonf/ tuGseaf &muf&o
dS mG ;avrS txde;f t&rsm;ukd
ta0;rS cpm;&ef trdeaYf wmfrw
S v
f u
dk o
f nft
h wGuf tuGsev
f nf; rdz&k m;Mu;D tm;....
]]t&Sif rdz&k m;Mu;D od&adS wmfro
l nft
h wkid ;f orm;awmfMu;D icJ aq;awmfquf&ef aq;
0g;pkaqmif;zkYd c&D;xGuo
f mG ;aMumif;ygbk&m;/ orm;awmfMu;D icJ MuKd wifajymqkcd suf t&
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pdwaf wmf acsmufjcm; aeawmfrv
l Qif pdwaf wmfy&l ef r&Sad Mumif;yg
bk&m;}}
]]rzk&m;taejzifh orm;awmf OD;cJ wifavQmufajymMum;csuu
f kd Mum;od&onft
h wGuf
OD;cJ aq;awmf qufvQif armifarmifb&k m; a0'emawmf aysmufuif;rnfvYdk ,kMH unfyg
onf/ 'gayrifh awmifeef;pHrzd &k m;Mu;D trdejYf zifh wjcm;orm;awmfMu;D rsm; aq;awmfquf
vQif aq;csurf mS ;jy;D armifb&k m; twGurf sm; qk;d 0g; aeavrvm;vdYk pdwaf wmfyrl w
d ,f
62
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
yifwvJpm;MuD;&JU}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? ylyif&ef r&Sad o;aMumif;yg / orm;awmfMu;D icJ aq;awmf qufEidk rf nfh
&ufavmufom cefrY eS ;f wGuq
f jy;D aemifo;Hk &ufajrmufaomaeYwiG f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
a0'emawmf roufrom &Sv
d mcJah omf t&Sif qifjzLr&Sif rdz&k m;oabmawmfEiS hf wjcm;
wyg;aom orm;[l;&m;rsm;jzifu
h o
k cGihf &&S&d efom t*ra[oD awmifeef;pH r*Fvma'0D
rdz&k m;(tcsKd U&mZ0ifq&mrsm;u pMuma'0D[v
k nf; qkMd uygonf) Mu;D ESihf tpDtpOfom
jyKawmfrlxm;ESifhygbk&m;}}
]]'Dwm0efudk rzk&m;wm0efom xm;vku
d yf g / NrKd Upm;Mu;D wkt
Yd aeeYJ orm;awmfMu;D OD;cJ
aq;awmfom tcsed rf DS qufoEdifk zf Ydk MuKd ;pm;Muyg}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? MuKd ;yrf;vsu&f adS Mumif;yg}} [k jyefvnf wifavQmufcjhJ y;D aemuf tuGsev
f J
icJ b,aq; tpkomG ;onfudk apmifMh uKd iHv
h if&h if; aq;awmfudk pdwaf pmvsuf &SEd iS ahf e
ygonf/
(3)
OMoysKd oHcsKd aESmcJjh yD jzpfonft
h wGuf refusn;f &GuEf k xGu&f ef yk&pfz;l uk,
d pf jD zifh t
&k;d jyKd i;f jyKd i;f xaeaom tukid ;f tcufwu
Ydk dk wefqmqifvmayjy/D awmifO,smOfawmft
wGi;f rS oajyikww
f o
Ydk nf oajyndKwuf wvlvEl iS hf tnTet
Yf wufwYdk xGuv
f monfuv
dk J
awGU&ayjy/D
OMooH ulaESmcsuu
f dk tuGsev
f nf; emcH&if; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ukd aq;awmfqufchJ
onfrmS 5-&ufyif&v
dS maMumif; trSw&f rdygawmhonf/ aq;awmfqufjy;D 5-&uftwGi;f
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ a&m*gawmfrmS a&awGUaom MumuJo
h Ydk jyefvnf vef;qef; pkad jyp
jyKvmayjy/D b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ESpjf cKd upf mG pufawmfac:&mrS pnf;csuf rSerf eS f
xGuaf y:vmaom a[mufou
H dk emcH&if; tuGset
Yf awG;wkrYd mS ysUH vGiahf eygavonf/
'DuaeY icJqufornfh aq;awmftopfrmS uaemiftrd af &SUpH uk,
d af wmftm; rjywf
qufoae&onfh aq;awmfjzpfaMumif; od&&dS ayonf/ ,cktMurd f aq;awmftpkomG ;&m
wGif icJwYdk toku
d f oufpeG q
Yf zH sm; pGepYf m;rIudk trSwrf xif awGUMuKH &yku
H dk icJ jyefvnf
ajymjyonfudk em;axmif&aom tuGseyf if Muufo;D xrdygonf/
icJEiS hf wynfah ygif; 15-a,mufwrYdk mS vrkid ;f awm twGi;f rS tvk&d adS om b,aq;
rsm;ukd &SmazGpak qmif;Mujy;D onfah emuf aq;awmfwiG f yg0ifonfh ausmufaoG;&,lEidk &f ef
vrkid ;f awmrS ta&SUplp;l okYd c&D;qufMuygonf/ awmifay:twuf jyifO;D vGif ra&mufrDS
3-wkid af vmuf tvkw
d iG f ausmufcsyf ausmufvmT wkt
Yd Mum;rS ,kpd ;D usvmaom ausmuf
aoG; (ausmufqD ausmufEpS u
f dk ac:ygonf/) rsm;awGU&S
d 0g;usnaf wmufrsm; jyKvyk f
63
xnfo
h adk eqJ icJ\wynfh zk;d rSif atmfoMH um;Mu&onft
h wGuf teD;qk;H vlrsm;jzpfMuaom
icJEiS hf iaygufpwkYd zk;d rSif &S&d mokYd ta&mufajy;Muygonf/
zk;d rSiEf iS hf 0uf0MH u;D waumifwYdk olwjyef igwjyef owfyw
k af eonfudk awGUMuygonf/
icJvnf; iSuMf u;D awmif "m;jzifh 0uf0u
H dk ckwyf idk ;f &ef "m;rk;d toifjh yifxm;aomfvnf;
zk;d rSirf mS Avaumif;oljzpf 0Hwjyef zk;d rSiw
f jyef jzpfaeonft
h wGuf "m;jzifh ckwyf idk ;f &ef
tcGifhromEkdifcJhyg/
twefMumrS zk;d rSif atmufta&muf icJ\ "m;csujf zifh vusmf eHawmif;rS vuf0J eH
awmif;ukd xk;d azmufEidk o
f nf[k ajymygonf/ 0Huw
k o
f nfh 'Pfcsujf zifh zd;k rSif rsuv
f ;Hk w
zufxu
G o
f mG ;ygonf/ &Sm;yg; &cJvaS om 0Honf;ajcESihf zk;d rSif rsuaf phwzuf vJv,
S f
,l&ovkd jzpfaeaomaMumifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; use;f cHah wmfrv
l mygvQif zk;d rSit
f wGuf
*&kPmawmfouf qkawmfvmbfawmf &&Sad vatmif aqmif&u
G af y;zkYd icJu tuGset
Yf m;
rSmxm;cJhygonf/
t&Siw
f Ydk tusKd ;ukd oufpeG MYf uKd ;yrf; xrf;&Guo
f rl sm;ukd ajrmS ufpm;avh&adS om rif;w&m;
Mu;D bk&m; taMumif;ukd aumif;pGmod&adS om tuGserf mS zk;d rSif twGuf aqmif&u
G af y;&ef
oabmwlvkdufygonf/
icJ qufornfh aq;awmfonf cufcufccJ J pkaqmif;&oavmuf wefc;dk tmedoif
xufjrufvyS gonf/ if;aq;awmf taMumif;ukd aemifwiG f vIid x
f yd af cgifwif tdraf &SUpH
rdz&k m; od&o
dS mG ;jy;D onfah emuf orm;awmficJudk ac:,l Murd ;f armif;&if; orm;awmfMu;D
aq;awmftpGr;f aMumifh ]]pdejf cL;Mumanmif}}abmv,f jzpfvm&aMumif; ji;D awmfro
l jzifh
olaY q;awmfudk (pdejf cL;Mumanmif aq;awmf)[k trnfrn
S x
hf m;aMumif; wdww
f ck;d icJu
ajymcJo
h nft
h wGuf [wfwarmESihf tuGsew
f EYdk pS af ,muf waomaom &,f&ygao;onf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ,ck cHpm;ae&aom a0'emESihf ywfouf tuGset
Yf m; icJu
tjyif;txef Murd ;f armif;jcif;ukd cHc&hJ ayonf/ olu
Y o
dk m wifMuKd wifu;l today;cJv
h Qif
a&Teef;&Siv
f nf; pdwyf sKd uk,
d Ef ak p&rnf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ rdz&k m;rsm; tm;vk;H vnf;
aysm&f iT f csr;f ajrU tvkad wmfusap&rnf[yk if qkcd yhJ gao;onf/
opfqrd rhf zd &k m;trIupd r sKd ;yif ray:aygufEidk af Mumif; icJu &J&MJ u;D yif tmrcHcyhJ gonf/
ol\ aq;pGr;f rnfrQ xufjrufonfudk tuGseu
Yf ,
dk af wGU r&S&d ao;aomfvnf; uaemif
tdraf &SUpH uk,
d af wmfMu;D oefprG ;f aMumif;awmh jynfMu;D aysmb
f ,
G t
f &yfrS a*gif;rrdpyf ajym
zl; odc&hJ ayjy/D uaemifrif;om;Mu;D tm; ]]tm* a,musmf ;ygvm;}} [k rSwx
f ifcahJ omf
vnf; ,ckryS if icJaq;pGr;f aMumifu
h ;dk [kem;vnfvmygawmhonf/
wwkYd wqdwu
f dk wtdwv
f yk f ajymMuonfrmS vlw\
Ydk obm0yif jzpfcsrd rhf nf xifyg
onf/ wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D OD;zk;d onf ,refaeYuyif tuGset
Yf m; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf
NrKd Uawmfajrmufyg;u zsO;f nDaemif ewfueG ;f ukd zsuq
f ;D ypfvu
dk o
f nft
h wGuf zsO;f nDaemif
64
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
pdwaf wmfc
k zrf;pm;aomaMumifh pdwaf wmf ua,mifacsmufjcm; jzpfomG ;&aMumif; ? ,ck
awmifeef;a'0D trdeaYf wmfjzifh olu,
dk w
f idk f OD;pD;Mu;D Muyf uefyidk &f mG wGif Mu;D rm;cHn
h m;
aom ewfueG ;f topf aqmufvyk af y;vku
d o
f jzifh uk,
d af wmfMu;D a&m*grSm yde;f Mumzuf
ay: a&rwifavQmMubdouJo
h Ydk &Sv
d maMumif; tuGset
Yf m; tjrK yx
f u
G rf wwf ajymjyvm
ygonf/
tuGsev
f nf; r&,frad p&ef renf;atmift
h ;D onf;cH em;axmif&if; tuGseu
f yif 'D
[maMumifh vGecf ahJ om &ufow
D if;ywfavmufu usm;[de;f oH Mum;ae&onf xifrad Mumif;
cyfazsmazsm ajymvku
d &f m....
]][kwrf Asmh ? [kwaf yrAs}} [k acgif;wjird jhf ird hf vnfwcgcgESihf tuGset
Yf yg;rS xGuo
f mG ;
ygonf/ tuGsev
f nf; &,fcsiaf om xkpd w
d u
f dk rsKd oyd &f if; a&Tjynfrif;Mu;D OD;bk;d vIid u
f dk wk;d
wk;d wGww
f w
G Ef iS hf aumv[vowif;awGudk t&if;twkid ;f jzefcY saD wmfral eaom wkid ;f wm;
rif;ukd Munf&h if; aemifa&;ukd awG;awmrdygonf/
tuGsew
Yf Ydk vkyMf ucH ahJ om xdZk mwfudk aemifaomtcgumvwGif vltrsm;wk\
Yd yg;pyf
zsm;0,f ]]ewfueG ;f ukd ewfoufa<ujy}D }[k trdeaYf wmfrw
S
f zsuq
f ;D cJjh cif;aMumifh a&TzsO;f
nDaemifu rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ukd pdwaf wmfuu
G
f zrf;pm;onf/
a&TzsO;f nDaemif zrf;pm;onft
h wGuaf Mumifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pdwaf wmf acsmufjcm;
&onf/ pD;awmfusm;jzifv
h nf; NrKd UjyiftyrS vma&mufawmif;qkad omaMumifh ewfueG ;f t
opfaqmufay;awmfrv
l u
dk rf pS ;D awmfusm;toHvnf;aysmuf uk,
d af wmfMu;D bk&m;rSmvnf;
use;f rm yuwdcsr;f ompGm &So
d mG ;aMumif; a&S;a[mif;o@m&D ykjH yifozG,f ajymqkMd uay
awmhrnfudk tuGseaf wG;rd &,forG ;f tMurd Mf urd af oG;&ygonf/
eef;wGi;f okYd icJa&muf&v
dS mcsed f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; Ek;d awmfryl gavonf/ aq;awmf
rqufru
DS rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf ae xef;wzsm;tcsed f a&mufatmif wMurd f wcgrS
pufawmfac:bl;onf[k r&Scd yhJ g/ rsuEf mS opfawmfa& csawmfrjl y;D onfah emuf rif;w&m;
Mu;D bk&m;tm; qufo&rnfh aq;awmftpfudk icJu tuGseYf vuf0,foYdk ay;tyfygav
onf/
aq;ok;H &ef tnTe;f ukv
d nf; ajymygonf/ yxr 3-&uftwGi;f aq;ukd ZD;uif;cefY eH
eufaeY-nwkw
Yd iG f wMurd u
f spD a&at;ESihf aomufawmfral p&rnf/ 'kw,
d 3-&ufwiG f eH
euf nwkw
Yd iG f wMurd u
f s tdy&f m0if tdy&f mx ay;qufawmfr&l rnf/ 'kw,
d 3-&uf vGef
ajrmufjy;D onfh aemufyidk ;f &ufrsm;wGif waeYvQiw
f Murd u
f s aeYcif;ykid ;f okrYd [kwf nOD;ykid ;f
wGif aomufo;Hk awmfrEl idk af Mumif; &Si;f vif;ajymjyaeygonf/
aeYpOf rSerf eS f wMurd u
f s rS0D o
J ;Hk aqmifaeorQ umvywfv;Hk pdwyf sKd u,
dk Ef
k avmu
pnf;pdru
f dk ji;D aiGUonfw
h idk af tmif cHpm;Ekid af Mumif; tuGset
fY m; tus,w
f 0ifh &Si;f vif;jy
ygonf/
65
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; eHeufpm pm;tjy;D tcsKd yJG wnfawmfral epOf rvSr;f rurf;rS cpm;
aeaom tuGsew
Yf Ydk ESpaf ,mufudk jrifawGU tem;wk;d cpm;&ef tcsujf yvku
d o
f nf/ tuGsef
vnf; a&SUokYd wk;d uyfomG ;um icJay;tyfxm;aom tpfudk jyo&if; avQmufwifygonf/
]]rSev
f yS g ? orm;awmfMu;D icJu ,aeY aq;awmf topf qufo awmfral Mumif;yg
rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;}}
]][J.h ...icJ&UJ eifqufoonfh aq;awmfeYJ iguk,
d af wmfjrwf use;f cefaY wmfrv
l mwm
ukd bokaYd Mumifh aq;awmftopf qufo&onfvJ ? iguk,
d af wmfjrwf pm;vkv
Yd J jrefd af wmf
rlw,fAsm ? tdypf ufvv
Ydk J aysmaf wmfro
l y}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? ,ckqufoaom aq;awmftopfrmS use;f cefaY wmfro
l olrsm;om ok;H aqmif
rS0D &J onfjzpf b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;twGuf aq;awmfopftjzpf vJv,
S af y;quf
&jcif;ygbk&m;}}
]]tokaYd om tmedoif &Sad yovJ orm;awmf icJ&UJ }}
]]aq;onf jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siv
f ufxufawmf tcguwnf;u &Sad ecJjh y;D orm;awmf
Mu;D ZD0u azmfpyfawmfrcl jhJ cif; jzpfygbk&m; ? rZsrd a'o tm,k'aq;usr;f rS qif;ouf
vm[efw
l r[momuD0ifrif;rsKd ;tEG,af wmfwYdk vufpaJG usmf aq;awmf wvufvnf;
jzpfcyhJ gonfb&k m; ? rZsrd wkid ;f ukd tkycf sKyrf if;vkycf ahJ om orwrif;rS tpOftquf qif;
oufvmcJah om rif;taygif;wkYd vufrvTwaf pbJ ok;H pGv
J mcJMh uonfh a&Teef;quf aq;
awmfjzpfygonf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;}}
]]tvk.d ..icJ&UJ ? aq;awmf[m 'DavmufMu;D us,af eyg&ufueJY iguk,
d af wmfjrwfudk
tpueOD; uwnf;u bZmhaMumifh rqufo&oenf;}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;u &Tijf yK;H aom rsuEf mS awmfEiS hf &,forG ;f aoG;ovkd rdeaYf wmfro
l nf
aMumifh tuGseu
f yif icJu,
dk pf m; wifavQmufvu
dk yf gonf/
]]rSev
f yS g ? rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ESihf rdz&k m;acgifMu;D rsm;uyg ckaH wmfysKd r-S orm;tdrk [
S k
pGrJ w
S ,
f MHk unfaeawmfrMl uygojzif'h aD q;awmfurdk qufo0Hah wmhygbk&m;/ nDawmfuaemif
tdraf &SUpH uk,
d af wmfMu;D uko
d m qufocJ&h onf[k uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D tm; orm;awmficJu
ajymcJhbl;aMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]][kwaf yoAs ? iguk,
d af wmfwidk u
f yif orm;awmf icJtm; txifao;rdoAs / eifah q;
awmf xufjruf&;dk rSe&f ifawmh eifu
h cdk s;D jri hf ajrm ufpm;awmfrrl Asm;/ nDnu
D vnf; 'Daq;
awmfaumif;aMumif; ighudk ajymoifah yoAs}}
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D toufay; avQmufwif0yhH gonfb&k m; / aq;awmfonf pHepf
wus tok;H jyKcyhJ gvQif ok;H olrmS tudsK;xl;cHpm;&rnfrmS ajrMu;D vufcwf rvGEJ idk o
f vkd
rSeu
f efvaS Mumif;ygbk&m;/ aq;awmfudk ykrd dk rok;H pGrJ &d ef owdawmf quf&rnfygbk&m;}}
]]tdr;f ....ykrd kd ok;H pGrJ ad omf tokaYd om tjypfukd jzpfawmfrw
l wfayovJ icJ&UJ }}
66
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
(4)
ydawmufawG a&T&nfv;l twmvnf; ul;cJah yjy/D &GuEf &k u
G o
f pfwjYkd zifh pdr;f vef;pkd
ajyvmaom Moumoavmu\MunfE;l zG,af om tajymif;tvGaJ v;wko
Yd nf a&Teef;awmf
Mu;D qDoYdk pk;d rk;d vmygavawmhonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; use;f rmawmfr&l rHk Qruawmh
bJ icJqufaom aq;awmfaMumifh pdwo
f mG ;wkid ;f uk,
d yf g vk&d ma&mufaeojzifh armfwjyK;H
jyK;H aysmrf qk;H Ekid af tmif &Sad eygavonf/ tuGsef [kpd Ofu xde;f odr;f ay;&onfh aqmifawmf
ul;rSww
f rf;wGif wnvQif waqmifus ul;&rnft
h pm; wnukd ESpaf qmifus ul;ajymif;
&ef trdeaYf wmftopfaMumifh pm&if;xyfrH topfjyKvyk f ay;&ygavonf/
tuGsef yif;wvJjyefpOf tcku
d t
f weft
Y wGi;f taqmifawmfu;l &ef tvSnu
hf sapmifh
&onfudk tvSr;f a0;vSacs&UJ [k nnf;nLawmfrMl uaom rdz&k m;rsm; taqmifawmfut
dk
vSnyhf t
dk aejzifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; &ufwywfwoDwif;rQ taqmifawmfawGqufvuf
ul;&aomaMumifh uk,
d af wmfwiG f umrtiftm; nK;d EGr;f yifyef;awmfro
l nfh a&m*gawmf
pGJuyfvmygonf/
67
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
rlzo
Ydk m ta&;Mu;D o[J}h }
]]rSev
f yS g ? &kid v
f yd w
f vdyo
f m jrefjrefay;oem;awmfryl g rrbk&m;}}[k rdz&k m;av;\
avQmufwifot
H qk;H tuGseu
f yif.....
]]&ygapr,f t&Sirf zd &k m;}}[k avQmufxm;vku
d &f onf/ xkrd w
S qufwnf; ]]a[h tdyf
zefawmfrLS ; ? &kid w
f vdyu
f dk cktjref ,lqufprf; ? tcsed af ESmif;vkYd rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; t
wGuf aMumifMh uawmfr&l if eift
h ouf uGurf surf [J}h }
tuGsev
f nf; [dv
k v
l v
dk dk 'Dvv
l v
dk dk apmif;ajrm if; Murd ;f armif;&if; &kid v
f yd t
f ,lcidk ;f vku
d f
ygonf/ &kid v
f yd f oGm;,lcsed w
f iG f vltyk rf mS tawmfMu;D rm;aeacsjy/D vl(80)ausmf wpf&meD;
yg;rQavmuf 0ef;&Hxm;onfaMumifh tawmfavSmiftu
dk f aeyk&H ygonf/
awmifeef;a'0D t*ra[oD rdz&k m;Mu;D tm; vltyk zf ,f&iS ;f ay;ygrS av0ifrnf/ av
at; avaumif;0ifvmvQif rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;twGuf aumif;rnf xifaMumif; wif
avQurf S rdz&k m;acgifMu;D trdejYf zifh vltyk u
f dk q,fvt
H uGmrS cpm;aeapygonf/
&kid v
f yd t
f ,lomG ;ool tdyzf efawmfom;vnf; q,fAZD em (q,fch Ek pS f rdepfomom)
twGi;f a&muf&v
dS mygavonf/ &kid &f &Sv
d Qif tuGseu
f yif.....
]]&kid v
f yd f a&muf&v
dS maMumif;ygbk&m;}}[k wifavQmufraI Mumifh xkrd zd &k m;uyif tuGseYf
tm;....
]]rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ukd &kid yf wfvu
dk pf rf;yg/ jrefjref ywfvu
dk yf }}[k trdeYf ay;ygav
onf/ tuGsev
f nf; rqkid ;f rwGyif ywfay;vku
d yf gonf/ (&kid q
f o
dk nfrmS tjrifw
h awmifh
xGm ? tvsm; tawmifEpS q
f ,f &Syd gonf/ 0g;ukd ES;D pdy
f zsmuJo
h Ydk ,ufvyk x
f m;ygonf/
vSn;f ay:wGif ypn;f rsm; o,f,&l mwGif ykrd Edk idk &f ef &kid u
f dk um&H wifaqmifMuayonf/
&kid u
f dk &Snv
f sm;aomaMumifh vdy
f odr;f qnf;Muaom xk;H pH&o
dS nf-pma&;ol)
rnfonfh a,musmf ;rQ tem;wGif r&Sad p&[k rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;\ a0'emukpm;rnfh
rdz&k m;u qkrd ed o
Yf jzifh tuGsev
f nf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tem;rS rcGmcsib
f v
J suEf iS hf cGm
xGucf &hJ ygonf/ eef;rawmfMu;D rsm;ESihf armif;rrdH ta>ct&Hoif;yif; rde;f rrsm;tm;vk;H
ukv
d nf; &kid v
f yd Ef iS hf av;ig;vSr;f tuGmta0;rS ausmay;&yfaeapygavonf/
tuGsev
f nf; xl;jcm;vSaom trdeaYf wmfou
H dk emcH &avonfaMumifh rif;w&m;Mu;D
bk&m;twGuf pk;d &draf MumifMh u Asmyg&pdwf 0ifa&mufvmum ta&;tcif; wpkH wckay:
aygufvmygu tjref0ifa&muf u,fwifEidk &f ef rvSr;f rurf;rSae toifch pm;rnf [k
ykid ;f jzwfvu
dk yf gonf/ tuGsev
f nf; teD;qk;H tumtuG,jf zpfaeaom ajrmufaqmifawmf
usn;f &Siw
f cH g;aygufudk jrifr
d usn;f &Siw
f cH g;tuG,w
f iG f 0ifa&muf yke;f atmif;aevku
d f
ygonf/
xkrd zd &k m; &kid yf wftwGi;f 0ifomG ;onfudk wHcg;Mum;rS jrif&ygonf/ vta&miftm;
raumif; 0k;d w0g;jzifh xkrd zd &k m;onf uk,
d af wmft
h ay:wGif cGp;D vsuf vIy&f mS ;ae[efjrif
71
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D tdyaf ysmaf e&mrS rnfonfh rdz&k m;toHrS rodaom rde;f roH woH
jzifh aMumufvefw
Y Mum; ]b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; bmjzpfawmfrrl eS ;f rodaomaMumifh
u,fawmfrMl uyg} atmfot
H Mum; uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D vnf; aqmif"m;qGjJ y;D tajy; tvTm;
vmcJyh gobk&m;- uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; txHawmfyg; a&muf&cdS sed f uk,
d f
awmfb&k m; yufvuf tjrK yx
f u
G
f wufaeonfudk jrifrad Mumif;ygbk&m;}}
]][kwaf yrAsmh ? aMu;rQif rdz&k m;[m iguk,
d af wmfjrwfudk xk;H wrf;pOfvm twkid ;f t
aqmifawmftxd vku
d yf aYdk wmfro
l [mukad wmh owdawmf&ydS gav&JU ? usKd i;f wkH taqmif
awmfuv
dk rS ;f zkYd <ujref;&if;bJ w&dy&f yd ef YJ wufvmwJh aoG;om;awmfawG[m 0rf;awmfuae
&ifawmf ? &ifawmfuae OD;acgif;awmfta&muf rl;oGm;[ef &So
d [Jh iarmifMu;D &JU}}
]]tJo[maMumifh orm;awmficJu wefvQiaf q; ? vGev
f Qiaf b; vkw
Yd ifavQmufcjhJ cif;
jzpf&rnf xifaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]][kwaf yraygh ? uJ....iarmifMu;D "m;xrf;&if; taqmifawmftjyifuae apmifh
OD;/ ig usKd i;f wkrH zd &k m;txHawmf 0ifvu
dk Of ;D r,fAsm}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; taqmifawmftwGi;f 0ifa&muf aysmufu,
G o
f mG ;awmhrS tuGsef
vnf; oufjyif; csryd gavonf/ ,ck tcsed w
f iG f icJ aq;awmfaMumifh vIid x
f yd x
f m; u
]]pdejf cL;Mumanmif}}csD abmv,fa&;zGUJ awmfrcl &hJ onfh qkad om pum;ukd tuGsef oHo,
rjzpfawmhyg/
,ckyif taqmifEpS af qmif rdz&k m;wkx
Yd rH S MunfE;l rI &,lcjhJ y;D avrS usKd i;f wkt
H aqmif
awmfoYdk 0ifawmfrjl yefacsjy/D
w&Gmvk;H ESihf &efjyKaom ,pform;irl;twGuf tqk;H tjzwfay;&ef cufco
J uJo
h Ydk w&Gm
vk;H uyif qk;d 0g;oavm ? wa,mufwnf; ,pform;irl;uyif qk;d avoavm [laom
ykyH rmES,f rnfoUl ukd tqk;d jyK&acsreS ;f rodawmhyg/ 'Dwcg rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; wjcm;w
yg;aomtaqmifawmfoYdk ul;0ifawmfrOl ;D rnfqcdk yhJ gvQif rk;d pifpif vif;ayawmhrnf/
a[m.....wk;H Mu;D (acgufo)H yifMum;&acsjy/D aemufwA[k&d &f adS omf tm&kPw
f ufay
awmhrnf/ r[m0do'k g &kH ausmif;wku
d rf S (pufem&D 4em&Dcef)Y tm&kPq
f rG ;f csu&f efEiS hf
ausmif;wGi;f Z&yftwGi;f oef&Y iS ;f a&; jyKvyk &f ef Ek;d aqmfonfh wk;H Mu;D acgufoo
H nf tm
&kPrf wufrD wA[k&d t
f vkw
d iG f aeYpOfreS rf eS f acgufavh&ydS gonf/ tuGsev
f nf; vko
d nfxuf
ykrd t
dk ok;H jyKvQif xufjrufaom pGr;f tifjzifh wefc;dk jywwfaom icJaq;awmf vuf0,f
a&muf&adS eonfh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;twGuf warQmw
f ac:Mu;D pOf;pm;rdygonf/
vko
d nfxuf aq;awmfudk ykrd t
dk ok;H jyKvQif pyfu;l rwfu;l Mum;umvtwGi;f jzpfayrifh
t&Sed [
f ek jf yif;pGmESihf wefc;dk awmf jywwfaom aq;awmfonf rdz&k m;rsm;vSaom rif;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m;ESirhf S wku
d w
f u
dk f qkid q
f idk f awGUMuK&H onft
h wGuf aemifaomumvwGirf arQmf
74
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
csppf ed v
f iG f
75
cspfpdefvGif
76
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
rmefp,
G f usKd ;ygaygh
(1)
]]iarmifMu;D iguk,
d af wmfjrwf a&Teef;awmf twGi;f vSnv
hf nf pHjref;ae&wm ji;D aiGU
awmfro
l vkd &Sad wmfrw
l maMumifh wajymif;wvTaJ v; jzpfap&atmif tMuaH wmfopf quf
prf;ygh}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; / &kyo
f iG af wmf ajymif;vGu
J m eef;jrKd Uawmftjyif
&yfuu
G rf sm;twGi;f usi;f yjyKvyk af eaom uxdeyf cJG if;rsm;wGif yGaJ wmfMunfv
h v
dk Qif aygrsm;
vSaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]rku
d v
f u
dk yf gbd iarmifMu;D &,f ? igha&Teef;awmfMu;D rSm q,fEh pS v
f &moD yGaJ wmftrsKd ;
rsKd ; usi;f y jyKvyk af erSe;f eif todom;eJY ? 'DuaeY vGeaf jrmuf aemuf(2) &ufa&muf&if
euwo
f bifyrJG mS iguk,
d af wmfjrwf tuefawmhc&H rSe;f rodbJ aeava&mhovm;}}
77
i,fusG eaf wmf tdraf wmfyg vufpaJG wmfMu;D yDyD abmif;awmfjird hf &krH Qjzifh pdwaf wmfojd y;D
oljzpfol OD;a&TarmifMu;D rSm rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; bmukd tvkad wmf &Sad erSe;f odvsuEf iS hf
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&TEw
I af wmfrS tvkad wmf qEudk xkwaf zmf rdeaYf wmfrv
l mapaom
oabm pdwx
f m;&Syd gonf/ okrYd aYdk Mumifh rodusKd ;uGsejf yKum ajcawmfO;D cku
d &f if;....
]]rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkad wmfudk uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D r&dypf m;rdonfudk wifavQmuf&rd
jcif;twGuf tjypfrS cGiv
hf w
T af wmfryl gbk&m; ? oDwif;uGswv
f rD;xGe;f yGaJ wmfudk bk&m;uGsef
awmfrsKd ;Mu;D ESit
hf wl b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; jrKd Uawmf &wemykt
H wGi;f &kyzf su&f if; vnf
ywf&onfrmS pdwaf wmf txl;MunfE;l &onf[k rdeaYf wmfrl zl;onfaMumifh wifavQmuf&
jcif;ygbk&m;}}
]]'Dvdk &kyzf supf enf;em;rsKd ;ukad wmh iguk,
d af wmfjrwf rjyKvyk v
f adk wmhb;l iarmifMu;D &JU/
acG;aygrsm;vSwhJ &wemykH jrKd UawmftwGi;f vSnv
hf nfomG ;vmaeMuwJh uif;awGudk vGwf
atmif a&SmifuiG ;f &wm rvG,u
f rl eS ;f iguk,
d af wmfjrwf odawmfru
l jyb
D }J }
]]rSev
f yS g ? rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tJ'w
D ek ;f u acG;av acG;vGiahf b;rS vGwu
f if;atmif
tajy;awmf jrefvo
S nfudk uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D tHch s;D rqk;H Ekid af tmif &So
d ygonfb&k m;}}
]]iarmifMu;D wkrYd sm; ta&;&,f taMumif;&,fq&dk if tm;uk;d &ayrvm; atmufarh
awmfrrl w
d m iguk,
d af wmfjrwfMu;D trSm;y ? tajy;om raumif;cJv
h Qif rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
acG;pm;vkYd ewf&mG vm;&Smujyv
D Ydk eifww
Ydk awG ajym&pfMurnfygh}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; ajym&if; [wfwarm &,favonfaMumifh OD;a&TarmifMu;D
vnf; a&ma,mif &,farm&if; avQmufwifjyefonf/
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;vnf; wrk[w
k cf si;f acG;avacG;vGiahf wG pkjyKv
H u
dk f awmfro
l nfaMumifh
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ESihf twl,OS af jy;&if; refusn;f ukid ;f cyferfd ehf rd u
hf dk jrifonft
h wGuf aoG;
vefjY y;D vSr;f qGrJ yd gonfb&k m;- ukid ;f qG&J if; opfyifay:a&muf&
dS acG;rsm; &efuvGwu
f if;
awmhrS rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ukd owd&awmfrv
l Ydk jyefqif;um acG;tkyaf emufvu
dk jf y;D cJEiS hf
xkjy;D ESrd ef if;&ef tarSmifxJ cJudk uke;f jy;D taumufvu
dk f rpifyHk EIu
d rf yd gobk&m;}}
]]o[mjzifh iguk,
d af wmfjrwf uHaumif;onf qk&d rnfy ? ajy;&if; vTm;&if; a&wGi;f
wef;Mu;D ckezf rf;jy;D wkid u
f v
dk rS ;f ajceJY tcsw
d v
f u
dk rf mS ighaemufawmfudk tajy;aumif;eJY
vku
d v
f mwJh acG;ESpaf umif ok;H aumif a&wGi;f xJ tm;vGeMf uukew
f maMumifh use&f &dS pfwhJ
acG;awG vSnahf jy;ukeMf uvkaYd ygh iarmifMu;D &m}}
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D rSmvnf; vufEpS zf ufpvk;H wGif ayusaH eaomrpiferYH sm;rSm uGseaf wmf
Mu;D tm; rcHr&yfEidk af tmif eHapmf ysKd Utefvmawmfro
l nft
h wGuf vufudk a&aq;&ef a&
t&SmrSm uif;orm;rsm;ESihf awGU tcsKyt
f aESmifc&H ygonfb&k m;}}
]]iarmifMu;D vJ tcsKycf &H ig uk,
d af wmfjrwfMu;D vJ csr;f jrom\ t&yfu qifjzLuef
ocsKi ;f Z&yfrmS tem;,l&if; pufawmfac:rdwmaMumifh okb&mZmawGu olaoxifrw
S f
78
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
wk;d a0S
Y tay:okYd wuf&ef MuKd ;pm;aeoHrsm;ukd rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tarmajz&if; Mum;
ae&ygonf/ a&wGi;f abmifay:xkid
f tarmajz&if; Mum;ae&aom acG;oHrsm;aMumifh
*&kPmpdwrf sm;yif ,kzd w
d v
f mygonf/
*&kPmw&m; Mu;D rm;vSaom rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;rSm a&wGi;f xJrS acG;rsm;ukd rnfuhJ
okYd q,f,&l rnfuydk if pOfpm; pdwu
f ;l vku
d yf gao;onf/ MuKd ;&Sn&f n
S f wacsmif;ESihf jcif;
Mu;D wvk;H om r&Syd gu rnforYdk Q q,f,al &;twGuf tusKd ; roufa&mufEidk af Mumif;? ,ck
avmavmq,f tajctaet& MuKd ;ESihf jcif;&&Szd &Ydk efvnf; rvG,u
f yl gaMumif; rif;w&m;
Mu;D bk&m; oabmaygufawmfrb
l o
d nf/
xkaYd Mumifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf u,fq,fa&;vkyif ef;ukd vufavQmv
h u
dk jf y;D eHeuf
vif; a&Teef;awmfwiG ;f jyefvnf a&muf&u
dS rif;csi;f wku
Yd dk q,f,&l ef apvTwrf nf [k
qk;H jzwfvu
dk yf gonf/ ,ckryS if rdru
d ,
dk u
f dk rdrd rnfuo
hJ Ydk jyKvyk af qmif&u
G &f rnfudk awG;
awmzkYd owd&awmfrv
l mygonf/
i,fusG e&f if; vufpaJG wmf iarmifMu;D wa,muf rnfonfh ae&mwGif a&muf&adS ernf
ukv
d nf; rawG;wwfEidk af tmif jzpf&ayonf/ rdrd uk,
d w
f idk v
f nf; ,ckvdk uif;orm;rsm;
aygrsm;vSjy;D acG;avacG;vGihf rsm;jym;vSonfh &wemykH aejynfawmftwGi;f olww
Ydk awG
ukd vGwu
f if;atmif auGUywfa&Smifvo
JG mG ;&ef rvG,u
f rl eS ;f odvmygonf/
,cktcsed o
f nf oef;acgif,t
H csed o
f mom &Syd gao;onf/ eHeufvif;onfw
h ikd af tmif
use&f adS eao;onfh tcsed rf sm;ukd rnfuo
hJ Ydk ukev
f eG af patmif jyK&ygrnfenf;/ pOf;pm;&if;
jrKd Ut0if txGurf sm;wGif &Sw
d wfaom Z&yfwaqmifaqmifay: oGm;a&muf tdypf uf&if;
tcsed u
f ek v
f eG af pjcif;onfom ab;tuif;qk;H jzpfrnfudk wGuq
f rdygonf/
wGuq
f csuu
f dk tjy;D wkid f qk;H jzwfawmfrjl y;D a&wGi;f abmifay:rS xvsuf awmifbuf
pl;pl;okYd xGucf mG oGm;awmfryl gavonf/ pdwaf t; vufat; vrf;avQmuf awmfral vrS
ca&mif;awmtwGi;f jzwfeif; oGm;&onfh ajcz0g;awmfwrYdk mS em& usi&f rSe;f odvmyg
onf/ zdeyfawmfrmS ajy;&if; vTm;&if; rnfonfh ae&mwGif uGswu
f se&f pfreS ;f rodEidk af wmh
yg/
'Dvdk avQmuf&if; rMumrSD jrKd Uawmifjyif csr;f jrompnf t&yf&dS qifjzLuef ocsK id ;f okYd
a&muf&v
dS mygonf/ vta&mifatmufwiG f jrifawGUae&aom tkw*f l azG;azG;ESihf ajrykrH sm;
u ocsK i;f jzpfaMumif;ukd oufaocHaeygonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; 'DawmhrS oufjyif;&J&J cs0yhH gawmhonf/ Z&yf trsm;tjym;
&So
d nft
h eufrS acsmifusaom Z&yfMu;D wckay:wuf tdy&f ef ae&m a&T;cs,yf gonf/
vta&mif uif;aom tarSmif&yd f wae&mrS axmifw
h ckudk tdypf uf&ef owfrw
S jf y;D ykq;dk
p wbufjzifh zkerf sm;ukd okwo
f if &Si;f vif;jy;D pufawmfryl gawmhonf/ yifyef;awmfrv
l m
onft
h &Sed jf zifh ESpEf pS f jcKd ujf cKd uf pufawmfac: aysmaf wmfryl gonf/
84
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
]]a[h....irku
d o
f m;aumifawG ? ighu,
dk 0f wf ykq;dk jyefay;ygbd/ ig[m aoolr[kwf
rlreS f odujyyD /J eifwYdk ,lonfh ykq;dk jyefay;yg}}
]]at;[J.h ....aoolr[kwrf rl eS ;f awmh odujy/D eifu,
dk 0f wf jyefvcdk sif oyqk&d if
igwkYd tdyyf sujf y;D bmypn;f rS r&avorkYd igeJY vufyrf;owfvYdk eifEikd &f if eifh uk,
d 0f wf
ykq;dk jyefay;&rygh ? eif&;HI &ifawmh eifu,
dk 0f wfyq
k ;dk ig,lyr,f ? ESpjf cKd u&f UJ vm;}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; 'Dvrf;rSv
JG wjcm;enf;jzifh jyefvnf&,l&ef vrf;prjrif
awmhojzifh olwt
Ydk vku
d dk vufcv
H u
dk &f onf/
]]at;....eifq
h pdk um;twkid ;f jryJ ap/ eifph um; rwnfrMunfc&hJ if jrKUd 0efudk wkid f
Mum;jy;D tjypf&ap&rnfy}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf tavmif;rif;w&m;Mu;D tEG,af wmfyyD D &J&ifo
h jl zpfayonf/
rif;om;wkYd oifMum;wwfajrmuftyfaom t|m&o wpfq,f&h pS &f yfuv
kd nf; wwfajrmuf
oljzpfayonf/ xkjYd yif &Sr;f ? ,Ge;f ? Aef&n
S q
f &m ? Aefwq
dk &mrsm;xHrv
S nf; Aefwdk Aef&n
S f
rsm;udk pepfwus oifMum;xm;oljzpf uk,
d cf yH nmaumif;ygonf/ okyYd ifjzpfvifu
h pm;
,ck vufyrf;owf&rnf qkjd yefawmh uk,
d rf uGsr;f usiaf om ynmjzpfojzifh *&kjyK owf
ykw&f rnf[k qk;H jzwfawmfryl gonf/
wbufrS rnf;rnf;o@mefoo
l nf Avaumif;[ef wlayonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
xko
d \
l vIy&f mS ;rIMunfrh &d m uawmif;ajrm ufaeatmif MuKd u
f vufyrf;aygif; wajzmif;
ajzmif;cwfvsuf vufyrf;owf&ef [efa&;jyaeygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; olvdk
[efa&;jy jyefvnf jcrd ;f ajcmuf&ef pdwu
f ;l ygonf/
uawmif;MuKd u&f ef ykq;dk ukd jyifjyefygonf/ arhavsmah eaom pdwaf wmftwGuf rif;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; jyK;H rdygonf/ uawmif;MuKd upf &m rvkad wmhonfEiS hf vufyrf;aygif;
cwfygonf/ vufyrf;aygif; cwforH mS vnf; rnf;rnf;vlvdk wajzmif;ajzmif; xGurf vm
rlyJ wajzmif;ajzmif; jrnf&rnfhtpm; wzswfzswf jrnfoHom rxGufcsif xGufcsifESifh
xGuaf y:vmygonf/
vufyrf;cwfot
H wGuf wzuf&eforl mS rif;w&m;Mu;D tay: txifao;oGm;ygonf/
]]uk,
d v
hf l vufyrf;cwfoMH um;&wm rD;aeonf nn;f oHeYJ wloAs ? usKyu
f dk Ekid af tmif
owfEidk o
f y qk&d if uk&d ifyq
k ;dk jyefay;&krH ubJ tvk&d &dS m t&yfa&mufatmif uke;f yk;d jy;D
jyef&apr,fAsm}}
]]eifvnf; ighudk tEkid o
f wf Ekid o
f yqk&d if eift
h wGuf ighu,
dk 0f wf ykq;dk tjyif aiGawmf
ig;&mvnf; ay;rnfy}}
]]tvk.d ....'Dvl <u,f0[ef &So
d [ iuGs&J ? oif;ukd igtEkid f owfrAsm / 'grS igh
rSm uk,
d af &;uvleYJ oufawmifo
h ufom aeEkid af yr,f....[D;[D;}}ajym&if; oabmus
auseyf[efEiS hf vIu
d v
f u
dI v
f v
JS JS [D;xk;d aeygonf/
86
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
vifrw
S af ebdonfvm; ? 'Dtcsed o
f nf jrKd U0efrif;bk&m;onf olrY ,m;av;ESihf zufpuf
awmfac:vkYd aysmaf wmfrq
l J &Sad wmhrnfy ighv&l }}
OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; rcHcsipf w
d rf sm; jzpfay:vmjy;D olMu;D rsuEf mS ukd wHawG;jzifv
h rS ;f
axG;&if;.....
]]acG;om; ? ighrsuEf mS ukd aphaphMunfph rf; ? eifa&Teef;awmfMu;D xJ ra&mufb;l avonf
rdYk ? ighrod rjrifb;l avonfy ? vufpaJG wmf a&TarmifMu;D qko
d nfrmS igbJ[}}[k Murd ;f armif;
vku
d o
f nf/
a&TarmifMu;D Murd ;f armif;oH Mum;&awmhrS olMu;D rSm aMumuf&rnft
h pm; ol,rHk w
S f
aeovk d b0if j rif h a om t&l ; wa,muf [ k twnf j yK ol Y w ynh f w a,muf t m;
]]Murd af umif;wvk;H ay;prf;yg ijrKd if ? 'Dt&l;ukd Murd af q; wku
d af uGs; upm&ayvdrrhf Asm;}}
[kajymvku
d o
f nf/
olMu;D \ wynfv
h nf; q&mhtrdet
Yf wkid ;f Murd v
f ;Hk uk,
d v
l suf olMu;D vuf0,foYkd ay;
tyfvu
dk yf gonf/ OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; olMu;D tm; atmf[pf qJqMdk urd ;f 0g;ygonf/ olMu;D
vnf; tqJc&H ojzifh a'goykx
d u
G u
f m OD;a&TarmifMu;D ukd Murd jf zifh wtm; qG&J u
dk yf gonf/
&ku
d af v qJav ? qJav &ku
d af vjzpfaeojzifh qlno
H aH Mumifh &yfuu
G t
f wGi;f rS vltrsm;
vma&muf Munf&h MI uygonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D uk,
d af y:wGiv
f nf; Murd v
f ;Hk &m tvQKd ;tpif;rsm;jzifh jynfEh u
S af eygav
onf/ vmMunfo
h rl sm;jzifjh ynfEh u
S af eygavonf/ vmMunfo
h rl sm;xJwiG f tdyzf efawmfom;
wa,mufyg&SdvmonfaMumifh xkdtdyfzefawmfom;uyif.....
]]olMu;D rif; ? vlrmS ;aeyaygh ? 'gyif;wvJpm; vufpaJG wmfMu;D OD;a&TarmifMu;D y olMu;D /
ausacsmatmif jyKral yrS oufom&m &awmhr,fAsm}}
uHtm;avsmpf mG a&muf&v
dS maom tdyzf efawmfom; ajymMum;csuaf Mumifh olMu;D rSm
rsuv
f ;Hk jyL;oGm; &ygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMu;D tm; xdww
f ;Hk rS jzKw
f tdraf y:okYd ayGUcsrD wif
um 'Pf&mrsm;ukd eEGi;f ESihf aq;rsm; vdr;f us
H tEl;tnTwaf wmif;yefygavonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; olMu;D wa,muftaejzifh i,fom;rsm; ajymorQ ,kMH unfojl zpf
onf/ trIudk trSet
f uef rppfaMumbJ xdww
f ;Hk t&ifcwfwwfonfh trltusiahf Mumifh
olMu;D tjzpfEiS rhf wef&m/ okt
Yd wGuf &mxl;rSxw
k yf ,f ausmw&m&ifw&m yg;uGuo
f m;
rsm;uk&d u
dk yf gap[k jrKd U0efrif;tm;arwm&yfc
H a&Teef;awmftwGi;f okYd jyefomG ;ygavawmh
onf/
aejynfawmftwGi;f tcsed rf hJ oGm;vm&mwGif rD;pD; rD;wkid f rD;tkyaf qmif;ryg r&Sb
d J
roGm;vm&[laom trdeaYf wmf&ydS gavonf/ rD;tkyaf qmif; ,lroGm;rdonfaMumifh awGU
MuK&H aom 'ku okcrsm;twGuf olUuk,
d o
f l ayghavsm&h avrnfvm;[k tjypfwifryd gonf/
ol\ ayghavsmrh aI Mumifv
h nf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;yg Mu;D pGmaom tE&m,fEiS hf &ifqidk cf &hJ
89
cspfpdefvGif
onfuMdk um;od&onft
h wGuv
f nf; pdwrf aumif;jcif; jzpfrad yonf/
(3)
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
]]b,foYdk qkb
d o
d enf;....iarmifMu;D ? iguk,
d af wmf em;awmfr&Si;f vSaybl;/ armif
rif; em;awmfaygufatmif xyfrH avQmufwifprf;y}}
]]bk&m; uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D qifjzLeef;awmf(qifwif;ukw)f a&SUwGif jrif; ESpaf umif t
qifoifh csnaf ESmifxm;cJah Mumif;ygbk&m;....rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ? qifjzLawmf &Ipm;
&if; jyLwif;aygufawmf a&SU&Sd tkwv
f uf&rf;rS ausmv
f mT ; atmufoYdk qif;&ygrnfb&k m;}}
]][J.h ...iarmifMu;D ? tkwv
f uf&rf; rygbJ ajrjyifta&muf tjrifh ckEpS af wmifEiS hf
wrku
d &f o
dS nfudk eifarhaeava&mhonfvm;- 'Davmuf tjrifu
h ckecf s&vkYd iguk,
d af wmf
jrwf usKd ;awmfryl r,f}}
tkwv
f uf&rf;onf ckEpS af wmifw
h xGm tjrif&h adS Mumif; uGseaf wmfrsK;d Mu;D odygonfb&k m;
tkwv
f uf&rf; ay:rS ckecf s&ef r[kwyf gbk&m; ? uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D ta&SUu t&ifqif;jyyg
rnfb&k m; ? uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D qif;onft
h wkid ;f ckeq
f if;vQif vG,u
f al csmarmpGmESiahf tmuf
okYd aMumifus usEidk yf gonfb&k m;}}
]]'Dvq
dk &dk ifvJ eift&ifqif;onfudk iguk,
d af wmfjrwf &Ipm;awmfrjl y;D rS eifu
h dk wkyqif;
&rnfy}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; rdeaYf wmfro
l nfEiS hf OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; tkwv
f uf&rf;ay: ausmf
wuf&if; vuf&rf;tajcay: ausmcf v
G suf &yfygonf/ tkwv
f uf&rf; ta&SUbufrS &yf&if;
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D jyKtyfonfudk aphaph&pI m;awmfryl g ? trSm;wuGuyf g&Syd gu tusouf
omrnf r[kwaf Mumif;yg rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;}}[k avQmufwifvu
dk o
f nf/
ajym&if; olrsuEf mS rlae&mrS rif;w&m;Mu;D tm; ausmay;vsuf vufaemufjyef tkwf
vuf&rf;ukd ukid u
f m zifxidk yf gonf/ okYd zifxidk jf y;D rS xkid af e&mab;ukd vuf ESpzf ufEiS hf
uk,
d v
f rd af pmif;axmufum atmufoYdk avQmcsvu
dk yf gonf/ vufEpS zf ufrS wGaJ vmif;qGJ
&if; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;tm;.....
]]'Dae&mrS vufudk ajzrcsrD tkwcf u
Hk dk ajcESiu
hf ef uk,
d u
f dk uGmapjy;D vufjzKwcf s
vku
d v
f Qif aMumifus usEidk o
f nfudk &Ipm;awmfryl gbk&m;}} [k ajymqkd avQmufxm;&if;
atmufoYdk ckecf svu
dk yf gonf/
]]'Dvq
dk v
dk Qif tvG,o
f m;ygvm; iarmifMu;D &JU}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMu;D jyKvyk o
f nfyh t
Hk wkid ;f jznf;nSi;f pGm ckecf svu
dk f
ygonf/ vufjzKwcf ek rf csrD tcsed af v;wGiyf if OD;a&TarmifMu;D u ]]rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ?
tkwcf u
Hk dk ajcawmfEiS u
hf ef uk,
d af wmfumG aprS ckecf s}} pum;rqk;H rD vufjzKwt
f csvu
dk f
wGif ajrMu;D ESihf tkwcf Hk vGwu
f if;pae&monf tkwrf sm;ukd qifajcavQm oabmrsKd ;tqkwf
twufrsm; jyKvyk x
f m;ygonf/
nDnw
T rf rI &Sad om tkwcf Hk tqkwt
f wufay:wGif eif;rdawmfr
l rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
rSm uk,
d &f edS rf owfEidk b
f J zifxidk &f uf vJusygonf/
91
ajcaxmuf ESpaf csmif;rSm rk;d okYd axmifomG ;ygavonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; 0wfqif
xm;aom ykq;dk rsuEf mS awmfay:okYd wkid af tmif zk;H vTr;f oGm;ojzifh atmufyidk ;f rSm Avm
usi;f vsuf i,fawmfygrSm twkid ;f om; ay:xGuaf eygonf/ ykyH ef;ukd jrif&olwidk ;f r&,f
bJ raeEkid af tmif jzpf&rnfreS af omfvnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; &Suaf wmfrrl nfp;dk OD;a&T
armifMu;D rSm r&,f0yhH g/
pyfjzjJ zJ jzpfaom rsuEf mS ukd tyk;d aovsuf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; xlray;&ef tem;
okYd wk;d oGm;onfwiG f vJus&mrS x&yf&if; ykq;dk ukd jyif0wfygavonf/ 'DawmhrS OD;a&Tarmif
Mu;D vnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;wGif ayusaH eaom zkwrf sm;ukd cgay;awmfrv
l u
dk o
f nf/
]]uk,
d af wmf b,fae&mrsm; txdemoGm;ygao;onfvJ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;}}
]]emrusiaf yr,fh t&Sed o
f wfr&wmaMumifh aemufveS v
f &J onf ? eifw
h yk ayrJh r&ygu
vm; iarmifMu;D &JU}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ukd uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D tkwcf u
Hk dk uef uk,
d af wmfumG ap
rS ckecf sawmfr&l ef owdawmfqufqJ t&Sib
f &k m; ckecf sawmfro
l nft
h wGuf rnDnw
T af om
qifajcavQmay: vJusomG ;onft
h wGuf t&Sed rf xde;f Ekid b
f J vJusomG ;&jcif; jzpfaMumif;yg
rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;}}
]]at;....[kwaf yom;bJ iarmifMu;D &JU ? ighcsKd U,Gi;f csuaf yubJ}}
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D rsm; 'Du jrefjrefcmG MurS oifah wmfrnf xifaMumif;yg ? ADZemtenf;
i,ftwGi;f jrKd UwHcg;Mu;D rsm; ydwaf wmhrnfjzpfaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]oGm;Muonfy ? igha&SUu eifbJ vrf;jyayawmh iarmifMu;D &}}
jrif;ay:okYd uk,
d pf w
D ufMujy;D aemuf qifjzLeef;awmf a&SUrSxu
G v
f suf ta&SU bufoYdk
auGUjy;D ajrpku
d ef ef;awmf(a&Tvw
T af wmfMu;D ) a&SUrS jzwfvsuf ajrmufbufoYdk pD;eif;oGm;Mu
ygonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMu;D aemufrS pku
d pf u
dk rf uGm vku
d yf g pD;eif;&if;
pdwaf wmfwiG ;f 0,f pOf;pm;Munfrh yd gonf/ ,ck oGm;&rnfh t&yfonf a&Teef;awmfMu;D \
taemufawmifaxmif(h paeaxmif)h t&yfwiG f &Sad eygonf/
rnfoo
Ydk Ydk taMumif;jzifh ajrmuft&yfoYdk pkid ;f aeMuonfudk awG;awmrdygonf/ 'Dvdk
ESihf ajrmufbuf eef;jrKd UtxGuf a&awmfwcH g; a&muf&ydS gonf/ jrKd UjyifoYdk qufvufp;D eif;
xGucf mG vmMu&if; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; pOf;pm;&if; qdwq
f w
d f vku
d yf g vmcJyh gav
onf/
a&Teef;jrKd Uawmf ajrmufbufyg;&Sd tr&|meDt&yfrS jzwfoef; ajrmufp;l pl;okYd quf
vufp;D eif; aejyefawmhojzifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; raeEkid af wmhbJ OD;a&TarmifMu;D
jrif;trSDvkduf&if;.....
]][J.h ....iarmifMu;D eifb,fudk oGm;rnfaMumifh ajrmufp;l pl;okYd jrif;ESiaf e&oenf;}}
92
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
[k tar;awmf &Sv
d u
dk o
f nf/
]]rSev
f yS g ? jynfMu;D aysmb
f ,
G f t&yfudk rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; oGm;vko
d nf[k rdeaYf wmf
rlcsuaf Mumifh jynfMu;D aysmb
f ,
G t
f &yfqu
D dk oGm;&ef vmcJjh cif; jzpfaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]][J.h ...iarmifMu;D eif&;l aeovm; ? jynfMu;D aysmb
f ,
G f t&yfonf a&Teef;awmfMu;D
taemufawmifa'gifh t&yfwnfw
h nfw
h iG f &So
d nfudk eifrodoavmh ? tb,ftaMumif;
ESihf qefu
Y si&f ma'ookYd a&S;&Iavbdoenf;}}
]]odygonfb&k m; ? uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D onfvnf; jynfMu;D aysmb
f ,
G t
f &yfoYdk rMumrMum
a&mufb;l ygonfb&k m; ? ,ck oGm;aeMuonfrmS vJ jynfMu;D aysmb
f ,
G f t&yfoYdk OD;wnf
vsuf oGm;aeMujcif;ygbk&m;}}
]]jrwfpmG bk&m; ? taemufawmift&yfudk c&D;xGuMf ujcif;ukd ajrmuf t&yfrS vSnchf hJ
onft
h wGuf igtokYd em;vnf&awmhtehH nf; iarmifMu;D }}
]]rif;w&m;Mu;D trdeaYf wmfjrwf rSwaf wmfro
l nfh twkid ;f acG;oHvnf; rMum;& ? vloH
vnf; ruif;uGm&aom vrf;rSomG ;Mu&ef pDpOf&onfrYdk rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pdw0f rf;awmf
cscs uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D aemufawmfrS vku
d af wmfryl gbk&m; ? rif;w&m;Mu;D trdeaYf wmftwkid ;f
uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D rsm;wkYd jynfMu;D aysmb
f ,
G t
f &yf ta&mufEiS Mf urnfudk xyfrH avQmufxm;
&ygonfbk&m;}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; wdwq
f w
d pf mG jzifh jrif;ukd ESi&f if; OD;a&TarmifaemufrS waumuf
aumufEiS hf vku
d yf gavawmhonf/ 'DvEdk iS hf OD;a&TarmifMu;D wkYd uGsef t&Sif ESpyf g;wko
Yd nf
rEav;awmif taemufbufab;rS uyf ajrmufp;l pl;okYd pD;eif;aeMuygonf/ rif;w&m;
Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d af wmfwiG f odcsif ar;prf;csipf w
d rf sm; wvdyv
f yd f wufvmcJah omfvnf;
OD;a&TarmifMu;D \ tpDtpOfudk tptqk;H odvadk wmfr
l cyfrqdwf vku
d yf gawmfrcl yhJ gonf/
'DwMurd f iarmifMu;D onf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkad wmfEiS hf qefu
Y sicf yhJ gvQif acgif;
jzwfowf&ef tmPmyg;uGuf vufoYdk tyf&tH[
h k pdww
f iG ;f rS MuK;H 0g; awmfral eygonf/
iarmifMu;D taejzifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tay: cspcf if&adk o av;pm;cJo
h l jzpfygonf/rif;
w&m;bk&m; tvkad wmfuv
dk nf; aqmif&u
G af y;cJo
h nfom jzpfcyhJ gavonf/
oGm;a&mufv&dk mt&yfoYdk ykaYd qmifay;rnfudk oHo, r&Sad omfvnf; ,ck oGm;aeMu
onfrmS qefu
Y sib
f uft&yfojYdk zpfaeyg rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;taejzift
h awmftpOf;pm;
& Muyfaeygavonf/
rMumygacs/ OD;a&TarmifMu;D ESihf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;wkv
Yd nf; tk;d bkad vSqyd o
f Ydk a&muf
&Sv
d mygonf/ 'DawmhrS rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMu;D \ tpDtpOf wpdww
f a'
oukd &dypf m;rdawmfr
l yDwpd w
d jf zif.h .....
]]iarmifMu;D eift
h pDtpOfonf olrwlatmif aumif;rGev
f yS guvm;[&kUd }}[k trdeYf
awmf&Sdvkdufonf/
93
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
yJc;l acsmif;uJo
h Ykd tok;H 0ifvaS yonf/ xkad &Twacsmif;ukd t*Fvyd rf sm; jrefrmEkid if u
H dk odr;f
yku
d jf y;D 15-ESpaf usmMf um a&MunfwcH g;rS o*FZmacsmif;txd zkyYd pfjy;D a&ok;d ajrmif;tjzpf
ajymif;vGJvkdufygonf/)
ADZemtenf;i,ftwGif; okwfokwfjymjymESifh vlwa,muf jrLtkd;wtkd;ESifh
a&waumif; wckukd qGv
J suf a&muf&v
dS monf armifatmifqo
dk u
l avSay:okYd twif
ckid ;f vku
d yf gonf/ uk&d ifatmifu.....
]]jrKd Upm;Mu;D cifAsm;....tm;vk;H tqifoifh &Sad ejyrD Ydk oGm;vku
d oGm;Ekid Mf uygjycD ifAsm}}
[k&adk opGm uk,
d u
f dk ukid ;f nTw
f ajymonfwiG f OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
bufvn
S v
hf suf ]]uJ....tqifoifh &Sad yjyrD Ydk uk&d ifaumif;jrwfa& usKyw
f Ydk c&D;qufMu
rnfy}}[k ajymvku
d o
f nf/
]]tdr;f ....aumif;jyD OD;a&TarmifMu;D ? oGm;Muonfy}}[k jyefajymvku
d o
f nf/
avSay:wufa&mufMu avS0rf;twGi;f rsuEf mS csi;f qkid f xkid Mf uygonf/ uk&d ifatmif
qko
d rl mS yJyh idk ;f rS xkid v
f suf avSmw
f ufuu
dk idk u
f m avSmcf wfygonf/ avSxu
G v
f Qif pm;awmf
tkyu
f dk rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&SUawmfcsvsuf ES;D cGuw
f iG ;f okYd a&waumif;twGi;f xef;a&
rsm;iJu
h m rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; urf;vku
d yf gonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; vSr;f
,lvkdufygonf/
]]'D[m b,fawmu ,lvmonfh xef;&nfvJ OD;a&TarmifMu;D &JU}}
]]uaemifu,
dk af wmfMu;D awmuyg ? ,Ofys&H mG wGif ,cktcsed af vmufqv
dk Qif uaemif
tdraf &SUpHEiS hf tazmfwoif;wkYd aysmyf cJG if;aecsed yf uk&d ifaumif;jrwf&UJ }}
yGaJ wmftyk t
f wGi;f rS pm;p&mrsm;rSm pkv
H ifvyS gayonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; MuKd uw
f wf
aom y'yfom;uifvnf; yg0ifygonf/ aomuf&if;pm;&if;eJY ,pfa&T&nf wefc;dk jzifh rif;
w&m;Mu;D ESihf OD;a&TarmifMu;D wkv
Yd nf; Z&ufrif; pnf;pdrcf pH m;ae&ayjy/D
a&Munfawmfyefquf wHcg;avqdyw
f iG f tcsed jf zKe;f &if; &yfem; xrif;pm;aomufjy;D
rS qufvuf pkeq
f if;Muygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; toH0gMu;D jzifh oDcsi;f oDqydk g
avonf/ olwYdk oDqadk tmf[pfoaH Mumifh tcsKd UavSrsm;rS aygif;rk;d tjyifoYdk acgif;rsm;jyL
xGu
f Munfo
h l ? urf;ay:rS vufcyk w
f ;D vufuiG ;f rIw
f Mobmay;oHrsm;jzifh jrKd iq
f idk f
vSayonf/
avSorm;ESihf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;wku
Yd oHjyKd io
f q
D Mdk u OD;a&TarmifMu;D u auG;ae
atmifucke&f if; avSudk pkeq
f if;Muygonf/ oDqo
dk nfh oDcsi;f rSmvnf; &wemykaH cwfqD
u tifrwef a&yef;pm;onfh zk;d acgifMuL;ausmf ref;awmif&;dk ay: ykq;dk aygif xrDaygif
uwf&u
dk &f atmif(usew
f mukd xef;&nfaomuf bde;f &SL&atmif)2 qko
d nfo
h cD si;f yifjzpfyg
onf/
'DvEdk iS hf aqmifeef;&dyo
f m avSqyd t
f a&muf OD;a&TarmifMu;D u avSu&dk yfwefaY pjy;D ...
95
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
awGeYJ wlavovm;}}
'DawmhrS OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; ,pfa&T&nft&Sed af Mumifh arS;aeaom rsupf d ESpv
f ;Hk ukd
aoaocsmcsm zGiMhf unfjh y;D .....
]]rSev
f yS g ? vlysKd awmfom;rsm; jzpfEidk af Mumif;ygbk&m; ? olwYdk 0wfpm;qif,ifyrHk sm;rSm
vnf; eef;wGi;f vlysKd awmf t0wftpm;om jzpfaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
wD;wk;d 0ifavQmuf&if; qufvuf.....
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D oGm;a&muf pkpH rf;Munfyh grnfb&k m; ? rD;tkyaf qmif;ukd ,lawmfr
l
a[m[k.d ..opfyif&yd rf mS apmifph m;awmfryl g&ef bk&m;}}[k rD;tkyu
f dk ay;tyfawmfrjl y;D
OD;a&Tarmifvnf; vlysKd awmfom;rsm; &S&d m OD;wnfomG ;ygavonf/ vlysKd awmfom;rsm;xJ
rS OD;a&TarmifMu;D ukd odusG r;f ol yg&Sad eojzifh xkv
d yl sKd awmfom;av;uyif....
]]tvk.d ...yif;wvJpm;Mu;D ygvm; ? tb,foaYdk om taMumif;jzifh 'Duv
dk monfv}J }
]]ighwMl u;D rsm;vkyd ? usKyrf w
d af qGwa,muf tnmu a&mufvm&So
d rkYd olt
Y m; vku
d v
f H
ykaYd y;&jcif;ayy ? twGi;f aqmifwiG f tolrsm; &Sb
d o
d enf;}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? ru&mrif;om;Mu;D &Sad wmfral Mumif;yg ? ckeuyif yifv,frif;om;(ac:
oEDrif;om;)wkdYwawGvnf; vmawmfrlao;onf}}
]]tdr;f ...aumif;oAsm; ? aumif;oAsm; ? ighwMl u;D rsm; b,ftcsed x
f d aeawmfrrl nf
vkrYd sm; rif;om;Mu;D trSmtMum; &So
d nfv}J }
]]oef;acgif,H tcsed f jyefEidk &f ef ajymMum;oHawmh Mum;rdygonf/ nDawmf rvGerf if;
om; pHtrd af wmfwiG f pufawmfrrl nf xif&aMumif;yg yif;wvJpm;Mu;D Asm;}}
]]wjcm;tdraf wG avQmufomG ;ayOD;r,fAsmh ? ighwMl u;D rsm;u 'krYd sm; 'Duv
dk maMumif;ukd
rif;om;ukrd wifvu
dk Mf uygeJY rif;om;Mu;D rSwqifh olwb
Ydk crnf;awmfrif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
Mum;odawmfrv
l Qif Murd ;f armif;qlyl a&Tpw
d af wmf jiLplae&if tcpm; cufr,fAsm}h }
vlysKd awmfom;rsm;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMu;D ajymoHqo
dk H [efyefwu
Ydk dk auseyfEpS o
f rd jhf cif;
jzifh vufcyk f vuf0g;rsm;yif wD;cwf&,farm&if; use&f pfcMhJ uygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
apmifah eaomopfyif&yd af tmufoYdk oGm;a&mufjy;D ESpaf ,mufom;wD;wk;d ajymqkMd uygonf/
om;awmfEpS yf g;ESihf ta>ct&Htoif;tyif;rsm; rjrifrawGU&avatmif acwa&Smif&mS ;ae
jy;D rS olwYdk jyefcsed af vmufMurS wacgufjyefvmMu&ef rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkad wmfus
qk;H jzwfawmfrjl y;D avSxm;&Scd &hJ mokYd jyefMuygavonf/
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D rsm avSqu
dk u
f yfxm;&m t&yf ta&SUpl;pl; wac:tuGmavmufwiG f
orm;awmficJtrd f &Syd gonfb&k m; ? icJtrd f pwnf;csjy;D oef;acgifausmrf S 'Dujdk yefvmvQif
rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;twGuf yifyef;awmfrlrnf r[kwfaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]&Syd ap iarmifMu;D &JU wkrYd sm; avSay:wGif pufawmfac:&if; oef;acgifausmrf S xoGm;
Muonfy ? icJtrd f oGm;aejyef&ifvJ iguk,
d af wmfMu;D ,ckuo
hJ Ydk xGuv
f monfo
h wif;tjyif
97
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
xkrd w
S qufwnf; euw(f 27)vk;H \ yko
H @mefrsm;ukyd g oifMum;cJ&h jyefonfudk owd
&rdygavonf/
]]tmom0wD ajcmufv;Hk nDwjl y;D jrif;acgif;vkd b&PDrmS ok;H vk;H om yrm&kaH vmufvdk
(caemufv)dk Muwu
d m Mu,fcEk pS o
f ,
G f Muufi,f pkovkd q,fv;Hk wnD a&m[PD wljyD
ig;Muif;vkd rd*oDrmS ok;H vk;H om a0g[mvdyaf cgif;vkd vdyv
f ufac:Mu tjE{ u wvk;H qkd
ykPz o
k QL; ig;vk;H jyL; EIid ;f wkoabFmvkd ? iSuaf cs cHoiG ;f ? q,fv;Hk jrif;ac: oGi;f zkoQqdk ?
tvdo av;vk;H & wkrQcuf&if;vk}d }
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; aumif;uifeuww
f m&mrsm;ukd wckpD wckpD pmqkEd iS n
hf D
rnD wku
d rf wku
d f ppfaq;&if; tmumoeuwo
f bifwiG f tawG;epfjrK yaf eqJ OD;a&Tarmif
Mu;D vnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; rvSr;f rurf;rSxidk
f ajymif;zl;zufaq;vdyMf u;D wzGm;
zGm; aomuf&if; apmifah &Smufaeygonf/ aq;vdyt
f &omcH&if; aomufaepOf pum;ql
nHpmG ajymqkv
d mMuaom vli,fwoku
d f jrifr
d vSr;f Munfrh yd gonf/
ru&mrif;om;ESihf taygif;yg vlysKd awmfom;woku
d f jzpfMu[ef wlygonf/ oef;acgif
tcsed w
f idk af tmif aernf[k ajymcJMh uaom olwrYdk mS tb,faMumifh tapmMu;D jyefvmbd
oenf; ? ,cktwkid ;f qkyd gvQif oef;acgiftcsed w
f idk &f ef wA[k&d af wmhvadk yOD;rnf/ okjYd zpf
olwrYdk nfonfah e&m oGm;onfudk od&&dS ef tuJcwfrS oifah wmfayrnf[k atmufarhum
rvSr;f rurf;rS vku
d v
f MH unf&h &I ef xygavonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D wkYd &yfem;xm;aom avSawmfajrmufbuf 0g;ok;H av;&ku
d t
f uGm&Sd wH
wm;av;ay: jzwfausm
f ta&SUbufurf; ul;oGm;Muonfudk jrif&ojzifh rvGerf if;om;
pHtrd af wmfqo
D Ydk OD;vSnrhf nfrmS aocsmoavmufjzpfae tomt,mjyefvn
S u
hf m rif;
w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tyg;okYd wk;d uyfomG ; avoHjzif.h ...
]]rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ? om;awmfMu;D ru&mrif;om;ESihf taygif;ygrsm; rdpyfxrH S jyef
vmMujyD jzpf uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D rsm; oGm;&ef tcgawmf &ygjyb
D &k m;}}
]]aocsm&JUvm; iarmifMu;D &JU ? pdw0f rf;awmf cscs oGm;Ekid u
f mrS oGm;Mu&&if raumif;
aybl;vm;}}
]]rSev
f yS g rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ? aumif;uifarmh euww
f m&mrsm;ukd pdw0f ifpm;pGm
Munf&h aI eawmfrq
l J ru&mrif;om;Mu;D wkYd toku
d rf mS 'Durf;eHab;rS jzwfoef;oGm;onf
ukd jrifryd gonfb&k m;}}
]]'Dvq
dk &dk ifvJ oGm;Muonfy iarmifMu;D &}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; jyefvnf ajzMum;&if; avSawmfay:rS qif;um OD;a&Tarmif
Mu;D tem;okYd avQmufvmygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; rD;tkyu
f dk xGe;f nSjd y;D aemuf rif;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&SUawmfrS vrf;jy&if; rdpyftrd o
f Ydk vrf;jyac:aqmifomG ;ygonf/
rdpyftrd af &SU a&mufonfwiG f rD;jird ;f wHcg;ydwx
f m;onfudk awGU& OD;a&TarmifMu;D
99
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
xko
d Ydk tcsed u
f u
dk n
f rD eS u
f efcyhJ gvQif eef;jrKd Uawmf twGi;f okYd 0ifMu&efom jzpfygawmh
onf/ okjYd zpf c&D;rzifah p&ef a&qefjzpf OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; avSwufwacsmif;ESihf
a&qefudk avSmcf wfay;ygonf/ xkt
d csed f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf uk,
d af wmfvnf;yrf;
pdwaf wmfvnf; EGr;f [efjzifh avSay:wGif pufawmfac:&if; vku
d yf gawmfrcl yhJ gonf/
pufawmfac:&mrS pGv
J ef;aom Oyg'gefaMumifh a,mif&rf;&if; a&TEw
I af wmfrS [pfatmf
vku
d af om rif;w&m;Mu;D \ pum;oHrmS ]]awmuf....cgcsOaf umifwahJ [h}}
cspfpdefvGif
103
cspfpdefvGif
104
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
'l;awmfr[kwo
f nfwhJ
r,fr,fb&k m;a&
(5)
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
]]xkt
d ajymif;tvTrJ sm;ukd rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tm;usawmfrw
l ,fvYdk rdeq
Yf dk awmfryl g
onfvm;bk&m;}}
]]b,fEh ,
S f tm;rusbJ aeyghrnfvJ icJ&UJ ? 'Dvdk jzpfap&atmif icJbJ aqmif&u
G af y;
awmfrw
l ,f rSwo
f [J}h }
]]rSev
f yS g ? uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D yif aq;awmf pD&ifay;awmfr&l ygonfb&k m;}}
]]tdr;f ....'Dvdk aq;awmfrsKd ; wvuf iguk,
d af wmfjrwftwGuf pD&ifjy;D quf&r,f
As ? jrefjrefp&D ifjy;D qufoayawmh}}
]]'Daq;awmf qufoa&;twGuf vG,rf a,mifEiS hf cufc&J wwfygonfb&k m; ? tcsed f
awmf tenf;qk;H (6)v Mumygrnf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ? (6)vESihf ratmifjrifygvQiw
f
ESpt
f xd Mum&Sw
d wfygonfb&k m;}}
]]nDnt
D wGuf qufoonfh aq;awmfwek ;f u b,favmuf MumovJ icJ&UJ ? 'Davmuf
awmifMumavonfvm;}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? uaemifu,
dk af wmfMu;D twGuf aq;awmfp&D ifcsed rf mS tcgawmfoifv
h o
S nf
jzpf (6)vESihf atmifjrifygonf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;}}
]]'Dxuf jrefatmif MupH nf rjzpfaybl;vm; icJ&UJ ? aiGeYJ a&TeYJ pufjy;D tok;H jyKpD
&ifvaYdk um r&aybl;vm; icJ&UJ }}
]]Opmypn;f rsm;ESihf puf tvJtvS,f jyKr&Ekid af Mumif;ygrif;w&m;Mu;d bk&m; ? tcg
awmf oifjh rwfygrSom (6)vESihf &Ekid af Mumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]o[mjzifh &Sad pawmhAsm; ? aq;awmf pD&ifzYdk b@mwku
d af wmfrS tvk&d o
dS rQ orm;
awmfMu;D xkw,
f o
l ;Hk pGcJ iG hf &Sad pAsm;}}
]]aq;0g;zk;d c ukeu
f s&ef taMumif;r&Syd g rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; ? uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D ukd
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkad wmfral om t&G,u
f o
dk m trde&Yf adS wmfryl gbk&m;}}
]]tvk.d ...w,fjy;D xl;jcm;vSyguvm; [&kUd ? iguk,
d af wmfjrwf tvk&d &dS m t&G,t
f
pm; jzpfatmif eifp&D ifay;Ekid w
f ,f [kwpf }}
]]rSev
f yS g ? jyKvyk af y;Ekid af Mumif;ygbk&m; ? cEaA'usr;f eJY aboZaq;usr;f tvkt
d &
t&G,af wmfudk &So
d ifo
h nfxuf ykrd ydk gvQiv
f nf; ab;ruif;wwfyg ? touftE&m,fyif
pk;d &dr&f ygonfb&k m; ? a&mufoifh ae&mxufvnf; ra&mufEidk yf g/ jrif;Zmwf ? EGm;vuf?
vlcsu[
f k aq;ynmtvkt
d & xkad e&mrsm;xuf yk
d ra&muf&EdS idk yf g/ vko
d nfxuf ykrd jdk yK
vkyaf y;ygu xko
d u
l dk aoaq;auGs;onfEiS hf rjcm;bJ tm&kaH Mumrsm; jywf toufao
qk;H &rnf trSeyf g rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;}}
]]o[mjzifh ighnaD wmf uaemiftrd af &SUpH b,fvdk jyKro
l vJ/ ol&UJ vkyef nf; vky[
f ef
od&rS ykrd dk aumif;rnf xify icJ&}}
]]aq;awmf pD&if&rnfh ol\ t&yftarmif;ESihf vku
d
f jyKvyk &f vQif toifah vsmq
f ;Hk yg
109
bk&m; ? t&yf&n
S o
f l &Sno
f ifah yonf/ t&yfyo
k rl mS vnf; olt
Y xGmESio
hf o
l m aumif;yg
onfb&k m;/ uaemif tdraf &SUpHu,
dk af wmfMu;D rSm olt
Y xGmESihf vufEpS o
f pf tpGe;f xGut
f
wkid ;f twm ay;ygonfb&k m;}}
]]'Dvq
dk &dk if oifjh rwfvaS yonf orm;awmfMu;D a& ? iguk,
d af wmfjrwf twkid ;f twmukd
vnf; ,ckyif ay;&rnfvm;}}
]]oifjh rwfvyS gonfb&k m; ? 'Dy&k yku
d af y: a&;om;ay;awmfryl g ? tvsm;ESihf vk;H ywfudk
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tESpo
f ufq;Hk ESihf ab;tuif;qk;H t&G,af wmfjzpfapygvQif uGseaf wmf
rsKd ;Mu;D apmvsipf mG aq;awmfjyKpyk grnfb&k mm;}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; orm;awmficJ qufoaom yk&yku
d Ef iS hf uefu
Y q
l u
H idk u
f m
pOf;pm;&if; a&;vku
d f zsuv
f u
dk Ef iS hf ok;H av;Murd rf Q jyKvyk jf y;D onfah emufrS yk&yku
d u
f dk orm;
awmfMu;D vufoYdk ay;tyfvu
dk &f if;.....
]]'Daq;awmf atmifjrif acsmarmpGmESihf qufoEkid v
f Qif icJtwGuf qkawmfvmbfawmf
rsm; ay;oem;awmfrlrAsm;}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; rdeaYf wmfr&l if; ae&mrS xawmfro
l jzifh orm;awmfO;D cJvnf;
ajcawmfOD;ckduf&if;....
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D MuKd ;pm;jy;D aq;awmfudk tjrefjy;D ajrmuf atmifjrifap&ef pD&ifquf
oygrnf rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;}}
yef;ckaH wmfrS xGuaf wmfral om rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; wifavQmufvu
dk yf gonf/
(2)
wckaom eHeufcif;ykid ;f wGif bD&v
dk n
S ;f wpD;onf a&Teef;awmf jrKd U&k;d twGi;f &Sd yif;wvJ
pm; OD;a&TarmifMu;D tdraf wmf0if;twGi;f 0ifa&mufvmonf/ eHeufpmpm;&ef jyKaeaom
yif;wvJpm;Mu;D onf rpm;ao;bJ bD&v
dk n
S ;f qDoYdk Munfah erdygonf/ xko
d Ykd Munfah eqJ
bD&v
dk n
S ;f twGi;f rS pOfb
h ;l i,fwckuykd u
dk v
f suq
f if;vmaom orm;awmfO;D cJudk jrif&onfh
twGuf 0rf;omtJv
h J c&D;OD;MuKd jyKonft
h aeESihf OD;cJ &S&d mokYd qif;oGm;ygavonf/
]]apmvScsnv
f m; oli,fcsi;f &m ? b,fuo
dk mG ;rnfh &nf&,
G cf sujf zifh vmayoenf;/ qkd
prf;ygh}}
]]wjcm; oGm;p&m r&Syd gbl; iarmif&m ? rif;w&m;Mu;D xHyg; oGm;zkb
Yd J ? o[mayrifh
jrKd U0ifwcH g;rSm tdyzf efawmfom; wa,mufEiS ahf wGU& pkpH rf;Munfv
h u
dk af wmh eiftrd jf yef
tdyo
f nf[k od& 0ifvmcJjh cif; ayaygh iarmif&m}}
]]'Dvq
dk &dk ifvJ rif;w&m;Mu;D xHyg;tcpm;0if&if usKyyf gtwl vku
d af pcsiw
f o
hJ abmESihf
110
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
tac:vmonf xifygh}}
]]twlvu
dk v
f v
dk J twlomG ;MuzkyYd ? ae&pfcsiaf o;&ifvJ oli,fcsi;f oabmaybJ ? igh
taeeJu
Y awmh eHeufpm yGaJ wmfrwnfrD aq;awmf qufo&rnf iarmifMu;D &}}
]]tvk.d ...tb,foaYdk om a&m*gaMumifh aq;awmf quf&rnfvJ icJ&UJ / raeYnu
yif rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;xH igtdrf jf yef tdycf iG ahf wmif;avawmh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; uyif
icJaq;awmf tpm;rsm;oGm;avovm; iarmifMu;D &JUvkYd Munfpm;awmfral o;o[}}
]]'gvkd r[kwaf ybl; ? eifwu,f rodordYk ar;onfvm; iarmifMu;D &}}
]]rod&;dk trSeyf gh icJ&m ? rif;w&m;bk&m; ta&;udpE iS hf b,fwek ;f ursm; eifu
h dk igo
a&mfb;l ajymifb;l ovJ icJ&UJ }}
]]o[mjzifh eifarhvo
Ydk m jzpf&rnfy ? ig,ck qufo&rnfh aq;awmfonf xGm;aq;
MuD;y}}
]]ightjypfy oli,fcsi;f &m ? igwu,f arhaerdygo[ icJ&m ? 'DtaMumif;udk 'Drif;w
&m;MuD;bk&m; rodygapeJU}}
]]at;y....iarmifMu;D & ? 'D[mvnf; igwkYd eifwYdk uk,
d af &;rS r[kwrf b
l J trSw&f
csirf S &ayraygh/ iguk,
d w
f idk u
f vJ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;twGuf wm0efay;tyf cefx
Y m;onfh
wynfw
h yef;u tcsed af ph a&mufaMumif;ajymMum;avrS aq;awmf pD&if&onf iarmifMu;D
& ? ESp&f n
S v
f rsm; Mumawmhvnf; wm0efvpf[if;&onf r[kwaf yrifh udpr sm;ajrmifvl
wkaYd bmiftwGi;f &ke;f uef vIy&f mS ;&oolrsm;tzkYd arhavsmah yrnfy}}
obm0usvaS om icJpum;aMumifh OD;a&TarmifMu;D crsmvnf; jyK;H &,fvmEkid u
f m]]ig
wkrYd if;wkw
Yd awG[m rif;w&m;Mu;D vufpaJG wmfMu;D rsm; jzpfMuonfreS af omfvnf; t&m&m
wkid ;f rSm rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;twGuf tvkad wmf&o
dS nf jzpfcsirf S jzpfayrnf qkad omtod
aMumifh xrf;&Guo
f ifah om wm0efxuf ykrd rdk xrf;&Gurf zd Ydk owd&&dS onfrYdk arhoifo
h nfu
h pd
rsm; arh&onfy icJ&}}
]][kwv
f u
dk af v oli,fcsi;f &,f....'grSom opm&So
d nf ? i,fusG eaf wmf yDoayrnf
y ? o[maMumifh igvnf; tvkad wmf&rdS o
S m ay;tyfonfh wm0efudk OD;vnfrokef xrf;
&Guf ayonfy ? rif;vkv
d u
dk f rif;MuKd uf aqmif&u
G o
f olrsm;onf rif;rIxrf;aumif; rqkd
oifah Mumifh ightrd tbwkYd oifMum;cJjh cif;vnf; &Scd o
hJ nf iarmif&}}
oli,fcsi;f ESpaf ,mufvnf; pdw0f rf;MunfE;l jcif; tjynfEh iS hf wOD;ESiw
hf OD; zufvn
S ;f
wuif;jyKum eHeufpm twlwuGxidk
f pm;aomufMuygonf/
(xkrd eS u
f efaom pdwx
f m; (azmfvzH m;jcif;uif;onf) rif;ajrm ifp;dk uyf pdw"f mwf r&Sd
onft
h wGuf rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Mu;D b0ewfxH ysv
H eG af wmfrjl y;D onfah emuf OD;a&Tarmif
Mu;D uGyrf sujf cif; cH&onfw
h idk af tmif orm;awmfO;D cJtm; oDaygrif;ESihf pkz&k m;vwfwYdk
qufvufajrm ufpm;jcif;ukd cHc&hJ ayonf/
111
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
OD;cJwv
Ydk nf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; OD;cku
d v
f suf xGucf mG awmfrcl MhJ uygonf/
(3)
0
113
0 0
orm;awmfO;D cJtm; bGUJ cs;D jriS ahf &;wGif tcufcJ awGU&S&d aMumif; em;awmfcH rif;xif
ausmaf cgifu OD;a&Tarmiftm; ji;D ji;D nLnLESihf ajymMum;ygonf/
]]uk&d ifa&TarmifMu;D & ? orm;awmfO;D cJ twGuf bGUJ wHqyd *f P
k x
f ;l awmf cs;D jri ahf y;o
em;zku
Yd cufaeujyb
D J ? a&Teef;awmftwGi;f trIxrf;zkYd bk&ifo
h rm;awmftjzpftodtrSwf
&uwnf;u bdou&mZ&mZbGUJ ukd tyfEiS ;f &ayoAs ? aemufwqifx
h uf wqifw
h ufjy;D
ynmod'q
d o
dk nfh tjrifq
h ;Hk aq;ynmbGUJ xl;ukd cs;D jri ahf wmfrjl y;D omubJ}}
]]usKyv
f J rSwrf yd gw,f ? rif;w&m;bk&m;tvkad wmft& oli,fem txl;uktjzpftod
trSwjf yKjy;D aboZyg&*lbUJG cs;D jri ahf wmfro
l nfudk odonfy em;awmfcMH u;D &}}
]][kwv
f u
dk af v ? uk&d ifa&TarmifMu;D &JU tqifq
h ifh bGUJ awG wrsKd ;jy;D wrsKd ; &xm;onf
uwaMumif; tjrifq
h ;Hk aq;ynmbGUJ txGwt
f xdyb
f UJG xl;rsKd ;&&Sjd y;D ooludk usKyw
f u
Ydk b,f
vkad emufxyf bGUJ wHqyd f emrHawmfcyfEydS &f ayr,fqu
kd uk&d ifa&TarmifMu;D yJ tMuaH y;prf;
y}}
]]'Dvq
dk &dk ifAsm ? a&Tvw
T af wmfrw
S w
f rf; a&TbeHk 'd gef; jAw
J u
dk af wmf rSww
f rf;awGudk Munfh
&Ippfaq; bGUJ ay;cs;D jri yhf aHk wGudk avhvmvku
d &f if jy;D pD;Ekid rf nfxif&onfy em;cHawmfrif;
xifausmfacgifMuD;&,f}}
]]usKyu
f ,
dk w
f idk f tjyefjyef tvSev
f eS f ppfaq;jy;D ujyrD Ydk uk&d ifa&TarmifMu;D qD tultyHh
,l&onfy ? uke;f abmifacwf wacwfv;Hk wGiv
f nf; 'Dvdk tjrifq
h ;Hk bGUJ xl;ukd ESpMf urd cf s;D
jri jhf cif; r&Scd b
hJ ;l ao;yg ? ,kwpf t
G qk;H &mZ0ifwiG f r&Sad o;orkYd rnforYdk Q rMuw
H wfrpnf
wwfatmifjzpf&jcif;aMumifh ud&k ifa&TarmifMu;D xHrS tultyH,
h v
l o
dk nfaMumifh tMuaH wmf
opfawmif;cH&jcif;ayubJ}}
OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; em;awmfcH rif;xifausmaf cgifxrH S rnforYdk S rMuw
H wfatmificJ
twGuf bGUJ wHqyd af wmf cs;D jri phf &m r&So
d avmufjzpfae&onfudk Mum;od&onfh twGuf
*kP,
f cl sipf w
d rf sm;yif ay:aygufvmygonf/ bGUJ wHqyd af wmfcs;D jri ahf &; tcuftcJtwGuf
uGsr;f usiv
f rd m vSol rif;xifausmaf cgifyif rajz&Si;f Ekid o
f nfh jyemukd rif;w&m;Mu;D bk
&m;xH wifjyaejyefvQiv
f nf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; uk,
d af wmfwidk f rajz&Si;f Ekid b
f J jzpfae
rnfudk OD;a&TarmifMu;D twyfoyd gavonf/ rdrEd iS hf em;awmfcH rif;xifausmaf cgifwu
Ydk
0w&m;t& avQmufwifjyefyguvnf; rdrw
d EYdk pS af ,muftm; jyefvnf vTt
J yfwm0efay;
rnfjzpfygonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf rif;usiw
hf &m; q,fyg;ESit
hf nD tkycf sKyo
f oljzpfojzifh Xme
qkid &f m ykid &f mwkx
Yd rH o
S m udpw
ckudk tjy;D wkid f qk;H jzwfavh&adS Mumif; OD;a&TarmifMu;D od&dS
em;vnfjy;D jzpfygonf/
icJtm; bGUJ cs;D jri zhf Ydk ta&;tcif;rSm rjy;D rjywfjzpfaeygu rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d f
awmfjiKd tvkad wmfrus jzpfaernfvnf; pk;d aESmif&h onfrYdk em;cHawmf rif;xifausmaf cgif
114
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
tMujH yKonft
h wkid ;f ynmho'd b
d UJG ESpx
f yfurG ;f ay;&ef qk;H jzwfvu
dk Mf uonf/
aeYnv
D mcH tcrf;tem;wGiyf if b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D uk,
d af wmfwidk f orm;awmfMu;D
icJtm; xl;axGqef;jym;onfh aboZtwwfwiG f wbufurf;cwf wwfajrmufojl zpfonfh
twGuf ynmod'ad usmaf cgif (ynmod'ad usmaf cgif) bJUG wHqyd ef mrHawmf cyfEydS cf s;D jri ahf wmf
rl&aMumif; rdeaYf wmfr&l if; bJUG csaD wmfryl gavonf/ icJ&&Sad om tzk;d wef ypn;f tajrmuf
trsm;ukd vSn;f ESppf ;D jzifh wku
d yf &Ydk ayrnf/
ESrawmfEiS hf vufaqmifyPmrsm; qufoawmfral om apmfbmG ;tm;vnf; bGUJ wHqyd f
awmfEiS hf ywjrm; vuf0wfawmf ? pmomydwt
f yk Ef iS hf uwyD gp pdew
Yf idk ;f jynfjzpf zJMu;D vdyf
yk;d ptkyf tjcm;qkawmf vmbfawmftrsm;tjym; yg0ifavonf/
odEaD pmfbmG ; qufoaom ESrawmfrmS &ky&f nfacsmarmvSy&k;d rSeaf omfvnf; touf
t&G,f Eki,fveG ;f yk&H ygavonf/ ukrm &D rjzpfrD a*g&Dt&G,f 12-ESpo
f m &Sad yOD;rnf[k
OD;a&TarmifMu;D tygt0if rSL;Mu;D rwf&m aoemywdMu;D rsm;tm;vk;H vku
d yif rSe;f qygav
onf/
nDvmcHobifEiS hf bGUJ ESi;f tcrf;tem; jy;D pD;onfEiS hf icJudk ypn;f rsm;pkaqmif;ay;tyf
onfwGif.....
]]iarmifMu;D 'DaeYn wkrYd sm; i,faygif;Mu;D azmfrsm;awGeYJ &if;ES;D oolawGtm;vk;H pk&;Hk
jy;D aysmaf ysmyf g;yg; aomufpm;MuzkYd tdrv
f mcJah pcsio
f uGm}}
]]rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;xH tcGiyhf efjy;D avQmufxm;vkYd vmcGiahf y;cJ&h if vmcJrh As}}
OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; icJ zdwrf EujyKcsuu
f dk >cif;csujf zifh vufcv
H u
dk yf gonf/ rif;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; tusKd ;taMumif; ajymjyavQmufwifonfwiG f oGm;cGijhf yKawmfrv
l u
dk yf g
onf/ OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; eef;jrKd UwHcg;rydwrf DS jrif;pD; orm;awmficJtrd &f &dS mrvGe&f yf
okYd oGm;a&mufygawmhonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D qku
d af &mufcsed w
f iG f orm;awmfO;D cJtrd rf S xrif;f pm;yGw
J iG f rif;y&dowf
tawmfpv
Hk ifaeayjy/D uaemiftrd af &SUpHu,
dk af wmfMu;D om;awmfrsm;jzpfaom xef;wyif
rif;om; ? rvGerf if;om;av;wkv
Yd nf; yg0ifMuayonf/ jrKUd 0efO;D omtkd ? avSoif;wGi;f 0ef
rif; ? a&Tjynf0efMu;D OD;zk;d vIid pf aom OD;cJEiS hf &if;ES;D aom taygif;toif;rsm;om jzpfMu
ygavonf/ t&yfot
l &yfom;rsm;twGuv
f nf; tjird yhf w
JG ckvnf; usi;f yay;ygonf/
tauGs;tarG;rsm;vnf; pkv
H ifvyS gavonf/ tom;uiftrsKd ;rsKd ; ? taMumf ? tuif
tavSmf ? tjyKwf ? taygif; ponfch sujf yKwef nf; rsKd ;pkEH iS hf tom;rsKd ;pkw
H u
Ydk dk woD;wjcm;
pD a'gif;vef;Mu;D rsm;jzifh tjynft
h armuf xnfx
h m;ygonf/ aomufp&m ,rumrsm;wGif
vnf; oabFmt&uf ? csut
f &uf ? xef;&nf ? ay&nf ? uaZmfponfwu
Ydk dk bl;rsm; ? yk
vif;rsm; ? 0g;usnrf sm;jzifh tvk&d o
dS avmuf aomufo;Hk Ekid &f ef jyifqifxm;ygonf/ ES;D zvm;
rsm;jzifh cyf tvk&d o
dS vkd tqifo
h ifah omufo;Hk Ekid &f ef {nfch ef;a'gifw
h idk ;f &Sd pifrsm;ay:wGif
115
wifxm;ygonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; qif0ifrS xGuv
f suf tjird yhf u
JG dk Munf&h if; pdwv
f w
G u
f ,
dk v
f w
G Ef iS hf
aomufpm;aysmyf g;aeygonf/ a&Tjynf0efMu;D vnf; OD;a&TarmifMu;D ukd Munfv
h suf uaemif
tdraf &SUpH uk,
d af wmfMu;D tm; eHeufcif;ykid ;f rS ppfb&k ifx;dk yGt
J aMumif; avQmufxm; ajym
Mum;aeygonf/ orm;awmfO;D cJvnf; ab;rS xkid &f if; wdwq
f w
d pf mG em;axmifaeygonf/
OD;a&TarmifMu;D \ rxdwxdEiS hf uspD ,fcsuu
f dk rcHr&yfEifdk af om wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D OD;zk;d ppf
wk&ifcu
Hk dk ajcaxmufuefausmufypfyHk ajymjy&m uaemiftrd af &SUpHu,
dk af wmfMu;D rSm vuf
ckyv
f uf0g;wD;cwfawmfr&l if; w[m;[m;ESihf &,farmawmfral vonf/
rif;Mu;D OD;aumif;uvnf; OD;a&TarmifMu;D xGucf mG oGm;jy;D aemufrS wkid ;f wm;rif;ukd quf
vuf,x
dk ;kd ykaH wGuv
dk nf; tao;pdyf wifavQmufaeygao;onf/ uaemiftrd af &SUpHu,
dk f
awmfMu;D onf aysm&f iT &f w
T af emufwwfoyl yD D aysm&f iT &f w
T af emufyHk pum;Mum;&vQif tm;
&awmfral vh&ydS gonf/ OD;zk;d ukd omomESihf tEkid pf um; ppfx;dk Ekid o
f l OD;a&TarmifMu;D tm;
ac:awmfrl.....
]]iarmifMu;D ? aemufwcg wkid ;f wmrif;Mu;D OD;zk;d ESihf eifwYdk ppfw&k ifx;dk Mur,fvYdk csed ;f
qk&d if iguk,
d af wmfjrwfMu;D ukv
d nf; taMumif;Mum; avQmufwifygh ? iguk,
d af wmfwidk v
f m
a&muf &Ipm;awmfrrl Asm}h }
]]rSev
f yS g ? tcku
d t
f wefrY mS awmh uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D eJY ppfw&k ifx;dk zkYd OD;zk;d trSef jiif;qkd
ygvdrf rhf nfb&k m; ? wv uk;d oDwif;avmuf&ydS gvQif olpw
d af jyacsmwJt
h cgusrS uGseaf wmf
rsKd ;Mu;D csed ;f qkv
d Ydk &ygvdrrhf nfb&k m;}}
]]tdr;f ....oleYJ iarmifMu;D wkYd ppfw&k ifx;dk wm Munfah umif;ovkd pum;ppfx;dk wm
vnf; em;axmifvaYdk umif;wJt
h aMumif; uif;0efO;D aumif; rMumrMum ajymbl;onfy}}
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D u olUukd r&dvQif uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D ukd uspD ,favh&ydS gonfb&k m; ?
pdwq
f ;dk atmif uspD m;rdjyef&ifvnf; wvuk;d oDwif;awmh pdwaf umuf&;dk xk;H pH jzpfaeyg
onfbk&m;}}
]]vlMu;D qkad wmh olwu
Ydk ae&mwum tEkid ,
f v
l w
dk o
hJ abmy iarmif&m ? ,kwrf mwJh
pdwx
f m;awmh &Syd rHk &ygbl;}}
]]uaemifu,
dk af wmfMu;D rdeaYf wmfro
l nfh twkid ;f ygobk&m; ? uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D uvnf;
tjrw
J rf;tEkid ,
f al eygu aemifupm;zkYd ac:r&rnfp;dk tavQmah y;&onfrsm;ukd olrod
awmfrb
l J *kPaf &mufavh&ydS gonfb&k m;}}
pum; wajymajymESihf aomufMu pm;Mu&m oufMu;D acgif;cscsed f a&mufonfwiG f
tdr&f iS Of ;D cJEiS hf a&Tjynf0efMu;D wkYd ESpyf g;om t&ufraomufwwfMu usev
f t
l m;vk;H wk;H
vk;H yufvufEiS hf vJaeMuygonf/ OD;a&TarmifMu;D ESihf uaemifu,
dk af wmfMu;D wkrYd mS wOD;ESihf
wOD;zufvsuf qif0ifxw
J iG f vJaeMuygonf/ a&Tjynf0efMu;D u OD;cJtm; uaemif uk,
d f
116
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
awmfMu;D ukd b,fvdk jyefy&Ydk rnfudk ar;prf;aeygonf/ OD;cJu ta&;rMu;D aMumif; olUtdrf
wGif odyx
f m;vQif jzpfEidk af Mumif;/ uaemifu,
dk af wmfMu;D rSm olUtdrw
f iG f rMumrMumvm
a&muf aomufpm;wwf tdypf ufawmfrw
l wfaMumif; ajymjyrS a&Tjynf0efMu;D vnf; acgif;
wjird jhf ird Ehf iS hf auseyfomG ;ygonf/
tjird yhf rJG mS orm;awmfO;D cJ cs;D jri x
hf m;aom qkawmfvmbfawmfrsm;aMumifh tpGr;f ukef
ujy tok;H awmfcaH eonf/ y&dowfrmS vnf; MobmoHrpJbJ atmf[pftm;ay; aeMuyg
onf/
(4)
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
,SOw
f
JG aysmyf MJG u;D cHaeonfwu
Ydk dk jrifae&aom tcg MunfE;l p&mwku
Yd dk xyfrH jznfph u
G f
ay;aeovkd rdz&k m;av;pdwaf wmfwiG f cHpm;rI&adS ejyefygonf/ rMumrwifaom umvwGif
olr\ umrykid v
f ifom;jzpfaom rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; <uvmawmfrrl nfudk awG;rdaom
rif;orD;av;\pdwfwGifrvIyf&Sm;pzl;aompdwfvIyf&Sm;jcif;rsdK;rsm;jzpfay:vm&jyefygonf/
b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ESihf aemufawmfyg vlysKd awmfom; rif;ca,musmf ;rsm;yg
tcrf;tem;jzifh <ucsaD wmfrv
l monfudk a&Munfeh ef;awmftpGe;f rS ig;pmqufoaeaom
tcsaD wmftacsmah wmfMu;D rsm; jrifawmfr
l rif;orD;av;ukd wifavQmufMu&mwGif rif;o
rD;uav;rSm &Supf Ed;k trlt&mjzifh xkid &f rvkd x&rvkd &Sad eonfaMumifh a&Munfph eH ef;t0
rS MuKd q&dk ef tMuaH wmfay;qufMuonfaMumifh rif;orD;av;onf MuKd q&dk ef &Su&f u
S Ef iS hf
eef;0okYd xGuv
f suaf eygonf/ vuftyk cf s&D if; acgif;ikpYH if;&if;jzifh MuKd qadk e&Smonfujdk rif
&aom txde;f awmf tacsmah wmfMu;D rsm;yif oem;ovkd &Sad eMuygonf/
]]ukid ;f ....armifrif;rsm; iguk,
d af wmfjrwfrrd x
d yH g;a&mufvYdk vmacsjy/D txde;f awmf
tacsmah wmfMu;D rsm;ESiahf &Munfph eH ef;awmft0rSyif MuKd qadk eayjyD ? armifrif;wko
Yd ifah wmf
&mae&mrS cpm;Muaya&mh}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; aemufawmfyg;rsm;ukd tem;wGif rcpm;apvkad om qEjzifh
ESiv
f w
T af eonfudk OD;a&TarmifMu;D ESihf tysKd awmfMu;D rsm;yg tvku
d o
f pd mG ajcawmf OD;cku
d f
&if;a&Smif&mS ;ay;Mu&ef xGucf mG cJMh uygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; xGucf mG oGm;aom
OD;a&TarmifMu;D ESihf txde;f awmf vSr;f vif
h Munfah wmfr&l if; 'Dvrdk S oifah yrnf[k pdwaf wmf
wGi;f rS atmufarh&if; jyK;H aeygonf/ a&Munfeh ef;awmf0ifvQif iHv
h ifh MuKd qadk e&Smaom
rif;orD;av;vufawmfukdqGJ&if;....
]]armifMu;D bk&m;ukd apmifah e&onfrmS Mumjyv
D m; rdrid hJ ? &yfawmfr
l anmif;awmfrl
vma&mhr,faygh}}[kac:&if; ausmufom;ovGeaf y: ajymif;a&TUpHaeawmfryl gonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; rif;orD; &Supf Ek;d jzpfaeonfreS ;f &dypf m;rdonft
h wGuf t
&Suaf wmfrS ajyapvkad omoabmjzifh twl,OS w
f pJG aH eaom rif;orD;av;ukd a&Tvufawmf
qGvsuf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; &ifciG w
f iG f 0if txkid cf idk ;f ygavonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; rif;orD;av; a&Tpw
d af wmf ajymif;vJ twif&h v
J map&ef
&nfoefvsuf.....
]]aysmaf wmfryl g&JUvm; rdrid hJ ? tvk&d &dS mrSeo
f rQ 'DEw
I af wmfu jru
G [
f vku
d yf gu jrefr
Mumvkw
d m&aprnfy]]rdeo
Yf cH sKd csKd jzifh pwifred q
Yf v
dk u
dk af omfral omfvnf; wdwq
f w
d jf rJ wdwf
qdwv
f suyf if/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; xl;jcm;aom tqif;o@mefMueftifvuPmwkjYd zifh jynfph aHk om
rif;orD;av;ukd &Ipm;&if; MuifemqyGm; oem;cspcf ifvmawmfrv
l mrdygonf/ Eknuf0if;
0gaom rif;orD;av; vnf*w
k af wmfav;rS wG&J &GJ usvsu&f adS om arT;ni;f EkEpk rd ;f uav;
119
wko
Yd nf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; oufjyif;rIwx
f w
k v
f u
dk w
f idk ;f av0,fviT yhf g; vIy&f mS ; aeyg
onf/
usuo
f a&taygif;wk\
Yd ocif jrwfE;dk jcif;wk\
Yd taygif; t&Sijf zpfavrnfvm; [kyif
oHo,pdw"f mwf0ifa&mufvmatmifyif rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d af wmfwu
Ydk dk vIy&f mS ;
vmapygonf/ rif;orD;av;\ rsuEf mS awmfudk ta0;rSom &Ipm;jrifcb
hJ ;l vsuf ,ckrmS
teD;uyf &Ipm;jrifawGUrdyg&onfwiG f ajcmufq,fausmaf om rdz&k m;Mu;D taygif;wku
Yd ydk if
arhcsifvmygawmhonf/
&Su&f UT aH wmfrjl cif;twGuf rsuEf mS awmftikUH om;ESiMhf uKUH MuKUH uav;ae&Smaomrif;orD;
uav;ukd rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;u.....
]]use;f rmawmfryl gp rdrid hJ ? a&TrsuEf mS awmftdk bmtvkad wmfrus jzpf&onfv}J }
rif;orD;av;onf ezl;awGU 'l;awGU rawGUbl;ao;orkYd &Sut
f m;awmfyjdk y;D bmukb
d ,f
uJo
h Ydk avQmufwif&rnfudk rodbJ cyfrqdwaf eawmfryl gonf/ wdwq
f w
d f jird o
f ufjcif;wkYd
onf rif;rdz&k m;ESpyf g;wkt
Yd Mum; vTr;f rk;d jc,fv,
S af eygavonf/ rif;orD;av;\pdww
f iG f
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf use;f rmawmfrv
l o
Ydk m 'DO,smOfawmfox
Ydk u
G af wmfrv
l mEkid jf cif;ukd
odyg&ufu,fEiS hf tar;awmf&adS eygonf/ 'Dtar;ukd rnfoaYdk jzqk&d rnfudk ra0cGw
J wf
atmifjzpfae&ygonf/
jyifyavmuwGif qdwjf ird jf cif;wkYd pk;d rk;d aeonf jzpfaomfvnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;rSm
,k,Muifemaom pdwx
f m;jzifh rif;orD;av;uk,
d af wmfav;ukd ukid zf sp&f if;....
]]armifawmfMu;D [m bDv;l obufyrm aMumufp&maumif;onfvJ r[kwyf guvm;?
ckvdk EIwq
f w
d af wmfrjl yefavawmh armifawmfMu;D pdwyf ifyef;vSonf rdr&d ,f}}
ajym&if;qk&d if; rif;orD;av;ukd ayGUzufxm;&mrS uk,
d af wmfeaH b;okYd tomt,mcs
&if; rwfwyf&yfygonf/
twGi;f pdwrf mS vIy&f mS ;&aomaMumifh uk,
d af wmfrmS vnf; *Pmrjird f jzpfvm&onfrYdk
vrf;avQmuf&ef xjcif;jzpfygonf/ a&Munfeh ef;awmftwGi;f ta&SUrS taemufoYdk rif;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d af wmf a,muf,ufcwfaeonft
h wGuf pMua vQmufygavonf/
xkt
d jyKtrludk jrif&aom rif;orD;av;rSm rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d af wmfjiKd tvkd
awmfrus jzpfonf[k xifrw
S rf &d mS ygonf/ rdr\
d aemifawmf odEaD pmfbmG ;Mu;D u rdrt
d m;
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;xH rquforDu oGeo
f ifxm;avcJah om pum;&yfrsm;ukd jyefvnf
Mum;a,mifvmygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkMd uKd uf tvku
d af qmifvQif rdrjd zpfv&dk m
jzpfEidk rf nf/ apwvk;H ukd tykid &f Ekid af yonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d af wmfjiKd tvkad wmfruscv
hJ Qif aovrf;okyYd if jref;&vdrrhf nf
[laom rSmMum;xm;&Scd ahJ om pum;wku
Yd dk owd&vmojzifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d f
awmfrjiKd ap&ef awmif;yefavrS oifah yrnf[k awG;rdojzifh rif;w&m;Mu;D pMu< ucs&D mokYd
120
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
csppf ed v
f iG f
122
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
123
wHvQyu
f dk a&xif
(1)
wPSmayr ork',wko
Yd nf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; avmbESiahf 'gowku
Yd dk jzpfymG ;
apcJyh gavonf/
r*Fvmw&m;ukd tvk&d adS om olawmfpifwo
Ydk nf ypKye w
f nfw
h nfu
h o
dk m &Iavh&rdS eS ;f
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; odygonf/ oko
Yd yd if odjim;aomfvnf; twdwu
f dk twdww
f iG f rxm;
Ekid cf o
hJ jzifh xkt
d wdwrf S t&dy\
f zrf;pm;rIaMumifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d af wmfjiKd t
vkad wmfrus jzpfae&ygonf/
abmif;awmfjird v
hf Qif pdwaf wmfoMd u&onfh 0efMu;D rsm; ? twGi;f 0efrsm; ? vufpaJG wmf
Mu;D rsm;onf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkad wmfqEwu
Ydk dk tpGr;f ukef MuKd ;pm; jznfph rG ;f MuzkYd
olUxufig tvkt,uf vk;H yrf;aeMuygonf/ xkt
d jzpfrsKd ;ukd rvkv
d m;Muaom uif;0ef
rif;Mu;D OD;aumif;ESihf a&Tjynf0efMu;D OD;zk;d vIid w
f Ydk vufpaJG wmfMu;D OD;a&TarmifMu;D tm; rif;
w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ukd owdawmfrquf&aumif;vm;[k Murd ;f armif;rmefraJ eMuygonf/
pD;aom a&ukd qnfwefo
Y nfh oabmESihf qlyMl urd ;f armif;ae&ayrifh ynm&SMd u;D rsm;
yDyD rif;Mu;D OD;aumif;a&m a&Tjynf0efMu;D OD;zk;d vIid w
f yYkd g wm;qD; &rnfr[kwaf Mumif;ukd
awmh odMuygonf/
tEko,ukd udavomu ty,fc&H onft
h jzpfum; &ifeifph &m aumif;vSonf[k
ynm&S0d efMu;D rsm; od&MdS uaomfvnf; jyif;jypGm awmufavmifjrK u
d q
f jJ zpfaom udavom
tylr;D ukd &kwjf cnf;jird ;f at;ap&ef rwwfEidk Mf uao;yg/ wjznf;jznf;rS tcgtcGiu
hf dk Munfh
wifavQmufMu&ef wkid yf ifxm;Muygavonf/ t&dyo
f ;Hk yg; em;rvnfygu r&Pvrf;
okYd tcsed rf a&T; jzwfvrf;u jref;Ekid o
f nfh tcgor,yif jzpfygavonf/
yif;wvJpm; OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; uif;0efrif;Mu;D ESihf a&Tjynf0efMu;D wkYd rMum rMum
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; twGuEf iS hf ywfouf qlyMl urd ;f armif;jcif; cH&onfuwaMumif; ?
if;uk,
d w
f idk f apmifah &Smufxed ;f odr;f ae&onfh aqmifawmfu;l rSww
f rf;wGif yg0ifaeaom
124
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
rif;eefpw
d 0f ,f bk&m;ociftay: pdwaf wmf ckomG ;onfbJ iarmifMu;D &JU}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? vlaY vmu0,f tvS<u,fonf[k wifpm;ae&onfh b'uvsmPDrif;o
rD;xuf acsmonf vSonfrsm;ukd rjrifb;l ao;ubJ iarmifMu;D &JU ? o[maMumifh arsmuf
rESihf EIid ;f &ufavjcif;[k pGx
J ifawmfro
l nfudk od&adS vwJh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si[
f m nDawmfrif;
eefudk ewfjynfajcmufxyf qGr;f cHac:oGm;awmfro
l nft
h cgusrS ewforD;awGudk jrifawGU
wJn
h aD wmfrif;eef[m ewforD;awG&UJ tvSueG ,
f uf rSio
f ufrjd y;D awGa0 ai;aewJt
h cg
ar;awmfrlwJh bk&m;ocifukd,fawmfjrwfMuD;ukd.....
]]b'uvsm[m 'DewforD;rsm;ESihf wk,OS yf gvQif arsmufrMu;D vko
d m jzpfygonfb&k m;}}
[k wifavQmufonfh ykyH rmtwkid ;f ighrzd &k m;awGuv
dk J odErD if;orD;av;ESihf ,SOEf idI ;f rdonfh
taMumif;tcsuaf Mumifh aqmifawmfu;l &uf ysuu
f u
G &f onfy iarmifMu;D &}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; OD;a&TarmifMu;D tm; pdw&f n
S v
f uf&n
S f &Si;f vif;rdeaYf wmfryl g
onf/ Mum;&onfh pum;rsm;ukd OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; oufjyif;cs&if; jird o
f ufpmG em;axmif
ae&efrw
S yg;tjcm;r&Syd g/ rdausmif;rif; a&uif;jyonft
h vm; ? q&mawmfupdk mcsrad om
ausmif;om;oli,fuo
hJ Ydk EIwq
f w
d af e&ygavonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; jzpfysuaf eykH tvk;H pku
H dk &dypf m;rdMuaom yg;eyfvrd m vSMuonfh
rdz&k m;jzpfaom pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;ESihf qifjzLr&Sit
f v,feef;rawmfMu;D wkYd acgif;csi;f &ku
d w
f idk f
yifaeonfwu
Ydk v
dk nf; OD;a&TarmifMu;D pOf;pm;rdvmygawmhonf/
pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D \ tjrifwiG f b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf &wemykaH ejynfawmf
ESihf rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; pk;d ykid t
f yk cf sKyaf eaom e,fy,fa'orsm;rS vma&mufqufoMu
aom rif;orD;rsm; ? uk,
d v
f yk af wmfarmif;rrsm; ? jrKUd pm; e,fpm; ? ola|;ol<u,fw\
Ydk orD;
rsm;tm;vk;H wko
Yd nf ukrm &Dt&G,f oufawmf(16)ESpf ausmaf wGcsn;f om jzpfaeayonf/
,ck odEaD pmfbmG ;Mu;D vma&mufqufoonfh rif;orD;av;rSm wjcm;wyg;aomrde;f
rvSrsm;ESihf &ky&f nf&yl u rnforYdk Q rxl;jcm; ruGmjcm;aomfvnf; t&G,af wmfrmS uGmjcm;
aeayonf/ a*g&Dt&G,Ef iS hf ukrm &Djzpfaeygonf/ ukrm &Drsm;onf touft&G,f tenf;
i,fMu;D vmonft
h wGuf pOf;pm;wwfvmayonf/ t&Suv
f nf; &Srd nf/ taMumufvnf;
&Srd nf/
a*g&Dt&G,o
f nf uav;rQyifjzpf t&Surf &SEd idk f ? rpOf;pm;wwf pk;d &drpf w
d f aMumuf
vefpY w
d v
f nf; uif;ayrnf/ xko
d Ydk Eki,fou
l av;rsm;ukd MuKd uo
f vkyd pHk o
H iG ;f ,lvQif vG,f
ulayrnf/ 'DtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d af wmfwiG f xl;jcm;onf[k
xifrw
S af wmfral yonf/ xko
d Ydk xifrw
S af wmfral eonfh pdwx
f m;ukd uGjJ ym;jcm;em;oGm;&ef
jyoEkid zf Ydk wjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;xuf vG,u
f al om enf;vrf;rSm a*g&Dt&G,w
f idk ;f a*g&Dt
awGUtxd a*g&DtEl;tnHrh sKd ;&So
d nf qko
d nfu
f kd xif&mS ;odawmfral p&ef a*g&Dt&G,f orD;
awmfav;rsm;ukcd sn;f qufoavrSom rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; odErD if;orD;av;tay:pGv
J ef;
126
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
(2)
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
raygh ivk;H &JU ? tjrifjh rKd Uu vSn;f wwef avSwwefeYJ vm&wJh c&D;uvnf; jyif;ayrAsm}h }
]]rSev
f yS g ? vSn;f jzifh 3-nESihf 4-&uf c&D;ESijf y;D rS aejynfawmf taemufbuf tm
avmif&Gmqdyfurf;okdY a&muf&SdEkdifygonfbk&m;}}
]]iguk,
d af wmfjrwfMu;D onf vGecf ahJ om q,fih g;ESpq
f u
D jrif;awmfEiS hf a&mufb;l onf
Asm ? c&D;awmf a0;&krH ubJ oGm;a&;vnf; cufcw
J ahJ e&mawGubJ ivk;H &JU ? uJ....eifh
{nfo
h nfawG 0wfjyKzYdk tpDtpOf jyKacsaya&mh}}
]]Asm'dwaf wmfjrwftwkid ;f ygbk&m;}}
OD;vk;H ESihf jrif;onfawmf ESpOf ;D vnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; uefawmhvsuf jyefvnf
xGucf mG oGm;Muygonf/ xkt
d cdu
k 0f ,f avmuwcGiv
f ;Hk tarSmifr;dk wkYd pk;d rk;d aeygonf/rk;d
zGrJ ;dk aygufwazsmufazsmufatmufwiG f OD;vk;H wkv
Yd nf; jrif;uk,
d pf D pD;vsuf a&Teef;jrKd UwHcg;
qDoYdk xGucf mG oGm;Muygonf/
(3)
eHeufnv
D mcH pJjy;D onfah emuf OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; rnfonfw
h m0efrQ r&So
d nfjzpf
wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D OD;zk;d tdro
f Ydk ppfw&k if upm;Mu&ef vku
d yf goGm;ygonf/ wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D
OD;zk;d \ aetdraf wmfrmS awmifO,smOfawmftqk;H r*Fvma&uefawmf\ ta&SUawmifbuf
uyfvsu&f o
dS nfjzpf a&Teef;awmfEiS hf teD;qk;H jzpfygonf/
(0efMu;D rsm;\ tdrrf sm;tm;vk;H xuf wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D OD;zk;d \ tdro
f nf a&Teef;awmf
Mu;D ESihf teD;qk;H jzpfygonf/ aetdrf eD;uyfoavmufvnf; wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D OD;zk;d rSm &Sif
bk&ifudk rsuEf mS vkd rsuEf mS & tvkyq
f ;Hk jzpfygonf/ xko
d nfudk taMumif;jyK olw0Ydk ef
Mu;D tcsi;f csi;f wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D tm; rMum;wMum;jzifh ocift
h yg; uyfa[mifonfh acG;
0Jpm; wkid ;f wm;[k ysu&f ,fjyKMuygonf/)
wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D ESihf OD;a&TarmifMu;D wkrYd mS ppfw&k if upm;&mwGif vufnv
D o
S nfjzpf
tMuw
d t
f e,f upm;&avh&ydS gonf/ olwEYdk pS af ,muf ppfw&k if upm;Muonf[k toH
Mum;Muonf qkyd gvQif teD;tyg;rS 0goemyg&So
d rl sm; vma&mufMunf&h I twkc;dk Mu&onfh
tjzpfrsKd ;a&mufatmif upm;&mwGif uGsr;f usiMf uygonf/
tMuw
d t
f e,f upm;Mu&if;u wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D wGif &xm;wpD;om useaf wmh OD;
a&TarmifMu;D rSmvnf; qifwaumifEiS hf ppfuo
J m &Sad yawmhonf/ qif-ppfuEJ iS hf &xm;
tMuw
d t
f e,f us&J onft
h jzpfrsKd ;rSm ppfw&k if upm; uGsr;f usio
f rl sm;twGuf pdw0f ifpm;
129
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
]]atmf....'Dvv
dk m; ? uk&d ifz;dk 'Davmufawmif tMurd Mf urd f ayghayghwefwef oabm
xm;aeonft
h wl woufv;Hk bJ tavQmah y;vku
d &f if jy;D onfy uk&d ifz;dk &,f}}
]]'if;u 0g<um;vGe;f onfaMumifh qk;H rcsio
f nf uk&d ifaumif;&JU ? tvkv
d u
dk f trdu
k af pmf
um;qkdonfES,fy}}
]]o[mawmif uk&d ifz;dk u pnf;pdrcf si;f xyfjy;D tvkv
d u
dk cf siaf o;onfrYdk aMu;pyfaeonf
vm;}}
]]b,fvAdk s uk&d ifaumif; ? usKyw
f u,fajymaeonfudk oa&mfonfvm; uk&d ifaumif;?
prf;csio
f yqk&d if MuKd uaf Mu;xyfjy;D ckuidk yf gh}}
]]ukzd ;dk uvnf; a'goMu;D vScsnv
hf m; ? avmif;upm;jcif;qko
d nf[m bk&m;vJ rMuKd uf
oHCmvJ rMuKd uo
f nft
h vkyjf zpfonfrYdk usKyaf wmh ravmif;&Jygbl; ? avmif;upm;avhol
yDyD avmif;upm;ol&EJ iS o
hf m avmif;aya&mh wkid ;f wm;rif;&JU}}
uif;0efrif;Mu;D OD;aumif;\ pyfjzjJ zJ rsuEf mS av;ESihf ajympum;rsm;aMumifh ab;rSy&d
owfrsm; &,farmav wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D a'gxav- wkid ;f wm;rif;Mu;D a'gxav y&dowf
rsm; w0g;0g;ESihf nm &,favjzpfaeygonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tyg;awmfoYdk OD;a&TarmifMu;D a&muf&o
dS mG ;csed w
f iG f br,moe
aqmifonf tcpm; 0ifa&mufvmMuolrsm;ESihf jynfv
h ck ref;&Sad eygonf/ jrifawGUaeus
rsuEf mS rsm; r[kwo
f nfudk owdjyKrad om OD;a&TarmifMu;D taejzifh a0;vHaom a'orsm;
rS aus;awmfrsKd ; uGseaf wmfrsKd ;rsm;jzpfaMumif; tvkv
d dk em;vnfvm&ygavonf/rif;w&m;
Mu;D bk&m; tyg; teD;uyfcpm;aeMuaom *&kwpku
d Mf unhyf grS ol&0J ef OD;vk;H ESit
hf wl t
jrifjh rKd Upm;Mu;D ukd jrifawGU&jy;D tjrifjh rKUd pm;Mu;D ESihf twlygolrsm; jzpfEidk af Mumif; cefrY eS ;f rd
ygonf/
ODa&TarmifMu;D a&muf&jdS y;D ra&S;raESmif;yif pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D tcpm;0ifa&mufvm
ygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D ukd &Ipm;awmfr&l if;u rdeaYf wmfro
l nf
rSm.....
]]uk,
d af wmfjrwfMu;D ukd 'Du tjrifjh rKd Upm;Mu;D u vufaqmif yPmawmfrsm;ESiw
hf uG
orD;unmyg qufo&ef a&muf&v
dS monfy pkp&k UJ }}
]]armifarmifb&k m; bke;f awmf uHawmfaMumifh vufaqmifyPmawmfrsm;ESio
hf rD;awmf
vma&mufqufoMuonfudk Mum;od&awmfr
l 0rf;ajrmufvaS Mumif;yg armifarmifb&k m;}}
]]tJ'D orD;awmfav;ukd a&Teef;wGi;f "avhx;Hk wrf;rsm;ESihf tajymtqkd taetxkid rf sm;
oifMum;jyoay;&efppk Mk u;D qDtyfEv
HS adk wmfro
l nft
h wGuf tac:awmfvw
T &f jcif;ayubJ}}
]]armifarmifb&k m; tvkad wmf&o
dS nft
h wkid ;f oifMum;jyoay;ygrnfb&k m;}}
]]o[mjzifh ,ckyif pkpMk u;D eJt
Y wl tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;ukd ac:,lomG ;ayawmh ? pkpMk u;D
ubJ Munf&h jI y;D vkt
d yfonfh vuf0wfwefqm 'Gg'&mrsmukv
d nf; a&Twu
dk af wmfrS xkw,
f l
131
ay;oem;awmfrlygbd}}
]]trdeaYf wmftwkid ;f aqmif&u
G yf grnf armifarmifb&k m;}}
rdz&k m;Mu;D vnf; ajcawmfO;D cku
d u
f m orD;awmfav;tm; ac:aqmif xGucf mG oGm;
ygawmhonf/ rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; OD;vk;H ESihf tjrifjh rKd Upm;Mu;D bufoYdk vSnhf
awmfrjl y;D vQif tjrifjh rKd Upm;Mu;D qufoawmfro
l nfh orD;awmfav;ukd eef;wGi;f &Sd tpOft
vmyg&So
d nftwkid ;f a&Teef;wGi;f ok;H tok;H tEIe;f "avhx;Hk pHrsm;ukd oifMum;Ekid &f ef tyf
ESx
H m;vku
d af Mumif; rdeaYf wmfral eygonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;ESihf &yfa&;&Gma&; e,fy,fa'otaMumif;rsm; ajymqkad vQmufwif
Mujy;D aemuf OD;vk;H ESihf tjrifjh rKd Upm;Mu;D wkYd tzGUJ vnf; jyefvnfxu
G cf mG oGm;Muygawmhonf/
br,moecef;aqmiftwGi;f &Sd {nfyh &dowfrsm; xGucf mG oGm;awmfral vawmhrS rif;w&m;
Mu;D tyg;awmfwiG f cpm;vsu&f o
dS nfh OD;a&TarmifMu;D tm; tar;&Sad wmfryl gonf/
]]iarmifMu;D &JU eifxed ;f odrf ;f apmifa&Smufxm;onfh aqmifawmfu;l rSww
f rf;xJwiG f
odErD if;orD;av;ukd aeYpOftvSnahf y;jy;D wjcm;rdz&k m;wyg;ESihf wGzJ uf tvSnahf y;awmf
rl&&if aumif;avrvm;vkYd tMuaH wmfqufprf;}}
]]uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D rwifavQmufwwfonfrYdk rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvk&d &dS m rdeaYf wmf
rlyg ? aqmifawmfu;l rSww
f rf;wif&ef uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D toif&h adS Mumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]'DE,
S jf zifh odErD if;orD;av;ukd aeYpOf pm&if;wif&efEiS hf rSww
f rf;wGif yg&Sad om t
aqmif& rdz&k m; eef;& rdz&k m; a&Twu
dk pf m&if;0if rdz&k m;rsm;ESihf wGzJ uf waeYwyg;us
pm&if;jyKvkyfapAsm;}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? b,fuo
hJ pYdk wif b,frzd &k m;rsm;ukd tOD;tp xm;&S&d ygrnfudk rdeaYf wmf
rlygbk&m;}}
]]taqmifawmfu;l &uf pwifysuu
f u
G cf o
hJ nfah eYu tvSnu
hf srzd &k m;ukd OD;pm;ay;um
odEED rS awmfav;ESihf wGzJ ufapAsm;}}
]]oifjh rwfawmfr
l w&m;rQwvSaMumif;ygbk&m; ? uGseaf wmfrsKd ;Mu;D ,aeYyif pm&if;
opfziG v
hf pS
f tcsed rf aESmif;rD rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tvufawmf ta&mufqufoawmf
rlygrnfbk&m;}}
]]aumif;onfAsm; ? aumif;onfAsm; iarmifMu;D pm&if;ukd ,aeYqufoapAsm;}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; qkrd ed aYf wmfrjl y;D onfah emuf rsuEf mS awmf vTo
J mG ;ygojzifh OD;a&T
armifMu;D vnf; OD;cku
d u
f efawmhjy;D aemuf jyefvnf xGucf mG vmygawmhonf/
132
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
(4)
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
(5)
Eknu
yf Hk &ygavonf/
qifjzLr&Sirf zd &k m;\ rsuEf mS ykv
H dk &So
d nfreS af omfvnf; ajcawmfO;D cku
d pf Of awGUjrif&
onfh rsuEf mS awmf EkEik ,fwiG f cGucf sKid ahf om yg;rkEYd pS b
f uf&o
dS nft
h wGuf rif;w&m;Mu;D
bk&m;onf qifjzLr&Sirf zd &k m;Mu;D xuf ydrk u
dk suo
f a&awmf&adS yonf[k pdwaf wmfwiG ;f rS
,SOfEIdif;rdygonf/
&Snv
f sm;oG,w
f ef;onfh aygifwaH wmfav;rsm;aMumifh <um;<um;0if0h if&h adS om pdew
f ek ;f
rdz&k m;xuf ykrd [
kd efwyl gonf/ um;aomwif usOaf om cg;&So
d nfh awmifeef;a'0Dt*r
a[oD pMuma'0D rdz&k m;acgifMu;D xuf tjrifo
h rD;awmfwiG f rkaYd rmufaom&if&o
dS nf jzpf
awmifeef;awmf t*ra[oD pMuma'0Drzd &k m;Mu;D xuf omvGew
f ifw
h ,f[ef &Syd gonf/
(awmifeef;awmf t*ra[oD pMuma'0Drzd &k m;Mu;D wGif om;orD; rxGe;f um;cJyh g/)
aomuf&;I Mu,ftvm; pl;&Sajymifvufaomrsuv
f ;Hk awmfrsm; atmuf&dS ajzmifph if;ao;
oG,f ay:vGiaf om ESmwHawmf yg&So
d nf/ ydjym;yg;vTmaom EIwcf rf;om;tpkwiG f jynfwef
ywjrm;aoG;vkd eDjref;awmfral ejyefonfh tjrifo
h rD;awmfonf rsuEf mS awmf tacsmtvS
qH;k jzpfaom o&pde;f rdz&k m;Mu;D xuf ykrd o
dk mvGef vSyaejyefygavonf/
avsm&h J tdwu
JG svsuaf eonfh (&ifpnf; okrYd [kwf a&S;acwf acGs;cH) twGi;f rS jynf0h if;
aom tarmuftrdw
Yk rYdk mS edrw
Yf jHk rifw
h EHk iS hf ykZeG q
f w
d if ,fvdk ckeaf eonfudk owdjyKrad om
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;a&Tpw
d 0f ,f *&kPmrk;d oGe;f jzKd ;awmhrnfEh ,
S f MuifemqyGm;aerdygonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf Orm'Et
D vSudk jrifawGUrd qifawmfay:u *Gsr;f jyefMu&onfh
od0drif;MuD;uJhokdYif; ? yy0wDukd jrif&kHrQjzifh pGJvef;wyfrufum cspf'ku trsdK;rsdK;
cH&awmfr&l mS aom tavmif;awmfuo
k rif;Mu;D uJo
h Ydk if; ? ax&0g& olawmfpif&[ef;Mu;D
Oyuonf rqm0g\ tvSueG ,
f uf 0J*,ufrS rxGuEf idk af tmif ork',aESmifMuKd ;jzifh
csKyaf ESmif&pfywfjcif; cHMu&onfh tjzpfwo
Ydk nf ,ck tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;ukd &Ijrif&aom
rif;w&m;Mu;D b0jzifh jcm;em;awmhrnf r[kwaf Mumif;ukd pOf;pm;rdygonf/
xkpd Of;pm;rd&if; jyK;H awmfr&l mu rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf ovGeaf wmfatmufwiG f ajc
awmfO;D cku
d f cpm;aeonfh tjrifrh if;orD; a&TvufawmfqaJG wmfrjl y;D ovGeaf wmfay:wuf
ap&ef rdeaYf wmfrpl um; >rufMum;ygonf/
]]'Du tjrifrh if;orD;ESrawmfav; armifMu;D bk&m;ESihf ovGeaf wmfay: twlppH m;awmf
rlonfy}}
ovGeaf wmfay:okYd wuf cyfcmG cGmxkid &f if; tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;rSm acgif;ikUH &if;cpm;
aeygonf/ rsuEf mS awmf jrif&onfrmS vnf; &Suaf oG;rsm; jzmvsuf tom;awmfrsm;yif
wkeaf eygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;ukd a&Tvufq
JG ovGeaf wmfay:
wifvu
dk o
f nfqu
dk wnf;u tem;wGif cpm;vsu&f adS eonfh pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D ESihf taqmif
awmfwiG ;f rS txde;f awmf tacsmah wmfrrrsm; tm;vk;H wa,mufjy;D wa,muftvQKv
d QKd
138
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
aysmufuG,fukefMuygonf/
b0&Sirf if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tyg; tjrifo
h rD;awmfrw
S yg; tjcm;rnfow
l OD;wa,muf
rQ r&Sad wmhyg/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; tjrifo
h rD;av;\ vufawmfEpS zf ufudk qG,
J q
l yk f
e,fvu
dk yf grS tjrifo
h rD;av;\ a&TvufawmfEpS zf ufrmS prf;us oDwma&wrQ at;puf
aeonfudk awGU&S&d ygonf/
xkaYd Mumifh rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0 pvif; rif;orD;
av;ESihf ESpu
f ,
dk w
f l arwmrQpOf tcsed u
f mvrS tjzpftysuw
f u
Ydk dk jyefvnftrSw&f vmyg
onf/ cspjf cif;arwmwk\
Yd tappm;cH b0rS wjznf;jznf;csi;f ajymif;vGv
J maom rif;w
&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf cspjf cif;arwmwku
Yd dk appm;Ekid o
f t
l jzpf atmifEidk v
f mcJo
h nf rSeaf omf
vnf; i,fcspaf [mif;ukd tESpw
f aomif; rarhaumif; qko
d nfh pum; tvmawmf&o
dS nfh
twkid ;f pvif;rif;orD;av;ESihf cspu
f sG r;f 0if&if;ES;D cJyh w
Hk u
Ydk kd ,aeYwidk af tmifyif awG;rdwidk ;f
wooESihf rarhEidk cf yhJ g/
xkad rhr&aom pdw\
f jzpfay:cHpm;rIEiS hf ,ck tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;ESihf awGUMuK&H onfh
cHpm;rIwo
Ydk nf xyfwx
l yfrQ jzpfava&mhovm;[kyif rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; oHo,&Sad wmf
rlvmygavonf/ oHo,pdww
f aYdk Mumifh yDwpd w
d rf sm; jzpfay:cHpm;vm&onft
h wGuf rif;
w&m;Mu;D bk&m; a&Tpw
d af wmf0,f MunfE;l rdygawmhonf/
]]ESrawmfav; a&Teef;awmfMu;D ay:rSm ae&onfrmS aysmaf wmfr&l UJ vm; ESrawmfav;iJ}h }
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; trdeaYf wmf&o
dS nfph um;ukd tjrifrh if;orD;av;u EIwrf jS yefvnf;
rajzMum;aomfvnf; acgif;jird
hf tajzay;ygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; pum;jzifh
wkejYf yef rwifavQmufonfudk rauseyfEidk b
f J tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;tm; ayGU aygifay:
wifawmfrlvkduf&if;.....
]]armifawmfMu;D bk&m; rsuEf mS awmf armfvYdk zl;prf;y ESrawmfav;iJh ? 'Du ESrawmfudk
a&Tarwm ykad wmfro
l nfAsm}h }
]]bbbk&m; rsuEf mS awmf armfz;l &ef r0Hah Mumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]uk,
d af wmfjrwfudk bbvkYd rac:awmfrv
l u
dk yf gESihf ? armifMu;D bk&m;vkb
Yd J ac:prf;y
ESrawmfav;Asm;}}
]]bbbk&m; tvkad wmftwkid ;f ac:awmfryl grnf bbbk&m;}}
tjrifo
h rD;awmfav; &Suaf wmfr
l pum;rsm;rSm;awmfral eonfudk rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
oabmawmfus pdw0f rf;awmf MunfE;l vSojzifh [wfwarm&,f&if;.....
]]'Du ESrawmfav;ujzifh bbbk&m;vkYd rac:awmfrv
l o
dk nfrS bbbk&m;csi;f EIwf
cGe;f awmfxyfjy;D rdeaYf wmfral yonfu armifMu;D bk&m;ukd cspaf wmfr[
l ef&o
dS nfy ESrawmf
av;&JU}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; uspD ,fawmfral omfvnf; tjrifo
h rD;av;rSm rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;
139
&ifciG w
f iG ;f OD;acgif;ok0d u
S x
f m;jy;D wdwq
f w
d f jird o
f ufvsuf &Sad eygawmhonf/ tjrifh
orD;awmfav;rSm acGs;rsm; pk&d aJT eatmif aMumuftm;awmf ykad e[ef &Syd gavonf/
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;vnf; Mumjcnf,t
H wGi;f rSm avSmiftu
dk af eonf[k rSwx
f ifawmf
rl tjyifox
Ydk u
G af wmfrv
l pdk w
d &f v
dS Qif xGuMf u&ef rdeaYf wmfral omfvnf; &Suo
f nft
h wGuf
acgif;cg&rf; jiif;y,fawmfryl gonf/
awmuGsr;f aom rkq;dk onf awmaumifudk ypfcwf owfjzwfwwf&o
Hk mru ajc&mcH
vku
d w
f wfygonf/ xkt
Yd wl ajc&mcHEidk o
f vkd ypfcwfowfjzwfjy;D onfah emuf vS;D cGswjf zwf
awmuf&mwGiv
f nf; pepfus rSeu
f efpmG jyKvyk w
f wfygonf/ okrYd o
S m vkt
d yfaom tusKd ;
tjrwf &&Sad tmif aqmif&u
G Ef idk af yonf r[kwyf gvm;/
bJjzLa&Ta&;puf tem;yg rk;d aumif;uif Munfjyma&mifxrDav;rSm rnfonft
h csed u
f
ovGeaf wmfatmuf usa&mufomG ;onfudk tjrifo
h rD;awmfav; rod&v
dS u
dk af omfvnf;
emusirf aI 0'em cHpm;vm&onfuadk wmh odvmygonf/ okjYd zpf aoG;&l; aoG;wef;jzifh
vkyrf v
d yk &f m vkyv
f u
dk af vonf/
]]trav; -rav; ? vTwpf rf;ygh vkcH av;& ? trav;}}
rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; jyif;jypGm atmf[pfoH Mum;vku
d &f ygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D \atmif
jrifcefjY im;aom toHawmfrmS a,mif&rf;atmf[pfpOf tcdu
k t
f wefw
Y iG yf if Munfvifjywf
om;vSygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; atmf[pfji;D nLoHMum;Muaom pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D ESihf
txde;f awmf tacsmah wmfMu;D rsm;onf MumjcnfaqmiftwGi;f okYd tarmwaum ajy;vm
Muygonf/
pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D vnf; Mumjcnf&u
H dk vSpo
f ifh roifh pOf;pm;raeawmhbJ Mumjcnf
&Hudk r twGi;f okYd 0ifa&mufomG ;onfwiG f arSmufvsuf ikad eaom tjrifo
h rD;av;ESihf
&ifbwfawmfudk vufjzifh zdxm;vsuf aqmifah Mumifh xkid af eawmfral om rif;w&m;Mu;D
bk&m;ukd awGU&ygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; &ifbwfawmfuzdk x
d m;aom vusmf vufz0g;
atmufoYdk aoG;rsm; ,kpd ;D vmonfudk awGUjrif&onf pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D vnf; xdwv
f efY
awmfrloGm;ygonf/
]]armifarmifb&k m; b,foaYdk om taMumif;&yfjzifh &ifbwfawmfrS aoG;rsm; ,kpd ;D vm
awmfrlonfvJ}}
pk;d &drw
f Mu;D jzifh ar;jref;awmfral om pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D wifavQmufcsuu
f .dk ....
]]uk,
d af wmfjrwfudk tjrifo
h rD;awmfu emusiaf wmfr
l a,mif&rf;uku
d v
f u
dk af wmfrl
onft
h wGuf &ifbwfawmf aygufjyo
J mG ;&onfy pkMu;D &}}
]]o,f....armifarmifb&k m; tvkad wmfudk qefu
Y siaf wmfr&l rHk QrubJ armifarmif
bk&m;ukd temawmf&apwJh 'Doil ,frukd tjypf'Pfay;awmfryl g armifarmifb&k m;}}
]]pkpMk u;D &JU 'D[mukad wmhjzifh tjypfay;&ef roifah vsmaf ybl; ? olUcrsmrSmvnf; armif
140
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
armifb&k m; jyKvyk o
f nfh emusirf aI Mumifh aoG;vefjY y;D a,mif&rf;uku
d cf v
J u
dk jf cif; jzpfay
rSmbJ -pkp&k ,f ? onf;cHvu
dk yf g}}
]]nukd armifarmifb&k m;tm; rnfuo
hJ Ydk taysmaf wmfquf&rnfudk oifMum;ay;xm;
cJyh gvsuu
f eJY 'DE,
S jf yKral yonfaMumifh xD;eJY rwef eef;rqefvo
S nfb}J }
]]cGiv
hf w
T af wmfryl grrzk&m; ? zk&m; uGserf vnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; tvkv
d u
dk f tMuKd uf
aqmifygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; jyKrcl surf mS &SnMf umpGm vufc&H ef rpGr;f omygojzifh
owdawmf uif;uGm rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; bb&ifbwfawmfudk a,mif&rf;ikUH cJryd gonf
zk&m;}}
]]armifarmifb&k m;ukd bZmaMumifh bbbk&m;vkaYd c:onfvJ ? eef;"avh twwfynm
&yfrsm;ukd wwfajrmufatmif oifMum;ay;xm;yg&ufeYJ 'Davmuf xkid ;f tygvQif xD;eef;
ESifhrwefyav}}
pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D vnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; t0wfawmfrsm; jyefvnf 0wfqifay;
&if; tjrifrh if;orD;av;ukd qlyrl mefraJ eygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; &ifbwfawmfrS t
uku
d cf &H aom 'Pf&mrS aoG;rsm;ukd t0wfjzLpjzifh okwo
f ifay;aeygonf/
tjrifo
h rD;av;rSmvnf; rsupf rd suEf mS ysuv
f suEf iS hf olr\ t0wftpm;rsm;ukd jyef
vnfqifjref;aeygonf/
]]armifarmifb&k m; temaygufuk orm;awmfO;D &Si;f ukd tyifch idk ;f acsrS oifah wmfrnf
xifaMumif;ygbk&m;}}
]]tcsed rf awmfMu;D oGm;a&mufajcyifah vmufonfh temvnf; r[kwo
f nfaMumifh pd;k
&draf ESmif;vkYd aMumifMh uawmfrrlygeJY pkp&k UJ ? 'DntwGuf qH0g;zwfr
H Muyfpnf;xm;vQif
jy;D Ekid o
f nfy pkpik }hJ }
rif;w&m;Mu;D rdeaYf wmfrpl um;Mum;onfEiS hf pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D vnf; qefwqkyaf vmuf
,lcidk ;f &ef tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;buf vSnMhf unfv
h u
dk o
f nf tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;tm;
rawGU&awmhyg/ pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D vnf; Mumjcnf&H tjyifxu
G
f tysKd awmfMu;D rsm;&S&d m
okYd oGm;a&muf qeftenf;i,frQ ,laqmifc&hJ ef cdik ;f apvku
d yf gonf/
pdew
f ek ;f rdz&k m;Mu;D apckid ;f vku
d o
f nfh qef&&So
d jzifh qefwqkypf mukd rdz&k m;Mu;D uk,
d f
awmfwkdif0g; rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;temtkH&ef Mumjcnf&HtwGif;0ifoGm;onfwGif t
jrifo
h rD;awmfav;uk,
d w
f idk f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;tm; Muyfpnf;ay;aeonfudk awGU&ygonf/
rdz&k m;Mu;D tHMh o[efjzifh Munfah eonfudk jrifawmfro
l nfrh if;w&m;Mu;D bk&m;onf......
]]tjrifo
h rD;awmfav;u vdrm onfAsmh pkpMk u;D &JU ? olUcrsm qefudk ,lvmawmfrjl y;D
uk,
d w
f idk 0f g; tkaH y;onfAsm}}
]]rSev
f yS g ? trdu
k t
f rJav;ukad wmh qk;H ray;awmfrrl S oifah wmfrnf xifrad Mumif; a&T
141
(6)
eHeufnv
D mcHobifoYdk wufa&muf&ef vmaom OD;a&TarmifMu;D rSm ta&SUawmfMu;D
twGi;f rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; trdeaYf wmfjzifh qifah c:awmfr
l a&muf&v
dS maom orm;awmf
Mu;D OD;pH0if;ESihf OD;&Si;f wku
Yd dk awGU&S&d ygonf/
orm;awmfMu;D rsm;xH csO;f uyfppHk rf;ygaomfvnf; rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; aq;awmfquf
&ef vma&muf&rnfudk qifah c:onft
h wGuf tjref vku
d yf gvmjcif; jzpfaMumif;rSwyg;
wjcm;rod& OD;a&TarmifMu;D vnf; pOf;pm;rdygonf/ orm;awmfO;D &Si;f ESiOhf ;D pH0if;wdo
Yk nf
temaygufu&k mwGif ausmMf um;onfh orm;awmfMu;D rsm; jzpfMuygonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk
&m; rnfoaYdk om temawmf ayguf&avoenf;/
,refaeYn nDvmcHwiG f tcpm;0ifco
hJ nfh tcsed w
f idk af tmif aumif;rGeu
f se;f rmpGm &Sd
aeayonf/ rif;w&m;Mu;D bk&m; temawmftwGuf aq;awmfquf&ef qifah c:onfudk
vnf; orm;awmfMu;D rsm;u ckid rf mpGm ajymMum;aeonft
h wGuf rif;w&m;Mu;D aq;awmf
142
cspfpdefvGif
ukef;abmifacwf aqmifMumNrdKifrSwfwrf;
cspfpdefvGif
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
15/
'kw,
d r[m&mZ0ifawmfMu;D
uke;f abmifquf &mZ0ifawmfMu;D
&wemoDc r[m&mZ0if
okawm"dwr[m&mZ0ifMu;D
avmujAL[mtif&pHk mwrf;
a&TbeHk 'd gef;
jrefrmr[mr*Fvmrif;crf;awmf
vTwaf wmfrw
S w
f rf;
&Eyrdk S &wem*D&o
d Ydk
jrifueG ;f ta&;awmfyHk
&mZ"rRo*F[usr;f ed'gef;
a&S;upmayopf
trsKd ;om;,Ofaus;rIpmapmif
yg;pyf&mZ0if
a'gufwmrwf\ESpaf v;q,f
OD;armifarmifwif
xdyfwifaxG;
q&modrf;
0efMuD;oD&dOZem
OD;&mausmf
awmfpdefckd
a'gufwmbcspf
xGef;owif;pm
armifxif
aZmf*sD
trSw-f 1 1962
q&modrf;
OD;vS'if(jyef)
'*kefcifcifav;
17/ uaemifta&;awmfyHk
Akdvfat;armif
144
rdwq
f ufpmwrf;ESihf rSww
f rf;ukd
3-cGuf 1cGuw
f ifMuKd aomusr;f rsm;