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11? 11? 2010

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vlaovlNzpf0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,usrf; pmtkyf udk 2-&uf? arv? 2009-ckESpf paeaeUrS pwifNyD;
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ed'gef;? rmwdum HarryLwin

pmrsufESm 1-50 woowar woowar
pmrsufESm 51-100 HarryLwin
pmrsufESm 101-150 netforall
pmrsufESm 151-175 hotrod
pmrsufESm 201-250 vasu
pmrsufESm 251-275 kotayza
pmrsufESm 301-325 ghostchatter
pmrsufESm 326-350 zaygyi55
pmrsufESm 351-400 Claire
pmrsufESm 451-500 phyulin
pmrsufESm 501-550 achitsit
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pmrsufESm 626-650 Claire

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pmrsufESm 1081-1100 tokegyi007
pmrsufESm 1101-1175 kotayza
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½Sifr[muóyrSpí &[EÅmrax&fjrwfMuD;rsm;yif aMumifhMurJh aeawmfrlcJhMuonfr[kwf... avmurSm
"r®0g'xGef;um;atmif aqmif½Guf&rnfrSm "r®udk jrwfEkd;olwkdU&JU wm0efjzpfygw,f.....
wm0efodolrSm wm0ef½Sdw,f? wm0ef½SdolrSm wm0efydw,f[k a½S;q&mjrwfrsm;

qHk;rawmfrlcJhMuovkd wm0efodNyD; wm0ef½SdvmwJh usL;ypfrS "r®rdwfaqGrsm;uvnf; omoemhta&;
'kdUta&;[k &if0,fxm;vsuf t"r®0g'rsm;ukd wkdufzsuf&ef vufeufaumif; ozG,fjzpfwJh
vlaovljzpf0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä,usrf;ukd trsm;olig &ifxJodkU "r®&wemrsm; udef;atmif;&vG,favatmif
pmpDpm½kduf "r®'ge? trw'geukd ûycJhMuygw,f.....
tzdk;wefusrf;pmtkyfwpftkyfukd tckvkd0kdif;0ef;NyD; uGefysLwm pmpDpm½kdufjzpfatmif vkyfaqmifaewm

awGU&awmh t&rf;yDwdjzpfrdygw,f.... atmf 'kdYomoemawmftwGuf aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif wufwufMuGMuG
pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk; ½SdvdkufMuwm... ajymaeqkdaeMuwJh wkdifyifaeMuwmvnf; MunfEl;p&maumif;vkdufwm...
tJ'D0rf;omp&mtm;vHk;xJrSm 0dedpä,usrf;MuD;ukd zwf&wm yDwdtjzpfqHk;ygyJ.... 'gaMumifh tJ'DyDwdpdwfeJU
twl 'Dpmukd pDukH;cJhygw,f....
udkwmaw

vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, (odkUr[kwf)

omoemh tusKd;twGuf aqmif½GufrI yxrqHk; ajcvSrf;
uRefr jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmifudk 2009-ckESpf? rwfvrSm p0ifjzpfcJhygw,f/ 0ifpuawmh tGefvdkif;
tzGJUtpnf;wpfckudk tzJGUolwpfOD;taeeJY 0ifMunfh½HkoufoufygyJ/ &nf½G,fcsuf bmrS r,fr,f&&
r½SdcJhygbl;/ u@awG pHkatmif avQmufzwf&if; .... wpfcgrSmawmh bmoma&; u@xJudk 0ifMunfhrdygw,f/
uRefr 0rf;vnf;om tHhvnf;tHhMooGm;cJhw,f? wjcm; u@awGrSm pHkvif tm;aumif;vSwJh

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmifonf bmoma&;u@rSmvnf; vHk;0 tm;renf;bl;qdkwm awGUvdkuf&vdkUygyJ/
txl;ojzifh bmoma&; pmayaumif;awGudk armifESrrsm;u êud;pm;yef;pm; tm;êud;rmefwuf
wifqufay;aeMuwm? Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif&JU tvdkawmfeJY tnD aqG;aEG;Mu ar;Mu ajzMueJU
todwdk;yGm;atmifvkyfaeMuwmawGudk awGU&awmh ydkvdkUawmif oabmusrdw,f/ 'gayr,hf udk,fu
0ifcgpqdkawmh vdkufMunfh½HkyJ Munhfjzpfao;w,f/
uRefr odyfESpfoufwJh bmoma&;pmayawGudk a'gif;vkyf,l? r&wmawGudk armifESrrsm;qDudk

tyluyf? 'DvdkeJUae&if;u ... wpfaeUrSmawmh wdkU tyluyforQ 'dkifcH rûidrNiif Nyefwifay;wJh tpfudkBuD;
kotayza u yDtrfydkUNyD; ]]vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä,}} pmtkyfBuD;twGufudk 0dkif;ul
pm½dkufay;ygvm;vdkU arwåm&yfvmygw,f/
'Dvdk tultnDawmif;cH&wmudkyJ awmfawmf aysmfoGm;w,f ..... tJ ..... enf;enf;vnf;

wGefUqkwfrdw,f ..... bmvdkUvJqdkawmh tJ'Dh tcsdeftxd wpfcgrS jrefrmpm r½dkufzl;ao;bl;/ ]]tdk .....
vkyfcsifwJhpdwfqE´½Sd&if bmrsm;rjzpf&rvJ ..... olUbmomoljzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f? eifbmrS ylraeeJU}} vdkU
udk,fhudkudk,f jyeftm;ay;&if; tkwfwpfcsyf oJwpfyGifh yg0ifvdkufxm ..... tJ'Dhu pNyD; tckvdk
omoemhtusKd;udk (tkwfwpfcsyf oJwpfyGifh ESrf;wpfaphyJjzpfjzpf) qufvufNyD; armifESrrsm;eJYtwl
tm;êud;rmefwuf vkyfjzpfoGm;wm ,aeUxdwdkifygyJ½Sif/
'gaMumifh 'DpmtkyfBuD;eJU ywfoufNyD; tckvdk ..... uRefrrSm omoemawmfBuD; tusKd;udko,fydk;cGifh?

ukokdvfjzpfcGifhrsm;pGm aumif;pGm&cJh&wJhtjyif ..... 'DpmtkyfBuD;udk zwf½IavhvmcGifh&cJhvdkU 0dedpä,ÓPfvnf;
rsm;pGm ykdxufoefvmcJhNyD;? omoemawmfBuD;pifMu,fzdkU b,favmufta&;BuD;w,f? omoemhtEÅ&m,fawG
b,favmufawmifrsm;aew,fqdkwmudkyg odcGifh&cJhNyD; ..... &wemawmfjrwf (3)yg;udk trsm;BuD;
ydkMunfñdkpdwf? omoemcspfpdwfawG tqrsm;pGmwdk;yGm;vmcJh&wm jzpfygaMumif;? 'DpmtkyfBuD; tckvdk
jzpfajrmufay:xGef;vma&;twGuf aus;Zl;rsm;Muol armifESrrsm;tm;vHk;? aus;Zl;wifxdkufol
armifESrrsm;tm;vHk;udk 'D trSwfw&pmpkav;eJU av;pm;0rf;ajrmufpGm *kPfûy aus;Zl;rSwfwrf;
txl;wif½Sdvdkuf&ygw,f½Sif/
Ak'¨\ ppfrSefaom tqHk;tr omoemawmfonf aumif;pGm t"GefY½Snfygapownf;/

ruvsm

atmifygap
uGef,ufaeUopf? þa½Tacwf
usL;ypfNrefrm? zdk&rfrSm
omoemhygv? armifESrwdkU
Ak'¨tarG? usrf;pmay
NyefUyGm;a0rQvª .....
vlaovlNzpf? tNrifnpfESifh
rdk;Nym0g'? t"r®vdk
twGif;&efpG,f? NrJumuG,fNyD;
rsKd;Ncm;rdpäm? omoemvdk
&efpG,fNyify? ½SdorQvnf;
acgif;iHkUrcH? pOfwGef;vSefonf
nDnmpdwf0rf;wl ....
Ak'¨NrwfpGm? omoemwGuf
El;nHhESvHk;? Nrwfvuf½kH;ESifh
omoemhygv? armifESrwdkU
apwempkdufxkwf vHkUvûyonf
o'¨gNrJMunfNzL ..... /
udkArmhaoG;


rmwdum
pOf taMumif;t&m ESm
tydkif;(1)
1-1/ yHkESdyfxkwfa0&Ncif;taMumif; .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1
1-2/ ½Hk;awmfzGifh tcrf;tem;tpDtpOf ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 2
1-3/ NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efBuD;Xme\ oabmxm; ..... ..... ..... ..... 3
1-4/ EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)zGJUpnf;Ncif;trdefU ..... ..... ..... 7
1-5/ trSwf(2) oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU\ &yfwnfcsuf ..... ..... ..... ..... 9
tydkif;(2)
2-1/ apm'em wifoGif;vTm ed'gef; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 14
2-2/ apm'em wifoGif;vTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 21
2-3/ omrnapm'emwiftNyD; pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ½Hk;awmfrS ppfar;Ncif; ..... ..... 98
2-4/ 0daooapm'em wifoGif;vTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 107
2-5/ 0daooap'emtNyD; pk'dwursm;tm; ar;Ncif; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 204
tydkif;(3)
3-1/ aom"emu@ (obmywdq&mawmf\ rdefUMum;csuf) ..... ..... ..... ..... 206
3-2/ OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emacsyvTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 207
3-3/ ocifNrwfqdkif\ acsyvTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 218
3-4/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ acsyvTm ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 266
3-5/ obmywdq&mawmfed*Hk;csKyfrdefUcGef; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 339
tydkif;(4)
4-1/ 0dedpä,u@ (tcrf;tem;tpDtpOf) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 340
4-2/ Oya'ESifhywfoufaom oabmxm;½Sif;vif;csuf ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 341
4-3/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ Mo0g' ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 346
4-4/ vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä, ed'gef; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 352
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} bmoma&;armifESrwpfpkrS pmpDpm½dkufNzifh ‘'geûyonf


pOf taMumif;t&m ESm
tydkif;(5)
5-1/ qHk;Nzwfcsuf trSwf(1)
bmomrJh ½kyf0g'DESifhpyfaom 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 367
vlaovlNzpf 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 395
31-bHky,f 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 447
uH uH\tusdK;udk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 472
twdwftem*wfb0wdkUudk y,fNcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... 510
tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k qdkNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
qHk;Nzwfcsuf trSwf(20)
oH*g,em 6-wefudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif a[maNymNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä, ..... 530
oAÁñkwÓPfudk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 596
orx0dyóemudk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... 616
0denf;w&m;udk ypfy,fNcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... 653
oHCmudk ykwfcwfNcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 668
y&dwf½GwfNcif;udk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 681
"mwfawmfarGawmfponfudk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... 690
Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHy,fNcif; 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... 700


pOf taMumif;t&m ESm
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ ukodkvfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udky,fNcif; 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... 718
Oyg'gefESifhpyfaom 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 738
t&d,mESifh edAÁmefudk Nyifqifa&;om;Ncif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... 816
"r®pMumvufopfESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 827
vufNzpfygVdtrSm;rsm;Nzifh vdrfnma&;om;Ncif; 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... ..... 836
Ak'¨\ NzpfawmfpOf Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk rxDrJhNrifûyNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... 845
bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm; xkwfy,f zsufqD;Ncif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä, ..... ..... ..... 877
5-21/ aygif;½Hk;oHk;oyfcsuf (aumufcsuf) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 881
tydkif;(6)
6-1/ vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, csrSwfcsuf ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 895
6-2/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u pk'dwuwdkUtm; rdefUMum;aom Mo0g'uxm ..... 903
6-3/ ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf\ ½Sif;vif;aNymMum;csuf ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 906
6-4/ t"r®0g'pGefUvTwfyGJ tcrf;tem; tpDtpOfrsm; ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 909
9-5/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;vTm ..... ..... ..... ..... 910
6-6/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU tvSnfhus Ouú|q&mawmf\ Mo0g'uxm ..... 912
6-7/ q&mawmfOD;crmok"\ 0dedpä,tusOf;csKyf oHk;oyfcsufESifh ESvHk;oGif;zG,f Mo0g' ..... 916
6-8/ tusdK;aqmif q&mawmf\ ½Sif;vif;rdefUMum;csuf ..... ..... ..... ..... 921
6-9/ t"r®0g' pGefUvTwfaMumif; y#dnmOfûy vufrSwfa&;xdk;Ncif; ..... ..... ..... 923
6-10/ NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efBuD;Xme\ trdefUaMumfNimpm ..... ..... ..... 926
6-11/ usrf;pmtkyf "r®'getvª½Sif ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 927

tpodkU
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)\

0dedpä, qHk;Nzwfcsufudk obmywdq&mawmfu zwfMum;aMuNimaepOf
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)

0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfBuD;rsm; oHk;oyfcsuf zwfMum;onfudk
apm'u q&mawmfrsm; emMum;aepOf
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} bmoma&;armifESrwpfpkrS pmpDpm½dkufNzifh ‘'geûyonf yHk-1

tpodkU
q&mawmf OD;pE¨drm apm'emvTm wifoGif;aeyHk
q&mawmf OD;ynmoD[ apm'emvTm wifoGif;aeyHk

tpodkU
obmywdq&mawmfBuD;\ Mo0g'udk emMum;aeaom

apm'uq&mawmfrsm;ESifh y&dowfrsm;
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifoGif;aom apm'emudk

pk'dwu q&mawmfrsm; emMum;aeyHk

tpodkU

apm'uyk*¾dKvf(4)yg;
EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJU a½SUarSmufü
pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfrsm; Mo0g'cH,laeyHk

tpodkU

zGJUpnf;&Ncif;taMumif;udk apm'uESifh pk'dwu ESpfbufyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;
ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf OD;MunfñGefUu
½Sif;vif;avQmufxm; aNymMum;aepOf
pk'dwu vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;

tpodkU
omoEÅ& pG,fpHkwwfuRrf;awmfrlaom aNrmif;NrûrdU

yaZÆmwm½Hkq&mawmf OD;ÓPdu oHk;oyfcsufudk zwfMum;aeyHk
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2) trIppfaq;aepOf

vma&mufem;axmifMuaom y&dowftcsdKU

tpodkU
rauG;ûrdU r[m0dokwm&mrwdkuf
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfOD;ukrm&
oHk;oyfcsufudk zwfMum;aeyHk
0dedpä, qHk;Nzwfcsufudk aMuNimaepOf ty&a*g,meausmif;aqmifa½SUü

vma&muf em,laeMuaom y&dowftcsdKU

tpodkU
Mo0g'cH,lyGJtNyD;ü pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk awGU&yHk
0dedpä, qHk;NzwfcsufcsNyD;aemuf EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU\

Mo0g'cH,l&ef pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkifESifhtzGJUtm;
ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf OD;MunfñGefUu OD;aqmifac:,loGm;pOf

tpodkU
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU 'kwd,Ouú|

(t*¾r[my@dw) Am&mPoDq&mawmfu pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;
Mo0g'uxm csD;Nr§ifhaepOf
pk'dwursm;tm; EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUu

Mo0g'ay;aeonfudk ZrÁK'Dyausmif;aqmifa½SUü vma&mufem,laeaom
y&dwfowftcsdKU

tpodkU
t"r®0g'udk pGefUvTwfaMumif; or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU

Ouú| OD;cif[ef 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;aepOf
a½Ttbd"r®m0g'udk pGefUvTwfaMumif; &cdkifNynfe,f awmifukwfûrdU

a½Ttbd"r®mtzGJU Ouú| OD;a½TNynfh 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;aepOf

tpodkU
t"r®0g'udk pGefUvTwfaMumif; or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU (em,u)

OD;vGef;armif 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;aepOf

OD;ÓPfodkif; 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;aepOf

tpodkU

OD;pdefat; 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;aepOf

wGJzuftwGif;a&;rª; OD;ausmfwifh 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;aepOf

tpodkU

'kwd,Ouú| OD;Nr'if 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;aepOf

taxGaxG twGif;a&;rª; OD;NrifhaqG 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;aepOf

tpodkU
obmywdq&mawmfu EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)\

0dedpä, qHk;Nzwfcsufudk EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU 'kwd,Ouú|
(t*¾r[my@dw) Am&mPoDq&mawmfvufodkU vTJtyfaeyHk
vlaovlNzpf OD;Ouú| 0g'udk pGefUvTwfaMumif;

pk'dwu OD;Z0e (ae½Sife,fausmif;? awmifwGif;BuD;)
0efcHvufrSwfxdk;aepOf

tpodkU

pk'dwu OD;Z0e (ig;qifhtaemufausmif;? awmifwGif;BuD;)

pk'dwu OD;OaZÆmwdu (uGif;ausmif;? a';'&J)

tpodkU

OD;qE´m'du (ewfrSDawm&ausmif;? awmifwGif;BuD;)
vlaovlNzpf t,l0g'udk pGefUvTwfaMumif; pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkif


tpodkU
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme? ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf a'gufwmrsdK;jrifh\

'kv’b"r®'ge
om"ktEkarm'em 0rf;ajrmufzG,fpum;
þ"r®'geukodkvf½Sif pm'g,umBuD; OD;ausmfñGefUonf Ak'¨bmomrsdK;½dk;rS &wemoHk;yg;
OD;xdyfxm;í arG;zGm;vmoljzpfonfhtwdkif; rdbwdkU\oGefoifrIjzifh vlrSef;odpuyif &wemoHk;yg;ESifh
tpOfrjywfxdawGUcJh&ayonf? ausmif;pmoifcsdefrsm;rSmvnf; q&maumif;rsm;ESifh bmompmayrsm;udk
oifMum;cJh&onf? ,if;bmoma&;pmayrsm;udk zwf½I avhvm&wkdif; MunfEl;0rf;omjzpfcJh&onf?
wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifcsdefwGif q&mawmfoHCmawmfrsm;ESifh tcgrjywf êuHêudufzl;jrifcGifh&NyD; bmoma&;
todÓPfrsm; <u,f0cJh&onf/
av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; yg&rDawmfqnf;yl;í bk&m;tjzpf &awmfrlyHkudk tm½Hkûyum tBudrfBudrf
tzefzef Ak'ÿlZmûycJhonf? apwDbk&m;ausmif;uefrsm; wnfaqmufûyjyif rGrf;rH&mXmersm;wGif udk,ftm;
aiGtm; pGrf;tm;½SdorQ yg0ifukodkvfûycJhonf? ½Sifawmfbk&m; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlaom tylcyfodrf;
Nidrf;at;aMumif; "r®&wem wnfwHhjyefUyGm;ap&ef pmtkyfpmayusrf;*efrsm;udk tcGifh&ovkd ½dkufESdyfvª'gef;
cJhonf/
av;oacsFESifhurÇmwpfodef; yg&rDqnf;yl;í tvHk;pHkodjrifawmfrlaom bk&m;tjzpfokdU a&mufygrS
a[mMum;awmfrlaom "r®&wemrsm;udk qefUusifaomtm;jzifh xdcdkufpGyfpJG ajymqdkoHMum;&vQif pdwfESvHk;
wkefvIyfNyD; wif;MuyfpGm cHpm;cJh&onf? ,if;rSm;,Gif;csufrsm;udk wwftm;orQ odorQ ajz½Sif;ay;cJhonf/
avmuonf tvGefqef;Mu,fvSonf? þrQrGefjrwfaom w&m;awmfrsm;udk yifudk,fo'¨gw&m;
enf;yg;olrsm;onf ½Iaxmifhbufaygif;pHkrS enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh xdyg;ykwfcwf pGyfpJGvmwwfMuonf?
vlaovljzpfvdk 0g'rsdK;rSm taxmuf txm;trsdK;rsdK;jyí ay:aygufvmonfjzpf&m pm'g,umBuD;onf
r[kwfrrSefrSef; {uefwdwd od½Sdonf? odkU&mwGif ,if;bufqkdif&m ynm½Sifr[kwfonfhtwGuf pepfwus
tus,fw0ifh wpfcsufjcif; ajz½Sif;EdkifpGrf; r&Sday/
uHtm;avQmfpGm oD;jcm;EkdifiHawmf0dedpä, trSwf(2)tzJGU qHk;jzwfxm;aom vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'
(ax&0g' pG,fpHkusrf;) udk zwf½IavhvmcGifh &&SdcJhonf? 0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;u rSefuefpGm
atmifatmifjrifjrif ydkifydkifEkdifEkdif 0dedpä, csEkdifcJhonfudk MunfñdkcJh&ayonf? odkUaomfvnf; þusrf;pmrSm
,cktcg avhvmolrsm; twGuf xyfrHyHkESdyf&ef vdktyfvsuf ½Sdayonf/
odkUjzpf&m 'g,umwkdU\tusdK;ukd tpOftjrJ enf;ay;vrf;ñTef ûyawmfrlavh½Sdaom &efukefwkdif;?
oCFef;uRef;ûrdUe,f? BuD;yGm;a&;&yfuGuf? yknedr®dwm&mr a½Tok0Pfausmif;q&mawmf b'ÉÅo'¨d,
(t*¾r[m o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z) ESifhwkdifyifí þ0dedpä,usrf;pmudk yHkESdyfvª'gef;vdkaMumif;?
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} bmoma&;armifESrwpfpkrS pmpDpm½dkufNzifh ‘'geûyonf a

tpodkU
þusrf;pmyHkESdyfNyD;ygu a&mif;&aiGudk ya'om&efyHkaiGtjzpfowfrSwfvsuf þusrf;pmukefoGm;wdkif;

aemuftBudrfrsm; tqufrjywfatmif qufvufyHkESdyfEkdif&ef &nf½G,fygaMumif; rdrdtm; tqdkûy
wifjyygonf? omoemawmf wnfwHhjyefYyGm;a&;odkU a½S;½Ivsuf þ0dedpä,usrf;udk rlrysufapbJ
yHkESdyfvª'gef;vdkonfh pm'g,umBuD; OD;ausmfñGefU\ tMuHtpnf or®mouFyÜrSm tESpfom&jynhf0í
aumif;jrwfvSaMumif; awGU½Sd&ygonf/ pm'g,umBuD; OD;ausmfñGefU\tvªonf ynmoH0wåedu"r®'ge
ya'omyiftjzpf wnf½SdaernfjzpfNyD; omoemwnfaeoa½GU xm0&ukodkvf tpOf½Sifoefaernfh
tpDtpOfyif jzpfygonf/
vlaovljzpf0g'gEk0g'0dedpä, (ax&0g' pG,fpHkusrf;)BuD;onf pmrsufESmaygif; 1200-cefU½Sdí
qkdufBuD;qkdufcefU jzpfygonf/ puúLaumif;? rifusrifeaumif;? csKyfvkyfrIaumif;jzifh taumif;oHk;csufnDpGm
tkyfa& (1000)twGuf pm'g,umBuD; OD;ausmfñGefUrdom;pku aiGusyfodef;(50)ausmf
rwnfvª'gef;xm;ygonf/
&efukefwkdif;? awmifOuúvmyûrdUe,f? yg&rD&yfuGuf? yg&rDvrf;? aiGMum&H&dyfomae jynfhpHkñGefY
ukrÜPDykdif½Sif? tvª½Sif OD;ausmfñGefU+a':oef;jrifh ESifh om;orD;ajr;wpfpk wkdU\ tjcm;omoemûy
tvªawmfjzpfaom uefUbvlûrdU r[ma½TpnfBuD;apwDawmf pmoifwkduftvªESifh wdyd#uygVdjrefrm tbd"mef
twGJ(1)? twGJ (2)? twGJ (3) yHkESdyftvª ponfwkdUESifhwuG txl;ojzifh þvlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,
(ax&0g' pG,fpHkusrf;) twGuf yHkESdyfvª'gef;jcif; ynmoH0wåedu "r®'ge jrwfaumif;rI ukodkvftpkpkwdkUudk
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"koHk;Budrfac:qdkvsuf þtEkarm'empmwrf;jzifh *kPfûyrSwfwrf; wiftyfygownf;/
a'gufwmrsdK;jrifh
ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf
omoema&; OD;pD;Xme
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} bmoma&;armifESrwpfpkrS pmpDpm½dkufNzifh ‘'geûyonf b

tpodkU

tydkif;(1)
1-1/ yHkESdyfxkwfa0&Ncif;taMumif;
1-2/ ½Hk;awmfzGifh tcrf;tem;tpDtpOf
1-3/ NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efBuD;Xme\ oabmxm;
1-4/ EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)zGJUpnf;Ncif;trdefU
1-5/ trSwf(2) oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU\ &yfwnfcsuf
OD;wnfrysuf a½SUokdUquf
vlUbkHxkH;pH uJh&JU'Pffjzifh
&efrmefydwf oJc&D;cJü
pdwfZJGoefoef aemufrjyefbJ
&Jrmef&JaoG; &JpdwfarG;vsuf
&JaoG;eDeD pD&&Djzifh
OD;wnfrysuf a½SUokdUqufavmh .....
(r[m*E¨m½kHq&mawmf)

tpodkU
yHkESdyfxkwfa0&jcif;taMumif;
jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmftwGif; vlaovljzpf0g'? or®m'd|d0g'?
a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wkdUESifh ywfoufí 0d0g'g"du½kPf;BuD;jzpfyGm;vsuf½Sd&m *dkPf;aygif;pHk
oHCmhtpnf;ta0;BuD;\ wm0efay;csuft& EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGUrS ,if;0d0g'g"du½kPf;BuD;udk
qHk;jzwfay;&eftwGufEkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2)udk 1343-ckESpf? e,kefvqkwf
(9)&ufaeUwGif zJGUpnf;cJhayonf/
EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU (2)onf EkdifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGU\ wm0efay;csuft&
1343-ckESpf? e,kefvqkwf (12)&ufaeUwGif pwifí ½Hk;zGifh ppfaq;cJhNyD; apm'uESifh pk'dwuwkdU
ESpfOD;ESpfbuf wifjy avQmufxm;Muaom apm'em aom"emwifvTmwdkUudk av;vMumrQ tcsdef,l
oHk;oyfppfaq;vsuf 1343-ckESpf? oDwif;uRwfvqkwf (11)&ufaeUrSpí 6-&ufwdkifwdkif qHk;jzwfcsufudk
csrSwfcJhayonf/ ,if; qHk;jzwfcsuf 0dedpä,onf edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfoHk;oG,frS jyefUus,faom Ak'¨0g'
"r®OóHk pHkpHkvifvif½SdvSojzifh ]]ax&0g' pG,fpHkusrf;}} [kyif ac:qdkxdkufayonf/
odkUjzpfí -
(u) 0dedpä,udk 6-&ufwdkifwdkif csrSwf&mü pdwf0ifpm;pGmjzifh vma&mufem,lMuolrsm;ESifh
þ0dedpä, tqHk;tjzwfrsm;udk tpOfzwfMum;rSwfom;vdkMuaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\
vdktifqEúdk jznfhpGrf;&ef?
(c) "r® t"r® 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rsm; aemufxyf ray:aygufap&ef?
(*) jzpfay:NyD;aom 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rsm; Nidrf;at;yaysmufap&ef?
(C) ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfESifh qefUusifaom t,ltqrsm; yaysmufap&ef?
(i) ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfESifh nDñGwfaom t,ltqrsm; xGef;um;ap&ef?
(p) rdpäm0g' tukodkvf t,ltqrsm;uif;pifí or®m0g'ukodkvft,ltqrsm; xGef;um;ap&ef?
(q) "r® t"r® 0d0g'udpöü twk,lzG,f jzwfxHk;tjzpf ordkif;wGif usef&pfap&ef -
[laom &nf½G,fcsufjzifh ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfESifhtnD qHk;jzwfxm;aom þ ]]vlaovljzpf
0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,}} usrf;BuD;udk omoema&;OD;pD;XmerS wpftkyfwnf;ESifhtNyD; pufwifyHkESdyfí xkwfa0jzefUcsd
tyfygownf;/
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme
]]NrefrmusL;ypf omoemhygv}} bmoma&;armifESrwpfpkrS pmpDpm½dkufNzifh ‘'geûyonf 1

tpodkU
1343-ckESpf? e,kefvqkwf (13) &uf? (30.6.81) &ufaeU

&efukefûrdU? urÇmat;ukef;ajr ty&a*g,meausmif;aqmifü
vlaovljzpf0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'ESifh a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wkdUudk
"r®-t"r®tjzpf Mum;emppfaq;&ef zGifhvSpftyfaom
EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2) ½Hk;awmfzGifh
tcrf;tem;tpDtpOf
----------
1/ arwåokwf y&dwfawmfudk ½Gwfzwfí ½Hk;awmfudk zGifhvSpf&ef?
2/ jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0efBuD;Xme\ oabmxm;udk avQmufxm;&ef?
3/ oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2)udk zJGUpnf;aMumif; EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzJGU\ trdefU
(aMunmcsuf) udk zwfMum;&ef?
4/ vufrSwfxdk;xm;onfrSm rSefuefrI ½Sd r½Sd apm'uESifh pk'dwuwkdUtm; obmywdq&mawmfu
ar;jref;&ef?
5/ EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2) ½Hk;awmf\ &yfwnfcsufudk zwfMum;&ef?
6/ vlaovljzpf0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'ESifh a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wkdUudk jzefUjzL;a&;om;
a[majymaejcif;rSm bk&m;a[m ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfESifh qefUusifí t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif;
apm'em wifoGif;&ef?
7/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emESifhpyfvsOf;í jyefvnfacsyjcif; ûy rûy pk'dwursm;tm;
ar;jref;&ef?
8/ jyefvnfacsyjcif;rûyaom q&mawmfoHk;yg;\ 0efcHcsufudk zwfMum;&ef?
9/ 0daooapm'emwifoGif;&eftwGuf &ufcsdef;ay;&ef?
(tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf vufaxmufñTefMum;a&;rª; OD;ausmfvGifu aqmif½Gufonf)

tpodkU
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf OD;MunfñGefU

avQmufxm;tyfaom jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;
0efBuD;Xme\ oabmxm;
½SifOuú|&JU vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh pyfvsOf;NyD; 0dedpä, tqHk;tjzwfay;&eftwGuf
EkdifiHawmfoHCr[mem,u tzJGUu zJGUpnf;ay;tyfaom oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2)rS
obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; trª;xm; NyD;awmh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
0dedpä,tqHk;tjzwfay;rnfh 0denf;"dk&ftzJGU0if q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;ukd wkdifwnfNyD;awmh
wynfhawmfu ESpfbufaom apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk wynfhawmfwdkU jynfxJa&;ESifh
omoema&; 0efBuD;Xme\ oabmxm;udk avQmufxm;vdkygw,f bk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkU0efBuD;Xme&JU oabmu bmvJqkd&if wynfhawmfrsm; ,ckvdk "r® t"r®trIawGudk
oD;jcm; 0dedpä,tzJGU zJGUNyD; ppfaq;wJhtcgrSm ESpfbufaom apm'uESifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk wynfhawmfrsm;
txl;yJ arwåm&yfcHcsifwmu wynfhawmfwdkUonf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;&JU 0dedpä,tzJGU a½SUrSmvmNyD;
t½HI;tEdkifvkwJh oabmrsdK; rjzpfapcsifygbl;qkdwm ESpfbufaom apm'uESifh pk'dwuwdkUodatmif
0efBuD;Xme&JU oabmxm;udk wifjy&if; txl;yJ awmif;yefygw,f/
0efBuD;XmetaeeJU jzpfapcsifwJh oabmxm;u bmvJ? ESpfbufaom apm'uESifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;
taeeJU ykxkZOfwkdU&JU obm0tavsmuf t,ltqa&;&mESifh ywfoufNyD;awmh oabmxm;uJGvJGrI
½SdcJhMuw,f? tJ'Dvdk ½SdcJhMuwJhtwGuf t½Sifbk&m;rsm;u trSefoabmxm;rsm;udk ½SmazG
ay;oem;awmfrlygqdkwJh oabmrsdK;eJU vma&mufNyD;awmh t½Sifbk&m;rsm;\ trSefw&m; tqHk;tjzwfay;rJh
udpöudk emcHjcif;jzpfw,fvdkU oabmxm;Muyg&ef t½Sifbk&m;rsm;udk wkdifwnfNyD; wynfhawmfu
t½Sifbk&m;rsm;&JU a½SUarSmufrSm ESpfbufaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk arwåm&yfcHvdk&if; jzpfygw,f/
'DrSm tenf;i,f ESpfbufyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;&rnfqdk,if ,ck oD;jcm;
0denf;"dk&ftzJGUudk q&mawmfrsm;tm;vHk; todjzpfygw,f? vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;vJyJ todjzpfygw,f?
jynfolUvTwfawmfu jy|mef;cJhwJh 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf; rIcif;rsm;ajz½Sif;a&;qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr (3)t&
zJGUpnf;aqmif½Gufjcif;jzpfygw,f? yk'fr(3)u b,fvdkqdkxm;ovJqkd,if -
]]0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf;rIcif;awGeJU ywfoufvkdU½Sd,if zJGUpnf;wJh 0dedpä,tzJGU
(odkUr[kwf) oD;jcm;0dedpä,tzJGUrsm; uom qHk;jzwf&r,f}}
vdkU qkdxm;ygw,f/
aemufwpfcsufu yk'fr(13)t& aqmif½Guf&efjzpfygw,f? tJ'D yk'fr(13)rSm
b,fvdkqdkxm;ovJqkd,if ]]'Dvkd 0dedpä, tzJGUawGu ppfaq;qHk;jzwfwJh qHk;jzwfcsufawGudk

tpodkU
taumiftxnfazmfwJhae&mrSm jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&; 0efBuD;Xmeu vdktyfovdk aqmif½GufEkdifonf}}

vkdU qdkxm;ygw,f/
tJ'Dvdk yk'fr(2)ck ½Sdygw,f? (3 ESifh 13) tJ'Dyk'fr ESpfckonf 0dedpä,Oya'&JU t"duuswJh yk'fr 2-
ckjzpfygw,f? tck wynfhawmfavQmufxm;jcif;onf yk'fr(13)t& 0efBuD;Xmeu t½Sifbk&m;rsm;&JU
tqHk;tjzwfudk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½Gufay;&rJh wm0ef0wå&m;½Sdonfhtavsmuf yk'fr (13)t&
avQmufxm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/
tJ'Dawmh 'DrSm tenf;i,f aemufaMumif;jyefNyD; avQmufxm;r,fqdk,if wynfhawmfwdkU 'D0dedpä,eJU
ywfoufNyD;awmh t½Sifbk&m;rsm;tm;vHk; odygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;wJh aemufydkif;rSm 0dedpä,Oya'
½SdcJhygw,f? 0dedpä,cHkOya' ponfjzifh ½SdcJhygw,f? 'D Oya'tm;vHk;onf oHCmrsm;&JU 0denf;"r®uH
t"du½kPf; ESifh rIcif;rsm;udk qHk;jzwfajz½Sif;wJh ae&mrSm at;at;csrf;csrf;eJU oHCmpnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIudk
jzpfap&ef rlvu &nf½G,fcJhaomfvnf; vufawGUrSm jzpfrvmygbl;? 'Dvkd jzpfrvmwJhtwGuf
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD Oya'yk'fr trSwf (1) eJU 1965-ckESpfrSm zsufodrf;cJhygw,f? &nf½G,fcsuftwkdif;
jzpfrvmvdkU zsufodrf;cJh&jcif; jzpfygw,f/
tJ'Daemuf Oya'vJr&SdwJhtcgrSm 'Dvdk "r® t"r® t"du½kPf;rIcif;awGudka&m ausmif;uef
t"du½kPf;rIcif; awGudka&m wynfhawmfwdkU omoema&;0efBuD;XmetaeESifh bmrS ajz½Sif;aqmif½GufEkdifjcif;
r½SdcJhygbl;? tJ'Dvdk r½SdcJhwJhtwGuf wynfhawmfwdkU txl;ojzifh "r® t"r® tjiif;yGm;wJh udpöawGrSm
e,fawGrSm tawmfuav; *,uf½dkufoGm;ygw,f? Oyrm wcsdKUae&mawGrSm wpfbufu w&m;a[mw,f?
wpfbufu cJeJU aygufw,f? 'g tm;vHk;odygw,f? aemufNyD;awmh wcsdKUae&mawGrSm bkef;BuD;csif; uJGw,f?
bkef;BuD;uJGawmh ½GmuJGw,f? ½GmuJGawmh ûrdUa&m e,fa&m uJGw,f ponfjzifh wynfhawmfwdkUEkdifiH&JU pnf;vHk;
nDñGwfrI xdcdkufygw,f/
jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;wJh tqHk;trudk tm;vHk;vdkufemwJhae&mrSm wpfbufESifhwpfbuf
t,ltqrwlwmeJU vlawG y#dyu©jzpfNyD; uJGjym;w,fqdkwm omoemawmftwGuf
tifrwefepfemrIawGjzpfygw,f? 'Dvdk udpöawGrSm wynfhawmfwdkU omoema&;0efBuD;XmetaeeJU
twwfEkdifqHk; ÓPfpGrf;½SdorQac:NyD;awmh XmerSm n§dEdIif;rIawG½SdcJhygw,f? odkUaomfvnf;
ykxkZOfwkdUobm0tavsmuf rdrd\t,ltqudk rSefuefw,f qkdNyD;awmh ckdifrmaom tpJGtjrJ ½SdwJhtwGuf
ratmifjrif cJhygbl;/
Oyrm yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf&JU *kPfodu©mudk xdckdufNyD;awmh ajymqdkvdkjcif; r[kwfygbl;?
t&ifwavmuyJ pwkw¬yg&mZdu odu©myk'f vGefusL;ygw,fvdkU 0efcHNyD; vlxGufoGm;wJh rdk;at;q&mawmf
udpöqkd&if xif½Sm;ygw,f? rdk;at;bkef;BuD;a[mwJh wdwfacG wynfhawmfwdkUqDrSm ½Sdygw,f? olu

tpodkU
e*g;jynfoGm;NyD; pG,fawmf yifhvmw,fwJh? 'g owif;pmxJrSm ygygw,f? tJ'DudpöawGrSm olUudk,HkMunfwJh

'um 'umrawGxJrSm acwfynmwwfawGvJ trsm;BuD;ygygw,f? acwfynmwwf tpdk;&t&m½Sdwm0efudk
xrf;aqmifaewJh awmfawmf BuD;BuD;rm;rm; yk*¾dKvfawGvJ ygygw,f? 'Dyk*¾dKvfawGudk wynfhawmfwdkU
omoema&;OD;pD;Xme taeeJU ac:,lNyD;awmh (rjzpfEdkifwJhtaMumif;) aqG;aEG;ygw,f? b,fvdkyJ ½Sif;jyjy?
olwdkUvufrcHbl;? olwdkU ,HkMunfwmudk;? 'D ,HkMunfrItpJG[m tawmfuav; tcRwf&cufygw,f
qkdwJhtaMumif;udk tvsOf;oifhwkef; avQmufxm;&jcif; jzpfygw,f/
tvm;wlygyJ ½SifOuú|0g'eJU ywfoufvdkUvJ êudwifNyD;awmh cHk½Hk;rSmavQmufxm;jcif; r[kwfygbl;?
tav;ay;NyD;awmh avQmufxm;jcif; r[kwfygbl;? tBudrfBudrftzefzef ac:,laqG;aEG;ygw,f?
wynfhawmfwdkU omoema&;OD;pD;XmetaeeJU vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwmudk vkyfcJhw,fqdkwJhtaMumif;
q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;udk avQmufxm;&jcif;jzpfygw,f/
uG,fvGefoGm;NyDjzpfwJh OD;udkudkav;udk tBudrfBudrftcgcg wynfhawmfwdkU ac:,laqG;aEG;ygw,f?
'gayrJh olwdkUvJ wynfhawmfwdkU omoema&;OD;pD;XmeaqG;aEG;csufudk vufrcHygbl;? bmvdkUvJqdkawmh
olwdkUt,ltqudk pJGpJGjrJjrJ ,lxm;Muawmh wynfhawmfwdkU omoema&;OD;pD;Xme vljyefawmfynm½SdawG&JU
pum;udk olwdkU vufrcHygbl;? em;raxmifygbl;/
tvm;wlyJ wjcm; "r® t"r®qdkwm ½Sdygw,f? 'gaMumifh q&mawmfBuD;rsm; rESpfu *dkPf;aygif;pHk
oHCmh tpnf;ta0;BuD; atmifjrifpGm usif;ywJhtcg 0denf;"r®uH ajz½Sif;a&;qkdif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;udk
a&;qJGwJh ae&mrSm tJ'Dtcsdefu q&mawmfawG pOf;pm;cJhwm (a&;qJGcJhwm)[m tvGef rSefuefygw,f?
tifrwefvJ aumif;rGefygw,f? b,fvdkvJqkdawmh "r® t"r® trIonf tifrwef
odrfarGUEl;nHhwJhudpöjzpfonf? tJ'gaMumifh "r® t"r® trIudk qHk;jzwfwJhae&mrSm omref½dk;½dk;
ûrdUe,ftqifhrSm½SdwJh 0denf;"dk&frsm;u qHk;jzwfjcif;eJUpmvQif ,ck q&mawmfBuD;rsm;uJhodkU EkdifiHawmf
A[kdoHCmh0efaqmif oHCmtyg; 300-yg0ifwJh EdkifiHawmftqifh½Sd q&mawmfBuD;rsm;u pD&ifqHk;jzwfjcif;u
ydkNyD;awmh rSefuefvdrhfr,fvdkU ,lqNyD;awmh 'D*dkPf;aygif;pHk oHCmhtpnf;ta0;BuD;u "r® t"r®
tjiif;yGm;wJhudpöawGudkawmh ûrdUe,ftqifh½SdwJh 0denf;"dk&frsm;u rppfaq;eJUawmh? EkdifiHawmftqifh½SdwJh
A[kd0efaqmiftzJGU0ifq&mawmfBuD;rsm;u ppfaq;qHk;jzwf&r,fvdkU 'Dvkd 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf;
ajz½Sif;a&;qdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rSm xnfhoGif;NyD;awmh qHk;jzwfcJhwm[m q&mawmfBuD;rsm; tygt0if
jzpfygw,f/
tJ'D 0denf;"r®uH ajz½Sif;a&;qdkif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk *dkPf;aygif;pHkoHCmhtpnf;ta0;BuD;u
twnfûy jy|mef;cJhygw,f? odkUaomfvJ tJ'D twnfûyjy|mef;wJh 0denf;"r®uH vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;onf
tmPmpuft&m roufa&mufcJhygbl;? tJ'gaMumifh tmPmpuft&moufa&mufzdkUtwGuf
EkdifiHawmfuaeNyD;awmh jynfolUvTwfawmf txl;tpnf;ta0; ac:NyD;awmh ]]0denf;"r®uH

tpodkU
t"du½kPf;rIcif;rsm; ajz½Sif;a&;qkdif&m Oya'}} qkdNyD;awmh jy|mef;ay;cJhwm tm;vHk;todyJ? q&mawmfrsm;vJ

todyJ? vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;vJ todyJ? wpfEdkifiHvHk; todyJ/
'gaMumifh ,aeUq&mawmfbk&m;rsm; qHk;jzwfcsufonf tmPmpuf "r®puf yl;aygif;NyD;awmh
qHk;jzwfrJh qHk;jzwfcsuf jzpfjcif;aMumifh ,if;qHk;jzwfcsufudk apm'ursm;a&m pk'dwursm;a&m
ESpfbufpvHk;u vdkufemMuzdkU wm0ef½Sdygw,f? vkdufematmif aqmif½Gufay;zdkU wm0efvJ wynfhawmfwkdU
jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efBuD;XmerSm wm0ef½Sdygw,f? 'gaMumifhrdkU 'Dae&mrSm wynfhawmf tpu
avQmufxm;cJhovkd ESpfbufaom apm'uyk*¾dKvfESifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf q&mawmfrsm;\
tqHk;tjzwfudk vkdufemMu&rJhtwlwl wynfhawmfavQmufxm;cJhovdk trSm;trSef vmNyD;jiif;wJh oabmrsdK;
rxm;MubJESifh trSefw&m;udk ½SmazGwJhae&mrSm rdrdwdkUxuf oDv orm"d ynm trsm;BuD;ydkí BuD;us,f
jrifhjrwfwJh EkdifiHawmf A[kdoHCmh0efaqmiftzJGU0if q&mawmfBuD;rsm; yg0ifNyD;awmh qHk;jzwfrJh tqHk;tjzwfukd
at;at;aq;aq;eJU ausauseyfeyf vufcHEkdifvdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifhaMumif;eJU wynfhawmfwdkU
jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0efBuD;Xme\ oabmxm;u 'Dvdk½Sdygw,fqdkwJhtaMumif; ESpfbufaom
apm'uESifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm; odatmif avQmufxm;&jcif; jzpfygw,f/
t"duuawmh 'DrSmvmNyD;awmh tjiif;tcHkvkyfwJhoabmrsdK;r[kwfygbl;? trSefw&m;udk
½SmazGwJhae&mrSm oD;jcm; 0dedpä,tzJGUrS 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfBuD;rsm;u tqHk;tjzwfay;ygvdrfhr,f?
rdrdbufuvJ rdrd&JU t,ltqudk wifjywJh ae&mrSm rdrdudk,fwdkif yGifhyGifhvif;vif; 'Dvkd,lqygw,f? 'g
rSefovm;bk&m;? rSm;ovm; bk&m; - tppfaq;cHwJh oabmrsdK; xm;&efjzpfygw,f? 'Dbufu
apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;uvJ 'DvdkyJ wpfbufua[maewJh w&m;awG[m rSm;w,fvdkU wynfhawmfwdkU
,lqygw,f? tJ'g rSm;ovm; bk&m;? rSefovm;bk&m; - ponfjzifh trSefw&m;udk ½SmazGwJh
oabmrsdK;taeeJU tm;vHk; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\tqHk;tjzwfudk av;av;pm;pm;
vkdufemaqmif½GufMuzdkU arwåm&yfcH avQmufxm;,if; ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f bk&m;/
aeUpJG/ 30-6-81

tpodkU
jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpf or®w

jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGU
A[kdXmecsKyf ZrÁK'Dyausmif;aqmif
urÇmat;ukef;ajr? &efukefûrdU
aeUpJG? 1343-ckESpf? e,kefvjynfhausmf 9-&uf
(1981-ckESpf? ZGefv 26-&uf)
EkdifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGUu a½G;cs,fonfh EkdifiHawmf A[kdoHCmh0efaqmifq&mawmfrsm;om

yg0ifaom EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2) zJGUpnf;jcif; trdefU
(vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; tydk'f-57)
1/ EkdifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGUonf apm'u -
OD;pE´drm wdkufopfausmif;? 0efZif;&yf? rdw¬DvmûrdU? rEÅav;wkdif;/
OD;ynmoD[ &wemrmefatmifausmif;wdkuf? arûrdU? rEÅav;wkdif;/
OD;0dok'¨ avmurSefuif;ausmif;? rEÅav; taemufajrmufûrdUe,f? rEÅav;wkdif;/
OD;ynmomrd a&vnfausmif;wkduf? ompnfûrdU? rEÅav;wkdif;/
wkdUESifh pk'dwu -
OD;Z0e ae½Sife,fausmif;? awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU/
OD;qE´m"du ewfrSDawm&ausmif;? awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU/
OD;OaZÆmwdu uGif;ausmif;? a';'&JûrdU/
ocifjrwfqdkif trSwf(4) pdefcs,fvrf;? usdKuúpH&yfuGuf? a½T*Hkwkdifpmwkduf? A[ef;? &efukefûrdU/
OD;cif[ef trSwf(954) arcvmcef;r? 16^1-&yfuGuf? &wemvrf;? ouFef;uRef;/
OD;a½Tjynfh awmifukwfûrdU? &ckdifjynfe,f -
wdkU\ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'ESifh a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wdkUESifh ywfoufí "r®
t"r®tjzpf tjiif;yGm;rIudk 0denf;w&m;awmfESifhtnD ppfaq;qHk;jzwfay;&eftwGuf atmufazmfjyyg
EkdifiHawmf A[kdoHCmh0efaqmif q&mawmfBuD;rsm;om yg0ifaom EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2)
udk zJGUpnf;vkdufygonf/

tpodkU
trSwfpOf bJGUawmf odu©m ausmif;wdkuf

1/ b'ÉÅaCmodwmbd0Ho 53 aCmodwm&mrwdkuf? xm;0,f/
2/ b'ÉÅZ0embd0Ho 51 Z0embd0Hom½Hkausmif;wdkuf? êudUyifaumuf/
3/ b'ÉÅ"r®mbd0& 44 uHwGif;qkawmif;jynfhausmif;wdkuf? jynfûrdU/
4/ b'ÉÅukrm& 38 r[m0dokwm&mrwdkuf? rauG;/
5/ b'ÉÅÓedu 30 yaZÆmwm½Hkausmif;wdkuf? ajrmif;jr/
2/ txufyg EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2)wGif oifhavsmf&mwpfyg;udk

obmywdtjzpf wifajr§mufí usefq&mawmfrsm;u tzJGU0ifrsm;tjzpf aqmif½GufawmfrlMu&ef jzpfygonf/
(b'ÉÅa&0wmbd0Ho- t*¾r[my@dw)
'kwd,Ouú| q&mawmf
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGU
pmtrSwf? 208^1ôm-r[e
(1981-ckESpf? ZGefv 26-&uf)

tpodkU
jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpf or®w

jrefrmEdkifiHawmf trSwf(2)
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU\ &yfwnfcsuf
(1981-ckESpf? ZGefv 30-&uf? t*FgaeU)
ty&a*g,meausmif;aqmif oD;jcm; 0dedpä, ½Hk;awmf
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'ESifh a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wdkUudk "r®-t"r®

ppfaq; qHk;jzwf&ef Oya'ESifhtnDzJGUpnf;tyfaom jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpf or®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f tzJGU\ &yfwnfcsufudk atmufygtwkdif; xkwfjyefaMunmvkdufonf/
2/ 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf;rIcif;rsm; ajz½Sif;qHk;jzwfa&;qkdif&m Oya' tcef; 2? yk'fr(3)/
0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf; rIcif;rsm; ajz½Sif;qHk;jzwfa&;qkdif&m vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; tcef; 7? tydk'f 57
ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpk qkd&S,fvpf or®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGUu
zJGUay;cJhonfhtwkdif; ,ck trSwf(2) oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&ftzJGUonf vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'?
or®m'd|dokawoe0g'ESifh &ckdifjynfü ay:aygufaeaom a½Ttbd"r®m0g'rsm;udk pdppfqHk;jzwf&ef ,aeU
1343-ckESpf? e,kefvjynfhausmf 13-&uf? (30.6.81)aeUwGif þ oD;jcm; 0dedpä,½Hk;awmfudk zGifhvSpfvdkufNyD;
jzpfaMumif;/
3/ þ½Hk;awmfü trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGUonf bk&m;½SiftqHk;trawmftm;avsmfpGm
"r®0de,ESifhtnD ppfaq; qHk;jzwfMurnfjzpfygonf? apm'uç pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;onfvnf;
"r®0de,Oya'awmfudk tav;teuf OD;xdyf½Guf yefqifum apm'em? aom"emrIrsm;udk ûyMu&rnf/
4/ þae&mü ]]"r®0de,}} [lonfrSm oH*g,em 6-wef wiftyfNyD;aom
ax&0g'0de,yd#uESifhwuG yd#uwfoHk;oG,f edum,f 5-&yf[laom yg0peAk'¨pum;awmfrsm;udk
qdkvdkonf? ]]ax&0g'yd#u}} [laom pum;ukd tav;teufxm;í qkdonfum;
atmufygtaMumif;&yfrsm;aMumifh jzpfonf/
(u) wwd,oH*g,emrwifrD omoemouú&mZf 200-ywf0ef;usifumvrSpí omoemawmfü
rdpäm0g' tnpftaMu;rsm; ay:aygufvmcJh&m BuD;rm;aom o'¨g? owd? jrifhrm;aom vHkUv
Oóm[? xufjrufpl;&Saom ÓPfynmtajrmftjrif½SdawmfrlMuonfh qVbdn?
y#dorÇd'gywå? oHCydwk? oHCem,u oufawmf½Snf rax&fjrwfBuD;rsm;onf
tpodkU
omoemawmf\ ab;&eftEÅ&m,ftoG,foG,fudk ½Sifoefaom ÓPfrsufvHk;jzifh

½IMunfhawmfrlMuí tumtuG,fay;vsuf apmifha½SmufawmfrlMuNyD; wwd,oH*g,em
wifjcif;udpö qHk;onftxd ta&;awmfBuD; NyD;pD;atmifjrifatmif aqmif½Gufawmf
rlcJhMujcif;?
(c) ,if;okdU wwd,oH*g,emwifMu&mwGif tem*wfomoemudk tajrmftjrif BuD;pGmjzifh
½Iajrmfawmfrlí tnbmodw=tjcm;olrsm;tqkdukd Ak'¨bmodw=bk&m;a[m[k
ajymvdkolrsm;? Ak'¨bmodw= bk&m;a[mudk tnbmodw=bk&m;ra[m wjcm;ajym[k
vkyfvkdolrsm;udk rnfodkU ESdrfeif;acszsuf&rnf[lí enf;vrf;pepf wnf&pfavvdkaom
oabmtm;jzifh a½S;oH*g,em ESpfwefwGif ryg0ifcJhzl;ao;aom uxm0w¬K
trnf&Sdaomusrf;BuD;udk Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf &nfrSwfjyñTefawmfrlcJhonfhtwkdif;
wwd,oH*g,emwif oHCmwpfaxmif tnDtñGwfoabmwl wifawmfrlcJhí tbd"r®m
ckepfusrf;wGif pm&if;wifawmfrlcJhMujcif;?
(*) xdkrSwyg; yxrESifh 'kwd,oH*g,emESpf&yf\ aMumif;&mxkyÜwf jzpf&yftrSefrsm;udk
plV0*¾0de, ygVdawmfwGif yÍöowduo*Ðwdu©Eü? owåowduo*Ðwdu©Eü[k
pm&if;wifawmfrlcJhMujcif;?
(C) or,EÅ&tn0g'=t,lwyg; trSm;t,Gif;rsm;udk Ak'¨bmodwyg0pe= bk&m;a[m
a'oemawmfxJü a&maESmr0if vGefoefUpifatmif txl;owdaqmifawmfrlcJhMuojzifh
yg#vdykwfjynf taomum½Hkausmif; awmfBuD;wGif owdrEÅyn0EÅ odu©mumr
rax&fjrwfBuD;rsm;onf wdw¬dwdkuESifh a&maESmum OykofrûybJ (6)ESpfwkdifwkdif
aeawmfrlcJhMujcif;?
(i) ygVdawmfrsm; tjcHt&HtzGifhoH0PÖem t|uxm #Dumusrf;*efBuD;rsm;onf
½SifawmfAk'¨vufxufawmfrS píqif;oufvmaom t"dyÜm,f½Sif;vif;csuf
teufaumuf,lenf;rsm;jzpfaom aewåd ay#aumya'o? plVeda'ó? r[meda'ó paom
usrf;vm; enf;edó&nf;twdkif; jcm;ydkif;uefUowf csrSwf pD&ifcJhaom jzwfxHk;? rSwfxHk;?
tqHk;tjzwfrsm;udk rwdrfaum ryaysmuf&atmif ckdifvHkpGm rSwfwrf; wifawmfrlcJhMujcif;?
(p) ,if;okdU qkdNyD;cJhaom ygVd t|uxm #Dumusrf;BuD;rsm;udk xkdpOfu a'od,bmom
(t&yfoHk;a0g[m& jzpfaom) rm*"Dac: ygVdbmomjzifh oif,lcsydkUcJhaom
odómEkodó0gpemr*¾ tpDtpOftwdkif; oD[kdVfuRef;ESifh jrefrmjynfwkdUü pwkw¬? yÍörESifh
q|oH*g,em toD;toD; wifawmfrlcJhMujcif;/
tpodkU
þqdkcJhNyD;aom taMumif;rsm;aMumifh ax&0g'yd#u [lí 0daooe txl;rí qkd&jcif;jzpfayonf/

5/ ,if;okdU oH*g,em(6)wef wifawmfrlcJhMuaom Ak'¨bmodwyg0pe
yd#uwfawmfrsm;onfvnf; -
(u) "r®-t"r®? 0de,-t0de, tjiif;yGm;rIay:aygufvmaomtcg-
]]aw[meE´ bdu©L[d oaAÁa[0 ora*¾[d oEédywdwAÁH? oEédywdwGm "r®aewåð
orEkrZÆdwAÁm? "r®aewåð orEkrZÆdwGm ,xm ww¬ oarwd? wxm wH t"du&PH
0lyoarwAÁH}}
tmeE´? tmeE´m/ oaAÁa[0? tvHk;pHkomvQif jzpfukefaom/ aw[dbdu©L[d?
xdktjiif;yGm;rIwGif yg0ifMuaom &[ef;wdkUonf/ ora*¾[d? tpHktnD
wufa&mufMuukefonfjzpfí/ oEédywdwAÁH? pnf;a0;&rnf/ oEédywdwGm? pnf;a0;NyD;í/
"r®aewåð? oabmrSeftwdkif; aqmifwwfaom (pnf;urf;) wHrsOf;êud;udk/ orEkrZÆdwAÁm?
oHk;oyfqifjcif (owfrSwf) &rnf/ orEkrZÆdwGm? oHk;oyfNyD;í/ ww¬? xkdtjiif;yGm;rIü/
,xm? tMuifenf;jzifh NyD;Nidrf;aponf½Sdaomf/ oarwd? ESpfoufnDñGwf\/ wxm? xdkokdU
nDñGwfEdkifaom enf;jzifh/ wH t"du&PH? xkdt"du½kPf;rIcif;udk? 0lyoarwAÁH?
Nidrf;ap&rnf/
[lí rZÑdredum,f Oy&dyPÖmo omr*grokwf (35)ü vm&Sdonfhtwkdif; oHCmpHk nDñGwfpGmpnf;a0;í
"r®aewåd êud;ESifhn§dum "r®udk "r®[lívnf;aumif;? t"r®udk t"r®[lívnf;aumif;? 0de,udk 0de,
[lívnf;aumif;? t0de,udk t0de, [lívnf;aumif; xdrdaocsmjywfom;pGm qHk;jzwfEkdifaMumif;
aumif;jrwfaom wHrsOf;csnfozG,f jzpfjcif;/
(c) y#dywftusifhvrf;pOfESifhpyfvsOf;í vufawGU udk,fawGU ÓPfjzifhawGUatmif
udk,fwdkifusifh&ef twdtus tckdiftrm ñTefjyxm;aomaMumifh awm&rf;y,fzJGU
pOf;pm;ÓPfcsJU½HkrQjzifh jzpfap? wpfpHkwpf&mESifh nd§EdIif;,SOfwk okawoeûy½HkrQjzifhjzpfap
r&aumif; rodaumif;aom udk,fwdkifusifhoHk;rS udk,fwkdifodEdkifaom ypöwH
a0'dwAÁ*kPfawmf½Sdaom "r®jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm usrf;*efESifhtnD q&mpOfquf rysuf
vufqifhurf;í usifhjirf;xlcJhMuonfhtwkdif; jynfwGif;jynfy XmetoD;oD;wkdUü
usifhoHk;qwfqwf ½IrSwfyGm;rsm;Mu&mwGif vufawGUydkifydkif &½SdEkdifaom tusdK;zvrsm;udk
ckdifcdkifrmrm jyEkdifavmufatmif &½Sdapjcif; paom taMumif;rsm;aMumifh ax&0g'EdkifiH
toD;oD;u ,HkMunfvufcHxm;aom yd#ursm;jzpfMuayonf/

tpodkU
6/ ,if;odkU cdkifrmwdus tESpfom&½SdaomaMumifh ynm½SdrSeforQtav;*½kûytyfaom ygVd?

t|uxm? #Dum? tm*r? obm0,kwådwdkUjzifh yu©ygw (bufvkdufjcif;)r½Sd? bk&m;½Sifh
a½TrsufESmawmfudkom Munfhí ppfaq;qHk;jzwfMurnf jzpfonf? þokdU "r®0de,ESifhtnD
pdppfqHk;jzwf&mwGifvnf; -
tEkók,m,rmaem aom? or®'nm, bmowd?
okbmodwH tEkarma',s? OAÇa| emyom'a,/
Oyg&rÇH e odau©,s? cvdwÍö e *g[a,/
embd[a& embdra'´? e 0gpH y,kwH baP/
tmnmww¬H yom'w¬H? owH a0 a[mwd rEÅem?
{0H acg t&d,m raEÅEÅd? {om t&d,me rEÅem/
aom? xkd ajymqdkaqG;aEG; tqHk;tjzwfay;aomolonf/ tEkók,m,rmaem? rmerjyL rjiLplbJ/
or®'nm,? aumif;pGmodí/ bmowd? ajymqkd\/ okbmodwH? aumif;pGmajymqdktyfaom pum;udk/
tEkarma',s? 0rf;ajrmuf Munfom vufcH&m\/ OAÇa|? vJGrSm;íajymqdktyfonf ½Sdaomf/ e tyom'a,?
rNcdrf;ajcmuf rarmif;rJ&m/ Oyg&rÇH? xdyg;ykwfcwfjcif;udk/ e odau©,s? rusifh&m/ cvdwÍö? tqdkcRwfaom
pum;udkvnf;/ e *g[a,? r,l&m/ embd[a&? zdESdyfí raqmif&m/ e tbdra'´? rzdESdyf&m/ y,kwH? a'go
tmCmwESifh pyf,SOfaom/ 0gpH? pum;udk/ e baP? rqdk&m/ tmnmww¬H? od&jcif;tusdK;iSm/ yom'w¬H?
Munfvif&jcif;tusdK;iSm/ a0? pifppf/ a[mwd? jzpfukef\/ {0H? þodkUomvQif/ t&d,m?
olawmfaumif;wdkUonf/ raEÅEÅd? wkdifyifMuukef\/ {om? þqdktyfcJhNyD;aom tjcif;t&monf/ t&d,meH?
olawmfaumif;wdkU\/ rEÅem? wkdifyifESD;aESmjcif; rnf\/
þokdU t*kFwå&edum,f? wduedygwf? r[m0*f? uxm0w¬Kokwfü Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf
jyñTefoGefoifawmfrl onfhtwkdif; -
(u) rme a'go a½SUxm;í rajymqkdjcif;?
(c) teuft"dyÜm,f a&vnfpGmodí ajymqkdjcif;?
(*) pum;aumif;udk 0rf;ajrmufpGm vufcHjcif;?
(C) wpfbufu tajym½dkif;aomfvnf; rNcdrf;ajcmuf rarmif;rJjcif;?
(i) taMumif;rJh uJh&JU½Iwfcs rûyjcif;?
(p) owdvGwfí tqdkcRwfaom pum;udk ta&;r,ljcif;?
(q) wpfbufom;udk zdESdyfí rajymqkdjcif;?
(Z) rcHcsifatmif xduyg; &duyg; rajymqdkjcif;?
tpodkU
(ps) oabmrSefudk em;vnfatmif ajymjyjcif;?

(n) Munfvif½Tifvef;atmif ajymqdkjcif;?
þ txufyg 10-csufwkdUudkvdkufemíw&m;ojzifh pdppfqHk;jzwfMurnfjzpfaMumif; xyfavmif;í
aMunmtyfygaMumif;/
7/ ,ck ppfaq;pD&ifrnfh "r®? t"r® 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rIonf omoemawmfwpf&yfvHk;ESifh
oufqkdifonfh txl;ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpf&yfjzpfí ckdifjrJaompmjzifhom a&;om;í apm'em? aom"em
ûyMu&rnf? ½Hk;awmfu EIwfar;cGef;rsm; ar;aomtcgüom EIwfjzifh jyefvnf ajzMum;&rnf jzpfonf/
8/ txl;owday;vdkonfrSm oufqkdif&m pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdUonf þ½Hk;awmfokdU wifoGif;aom
qkdvTm? acsvTm wkdUudk jyifyokdU ysHUvGifhaygufMum;jzefUa0jcif;rsm; rûy&? qHk;jzwfpD&ifNyD;aomtcg trIjzpf&yf
tjcif;t&m tjzmjzmudk EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzJGUESifh omoema&;OD;pD;XmewkdUuom vdktyfovdk
pdppfí Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;odkU jzefUa0vdrfhrnf jzpfonf/
9/ þwm;jrpfcsufudk rvkdufembJ qkdvTm? acsvTm rdwåLrsm;udk jzpfap? toHoGif;êud;acGrsm;udk
jzpfap wdwfwqdwf jzefUa0vQif þ oD;jcm;0dedpä,½Hk;awmfudk raxrJhjrifûyjcif;? xkwfa0olrSwfyHkwifrJh
jzefUa0jcif; ponfwkdUaMumifh oufqkdif&m Oya'jzifh ta&;,lrcH&ap&ef arwåmjzifh êudwif
owday;tyfygonf/
1/ b'ÉÅaCmodwmbd0Ho? odu©m (54)

obmywd
aCmodwm&mrwdkuf? xm;0,fûrdU/
2/ b'ÉÅZ0embd0Ho? odu©m(52)? tzJGU0if
Z0embd0Hom½Hkausmif;wdkuf? êudUyifaumufûrdU/
3/ b'ÉÅ"r®mbd0&? odu©m(45)? tzJGU0if
uHwGif;qkawmif;jynfhausmif;wdkuf?
jynfûrdU/
4/ b'ÉÅukrm&mbd0Ho? odu©m(39)? tzJGU0if
r[m0dokwm&mrwdkuf? rauG;ûrdU/
5/ b'ÉÅÓedu? odu©m(35)? tzJGU0if
yaZÆmwm½Hkausmif;wdkuf? ajrmif;jrûrdU/

tpodkU

tydkif;(2)
2-1/ apm'em wifoGif;vTm ed'gef;
2-2/ apm'em wifoGif;vTm
2-3/ omrnapm'emwiftNyD; pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ½Hk;awmfrS ppfar;Ncif;
2-4/ 0daooapm'em wifoGif;vTm
2-5/ 0daooap'emtNyD; pk'dwursm;tm; ar;Ncif;
bk&m;tvdkawmfESifh qefUusifwmudk
a[majymaewmMum;&&if
bk&m;wynfhwdkif;[m
bk&m;bufuaezkdU ta&;BuD;w,f?
(r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;)

tpodkU
jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpf or®w jrefrmEkdifiHawmf

EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf (2)
vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,twGuf apm'emwifoGif;vTm
1343 -ck e,kefvjynfhausmf (13) &uf
(30.6.81)
ed'gef;
trSwf (2) EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU0if q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
1/ jynfaxmifpk qkd&S,fvpf or®w jrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif jynfaxmifpkol
jynfaxmifpkom;wkdif;onf rdrdwkdU êudufESpfouf&m bmomudk vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifh ½SdMuygonf?
rnfonfh bmomukdrQ rudk;uG,f vdkolwkdU onfvnf; bmomrJhtjzpf aexkdifcGifh ½SdMuygonf? odkU&mwGif
w&m;ojzifh ay;xm;aom ]]vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifh}} udk rawmfrw&m; tvGJoHk;pm; rvkyf&ef wm;jrpfcsuf
½Sdygonf bk&m;/
2/ bmomrJhwkdUonf vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifhudk tcGifhaumif;,lNyD; xkdxkd bmom
omoemwkdUudk apmfum;jcif;? ykwfcwfjcif;? jyuf&,fûyjcif;? zsufqD;jcif; ûyMuonf½Sdaomf vGwfvyfpGm
udk;uG,fcGifhudk tvGJoHk;pm; ûyvkyfjcif;[k wynfhawmfrsm; ,lqMuygonf? xkdenf;twl rdrdudk,fwkdif
udk;uG,fygonfqkdaom bmomomoem\ txGwfjrwfqHk; &wemrsm;jzpfMuaom bk&m; w&m; oHCmESifh
pmayy&d,wfwkdUudk xdkbmom0ifqkdolwkdUonf apmfum;jcif;? ykwfcwfjcif;? jyuf&,fûyjcif;? zsufqD;jcif;
ûyMuaomf vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifhudk tvGJoHk;pm; vkyfjcif;yif[k wynfhawmfrsm; ,lq Muygonf bk&m;/
q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwkdUbk&m;-
3/ vlaovljzpfOD;Ouú|onf Ak'¨bmom&[ef;toGif t&[wå"Z bk&m;ta&awmfouFef;udk
0wfqifxm;ol jzpfygvsuf 1958-ckESpfwGif Ak'¨0g'ESifh qefUusifaom ]]vlaovljzpf}} pmtkyfudk
a&;om;xkwfa0cJhygonf? xkd vlaovljzpf pmtkyfü bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfvm (31) bHkwkdUwGif rsufjrif
vlUbHkESifh wd&pämefbHk (2)bHkudkom vufcHNyD; usef (29) bHkwkdUukd y,fxm;ygonf? uHw&m;udk y,fMuaom
omoemy wdw¬dq&mBuD;rsm;uJhodkU ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH wkdUudkvnf; y,fxm;ygonf? Ak'¨bmom\
ppfrSefaom bk&m; w&m; oHCmwkdUudkvnf; &uf&ufpufpuf ykwfcwf apmfum;xm;ygonf? xkdUaMumifh
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'udk wpfEkdifiHvHk;½Sd ppfrSefaom Ak'¨bmom oHCmawmfrsm;u

tpodkU
uefUuGuf½IwfcscJhMuygonf? ppfrSefaom Ak'¨bmom0if 'g,um 'g,dumrrsm;uvnf; uefUuGuf

½IwfcscJhMuygonf bk&m;/
q&mawmfBuD;rsm; qHk;jzwfcsuf
q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwkdU bk&m;-
4/ EdkifiHawmf Mo0g'gp&d, q&mawmfBuD;rsm;? EdkifiHawmf 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfBuD;rsm;ESifh
ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfrsm; tzJGUcsKyfrS q&mawmfBuD;rsm;onf pnf;a0;awmfrlMuNyD; ]]vlaovljzpf}} pmtkyfESifh
ywfoufí qHk;jzwfcsufcsay;&ef (27)yg;aom q&mawmfBuD;rsm;tm; wm0efay;awmfrlcJhMuygonf? xdk
(27)yg;aom q&mawmfBuD;wkdUonf bk&m;a[m a'oemawmft& taotcsm aumufcsufcsawmfrlMuNyD;
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUukd -
(u) Oau©yeD,uH ûyxkdufonf?
(c) vl0wfvJay;vsuf omoemawmfrS ESifxkwfxkdufonf-
[k qHk;jzwfawmfrlcJhMuygonf/
5/ xdkqHk;jzwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfrsm;tzJGUcsKyf A[kdOD;pD;
tvkyftrIaqmif q&mawmfrsm;uvnf; wpfnDwpfñGwfwnf; oabmwlvufcHcJhMuygonf? rEÅav;ûrdU
EkdifiHawmf 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfBuD;rsm;uvnf; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUukd -
(u) Oau©yeD,uH ûyxdkufonf?
(c) yumoeD,uH ûyxdkufonf?
(*) vlrsm;uvnf; tyÜom'ya0'eD,uH ûyxdkufonf-
[k qHk;jzwfawmfrlcJhMuygonf bk&m;/
yumoeD,uH ûyjcif;
6/ txufyg qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;t& jrefrmEkdifiHawmf w0ef;vHk;rS *dkPf;aygif;pHk
q&mawmfBuD;rsm;onf 1325 -ck? 0gqkdvjynfhausmf (9) &uf (14.7.63) aeUwGif &efukefûrdU a½T*Hkwkdifvrf;
ajcmufxyfBuD; bk&m;BuD;ausmif;wkdufü tpnf;ta0;yGJ usif;yawmfrlMuNyD; ouFef;ta&ûcHvsuf omoemudk
zsufqD;aeMuaom vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUudk yumoeD,uH ûyawmfrlcJhMuygonf?
]]OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdU udk,fEIwfwkdUjzifh ajymqkd ûyvkyf a&;om;orQonf jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifhvnf; rqkdif?
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfESifhvnf; rqkdif? bk&m; wynfh oHCmawmfrsm;ESifhvnf; rqkdif? OD;Ouú|ESifh

tpodkU
OD;0go0wkdUonf olUoabmtwkdif; olxifjrif&m ûyvkyfjcif;rQom jzpfonf}} [k rSwf,lMu&ef

oHCor®Kwd&a0VK0efq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u 'g,um 'g,dumrwkdUtm; bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfESifh tnD
aMunmtoday;cJhygonf/
7/ xkdrS aemufü yumoeD,uH ûyyGJrsm;? yumoeD,uHudk axmufcHyGJrsm;udk
jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk; tESHUtjym;ü ûyvkyfcJhMuygonf? OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUtm; vl0wfvJapvsuf
omoemawmfrS ESifxkwfaom tvkyfudkrl tmPmpuf tultnD r&cJhojzifh rûyvkyfEkdifcJhMuygbk&m;/
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfESifh vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;
q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
8/ jrefrmEkdifiH Ak'ömoemawmf\ acgif;aqmifq&mawmfrsm;onf bk&m;w&m;awmfESifhtnD
yumoeD,uHûyum vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUudk qHk;rcJhMuygonf? Ak'ömoemawmfenf;t&
ta&;,lMuygonf? odkU&mwGif vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUonf &yfwef;ur&yfbJ ouFef;rsm;
0wfNrJ 0wfMuvsuf Ak'¨bmom ta&ûcHxm;MuaomaMumifh vGefpGm½dk;om;Muaom Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onf
¤if;wkdUudk Ak'¨bmom bkef;BuD;[kyif xifMuygonf? ¤if;wkdU a[mcsif&ma[maom w&m;wkdUudkvnf;
Ak'¨bmomw&m;[kyif xifMuygonf/
9/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| OD;0go0ESifh OD;Ouú|\ aemufvdkuf oHa,miform;wkdUonfum;
Ak'ömoemawmfudk zsufqD;Ekdifa&;twGuf tuGufaumif;udk tNrJacsmif;aeMuygonf? vlaovljzpfpmtkyf
xkwfa0NyD;aemuf rMumrDtcsdef (1963) üyif vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh (31) bHky,f0g'D ¤if;wkdU\
aemufvkdufwkdUonf ]]or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf}} [laom omoemzsuf tiftm;pkwpfckudk
xlaxmifcJhMuygonf? tzGJUwpfzGJU zGJUcJhMuygonf? vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|onf xkdtzGJUwGif Mo0g'gp&d,tjzpf
yg0ifygonf? vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| a[majymcsufrsm;udk vufcHMuolrsm; wynfhrsm;onf xkdtzJGUwGif
yg0ifMuygonf/ or®m'd|dokawoe tzJGUcsKyf\ tzJGUcJGrsm;udk jrefrmEdkifiH ae&mtESHUtjym;wGif
zGJUpnf;Muygonf/
10/ olwkdUonf or®m'd|dudk okawoeûyvkyfonf[k toHaumif;vTifh rsufESmzHk;pGyfNyD;
Ak'ömoemawmf ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif; tvkyfwkdUukd pepfwus tuGufcsNyD; enf;trsdK;rsdK;
yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;wkdUjzifh ususee vkyfcJhMu ygonf? vkyfyHkrsm;rSm þodkU jzpfygonf-

tpodkU
(u) oH*g,em 6-wef wifNyD;onfh ppfrSefaom ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifh

Ak'ömoemawmfudk rawmfrwef a0zef½Iwfcsa&;twGuf A[dktzGJUcsKyfrS wpfjynfvHk;½Sd
tzGJUcGJrsm;odkU tcgtm;avsmfpGm oGm;a&muf a[majymMuonf? oifwef;rsm; ydkUcsMuonf?
'l;wkduf aqG;aEG;Muonf/
(c) 0g'jzefUpmtkyf pm½Guf pmwrf;rsm;ESifh vpOfxkwf pmapmifrsm;udk tpdk;&Oya'ESifh
qefUusifNyD; xkwfa0Muonf? jzefUcsdMuonf/
(*) vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| tygt0ifjzpfaom acgif;aqmifrsm;\ a[majymcsuf
uufqufêud;acGrsm;udk wpfjynfvHk;½Sd tzGJUcGJrsm;odkU jzefUMuonf? ¤if;tjyif aw;o½kyfazmf
uufqufêud;acGrsm;? bkHurÇm bHk½Sif;wrf;uJhodkUaom jyZmwf Zmwfvrf;rsm; ay:vmatmif
vrf;jyay;Muonf/
(C) A[dktzGJUcsKyfü tqifhjrifhoifwef;tjzpf ax&0g'Ak'ömoemawmfqefUusifa&; pmwrf;rsm;
zwfMuonf? aqG;aEG;Muonf/
(i) tzGJUcGJrsm;uvnf; A[dktzGJUcsKyfrS a&muf½Sdvmaom vufodyfxkd; pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;?
vpOfxkwf pmapmifrsm;udk zwfMuonf? pkaygif; aqG;aEG;Muonf? Ak'ömoemawmfudk
apmfum;onfh t"r®w&m; wdwfacGrsm;udkvnf; emMum;Muonf? tcGifh&onfh
oDwif;ywfwdkif; þodkU vkyfMuonf/
(p) tzGJU0ifrsm; wkd;yGm;a&;twGuf enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh pnf;½Hk;Muonf? tzGJU0ifrsm; ½SmNyD;
aiGaMu; aumufcH Muonf? 0g'jzefUMuonf? 'l;wkduf aqG;aEG;Muonf? romtokb
vlrIa&;udpöüyif olwkdU\ t"r®0g' jyefUyGm;a&; tvkyfrsm;udk vkyfMuonf/
11/ þuJhodkU vltrsm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfvsuf½Sdaom Ak'¨"r®rsm;udk ajAmifusus
apmfum;aerIrsm;ESifh ywfoufí pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfMuaom Ak'¨bmom0if &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;u rcHr&yfEkdif
jzpfMuNyD; wkdifMum;pmrsm;udk EkdifiHawmfor®wBuD;xHodkUyif ydkUMuonf? omoema&;0efBuD;xHokdUvnf;
ydkUMuonf? EkdifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUodkUvnf; ay;ydkU wkdifMum;Muonf/
a½Ttbd"r®m
12/ or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUtcsKyfonf rnfolawGu rnfolUudkyif wkdifwkdif Ak'¨bmom
&[ef;½Sifvl trsm;udk *½krpdkufbJ t"r®0g'rsm;udk qufvufjzefUa0NrJ jzefUa0Muonf? trSefw&m;udk
½Smygonf[k qifajcay;NyD; ax&0g'Ak'ömoemawmf tm;enf;a&;udkom qufvufêud;pm;aeMuonf?
tuGufay:vQif ay:ovdk vIyf½Sm;aeMuonf? xkdUaMumifhyif ¤if;wkdUudk jrpfzsm;cHNyD; ]]a½Ttbd"r®m}} [lí
tpodkU
ay:vm&jcif; jzpfonf? trSefrSm ]]a½Ttbd"r®m}} [lonf &ckdifjynfe,f awmifukwfûrdU

or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcGJ\ vIyf½Sm;rI wpf&yfom jzpfonf/
13/ xkdtzGJUcGJonf tzGJU0iftcsif;csif; or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwkdU\ vkyfief;rsm;udk
aqG;aEG;MupOf Ak'ömoemzsuf pdwftm;xufoefvmMuonf? Ak'ömoemudk ½dkif;yspGm apmfum;aom
ar;cGef;rsm;udk olomigom ar;jyMuonf? xdkar;cGef;rsm;udk tzGJUcGJOuú|ESifh twGif;a&;rª;wkdUu
]]vlUtbd"r®m}} [k trnfwyfvsuf rSwfwrf;ûyxm;Muonf? xkd vlUtbd"r®mqkdaom rSwfwrf;udk
awmifukwfûrdUrS or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcGJOuú| OD;a½Tjynfhonf &efukefûrdU½Sd or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfodkU
udk,fwkdifvmydkUonf? tjrifrSefudk ½SmMuonfqkdaom or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfonf
tvGef0rf;omoGm;onf? Ak'¨bmomta&ûcHum Ak'ömoemawmfukd zsufqD;rI ûyaeMuaom rdrdwdkU\
vkyfief;BuD; rnfrQtpGrf;xufaeonfudkMunhfum vGefpGm tm;&Muonf/
14/ ar;cGef;½Sif awmifukwfûrdU or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcGJu ay;xm;aom ]]vlUtbd"r®m}}
[laom emrnfudkyif zsufvdkufNyD; ar;cGef;vTm vmydkUol OD;a½Tjynfhudk *kPfûyaomtm;jzifh ]]a½Ttbd"r®m}} [k
trnfajymif;vdkufMuonf? Ak'ömoemudk þodkU zsufMuvQif þodkUemrnfxGufatmif 'dkUu*kPfûyrnf[k
tvkyfjzifh jyvdkufMujcif;oabm jzpfonf/
15/ a½Ttbd"r®mü ar;cGef;aygif; (80) yg0ifonf? tm;vHk;avmufeD;yg; ar;cGef;rsm;onf
Ak'ömoemawmf udk apmfum;onfhar;cGef;rsm;? jyuf&,fûyonfh ar;cGef;rsm;om jzpfonf? Ak'¨bmomwkdU\
tpOftvm ,Ofaus;rIudk csdK;ESdrfNyD; wjcm;olwkdUukd csD;usL;onfh ar;cGef;rsdK;vnf; ygonf? þodkUtm;jzifh
]]a½Ttbd"r®m}} qkdaom vufurf; pmapmifay:um t"r®0g'vufopfwpfckxyfrH ay:vmjyefygonf bk&m;/

16/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g' [laom t"r®0g'
"r®tEÅ&m,f twGif;&efwkdUudk ydkifydkifEkdifEkdif rqHk;rEkdifvQif vlaumif;½Sifaumif;wkdU Ak'ömoemtrSefukd
qnf;uyfudk;uG,fEkdifa&; twGuf taESmifht,SuftqD;twm;BuD; ydkí BuD;rm;vmrnfrSm trSefjzpfygonf/

17/ Ak'ömoemawmf\ tEÅ&m,frSeforQudk wm;qD;umuG,f&efrSm Ak'¨bmom0if &[ef;½Sifvl
tm;vHk;\ wm0ef jzpfygonf? Ak'ömoemawmf\ twGif;&ef tjyif&ef tEÅ&m,fwkdUudk &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;u
xdxda&mufa&muf ydkifydkifEkdifEkdif umuG,fwm;qD;EkdifygrS Ak'ömoemawmfonf oefU½Sif;wnfwHh jyefUyGm;rnf
{uefjzpfygonf/

tpodkU
18/ odkUjzpfygí Ak'ömoemawmfESifh qefUusifaom t"r®0g'wkdUudk y,f½Sm;okwfoif&ef

tvdkUiSgvnf;aumif;? oH*g,emajcmufwefwif ax&0g' edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfusrf;rsm;ü vm½Sdaom
bk&m;a[m w&m;awmfrsm;ESifhtnD trSefw&m;udk ½SmazGEkdifMuap&ef tvdkUiSgvnf;aumif; þuJhodkU
&nfoef½dk;&if; ESvHk;oGif;½SdMuygaomaMumifh wynfhawmfrsm;onf þapm'emvTmudkwifoGif;Muygonf
bk&m;/
19/ þodkU apm'emwifoGif;&mwGif t"r®0g'ydkif;rS pk'dwu(=w&m;ûydif) jzpf&rnfh OD;Ouú|
OD;0go0 OD;udkudkav;wkdUonf aoqHk;ukefMu½SmygNyD/ olwkdUonf-
rdpä'd|dum? rdrdwkdUudk,fwkdifvnf; rdpämt,l ½Sdukefonf/ rdpäm'd|dur®orm'gem?
olwyg;wkdU tm;vnf; rdpäm'd|djzpfatmif vkyfay;Muonf/ (odkUjzpfí) um,ó ab'g y&H
r&Pm? aoNyD;aemuf/ tyg,H 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆEÅd? csrf;omuif;aom
raumif;aomvm;&mjzpfaom azmufjyef ysufpD;í us&mjzpfaom i&JodkU usa&mufMu&m\/
[laom 'dAÁpu©KÓPuxm bk&m;a[ma'oemawmft& rdrdwkdU ûyrSm;rdcJaom tukodkvfuHw&m;aMumifh
i&JokdU vm;aeNyD [k wGufqEdkifygonf bk&m;/
20/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,ck toufrao usef½Sdaeao;aom pk'dwu(=w&m;ûydif) rsm;onf
q&mrSm; olrsm;yDyD olwkdU\ q&mBuD;rsm; oGm;&mvrf;odkU rvdkufryg rusra&mufMuygapESifh?
tZmwowfESifh a'0'wfaomfrS tcsdefwef tjrifrSef&ao;onfudk axmufxm;í olwkdUvnf;
tjrifrSef&vmMuygap[k arwåm apwem xm;NyD; apm'emorI ûyygonf bk&m;/
,ck pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ,cifu jrifvnf; rjrifzl;? odvnf; rodzl;cJhMuyg? odkUjzpfí
yk*¾dKvfa&;ESifh vHk;0ywfoufjcif; r½SdbJ "r®a&;&mESifhomywfoufí apm'emjcif; jzpfygonfbk&m;/
21/ wpfck½SdonfrSmum; ,ckudpöBuD;onf Ak'ömoemawmf wpf&yfvHk;ESifh oufqkdifaom "r®
t"r® jyóemBuD; jzpfaeojzifh Ak'ömoemawmf\ rsufESmawmfudkom axmufxm;&ef½Sdonf wpfcsuf?
olwkdU\ apmfum;rIrsm;aMumifh pdwfESvHk;rcsrf;ajrhMuaom Ak'¨bmom&[ef;½Sifvljynfol
wpf&yfvHk;\udk,fpm; wynfhawmfrsm;u aqmif½Guf&onfjzpfí "r®0g'Drsm;&mqEúdkom vkduf&ygrnf
wpfcsuf þtcsufrsm;aMumifh olwkdUtm; iJhuGufNyD; avQmhavQmhayghaygh apm'emíum; rjzpfygbk&m;?
]]qkda&;½Sdu? qkdtyfvS\? qkdprsm;vsm;? xm;yacsrd? igh0ef½SdcJh}} qkdonfhtwkdif; wm0efausatmif
qkda&;½SdorQudkawmh qkd&rnf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
22/ ,if;odkU ajymqkdwifjy apm'em&mwGif ]]a&mif;ol 0,fol toHwl}} qkdbdouJhodkU olwkdU\
a0zefapmfum; ajympum;rsm;ESifh toHudkuf [efudkufatmif o½kyfoaumifay:atmif ajym&onfhae&mrsdK;ü

tpodkU
tu,fí bk&m;om;awmfrsm;\ yifudk,Ofaus;rItvdr®m tajccHESifhqefUusifNyD; olwdkUenf;

olwdkU[efuav;rsm; ygoGm;ygvQifvnf; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;u cGifhvTwfawmfrlygrnfhtaMumif;
êudwifavQmufxm; toem;cHtyfygonf bk&m;/
1/ OD;pE´drm yxrausmf? "r®mp&d,? "r®mp&d,ausmif;wkduf? rdw¬DvmûrdU/

2/ OD;ynmoD[ "r®mp&d,? ygVdyg&*l? &wemrm&fatmifausmif;wkduf? arûrdU/
3/ OD;0dok'¨ "r®mp&d,? 0dod| 'DCbmPu? avmurSefuif;ausmif;wkduf? rEÅav;ûrdU/
4/ OD;ynmomrd (rm*"D) "r®mp&d,? a&vnfausmif;wkduf? ompnfûrdU/

tpodkU

apm'em wifoGif;vTm
apm'em trSwf(1)
OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwkdUonf bmomrJh ½kyf0g'Drsm;jzpfaMumif; apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(2)
vlaovljzpf[lí pdwful;ayguf&m vdkufvHa[majym a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(3)
31-bHkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;u vufrcH[lí rSm;,Gif;pGma&;om;a[majymrIESifhywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(4)
Ak'¨bmomtajccHjzpfaom uH-uH\tusdK; ouf0if,HkMunfrIukd ysufpD;atmif enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh zsufqD;
aeMujcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(5)
twdwftem*wfb0wkdUukd vHk;vHk;ypfy,fNyD; Ak'¨0g'udk ypöKyÜef0g'jzpfav[ef trsdK;rsdK; vSnfhpm;vsuf
a&;om;a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(6)
Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwfav[ef taumufÓPf trsdK;rsdK;jzifh tvJxdk;aejcif;ESifh ywfoufí
apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(7)
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk xdyg;apvsuf Ak'®bmom ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif;
a[majyma&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(8)
Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\ orxvrf;pOfESifh 0dyóemvrf;pOfwkdUudk zsufqD;NyD; oHo&mrS xGufajrmuf&mvrf;udk
ydwfyif[efUwm; zsufqD;aeMujcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(9)
Ak'ömoemawmf\toufjzpfaom 0denf;usifh0wf w&m;awmfrsm;udk vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; ypfy,fNyD;
ouFef;0wfí omoemta&ûcHum rodem;rvnfolwkdYtm; vSnfhjzm;vdrfnmNyD; q&mwpfql vkyfcJhjcif;ESifh
ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(10)
0denf;w&m;awmfudk rypfy,fbJ bk&m;½Sif\ 0denf;odu©m yk'fawmfrsm;udk toufwrQ vdkufem usifhoHk;
aexdkifMuaom &[ef;aumif;? ½Sifaumif;? oHCmawmfwkdUtm; yufyufpufpuf pGyfpGJykwfcwf a&;om;jyD;
oHCmapmfum;rI ûyjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf

tpodkU

apm'em trSwf(11)
y&dwf[k ac:qkdaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk r½Gwfaumif;[k qkdNyD; y&dwf½GwfrIudk qefUusifí Ak'¨bmom
q&mpOfquf vkdufemusifhoHk;cJhaom vrf;pOfudk zsufqD;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(12)
Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdU txGwftjrwfxm;í qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&m jzpfaom "mwfawmf arGawmf
apwDykxdk; ½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;udk ylaZmforIûy&mü Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; o'¨gw&m; ysufjym;atmif
rawmfrw&m; apmfum;armfum; a&;om; ajyma[mjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(13)
bmomomoem\ wifhw,frIwpfck[k qkdxkdufaom Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rIESifh pyfvsOf;onfh
"avhxHk;pHrsm;udk tvdkqkd;jzifh tjrpfrS vSefí wl;ûzdzsufqD;aejcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(14)
Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\ ukokdvfa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfaom oDvcH,ljcif; qkay;qk,lûyjcif;? oydwfoGwfjcif;
paom bmoma&;qkdif&m trIudpörsm;udk tykdoufouf jzpfoa,mif a[majym a&;om; zsufqD;jcif;ESifh
ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(15)
Oyg'ge paom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfa0g[m& pum;vHk;rsm;\ teuft"dyÜm,frSefudk ypfy,fNyD;
udk,fxifovdk teuft"dyÜm,faumufvsuf a[majyma&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(16)
Ak'¨bmomavmuü txGwftjrwfxm;tyfaom ax&0g'yd#uwfvm t&d,mESifh edAÁmefudk pdwful;,Of
vlaovljzpft,ltqESifh udkufnDatmif jyifqifzGifhqkda&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(17)
or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifwkdU\ Mo0g'ay;q&mBuD; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumvufopfESifh
pyfvsOf;í apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(18)
twåaemrwd rdrdxif&majymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[mjzpfav[ef
vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(19)
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif 4-oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; jznfhqnf;cJhzl;aom yg&rDawmfrsm;udk vufrcH½HkrQru
Munfñdktm;uszG,f&maumif;aom Ak'¨\jzpfawmfpOf Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk raxrJhjrifûyí ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf
oa&mfapmfum; a&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf

tpodkU

apm'em trSwf(20)
ax&0g'vm oH*g,em 6-wefudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif a[majymaqG;aEG; a&;om;xdk;ESufvsuf
omoemzsufvkyf&yfrsm; vkyfudkifaeMurIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuf
apm'em trSwf(21)
oH*g,em 6-wefwifNyD; bk&m;a[mygVdawmftrSefrsm;udk vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh rudkufnDygu bk&m;a[m
r[kwf[lívnf;aumif;? [dE´LjAm[®P0g' [lívnf;aumif;? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; tjrifrSm;atmif vSnfhpm;
vdrfnmí 0g'jzefUjcif;ESihf ywfoufaom apm'emcsuf
Ak'ömoem
Ak'¨NrwfpGm udk,fwdkifomvQif enf;ay;ñTefNyawmfrlcJhonfNzpfí
t½Sifom&dykwåax&f udk,fawmfwdkif vufawGUwifNyawmfrlaom
o*Fg,emwifenf;twdkif; (6)Mudrfwdkifwdkif o*Fg,emwiftyfukefaom
yd#uwfoHk;yHkvm a'oemawmfwdkYudkomvQif
]]Ak'ömoem}} [kvufcHvsuf ,HkMunfqnf;uyfMu&rnf Nzpfonf/
(rpdk;&drfpmoifom; - t½Sif£E´mp&d,mbd0Ho)

tpodkU
jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEkdifiHawmf

EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf (2)
vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,twGuf
apm'emwifoGif;vTm
apm'em trSwf(1)
1/ OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwkdUonf bmomrJh ½kyf0g'Drsm;jzpfaMumif; apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwkdUonf wpfpHkwpfckaomtusdK;udk arQmfrSef;í
&[ef;ûyMu? Ak'¨0g'D trnfcHMuaomfvnf; Ak'¨0g'Drsm; r[kwfyg/ trSefrSm Ak'¨bmom ta&ûcHxm;aom
bmomrJh½kyf0g'D bmomqefUusifa&; orm;rsm;om jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/
2/ xkdokdU bmomrJh½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif;udk olwkdU\ atmufygtajymtqkd
ta&;tom;rsm;t& xif½Sm;vSygonf bk&m;/
'DaeU Ak'¨bmomqkdwJh vlpm;awGrSm bdef;eJU bdef;pm;vdk jzpfaeMuNyDukd;? bdef;qkdwm
rpm;cif wkef;uawmh tvum;[maygh/ rpGJygbl;? bdef;r½I rpm;&vdkU bmrQ rjzpfao;ygbl;? tJ
... bdef;uav; eJeJ0ifNyD; pGJvmNyDqkdawmh 'Dbdef;uvGJvdkU wjcm;bmrQ rvdkvJ rvdkcsifbl;? rMum;vJ
rMum;csifbl;? bdef;qkdwJh bdef;yJ pGJawmhwmyJ? om;r,m;awmif bdef;avmuf rrufawmhbl;?
[kwfuvm;- tckvJ 'kdUwawGrSm bdef;pGJ aewJh bdef;pm;awG bdef;jzwfckdif;ovdk jzpfaeNyD? [dk-
uGefjrLepfrsm;u bmom[m bdef;yJvdkUajymwm aoaocsmcsm awG;awmh 'Dae&mrSm wu,f
rSefwmudk; 'umBuD;&JU/
(twGJ-1? trSwf (8) opöm"r®a&;&mpmapmif ESm 8-wGif azmfjyaom OD;Ouú|a[maom "r®pMum
qkdonfrS)
3/ þpum;&yfrsm;jzifh OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvkdufwkdUonf bmomrJhrsm;jzpfMuonfrSm
xif½Sm;vSygonf bk&m;? olwkdUonf tjcm;bmomrJhrsm;enf;wl ½kyf0g'Drsm;vnf; jzpfMuaMumif;udk
qufvufí oufaocHom"u wifjy ygrnf bk&m;/
(u) trSefrSm ûyvkyfol (um&u)onf ½kyfwHk;½kyfcJ tppfrkcsjzpf\? odkUjzpfvQif cHpm;ol
(a0'u) aum bmoabmjzpf&rnfenf;? ¤if;vnf; ½kyfobm0yif {uEÅjzpf&ayrnf/
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm-56)

tpodkU
(c) ½kyfonf tajccHjzpfí a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwkdUonf ½kyfudk rSD&mwnf&m xm;í
jzpfay:vmaom tusdK;w&m;? (0g) tcdk;owåd? (0g) ½kyf\ t[kefrQom jzpfayonf/
(31 -bHk0g' Ak'´vufrcH pmtkyf- 202)
(*) wcsdKUu t½Sifbk&m;[m ½kyfudkom a[maew,f? pdwfuav;udk vkyftHk;rSaygheJU
ajymaew,f? usKyfwkdU 'umrBuD;awGu? aumif;ygNyD pdwfuav;udk vkyf&atmif?
b,frvJawmhvdkUom jyefar;vdkufMu&r,f/ y/ tvkyfvkyfqkdwm wu,f½SdwJh½kyfukd
aumif;atmif tvkyfvkyfMu&rSmyJ? pdwfudk aumif;atmif vkyfvdkU r&ygbl;/
(tdka,m*D oif b,fqDoGm;rvJ? pmrsufESm 80-81)
(C) emrfonf bmvJqkdOD;-þblw"mwfwkdU\ owåd½kyfyif jzpfaejyefonf? taMumif;rlum;
avESihf awaZm awGUvQif ]]tm;touf}} [lí jzpfaom owådonf ½kyfbm0\
yifudkvu©PmaMumifhyif jzpfonf? xkd0ga,mESifh awaZm wkdUonf rnfonfhj'yfpif
y&rmtPkjrLwGifrQ oD;jcm;uif;vGwfpGm r½Sd? y-tm-0g-aw wkdUrSm
tpOfwGJpyfaeaomaMumifh jzpfonf? odkUjzpf&m blwj'yfpif rlv y&rmtPkjrL
obm0txd tqifhqifh tuJcwfavhvmaomtcg þblw½kyfwkdUyif ½kyf[kvnf;aumif;?
emrf[kvnf;aumif; ponfjzifh jzpfaeaomaMumifh tm;vHk; ½kyfbm0 tajccHcsnf;
jzpfaeonfudk awGU&ayonf/ (ocifjrwfqkdif\ Ak'¨0dyóem? yxrwGJ 84-85)
(i) ½kyfemrfESpfckrSm wpfckESifhwpfck ruGJay? y&rwfyx0D y&rwftmayg y&rwf0ga,m
y&rwfawaZmwkdUrSm tNrJtwlwajy;wnDwnf; ½kyfvnf; emrf? emrfonfyif
½kyftjzpf'GefwGJum tpOftwl jzpfysufaeonfudk awGUjrifrSom csufcsif; jzpfonfudk
jzpfrSef;odonf/ (Ak'¨0dyóem yxrwGJ-113)
4/ þpum;&yfrsm;jzifh vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D
polwkdUonf jrwfAk'¨\ rSefuefpGma[mMum;xm;aom emrfw&m;rsdK;udk todtrSwfrûyMuyg? olwkdU\
½kyfMurf;0g'D q&mhq&mBuD;rsm;\ t,ltqaemufodkU aumufaumufygatmifvdkufum jrwfAk'¨tbd"r®m
omoemudk ausmckdif;aom olrsm;om jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/
5/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ yd#uwfawmfrsm;ü emrfw&m;ü awGa0oltwGuf ½kyfudk tusOf;? emrfudk
tus,fcsJUí a[mawmfrlaom a'oemrsm;? ½kyfü awGa0oltwGuf emrfudk tusOf;? ½kyfudk tus,fcsJUí
a[mawmfrlaom a'oemrsm;? ½kyfemrfESpfyg;pHkü awGa0oltwGuf ½kyfa&m emrfyg tus,fcsJUía[mxm;aom
a'oemrsm;[k pepfwus ½kyfemrf"r®wkdUudk wGJvsuf a[mxm;aom a'oemrsm;udk awGUjrif&ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
6/ aumufEkwfcsuf pum;&yfrsm;onf bk&m;a[ma'oemrsm;ESifh qefUusifNyD; bk&m;a[m

emrfw&m;udk y,f½Sm;í ½kyfudkyif emrfw&m;[k qkdxm;&um; yd#uwfawmfESifh qefUusifaom
t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfygaMumif;ESifh xkdOD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvkdufrsm;onfvnf; Ak'¨0g'Drsm; r[kwf?
½kyfMurf;0g'Drsm;tjzpf xif½Sm;ygaMumif;udk ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (2)

2/ vlaovljzpf[lí pdwful;ayguf&m vdkufvHa[majym a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg
bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-
1/ þapm'emcsufESifh ywfoufí awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|onf vlaovljzpf trnf½Sd pmtkyf
tp½Sdaom pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm; a&;om;xkwfa0jcif; oifwef;rsm;ay;jcif;? a[majympnf;½Hk;jcif; ponfjzifh
vkyfaqmifcJhygonf bk&m;? ,if; vkyfaqmifcsufESifh ywfoufí oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;udk
vufvSrf;rDorQ tenf;i,favQmufxm;cGifhûyygbk&m;/
(u) vlom;qkdwJh owå0g aoqHk;oGm;NyD;wJhaemuftcgü tu,fpifppf jzpfcGifhjzpfp&m
jzpfzkdUtvm;tvmrsm; ½SdcJhao;vQif vlrSwyg; tjcm;bmrQ jzpfp&mvnf; r½Sdacs/
(vlaovljzpf pmtkyf? 'kwd,tBudrf½dkuf? pmrsufESm-4)
(c) vuf½SdurÇmavmuwGif txGwftxdyfjzpfaom tEÅdrtajctaeodkU a&mufíaeaom
vlom;onfvnf; aemufodkUjyefqkwfí zkwfESifhNydwåm wapäESifh rSifpm i&JaumifESifh
wd&pämefowå0grsm; jzpf&ef taMumif; vHk;0r½Sdawmhacs/
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm-331)
(*) vlom;onf aoNyD;onfhaemuf qufvufí jzpfae&OD;rnfqkdvQif vlrSwyg; tjcm;aom
owå0gtjzpfodkU ra&mufEkdif/ (vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? 'kwd,tBudrf½dkuf? pmrsufESm-306)
2/ OD;Ouú|onf ol\vlaovljzpf0g'udk oHa,m*okwfü bk&m;yif a[mav[ef r[kwfrrSef
vkyfBuH pGyfpGJ xm;ygonf bk&m;? trSefrSm oHa,m*okwfü trowå0g trjyefjzpfyHk? tzkdowå0g
tzkdjyefjzpfyHk? tr owå0g trowå0gtjzpfrS ausmfvGefyHk? tzkdowå0g tzkdowå0gtjzpfrS ausmfvGefyHk
av;csufcGJí a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;? OD;Ouú|\ olvkd&mqGJí bk&m;tm; pGyfpGJxm;yHkudk qufvuf
em;qifawmfrlMuygbk&m;/
(C) b,favmufrsm; *GusvkdufovJqkdawmh usKyfvdk vlaovljzpfbkef;BuD; vmNyD; Oapä''d|d
vdkUrsm;awmif zdESdyfvkdufMuao;w,f? 'gvJ ,HkwJhvlu ,HkMurSmyJ? y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemBuD;
OD;xdyfxm;NyD; Oyg'gefrjywfwJh vlao&ifvlyJvdkUqkdwm usKyfucsnfh a[mwmr[kwfygbl;?
bk&m;½Sifudk,fwkdif oHa,m*okwfBuD;eJU zGifhNyD; a[mxm;wm txift½Sm;ygVdawmfrsm;rSm
yg½Sdw,f/
(11-4-73 armfvûrdifa[m? OD;Ouú| twGJ-1? trSwf-1? opöm"r®pmapmif ESm-12)
tpodkU

3/ OD;Ouú|onf ol\ vlaovljzpf0g'udk oabmusvufcHvQif aomwmyef
t&d,mrsm;&½Sdonfh *kPft&nftcsif;rsm;yif &av[ef vdrfnma&;om;vsuf tvG,fwul
aomwmyefbGJU,lvdkaom vltrsm;udk atmufygtwkdif; pnf;½Hk;jyefygonf bk&m;/
(i) vlom;onf vlaovQifvlomjzpf\[kqkdtyfaom obm0trSefudk oabmaygufonfESifh
wpfûydifeuf-
(1) 'd|"r®=rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\/
(2) ywå"r®=em;Mum;oabm jzpfavawmh\/
(3) 0d'dw"r®=ESmacgif;ESihf vQmawGUoabm jzpfavawmh\/
(4) y&da,m*gVS"r®=udk,fum,wpfckvHk; ysHUESHUí (0g) pdrfhxHkí tusdK;&aom
reawGU(0g) [',awGU oabmjzpfavawmh\/
(5) vlaovQif vljzpfjcif;omvQif ed,w jzpfonf/
(6) ,if;odkU NrJrSomvQif oarÁm"dy&m,ebufodkU wkd;wufí oGm;Ekdifonf-
[laom Ak'¨\ tmabm*ESifh udkufnDí qDavsmfrnf/
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? 'kwd,½dkuf? pmrsufESm- 47)
4/ vlaovljzpf pmtkyfudk pwifxkwfa0cJhaom OD;0go0uvnf; (17-4-76) aeUn
ajrmif;jrw&m;yGJwGif vHk;0rjzpfEkdifaom refusnf;yifu refusnf;yif aygufonf? wrm rjzpf [laom
Oyrmjyí olUq&m vlaovljzpf0g'udk atmufygtwkdif; axmufcHcJhygonf bk&m;/
(p) a[h ... vl[m bmrSjzpfp&m rvkdbl;? vl[m vlyJ jzpfp&m½Sdw,f? jzpfjcif;jzpf&if
refusnf;yif onf refusnf;yifyJ aygufw,f? wrm rjzpfbl;? ckvJ vlyHkpHukd bmyHkpHeJUrS
ajymif;vdkY r&bl;/ (ajrmif;jr w&m;yGJa[majymcsuf êud;acG bD-bufrS)

5/ OD;Ouú|\om0uBuD;ocifjrwfqkdifuvnf; vlaovljzpf jyóem pmrsufESm 162-163
rSm vlaovljzpf0g'udk ½kyf0g'ESihfwGJvsuf atmufygtwkdif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhjyefygonf bk&m;/
(q) 'DvdkuG? udk,fh½kyf udk,fhemrftay:rSm wu,fpGJwJh ½kyfemrf o@meft½Sdukd pGJwJh
twå0g'kyg'gef twkdif; vl[mvlyJ jzpfw,f? ukodkvftukodkvfudpöu oleJU rqkdifao;bl;?
'gayrJh um,uH 0pDuH raemuH pwJh udk,f EIwf ESvHk; raumif;vmwJh ½kyfysufu

tpodkU
jyefay:vmwJh blw½kyfqkdawmh ½kyfqkd; jzpfvmr,f qkdygawmhuGm? ajcwkdcsifwkdr,f?

vufrygcsifrygbl;? raemuH MuyfMuyfqkd;wJh ½kyfusawmh awmfawmftusnf;wefwJh ½kyfqkd;
½kyf0g;rsdK;ayghuGm? 'Dqkd;vmwJh ½kyfysufu jyefaygif;pyfwJh ½kyfopfrSef&if rsufaph&if
csdKU,Gif;r,f? yg;pyfNyJ rsufjyL;&if jzpfr,f? acgif;&if BuD;r,f? 'grSr[kwf udk,fwGif;u
tonf;wkdU ESvHk;wkdUyg nHhzsif;vm&if toufyg wkdr,f/
(vlaovljzpf jyóem? 162-163)
azmfjyyg pum;rsm;t& OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwkdUonf vlaovQif vlrSwpfyg; tjcm;jzpfp&m r½Sd?
vlomvQif jzpf&rnf [k qkdvsuf½SdaMumif; xif½Sm;pGm odjrifMu&ygonf/
6/ odkU&mwGif wynfhawmfrsm; yd#uwfusrf;pmudkavhvm&mwGif owå0gwkdUonf rdrdwkdU
ukodkvfuHtukodkvfuH tavsmuf *wdig;yg;wkdUwGifwpfyg;yg;odkU vm;a&mufEkdifaMumif; od½Sd&ygonf
bk&m;? ukodkvftusdK;ay;vQif vlb0 ewfb0 jzpf&NyD; tukodkvftusdK;ay;vQif i&Jwd&pämef Nydwåm
b0rsm;odkU usa&muf&rnfjzpfygonf bk&m;? w&m;a'oemawmft& vlaovQif vlaomfvnf;aumif;?
ewfaomf vnf;aumif;? i&Jowå0gaomf vnf;aumif;? wd&pämefaomfvnf;aumif;? Nydwåmaomfvnf;aumif;
jzpfEkdifygonf/
7/ þ ]]vlaovljzpf}} [laom tcsufukd olUt,l0g'\ r@dKifxm;NyD; 31-bHk y,fjcif;? 31-
bHkudk a[mxm;aom yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk y,fjcif; ponfjzifh 0g;vHk;½Snfjzifh qufvuf&rf;yHkrsm;udkvnf;
awGUMu&ygonf bk&m;/
8/ xkdUaMumifh vlaovQif vlomjzpf&rnf[laom OD;Ouú|\ t,lonf qkdcJhyg *wdig;yg;
w&m;a'oemESifh qefUusifaomaMumifh "r®0g'r[kwf? t"r®0g' ppfppfom jzpfygaMumif; a0zefppfaq;
tqHk;tjzwf ay;awmfrlMuyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (3)

3/ 31-bHkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;u vufrcH[lí rSm;,Gif;pGma&;om;a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí
apm'emcsufygbk&m;/
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvkdufwkdUonf olwkdU\ vlaovljzpf0g'udk cdkifNrJap&ef
vlUbHkrS wpfyg; tjcm;bHkwkdUukd rxm;vdkMuyg? odkUygí 31-bHkudk bk&m;a[mcJhygvsuf ra[mav[ef
vkyfBuHpGyfpGJrI trsdK;rsdK;udk ûyvkyfcJhMuygonf? olwdkU\ vkyfBuHpGJcsufrsm;rS oufaocH
taxmuftxm;rsm;udk tenf;i,f avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;/
(u) vlom;onf cE¨mysufa<u aoqHk;NyD;onf\aemufü i&Jaumif? wd&pämefaumif?
Nydwåmaumif? tol&um,faumifrsm;vnf; rjzpfEkdifwJhtjyif txufaumif;uif
a0[mwpfcGifrSm usifvnf usufpm; ajy;vTm;aeMuwJh ewfjA[®m ajymifajymifvufvuf
udk,fa&mifxGufaewJh owå0gawGvnf; rjzpfEkdifawmhNyD/
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm 7-rS)
(c) vufawGUjzpfaom vlESifhwd&pämefudk y"metajccHtjzpfjzifh rlwnfí xm;cJhMuukef\?
wd&pämefudk tajcûyí Nydwåm tol&um,fESifh i&Jowå0g[lí xyfrH cGJjcm;Mujyefavonf?
þoHk;rsdK;um; rsufawGUvufawGUr[kwfbJ (0g) pdwful;wkdUom jzpfMuukef\/
(vlaovljzpf? pmrsufESm-11)
(*) aumif;uifudk MunfhwJh rSefajymif;BuD;rsm;udk wDxGiftoHk;ûyvkdufonfESifh wpfûydifeuf
a½S;vlwkdU trSef,HkMunfcJhMuaom ewfjynf jA[®mhjynfqkdwJh aumif;uifbHkeef;awG[m
aea&mifawGaMumifh qD;ESif;aygufuJhodkU wpfckNyD; wpfck qufum qufum uG,faysmufí
oGm;Mu½SmavNyD/ (vlaovljzpf? pmrsufESm 99-100)
(C) ewf jA[®m odMum;wkdU[m rkcstm;jzifh pdwful;e,fy,ftwGif;üom touf0ifEkdifaom
owå0grsm; jzpfMuukefownf;/ (vlaovljzpf-155)
(i) uREkfyfwdkU\ aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;onf ae&mESifhtESHUvnf;aumif;? xyfrem;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;
usif;yvmaomtcg þtNrJwap cvkwfuefoif;yrm uefUvefUvkyfí vkdufygavh½Sdaom
þ 31-bHk jyóemudk ½Sif;vif;okwfoifypfí rjzpfawmhonfh tajctaeodkU a&muf½Sdí
vmygawmhonf? (31 -bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH -147)
(p) avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d-tpGJOyg'gef w&m;½SdolwdkUonf
avmu½Sdol[k pGJ,lMuí tpGJOyg'gefuif;pifolwdkUtwGuf avmujzpfaMumif;

tpodkU
r½Sdawmh[lonfh upöm,ea*gwårax&ftm; Ak'¨bk&m;ocifu a[majymñTefMum;csuf

twkdif;omqkdvQif þb0 xkdb0 aemifb0 tqufqufESifh wuGaom ewfjynf
jA[®mhjynf i&Jjynf tol&um,fjynfwkdUonf Oyg'geftawG;e,fxJ pdwful;,Of
e,fxJrSmom ½Sdacsonf/ (31 -bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH- 210)
(q) wefckd;jy#d[mwkdUudkvnf;aumif;? ewfqkd;ewf0g;ESifh ewfaumif;ewfjrwfwdkUudk
vnf;aumif; ewfjynf jA[®mhjynfESifh ,rrif;\tifyg,m EkdifiHawmfBuD;rsm;udk
vnf;aumif; ,HkMunfrIonf vlom;\ OD;aESmufudk azmufjyefacsmufcsm;apí
þuyÜgavmuBuD;udk t½l;axmiftjzpfodkU a&mufapcJhonf/
(tpGJûywf wJukwfa½Teef;awmf pmtkyf -54)
(Z) ewfjynfodkU a&mufa&;twGuf 'gersm;udk rvkyfygu i&Jrsm;ESifh êuHawGU&NyD;
epfemrI½Sdwwfovdk ewfjynf i&Jjynf[lí woD;wjcm; r½SdygbJESifh r½Sdonfhtvkyfudk
aiGukefaMu;us yifyef;cHNyD; vkyfaeyguvnf; opfajcmufyifudk a&avmif;onfhyrm
toufxufqHk; 'ku©ESifhom êuHawGUoGm; Ekdifonf/ (ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ -10)
2/ þodkUvQif awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwkdUonf 31-bHkonf wu,f r½Sd?
pdwful;,Of Oyg'geftpGJrQom jzpfonf[k qkdonfhtjyif bk&m;a[mr[kwfaom ]]avmuork',Íö tw¬d?
avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d}} [laom vufjzpfygVdrSm; vufjzpft"dyÜm,ft,ltqtrSm;wkdUudk
bk&m;a[mjzpfav[efyif vdrfnmí qkdxm;Muygonf bk&m;/
3/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm yd#uwfa'oemwkdUü xkdxdkaumif;raumif;uHwkdUaMumifh xkdxkdbkHü
jzpfMu&aMumif;udk rsm;pGm ñTefjyxm;ygonf bk&m;? tukodkvfuHaMumifh tyg,fav;bHk?
umrm0p&ukodkvfuHaMumifh umrok*wd 7-bHk? ½ly0gp&mukodkvfuHaMumifh ½ly 16-bHk?
t½lyg0p&ukodkvfuHaMumifh t½ly 4-bHkwkdUü jzpf&aMumif;udk ax&0g' yd#upmaywkdUü
rsm;pGmawGU&ygonf bk&m;/
4/ odkUygí 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH[laom pum;onf Ak'¨bk&m;udkvnf; apmfum;NyD;
yd#uwfa'oem ESifhvnf; qefUusifaomaMumifh t"r®0g'omjzpfaMumif; ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf
bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (4)

4/ Ak'¨bmomtajccHjzpfaom uH-uH\tusdK; ouf0if,HkMunfrIukd ysufpD;atmif enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh
zsufqD; aeMujcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D polwkdUonf 'd|d0dyv’mo
(t,lazmufjyef) wpfzufvGef? t0dZÆmAGuf uRHojzifh oE´d|dy&mrmoD (udk,fhtjrifudk trSefvkyfum
trSm;oHk;oyfol) tm'ge*¾g[D (,lrd,l&m pGJvrf;pGm ,lol) [laom Ak'¨bmom0if r[kwfolwkdU\ tajymrsdK;
t,lrsdK;ukd ,lq ajymqkdaeMuygonf? Ak'¨bmom0if[k trnfcHxm;Muygvsuf Ak'ömoemawmf\
tajccHrlvjzpfaom ur®óuwm or®m'd|dudkyif ykaAÁuw a[wk'd|dESifh a&maxG;um vGJrSm;pGmajymqkd
,lqMuygonf? olwkdUonf uHESifhuH\tusdK;udk y,fvdkufvQif vlaovljzpf 0g'ESifh tH0if*Gifusjzpfrnf[k
wGufqí uHESihf uH\tusdK;wkdUukd y,f½Sm;aom pum;wdkUudk ajymrSm; a&;rSm; Muygonf/
2/ OD;Ouú|onf ol\ vlaovljzpfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 14-ü ukodkvfuHESifh aumif;usdK;?
tukodkvfuHESifh raumif;usdK;wkdUudk pdwful;,Of[k atmufygtwkdif; pGyfpGJxm;ygonf bk&m;/
(u) aumif;rI aumif;wmudk aeruGmnrvyf w&pyf tm;xkwfí ûyvkyfêud;yrf;ol
vlom;twGuf te*¢tzkd;wef trsdK;rSef qkvmbfrsm;ESifh bHkeef;rsm;udk wcrf;wem;pDrHí
xm;cJhMuukef\? zefwD;í xm;cJhMuukef\? odkU&mwGif raumif;rI[k qkdtyfwJh 'kp½dkuf
t,kwfw&m;rsm;udk vdkufrSm;usL;vGefaom vlom;twGufvnf; pl;½Sxufjruf wu,f
tcH&cufonfh yufyufpufpuf tjypf'Pfrsm;udk tjyif;txef csrSwfí xm;cJhMuukef\?
&uf&ufpufpuf tjypf'Pf cwfcJhMuukef\? pifppfvdk&if;rSm pdwful;oufoufjzifh
vlom;\ pdwfukd jzm;a,mif; aoG;aqmifcJhMuukef\? ajcmufvSefUcJhMuukef\/
3/ OD;Ouú|\wynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqkdifuvnf; ol\ vlaovljzpfjyóem pmrsufESm (158-
159) ü atmufyg twkdif; q&mhoHa,mifvdkufí rSwfwrf;wifxm;avonf/
(c) ]]tEkdU 'Db0 aumif;pm;csrf;omaewmawG[m a½S;b0u y&Hy&b0gb0u ukodkvf
r[kwf&bl;aygh/
[ 'gu b,fa½S;a½S;u uHrSr[kwfbl;? tckb0 vdrfvnfaoG;pkyf
tjrwfxkwfvdkU&ifvnf; jzpf&r,f? udk,fEIwfESvHk; oHk;yg;vHk;u olUtajctaeeJU
tqifajyatmif aumif;atmif rSefatmif vkyfEkdifvkdU&ifvnf; jzpf&r,f? 'Dypöu©tvkyf&JU
aus;Zl;oufoufyJ? tckb0csrf;omwm [dka½S;a½S;u ukodkvfuH taMumif;vdkUrsm;

tpodkU
,Hkvdkuf&if tJh'gukd bk&m;u ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dvdkU qkdxm;w,f½Sdw,f?

bk&m;tvdkuawmht"r®wJh? w&m;r[kwfvdkUqkdwmyJ}}
(*) ]]ukodkvf tukodkvftusdK;w&m;[lonfum; taMumif;aMumifh tusdK; rjywfqufonf[k
ur®óuw vrf;pOf*dkPf;rS ,HkMunfaom w&m;jzpf\? xkdw&m;onf
jAm[®Pa0'a'oemrS jrpfzsm;cH pD;qif; vmaom w&m;jzpfav&m
oHo&mvnfaea&;udkomvQif tm;ay;aeaomw&m; jzpfonf}}
(Ak'¨0dyóempmtkyf yxrwGJ-146)
(C) Ak'¨\ rl&if;a'oemrsm;ü twdwfuHukd tpGJûyaom y&rÜ&umrm0p& ukodkvf
tukodkvfrsm;tm; pGJ,l vufcH ,HkMunf&efrygr½Sday/
(Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m;? pmrsufESm-57)
(i) t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef uH ocFg&[laom twdwfb0taMumif;uHaMumifh ,ck
ypöu©b0rSm 0dnmPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zó a0'em [laom tusdK;w&m;rsm;
vmíjzpf&onf ponfjzifh twdwfb0u taMumif;aMumifh ,ckb0wGif tusdK;w&m;rsm;
vmíjzpf&onf [laom t,ltqrsm;rSm twåvrf;pOf 0dnmOfpGJ trSm;w&m;rsm;om
jzpfonf/ (0drkwåd&o t&aumufusrf; 22-23)
4/ þpum;rsm;jzifh OD;Ouú|ESifh oHa,mifvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D polwkdUonf
ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwkdU\ aumif;usdK;qkd;jypfrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? emeu©Pduowåd½Sdaom
twdwfuHukdvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜefuHaMumifh tem*wf &rnfh tusdK;udkvnf;aumif; ypfy,fMuygonf
bk&m;/
5/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfü rsdK;aphtvdkuf toD;jzpfonfukd Oyrmxm;í
aumif;aomuHaMumifh aumif;aomtusdK;? raumif;aomuHaMumifh raumif;aomtusdK;
&onfukdvnf;aumif;? twdwfuHaMumifh ypöKyÜeftusdK; &yHkESifh ypöKyÜefuHaMumifh tem*wftusdK;
&yHkrsm;udkvnf;aumif; a0zefcGJjcm;í rsm;pGm a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
6/ odkUygí ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwkdU\ aumif;usdK;qkd;jypfrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? twdwfuH
ypöKyÜeftusdK; ypöKyÜefuH tem*wftusdK;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; y,f½Sm;aom pum;onf
yd#uwfa'oemawmfrsm;ESifh qefUusifaom t"r®0g'rsm;omjzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (5)

5/ twdwftem*wfb0wkdUukd vHk;vHk;ypfy,fNyD; Ak'¨0g'udk ypöKyÜef0g'jzpfav[ef trsdK;rsdK;
vSnfhpm;vsuf a&;om;a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwkdUbk&m;-
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ aemufa,mifcHrsm;onf twdwfb0udkvnf; vufrcH?
tem*wfb0 udkvnf; y,fvSef? ypöKyÜefwpfb0udkom rsufawGUvufawGUjzpfonfqkdNyD; vufcHMuygonf?
tem*wfb0 wpfydkif;wpfp vufcHMuolrsm;uvnf; vlaovQif vljzpfonf[laom abmiftwGif;üom
vufcHMuygonf? olwkdUonf tpp t&m&m ypöKyÜef wpfb0ukdom rlaoxm; pOf;pm;vufcHMuygonf?
olwkdUudk,fwkdifyif þtaMumif;udk xkwfazmf today;MuNyD; jzpfygonf/
(u) uyÜgvlom;\ wpfckwnf;aom (0g) ESpfckrjzpfEkdifaom t"dutvdkqEúm;
ykcufESifhacgif;tMum;½Sd ypöKyÜefwdwdjzpfaom ypöu©e,ftwGif;ü udk,fa&mpdwfyg
{uefcsrf;omrI &a&;yifjzpfonf/ (tewåa&mifjcnf pmrsufESm-186)
þpum;&yfonf ypöKyÜefudkom aumuf,lazmfjycsuf jzpfygonf? OD;Ouú|onf ]]twDwH
emEkaompmrd}} tp½Sdaom bk&m;a[m awrdZmwfawmfvmpum;udk tBudrfrsm;pGmudk;um;vsuf Ak'üdk
ypöKyÜeform;oufouf jzpfav[ef 0g'jzefUcJhygonf/
þuJhokdU OD;Ouú|\ Mo0g'udk vufqkyfvufudkif &½Sdxm;Muaom olwkdUukd,folwkdU
or®'d|dokawoDqkdolwkdUu þodkU qkdxm;Muygonf/
(c) or®m'd|dokawoDwkdUonf aumif;rI raumif;rI taMumif;tusdK;wkdUudk ypöKyÜefusus
vufcH,HkMunfonf/
(or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf t,l0g'a&;&mqkdif&m cH,lcsuf oabmxm; tykd'f -8)
2/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ aemufa,mifcHrsm;onf oAÁñkbk&m;½Sifudkvnf;
olwkdUvdkyif rsufaphwqHk;om MunfhEkdifonfh olvdkigvdk omrnvlpm; ypöKyÜefwpfb0orm; jzpfatmif
ZGwftwif;yif þodkU yHkoGif; aeMuygonf/
(*) Ak'önf-olonf ykcufESifh acgif;tMum; vufiif;'d| awGUêuHae&aom ypöKyÜefb0udkom
wdus jywfom;pGm azmfxkwfcJhojzifh ajymovdk vkyfí vkyfovdk ajymcJhaom
vufawGUorm;jzpfcJhonf/
(Ak'¨0g' tajccHoifwef;? oifwef;trSwfpOf (1) or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf-pmrsufESm -39)

tpodkU
(C) Ak'Á&JU vrf;ñTefcsufu/ y/ wrvGefudpöusawmh pOf;udk rpOf;pm;MueJUwJh? rif;wkdUeJY

bmrSrqkdifbl;? tJ'gawG oGm;pOf;pm;ae&if 'ku©yGm;pD;a&;rSwyg; bmtusdK;rS r½Sdygbl;wJh/
(opömAdrmeftwGJ (1) trSwf (6) ESm-25? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf)
3/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\aemufa,mifcH Ak'¨bmomta&ûcHwkdUonf
oAÁñkbk&m;½Sifudk ypöKyÜef wpfb0udkom vufcHoltjzpf vSnfhumywfum vdrfnmyHkazmfaeMujcif;rSm
twdwfb0taMumif;t&mrsdK;pHkudk tukefodawmfrlEkdifaom bk&m;½Sif\ ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPfawmf
tygt0ifjzpfaom ÓPfawmfrsdK;pHk? tem*wftaMumif;t&m odp&mrSeforQudk {uEÅodawmfrlEkdifaom
tem*wHoÓPfawmftygt0ifjzpfaom ÓPfawmfrsdK;pHk? pkaqmif;awmfrlcJhNyD;jzpfonfh yg&rDawmf
t[kefwkdUaMumifh tjynfhtpHk &½SdawmfrlNyD;aom ÓPfawmfBuD;rsm; jrwfbk&m;ü r½SdMuyg[k ajymEkdifatmif
êud;pm;aeMujcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
4/ þuJhodkU ÓPfeDÓPfeuf bufpHkpGufNyD; r[kwfr[yf vkyfZmwfcif;um oAÁñkbk&m;½Sif\
0g'udk ypöKyÜef 0g'oufouf jzpfav[ef tvdrfÓPfaESm a&;om;ajyma[maeMuaom vlaovljzpf
OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ aemufa,mifcHorm;wkdU\ 0g'onf "r®0g' r[kwf? t"r®0g'om jzpfaMumif;udk
bk&m;a[m yd#uwfawmfESifhtnD pdppfqHk;jzwfay;awmfrlMuyg&ef þapm'emvTmudk wynfhawmfrsm;
wifoGif;Muygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (6)

6/ Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwfav[ef taumufÓPf trsdK;rsdK;jzifh tvJxdk;aejcif;ESifh
ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;bk&m;-
1/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ pum;awmfrsm;jzpfaom yd#uoHk;yHkudk omoemESifh cJGjyvQif -
(1) okwåefyd#uonf owå0gwkdU\ tvdkpdwfêuduf p½kdufponf tm;avsmfpGm qkH;r&m
jzpfaomaMumifh ,xmEkavmr omoem rnfygonf/
(2) 0de,yd#uonf tjypftm;avsmfpGm qHk;r&mjzpfaomaMumifh ,xmy&m"omoem
rnfygonf/
(3) tbd"r®myd#uonf yk*¾dKvfowå0g rsufESmraxmuf [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm
qHk;r&mjzpfaomaMumifh ,xm"r®omoem rnfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-

2/ wDaumifonf qm;udk aMumufbdouJhokdUvnf;aumif; rsufcrf;pyfonf aeudk
aMumufouJhodkU vnf;aumif; r[kwfrrSef taumufÓPfjzifh ajymqkda&;om;Muaom OD;Ouú|ESifh
aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D polwkdUonf t[kwftrSefudk azmfjyonfh tbd"r®mudk
aMumufMuonfrSm obm0usygonf bk&m;? tbd"r®mudk vufcH,HkMunfvQif olwkdU\ vlaovljzpf
½kyfMurf;0g' jymuszkdUom½Sdygonf bk&m;/
3/ odkUygí olwkdUonf olwkdUq&mBuD;jzpfaom ]]*sif;eif;\ a0'efwpf Ak'¨pfZif}} (VEDANTIC
BUDDHISM by G. G Genning) toHokdU aemufa,mifcH vdkufNyD; tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[m r[kwfav[ef

vkyfBuH ajymqkdMuygonf bk&m;? olwkdU\ pum;rsm;udk om"u tjzpf xkwfjyavQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
(u) wpfenf;MunfhjyefvQif yxroH*g,emwifwGif "r®ESifh0de,udk tm*Hk½GwfqkdMuonf?
'kwd,? wwd, wdkUonfvnf; tvm;wlyif tm*Hk½GwfqdkMuonf? tbd"r®m
ryg0ifao;ay? pwkw¬oH*g,emwif\ aemufydkif;usrS tbd"r®m [lí
ay:vmjcif;jzpfonf/ (Ak'¨0g'tajccH oifwef;? pmrsufESm-70)
(c) oD[kdVfacwfapmapmydkif;uyif tbd"r®myd#urSm xif½Sm;NyD;jzpfonf? þodkUjzifh
ax&0g'DwkdU\ tbd"r®m pmaypkonf yd#uwpfqltjzpf pkpnf;wnfwHhaecsdefrSm
wwd,oH*g,emwifcsdef (bDpD-244) xuf aemufrusEdkifacs? odkUpifvsuf
&Sifr[mAk'äCmorax&fonf Ak'¨bk&m;ocif wm0wðomewfjynfü 0gwGif;oHk;vwkdif
tpodkU
a[mMum;cJhaom tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk (Ak'¨rwñl) bk&m;ÓPfaqmifí a&;om;onf[k

,HkMunfvufcHxm;Mujcif;rSm xm;olwkdU\ ouúm,tpJGrQom jzpf&acsrnf/
(Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef; ESm-78)
(*) tbd"r®ma'oemESifh ywfoufírl ed'gef;yk*¾dKvf0w¬Krsm;udk-
(1) ½SiftmeE´m\ 0efcHcsuf rygjcif;/
(2) £'¨d0d" wefckd;jytcef;rsm; OD;pm;ay;vmjcif;/
(3) 0drkwåd&ousdK; rygjcif;?
(4) ,aeU avmu"mwfodyÜHu em;vnf&ef cufcJaejcif;? (Oyrm-jrifhrkd&fawmif
½Smr&ao;jcif;) ponfwkdUaMumifh tvGefav;eufaomw&m;rsm; t,ltqrsm;
ygonfudk todtrSwfûy½HkrSwyg; Ak'¨bmodw[lí twnfûy&ef
qufvufavhvm&ef trsm;BuD; vdkaeao;onf/
(a';'&JûrdU uGif;ausmif;wkduf yÍöedum,okawoDtzGJUrS 1330-ck? ewfawmfvqef;15-
&uf aeUpGJjzifh xkwfjyefaom Ak'ömoemorkdif;?ESm-10)
(C) ,if; tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk Ak'¨bk&m;ocif wm0wðomewfjynfü a[monf[laom
tcsufrSm t|uxmq&m ½SifAk'äCmo\ xGifvHk;yHkjyifrQom jzpfaMumif;
xif½Sm;vSayonf/
(i) pifppf yd#uwfpmayrsm;udk pkpnf;jcif;? teufzGifhqkdjcif; (t|uxm) rsm;ESifh tbd"r®m
usrf;rsm;udk pkpnf;azmfxkwfay;jcif;tm;jzifh oD[dkVf ½SifAk'äCmoonf tvGefw&m
aus;Zl;BuD;rm;vSaom yk*¾dKvfBuD;um; rSefayonf? odkUaomf rdrd½SmazGpkpnf;ay;aom
tbd"r®mckepfusrf;\ MoZmxufjrufrItwGuf Ak'ä[m vkyfypfcJhjcif;rSm
½Sifr[mAk'äCmoonf Ak'ä*gwrtay:wGif opömazmuf&m usaeayonf/
(twGJ -3? trSwf -12? opöm"r®pmapmif? pmrsufESm -5? 6)
0denf;"kd&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-

4/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D polwkdUonf tbd"r®mudky,fí
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ oAÁñkwÓPftpGrf;jzifh a[mMum;tyfaom omoemawmfpufudk csdK;zsufaeMuaMumif;
xif½Sm;vSygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
5/ xkdxkd 0de,ygVdawmf okwåEÅygVdawmfrsm;tvdkü Ak'¨jrwfpGmvufxufuyif

tbd"r®m½SdaMumif; txift½Sm; jyqkdxm;aom pum;rsm;½Sdygonf? odkUygí wwd,oH*g,emaemufydkif;rS
tbd"r®m ay:av[ef a&;om;aom pum;rsm;onf t"r®uxmrsm;om jzpfaMumif;
wifjyavQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (7)

7/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk xdyg;apvsuf Ak'®bmom ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif;
a[majyma&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwkdUonf Ak'¨jrwfpGmü½Sdaom
oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk r,HkMunfMuyg? w&m;tm;vHk;udkodaom oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk
w&m;wpfpdwfwpfa'oudkomodaom ya'oÓPftjzpfodkU a&mufapMuygonf? olwkdUonf oAÁñkAk'üdk
omreftodÓPfxl;½Sdaom vlwpfa,mufxufydkí txifa&mufyHk ray:yg? om0uESifh Ak'üdk
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; uJGjym;atmif rjrifwwfMuyg/
2/ þtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí olwkdU\ pum;rsm;xJrS tenf;i,fudk oufaocHtjzpf
qufvuf avQmufxm; ygrnf bk&m;/
(u) t|uxmq&mwkdUonf Ak'¨\ *kPftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk csD;ajr§mufa&;om;&mü xkd
oAÁñkwÓPf &½Sdonfqkdaom wdw¬dq&mBuD;wkdUudk tnHhrcHvdkonfu wpfaMumif;?
Ak'üdk tjcm;t&d,m yk*¾dKvfwkdUESifh cGJjcm;xm;vkdaomaMumifh Ak'önf bmrqkd
tMum;tjriftod½Sdaom oAÁñkwÓPf &½Sdonf[k jyqkdMu[ef wl\/
(c) Ak'önf oAÁñkwÓPf &ygvsuf tb,fhaMumifh a'0'wf\ a½SUtjzpfudk êudwifrodjrif
ygoenf;? aemifwpfaeUwGif rdrd\toufudk &ef½SmrnfholwpfOD;tm; tb,fhaMumifh
&[ef;ûycGifh ay;ygoenf;/
(*) Ak'önf oAÁñkwÓPf&onf qkdygvsuf tb,fhaMumifh &[ef;wkdUtm; Ekwfy,foifhaom
ao;Ekyfaom odu©myk'frsm;udk Ekwfy,fMuavmh[k rdefUawmfrl&ygoenf;? Ak'üdk,fwkdif
ynwfawmfrlcJhonfh odu©myk'frsm;ü Ekwfy,foifhaom odu©myk'frsm; yg½SdEkdifygrnfavm/
(C) 0dZÆmoHk;yg;onf &[EÅmwkdif;&½Sdaom todÓPf jzpf\? þodkU qkdygrl Ak'ËSifh
&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfonf rnfodkU jcm;em;ygoenf;/
(i) Ak'¨\&½Sdtyfaom oAÁñkwÓPfonf 0dZÆmoHk;yg;wkdUudk <uif;usefr½Sd xdk;xGif;NyD;
odjrif&½SdcJhaom ÓPf jzpf\/
(u) (c) (*) (C) (i) ig;rsdK;vHk; trSefw&m; okawoetrSwf (1) pmapmif ESm-5-6-7-ü
tbd"r®mq&mpdefu a0zefa&;om;xm;ygonf/

tpodkU

3/ þpum;&yfrsm;jzifh oAÁñkwÓPfonf tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wkdUudk odonfr[kwf?
0dZÆmoHk;yg; w&m; wpfpdwfwpfa'oavmufom odonf[k qkd&ma&mufygonf bk&m;/
4/ xkdolwkdU\ pum;onf oAÁH tbdnmod? ,'w¬d ae,sH=odtyforQ w&m;tm;vHk;udk
tukeftpif odjrifonf/ (ck-7? 280/ ck-8? 178/ ck-9? 227)
uwrH wxm*wó oAÁñkwnmPH? oAÁH ocFwrocFwH te0aooH ZmemwDwd
oAÁñkwnmPH = ocFw tocFw w&m;tm;vHk;udk <uif;usefr½Sd tukefodaomaMumifh oAÁñkwÓPf
rnf\ tp½Sdaom y#dorÇd'gr*f ygVdawmf pmrsufESm-125 vm pum;rsm;ESifh qefUusifbuf jzpfaomaMumifh
"r®0g'r[kwf? t"r®0g' rsm;om jzpfaMumif; pdppfa0zefí tqHk;tjzwf ay;awmfrlMuyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (8)

8/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\ orxvrf;pOfESifh 0dyóemvrf;pOfwkdUudk zsufqD;NyD; oHo&mrS
xGufajrmuf&mvrf;udk ydwfyif[efUwm; zsufqD;aeMujcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ vlaovljzpf0g'D OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ¤if;\Mo0g'cH or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifhwuG
taygif;yg aemufvdkufrsm;onf Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\ orxvrf;pOfESifh 0dyóemvrf;pOfrsm;udk
ysufpD;atmif enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh zsufqD;vsuf ½SdaeMuygonf bk&m;? ,if;odkUzsufqD;&mü pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;
a&;om;xkwfa0í orx0dyóemudk ajymifavSmifysufacsmf oa&mfapmfum; a&;om;jcif;? a[majymyGJrsm;wGif
êuHvQifêuHovdk orx0dyóem tm;xkwfMuaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; uJh&JUjcif;? ¤if;wkdU\ tajccHoifwef;wGif
orx0dyóemvkyfief;udk Ak'¨0g'r[kwf[k twdtvif; ydkUcsjcif;rsm; ûyvkyfvsuf ½SdMuygonf bk&m;?
orx0dyóemvrf;pOfudk ysufvdkysufpD; zsufqD;aeMuaom ¤if;wkdU\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk t>rufrQ
wifjyygrnf bk&m;/
2/ Ak'¨vrf;pOf trnf½Sd pmtkyf pmrsufESm 65-wGif vlaovljzpfq&mBuD; OD;Ouú|u
a&;om;xm;onfrSm-
(u) ]]Ak'¨\ tppftrSefjzpfaom vrf;pOfum; Oyg'gefraESmifhbJ ajzmifhjzL;vS\? odkU&mwGif
oOyg'ge [dE´La,m*vrf;pOf vTrf;rkd;íaeaom Armhy#dywådomoem0ifüum;
a,m*Dyk*¾dKvftaygif;wkdUonf Ak'üdk,fwkdifxGif Ak'üdk,fwkdifavQmufí Ak'üdk,fwkdif
ajymifajrmufcJhaom Ak'¨\ tEkyg'gevrf;pOfudk ½Sdao;onf[líyif todtrSwfrûyEkdifcJh}}
[lí a&;om;xm;ygonf/
3/ 1340-ckESpf (1978-ckESpf)? 0gwGif;umvwGif or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf\
we*FaEGaeUwkdif; usif;ycJhaom Ak'¨0g'"r®a&;&moifwef; ydkUcscsufwGif orx0dyóemvkyfief;pOfrsm;rSm
Ak'¨0g'wGif ryg0ifaMumif;? twdtvif; oifwef;ay;½HkrQru Ak'¨0g'jyóemrsm;trnf½Sd pmtkyfpmrsufESm
(19-20) wGif atmufygtwkdif; bGif;bGif; ½Sif;½Sif; twifh&JpGm a&;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
(c) wduspGm qkd&aomf Ak'¨0g'wGif orxESifh 0dyóemvkyfief;pOfrsm; ryg0ifyg/
(*) odkUaomf orxESifh 0dyóemudk tvHk;pHk ûcHí ypfy,fjcif;rSm rjzpfEkdifyg? taMumif;rSmrl
,if; orxESifh 0dyóemrsm;onf Ak'¨bmomavmuwpfckvHk; t½dk;pGJí toJckdufvsuf
½SdMuaomaMumifh ,if;wkdUudk arhavsmhxm;jcif;iSm roifhyg/
[lí arm[onf;pGm a&;om;xm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
4/ ¤if;wkdU\ a&;om;csufrsm;onf Ak'¨\ orx0dyóemusifhpOfudk [dE´La,m*[k

t"r®ajymqkdjcif;? Ak'¨ udk,fwkdifa[majymcJhaom orx0dyóemusifhpOfrsm;udk Ak'¨0g'wGif ryg0if[k
ajymifajymifwif;wif; a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfí ygxu0*¾ygVd? rZößdryPÖmoygVd? Oy&dyPÖmoygVd?
t*Fkwå&edum,f tbdnmokwåygVd? tocFw oH,kwfygVdawmfrsm;ESifh qefUusifaeygonf bk&m;? odkUjzpfí
bk&m;a[ma'oemwGif wkduf½dkufvm½Sdonfudk rsufpd rSdwfí ]]Ak'¨0g'wGif orxESifh 0dyóemvkyfief;pOfrsm;
ryg0ifyg}} [k jiif;qkdaomaMumifh rdpäm"r® t"r®0g' jzpfaMumif;ESifh xkdodkUajymaom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJU0ifrsm;onfvnf; t"r®0g'Drsm;omjzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;í apm'emtyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (9)

9/ Ak'ömoemawmf\toufjzpfaom 0denf;usifh0wf w&m;awmfrsm;udk vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; ypfy,fNyD;
ouFef;0wfí omoemta&ûcHum rodem;rvnfolwkdUtm; vSnfhjzm;vdrfnmNyD; q&mwpfql vkyfcJhjcif;ESifh
ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ vlaovljzpf0g'udk zefwD;aom OD;Ouú|ESifh vlaovljzpfpmtkyfudk ½dkufESdyfxkwfa0aom
OD;0go0wkdUonf bk&m;omoemawmfwGif aexkdifí ouFef;0wfxm;Muygaomfvnf; ¤if;wkdUonf
rdrdwkdUudk,fwkdif 0denf;odu©myk'fudk rapmifhpnf;½HkrQru ¤if;wkdUESifh 0g'wl qE´wl yk*¾dKvfrsm;udkyg tazmfn§dí
0denf;w&m;udk Oayu©mûy vspfvsL½IapcJh Muygonf? t&dyfckdNyD; tcufcsdK;aom tvGefaMumufzG,f
aumif;aom tvZÆD 'kóDvBuD;rsm; jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/
2/ 0denf;usifh0wfudk tvsif;*½krpdkufaom OD;Ouú|\ a&;om;csufrsm;teufrS tenf;i,f
xkwfEkwfjy&ygvQif ]]Ak'¨rSwfausmuf}} trnf½Sdpmtkyf pmrsufESm 175-wGif-
(u) ]],aeU bdu©KoHCmvdkUqkdwJh *dkPf;aygif;pHkbkef;BuD;awG vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuwJh 0denf;udk
riJhn§mbJ avhvmoHk;oyfMunfhvdkuf&if Oyg'gefwpfvHk;wpfcJBuD; jzpf½Sdaewmudk
awGU&jyefw,f}}
[lí &uf&ufpufpuf tremy a&;om;xm;wmudk awGU&ygw,f bk&m;/
3/ þodkU a&;om;jcif;rsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ tmPma'oem jzpfaom 0denf;w&m;udk
Oyg'gefESifh udkifaygufjcif;oabmrSm aygavmBuD;ay:vsuf ½Sdygonf bk&m;? þa&;om;csufonf
Ak'ömoemawmf\ toufozG,fjzpfaom 0denf;w&m;udk y,f&ma&mufí t0de,0g'D jzpfaMumif;
avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
4/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh tNrD;pm;zuf acgif;pm;zuf jzpfaom OD;0go0 (vlaovljzpfudk
yxrtBudrf ½dkufESdyf xkwfa0ol) onfvnf; oludk,fwkdif 0denf;w&m;udk rusifhoHk;rvdkufem½HkrQru
Ak'ömoemawmfBuD;ESifh pyfqkdifaom 0denf;"r®uHpDrHyHkrsm;udk atmufygtwkdif; ajymifavSmifysufacsmf
oa&mfapmfum; ajymcJhygonf bk&m;/
OyorÜ'uHaqmifw,fqkdwm cifAsm;wkdUvJ jrifrSmayghAsm? Ak'¨bmomtkyfpk
&[ef;cHwJhtcgusawmh [dkxdyfu xkdifwm OyZöß,fq&m? 'Dbufu oHk;yg;u ur®0gpmq&m?
ab;u[mawGu t&HawG? 0rf;emwJhtcg 0rf;qGJwkdUbmwkdU awmufwD;awmufwJhawG tukefaygh?
cav;arG;rvdkU cav;arG;rvdkU-cav;arG;rvdkU?

tpodkU
vlzdkeJUvlrwdkU qufqHwJh cav;arG;wmu vlom;wkdU&JU vrf;pOftwkdif; arG;wm? 'D[mu

[dk [dE´LjAm[®P wkdUqDu tarGtESpf ,lvmNyD; [dE´LjAm[®Pvrf;pOfu-
(1) jA[®mbk&m;BuD;&JU yg;pyfu arG;wmonf jA[®mZmwf (tjrwfqHk;)
(2) jA[®mbk&m;BuD;&JU &ifywfu arG;wmonf cwåd,Zmwf?
(3) jA[®mbk&m;BuD;&JU Akdufu arG;wmonf 0óZmwf?
(4) jA[®mbk&m;BuD;&JU aygifu arG;wmonf ok'´Zmwf
5/ tJ'DZmwf4-rsdK;udk jyefvnfjyifqifa&; vkyfcsifwmeJU [dkxdyfuxkdifwJh
OyZößm,fq&mutaz? 'Dbufu ur®0gpm zwfwmu tar? rdb 2-yg;arG;vmwJh paeom;wifarmifqkdwJh
aumifav;udk jA[®mZmwfxJoGif;csifawmh [dk wifjyifacGBuD; xkdifw,f? rD;aeonf tjyifbuf
wat;at;aeNyD;awmh rdef;rvkyfwJhvlu (vufonfawG) ckacwfqkd&ifjzifh aq;½HkrSm oGm;NyD;awmh arG;wm?
'Dawmh rdb 2-yg; arG;rS om;qkdwm jzpfwm/
6/ 'DrSmvJ OyorÜ'uHaqmifawmh OyZößm,fq&mu tz? ur®0gpmq&mu trd? tJ'D 2-
a,mufpyfwJh NyD;awmh cyfMurf;Murf; (a&mYa&mYav; r&bl;) t[H baEÅ (xefvmw,f ... xefvmw,f)
Adkufemawmh ratmf&if r&bl;? tJ'DvdkeJU arG;xkwfvdkufwm? bmav; arG;vmovJ? paeom;av;
wifarmif[m aom bmao,s? 'kwd,rÜd aom bmao,s? wwd,rÜd aom bmao,s oHk;cgom
bmNyD;ao;vdkuf&w,f? bmrSrajymeJUawmh paeom; wifarmifav; awZudk jzpfua&m/
uaeU Ak'¨bmomu vlUvrf;pOfudk rysuf ysufatmif zsufypfw,f? rdb 2-yg;u arG;xm;rS
wifarmif awmfa&maygh? r[kwfao;bl; (awZvdkU rSnfhvdkuf&ao;) tvum;Zmwf t,kwf? t,kwf/-(y)
'Du [dE´L jA[®Ptwkckd;NyD; yg;pyfu arG;csvdkufvdkU 'Du bmrSrvkyf&bJeJY bmodu©mawGrS
rusifh&bJeJU aom bmao,s qkdwmeJU wpfûydifeufxJ [dk 227-oG,f odu©myk'fawG udk,frSmwnfNyD;
wpfcgxJ jA[®PZmwf jzpfoGm;wm/
(15-4-76 aeUn ajrmif;jrûrdU 6-vrf;? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if OD;ppfwifaetdrfwGif
a[mMum;aom OD;0go0 \ wdwfacG bD-buf rsufESmrS)

7/ txufygpum;rsm;udk a&;om;a[majymaeMuwJh OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdU[m
0wfaMumifvHkcsnfudk 0wfxm;MuwJholawG r[kwfygbk&m;? xrDwkdU qm&DwkdU *g0efwkdUudk

tpodkU
0wfxm;MuwJholawGr[kwfygbk&m;? bk&m;ta&awmf ouFef;udk 0wfxm;MuwJhvlawGyg bk&m;? olwkdUudk

rodem;rvnfwJholawGu ]]q&mawmftoQif}} vdkU vufcHaeMuwJh vlawGygbk&m;/
8/ OD;0go0ESifh OD;Ouú|wkdUonf e*dku &[ef;jzpfcJhw,fqkd&if 'Dpum;rsdK;awG rajymoifhyg
bk&m;? &[ef;b0 ESifh 'Dpum;rsdK;awGudk ajymjcif;tm;jzifh odu©musNyD; &[ef;r[kwfawmhyg bk&m;? Ak'¨H
ypöu©mrd? odu©H ypöu©mrd? bk&m;udk y,fyg\? odu©mudk y,fyg\ qkdvQif &[ef;odu©musNyD;
vljzpfygw,fbk&m;? olwkdU[m 'Dvdk 0denf;w&m;udk ypfy,faom pum;rsdK;awGudk ajymqkdjcif;tm;jzifh
omoemESifhrxdkufwefaom tvZÆ'kóDvrsm; jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm; ygonf bk&m;? olwkdUwpfpkonf
e*dkuwnf;u odu©m½Sdaom &[ef;aumif;rsdK; r[kwfEkdifygbk&m;? tpm;acsmifvdkU (or®m'd|dtzGJU0ifawGvdk
vlpm;rsdK;awGtay: q&mwpfql vkyf&vG,fatmifvdkU) ouFef;ta&ûcHNyD; 0denf;ykefuef pum; rsdK;awG
ajymaejcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
9/ ousykwå bk&m;om;awmfrSefvQif omoemawmfü aumif;aomtBuH aumif;aomtajym
aumif;aom tûytrlrsm;udk usifhoHk;Mu&ygonf bk&m;? ,ckrl OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdUonf
0denf;odu©mESifh ravsmfnDaom pum;rsdK;udk ajymqkda&;om;NyD; 0denf;udkypfy,faeMuí
t0de,0g'Dyk*¾dKvfrsm;om jzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
10/ OD;Ouú|\ tarGaoG;qdk;udk qufcHae&½Smaom or®m'd|dtzJGUom;rsm;uvnf; olwdkU\
q&mBuD;rsm;twdkif; 0denf;w&m;udk apmfum;ajymqdkMuygonf bk&m;? or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyfrS
xkwfa0aom Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef;? oifwef; trSwfpOf (1) oifwef;rSwfpkrsm; pmtkyfBuD; pmrsufESm 47-
wGif oifwef;om;rsm;tm; atmufygtwkdif; ydkUcsxm;ygonf bk&m;/
]]0denf;udk t"duxm;jcif;tm;jzifh bdu©KeDomoemudkqdwfokOf;apcJhonfrSm
yxroH*g,emyGJrS pwifcJhavonf}}
11/ þajymMum;csufrSm or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk êud;udkifjc,fvS,fNyD;
omoembmom zsufqD;a&;vkyfief;udk tNrJwap vkyfudkifaeaom twGif;a&;rª; OD;udkudkav;\
oifwef;ydkUcscsufyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwkdU bk&m;-

12/ þvlaovljzpf0g'D &[ef;qkd;½Sifqkd;rsm;ESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUuJhodkUaom
'kp½dkuftm;ay; tukodkvf aoaX;awG½SdorQ omoemawmfBuD;\tEÅ&m,frSm rao;vSyg bk&m;? ¤if;wdkU\
tûytrl tajymtqkd ta&;tom;rsm;onf "r®0de,\ qefUusifbufrsm;om jzpfaMumif; oHa0*jzpfzG,f
pdppfqHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (10)

10/ 0denf;w&m;awmfudk rypfy,fbJ bk&m;½Sif\ 0denf;odu©m yk'fawmfrsm;udk toufwrQ vdkufem
usifhoHk; aexdkifMuaom &[ef;aumif;? ½Sifaumif;? oHCmawmfwkdUtm; yufyufpufpuf pGyfpGJykwfcwf
a&;om;jyD; oHCmapmfum;rI ûyjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUom;rsm;\ Mo0g'gp&d,jzpfaom OD;Ouú|ESifh qE´wl
jzpfMuukefaom tvZÆDyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf omoemabmifrSmaevsuf ouFef;ta&ûcHxm;onfhtjyif bk&m;ocif
ynwfawmftwdkif; vdkufemusifhBuH aexkdifMuukefaom omoemh0efxrf; ½Sif&[ef;wkdUtm;
£ómtbdZößmBuD;rm;pGmjzifh tremy qJa&;wkdif;xGmrIudk tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGmajymqkd a&;om;cJhMuygonf
bk&m;? &mESifhcsDí qJa&;xm;aom tcsufrsm;xJrS tcsuftvuf tenf;i,fudk azmfjyygrnf bk&m;?
vlaovljzpfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 82-wGif-
(u) xdkacwfor,um; bmoma&;0efxrf; jzpfMuukefaom bkef;BuD; &[ef;rsm;onf a½T? aiG
paom vmbfvmbig;udk rQm;ol? zrf;olwkdU jzpfMuav&m "mwfawmf tHawmf qHawmf
awmifa0S;awmf ponfwdkUudk ig;pmtjzpfjzifh toHk;ûyMuukef\/
[lívnf;aumif;?
(c) ¤if;wkdUonf aumif;uifbHkeef;ESifh i&Jcef;wkdU\ aomhudkifrsm;jzpfMu&m [efaqmifvkyfief;ü
yxrwef; uRrf;usifolrsm; jzpfcJhMuonf r[kwfwHkavm? [efaqmifvkyfief;onf
olUb0\ ocFef;pmjzpfí taMumufESifh tarQmfudkqGay;rIonf olwkdU\
oufxdef;vkyfief;wpf&yf jzpfonf r[kwfwHkavm? tb,faMumifhenf;-vlom;\ pdwfü
taMumufESifh tarQmf aoG;at;í oGm;avav? olwkdU\ b0wnfNrJa&; ydkrkdvIyf½Sm;í
r[m;w&m;tajcodkU a&mufíoGm;wwfavav jzpfaom aMumifhwnf;/
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 64-65)
[lí vnf;aumif;?
(*) olwkdUonf rnfonfhrku©ygXfusrf;pmudkrQ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf zwfMum;oif,lí
pOf;pm;a0zefrIudk rûyvkyf&JMuacs? olwkdUonf Muufwla½G;rsm;uJhodkU oif,lcJhMuukef\?
usufrSwfíxm;aom pmwkd ayprsm;udk trSm;tenf;qHk;ESifh jyefvnf½Gwfqkd
a[majymEkdifMuaom yk*¾dKvfwkdUonf taumif;qHk; jzpfMuukef\/

tpodkU
olwkdUonf tESpf (2500) ausmfu "mwfjym;a[mif;BuD;rsm;udk ,ckwkdif zGifhvsuf ½SdMuukef

ao;\/ (vlaovljzpfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 311)
[lí vnf;aumif;?
(C) vdk&if;qkd&aomf olwkdUonf pm;a&; aomufa&; 0wfa&;twGuf ,kwåd,kwåm uif;rJhaom
t<um;trSm; ESifh wefckd;jym#d[mrsm;udk ajyma[mí aeMuukef\/
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf 'kwd,tBudrf½dkuf pmrsufESm-314)
[lí vnf;aumif;-
(i) olwkdUonf vufxyfr*Fvmtcrf;tem;rsm;üvnf;aumif;? tdrfopf&mopf wufaom
tcrf;tem;üvnf;aumif;? ½Sifûyem;or*Fvmrsm;üvnf;aumif; OD;aqmifrIudk
ay;Muukef\? t"dyÜm,f r½Sdaom pum;vHk;udk ½GwfqkdMuukef\? aooltwGuf
ocØsKif;ukef;odkU vdkufNyD;vQif wu,fjzpfysuf&ef tvm;tvm r½Sdaom tûrH*wdrsm;udk
ay;Muukef\? aoí oGm;avNyD;olrsm; wrvGefavmuü Munfvif½Tifys csrf;omokc
&a&;twGuf &nfrSef;í qGrf;oGwfMuukef\? yd@m auR;Muukef\? trQtwef;
a0Muapukef\? at;- olwkdUonf olwkdU\ oufxdef;vrf;udk xGif&müum; txl;tcRef
tvGef uRrf;usifawmfrlMuukef\/ (vlaovljzpfpmtkyf pmrsufESm-315)
[lí vnf;aumif;?
(p) vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ wynfhom0u t&if;acgufacgufBuD;jzpfaom ocifjrwfqkdif
qkdoluvnf; ]]Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m;}} trnf½Sd pmtkyf pmrsufESm 81-wGif
'getusdK;aus;Zl;? oDvtusdK;aus;Zl;qkdaom wrvGefw&m; umrmo0 b0go0awGESifh
qG,fum ajr§mufvdkuf? xdkxdk'geESifh oDvrS rygvQif aocgrSodvdrfhqkdaom 'd|mo0
t0dZÆmo0awGESifh ajcmufvdkuf-ponfjzifh trsdK;rsdK; tarSmifwkdufum tacsmifEIduf
acgif;yHkjzwfaeMuavNyD/
[lí vnf;aumif;?
(q) bmom0efaqmifrsm;url xkdodkUaom aumif;uifedrdwfrsm;u &nfñTef;aom ab;taygif;
&eftaygif; tEÅ&m,ftaygif;rS vHk;0uGif;uRwf uif;vGwfvkdaom vlom;onf
¤if;bmom0efxrf; yk*¾dKvfrsm;&JU tqHk;tr Mo0g'udk wdusjywfom;pGm
vkdufemusifhoHk;&rnf? ykwD;ukd êud;pm;í pdyf&rnf? bmoma&;qkdif&mwkdUü tvª'ge

tpodkU
ESpfqwkd;í vª'gef;&rnf [lí a[majymavh ½SdMuukef\/

(tpGJûywf wJukwfa½Teef;awmf trnf½Sd pmrsufESm-14)

2/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| ajymorQudkbk&m;a[mwrQ vufcHxm;Muukefaom or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJUom;rsm;uvnf; omoemawmfBuD;ESifh omoemh0efxrf;rsm;udk tuGuf&wkdif;
tjypfajymavh½SdMuygonfbk&m;? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS xkwfa0jzefUjzL;aom Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef;?
oifwef;trSwfpOf(1) pmrsufESm46-wGif ½Sifom&dykwå&mESifh ½SifOygvdwkdUvdk &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;udkyif
r[kwfrw&m;0d0g'jzifhatmufygtwkdif; pGyfpGJxm; ygonf bk&m;/
]]ordkif;ESifh pmaytaxmuftxm;rsm;wGif Ak'¨½Sif oufawmfxif½Sm; ½SdpOfuyif
½Sifom&dykwå&m\ "r®tajccH oabmxm;ESifh ½SifOygvd\ 0denf;tajccHoabmxm;rsm; &dyf&dyf
uGJjym;vsuf ½Sdonfrsm;udkvnf; arhavsmh ypfy,f xm;í rjzpfEkdifay}}

3/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvdkuf jzpfMuukefaom taygif;ygwkdU\
a&;om;ajyma[m 0g'jzefUoabmrsm;onf omoemh0efxrf; &[ef;rsm;udk qJa&;jcif;? omomemawmfBuD;\
toa&ukd npfñl;apjcif; trSefyifjzpfí Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;[kyif rqkdxkdufawmhbJ t0dZÆmarSmif
ydwfumaESmifonfh rdpämaumifrsm;[kom qkdxkduf ygawmhonf bk&m;/
4/ olwkdUonf txufyg pum;rsdK;udk ajymjcif;tm;jzifh Ak'¨bmom qefUusifa&;orm;
ppfppfwkdUom jzpfaMumif;? Ak'¨bmom ta,mifaqmifNyD; Ak'¨bmomudk twGif;uaeí zsufqD;aeolrsm;
jzpfaMumif;? Ak'¨bmom &[ef;oHCmrsm;\ onf;cHaerIudk tcGifhaumif;,lum ESdrfcsifwkdif; ESdrfaeol
t"r®0g'orm;rsm;om jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;vSygonf bk&m;/
5/ odkUjzpfygí ¤if;wkdU\ oHCmudk ykwfcwfa&;om;jcif;? rawmfrw&m; 0g'jzefUaejcif;
tm;vHk;udk t"r®0g'rsm;tjzpf ppfaMumoHk;oyfí tqHk;tjzwf ay;awmfrlyg&ef ½dkaopGm

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (11)

11/ y&dwf[k ac:qkdaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk r½Gwfaumif;[k qkdNyD; y&dwf½GwfrIudk qefUusifí
Ak'¨bmom q&mpOfquf vkdufemusifhoHk;cJhaom vrf;pOfudk zsufqD;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg
bk&m;/
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| OD;aqmifaom rdpäm0g'DwkdUonf bk&m;ocif\ rkcygXfawmf jzpfaom
y&dwfa'oemrsm;udk vufcH,HkMunfjcif; r½SdMuyg bk&m;? vufrcH r,HkMunfonfhtjyif y&dwfw&m;awmf
½Gwfzwfo&Zößm,faom yk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh y&dwfa'oemudk Mum;emMuaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udkyg tremy
ajymqkda&;om; ajyma[mcsufudk om"u tjzpf tenf;i,f wifjyvdkygonf bk&m;/
wdwfacGtrSwf 12? bD-buf rsufESmwGif-
ouFef;ta&ûcH OD;Ouú|u ]]y&dwfBuD; 12-okwfudk t&nf;BuD; vufusef}} [k twdtvif;
qkdxm;ygonf bk&m;? ]]ewfrSDü oDwif;oHk;aexkdifMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onf y&dwfr½GwfMuyg}} [k
ocifjrwfqkdifukd,fwkdifu 0efcHxm;ygonf bk&m;/
2/ vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm-143-wGif y&dwfaqmifyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh y&dwfemyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;
atmufyg twkdif; qJa&;wkdif;xGmrI ûyxm;onfukd awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
y&dwfcsnf? y&dwfyef;? y&dwfa&? y&dwfoJrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? &[EÅmwkdU\ "mwfawmf
arGawmfonf vnf;aumif;? ykwD;pdyfjcif;? qkawmif;yw¬emûyjcif;? udk;qlauR;jcif;?
rD;ylaZmfjcif;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? olawmfpifwkdU\ t0wfpESifh y&dabm* O'´dóapwDykxkd;
trsdK;rsdK;onfvnf;aumif; vlom;\ udk,fum,ü pGJrSDuyfa&mufvmaom a&m*gtemtrsdK;rsdK;udk
uif;pifyaysmufapEkdifaom wefckd;owådESifh jynfhpHkMuukefNyD[lí bkef;BuD;rsm;uvJ
a[majymcJhMuukef\/
,if;odkU a[majymwkdif;vJ rsm;pGmaomvlxku vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ toJckdufatmif
,HkMunfcJhavNyD? ,xmblw obm0usaom aMumif;usdK;ESpfoG,fwkdU\ rysufruG,fpaumif;aom
tquftoG,fwkdUtm; teufxnfBuD;ESifh zHk;tkyfxm;wJhtoGif tenf;tusOf;rQyif ray:vGif
rxif½Sm;Ekdif jzpfcJhav&m jzpfysufaom udpörSeforQudk wefckd; jym#d[mESifh vQdKU0Sufaom
tmEkabmfaMumifhom [lí rSwf½IcJhMuavNyD/
bmoma&;qkdif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;u ÓPfeDÓPfeuf tbufbufrSm oHk;oavmuf vlxku
pOf;pm;ÓPf xHkxdkif;NyD; ajymwkdif;,Hk? êuHwkdif;vkduf? EIdufwkdif;&aom vlt vl½dk;BuD;awG
jzpfcJh&avNyD/

tpodkU
3/ vlaovljzpf0g'D q&mBuD;rsm;ESifh taygif;ygwdkU\ a&;om;ajyma[mcsufrsm;onf

bk&m;ocifudk,fwkdif a[mawmfrlcJhaom &weokwf? cEökwf? arwåokwf paom y&dwfawmfrsm;udk
vufcH,HkMunfjcif; tvQif;r½SdaomaMumifh bk&m;udky,faom w&m;udky,faom tAk'¨0g'D t"r®0g'Drsm;om
jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (12)

12/ Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdU txGwftjrwfxm;í qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&m jzpfaom "mwfawmf
arGawmf apwDykxdk; ½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;udk ylaZmforIûy&mü Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; o'¨gw&m; ysufjym;atmif
rawmfrw&m; apmfum;armfum; a&;om; ajyma[mjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG aemufvdkufrsm; jzpfMuukefaom or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifhwuG
bmomykefuef vrf;pOfrrSefaom olwkdUonf bk&m;ykxdk; ½Sdckd;jcif;trIudk tykdtvkyf[k ,lqMuygonf
bk&m;? Ak'üdpö "r®udpö oHCudpöwkdUü vspfvsL½I Oayu©mûy½HkrQru tNrJwrf; qefUusifbuf
ûyrlaeMuygonf bk&m;/
2/ t&[wå"Z umom0 jzpfaom ouFef;udk vlom;wkdU\ xbDykqdk;ESifh pHcsdefxkd;í
t½SdefñdI;atmif ajymqkdygonf bk&m;? bk&m;ocif\ qHawmfudkvnf; jrif;NrD;ESifhEIdif;í ½dkif;jypGm
ajymqkdygonfbk&m;? bk&m;ocif\ "mwfawmf arGawmfrsm;udkvnf; bmoma&; trIdufo½dkufrsm;tjzpf
riJhruGuf &uf&ufpufpuf a&;om; Muygonf bk&m;/
3/ vlaovljzpf pmtkyf ('kwd,tBudrf½dkuf) pmrsufESm 81-wGif Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU
pdwfrcsrf;ajrhzG,f&m t,kwfwrm pum;wkdUjzifh atmufygtwkdif; ½dkif;½dkif;ysys a&;om;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
0wfxnfzsifcif;udk ouFef;[lí rcGJjcm;awmhbJ t0wf[lí wom;wnf; jrifMuavNyD?
olawmfaumif;wkdU&JU qHyifwnf;[laom tarG;onf jrif;NrD;xuf ydkí tema&m*gudk
aysmufapEkdifonf[laom Oyg'gefudkvnf; ,ckacwfü awmfvSefMuavNyD? ,cktcgü jrifhjrwfaom
"mwfawmf arGawmf ponfwkdUudk bmoma&; trIdufo½dkufrsm; jzpfonf[k uREkfyfwkdU
aocsmxifxif odjrifMuukefNyD/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½Sifoljrwfrsm; bk&m;-

4/ vlaovQif vlomjzpf&rnf [laom twå0g' oów'd|dt,ludk udkifpGJxm;aom
OD;Ouú|\ t,ltqudk axmufcHaomtm;jzifh Ak'¨0g' odyÜH OD;0go0uvnf; ]]a½Twd*Hk[m bk&m;
r[kwfbl;uG? trSefawmh ocsØKif;ukef;uG}} [k (16-4-76 aeUn ajrmif;jrûrdUw&m;yGJwGif) *g&0uif;rJhpGmjzifh
yufyufpufpuf ajyma[mygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
5/ þuJhodkU bk&m;&dyf w&m;&dyfESifh ausmif;&dyf uef&dyfukd ckdvIHNyD; bk&m;aus;Zl; w&m;aus;Zl;

oHCmhaus;Zl;rsm;udk raxmufxm;bJ tremy ajymqkda&;om;aecJhonfrSm rvdkvm;tyfaomudpörsdK;
jzpfygonfbk&m;? OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wkdU\ avmif;&dyfukd trdcHaeMuaom &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;udkvnf;
þoabmxm;qkd;rsdK; rudef;0yfatmif xdef;csKyfoifhygNyD bk&m;/
6/ "mwfawmf arGawmf apwDykxkd; ½kyfyGm;qif;wk udk;uG,fjcif;ESifh ywfoufaom
tusdK;w&m;rsm;udk jyqkdonfh yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm; txift½Sm; ½Sdaeonfudk olwkdU
rsufuG,fûyxm;Mujcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
7/ OD;Ouú|ESifh Ouú|0g'DwkdU\ oabmxm;qdk;rsm;onf Ak'ömoemawmfBuD;udkvnf;aumif;?
Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIudkvnf;aumif; tjrpfrusef wGef;vSefûzdzsufaom rdpäm0g'rsm;jzpfí omoemroefU½Sif;atmif
rwnfwHhatmif rjyefUyGm;atmif vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; jzpfygaomaMumifh "r®0de,ESifhtnD pdppfay;awmfrlyg
bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (13)

13/ bmomomoem\ wifhw,frIwpfck[k qkdxkdufaom Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rIESifh pyfvsOf;onfh
"avhxHk;pHrsm;udk tvdkqkd;jzifh tjrpfrS vSefí wl;ûzdzsufqD;aejcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emyg bk&m;/
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ Mo0g'udk cH,lxm;Muaom or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJU0ifrsm;onf
Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIESifh pyfvsOf;aom "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh ysufpD;atmif zsufqD;aeMuygonf
bk&m;? ¤if;wkdU\ omoemzsufvkyfief;udk pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; ½dkufESdyfjzefUjzL;í vnf;aumif;? toHoGif;
êud;acGrsm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? aqG;aEG;yGJ a[majymyGJrsm; ûyvkyfí vnf;aumif; a&;om;jcif;?
a[majymjcif;rsm; ûyvkyfvsuf ½SdaeMuygonf bk&m;/
2/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUom;rsm;\ q&mYq&mBuD; jzpfaom awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|\
vlaovljzpfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 127-wGif Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rIESifh ywfoufaom tûytrlrsm;udk
atmufygtwkdif; ajymifajymifwif;wif; ypfy,fxm;ygonf bk&m;/
qDrD;tckd;wkdif xGef;n§djcif;? ylaZmfjcif;? 'l;axmuf½dkusdK; ½Sdckd;jcif;? aMu;pnfacgif;avmif;
xkd;jcif;? "r® oDcsif; usL;&ifhjcif;? *kPfawmf ½Gwfzwfjcif;? Oykofapmifhjcif;? qkawmif;yw¬em
ûyjcif;jzifh csOf;uyf&aom ewfwkdU bk&m;wkdUudk uREkfyfwkdU ,HkMunf&ef rjzpfEkdifawmhacs/
3/ þpum;udk Munhfjcif;tm;jzifh OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\ MoZmcHrsm;jzpfMuaom
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;onf qDrD;ylaZmfjcif;? ½Sdckd;jcif;? *kPfawmf ½Gwfzwfo&Zößm,fjcif;?
Oykofapmifhjcif; paom bmoma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk ypfy,faMumif; twdtvif; 0efcHxm;onfrSm
xif½Sm;ygonf bk&m;/

4/ or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU\ aemufNrD;qGJjzpfaom &ckdifjynfe,f? awmifukwfûrdUrS
a½Ttbd"r®mtrnfcHaom vlwpfpkwkdUuvnf; tcsufaygif; (80) ar;cGef;xkwfí Ak'¨bmom omoemESifh
qefUusifaom 0g'rsm;udk jzefUa0cJhMuygonf bk&m;? tcsufaygif; (80) xJrS Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIESifh
qefUusifbuf ûyvkyfxm;aom tcsuf (4) csufudk wifjyygrnf bk&m;/
(u) Moumo Moumo[k vuftkyfcsDrkd; ½Sdckd;OD;cs toem;cHaeMujcif;rSm tjypf½Sdaeaom
vlokdufwkdUw&m;olBuD;a½SUarSmuf t,lcH0ifa&mufMurnf[kqkdu rSm;Ekdifrnfvm;/

tpodkU
(c) Ak'ü a½Tudk rudkif&[k qkdxm;ygvsuf bk&m;udk a½Tuyfjcif; yef;uyfjcif;

vkyfaeMuonfrSm Ak'¨0g'vm;? [dE´L jrefrmwkdU\ ewf0g'vm;? jAm[®Pbmomorkdif;udk
avhvm&ef rvdkbl;vm;/
(*) od'¨w¬jzpfaombk&m;rSm olckd;? "m;jy&efudk umuG,f&ef[k 'g&0rfwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
rxm;cJhygbJESifh a½Twd*HkwkdU r[mjrwfrkedwkdUwGif 'g&0rfxm;ae&jcif;rSm jAm[®P0g'vm;?
Ak'¨0g'vm;/
(C) twkr½Sdaom Ak'¨[k qkdxm;ygvsuf tkwfcJ ausmufcJrsm;udk twkvkyfNyD; ½Sdckd;OD;cs
qkawmif;aejcif;rSm Ak'¨0g'vm;/
5/ a½Ttbd"r®mvlwpfpk\ a&;om;a[majymrIonf Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIESifh oufqkdifaom
xHk;"avhrsm;udk ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum;xm;í rdpämoabm ouf0ifygonf bk&m;/
rdpämoabmouf0ifaomaMumifh ¤if;onf ]]a½Ttbd"r®m}} r[kwf? Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rI epfûryfp&m
EGHtkdifBuD;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/

vlaovljzpf0g'D or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwkdUonf Ak'¨bmom trnfcH,lxm;aomfvnf;
Ak'ömoem\ ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;udk ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif;udk tcGifhêuHwkdif; ûyrlzsufqD;
aeMuygonf bk&m;/
6/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS xkwfa0aom twGJ (1) trSwfpOf (9) opömpmapmifwGif
]]uREkfyfwkdU rBurf;yg? r&rf;yg}} trnfwyfí acgif;BuD;ydkif;rSaeNyD; Ak'¨bmom omoemawmfBuD;\ ysufpD;&m
ysufpD;aMumif;udk atmufygtwkdif; zsufqD;a&;om;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
þpmudk a&;csdefwGif yk*HapwDykxdk;rsm;udk jyifqifa&;twGuf tvªaiGaygif; 16-odef;ausmf
&aeNyD[k od&onf? þonfrSm 2-vausmfrQtwGif; &aomaiG jzpfonf? aemufrnfrQ&aeOD;rnf
rodEdkifao;ay/
tb,frnfaom vlrIa&;onfvnf;aumif;? EkdifiHa&;onfvnf;aumif; xkdrQtcsdefESifh
xkdrQaiGaMu; yrmPrsdK; &½SdEkdiftHhenf;? bmoma&;rSwpfyg; tjcm; rnfonfhudpöwGif þrQ
xnfh0ifvª'gef;MuthHenf;/
t&if;ppfvQif ArmEkdifiHonf (80) &mEIef;rQaom vlOD;a&onf Ak'¨bmom0ifawGom
jzpfonf? xkduJhodkUaom vlrsdK;udk (EkdifiHa&;onf EkdifiHa&;? bmoma&;onf bmoma&;?

tpodkU
oD;jcm;u@pD jzpfonf? ra&m,Sufxkduf) [k qkdolrsm;tzkdU pOf;pm;p&m jzpfonf? ,ckum;

,if;odkU ajymolrsm;udk,fwkdifu yg0if ae&onfudk awGU&onf? csdK;uyfaeaom
tawG;tac:[lonf ajymif;vJ&ef cJ,Of;ygbdawmif;/
7/ yk*Hivsifab;aMumifh ESpfaygif;&maxmifcsDNyD; wnfwHhxGef;um;cJhaom apwDykxkd;rsm;
ûydysufí (Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rI) jrefrmhtarGtESpfrsm; qHk;½IH;jcif;udk umuG,f&ef rulnD rvª'gef;onfhtjyif
vª'gef;olrsm;udk uJh&JUjypfwifjcif;rSm or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwkdU\ tvGef,kwfnhHaom
pdwfoabmxm;udk ay:vGifapygonf bk&m;? urÇmYEkdifiHtoD;oD;uyif ulnDaeygvsuf ArmjynfrSmaeNyD;
Arma&udkaomuf? Armavudk½I? Armajrudk eif;vsuf Ak'¨bmomtrnfcH or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;u
rulcsif rvªcsif½HkrQru t,kwfwrm tremy ajymqkda&;om; jcif;rSm tvGefoabmxm;,kwfnHhaMumif;
xif½Sm;vSygonf bk&m;/

8/ or®m'd|dtzGJU0ifwkdUonf ,ckuhJodkU bmoma&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í ,kwfnHhaom
pdwfoabmxm;rsm; udef;atmif;&jcif;rSm ¤if;wkdU\ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ pdwf"mwfrsm;
ul;pufaomaMumifh jzpfygonf bk&m;/
9/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS xkwfa0aom twGJ (1) trSwf (5) opöm"r®a&;&mpmapmifwGif
(ESm-6) wGif Ak'¨bmom omoemawmfBuD;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfudk OD;Ouú|u atmufygtwkdif; wl;ûzd
zsufqD;cJhygonf bk&m;/
]]tck Munfhav rlvwef;ausmif;u 6-ESpf? 7-ESpf t½G,f vlrr,f uav;i,fupNyD;
bk&m;½Sdckd;udk usufrSwfMu? csay;MueJU vkyfaeMuawmh tJ'DrSm bmu povJ? Moumo
bk&m;½Sdckd;u pNyD; bmoma&;buf qGJoGif;Mu&w,fqkdawmh Ak'¨0g' Ak'ömoemqkdwm
bmrSef;rSrodao;wJh uav;awGukd ]a[m'g Ak'¨bmomyJa[h} vdkU pGJoGm;atmif vkyfvkdufovdk
jzpfukefw,f}}
10/ OD;Ouú|onf tjcm;bmom0ifwkdU\ uav;i,frsm;ukd i,fpOfuwnf;u
olwkdUbmoma&; oifay; odrf;oGif;rIudk bmrQ ra0zef&J? uGefjrLepfEkdifiHwkdUü uav;oli,frsm;tm;

tpodkU
uGefjrLepf0g' oGwfoGif;ay;jcif;udk wpfpHkwpf&mrajymbJ qdwfqdwfaeí axmufcHayonf? Ak'¨bmom

uav;rsm;usrS i,fi,fwnf;u Ak'¨bmom oifay;&aumif;vm;[k Ncdrf;rJaigufirf;jcif; ûyavonf?
onf;cHrIBuD;vSaom Ak'¨bmom&[ef;½Sifvl jynfolvlxk tay:udkrS ESdrfcsifwkdif;ESdrfí oGm;Ekdifaom
wu,fhtmZmenfBuD;ygaywum;/
0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
11/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\0g'rIdif;udk trdcHae&aom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJUom;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;? or®m'd|dtzGJU\ avmif;&dyfrdí tqdyfoifhjcif;udkcHae&½Smaom
&[ef;½SifvlwkdUonfvnf;aumif; Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIESifh Ak'ömoemawmfBuD;udk enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh ysufpD;atmif
zsufqD;aeygí ¤if;wkdU\ ta&;tom; tajymtqkd tûytrlrsm;onf w&m;rzuf
trSm;oufoufomjzpfaMumif; pdppfqHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (14)

14/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\ ukokdvfa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfaom oDvcH,ljcif; qkay;qk,lûyjcif;?
oydwfoGwfjcif; paom bmoma&;qkdif&m trIudpörsm;udk tykdoufouf jzpfoa,mif a[majym a&;om;
zsufqD;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emyg bk&m;/
1/ Ak'¨0g'Dtjzpfudk ajymqkd&rSm 0efav;aeMuukefaom Ouú|0g'D or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifhwuG taygif;yg aemufvdkufwpfpkwkdUonf oDvcH,ljcif; qkay;qk,l ûyvkyfjcif;
paom ukodkvfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk rûyvkyfMuonfhtjyif xkdvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifMuaom
&[ef;½Sifvlrsm;udkyif trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk tremy ajymqkd a&;om; ajyma[mí aeMuygonf bk&m;? olwkdUonf
Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;\ ukodkvfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk tjrpfrSvSefí EkwfypfaeMuygonf bk&m;? ¤if;wdkU\
rdpäm&ifwGif;rS yGifhtHvmaom £ómvIdif;wHykd;rsm;udk tenf;i,f wifjyvdkygonf bk&m;/
2/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS xkwfjyefaMujimxm;aom t,l0g'a&;qkdif&m oabmxm;
12-csufwGif eHygwf 11-ü -
]]qkawmif; qkay;oufoufjzifh rnfonfh tmedoHorQ tusdK;w&m; xif½Sm;Ekdifvdrfhrnf[k
r,HkMunf}}
[lí twdtvif; olwkdU 0efcHxm;Muygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨bmom usrf;*efrsm;wGif qkawmif;qkay;
ûyvkyfjcif;aMumifh &½Sdaom tmedoHo tusdK;w&m;rsm;udk xif½Sm;awGUEkdifygvsuf ZGwfrSdwfNyD;
rsufuG,fûyaejcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
3/ or®m'd|dtkyfpk0if vlom;rsm;omru awmifwGif;BuD;ewfrSDü aexkdifMuaom Ouú|0g'D
&[ef;awmfrsm; udk,fwkdifvnf; ]]qkawmif; qkay;jcif; rvkyfMuyg}} [k ocifjrwfqkdifudk,fwkdifu
0efcHxm;ygonf bk&m;/
4/ vlaovljzpfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 149 wGif qkawmif;jcif;aMumifh &½Sdaom tusdK;w&m;rsm;rSm
rdk;udkarQmfonfh zm;wd&pämef\ ,HkMunfcsufrsdK;om jzpfaMumif; OD;Ouú|u atmufygtwdkif; tremy
a&;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
]]trSefqkd&vQif qkawmif;yw¬em ûyrIaMumifh tusdK;&½Sdonf [laom vlom;\
,HkMunfcsufum; ol\ a<u;aMumfatmfjrnfrIaMumifh rkd;OD;usvm&onf [laom zm;oli,f\
,HkMunfrIrsdK;om jzpfavawmhonf}}

tpodkU
5/ vlaovljzpfq&mBuD;onf qkay;jcif;? qkawmif;jcif; paom tûytrlrsm;udkvnf;

enf;enf;uav;rQ r½IpdrfhEkdif bJ pmrsufESm 147-wGif atmufygtwkdif; *&[maESmí a&;xm;jyefygonf
bk&m;/
]]bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;onf qkawmif;yw¬emûyrIudk rdrdudk,fwkdifûy½HkrQrurlí vl'g,umESifh
'g,dumrwkdUtm; qkay;rIudkvnf; ûyMuukefao;\}}
6/ vlaovljzpfacgif;aqmifBuD;u þodkUponfjzifh uJh&JU½HkrQru vlaovljzpf0g'\
trmcHausm½dk;jzpfaom wynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqkdifuvnf; ]]Ak'¨\rd*'g0kefw&m;}} trnf½Sdpmtkyf pmrsufESm
(58) wGif olUq&m\ avoHtwkdif; twkdUtqdwfuav;jzifh atmufygtwkdif; a&;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
]]Ak'önf ,ck vltrsm;BuD;u vufcH,HkMunfaeaom wrvGef qkawmif;jcif;?
qkay;jcif;paom ur®óuwm 'geoDv ukodkvfrsdK;ukd rûyvkyf tm;ray;jyefacs}}
7/ OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\ aemufvdkufaemufyg wynfhom0uwkdU\ ta&;tom;
tajymta[mrsm;onf bmomomoemudk xdyg;csKyfcs,f½HkrQru yd#uwfvm tqkdtrdefUrsm;udk
vspfvsL½I&m a&mufaeMuygonf bk&m;/
8/ 0denf;r[m0gygVd? O'gef;ygVd? t*Fkwå&edum,fESifh "r®y' paom yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;wGif
qkay; qkawmif; oufaoom"ursm;pGm vm½Sdygonf? xkdUaMumifh Ak'ü vufrcHbl;[k Ouú|0g'DwkdU\
a&;om;ajyma[mcsufrsm;onf rodem;rvnfolrsm; (0g) yd#uwfudk rMunfhwwfolrsm;tm; Ak'üdk
ckwHk;vkyfNyD; vdrfjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

9/ twdwfESifh tem*wfuHw&m;rsm;udk vufrcHMubJ ykcufESifh acgif;tMum;udkom
rsufarG;wpfqHk; Munfhí xif&mjrif&m pGwfvkyfaeMuaom vlaovljzpf0g'D or®m'd|dtzGJUom;rsm;ESifh
aemufvdkufaemufygwkdUonf Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; aooludk &nfrSef;í oydwfoGwf qGrf;auR;jcif;udk
tydktvkyf[k ,lqxm;Muygonf bk&m;? or®m'd|dtzGJU0ifwkdUonf olwkdUudk,fwkdifuvnf; qGrf;oGwfjcif;?
trQa0jcif; ukodkvfudpö bmwpfckrQ rûyMuyg bk&m;/
10/ 1973-ck? Zlvkdifv 1-&ufxkwf twGJ(1) trSwf(1) opöm"r®pmapmifwGif pmrsufESm 15-ü
or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUBuD;\ em,ujzpfaom OD;wif\ romtaMumif;udk ocifjrwfqkdifu
tpodkU
atmufygtwkdif; a&;jyxm;onfrSm or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUom;rsm;\ bmomrJh tajccHyHkrSefo½kyfudk

uGufuGufuGif;uGif; ay:apcJhygonf bk&m;/
OD;wif\ romudk or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh "r®okawoDrsm;uyif
aemufqHk;*g&0ûyonfh taejzifh tpGrf;ukef wm0ef,lvdkufMu&m romtBuD;pm;BuD; pHcsdefxuf
ravsmYygacs? tavmif;udk BuHawmokomefwGif rD;½IdUvdkufMu\/
or®m'd|dpnf;urf;ESifhtnD bma&pufcs? bmtrQa0? bmqGrf;oGwfrIrQ rygr½Sd?
bkef;BuD;[lí wpfyg;rQ ryifh? twG,ftpGJ vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwfBuD;ESifhyif udpöjywfoGm;\/

11/ ]]pum;pum;? ajymygrsm;? pum;xJu Zmwdjy}} qkdouJhodkUvnf;aumif;? ]]udk,fhudkudk,fazmf
rolawmf ckepfyg;}} qkdouJhodkUvnf;aumif; txufyg ocifjrwfqkdif\ pum;onf olwkdU[m
b,fvdkvlpm;awG[k txift½Sm; jyvsuf½Sdygonf bk&m;? uHukd r,Hkaom vlEkHwkdU\ tvkyfudk
t[kwfxifNyD; vkyfaeMuolrsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
12/ vlaovQif vlom jzpfcsifaeaom oów0g'Dq&mBuD;u Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\
ukodkvfur® udpöwpfck jzpfaom qGrf;oGwfjcif; trQa0jcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk atmufygtwkdif; aighawmhawmh
a&;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
aooltwGuf ocsØKif;ukef;okdUvkdufNyD;vQif wu,fjzpfysuf&ef tvm;tvmr½Sdaom
tûrH*wdrsm;udk ay;Muukef\? aoíoGm;avNyD;olrsm; wrvGefavmuü Munfvif½Tifys
csrf;omokc&½Sda&;twGuf &nfrSef;í qGrf;oGwfMuukef\? yd@m auR;Muukef\? trQtwef;
a0Muapukef\? at;-olwkdUonf olwkdU\ oufxdef;vrf;udk xGif&müum; txl;tcRef tvGef
uRrf;usifawmfrlMuukefonfwum;/ (vlaovljzpf pmrsufESm- 315)

13/ vlaovljzpf0g'D or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh aemufvkdufaemufygwpfpkwkdUonf
olwkdUudk,fwkdif oydwfoGwf? a&pufcs? trQa0paom ukodkvfvkyfief;rsm;udk ypfy,faMumif;? olwkdU\
ta&;tom;ESifh ta[mtajymrsm;u oufaocHvsuf ½SdygNyD? olwkdU\ t,ltqtawG;tac:rsm;onf
bk&m;a[ma'oemjzpfaom wda&muk¥okwf? ZmPkaómPdokwfpaom yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;ESifh tHr0if

tpodkU
*Gifrus qefUusifvSygaomaMumifh t"r®0g' rdpämt,lom jzpfaMumif; wifjyavQmufxm;tyfygonf

bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (15)

15/ Oyg'ge paom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfa0g[m& pum;vHk;rsm;\ teuft"dyÜm,frSefudk ypfy,fNyD;
udk,fxifovdk teuft"dyÜm,faumufvsuf a[majyma&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdY bk&m;-
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D paomolwkdUonf
vlaovljzpf0g'udk usm;uefay;Ekdif&ef ygVdawmfrsm;udk rjzpf tjzpf? ujypfunpf jzpfn§pfNyD; ZGwftwif;
teufay;Mu&ovdk? bk&m;a[m r[kwf vufvkyfygVdrsm;udk rw&m;xnfhoGif;Mu&ovdk vlaovljzpf
0g'udk acszsufrnfh ygVda0g[m& pum;vHk;rsm; teuft"dyÜm,frSefukdvnf; ypfy,fNyD; xifovdk t"dyÜm,f
jyefqkdMujyefygonf bk&m;/
2/ olwkdU\ ygVda0g[m& t"dyÜm,fjyefrSm;wkdUukd xif½Sm;atmif pmtkyfpmapmif wdwfacGrsm;rS
aumufEkwf wifjyygrnf bk&m;/
(u) Oyg'gef (0g) tpGJqkdwm bmvJ? ¤if;um; tjcm;r[kwf/y/
Ä pdwf0dnmPf (0g) emrfonf ½kyfw&m;udk zefqif;í tkyfpkd;ae\[laom
,HkMunfrIonf vnf;aumif;?
Ä rufwmESifh zkdpf (0g) "mwfaoESifh "mwf½Sif (0g) *kPfESifh *kaP;wkdUudk
wpfckpDwpfuGJpD wnfae\-[laom ,HkMunfrIonf vnf;aumif;?
Ä wefckd;jym#d[mrsm;? *gxmrEÅefrsm;? y&dwfrsm;? tif;tkdif cvSJUvufzGJUrsm;?
um,od'¨d yD,od'¨daq;rsm;? tdyfruf ,mruf\ tusdK;tjypfrsm;? aA'ifrsm;udk
,HkMunfrIonf vnf;aumif;?
Ä aemufqHk;ü obm0"r®xuf ausmfvGefaeaom jzpf&yfrsm;udk (0g)
wefckd;jym#d[mrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif; tpGJtvrf; (0g) Oyg'gef
rnfavawmh\/ (vlaovljzpf pmtkyf pmrsufESm-72)
(c) i&Jpcef;ESifh aumif;uifbHkeef;wkdUudk wcrf;wem; wnfaqmufcJhol vuform;onfvnf;
xkdonfh Oyg'geftpGJjzpfonf [lí tuREkfyfwkdU odcJh&avNyD/
(vlaovljzpf pmrsufESm-303)
(*) tb,fukodkvf'geonf tb,fb0ü tusdK;ay;í rGefjrwfaom b0odkU
a&mufEkdifonf[laom t,lonf tpGJOyg'gefoGif;aom w&m;rsdK;om jzpf&m\/
(Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m; pmrsufESm-71)

tpodkU
rSwfcsuf/ / txufygpum;wkdUonf tbd"r®mvm Oyg'gef\ t"dyÜm,fr[kwfacs/

(C) raemurf=(0g) [',0w¬K (odkUr[kwf) OD;aESmuf½kyfwkdUjzifh ûyvkyfí &aomtrI/
(vlaovljzpf-48)
rSwfcsuf/ / ]]raem}} udk ½kyf[k bmomjyefjcif; jzpfonf/
(i) "r®puúy0wåe="r®qkdonfrSm av;yg;aom r[mbkwf w&m;rsm; jzpfavonf/
puúqkdonfrSm jzpfysufESifh ajymif;vJNyD; vnfí jzpfaejcif;udk qkdvkdonf/
y0wåeqkdonfrSm rsufpdESifh jrif&onfudk qkdavonf/
okwå\ t"dyÜm,frSm vlom;wkdU\ xif½Sm;½Sdaeonfh cE¨mudk,f um,udk qkdonf/
(twå0g'ESifh wm0wðom tbd"r®m 102-103)
rSwfcsuf/ / ]]"r®}} udk r[mbkwf½kyf[kom bmomjyefjcif;onf "r®pMumudk ½kyf0g'w&m; jzpfatmif
vkyfjcif;yif jzpfonf/
(p) 'd|Kyg'gef=t,lpGJ? þt,lpGJ&mü ('d|d+Oyg'gef) [lí qkdxm;&m or®m'd|d rdpäm'd|d[lí
cGJjcm;jcif; r½Sdonfudk owdûytyfayonf/ (31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH-89)
(q) 0db0wPSmuawmh udk,frSm r½SdwJhb0 vSrf;NyD; pdwful;,OfvdkwJh wPSmaygh/
(b0pnf;pdrfpJGaygh) (twGJ-1? trSwf-8? opömpmapmif? OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumrS)
rSwfcsuf/ / t|uxmzGifhrsm;ESifh rnDaom teufrSm;rsm;yif jzpf\/
(Z) umrb0[l&mü tm½Hkig;yg;wkdU\ £aÈúdk rapmifhpnf;rIrS jzpfay:vmonfh pGJvrf;rI
wPSm Oyg'gefw&m;wkdU jzpfNyD;-
Ä ½lyb0qkdonfrSm rdrd\ rsufpd em; ESm vQm udk,fwkdU jzpfonf/
Ä t½lyb0qkdonfrSm þ½kyfw&m;udk taMumif;&if;cHí jzpfay:vmonfh a0'em
onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwnf;[laom emrf\ tjzpfoabmwkdUom jzpfonf/
(31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH-211)
rSwfcsuf/ / þt"dyÜm,fonf bk&m;a[mtbd"r®mvm t"dyÜm,fr[kwf/
(ps) b0wPSm=b0\ tjzpfudk wG,fwmpJGrufjcif;/
0db0wPSm=b0\ *kPfyumoempnf;pdrfukd vdkvm;cHkrifjcif;/
( Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m; -70-71)

tpodkU
(n) rerSm ESvHk;tdrf[',0w¬Kü vnfywfaom aoG;tpOfudkaumufrS t"dyÜm,f½Sif;p&m

½Sdayonf? þESvHk;aoG;onfom onmu©E¨mjzpfaom OD;aESmuf\vkyfief;ukd
tm;ay;qufoG,faeaomaMumifh reudk aumufjcif; jzpfonf/
(ocifjrwfqkdif\ Ak'¨0dyóem yxrwGJ-60)
rSwfcsuf/ / þt,ltqonf ½kyf0g'DwpfOD;\ tjrifyif jzpfonf/
(#) þudk,fum,onfyif yÍöm½Hkumrig;rsdK;wkdU jzpfapaom oabmvu©Pmrsm;
½SdonfhtwGuf umrbHk?
Ä ½kyfypönf;wkdUtm; olUXmeESifhol tcsdK;tpm;udkufnDatmif zGJUpnf;xm;onfh
udk,ftwGuf ½lybHk?
Ä toufZD0[laom xGufouf0ifouf ½SdaeonfhtwGuf t½lybHk[k t½Sif;qHk;?
aumuf,l&ef tvG,fqHk; jzpfayonf/ (Ak'¨0dyóem yxr-61)
(X) umrb0=rsufpd? em;? ESm? vQm? udk,fwkdUu tqif;? toH? teHU? t&om
xdawGUzG,f&mwkdUü wkdufqHkaomtcg wyfrufwG,fwmaom vdkcsifrI?
½lyb0 = rdrd\cE¨mudk,f ½kyfw&m;tay: (0g) cE¨mig;yg;tay:wGif NrJonf[laom
owfrSwfcsufjzifh rysufcsifaom ½lyb0?
t½lyb0 = rtkdcsif? raocsif? remcsifaom tjzpf? tkdrItwGuf pdk;&drfylyefjcif;?
emrItwGuf pdk;&drfylyefjcif;? aorItwGuf pdk;&drfylyefjcif; tjzpf? pdwful;rsm;pGmjzifh
ypöu©ta&;udpörS vGefajrmufaom b0pnf;pdrftrsKd;rsdK;wkdUukd pdwful;ESifh BuHqí &Ekdif\?
a&mufEkdif\? oHk;oyfjcif; r½SdbJ (t½lyb0) pdwful;pGJ tjzpfrsm;/
(Ak'¨0g'jyóem pmrsufESm -5-6)
(!) [',0w¬KqkdwJh raemtMunf½kyf- (tewåa&mifjcnf-103)
(¡) raemac:aom OD;aESmufrSm trSeftm;jzifh onmu©E¨m\ t"dut*Fgyif jzpfyg\/
(tewåa&mifjcnf-146)
(P) emrfqkdonfrSm ½kyfudk trnfay;xm;aom oabmom jzpfonf/
(Ak'¨0g'jyóem-35)
(w) pGJvrf;rI Oyg'geftaMumif;aMumifh b0wpfckonf jzpfvm\/ (ypöKyÜefb0=
ausmif;om;b0rS pma&;b0? pma&;b0rS t&m½Sdb0? tdrfaxmifonfb0 ponfrsm;/)
(x) b0jzpfjcif;aMumifh Zmwd-tvkyfwpfck wm0efwpfckü a&mufjcif;/

tpodkU
(') Z&m=vkyfouf&ifhvmjcif;/
(") r&P=tvkyfrS &yfem;jcif;? tvkyfxkwfcH&jcif;/ (Ak'¨0dyóem 'kwd,-176)
rSwfcsuf/ / txufyg tykd'frsm;ü emrnfwyfxm;onfu Ak'¨0g' Ak'¨0dyóem? a&;xm;onfrsm;u
t½l;csD;yef; y&rf;ywm bmoma&;jyufvHk;rsm;yif jzpfayonfwum;/
(e) ykaAÁed0goÓPfum;-
ykaAÁ=ajcmufESpfumv cgor,/ ed=xif½Sm;{uef trSefr½Sdaom/ 0go=
wyfrufpGJvrf;jcif;\ ESdyfpuf n§if;yef;rI cH&jcif;wkdUukd/ ÓP=trSefxGif;azmuf
todÓPf&a&mufcJhavNyD/
(y) 'dAÁpu©KÓPfum;-
pu©K=rsufpdESpfuGif;jzifh jrifjcif;[lorQwkdUudk/ 'dAÁ=½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif; tpGJuif;NyD;/ ÓPH=
trSefxGif; azmuf odjrifjcif;odkU &a&mufcJhavNyD/
(z) tmo0u©,ÓPf-
tmo0=wyfrufpGJvrf;rI jzpfjcif;[lorQudk/ c,=ukefcef;csKyfNidrf;rItrSefodkU &½Sdjcif;udk/
ÓPH=trSef xGif;azmuf odjrifjcif;odkU &a&mufcJhavNyD/
(trSefw&m;okawoe trSwf (1) pmapmif? pmrsufESm-7 tbd"r®m q&mpdef)
,ck or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfqkdonf\ em,uBuD;qdkol tbd"r®mq&mpdefqkdolu
ykaAÁed0gomEkówd? 'dAÁpu©K? tmo0u©, tbdnmOf[laom 0dZÆmoHk;yg;wkdUukd teuft"dyÜm,f azmfjyyHkrSm
vl½Twfvlaemufwpfa,mufu jcaoFhukd rjrifzl;½Smaom uav;i,fwpfOD;tm; aqmifhaMumifhxkdifaeaom
zm;uav;wpfaumifukd vufñdI;xkd;jyNyD; ]]jcaoFhqkdwm 'DtaumifyJ}} [k jyouJhodkU jzpfaeayonf/
(A) twåudvrxmEka,m* = twå [laom yk'f\ t"dyÜm,fo½kyfum; 0dnmOfpdwf jzpf\/
udvrxyk'f\ t"dyÜm,fum; csKyfcs,fxm;jcif;udk qkd\? tEka,m*yk'f\ oabmoGm;um;
bm0emur®|mef;wpfckckukd tpOftm;jzifh tm;xkwfusifhBuHaerIudk qkd\/
(trSefw&m;okawoe trSwf(6) pmrsufESm-8)
(b) ewf = ewfqkdonfh ygVdpum;rSm jrefrmvdk pnf;pdrfcHpm;jcif;udk ac:í þcE¨mtwGif;rSm
½Sdaom pu©K? aomw? Cme? Zd0Sg? um,? re þ (6) ckwkdYjzifh cHpm;rI ûyjcif;udkyif
pnf;pdrfcHpm;rI ewfajcmufbHk[k ac:qkd&jcif; jzpfaMumif; Ak'ä[maom ygVdrsm;udk
cE¨menf;? vufawGUenf;wkdUjzifh aygif;pyf½SmazGygu rdrdwdkUcE¨mtwGif; ½Sdaom
þajcmufckudkyif ewfbHkajcmufbHkjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;pGm awGU&ygonf/

tpodkU
(ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ? pmrsufESm-23)

(r) odef;ZD0 = ZD0\ t"dyÜm,frSm toufudk ac:ygonf? odef;\ t"dyÜm,frSm aovkeD;yg;[k
ac:ygonf? ESpfckaygif;vdkufvQif ZD0=aovkeD;yg;txd ylavmifuRrf;rIBuD; jzpf&jcif;[k
jyqkdjcif; jzpfonf/
(,) umvokwf = êud;ESifh wkyfaESmifxm;bdouJhodkU ½kef;xGufí r&ovdk ylavmifrI'Pfudk
cHae&jcif;/
(&) oCFmw = oHrD;awmifBuD;\ tyl½Sdefjzifh zduyfí xm;bdouJhodkU ylavmifcHae&jcif;/
(v) a&m½k0 = toH atmf[pfvsuf rcHr&yfEkdifbJ ylavmifrI'Pf cHae&jcif;/
(0) r[ma&m½k0 = xírEdkif xdkifír& b,fvdkae&rSef;rodjzpf&onftxd
ylavmifuRrf;rI'Pfudk cHae&jcif;/
(o) wmye = toHrxGufEdkifawmhbJ &ifvHk;aqmifhvsuf ylaqG;avmifuRrf;'Pf cH&jcif;/
([) r[mwmye = tvGef jyif;xefpGm toHrxGufEdkifawmhbJ owdyifr&
arhajrmMu&onftxd ylavmifrI'Pf cH&jcif;/
(V) t0Dpd = wpfcsufuav;rQ arhaysmufír&Ekdifavmufatmuf at;uGufpyfMum;r½SdbJ
ylavmifaejcif;wnf;[laom ylavmifuRrf;rItrsdK;rsdK;? (8)rsdK; (8)xyfwkdU\
ESdyfpufrI'Pfrsm;udk cHae&olwkdUukd i&JBuD; (8)xyfwGif uscHae&olrsm;[k usrf;*efü
jyqkdrIûyjcif; jzpfonf/ (ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ 24-25)
3/ txufygewfESifh i&JBuD;½SpfxyfwdkU\ t"dyÜg,fazmfjyxm;csufrsm;onf vGefcJhaomESpfu
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u xHarSmufü rdrdwdkUrSm;ygNyD[k 0efcsawmif;yefcJhMuaom Edkifvif;ESifh
½kyf½Sifrif;om;xGef;a0 polwdkU\ omoemapmfum;aom bHk&Sif;wrf; bHkurÇm wdwfacGrsm;udk
jzpfay:vmaponfh tajccHrsdK;aphrsm;yif jzpfygonf/ t½Sufr½Sd ajAmifyvDxm;aom
teuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;om jzpf\/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifwkdUavmufom teuftrSef
xifEdkifp&m½Sdaom rkom0g'rsm; jzpfMuayonf/
(t) t[dwf = 'Davmb a'go arm[w&m;udkrS rvkyf& raeEdkifygbl;qdkwJh trsdK;u
t[dwftppfyJ/
(tm) 'dG[dwf = 'Dw&m;pk igvkyfae&wm wu,fawmh oHo&mvnfwJh 0#fw&m;awGudk
igvkyfae&yg uvm;vdkU ododBuD;eJY rvJTomvkdU vkyfae&&if 'dG[dwf/

tpodkU
(£) wd[dwf = 'Davmb a'go arm[w&m;awG[m ightzkdUvJ tusdK;wu,fr½Sdbl;?

vlrsm;tzdkUvJ ighaMumifh pdwfqif;&J udk,fqif;&J jzpfukefMu&w,f? 'gawG
igrvkyfawmhygbl;vkdU qHk;jzwfwwf&if wd[dwfyJ/
(twJG-1? trSwf-5? opöm"r®pmapmif pmrsufESm-10- OD;Ouú| a[maom w&m;rS)
(þ) oH qkdwm - ½Sdwm? Cm qkdwm - zdkr? tJ'D½SdwJh zkdr 2-a,mufudk oHCmvdkU ac:wm?
'gaMumifh
]]oHCH o&PH *wfcsmrd}}
oH - ½SdwJh? CH - a,musfm;rdef;r (2)a,mufonf/ o&PH - ajyvnfpGm vufwJGMuí/
*wfcsmrd? urÇmYc&D;udk oGm;aeMuavonf/
urÇmrSm½SdwJh a,musfm;ESifh rdef;r zdkr 2-a,mufwkdU ajyajyvnfvnf vufwJGNyD;awmh
urÇmYc&D;udk oGm;aewmudk (oHCH o&PH *wfcsmrd) qkdvkdw,f/
(15-4-76 aeUn ajrmif;jrw&m;yJGü OD;0go0 a[majymcsuf wdwfacG at-rsufESmrS/)
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;bk&m; -
4/ bk&m;a[m ygVda0g[m&rsm;udk azmfjyygtwdkif; xif&mjrif&m t"dyÜm,fazmfjycsufrsm;onf
Mo µ vufpowfawmh or®m'd|dokawoe vkyfaew,fqdkwJh vlwpfpk[m 'Dvkd ygVdawmfa0g[m&awGudk
zsufqD;NyD; usD;uef;yufvufysHwmudkrS MunfhcsifwwfwJh tqef;êudufrsm;\ a½SUü
wu,fhacwfrDokawoeBuD; vkyfjyaeyguvm; [lí jynfolvlxku odEdkifMuNyDjzpfygonfbk&m;?
wpfenf;qkd&aomf ,ckvdk or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyfESifh tokdif;t0dkif;uvkyfaeaom
okawoevkyfenf;rsdK;onf ,aeUwkd;wufaom urÇmü ray:ao;ygbk&m;? xkdUaMumifh þuJhokdU
xdkolrsm;\ a&;om;csufrsm;udk yd#uwfawmfESifh rnD[lí ajym&rSmyif rpifyHkudk vufjzifh udkifjy&ouJhodkU
jzpfaeygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (16)

16/ Ak'¨bmomavmuü txGwftjrwfxm;tyfaom ax&0g'yd#uwfvm t&d,mESifh edAÁmefudk
pdwful;,Of vlaovljzpft,ltqESifh udkufnDatmif jyifqifzGifhqkda&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí
apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkUbk&m; -
1/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm omoemwGif t&d,mqkdaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm tqifhqifh udavomudky,fí
ykxkZOfwkdUxuf jrifhjrwfaMumif;udk Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdif; odMuygonf bk&m;? OD;Ouú|\
wynfhrsm;jzpfMuukefaom or®m'd|dokawoe tzJGU0ifwdkUurl Ak'ömomemü tav;*½kûyí
wefzdk;xm;tyfaom t&d,mudk yHkysufyef;ysufjzpfatmif zsufqD;aeMuygonf bk&m;? ¤if;wdkU\ zsufqD;yHkudk
oufaotaxmuftxm;jyí avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
2/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUrS xkwfa0aom twJG-4 trSwf(8) opöm"r®pmapmif pmrsufESm 9-
wGif t&d,mudk yHkysufatmif þodkU a&;jyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
t&d,mqdkonfrSm jrifwwf Mum;wwfoludk qkdonf? tewåvu©Pokwåef tqHk;wGif
Ak'ü þtwdkif; zGifhqkdonf/ ]]{0H yóH bdu©a0 okw0g t&d,om0aum}} þodkU jrifwwf
Mum;wwfaom yk*¾dKvfonf [k qkdcJhonf? vlrSm rsufpdESifh em; ½Sdonf/ xdkrsufpdESifh em;½Sdolonf
jrifwwf&rnf? Mum;wwf&rnf? okdUjzpfí vlESifht&d,m? t&d,mESifhvl twlwlyif jzpfonf/
rsufpd? em; ½SdvsufESifh rjrifwwf rMum;wwfoludk Ak'ü te&d,[k qkdcJhonf?
te&d,onf t&d,\ qefUusifbuf jzpfonf/
t onf = r[kwf [k od&onf/
e& onf = vl [k od&onf/
£, onf = ydkifqkdifrI [k od&onf/
pkaygif;onfhtcg te&d, jzpfonf? te&d,onf vlr[kwfbl;[k qkdonf? vlonf
jrifwwfonf? Mum;wwfonf? vlr[kwfolonf rjrifwwf rMum;wwfoljzpfonf/ y/ okdUjzpfí
vlESifht&d,monf twlwlyif jzpfonf/
3/ or®m'd|dtzJGUom;rsm;u zsufqD;onfhenf;wl or®m'd|dwkdU\ bkd;awmfBuD; OD;0go0uvnf;
tvm;wl t&d,m\ oabmrSefudk zsufqD;cJhygonf bk&m;? 15-4-76 aeUn ajrmif;jrûrdU? 6-vrf;
OD;ppfwif\ aetdrfwGif a[majym&mü t&d,mudk yHkysufatmif atmufygtwdkif; *kPfzsufcJhygonf bk&m;/
t&d,mqkdwm vlvifr,m;udk ac:wm?
t& qkdwm = rdef;r?

tpodkU
£, qdkwm = a,musfm;?
tJ'D rdef;r a,musfm; 2-a,mufudk pmtvdku t&d,vdkU ac:w,f?
vifr,m; 2-a,mufudk t&d,vdkU ac:w,f/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m; -

or®m'd|d okawoeorm;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\bkd;awmfBuD; OD;0go0wkdU\ ajymqdka&;om;csufonf
t&yf&yf aejynfawmfMum;vdkUrS ravsmfyg bk&m;/
Ak'¨tbd"r®m pmrsufESm 259-wGif a&;om;xm;aom ÓPfBuD;½SifOD;Ouú|\ tqdktrdefUudkvnf;
wifjyyg&ap bk&m;/
0domcgausmif;trBuD;onf vifa,musfm;ESifh? temxydPfaoaX;BuD;onf r,m;ESifh
aeMu\/ odkUaomf ¤if;wkdUonf wPSmESifh Oyg'gef r½SdMuawmhbJ vifh0wf 5-yg;? r,m;0wf 5-
yg; ûyMu½HkrS wyg; tEkyg'gefw&m;ESifh aexdkifMuojzifh aomwmyefjzpfí okcw&m;udk &aeMu\/
pOf;pm;awmfrlMuygbk&m;? aomwmyefjzpfí wPSmOyg'gef r½SdMubl;wJh bk&m;? tawmfav;eufwJh
Ouú| tbd"r®myg bk&m;/

5/ xif&mjrif&m pGwfwG,fwwfaom or®m'd|dokawoe qdkolwkdU\ tvJGvJG tacsmfacsmf
axmfavmf uefUvefU vkyfwwfyHkudk qufvufwifjy ygOD;rnf bk&m;? twJG(1) trSwf(7) arSmifckdxkwfaom
opömpmapmif? pmrsufESm 9-wGif t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdU\ taMumif;udk atmufygtwkdif; rSm;,Gif;pGm
qdkxm;ygonf bk&m;/
oufomovdkaeí usifhyg? ÓPfvsifolrsm;tzdkU wpfv ESpfv twGif; taMumufESifh
tarQmf aysmufvmygvdrfhrnf? ,if;udk aomwmywådr*f[k rSwfyg? aemuf qufumqufumusifhvQif
pdk;&drfrIESifh wkefvIyfrI aysmufvmygvdrfhrnf? ,if;udk ou'g*grd[k rSwfyg/
qufusifhvQif cspfjcif;ESifh rkef;jcif;wkdU aysmufvmygvdrfhrnf? ,if;udk tem*grd[k rSwfyg/
þtwkdif; qufvufyGm;rsm;ygvQif pJGvrf;jcif;ESifh vdkcsifwyfrufrI(wPSm-Oyg'gef)
tm;vHk;csKyfNidrf; vmygvdrfhrnf? ,if;udk t&[wår*f [k odyg/
qufvufí yGm;,if; to®drme=(igwnf;[laom) trSwfonmuav;
aiGUaiGUusef½SdaeorQ aysmuf uG,foGm;vQif t&[wåzdkvf qkdufygNyD/

tpodkU
tJ'g Ak'¨0dyóemusrf;ûyq&mBuD; ocifjrwfqkdif&JU t&d,mrSwfwrf;BuD;yg bk&m;?

em;rvnfolawGuawmh txifBuD;Muygvdrfhr,f? pmayusrf;*ef avhvmzl;olrsm; awGU&ifjzifh &,fp&mtwd
½Sufp&mtwdyg bk&m;/
6/ OD;0go0\ Ak'ödyÜH0kdif;awmfom;wkdY &rf;um;xm;yHkukdvnf; wifjyyg&apOD; bk&m;?
]]Ak'ödyÜH y&dowf awmfvSefa&;vlom;awG tjrif}} acgif;pOfwyfí xkwfa0aom ]]bmompD;yGm;a&;eJU
vlrIpD;yGm;a&;}} trnf½Sd arSmifckdpmapmif pmrsufESm 20-wGif t&d,mtaMumif;udk yHkysufatmif
atmufygtwkdif; zsufqD;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
'Dvdk vlrd vlzu arG;wJh vlom;udk [kdwkef;u pmpum;eJU a&;&&if ]]t&d,m}} vkdU qkdw,f?
t&d,m qdkwJhpum;udk yk'fcJGvkdufawmh t&+£,+tm qkdwJh yk'foHk;ckudk pyfxm;wmjzpfw,f? 'D
oHk;yk'frSm-
t&-u = vltar
£,-u = vltaz
tm = vkyfxm
vltar? vltazawG vkyfvkdU jzpfxmvkdU qkdvkdw,f/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
7/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUom;rsm;ESifhwuG tvm;wl tqdyfoifhjcif;cHae&wJh bmomrJh
½kyfMurf;0g'orm;rsm;\ ta&;tom; tajymtqdkrsm;onf pnf;r½Sd urf;r½Sd vGwfcsifwdkif;
vGwfaeygaomaMumifh t"r®0g'D tblw0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif;udk atmf*vDqefvSpGmjzifhyif

8/ OD;Ouú| OD;0go0wkdU\ jyifnmoaEËSifh xif&mrmefawG0ifhaeMuaom
or®m'd|dtzJGUom;rsm;onf t&d,mudkom zsufqD;½Hkru edAÁmef\ oabmw&m;udkvnf; r[kwfrrSef
vkyfMuHí qkdxm;ygonf bk&m;? or®m'd|d okawoetzJGUcsKyf ArmEdkifiHqkdonfrS cdk;xkwfaom
Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef;? oifwef;trSwfpOf(1) oifwef;rSwfpkrsm; pmtkyf? pmrsufESm 41-wGif edAÁmefudk 'Dvkd
o½kyfzsufjyvdkufygw,f bk&m;/
0ge = taMumuf? tvdk
ed = r½Sdjcif;? uif;jcif;
ed0ge = edAÁme = edAÁmefygwJh bk&m;/

tpodkU

9/ or®m'd|dokawoeqdkwJh pum;vHk;BuD;udk r[mhr[mOyg'gefBuD; jyif;pGmeJY
zufwG,fxm;aom twGif;a&;rª;csKyfBuD; OD;udkudkav;\ edAÁmeft,ltqudkvnf; wifjyyg&apbk&m;/
31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH pmtkyf pmrsufESm 114- wGif edAÁmefudk 'DvdkjrifygowJh bk&m;/
þcE¨mudk,fwnf;[laom ½kyfw&m; ½lyu©E¨mwGif a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmP [laom
t½lyu©E¨m*kPfESifh edAÁmef[laom *kPf 2-rsdK;½Sdavonf/
'Dpum;t& Oyg'geftpJGcRwfcsifaeaom or®m'd|dq&mBuD;wdkU\ edAÁmefrSm Oyg'gefpufuGif;u
rvGwfuif;EdkifbJ ½kyf0g'0J*,ufrSm vTJrxGufomatmif jzpfaeygonf bk&m;/
10/ Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk ypfy,fí ,kwforQtbd"r®mudk w&m;aoudkifpJGxm;aom
0dyóemq&mBuD; ocifjrwfqkdif\ edAÁmeftjrifudk wifjyyg&ap bk&m;? Ak'¨0dyóempmtkyf yxrwJG
pmrsufESm 45-wGif ]]edAÁmefudkawmifhwí w&m;tm;xkwfwmudk umr}} vdkU qkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/
edAÁmef\csrf;omudk wrifawmifhwcHpm;vdkí tm;xkwfygu þedAÁmeftvkdonf
umrESifh,SOfaom tvkdom jzpf&ayrnf/ (Ak'¨0dyóem? yxrwJG-45)
tJ'g yd#uwf aumufEkwfcsufawGudk yvlysHatmif a0aewJh ocifjrwfqkdifqkdwJh q&mBuD;&JU
edAÁmeftvJG Oyg'geftpJGBuD;yg bk&m;/
11/ or®m'd|dokawoe wynfhom0uwkdU ,ckvdk trSm;ZmwfawG xyfumxyfum
usL;vGefae&jcif;\ w&m;cHvufonfudk ½SmwJhtcg vlaovljzpfq&mBuD; OD;Ouú|aMumifh jzpfw,fqdkwm
jiif;r&atmif xif½Sm;aeygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨"r®pMum pmtkyf pmrsufESm 52-53 wGif cE¨mig;yg;udk edAÁmef[k
atmufygtwdkif; rSm;,Gif;pGm qkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/
edAÁmefESifhcE¨mig;yg;[m wjcm;pDr[kwf&if yl;wJGvsuf½Sdw,f[k qkdvdk'gygyJ?
wpfqifhwufMunhf&if cE¨mig;yg;[m edAÁmefjzpfEkdifwmaygh? bk&m;uawmh twdtus edAÁmefeJUcE¨m
wjcm;pDr[kwfbl; [k a[mxm;wmbJ/
12/ tJ'g "r®pMumukd a&vJeJUoHk;aewJh Ouú|&JU edAÁmeft,ltqygyJ bk&m;? þwGif
bk&m;a[mygw,f[k bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[mvkyfNyD; ajymxm;wm awGUEkdifygw,f/

tpodkU
tdk a,m*D oifb,fqDoGm;rvJ qkdwJh pmtkyf pmrsufESm 86-wGif

pdwf apwoduf ½kyf edAÁmefonf emrfüxnfhxm;aomaMumifh emrfonf
½kyfw&m;wkdU\*kPfjzpfcJhrl edAÁmef onfvnf; ½kyfw&m;wkdU\*kPf jzpf&rnf/
[lí OD;Ouú|u qkdxm;ygonf bk&m;? 'Dae&mrSm -
]]tdk a,m*D oif b,fqDoGm;rvJ}} qkdrnfhtpm; ]]tdk OD;Ouú| oif b,foGm;rvJ}}vdkU qkdzdkUaumif;
aeygw,f bk&m;? tajzuawmh ½kyf0g'odkU oGm;aeygw,f[k jzpfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkYbk&m; -
13/ OD;Ouú| acgif;wJGBuD;qJG&mokdU '½Gwfwdkuf woDwwef;BuD; ygaeMu&ukefaom
or®m'd|dokawoe tzJGUom;rsm;ESifhwuG aemufvkdufaemufygwkdU\ ta&;tom; tajymtqdkrsm;onf
ax&0g'yd#uwf usrf;*efESifh ravsmfuef rawmfrrSefawGjzpfaomaMumifh t"r®0g'rsm;tjzpf
qHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (17)

17/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifwkdU\ Mo0g'ay;q&mBuD; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumvufopfESifh
pyfvsOf;í apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m; -
1/ bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;udk t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&müvnf;aumif;? teufudkjyefqkd&mü
vnf;aumif;? udk,fxif&m igwaumjzifh ajymcsifwkdif;ajymjcif;tm;jzifh rlrSefaomcH,lcsufudk r&Ekdifyg
bk&m;? Ak'¨rwñk bk&m;tvkdudk od½SdawmfrlMuaom t½Sifr[mAk'äCmo paom
t|uxmusrf;ûyrax&fjrwfBuD;rsm;onfyifvQif ygVdawmfrsm;udk zGifhqdk&mü bk&m;½SifvufxufawmfrSpí
csydkU½dk; tpOftvm (0gpemr*¾) twkdif;om zGifhqkda&;om;Mu&ygonf? wpfcgwpf&H rdrdxifjrifcsufudk
zGifhvkdvQifvnf; ½dk;om;pGmjzifh þteuf þtzGifhrsm;onf ol\ twåaemrwdrQomjzpfaMumif;
rSmMum;avh½SdMuygonf bk&m;? tvGef½dk;om; ajzmifhrwfawmf rlMuygonf bk&m;/
2/ awmifwGif;BuD;OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\ xif&mtarGudk cH,lMuukefaom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzJGU0if armif&rf;um; OD;&rf;um;wkdUonfum; bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk olwdkU\ wpfrdkufwpfxGm
ÓPfrQjzifh aygufwwfu& t"dyÜm,frJh xifovkd bmomjyef teufazmfMuygonf bk&m;/
3/ þae&mwGif OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumvufopftaMumif; avQmufxm;apm'emcGifh
ûyawmfrlygbk&m;? rod em;rvnfolrsm;u OD;Ouú|[m "r®pMumw&m;udk vufcHw,f av;pm;w,f [lí
xifrSwfaeMuygw,fbk&m;? okdU&mwGif OD;Ouú| "r®pMumonfum; bk&m;a[m "r®pMum r[kwfaMumif;udk
rodMuyg bk&m;? pifppf OD;Ouú|"r®pMumonf vlaovljzpf "r®pMumrQom jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þudpöESifh ywfoufí oufaocH aumufEkwfcsuf tydk'ftcsdKUudk azmfjyyg&ap bk&m;/
(u) vlom;onf ]]vlaovQif vlomjzpf\}} [laom obm0trSefudk oabmaygufwmESifh
wpfûydifeuf -
(1) 'd|"r® - rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\/
(2) ywå"r® - em;Mum;oabm jzpfavawmh\/
(3) 0d'dw"r® - ESmacgif;ESifh vQmawGUoabm jzpfavawmh\/
(4) y&da,m*gV§"r® - udk,fum,wpfckvHk; ysHUESHUí (0g)pdrfhxHkí tusdK;&aom reawGU
(0g)[',awGUoabm jzpfavawmh\/ ,if;okdU yÍöm½HktawGUjzifh awhawhqkdifqkdif
r,dkif r,drf; trSef"r®qdktyfwJh obm0odkU qkdufa&mufwJh tcgrSomvQif
vlom;onf-
(5) wdPÖ0dpdudapäm - oHo, 0dpdudpämqdkwJh odkUavmodkUavm jzpfrIawGudk
vGefajrmufí oGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
tpodkU
(6) 0d*wuxHuaxm - Za0Z0gESifh 0dk;wkd;0g;wm;awGvnf; uif;aysmufí

oGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
(7) a0om&ZÆyawåm - tarQmftaMumufudk vGefajrmufoGm;NyDjzpfí &J&ifhjcif;odkU
a&mufay vdrfhrnf/
(8) ty&yÜpöa,m - i&J½SpfxyfESifh xufewfjA[®mqdktyfwJh wyg;aom bHkawG
b0awGudk oGm;zdkU a&mufzdkU taMumif;rjzpfawmhonfudk wduspGmodjrifjcif;odkU
a&mufayvdrfhrnf/ (vlaovljzpf pmtkyf? pmrsufESm 4-5)
4/ txufyg 'd|"ar®m ywå"ar®m ponfwkdUrSm "r®pMum ponfwkdUüygaom bk&m;a[m
ygVdawmfrsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;? teufjrefrmjyefrsm;rSmum; OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpfteufrsm;om
jzpfygonf bk&m;? bk&m;½Sif\ aumuf,lvdk&if; teuft"dyÜm,frsm; r[kwfygbk&m;?
bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;\ ½Sif;vif;csufudk 'kwd,apm'emusrS avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;? txufyg
aumufEkwfcsufrsm;t& Ouú|"r®pMumonf bk&m;a[m w&m;"r®ESifh qefUusifaom vlaovljzpf
t"r®rsm;omjzpfaMumif; odomygNyD bk&m;/
5/ or®m'd|dokawoeqkdaom toif;&JU q&mBuD;wpfqljzpfaom tbd"r®mq&mpdef qkdolu
"r®pMumw&m;udk 0ifNyD; ]]aum}} xm;yHkwdkUudk qufNyD; avQmufvkdufyg&ap bk&m;? q&mpdef qdkol\
omoemzsuf vuf&mum; atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
(c) Zmwdyd - ief;ief;wuf pJGvrf;jcif; jzpfívmjcif;aMumifh?
'ku©m - qif;&Jjcif; tusdK;w&m; jzpf&acs\/
Z&myd - qHjzLoGm;aMuG tom;a&,dk,Gif; tdkrif;&ifha&mfjcif;wkdUudk
pdk;&drfruif;jzpfí vmaom tpJG Oyg'gefaMumifh?
'ku©m - ylyefaomu qif;&Jjcif; jzpf&acs\/
Asm"dyd - tema&m*g usifemudkufcJ Elem0JwkdU jzpfívmonfwkdUudk
ylaqG;aMumifhMujcif;jzpfí vmaom tpJG Oyg'gefaMumifh?
'ku©m - rcsdxefoJ tvGefyif qif;&Jjcif; jzpf&acs\/
r&PrÜd - trdtz r,m; om;orD; ypönf;Opöm &wema½Tpif ponfwkdUESifhwuGaom
aqGnm taygif;wdkUtm; y,fcGmpGefUxm;cJhí ao&rnfhab;udk pdk;&drfruif; pJGvrf;jcif;
Oyg'gefaMumifh?
'ku©H - aMumufvefUarQmfudk; qif;&Jjcif;tusdK; jzpf&acs\/

tpodkU
tyÜda,[d - rESpfouf rvdkvm;tyfukefaom Z&mAsm"d r&P ponfOóHk

ab;taygif;pHk wdkUESifh?
orÜa,ma*g - vufiif;'d| ,ckyufyif;rSm awGUêuHcHpm;ae&avjcif;[k
pJGvrf;jcif; jzpfíaeaom Oyg'gefaMumifh?
'kau©m - ylavmifxefjyif; tvGefyif qif;&Jjcif; jzpf&acs\/
yda,[d - cspfcifESpfouf pJGrufukefaom rdrd ZeD; om;orD;ESifh ypönf;Opöm
&wema½TaiG tdk;tdrfwkdufwmwdkUESifh
0dyÜa,ma*g - auGuGif;ukefqHk; ysufûydûyef;cJhonf ½Sdaomf?
'kau©m - t½l;yrm rsuf&nfjzmí ylaqG;aomu qif;&Jjcif;tusdK; jzpf&acs\/
,rÜdpäH - rdrdwkdU tvkd½Sdtyf awmifhwMuonfhtwkdif;?
e vbwd - rkcsydkifydkif r&Ekdifacs/
wrÜd - xkdodkU tvkd½Sdtyf awmifhwMuonfhtwkdif; r&jcif;aMumifh?
'ku©H - &ifwGif;vdIufzdk qif;&Jtydk jzpf&acs\/
oHcdawåe - twkdtusOf; vdk&if;udk ûcHí ajym&ygrl?
yÍö - rsufpd em; ESm vQm udk,fwnf;[laom ig;ckwdkUwGif?
Oyg'geu©E¨myd - pJGvrf;jcif; Oyg'gefESifhwuG jzpf&Sdaeaom cE¨mudk,fum,
wdkUonfvnf;?
'ku©m - qif;&Jjcif;tusdK; jzpfí aeav\/
(tbd"r®m q&mpdef\ ]]twå0g'ESifh wm0wðomtbd"r®m}} pmtkyf? ESm- 109? 110? 111)
(C) t,ar0 aom t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g/
aom - xkduJhokdU MuHp&m pnfp&m ylp&m yifp&m aqG;p&m at;p&m csKyfNidrf;p&m
tjzmjzmwkdUonf?
t,ar0 - ,ckypöu©ü vufiif;'d| êuHawGUae&onfh tckdufwGif
t&da,m - tpJGOyg'gef acs;an§mfwkdU\ oefU&Sif;jcif;udk tvkd½SdMuukefaom
vlom;taygif;wdkUonf?
t|*Øaum - t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom?
ra*¾g - usifhtyfaom w&m;wdkUaywnf;?

tpodkU
(tbd"r®m q&mpdef\ ]]twå0g'ESifh wm0wðomtbd"r®m}} pmtkyf? ESm- 104)

6/ bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm; ,ckwifjyavQmufxm;cJhaom tcsufrsm;onf tenf;i,f
t>rufrQom jzpfygonf bk&m;? þtcsufrsm;udk axmufqqifjcifygu awmifwGif;BuD;Ouú|ESifh ol\
taygif;ygrsm; jzpfMuaom or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifrsm;? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'Drsm;onf rdrdwdkU\tvkdqdk;udk
tajccHí bk&m;½Sif\ ygVdawmftcsdKUudk tvJGvJGtacsmfacsmf t"dyÜm,f,lqNyD; bmom0ifrsm;
txiftjrifrSm;atmif vSnfhpm;um a&;om;a[majymvsuf omoemawmfBuD;udk zsufqD;aeMuaMumif;
tvGefyif xif&Sm;ygonf? xkdyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ a&;om;a[majymcsufrsm;onf bk&m;½Sif\ tvkdawmfESifh
qefUusifaeaomaMumifh "r®0g' r[kwf? t"r®0g'ppfppfom jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (18)

18/ twåaemrwd rdrdxif&majymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk
bk&m;a[mjzpfav[ef vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m; -
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh oHa,mifaemufvkduf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D polwkdUonf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ a½TEIwfawmfxGuf jzpfonfhteufESifh jynhfpHkjcif;*kPf? o'´gESifh jynfhpHkjcif;*kPf? jznfhpGuf
Ekwfy,fzG,fr½Sd tvHk;pHkjynfhpHkjcif;*kPf? tvGefpifMu,faom*kPfwkdUESifh jynfhpHkaom ygVdawmfrsm;udk
tvG,fwul y,f½Sm;&rSm raMumufovkd vdifrrSef 0kpfrrSef o'´grrSef teufrrSef uvdefÓPfjzifh
awmufwD;awmufwJhqkdxm;aom ygVdrsm;udk bk&m;a[mygVdjzpfav[ef vdrfnm NzD;jzef;&rSmvnf;
r½SufMuyg bk&m;/
2/ olwdkU\ vufjzpfygVdrsm;udk olwdkU\teufESifh wJGzufwifjyygrnf bk&m;
(u) avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d-[lí ba'ú&wåokwfü
upöm,ea*gwårax&fudk Ak'¨½Sifa[mcJhonfh avmu[lonf ½Sdonf[k pJG,lu ½Sd\? r½Sd[k
jywfuvnf; r½Sd[k qkdxm;\/
(vlaovljzpfjyoem-17) (31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH pmtkyftzGifh)
rSwfcsuf/ / þygVdonf ba'ú&wåokwfü r½Sd? vkyfygVdom jzpfonf/
3/ oDvu©efygVdawmfrSm Ak'üdk upöm,ea*gwårax&fu ar;avQmufonf? ]]½Sifa*gwr
þowå0gaoNyD;rS wpfzef jyefí jzpfygao;ovm;}} [k ar;avQmuf&m Ak'ü ]]upöm,e ...
avmuork',Íötw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d}} [líom aemufwpfzef jzpfao;onf[k pJGae&if oifhpdwfrSm
jzpfaeonf? rpJG&if oifhpdwfrSm jzpfí rae[kom tpJGOyg'gefudkjyvsuf tajzay;cJhavonf/
(ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ-22)
rSwfcsuf/ / þt"dyÜm,fonf oDvu©efygVdawmfü ryg? vdrfxm;aom pum;om jzpfonf/
avmuork',Íötw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d? jywfvQifvnf; r½Sd[k oH,kwfygVdawmf
upöm,ea*gwårax&fudk a[maomw&m;ü twdtvif;qdkxm;csuft& Oyg'geftpJGomvQifjzpfaMumif;
½Sif;aeonf/
(Ak'¨0dyóem pmtkyf yxrwJG - 146)
rSwfcsuf/ / þa[mMum;csufvnf; ryg? ]]twdtvif;}}[k a&;jcif;onf &J&JBuD; vdrfjcif; jzpfonf/

tpodkU
(c) Oyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku©? tEkyg'geu©E¨myd eda&m"? (Ak'¨0g'jyoemrsm; pmtkyf-27)

rSwfcsuf/ / þygVdvnf; vkyfxnfhaom ygVdjzpf\/
(*) ed&,H bdu©a0 a'aoómrDwd wH okPmx bdu©a0 ed&,H? obma0 OyÜga'g ed&a,m/
bdu©a0? oHo&mab; vmrnfha&;udk ajrmfawG;axmuf½I tdk ... bdu©KwdkU/ ed&,H? i&Judk/
a'aoómrd? a[maytHh/ wkarS? oifwdkUonf/ okPmx? em;axmifMuukefavm/
obma0? obm0av;yg;ü/ OyÜga'g? tvGef tvdkwPSmw&m;pJGvrf;jcif;onf/ ed&a,m?
ed&,rnf\/
(C) tyg,H bdu©a0 a'aoómrDwd wH okPmx bdu©a0 tyg,H? obma0 OyÜga'g
tyga,m/
(i) t0Dpð bdu©a0 a'aoómrDwd wH okPmx bdu©a0 t0Dpd? obma0 OyÜga'g t0Dpd/
rSwfcsuf/ / þ (*) (C) (i) trSwfyg ygVdtm;vHk;onf bk&m;a[mr[kwfbJ
bk&m;a[mvkyfxnfhxm;aom ygVd rsm;om jzpfonf/
(p) e awe aom bdu©K? ,m0wm bdu©a0 ya&/ 0doH "r®H orm'g,? bdu©K 0kpöwd e
wm0wm/
(q) ,ó ew¬d *[dwH t,H oóawm (Ak'¨½Sifu a[moGm;w,f) ,ó? tMuifyk*¾dKvftm;/
ew¬d? yifudku r½SdwJh w&m;awGudk/ *[dwH? cE¨mudk,frSm t½SdxifNyD; pJGvrf;jcif;onf/
oóawm? oów rnfygay\/
(Z) ,ó ew¬d rkÍödwAÁH t,H Oapäa'g/
,ó yk*¾vó? tMuifyk*¾dKvftm;/ ew¬d? r½SdwJhoabmw&m;udk/ rkÍödwAÁH?
ukefatmifvkyfaew,f/ Oapäa'g? xrif;tiwfcHaew,f? tanmif;cHaew,f?
twåudvrxmEka,m* Oapä' vrf;pOfyJ/
rSwfcsuf/ / txufygpum;wdkUonf bk&m;a[m r[kwfyg? rkom0g'rsm;omwnf;/
(ps) ew¬d udavao y[memwd/ ew¬d udavo? yifudku r½SdwJh udavmomawGudk/ y[memwd?
y,fMuukefavmh/
(n) tZmwm a,0 e Zm,EÅd/ tZmwm a,0? Yifudkur½SdwJh udavomawGudk/ e Zm,EÅd?
rjzpfatmif vkyfMu? yifudku r½SdwJh udavomawGudk rjzpfatmifaejcif;[m eda&m"? 'g
edAÁmef/ (a½Ttbd"r®m &ckdifjynf wdwfacG-bD)
rSwfcsuf/ / þ (ps) (n) yg pum;onf t"r®0g'jzpfaom ausmufoabFm0g'rsdK;jzpfonf/
teufvdrfay; xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

tpodkU
(#) ted,smeduH oræyÜvmayg/

ted,smeduH? oHo&m0#frS xGufajrmufaMumif;r[kwfwJh Zmwf? t|uxm? Ak'¨0if?
a0óEÅ&m ponfudk a[majymjcif;onf/ oræyÜvmayg emr? oræyÜvmy rnf\/
(&ckdif OD;ausmfwifh wdwfacG)
4/ txufyg pum;üyg½Sdaom ygVdteufonf bk&m;a[mr[kwf? ygVdckwHk;vkyfNyD;
y&d,wådomoemudk y,fjcif;om jzpfonf? or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifqdkolwkdY\ pum;rsdK;onfom
oræyÜvmy jzpf½Hkru rdpämpum;rsm; jzpfavonf/ bk&m;a[m ygVdtjzpf a&;om;ajyma[mum ½dk;om;aom
bmom0ifyk*¾dKvfwkdUtm; vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;cJhMuonf/
5/ þodkUqkdvQif OD;Ouú|\ oHa,mifaemufvkduf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D polwdkUonf
bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[mvkyfum t½Sufr½Sd vdrfnma&;om;ajyma[mMuygonf bk&m;/
6/ olwdkUonf wxm*wH tblawe tAÇmpdu©wd-a'oemt& bk&m;½Sifudk
r[kwfrrSefaomtm;jzifh vkyfMuH pGyfpGJMuolrsm;jzpfMu&um; twåmeH cPwd? A[Hk p tyknH yo0wd-
a'oemawmft& rdrdudk,fudk wl;ûzdzsufqD;NyD; tukodkvf w&m;qdk;rsm; wdk;yGm;apolrsm; jzpfMuygonf
bk&m;/
7/ okdUygí olwdkU\ vufjzpfygVdrsm;onf bk&m;a[mygVd r[kwfonfhtjyif
bk&m;a[mygVdESifh ravsmfvnf; ravsmf&um; "r®r[kwf? t"r®rsm;om jzpfaMumif;
½dkaopGmavQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (19)

19/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif 4-oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; jznfhqnf;cJhzl;aom yg&rDawmfrsm;udk
vufrcH½HkrQru Munfñdktm;uszG,f&maumif;aom Ak'¨\jzpfawmfpOf Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk raxrJhjrifûyí
ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum; a&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ uHw&m;udkypfy,fNyD; 31-bHk0g'udk vufrcHMuaom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzJGUom;rsm;ESifhwuG vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\aemufvdkufwdkUonf Ak'¨bk&m;ociftm; omrefvlom;
wpfa,mufxufydkí txifrBuD;Muyg bk&m;/ Ak'üdk Ouú|ESifh wef;wlxm;NyD; av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef;
jznfhqnf;cJhaom yg&rDawmfrsm;udkvnf; olwdkUvufrcHMuyg bk&m;? Ak'¨bk&m;ocif\
Munfñdktm;uszG,f&maumif;aom Ak'¨0iftjzpfawmfrsm;ukdvnf; olwkdUwawG vufrcHMuyg bk&m;?
vufrcH½HkrQru bmomrJh ½kyfMurf;0g' orm;rsm;yDyD Ak'¨0ifudk axmfavmfuefUvefU 0g'jzefUí
ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum; ûyvkyfa&;om;Muygonf bk&m;/
2/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUrS arSmifcdkxkwfa0aom twJG-1? trSwf-4? opöm"r®pmapmif ESm-13
wGif bk&m;ocif\ Ak'¨0ifESifhpyfvsOf;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd tcsufaygif;rsm;pGmwdkUjzifh
apmfapmfum;um; a&;om;xm;ygonf bk&m;? odom½HkrQ aumufEkwfazmfjyygrnf bk&m;/
(u) Ak'¨0ifü Ak'ävmif;vsmod'¨w¬ukrm&rQ rarG;ao;rDuyif xkdewfjA[®mwdkUu 'dAÁpu©K&NyD;
bk&m;avmif; aowauwkewfom;½Sd&m wkodwmewfjynfwGif pka0;í bk&m;tjzpfyGifh&ef
oaE¨,lygrnfhtaMumif; 0dkif;0ef; awmif;yefMuonf [k qdkxm;\? bk&m;avmif;
ewfom;udk,fwdkifu rodaom udpöudk olwdkUu êudwifNyD; bk&m;jzpfrnfholyg[k
odESifhNyD;vkdvkd wpfqifhwpfvHk; wifpD;xm;vdkufMuonf/
[lívnf;aumif;?
rSwfcsuf/ / aowauwkewfom;u rodír[kwf? ]]rodaomudpö}}[k a&;jcif;onf
&rf;jcif;omjzpfonf/
(c) 0dkif;0ef;awmif;yefMuonfqkdaom pum;vHk;um; ao;ao;auG;auG;udpör[kwf?
udk,fhudk,fudk owfao&ef wkdufwGef;Muaom t"dyÜm,fxGuf\? aowauwk
ewfom;uav;crsm wpfzufig;&mESifh ewfpnf;pdrf cHpm;aecGifhyif r&? olwdkU
wkdufwGef;onfhtwdkif; vufuwD;Mum;u acR;,dkpD;um rdIifawGusvsuf pkawcJh&onf
qkd\/
[lívnf;aumif;?
rSwfcsuf/ / þpum;rSm a&;ol\ raemqdk; oabmqdk; ay:ae\/

tpodkU
(*) wzef r,fawmfrm,a'0DxHü oaE¨rSD;rnfhtaMumif; tdyfrufay;cef;zGifhqdk&mürl

ewfom;av; vSvS yytjzpf tdyfrufray;? t[dwfwd&pämef qifBuD;tjzpf tdyfrufay;í
0ifa&muf oaE¨,laponf/
[lívnf;aumif;?
rSwfcsuf/ / avmua&; rvdr®míom qifjzLawmfudk ½Iwfcsa&;om;jcif; jzpfonf/
(C) Ak'¨½Sifawmf\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk tapmfum;qHk;um; o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfyg
ewfokwfaygif;rsm;pGmyif jzpfonf/
[lívnf;aumif;?
(i) ,if; o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf? pmrsufESm-46-wGif ygaom wm,eokwfrSmum; wPSmukefí
bk&m;yif jzpfaeNyD jzpfaom Ak'¨½Sifudkyif wPSmudk jzwfygavmh? udavomumr0w¬KwdkUudk
y,fygavmh ponfjzifh vmíq&mvkyfjyefonf? bk&m;u ewf\w&m;udk emvdkuf&bdokdU
jzpf½HkrQru &[ef;wdkUtm;yif xkdwm,e ewfom;\ a[majymcsuf*gxmudk ydkUcsNyD;
oif,lap&onf[k qdkxm;acsonf/
[lívnf;aumif;?
(p) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf (7)0gajrmufü wm0wðomewfjynfokdU MuGí r,fawmfjzpfcJhaom
oEÅKódw ewfom;udk wpf0gwGif;vHk; w&m;a[mawmfrlonf[k qkd&m0,f
r,fawmfjzpfaom oEÅKódwewfu om;awmf bk&m;½Siftm; wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ
qGrf;auR;onf[k rawGU&/
[lívnf;aumif;?
(q) jrwfpGmbk&m;onfom awmifuRef; ajrmufuRef; taemufuRef;rsm;okdUMuGí
qGrf;cHbkOf;ay;ae&onf[k awGU&aomtcg r,fawmfewfom;onf om;awmfbk&m;½Sif
Ak'ä*gwrudk awmfawmfyif aetm;aepdrfh ½SdawmfrlvSygbd/ (4if;-14?15)
[lívnf;aumif;?
trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk rdpämolykefyDopGm tremy ajymí a0zefykwfcwfxm;ygonf bk&m;/
3/ or®m'd|dokawoetrnfudk cH,lxm;aom vlwef;pm;wdkUonf ½dk;ajzmifhrSefuefaom
Ak'¨bmomrsm; r[kwfaMumif; olwdkU\ twGif;qdk;jzifh a&;om;xm;aompmrsm;u oufaocHvsuf
½Sdygonfbk&m;? olwkdU\ ta&;tom; tajymta[m rsm;onf Zmwfodrf;oGm;MuNyDjzpfaom yJcl;½dk;ray:rS
awmcdkuGefjrLepfrsm;\ tajymtqdkESifh wpfxyfwnf; cRwfpGyfwlaeygonf bk&m;? odkUjzpfí

tpodkU
or®m'd|dokawoeq&mwkdUonf Ak'¨bmomudk yl;owfpepfjzifh zsufqD;aeMuaom t"r®0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif;

aocsmygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m; -

4/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU\ udk,fyGm; udk,fpm;jzpfaom&ckdifjynfe,frS a½Ttbd"r®mtrnfcH
or®m'd|dokawoe vl&rf;um;wkdUuvnf; ol\q&mBuD;rsm;enf;wl Ak'¨0ifudk atmufygtwkdif;
jyuf&,fûyí apmfum;Mujyefygonf bk&m;/
(Z) a*gwrtavmif;tvsmu BuD;us,faom tHhzG,frsm;udkjycJhonf[k Zmwfawmf
ig;&mig;q,fwGif a&;om;xm;ygvsuf usefao;onfqdkaom t&darawå,stavmif;rSm
,aeUwdkif rnfonfhtHhzG,fudkrQ jyonf[lí þurÇmay:rSm rawGU&jcif;rSm
t&darawå,s[lí rusefíavm? a*gwravmif; jycJhonfqkdaom Zmwfawmf
ig;&mig;q,fpmrSm '@m&Davm? pOf;pm;a0zef&ef rvdkbl;avm/
(a½Ttbd"r®maMujimcsuf trSwf-5)
(ps) anmifwpfyifrSm trnfrodolwpfOD;u ay;vdkufí r,fawmfrm,mwGif od'¨w¬udk
oaE¨&onf[kqkdaom Ak'¨0ifusrf;pmt& qkdol vGefovm;? Ak'¨0ifudk a&;ol vGefovm;/
(a½Ttbd"r®maMujimcsuf -47)
(n) bk&m;avmif; aowauwkewfom;tm; ewfjA[®mtaygif;wkdUu awmif;yefí
r,fawmfrm,m\ 0rf;wdkufxJ0if&onf[k qkdaom Ak'¨0ifusrf;pmt& rSefygu
oka'¨g'eudk zcift&if;r[kwf[k qkdvQif qdkol rSm;rnfvm;/
(a½Ttbd"r®maMujimcsuf -75)
(#) bk&m;tavmif;zGm;jrifaomtcg tusdK;tuef;rSpí 'ku©dwtm;vHk; yuwdtaumif;
jzpfaeMuonf? ewfjynf i&JjynfwkdUudkyif [if;vif;jrifMuonf[k Ak'¨0ifrSm yg½Sdygvsuf
þurÇmYordkif;wGif rawGUjrif& jcif;rSm Ak'¨0ifusrf;u rrSefíavm? ordkif;q&mwkdUu
rodvdkufMuíavm/ (a½Ttbd"r®maMujimcsuf -76)
5/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUom;rsm;ESifh xdktzJGU\avmif;&dyfudk trdcHae&aom bmomrJh
½kyfMurf;0g'orm;wdkU\ ta&;tom; tajymta[mrsm;onf Ak'¨bk&m;ocif\ yg&rDawmfrsm;ESifh
Ak'¨tjzpfawmfrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;aom Ak'¨0ifudk ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum;xm;ygí
t"r®0g'oufoufomjzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfay;yg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (20)

20/ ax&0g'vm oH*g,em 6-wefudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif a[majymaqG;aEG; a&;om;xdk;ESufvsuf
omoemzsufvkyf&yfrsm; vkyfudkifaeMurIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ bk&m;wynfhawmfwkdU\ Ak'¨jrwfpGmomoemawmfwGif ,aeUtxd q&mpOfquf
yk'fygXfrysuf&atmif xdef;odrf; apmifha½SmufcJhMuaom ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk qVbdn y#dorÇd'gywå
wdyd#u"& jzpfawmfrlMuukefaom t½Sifr[muóy paom rax&fjrwfBuD;rsm; udk,fwkdif
BuD;Muyfokwfoifí oH*g,em wifxm;cJhMuygonf bk&m;/
2/ oH*g,emwifrIudpöonf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,muf wpfzJGUtaejzifh Budwf0kdif;vkyfí
&paumif;aom udpö r[kwfygbk&m;? oH*g,emwiforkdif;udk tûyoabmjzifh ½dk;½dk;om;om;
MunfhMurnfqkdvQif nDñGwfpkpnf;í yd#uwå,aqu yd#uwå0d'l jzpfawmfrlMuukefaom vufa½G;pif
rax&fjrwfBuD;wdkU OD;pD;OD;aqmifûyí omoemûyrif;rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxk\ yHydk;ulnDrIudk&,lum
vlod½SifMum;ûyvkyfcJhaom oH*g,em 6-wefjzpfonfudk awGU&rnf jzpfygonf bk&m;/

3/ vlaovljzpf0g' OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;0g'udk toufoGif;ay;vsuf ½SdMuaom
or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifrsm;ESifh oHa,mifaemufvkdufwkdU\ oH*g,em 6-wefESifh ywfoufí rrSefruef
a0zefa&;om;vsuf omoemzsufqD;aeMuyHkudk oufaotaxmuftxm;tjzpf tjrGufrQ
wifjyavQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm (118)ESifh tpJGûywf wJukyfa½Teef;awmf pmtkyf? pmrsufESm (68-
69)wkdUwGif -
]]olwdkYonf rdrdwdkUESifh oufqkdif&m rkcygXfawmfrsm;udk oH*g,em txyfxyfwifjcif;jzifh
rGrf;rHjyifqif&ef êud;yrf;cJhMuukefNyD? 'gayr,fvdkU xdkxdkoH*g,emwifyJGwdkUudk t,lonf;acgif;rmol
wpf,loef yk*¾dKvfxl;BuD;rsm;u BuD;pdk;vTrf;rdk;vsuf aewJhtjyif trSm;udkjyifqif&ef? xnfhygXfudk
Ekwfy,fypf&ef(0g)ydkzsuf vdkpGufûyvkyf&ef pGrf;&nfowåd olwdkUrSm tjynfhtpHk r½Sdjcif;aMumifh
olwdkU\êud;yrf;rIrsm;onf pdwful;tqifhüom pkawcJhMu&avNyD}}
[lívnf;aumif;?
tpJGûywf wJukwfa½Teef;awmf pmtkyf? pmrsufESm 138-139-wGif
rnfrQxl;cRefaom yk*¾dKvfrSeforQ bk&m;pmayudk jyifqifrGrf;rH&efjzpfap? odkUr[kwf
xyfrHjznfhpGuf&efjzpfap rpGefUpm;cJhzl;acs? tu,fí &J&J0Hh0HhESifh pGefUpm;ûypkapumrl atmifjrif&ef

tpodkU
vrf;pum; tjrJwap ydwfvsufom aeacsrnf? tb,faMumifhenf;? bmomtoD;oD;qkdif&m

bmom0efaqmif yk*¾dKvfBuD;wdkUonf renf;aom(0g)BuD;rm;vSaom o'¨g apwem vHkUv
0D&d,wdkUjzifh oufqdkif&m bk&m;pmayrsm;udk rl&if;rysuf tqufqufwnfjrJjzpfap&ef
twefwefaom oH*g,em wifjcif;wkdUjzifh pnf;owfapmifhxdef;cJhaomaMumifh jzpfonf? okdUjzpf&m
bk&m;pmaywkdUonf 'Hk&if;twkdif;om wnfjrJ aeukef\/
[lívnf;aumif; a&;om;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
þta&;tom;rsm;onf oH*g,em 6-wefudk todtrSwfrûyvdkjcif;? OD;pD;acgif;aqmif
rax&fBuD;rsm;tm; t,lonf; acgif;rmol wpf,loef yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;[k pGyfpJGuJh&JU ykwfcwfjcif;jzpfí
oH*g,em 6-wefudk jyuf&,fûyaMumif; xif&Sm;ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmft½Sifjrwfrsm; bk&m;/

4/ 1330-ck ewfawmfvqef; 15-&uf aeUpJGjzifhxkwfjyefxm;aom a';'&JûrdU?
uGif;ausmif;wdkuf? yÍöedum,okawoDtzJGUrS xkwfa0jzefUjzL;aom Ak'ömoemordkif; pmapmif pmrsufESm
15-wGif -
þ q|oH*g,emonfvnf; oH*g,emwifonf[laom trnfrQomjzpf\? trSeftm;jzifh
yÍöroH*g,emu pmaytwkdif; jyefvnftwnfûyjcif;omjzpfav&m twå? twåed,ESifh
qufEG,fxm;aom jAm[®Pvuf&mrsm;udk ûyjyif y,fzsufjcif;um; r[kwfacs? odkUjzpf&m
wrvGefarQmf oów0g'rSm AdkvfusjrJ usaeqJyif &Sdaeonf/
[lí a&;om;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
þta&;tom;onf jrefrmEkdifiHtygt0if ax&0g'EkdifiHrsm; wnDwñGwfwnf;
pkaygif;ûyvkyftyfaom q|oH*g,emudk twdtvif; ykwfcwfxm;jcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;? Ouú|0g'DwkdUu
olwkdUvkyfcsifwkdif; rvkyf&í q|oH*g,emudk todtrSwf rûyaMumif; a<u;aMumfvkdufjcif;yif
jzpfygonfbk&m;/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmft½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;/

5/ OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\taygif;toif; aemufvdkufaemufygwkdUonf ax&0g'q&mpOfquf
tckdiftrmwifcJhaom oH*g,em 6-wefudk todtrSwfrûy? vufcHrIr½Sdonfhtjyif ]]yÍöedum, "r®omupäm}}
trnfjzifh a';'&JûrdUwGif (3)Budrf wkdifwdkif qefUusifbufrsm; ûyvkyfvsuf ¤if;wdkU\0g'udk
xlaxmifMuygonf bk&m;/
6/ ,if;aqG;aEG;yJGrsm;udk OD;Ouú|u OD;pD;acgif;aqmifûyí OD;OaZÆmwduu
vufcHusif;yygonf? ¤if;wdkU\ vlao vljzpf0g'ESifh rudkufnDaom yd#uwfrsm;udk [dE´LjAm[®P[laom

tpodkU
pGyfpJGcsufjzifh y,fxkwfypfygonf bk&m;? oH*g,em 6-wefudk tHwkzufûydifaomtaejzifh

ckdifrmaomausmufwdkifBuD;wpfckudkvnf; a';'&JûrdU? uGif;ausmif;wGif pdkufxlxm;ygonf bk&m;?
¤if;wdkU\0g'rsm;udkvnf; ausmufwkdifwGif av;bufav;wef urÁnf;pmwrf;xdk;í xm;ygonf bk&m;?
,if;ausmufwkdifudk vlaovljzpfq&mBuD; OD;Ouú|tm; *kPfûyaomtm;jzifh 1340-ck?
ewfawmfvqkwf(11)&uf? 1978-ck? 'DZifbmv(25)&uf? we*FaEGaeU? nae(3)em&DwdwdtcsdefwGif
pdkufxljcif;jzpfygonf/ xdkaeUrSm OD;Ouú|\ ½kyfuvmyfudk psmyeûyvkyfonfhaeUESifhwdkufí
wrifûyvkyfaMumif; od&ygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmft½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;/

7/ OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\taygif;toif; a&mif;&if;jzpfMuukefaom OD;OaZÆmwdutygt0if
&[ef;½SifvlwkdUonf a½S;,cifu wifcJhNyD;aom oH*g,em 6-weftay: tb,frQ rausreyfjzpfNyD;
rSm;,Gif;pGmoHk;oyfxm;yHkudk ]]edum,f\ edum,fordkif; ausmufwkdif}} rS pmwpfyk'fudk xkwfEkwfMunfhvQif
odEkdifygonf bk&m;/
wwd,oH*g,emwifyJGü yd#uoHk;yHk[lí jzpfvmonfrSm ½Sifarm*¾vdykwåwdórax&fonf
ola&;xm;aom uxm0w¬Kusrf;udk xnfhvdkí tbd"r®m 7-usrf;[k wifoGif;
oH*g,emwifcJhMu[ef ½Sdavonf/
þwwd,oH*g,emü tûydif[lí xif½Sm;wif&ef taMumif; ray:aygufawmhacs?
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf taomurif;BuD;u tuJGuJGaom oHCmrsm;\ tvkdokdUvdkufí
trsm;êudufjzpfap&ef pkaygif;NyD; wifvkdufaomaMumifh jzpfonf? yd#uwfrSm þoH*g,emrSpí
jAm[®Pa[mESifh Ak'ä[mwkdU twdtvif; w&m;0if a&maxG;vmawmh\? ax&0g'*dkPf;wkdUu
rauseyfaomfvnf; rif;\tmPmudk rqefUusifvkdojzifh vkdufavsmcJh&\? þtrSm;\'Pfudk
tpOftquf omoemordkif;wpfavQmuf tarGcHcJh&\/
(edum,f\edum,fordkif;ausmufwkdif½Sd taemufbufrsufESmrS-pm)
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmft½Sifjrwfrsm; bk&m;/

8/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ tarGtESpfudk Nrdef&nf,Suf&nf cH,lMuukefaom
&[ef;&SifvltcsdKUESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifwkdUonf ¤if;wdkU\oabmESifh rwdkufqdkifaom
yd#uwfrsm;udk [dE´LjAm[®P0g'[k pGyfpGJum trsdK;rsdK; ypfy,favh ½SdMuygonf bk&m;/
9/ Ak'¨bmom&[ef;awmfrsm;udk,fwkdif zGifhqdka&;om;xm;aom ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfvm
oH*g,emordkif;udk ypfy,fí aemufrSay:aom vlrsdK;jcm; bmomjcm;wkdU\ t*FvdyfrSwfwrf;rsm;udkMunfhum
oH*g,emwif ordkif;aMumif;udk trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif; a&;om;jzefYjzL;vsuf ½SdMuygonf bk&m;? a';'&JûrdU?

tpodkU
uGif;ausmif;wdkuf? yÍöedum, okawoDtzJGUrS 1330-ck? ewfawmfvqef; 15-&ufaeU xkwfjyefaom

]]Ak'ömoemorkdif;}}ESifh ]]edum,f\ edum,f}} pmtkyfwGif oH*g,emorkdif;aMumif;udk ax&0g'yd#uwfESifh
qefUusifpGm azmfjyxm;onfudk twdtvif;awGU½SdEkdifygonf bk&m;/
10/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyf\ twGif;a&;rª;jzpfaom OD;udkudkav;uvnf; oH*g,emwif
orkdif;aMumif;udk vJGrSm;pGm a[majymcJhygonf bk&m;/
(1) yxroH*g,emwif/ / "r®eJU0de,yJ wifw,f? tbd"r®m 7-usrf; rygbl;/ ygVdeJUvJ
wifwmr[kwfbl;? ygVdvJ ray:ao;bl;? pmeJUvJ wifwm r[kwfbl;/
(2) 'kwd,oH*g,emwif/ / "r®eJU0de,yJ wifw,f? tm*Hk½GwfqkdMuw,f? pmeJUvJ wifwm
r[kwfbl;? ygVdvJ ray:ao;bl;? tbd"r®m 7-usrf;vJ rygao;bl;/
tcsdefrukefatmif tenf;i,f aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf bk&m;/
(3) wwd,oH*g,emwif/ / "r®eJU0de,yJ wifw,f? pmeJUvJ wifwm r[kwfbl;? tbd"r®m
7-usrf;vJ rygao;bl;? ygVdvJ ray:ao;bl;? tJ'DrSm uRefawmfwdkU Munfh&r,f? tbd"r®m
7-usrf;? 6-usrf;uawmh aemufrSay:wm? uxm0w¬K aemufrS ay:wm/ y /
(4) bk&m;ocif y&dedAÁmefpHNyD; 497-ESpftMum oD[kdVf 'k|*grPdrif;vufxufrSm
pwkw¬oH*g,emudk oD[kdVfbmomeJU ayxuftu©&mwifygw,f? tJ'Dtxd tbd"r®m 7-
usrf; rygao;bl;? "r®eJU0de,yJ wifygw,f? ayxuf tu©&mwifygw,f? ygVdvJ
ray:ao;bl;/
(or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyf twGif;a&;rª; OD;udkudkav; a[majymcsuf ]]oH*g,emwiforkdif;}}
wdwfacGtrSwf 12 - at-buf rsufESmrS)
pwkw¬oH*g,emwifonfyifvQif a½S;OD;pGm oD[kdVfbmomjzifh ayxuftu©&mwifí
aemufrS ygVdbmomudk jyefqkd a&;om;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/
(Ak'¨0g' tajccHoifwef;? oifwef;trSwf 1-ESm 70)

11/ vlaovljzpfq&mBuD;\ wynfhrsm;jzpfMuaom or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifrsm;ESifh a';'&J?
yÍöedum, "r®omupäm trnfcH yk*¾dKvfwpfpkwdkUonf tvGef tm&JvQm&J EkdifvSygonf bk&m;? ¤if;wdkUonf
Ak'¨bk&m;½Siftm; (ygVdrwwf)[lí ajymqkdMuonfhtjyif Ak'¨rwñl usrf;ûytausmf t½Sifr[m
Ak'äCmoudkvnf; trsdK;rsdK;yif tremy ajymí a0zefuJh&JU Muygonf bk&m;/
12/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyf twGif;a&;rª; OD;udkudkav;\ a[majymcsufjzpfaom
]]oH*g,emwiforkdif;}} wdwfacGtrSwf 12-at-buf rsufESmwGif-

tpodkU
]]ygVdqdkwJh pum;vHk;av;ay:wmeJU uRefawmfwdkU Ak'¨bk&m;ocifeJU[m ESpfaygif;(754) ESpf

uGmygw,f? EdkU 'gjzifh bk&m; bm bmomeJU a[movJ? r*"rfvdkUac:wJh rm*"bmomeJU
a[mygw,f/ y/ [dE´L&,f? ouúw&,f? jymu½dkuf&,f? rm*" &,f 4-ckaygif;NyD; arG;zGm;vmwJh
OaZÆeDjynfoHk; pum;uae qef;opfxm;wJh ygVd? at'D (81)ck ay:ygw,f? oD&dudwåd oD&dZ,srif;
vufxufrSm ygVday:ygw,f? ygVdawmfBuD; bk&m;a[mvkyfMuw,f? trSefuawmh
uRefawmfwdkUbk&m; ygVd rwwfygbl;}}
[lí a[majymygonf bk&m;? þodkUa[majymjcif;rSm oAÁñkwÓPfudk apmfum;jcif;yif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
13/ a';'&JûrdU? uGif;ausmif;wkduf? yÍöedum,okawoDtzJGUrS xkwfa0jzefUjzL;aom
]]Ak'ömoemorkdif;}} pmrsufESm 9-10 wGif t½Sifr[mAk'äCmotm; atmufygtwkdif;
a0zefykwfcwfxm;ygonf bk&m;/
Armjynf rlvAk'ömoemwGif oD[kdVf Ak'äCmowkdU\ t,ltqrsm;u
vTrf;rdk;vmavawmhonf? xdkrSaemufykdif; Armjynf Ak'ömoemonf Ak'äCmoomoem\
atmufwGif arS;rSdefoGm;jcif; cH&avonf? Ak'¨\ opömav;yg;tajccH tewå0g'BuD;onf
twåa'oemrsm;\ ta&mt,SufcH&\? Ak'¨\ tEkyg'ge vrf;pOfonf 0#foHk;yg;udk jyefvSnfhaom
Oyg'gefvrf;pOftjzpfodkU ajymif;jyefOD;vSnfhvmawmh\/

14/ vlaovljzpfq&mBuD; wynfhwpfodkufonf ¤if;wdkUtvkdqE´rudkufnDaom yd#uwfudk
roefU½Sif; rpifMu,f rjywfom;yg[k ajymqkda&;om;MuNyD; ¤if;wdkUpdwfêudufawGUaom yd#uwfrsm;udkom
oefU½Sif;onf pifMu,fonf jywfom;onf[k twå'd|dorm;rsm; yDopGm [pfatmfa<u;aMumfaeMuygonf
bk&m;? or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUrS xkwfa0aom twJG(1) trSwfpOf (5) opöm"r®a&;&m pmapmif
acgif;BuD;ydkif;wGif -
,aeYAk'¨0g'Davmuonf rlv Ak'¨½Sifawmf\ qHk;rcsuf omoemawmfESifh ajzmifhajzmifhBuD;
qefUusifaom tmoa0gw&m; e,fwGif;w&m;wdkUudkom avhvmvdkufpm;aeMuonf? uH uH\
taMumif;tusdK; uGif;quf oHo&mwGif;üom aysmfarGUESpfodrfh aeMuavonf? þum;
tjcm;r[kwf? ,aeU yd#uwf\ roefU½Sif; rpifMu,f rjywfom;rIwkdUaMumifhyif jzpfavonf/
,ckrl 1975-ck? rwfv(28)&ufaeUrSpí arv(10)&uftxd &ufaygif; 40-ausmfrQjzifh
edum,fig;&yf wnf;jzwf okwfoifawmfrlMuaom a';'&JyÍöedum, "r®omupämobif qif,ifí
NyD;ajrmufNyD jzpfav&m a½SUtzdkU tem*wfomoemtwGuf pifMu,foefU½Sif;í
tmoa0gw&m;pkrSvGwfaom Ak'¨\ tmabm* "r®rSeftwdkif;om vufcHMu&awmhrnfjzpfaMumif;
aMunmvdkuf&ayonf/

tpodkU
[lí a&;om;xm;ygonf bk&m;/

a';'&J? "r®omupämtzJGU\ ]]edum,f\ edum,f}}rsm;rSm vlaovljzpfq&mBuD;ESifh
or®m'd|dokawoeacgif;aqmifydkif;wkdU tvkdus xkwfjyefxm;aom (ûzwf? xkwf? y,f) wpfydkif;aMumif
edum,frsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

15/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ax&0g'omoemawmfBuD;udk vlaovljzpf0g'udk vufudkifxm;Muaom
or®m'd|dokawoetzJGU0ifrsm;ESifh oHa,mifaemufvkduform;rsm;u pmapmif? pmtkyf? wdwfacG? aqG;aEG;yJG?
a[majymyJG paom enf;trsdK;rsdK;wkdUjzifh zsufqD;vsuf ½SdMuygonf bk&m;/ ¤if;wkdU\ tûytrl
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf omoemawmftwGuf tvGeftEÅ&m,f BuD;rm;vSygonf bk&m;? ¤if;wdkU\
ta&;tom;? ta[mtajym? tûytrltm;vHk;onf bmom omoemudk tEÅ&m,fay;rnfh tqdyfa&oifhaom
tqdyfyef;rsm; "r®EÅ&m,frsm;omjzpfí "r®rrD? t"r®0g'? t"r®0g'Drsm;omjzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfawmfrlEkdif&ef
½kdaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
apm'em trSwf (21)

21/ oH*g,em 6-wefwifNyD; bk&m;a[mygVdawmftrSefrsm;udk vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh rudkufnDygu
bk&m;a[m r[kwf[lívnf;aumif;? [dE´LjAm[®P0g' [lívnf;aumif;? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;
tjrifrSm;atmif vSnfhpm; vdrfnmí 0g'jzefUjcif;ESihf ywfoufaom apm'emcsufyg bk&m;?
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -
1/ vlaovljzpfOD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\aemufvdkufrsm;jzpfMuukefaomf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D
paom vlwpfpkwdkUonf vnf;aumif;? OD;Ouú|ESifh 0g'wljzpfMuukefaom bufawmfom;
ouFef;0wfrsm;onf vnf;aumif;? ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfrS ygVdawmfrsm;udk olwdkU\vlaovljzpf
t"r®½kyf0g'ESifh rudkufnDonfhtwGuf bk&m;a[mr[kwf [lí vnf;aumif;? [dE´LjAm[®P0g'awG
a&maeonf[lívnf;aumif;? trsdK;rsdK;pGyfpJGNyD; ûzwfxkwfEkwfy,fjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk twifh&JpGm
ûyvkyfvsuf ½SdMuygNyD bk&m;/
2/ vufawGUrsufawGU ¤if;wdkU\vkyf&yfrsm;udk ,ckwifjyygrnf bk&m;? OD;Ouú|u
r[mem,uvkyfí a';'&J OD;OaZÆmwdu u plVem,uvkyfNyD; olwdkUpdwfêuduf jyifqifwnf;jzwf
xkwfa0aom ]]edum,f\ edum,f}} trnf&Sd pmtkyfwGif bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;pGmudk
twdtvif;xkwfy,fxm;ygNyD bk&m;? ,ck xdkpmtkyfudk þ½Hk;awmfokdU oufaocHypönf;tjzpf
wynfhawmfrsm; qufuyfxm;NyDjzpfí aocsmpGm ppfaq;awmfrlyg bk&m;/
(u) edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyfwGif 'DCedum,f? jA[®Zmvokwfudk bmomjyefqkd&mü
tjynfhtpHk rjyefqdkonfhtjyif rkom0g'odu©myk'fESifh z½ko0gpmodu©myk'frsm;udk
wrifûzwfí xm;cJhygonf bk&m;? (oDvu©efygVdawmf? pmrsufESm 4-ESifh edum,f\
edum,fpmtkyf? pmrsufESm 41-udk wdkufqkdifMunfhyg bk&m;)? þodkUûzwfxm;jcif;rSm
oabm½dk; r[kwfyg bk&m;/
(c) 'DCedum,f? jA[®Zmvokwf? {upöoów0g'udk bmomjyefqkd&mü (xdkowå0gwkdUonf
tmbó&bHkü psmefpdwfaMumifh jzpfukef\/ yDwd[laom tpm½Sdukef\? rdrdudk,fydkif
ta&miftvif; ½Sdukef\? aumif;uifü oGm;vmEkdifukef\? wifhw,faom O,smOf Adrmef
ya'omyif ½Sdukef\? r[muyf ½SpfurÇmywfvHk; wnfukef\/) aw ww¬ a[mEÅd
raemr,m yDwdbu©m o,Hybm tEÅvdu©p&m okb|m,daem pd&H 'DCr'¨geH - [laom
ygVdawmfudk ûzwfxm;cJhygonf bk&m;/ (oDvu©ef ygVdawmf? q|rl pmrsufESm 16-ESifh
edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyf? pmrsufESm 44- udk wkdifqkdifíMunfhawmfrlyg bk&m;/)

tpodkU

3/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| OD;pD;í plVem,u OD;OaZÆmwdu acgif;aqmifwnf;jzwfaom a';'&J?
yÍöedum, "r®omupämtzJGUom;rsm;onf bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk ¤if;wdkU\0g'ESifh rukdufvQif
twHk;vdkuf twpfvkduf ûzwfypfavh½Sdygonf bk&m;/ ûzwfypfygonf bk&m;/
(*) edum,f\ edum,f pmtkyfwGif omrnzvokwfudk bmomjyefqkd&mü oDvu©efygVdawmf?
pmrsufESm 73-rS 79-txd pmrsufESm 6-rsufESmwdwd vHk;0ûzwfy,fí jyefqkdxm;ygonf
bk&m;? xkd ûzwfxm;aompmrsm;ü raemr,d'¨dÓPf? £'¨d0d"ÓPf? 'dAÁaomwÓPf?
apawmy&d,ÓPf? ykaAÁed0goÓPf? 'dAÁpu©KÓPfwkdUudk jyqdkxm;onfh bk&m;a[m
ygVdawmfawG wpfvHk;rusef ûzwfypfygonf bk&m;? todÓPfudk olwdkU vufrcHMuyg
bk&m;/
(C) au0¥okwfudk bmomjyefqdk&mü ,m0 jA[®avmumyd uma,e 0oH 0awåwd=
jA[®mhjynfwkdifatmifvnf; udk,fjzifh tvkdudk jzpfap\ [laom ygVdudk ]]edum,f\
edum,f}}pmtkyfü vHk;0ûzwfíbmomjyefygonf bk&m;? (edum,f\ edum,f pmtkyf?
pmrsufESm 66-ESifh oDvu©efygVd? au0¥okwf? pmrsufESm 206-udk wkdufqkdifMunfhawmfrlyg
bk&m;) jA[®avmum=jA[®mjynfrS [laom a0g[m&udk rsufrkef;usdK; aeyHk &ygonf
bk&m;/

4/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ae&mwum okawoevkyfcsifMuaom ol\aemufvkduf
ouFef;0wfwpfpk vlwpfpkwkdUonf jA[®mudkom rkef;onf r[kwf? wm0wðom paom ewfrsm;udkvnf;
olwdkU0g'ESifhrudkufí ygVdawmfxJrS xkwfy,fvkdufMuygonf bk&m;/
(i) edum,f\ edum,f pmtkyfwGif au0¥okwfudk bmomjyefqdk&mü oDvu©efygVdawmf?
pmrsufESm 208-rS 213-txd blweda&ma"ubdu©K0w¬K=r[mbkwf½kyfwkdU\
csKyfNidrf;&mudk½Smaom &[ef;0w¬K wpfyk'fvHk;udk wpfckrusef ûzwfxm;Muygonf bk&m;?
,if;tcef;wGif wm0wðom paom ewfwdkU\ taMumif;rsm; ygaeí 31-bHky,faom
¤if;wdkU\0g'ESifh rudkufaomaMumifh ûzwfypfMuygonfbk&m;/
(edum,f\ edum,f pmrsufESm 66-67-ESifh oDvu©efygVdawmf au0¥okwfudk wkdufqkdif Munfhawmfrlyg
bk&m;/)

tpodkU

5/ a';'&J? yÍöedum, "r®omupämtrnfwyfxm;aom OD;Ouú|0g'DwkdUonf
bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk ûzwfcsif wkdif; ûzwf? y,fcsifwdkif; y,faeMuygonf bk&m;/
or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUom;rsm; êudufvSygonfqkdaom auorkwådokwf (umvmrokwf)udkyif
olwdkUvkdcsif&muGufí bmomjyefqkdxm;ygonf bk&m;? tjynfhtpHkjyef&rnfudk olwkdU tvGef
vuf½GHUMuygonf bk&m;/
(p) edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyfwGif auorkwådokwfudk bmomjyefazmfjy&mü jA[®pdk&fw&m;
av;yg;udk azmfjyaom ygVdawmfrsm;udk wpfyk'fvHk;ûzwfí bmomjyefqkdMuygonf bk&m;/
(edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyf pmrsufESm 184-185ESifh t*Fkwå&edum,f? wduedygwfygVdawmf
192-udk wkdufqkdifí Munfhawmfrlyg bk&m;/)
6/ jA[®pdk&fw&m; cef;ajcmufolrsm;yDyD auorkwådokwfudk bmomjyefqkd&mü arwåm? u½kPm?
rk'dwm? Oayu©m[k qkdtyfaom jA[®pdk&fw&m; av;yg;taMumif;udkrS wrifuGufí csefvkdufjcif;onf
½kyf0g'Dtppfrsm;jzpfaMumif; olwkdUudk,f olwdkU 0efcHxm;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m; -

vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| OD;pD;í wnf;jzwfokwfoifxm;aom ]]edum,f\ edum,f}} wkdUwGif
olwkdUtkyfpk tvGefêuduf ESpfoufvSygonfqkdaom auorkwådokwfudkyif vkd&muGufí rvdk&mudkzsufNyD;
bmomjyefxm;ao;&m tjcm;yd#uwfawmfrsm;ukdrl tb,frQavmuf ûzwfxkwf ypfy,fxm;rnfqkdonfudk
pOf;pm;&efyif rvkdawmhygbk&m;? ,ck ½Hk;awmfokdU oufaocHtjzpf wifjyxm;aom edum,f\
edum,fpmtkyfudk tjyefjyeftvSefvSef oHk;oyfí trSm;trSef qHk;jzwfawmfrlyg bk&m;/
7/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ tarGtESpfudk qufcHxm;aom awmifwGif;BuD; ewfrSD
OD;qE´m"du\ yd#uwfy,fyHk t,ltqudkvnf; axmufjyyg&ap bk&m;/
twJG-1? trSwf-5? opöm"r®a&;&m (arSmifckd) pmapmif ESm-2-wGif
(q) ax&0g'udk yxroH*g,emwifpOfu 0de,ESifh"r®[líom jzpfonf? wpfenf;tm;jzifh
yd#uwf 2-yHk[líom rSwf&\/
(Z) edum,fav;&yfomvQif yxroH*g,emwGif xif½Sm;ap\? ck'úedum,frSm
bk&m;ESifhtvGefuGmvSrf;aom oD[kdVf pwkw¬oH*g,emwGifrS ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfonf/
þokdUqkdxm;jcif;aMumifh tbd"r®myd#utygt0if ck'úedum,fudk bk&m;a[mtjzpf vufrcHjcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
8/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUrSxkwfa0aom Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef;? oifwef;trSwfpOf (1)

pmrsufESm 72-wGif -
(ps) ck'úedum,frSm txufyg edum,fav;&yf ay:NyD;aemuf umvtwefMumNyD;rS
xGufay:vmaom usrf;pmrsm;udk pkaygif;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/
[kqkdxm;ygonf/
ck'úedum,f? usrf;pm&if; 20-[k jyqkdxm;NyD;? ,if; 20-wGif -
(19) bdu©KygwdarmufESifh
(20) bdu©KeDygwdarmuf -
[k azmfjyxm;ygonf? bdu©KygwdarmufESifh bdu©KeDygwdarmufudk 0denf;ygVdawmfüyg0ifonf
qkdwmavmufudkrS rodjcif;rSm tvGef ½SufzG,f? &,fzG,faumif;vSygonf bk&m;? OD;qE´m"duESifhwuG
or®m'd|dokawoeqdkolrsm;onf ck'úedum,fudk y,fvkdufjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf pmtkyf 40-
½Sdonfhteuf edum,fBuD;av;&yfwGif yg0ifaom ygVdawmf pmtkyf 12-tkyfudkom uGuf,lovdk
jzpfaeygonf bk&m;? ,if;edum,fBuD; 4-&yfudkvnf; tm;vHk;vufcHjcif; r[kwfbJ ½kyf0g'ESifhrudkufaom
tcsdKUygVdawmfrsm;udk [dE´LjAm[®P0g'[laom yk'frwyfNyD; z,fxkwfypfMuonfrSmvnf; ukefoavmuf
jzpfaeygNyD bk&m;/
9/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\ aemufvdkufyk*¾dKvfwkdUonf olwdkU0g'ESifh rudkufnDaom
ax&0g'yd#uwf&Sd ygVdawmfrsm;ukd yxrwGif enf;enf;ûzwfí prf;MunfhMuygonf bk&m;?
aemufwpfzeftwifh&Jí ygVdawmftrsm;pkudk ûzwfMu xkwfMu y,fMu ypfMu &p&mr½Sdatmif
vkyfypfMuygonf bk&m;? OD;Ouú|\wynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqkdifurl "r®pMum? tewåvu©P? y#dpöorkyÜg'f -
þokwfoHk;ckuvJGvQif usefyd#uwfrsm;udk rD;½dIUypfcsifonftxd rsufrkef;usdK;aeygonf bk&m;/
10/ ]]vufa½G;pifoD;oefU yd#uwfawmf aumufEkwfcsufrsm;}} trnf½Sd pmtkyf pmrsufESm 3-
wGif ocifjrwfqkdifu bk&m;a[m yd#uwfygVdawmfrsm;udk ûzwfxkwfypfy,fa&;twGuf atmufygtwdkif;
êuH;0g;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
(n) yd#uwfawmf[lí ac:qkdMu&mü okwfta&twGuf pkpkaygif; (34888) ausmf½Sdonf?
,if;txJü rkd;ay: vufñdI;xkd;íajr§muf? ajrBuD;xJudk ñTefíajcmuf paom okwfrsm;wkdUudk
tukefvHk; rD;avmifukefukef? wpfokwfwavrQyif rusefusef? þ,ckoHk;okwf ("r®pMum?
tewåvu©P? y#dpöorkyÜg'f) wnf;omvQif usefvQif omoemawmf rnfonfhtcgrQ
rysufEkdifacs-
[lí jyif;jyif;xefxef êuH;0g;xm;ygNyD bk&m;/

tpodkU
11/ OD;Ouú|\ om0ursm;jzpfMuukefaom ocifjrwfqkdifESifhwuG or®m'd|dokawoe

qdkolwkdUonf "r®pMum? tewåvu©P? y#dpöorkyÜg'f þokwfoHk;rsdK;udkom olwdkUvufcHcsifMuonf
qkdaomfvnf; ¤if;w&m;awmfrsm;udk vufawGUusifhoHk;&ef r[kwfbJ toHaumif;[pfEkdif&eftwGufom
aemufwpfqifh ûzwf&eftwGufom csefxm;jcif; jzpfEkdifygonf bk&m;? tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf ¤if;wdkU\
um,uH 0pDuH raemuHwkdUonf xdkbk&m;a[m okwfoHk;okwfvm tqHk;tr wnf½Sdonfh t&dyfta&mifrQyif
rawGU&aomaMumifh jzpfygonf bk&m;? xkdUaMumifhyif usef bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk olwdkU\ Murf;aom
yg;pyf? &rf;aom uavmifwkdUjzifh rD;½dIUzsufqD;vsuf aeMuNyDudk rsuf0g;xifxif awGUjrifMu&ygNyD bk&m;?
omoemtay: þrQ ûid;rmefyGm;aeaom ½kyfMurf;0g'D tmCmworm;wkdU\ ]]yd#uwfy,f 0g'qkd;}}onf
rûyoifh rûyxkduf rvkyfoifh rvkyfxkdufaom udpörsdK;jzpfí t"r®0g'tppf t"r®0g'D
ppfppfBuD;rsm;omjzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfEkdif&ef apm'emtyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
oufaocHypönf;pm&if;
trSwf(2) EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m; -
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wkdUudk "r® t"r®
ppfaq;qHk;jzwfrnfh oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf2- ½Hk;awmfokdU apm'emwifoGif;&mü aumufcsufxkwf
azmfjyaom oufaocH pmtkyf? pmwrf;? pmapmif? wdwfacGwdkU\ pm&if;udk oD;oefUûypkwifjyygonf bk&m;/
(þpm&if;wGif ryg0ifao;aom tjcm;pmtkyf? pmwrf;? pmapmif? wdwfacGrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;
usef&Sdygao;onf bk&m;/)
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;
1/ vlaovljzpf (½SifOuú|)
1-9-1963? 'kwd,ESdyfjcif;?
xkwfa0ol- armifpkd;0if;? ,m,DrSwfyHkwif (0519)
jrefrmhAsL[m pmyHkESdyfwkduf
12(c)? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefûrdU/
2/ Ak'¨ "r®pMum
(awmifwGif;BuD;? ewfrSDawm&? ½SifOuú| a[monf)
1964-ck? pufwifbmv?
xkwfa0ol-a':oef;? rSwfyHkwif ('DtD; 000740)
trSwf 172? 6-vrf;? aygif;wnfûrdU/
yHkESdyfol- a':oef;? oD&dr*FvmpmyHkESdyfwkduf?
(rSwfyHkwiftrSwf-07) 6-vrf;? aygif;wnfûrdU/
3/ awmifwGif;BuD; Ak'¨wuúodkvf t½SifOuú|\ ]]Ak'¨tbd"r®m}}
pwkw¬vufaqmif? 1316-ck?
a½TjynfwefpmyHkESdyfwkduf? wkwftifqef;? pef;yGifhukrÜPD? trSwf-12? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmfaps;? &efukefûrdU/
4/ tpJGûywf wJukyfa½Teef;awmf (½SifOuú| a&;)
1963-ck? arv (1)&uf?
xkwfa0ol-(0509)? yHkESdyfol-rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (0447)
jrefrmhAsL[mpmyHkESdyfwkduf? 12? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefûrdU/

tpodkU
5/ Ak'¨vrf;pOf (½SifOuú|)? 'kwd,ESdyfjcif;? 1962-ck

yHkESdyfxkwfa0ol-armifpdk;0if;?
jrefrmhAsL[m pmyHkESdyfwkdufwGif yHkESdyfí &efukefûrdU? a&ausmf? ESif;yef;vrf;? trSwf-12?
a½TjynfwefpmtkyfwkdufrS jzefUa0onf/
6/ tewåa&mifjcnf (½SifOuú| a&;)
yxr ESdyf? 1324-ck? oDwif;uRwfv/
&efukefûrdU? trSwf(1)? qif;'0pfvrf;? ½Ir0yHkESdyfwkdufwGif ½dkufESdyfí a';'&JûrdU? uGif;ausmif;wkdufq&mawmf
t½SifOaZÆmwdu q&mawmfu wm0efcH xkwfa0onf/
7/ tkd a,m*D oifb,fqDoGm;rvJ (½SifOuú|)
'kwd,yHkESdyfjcif;? 1962-ck? atmufwkdbmv/
&efukefûrdU? a&ausmfaps;? ESif;yef;vrf;? trSwf-12 (c)? jrefrmhAsL[m pmyHkESdyfwkdufwGif yHkESdyfí
a½Tjynfwef pmyHkESdyfwkdufESifh pmtkyfwkdufrS jynfvHk;uRwf jzefUa0onf/
8/ ½SifOuú| ûypkaom ]]Ak'¨rSwfausmuf}}
1963-ck? 'DZifbmv
xkwfa0ol-OD;pdk;0if;? rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (93)? jrefrmhAsL[m pmtkyfwkduf?
62-AdkvfcsKyfvrf;? &efukefûrdU/
jzefUa0ol- a½Tjynfwef pmaywkduf? rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (94)?
12? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefûrdU/
9/ Ak'¨pmcRefawmf (½SifOuú|)
1961-ck atmufwkdbmv? yxryHkESdyfjcif;?
yHkESdyfxkwfa0ol-armifpdk;0if;?
jrefrmhAsL[m pmyHkESdyfwkdufwGif yHkESdyfí a½Tjynfwef pmyHkESdyfwkdufESifh pmtkyfwkduf? trSwf-12? ESif;yef;vrf;?
a&ausmfaps;? &efukefûrdUrS jzefUa0onf/
10/ toifvlom; bmrSm;aeovJ (½SifOuú|)
1966-ck? Zlvdkifv 1-&uf?
xkwfa0ol-OD;pdk;0if;? rSwfyHkwiftrSwf jrJ(0093)? jrefrmhAsL[m pmtkyfwkduf?
12 (c)? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefûrdU/
jzefUa0ol- a½Tjynfwef pmaywkduf/ rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (0094)?
12 (u)? ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefûrdU/

tpodkU
11/ 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH (udkudkav;)

(tbd"r®m q&mpdef wnf;jzwfonf)
xkwfa0ol-OD;odef;a½T (0117)? yif;,pmaywkduf?
(289)? bm;vrf;? &efukefûrdU/
yHkESdyfol- OD;atmifcif? rSwfyHkwif(0345) odef;oef; yHkESdyfwkduf?
trSwf-779? 5-&yfuGuf? awmifOuúvmy? &efukefûrdU/
1964-ck? atmufwkdbmv (1)&uf?
12/ twå0g'ESifh wm0wðom tbd"r®m (tbd"r®m q&mpdef) (20-5-65)
xkwfa0ol-OD;odef;a½T (0117)jrJ? yif;,pmaywkduf?
289? bm;vrf;? &efukefûrdU/
yHkESdyfol- OD;atmifcif (0345) odef;oef; yHkESdyfwkduf?
779? 5-&yfuGuf? awmifOuúvmy? &efukefûrdU/
13/ vlaovljzpfjyóem (ocifjrwfqkdif tar;? ½SifOuú| tajz)
yxryHkESdyfjcif; 1964-ck? Ekd0ifbmv/
xkwfa0ol-OD;pdk;vdIif? 0dZ,pmtkyfwkduf (0110)
42-at? atmifr*Fvmvrf;? ausmufajrmif;? &efukefûrdU/
yHkESdyfol- OD;pdk;vdIif? a½TûrdUawmf pmyHkESdyfwkduf? (0137)
42-at? atmifr*Fvmvrf;? ausmufajrmif;? &efukefûrdU/
14/ Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m; (ocifjrwfqkdif zGifhonf/)
yHkESdyfol- OD;wif? pHcsdefopfyHkESdyfwkduf? (0421)
trSwf-35-A[dkvrf;? *Gwåvpf? &efukefûrdU/
xkwfa0ol- OD;wif? pdefwifpmay&dyfûrH/ (0297)
trSwf-35-A[dkvrf;? *Gwåvpf? &efukefûrdU/
jzefUcsdol-jynfolUtvif; pmayjzefUcsda&;?
107? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;aps;? &efukefûrdU/
15/ Ak'¨0dyóem (1) (ocifjrwfqkdif)
yxrtBudrf? 1964-ck? rSwfyHkwif (0048) &efukefûrdU?
107? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;aps;? jynfolUtvif; pmaywkdufrS xkwfa0onf/
rSwfyHkwif (0047) &efukefûrdU/ trSwf 55-tvHk? ausmif;vrf;? jynfolUtvif;pmyHkESdyfwkdufrS ½dkufESdyfonf/

tpodkU
16/ Ak'¨0dyóem (2) (ocifjrwfqkdif)

1967-ck? ZEé0g&Dv?
&efukefûrdU? 107? AdkvfcsKyfaps;? jynfolUtvif; pmaywkdufrS xkwfa0onf/ rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (0048)
&efukefûrdU? tvHk? ausmif;vrf;-55? jynfolUtvif;pmyHkESdyfwkdufu ½dkufESdyfonf/ rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (0047)
17/ or®m'd|dokawoeESifh a&eHacsmif;ta&;awmfyHk? okdUr[kwf Ak'¨0g'ESifh b0oHo&m?
1964-ck? Mo*kwfv?
xkwfa0ol-OD;odef;a½T (0117) yif;,pmaywkduf? trSwf 289? bm;vrf;? &efukefûrdU/
yHkESdyfol- OD;pdk;vdIif? (0070) rsdK;ñGefUyHkESdyfwkduf? trSwf-90? vSnf;wrf;vrf;? &efukefûrdU/
18/ b0a&pD; (½SifOuú|) 1961-ck? pufwifbmv 22-&uf?
a½Tjynfwef pmyHkESdyfwdkuf? trSwf(12) ESif;yef;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefûrdU/
19/ Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef;
oifwef;trSwfpOf (1) oifwef;rSwfpkrsm;?
or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyf? ArmEdkifiH (tzJGU0ifrsm;om)
(yHkESdyfxkwfa0olryg)
20/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyf?
Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef;? oifwef;rSwfpk (oifwef;om;rsm;twGufom)
21/ 0drkwåd&ot&aumufusrf;? OD;udkudkav;
22/ opöm"r®pmapmif
twJG (1) trSwf (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
twJG (2) trSwf (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
twJG (3) trSwf (1) (2) (3) (7) (12)
twJG (4) trSwf (7) (8)
pkpkaygif; opöm"r® (18)apmif
23/ opöm"r®a&;&mpmapmif
twJG (1) trSwf (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
pkpkaygif; opöm"r®a&;&mpmapmif (5)apmif
24/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyf (tzJGU0ifrsm;om)
opömAdrmef
pnf;½Hk;a&;ESifh tbd"r®ma&;&m (jyefwrf;)

tpodkU
twJG (1) trSwf (3) (6)

twJG (2) trSwf (5)
pkpkaygif; (3)apmif
25/ "r®tvif;a&mif (tzJGU0ifrsm;twGufom)
twJG (2) trSwf (6) (7) (8)
twJG (3) trSwf (2) (3) (4)
pkpkaygif; "r®tvif;a&mif (6)apmif
26/ trSefw&m; okawoe pmapmif
trSwf (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
pkpkaygif; pmapmif (6)apmif (tbd"r®m q&mpdef wifjyonf)
27/ vufa½G;pif oD;oefU
yd#uwfawmf aumufEkwfcsufrsm;
ocifjrwfqkdif
28/ edum,f\ edum,fESifh a';'&JûrdU? ausmufwkdifrS pmrsm;
(uGif;ausmif;wdkuf)
29/ Ak'ömoemordkif; (tusOf;) yÍömedum, "r®omupämtzJGU
1330-ck? eawåmfvqef; (15)&uf (uGif;ausmif;wkduf? a';'&JûrdU)
30/ tewå0g'ESifh avmufvef;ozG,f 0dnmOfwG,f [laom twå0g'?
wifjyol OD;a½Tjynfh? awmifukwfûrdU? &ckdifjynfe,f/ (tzJGU0ifrsm;twGufom)
31/ ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ
wifjyol OD;a½Tjynfh? awmifukwfûrdU? &ckdifjynfe,f/ (tzJGU0ifrsm;twGufom)
32/ Ak'ödyÜH y&dowf awmfvSefa&; vlom;awGtjrif bmompD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlrIpD;yGm;a&;
33/ a½Ttbd"r®m awmifukwf? &ckdifjynfe,f\ ar;cGef;pmapmif
34/ or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyf t,l0g'a&;&mqkdif&m cH,lcsuf oabmxm;pm½Guf
35/ wdwfacG (11)acG pm&if; -
(u) OD;Ouú|a[m opömav;yg; (awmifwGif;BuD; ewfrSDawm&)
(c) OD;udkudkav; Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef; oifcef;pm (1)
(*) oH*g,emwiforkdif; (tp) (OD;udkudkav;)
(C) oH*g,emwiforkdif; (tqHk;) (OD;udkudkav;)
(i) &ckdifor®m'd|dtzJGU0if yxraeU yxracG
(p) &ckdifor®m'd|dtzJGU0if yxraeU 'kwd,acG

tpodkU
(q) &ckdifor®m'd|dtzJGY0if 'kwd,aeY yxracG

(Z) &ckdifor®m'd|dtzJGU0if 'kwd,aeU 'kwd,acG
(ps) OD;0go0 ajrmif;jra[m (15-4-76) aeU
(n) OD;0go0 ajrmif;jra[m (16-4-76) aeU
(#) OD;0go0 ajrmif;jra[m (17-4-76) aeU
pkpkaygif; pmtkyf? pmapmif? pmwrf;rsm;
trsdK;tm;jzifh 34-rsdK;
ta&twGuftm;jzifh 67-ck &Sdygonf/
36/ ,ck oufaocHtjzpf wifjycJhaom pmtkyf? pmwrf;? pmapmif? Pm½Guf ta&twGufrSm
trsdK;tm;jzifh (34)rsdK;? ta&twGuftm;jzifh (67) jzpfygonf? 67-rsdK;wGif yHkESdyfxkwfa0olygaom
pmtkyfpmwrf;rSm (19)rsdK;om jzpfygonf? usef (48)rsdK;uawmh yHkESdyfxkwfa0ol rygyg bk&m;?
yHkESdyfxkwfa0ol rygaomfvnf; ckdifrmaom taxmuftxm;t& oufaocHtjzpf wynfhawmfrsm;
wifjyygonf bk&m;/
37/ Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef; oifwef;trSwfpOf(1) oifwef;rSwfpkrsm;rSm or®m'd|d
okawoetzJGUcsKyf ArmEkdifiH[k yg½HkrQru oufaocHwdwfacG trSwf (c) (*) (C) yg OD;udkukdav;ydkUcsaom
Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef;ydkUcscsufrsm;ESifh vkd&if; t"dyÜm,f vHk;0wlnDaeygonf? xkdUaMumifh
or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyfu pmtkyfwGifygonfhtwkdif; or®m'd|d okawoetzJGU0ifrsm;xH jzefUa0aMumif;
xif½Sm;í oufaocHtjzpf wifygonf bk&m;/
or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyf Ak'¨0g'tajccHoifwef; oifwef;rSwfpk (oifwef;om;rsm;twGufom)
pmtkyfonfvnf; oifwef;trSwfpOf (1) pmtkyfBuD;ESifh tusOf;tus,frQom uJGjym;ívnf;aumif;?
oifwef;om;rsm;ukd jzefUa0aom pmtkyfi,fjzpfívnf;aumif;? or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyfuyif
jzefUa0onf[k odEkdifygonf/
38/ opöm"r®pmapmifonfvnf; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ aemufa,mifcHrsm;u jzefUa0aMumif;-
(u) pmayaumfrwD
(c) yg0ifa&;om;olrsm;
(*) twGif;pmom;ESifh xif½Sm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;u oufaojyaeygonf?
opöm"r® twJG(4) trSwf(7) pmrsufESm (10)ü atmufygtwkdif; a&;xm;ygonf/

tpodkU
tzJGUcsKyf pmayaumfrwD
(1) OD;cif[ef (tMuHay;)
(2) OD;vGef;armif ( / )
(3) OD;atmifEkdif (wm0efcHpmwnf;)
(4) OD;udkudkav; ( / )
(5) OD;xGef;apm ( / )
(6) OD;jrifhaqG ( / )
(7) OD;wifodef; ( / )
(8) OD;armifpdef ( / )
wkdUyg0ifaom pmayaumfrwDzJGUpnf;vdkufygonf/ pmaya&;&mudpöESifhywfoufvmygu tzJGUcsKyfpmay
aumfrwDokdU qufoG,fMuapvdkygonf? þokdU a&;xm;ygonf? yg0ifa&;om;olrsm;uvnf; vlaovljzpf
OD;Ouú|? ocif jrwfqkdif? '*kef OD;vSaz? OD;barmif-a';'&J? OD;udkudkav; polwdkU jzpfMuygonf?
oufaocHwifxm;aom opöm "r®pmapmif (18)apmifwGif (14)apmifü vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|
yg0ifa&;om;xm;ygonf? opöm"r®twJG(2) trSwf (10) pmrsufESm (11)ü "r®AdrmefwnfEkdifa&;twGuf
tvªaiG ydkUEkdifonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;tjzpf -
(1) OD;Z0e y&[dw q&mawmf? Ae½Sife,fausmif;? awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU/
(2) OD;ÓPfokdif;? arcvmwkduf? trSwf(954) 16-&yfuGuf? &wemvrf;? awmifOuúvmy/
(3) OD;cif[ef (opöm"r®) 313? AdkvfcsKyfvrf;? &efukefûrdU wkdUudk azmfjyxm;ygonf/
xdk 3-OD;wGif 2-OD;rSm ,ckpk'dwursm; jzpfaeMuygonf/
a&;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;uvnf; opöm"r® twJG(2) trSwf(12) rsufESmzHk;pmrsufESmwGif
aumufcsufcs xm;onfhtwdkif; vlaovljzpfOD;Ouú|0g' us,fjyefUatmif a&;om;aeMujcif;om jzpfygonf?
xkdUaMumifh opöm"r®pmapmifrsm;udk yHkESdyfxkwfa0ol rygaomfvnf; oufaocHtjzpf wynfhawmfrsm;
wifjyMuygonf/
39/ opöm"r®a&;&m pmapmifrsm;? opömAdrmef pmapmifrsm;? "r®tvif;a&mif pmapmifrsm;
tygt0if usefpmtkyf pmwrf; pmapmifrsm;onfvnf; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ bmomrJh0g'udk
trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk tpGrf;ukefxlaxmifaeMuonfh pmapmifrsm;omjzpfaMumif; aphaphpyfpyfMunfhu odEkdifygonf
bk&m;? xkdUaMumifh azmfjycJhNyD;aom pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm;ESifh wdwfacGrsm;ukd oufaocHtjzpf wynfhawmfrsm;
wifjyMuygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
omrnapm'emwiftNyD; pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk
½Hk;awmfrS ppfar;jcif;
aeYpJG (30-6-81)
obmywdu ar;jcif;
apm'emudpö NyD;oGm;ygNyD? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u tckvdk pmtkyfpmwrf; pmrsufESm
tudk;tum;awGazmfjyNyD; apm'em wifxm;ygw,f? oufaocHjzpfwJh pmtkyfawG pmwrf;
wdwfacGawGudkvnf; tckpm;yJGay:rSm wifNyD;xm;w,f? tck wifjyxm;wJh pmtkyfpmwrf;awG pmapmifawG
tm;vHk;[m OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'eJY ywfoufvkdU a&;xm;wm
trSefjzpfygovm;? r[kwf&ifvJ jiif;y,f Edkifygw,f/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -wynfhawmfrsm;taeeJU 'Dudpö vHk;0 rodyg bk&m;/
obmywd -usefwJhq&mawmfrsm;u ,ck oufaocHwifjyxm;wJh pmtkyf pmapmifawGonf
q&mawmfwdkU t&ifwkef;u oHk;oyfzl;wJh vufcHzl;wJh oabmwlzl;wJh
pmtkyfpmwrf;awG [kwfygovm;vkdU ar;ygw,f/
OD;Z0e 2-yg; -wynfhawmfrsm;vJ rodMuawmhyg bk&m;/
OD;qE´m"du -wynfhawmfvJ rodawmhyg bk&m;/
obmywd -b,folrS rodbl;aygh? 'gjzifh aemufu ocifjrwfqkdifwkdU or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUrS
OD;cif[efwkdU ajzyg/
ocifjrwfqdkif -wynfhawmf emrnfeJU a&;xm;wJh[mawmh wm0ef,lygw,f bk&m;? wjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;
a&;wmawmh rodyg bk&m;? or®m'd|dtzJGUxJvJ wynfhawmf rygbl; bk&m;?
a&;w,fqkdwm 0efcHygw,f? wynfhawmftrnf ygwmrSeforQ tm;vHk;
wm0ef,lygw,f bk&m;/
OD;cif[ef -bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;eJU ywfoufwmawmh wm0ef,lygw,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu -ywfoufw,fqdkwmu or®m'd|dokawoetrnfyg&if wm0ef,lr,f ajymwmvm;
(0denf;"dk&f)
OD;cif[ef -or®m'd|demrnfyg&if wm0ef,lygr,f bk&m;/
ocifjrwfqdkif -avQmufxm;csifwmu ½Sif0go0pmawGeJUa&maxG;aeNyD;awmh 'gu 15-
ESpfavmufuxJu wynfhawmfwdkUeJU vHk;0rwlwJhudpöjzpfaew,f? ½dk½dkaoao
avQmuf&r,fqkd&ifawmh rawmfrwJh pum;awG jzpfaew,f? tJ'g tapmBuD;uxJu
tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfeJU wynfhawmfwdkU rqdkifawmhygbl;/
OD;Óedu -rqdkifwmawmh[kwfNyD? or®m'd|deJYywfoufNyD;awmhygaew,f? olu wm0efcHNyD;
(0denf;"dk&f) xkwfa0xm; awmh olu ygaew,f/

tpodkU
ocifjrwfqdkif -'guawmh [kwfygw,f bk&m;? or®m'd|deJUawmh qkdifygw,f bk&m;? or®m'd|duawmh

rSefw,f? wynfhawmfwkdUtaeuawmh ½Sif0go0eJU vHk;vHk;rywfoufyg bk&m;/
OD;Z0e -vlaovljzpfpmtkyfudk OD;0go0u wm0ef,l xkwfa0xm;w,f r[kwfvm;/
(0denf;"dk&f)
ocifjrwfqdkif -½SifOuú| ygaeawmh wynfhawmf wm0ef,l&rvdk jzpfaeygw,f bk&m;/
obmywd -or®m'd|dudk b,folu wm0ef,lrSmvJ/
ocifjrwfqdkif -t½Sifbk&m;wkdU axG;aew,f xifw,f bk&m;? or®m'd|dudk OD;cif[efu
wm0ef,lygvdrfhr,f bk&m;? wynfhawmfu oyfoyf wpfa,mufxJyJ bk&m;?
e*dkuxJu tzJGUtpnf;r½Sdyg bk&m;? bmvdkUvJqkd&if wpfa,mufxJ vHk;csif;yJ
êudufw,fbk&m;? cHp&m½SdvJ udk,fh[mudk,f cHr,f? aop&m½SdvJ udk,fh[mudkyJ
aor,f? tazmftaygif;eJUqkdawmh iJh&wm uGuf&wmawGu jyóem ½IyfvGef;vdkU
e*dkxJu vHk;csif;yJ bk&m;/
obmywd -aumif;NyD? aumif;NyD/
ocifjrwfqdkif -½SifOuú|vkyfaqmifcsufrSeforQ? ½SifOuú|trnfygorQ tm;vHk; wm0ef,lygw,f
bk&m;? [kwf[kwf r[kwf[kwf udk,fhq&mbufu &yf&rSmyJ bk&m;? 'grSvJ
wynfhawmf wynfhaumif; jzpfr,f bk&m;? 'Dae&mrSmawmh wynfhawmf xGufajy;vdkU
r&awmhygbl;/
vlaovljzpf0g'udk t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif;
q&mawmf 3-yg;u 0efcHjcif;
obmywd -apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyapm'emxm;wJh 21-csuftwkdif;tqHk;tjzwf
ay;&vdrfhr,f? pk'dwu rsm;u 'gudkvufcHEkdifMuovm;? okdUr[kwf acsy ajymqdk
vkdovm;/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -wynfhawmfrsm;twGuf vlaovljzpfpmtkyfeJYywfoufvdkU avQmufxm;vdkygw,f?
(a';'&J) vlaovljzpf usrf;pmtkyfeJUywfoufvdkU "r® t"r® qHk;jzwfcsufudk qHk;jzwfay;zkdU&m
0dedpä,twGuf t½Sifjrwfrsm;rSm wm0ef½Sdygw,f? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u
vlaovljzpfusrf;udk t"r®0g'vkdU wifjyxm;wJh twkdif; wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ jiif;qdkjcif;
uefUuGufjcif; rûyvdkyg? wynfhawmfrsm;udk,fwdkifu vlaovljzpfpmtkyfudk
t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif; vGefcJhwJh (7)ESpfavmufupNyD; oloufawmfxif½Sm; ½SdpOfuyif
olUrsufarSmufü uefUuGufNyD;jzpfaevdkU 'Dpmtkyfudk apm'ut½Sifjrwfrsm;u
t"r®0g'vkdU wifjyaecsuftwGuf uefUuGufzkdY acsyzdkU vHk;0r½Sdyg/ þtaMumif;

tpodkU
q&mawmfbk&m;rsm; w&m;0if pmeJU wifoGif;cGifhûyvQifvJ wifzdkU tqifoifh a&;NyD;

jzpfygw,f/
obmywd -wifEkdifygw,f? wifyg/
]]bk&m;½Sifu omoemawmfudk yk*¾dKvfwdkif;twGuf ay;xm;wm?

ukd,hfomoem udk,fqdkifw,f?
udk,fydkifw,f? ûzef;wD;rypfygeJY?
tysufpD;rcHygeJY}}
("r®'lw t½SifynmaZmw)

tpodkU
a';'&J OD;OaZÆmwdu\ 0efcHcsuf

jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHawmf? EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2) odkU apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u apm'em
wifoGif;aom vlaovljzpfOD;Ouú|0g'ESifh ywfoufí wifjyavQmufxm;vTmyg bk&m;/
aeUpJG/ 30-6-81
oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'ESifh a½Ttbd"r®mqkdaom0g'wkdUESifh
pyfvsOf;í apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u tcsufaygif; (21)csuf wifjyNyD; xdk0g'rsm;onf "r®0g'r[kwf?
t"r®0g' rsm;omjzpfaMumif; tqHk;tjzwfay;&ef wifjyavQmufxm;onfudk Mum;od&ygonf bk&m;?
xdkapm'emaom tcsufrsm;teuf vlaovljzpfpmtkyfESifh ywfoufonfh tcsufrSeforQudk
bk&m;wynfhawmftaejzifh qefUusifvkdjcif;? acsyvkdjcif;? aom"emûyvdkjcif; r½Sdygbk&m;?
apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;uJhokdUyif wynfhawmfuvnf; xkd0g'rsm;udk t"r®0g'tjzpf vufcHxm;NyD; jzpfygonf
bk&m;/
2/ OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh ywfoufí wynfhawmfonf OD;Ouú| ½SdpOfuyif vufcHrI
,HkMunfrI r½SdcJhyg? aygif;wnftxuf tif;r½GmBuD;w&m;yJGü wynfhawmfonf OD;Ouú|ESifhtwl qHkcJhpOfu
'umwpfOD;\ vlaovljzpfw&m;udk emvdkaMumif; avQmufxm;&mwGif t½SifOaZÆmwdu (a';'&J)
ajzMum;vdkufyg[k OD;Ouú|\ rdefUMum;csuft& wynfhawmf ajzqkd&mü ]]vlaovljzpf0g'onf
Ak'¨tvdkawmfusaom 0g'r[kwfaMumif;? Ak'ÿd#uwfawmfESifh rnDaom0g'jzpfaMumif;}} udk wpfem&DcefU
tus,fcsJUí ajyma[mrdefUMum;cJhygonf/ teD;wGif ikwfwkwfxdkifaeaom OD;Ouú|uvnf; bmrQajymqkdjcif;
rûyyg/ a';'&JrSmaeorQ w&m;a[morQtcsdefwdkif; b,ftcgrSvnf; vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh ywfoufaom
w&m;rsm;udk ra[mcJhyg/ vlaovljzpf0g'udk ,HkMunfrI cH,lrIr½Sdí ra[mjcif;om jzpfygonf/ 'Dvdk
ra[maMumif;udk a';'&JûrdUe,f? oHCem,utzJGUrS ûrdUe,fomoema&;rª;rsm; a½SUarSmufü vGefcJhaom
waygif;vqkwf 14-&ufu w&m;0if ajz½Sif;cJhNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
3/ okdU&mwGif ,cifu OD;Ouú|ESifh qufoG,fcJhonftm;avsmfpGm wpfbuf
apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ apm'emüyg½Sdonfhtwkdif; edum,f\ edum,f paomudpörsm;udkrl
vkyfaqmifcJhzl;ygonf? ,cktcgwGifrl omoemawmf oefU½Sif;wnfwHh jyefUyGm;a&;udk
aqmif½GufvmonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmfoD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u ,xm"r® ,xm0de, rus[k
qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuygu vkdufemusifhoHk;&ef 0efcHuwdûyaMumif; ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/
4/ xdkokdU 0efcHonfESifhtnD ,cktcgü "r®a&;&mESifh ywfoufí wynfhawmfonf
q&mpOfquf ax&0g'*dkPf;om;jzpfí ax&0g'*dkPfoHk;"r®rsm;udk av;pm;vsuf½Sdygonf? oH*g,em 6-
wef wifNyD;aom yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk ,Hk,HkMunfMunf vufcHvdkufemvsuf½Sdygonf? 0de,a&;&mESifh

tpodkU
ywfoufívnf; oH*g,emwifNyD; yd#uwfawmfvm 0denf;awmfrsm;udk vkdufemusifhoHk;vsuf ½Sdygonf

bk&m;/
5/ txl;avQmufxm;vdkonfrSm wynfhawmfausmif;xJü½Sdaom ausmufwdkifESifhywfoufí
opömav;yg;? y#dpöorkyÜg'f? tewåvu©P xdkoHk;okwft& Munfñdkav;pm;í aemifvmaemifom;twGuf
&nfñTef;um ausmufwkdifpdkufxlxm;jcif; jzpfygonf? odkUaomf xkdausmufwkdifü OD;Ouú|\ w&m;vuFmrsm;
a&;xdk;xm;ygonf? ,if;ausmufwkdif½Sd pmayrsm;onf ,xm"r® ,xm0de, rjzpfbl;[lí qHk;jzwfygvQif
qHk;jzwfonfhtwkdif;vkdufemaqmif½Gufygrnf bk&m;/
t½SifOaZÆmwdu
uGif;ausmif;? a';'&JûrdU/

tpodkU
awmifwGif;BuD;q&mawmf 2-yg;\ 0efcHcsuf

okdU/
obmywdq&mawmf
trSwf (2) EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;tzJGU
aeUpJG/ 30-6-81
1/ OD;Z0e ae½Sife,fy&[dwausmif;? awmifwGif;BuD; ESifh
2/ OD;Z0e ig;qifhausmif;(taemuf) awmifwGif;BuD; wkdUrS
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;wifoGif;oGm;aom apm'emcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí jyefvnfacsyjcif;rsm; rûyvkyfMuyg
bk&m;/ 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ qHk;jzwfcsufudk cH,lvdkufemygrnf bk&m;/
,ck apm'emwJhtcsufawGudk t"r®0g'[k wynfhawmfrsm;vnf; cH,l (y,fpGefU) ygrnf bk&m;/
1/ t½SifZ0e 2/ OD;Z0e
ae½Sife,f y&[dwausmif;? ig;qifh taemufausmif;?
awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU/ awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU/

tpodkU
vufrSwfxdk;Edkif rxdk;Edkifar;jcif;
obmywd -q&mawmfwdkU 3-yg;teuf a';'&JOD;OaZÆmwdu uawmh OD;Ouú|½SdpOfuxJu
vlaovljzpf t,ludk vufrcHygbl;vdkU 0efcHpmxJrSm twdtvif;azmfjyxm;w,f?
awmifwGif;BuD;q&mawmf OD;Z0e 2-yg;&JUpmu vlaovljzpft,ludk e*kdu
vufrcHbl;? (okdUr[kwf) vufcHNyD;om;t,lukd ,ckrS pGefUw,fqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fvm;
bk&m;? 'DpmxJrSm rygbl;? q&mawmfwdkUpmu raocsmbl;/
OD;Z0e -wynfhawmfeJUOD;Ouú|wdkUtvkyfu wjcm;pDygbk&m;? wynfhawmfu y&[dw
tvkyfqkdawmh y&[dw vkyfief;yJ vkyfygw,f bk&m;? olU&JUvlaovljzpfudk
oludk,fwkdifa[moHvJ rMum;zl;ygbk&m;/
obmywd -a[moHawmh rMum;bl;? pmtkyfu ArmwpfjynfvHk; ESHUaew,f? e,fpGefe,fzsm;txd
tm;vHk; a&mufaew,f? 'gaMumifh q&mawmfrsm; e*dku 'Dpmtkyft& OD;Ouú|&JU
avmif;&dyfatmufrSmrdNyD; 'Dt,ltwkdif;udk vkduf,laewmvm;/
OD;Z0e 2-yg; -a½S;uvJ rvkdufzl;yg? ,ckvJ rvdkufyg bk&m;/
obmywd -'gjzifh 'Dt,ludk vHk;0 r,lbl;aygh? aemufudkvJ r,lbl;? 'D0g'udkvJ rjzefUjzL;bl;?
q&mawmfu y&[dwtvkyform;jzpfí y&[dwtvkyfudkyJ qufvkyfr,f?
OD;Ouú|&JU0g'udk jzefUjzL;zdkU? qufNyD; a[majymzdkU rdrdudk,fwkdifuvJ rvkyfawmhbl;?
'Dvdkvm;/
OD;Z0e -rSefyg bk&m;/
obmywd -OD;Ouú|t,ludk vufcHwJhtaMumif; 'Dq&mawmf 3-yg;u 0denf;"dk&ftzJGUudk
wifjyxm;w,f? 'D q&mawmf 3-yg;u aemifudk 'Dt,l0g'ESifh ywfoufNyD;
bmrQrvkyfygbl;qkdwm y#dnmOf0efcHcsuf ay;NyD? 'gaMumifh 0dedpä, csrSwfwJhtcg
q&mawmfwdkU 3-yg; vufrSwfxdk;Mu&r,f? vufrSwf xdk;Edkifw,f r[kwfvm;/
OD;Z0e 2-yg; -xkd;Ekdifygw,f bk&m;/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -xkd;Ekdifygw,f bk&m;/
obmywd -at;? vufrSwfxdk;rS twnfjzpfr,f? 'gjzifh q&mawmfwdkU 3-yg;twGufuawmh
e*dkuvJ [kwfwdywfwd ,lwm r[kwfbl;aygh? aemuf OD;OaZÆmwdu uawmh OD;Ouú|
toufxif½Sm;½SdpOf uyif 'Dt,ludk olUa½SUrSmyJ ajAmifjiif;cJhw,f [kwfvm;/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -rSefyg? ajAmifjiif;cJhygw,f bk&m;/
obmywd -tJ'Dvdkqkdawmh 'D 3-yg;twGufu rdrdwdkUe*dku OD;Ouú|avmif;&dyfrdNyD;
,lrdonfjzpfap? oabmus NyD;onfhumv vufcHonfjzpfap? q&mawmfOD;Ouú|ESifh
taygif;toif;vkyfNyD; aerdonfhtwGuf ,ck q&mawmfwdkU tckvdk 0denf;"dk&f½Hk;

tpodkU
a&mufvm&jcif;jzpfw,f? trSefpifppf tJ'Dvkdjzpfawmh q&mawmfwkdU 3-yg;[m rdrdwdkU

OD;Ouú|ESifh twlaerd ajymrd qdkrd vkyfrd udkifrd eJeJusOf;usOf; ½SdrdwJhtwGuf
q&mawmf OD;OaZÆmwduausmif;rSmu tpnf;ta0;awGvkyf? ausmufwkdifawGxl
qkdawmh wpfoabmxJvdk jzpfaew,f/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -rSefygh? txnfudk,fu ½Sdaeawmh xifp&mjzpfaeygw,f bk&m;/
obmywd -rajy;aomfvnf; uef&mu½Sdaew,f qkdovdkyJ? tJ'Dvdk½SdaewJhtwGuf q&mawmfwdkU
'D½Hk;udk a&mufvm&jcif;jzpfw,f? tJ'Dvdka&mufvmawmh 'Dt,ludk r,lygbl;?
0dedpä,tzJGUu csrSwforQ tqHk;tjzwf cH,lygr,fvdkU ,ck 0efcsw,f r[kwfvm;/
OD;OaZÆmwdu -rSefyg 0efcsygNyD bk&m;/
obmywd -tJ'Dvdk 0efcsawmif;yefwmtifrwefaumif;ygw,f? rdrdwdkU vkyfrdrSm;rdorQudk
trSm;udktrSm;rSef; od&SdNyD; ]]tpö,H tpö,awm 'doGm ,xmypö,H ua&mwd}}
bk&m;a[m a'oemrSm yg½SdwJh twkdif; ukpm;jcif;trI ûyvkdufwmyJ? tJ'Dvdk
ukpm;rIûyvdkufwJhtwGuf bk&m;½SifomoemawmfrSm oDv orm"d ynm
wkd;yGm;zdkUtaMumif;om ½Sdygw,f? 'gaMumifh t½Sifbk&m;rsm; 'Dvdk0efcswJhtwGuf
q&mawmfwdkU 0depä,tzJGUrS 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
vufcHNyD;oumv auseyfNyD;oumv om"k ac:ygw,f/
(om"k-om"k-om"k)
'gaMumifh q&mawmfwdkU 3-yg;onf 'Dapm'emrsm;udk acsyjcif;? aom"emjcif;
rûyvkyfwJhtwGuf csrf;csrf;omom aeEkdifygNyD? 'gayrJh q&mawmfwdkU pk'dwutjzpfu
rvGwfao;bl;? rvGwfao;wJh twGuf 'D½Hk;u 0dedpä, qHk;jzwfcsuf cswJhtcg
vma&mufNyD;awmh rsufarSmufemcH&OD;r,f? q&mawmfwdkUudk taMumif;Mum;r,f?
tJ'Dtcg 'D½Hk;udkvmNyD; a½SUarSmufrSm qHk;jzwfcsufudk emcHMu &r,f/
pk'dwu&[ef;rsm; -rSefyg emcHygr,f bk&m;/
obmywd -usef q&mawmf OD;qE´m"duESifh vlpk'dwu yk*¾dKvfrsm;u acsyajymqkdrSm
trSefyJvm;/
OD;a½Tjynfh -wynfhawmf OD;a½Tjynfh (ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ) udkom acsyygrnf bk&m;/
ocifjrwfqkdif -wynfhawmf acsyygrnf bk&m;/
OD;cif[ef -wynfhawmf or®m'd|dtzJGUudk,fpm; acsyygrnf bk&m;/
OD;qE´m"du -acsyygrnf bk&m;/

tpodkU
0daooapm'em wif&ef &ufcsdef;ay;jcif;

obmywd -apm'uyk*¾dKvfawG wifjyxm;wJh apm'emrsm;rSmvJ tudk;tum; tpHktvif rygao;bl;?
ygVd t|uxm #Dum tudk;tum;jyzkdU vkdao;w,f? aom"emacsrJh yk*¾dKvfawGu pHkpHkvifvifod&atmif
apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u tudk;tum; ygVd t|uxm #Dum wifjyNyD; avQmufxm;&OD;r,f? txl;
0daooapm'em tus,favQmufxm;&OD;r,f? tck[mu omrnapm'em ½Sdao;w,f? b,f[m
b,f[mjzifh b,fygVdawmf b,ft|uxm b,f#Dum b,frsufESmESifh rudkufnDaMumif; tpHktvif
azmfjy&OD;r,f? 'gaMumifh 0gqdkvqef;(3)&ufaeU eHeuf (8)em&DrSm 0daooapm'em wif&r,f/
apm'ursm; -q&mawmfrsm; trdefUtmPmudk av;pm;aomtm;jzifh 0daooapm'emudk xyfí
wifygrnf bk&m;/
obmywd -OD;qE´m"duESifhwuG pk'dwuyk*¾dKvftm;vHk; tJ'DaeUvmMu&r,f? OD;Z0e 2-yg;ESifh
OD;OaZÆmwdu wdkUuawmh csrf;csrf;omom aeEdkifygNyD/

tpodkU

0daooapm'em wifoGif;vTm
0daooed'gef;
0daoo ap'em trSwf(1)
OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkUonf bmomrJh ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
vlaovljzpf[lí pdwful;ayguf&m vdkufvHa[majym a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
(31)bHkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; vufrcH[lí rSm;,Gif;pGm a&;om;a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí
0daooapm'emcsuf
Ak'¨bmom\ tajccHjzpfaom uH-uH\ tusdK;w&m;ü ouf0if,HkMunfrI ysufpD;atmif
zsufqD;aeMujcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
twdwf tem*wfb0wdkUudk vHk;0ypfy,fNyD; Ak'¨0g'udk ypöKyÜef0g' jzpfav[ef trsdK;rsdK; vSnfhpm;vsuf
a&;om; a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk Ak'¨bmodw(bk&m;a[m) r[kwf? aemuftvGefusrS om0u&[ef;rsm; wDxGifaz:xkwf
av[ef rSm;,Gif;pGm ajymqdka0zefjcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk xdyg;apvsuf Ak'ömoem ysufpD;&mysufpD;aMumif; a[majym
a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ orxvrf;pOfESifh 0dyóemvrf;pOfwdkUudk zsufqD;NyD; oHo&mrS xGwfajrmuf&m vrf;udk
ydwfyif[efUwm; zsufqD;aeMuyHkESifh ywfoufí usrf;*ef taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh 0daooapm'emcsuf
Ak'ömoemawmf\ toufjzpfaom 0denf;usifh0wf w&m;awmfrsm;udk vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; ypfy,fNyD;
ouFef;0wfí omoemta&ûcHum rodem;rvnfaomolwdkUtm; vSnfhzsm;vdrfnmí q&mwpfql
vkyfcJhjcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh usrf;*eftaxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh xyfrHapm'emaom 0daooapm'emcsuf

tpodkU

0denf;w&m;awmfudk rypfy,fbJ bk&m;½Sif\ 0denf;odu©m yk'fawmfrsm;udk toufwrQ vdkufemusifhoHk;
aexdkifMuaom &[ef;aumif; ½Sifaumif; oHCmawmfwdkUtm; yufyufpufpuf pGyfpGJykwfcwf a&;omNyD;
oHCmawmfudk apmfum;rI ûyjcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
y&dwf[k ac:qdkaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk r½Gwf aumif;[kqdkNyD; y&dwf½GwfrIudk qefUusifí Ak'¨bmom
q&mpOfquf vdkufemusifhoHk;cJhaom vrf;pOfudk zsufqD;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
yxrapm'emvTmwGif yg0ifaom trSwf (12) apm'em (ouFef;ESifh 0wfxnf? qHawmfESifh jrif;jrD;) udpöudk
ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfvm om"uwdkUjzifh xyfrHavQmufxm;csuf
bmomomoem\ wifhw,frIwpfck[k qkdxkdufaom Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIESifh pyfvsOf;onfh
"avhxkH;pHrsm;udk tvkdqkd;jzifh tjrpfrSvSefvsuf wl;ûzdzsufqD;aejcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daoo apm'emcsuf
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ oDvcH,ljcif;? qkay;qk,lûyjcif;? oydwfoGwfjcif;? paom bmomrI ukodkvfa&;qkdif&m
udpörsm;udk tydkoufouf tjzpfjzifh a[majyma&;om; zsufqD;jcif; apm'emqkdif&mü 0daoo apm'emûycsuf
Oyg'ge paom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf a0g[m& pum;vHk;rsm;\ teuft"dyÜg,frSefudk ypfy,fjyD;
udk,fxifovdk teuft"dyÜg,f aumufvsuf a[majyma&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daoo apm'emcsuf
ax&0g' yd#uwfvm t&d,mESifhedAÁmefudk pdwful;,Of vlaovljzpf t,ltqESifh udkufnDatmif
jyifqifzGifhqdk a&;om;jcif; apm'emqdkif&m 0daooapm'emcsuf
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ Mo0g'ay;q&mBuD; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumvufopfESifh
pyfvsOf;í 0daoo apm'emcsuf
twåaemrwd- rdrdxif&majymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[m jzpfav[ef
vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifhywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
Ak'¨\jzpfawmfpOf Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk raxrJhjrifûyí ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum; a&;om;jcif;ESifh
ywfoufonfh 0daooapm'emcsuf

tpodkU

ax&0g'vm oH*g,em (6)wefudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif a[majymaqG;aEG; a&;om;xdk;ESufvsuf
omoemzsufvkyf&yfrsm;udk vkyfudkifaeMurIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf

oH*g,em 6-wefwifjyD; bk&m;a[m ygVdawmftrSefrsm;udk vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh rudkufnDygu bk&m;a[m
r[kwfyg[lí vnf;aumif;? [dE´LjAm[®P0g'[lívnf;aumif; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; tjrifrSm;atmif
vSnfhpm;vdrfnmí 0g'jzefUjcif;ESifh ywfoufaom 0daooapm'emcsuf
r[memrfrif;\ pdwfaeoabmxm;
r[memrfrif;u bk&m;eJUpyfNyD; olUpdwfaeoabmxm;udk
jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrSm 'Dvdk azmfjy avQmufxm;ygw,f/
]]NrwfpGmbk&m;uwpfzuf? &[ef;oHCmeJUrdef;rawGuwpfzuf
'DvdkuGJae&if wynfhawmfu bk&m;bufu aerSmygbk&m;
jrwfpGmbk&m;uwpfzuf? trsKd;om; trsKd;orD; oHCmawGeJUvl0wfaMumif
trsKd;om;trsKd;orD; Oygoum OygodumrawGuwpfzuf
'DvdkuGJae&ifvnf; wynfhawmfu bk&m;bufu aerSmygbk&m;
jrwfpGmbk&m;uwpfzuf &[ef; ½Sif vlawGeJU ewfjA[®mawGuwpfzuf?
'DvdkuGJae&if wynfhawmfu bk&m;bufu aerSmygbk&m;}}

tpodkU
jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmf

EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU
trSwf (2)
vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,twGuf
0daooapm'em wifoGif;vTm
1343-ck? 0gqdkvqef; 3-&uf? paeaeU
(4-7-81)
0daooed'gef;
trSwf (2) EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifjrwfwkdU bk&m;/
1/ 1343-ckESpf? e,kefvjynfhausmf (13)&uf? (30-6-81)aeUu þoD;jcm;0dedpä½Hk;awmfü
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'qdkonfwkdUESifh ywfoufí
xdkum,uH½SifwkdU a&;om;xkwfa0 jzefUcsDaom pmtkyf? pmwrf;? pmapmif? wdwfacGwdkUudk
oufaocHypönf;rsm;tjzpf wifjyvsuf ,if; pmtkyf pmapmif wdwfacG wkdUrS ta&;BuD;aom pmydk'f
pum;&yfwkdUudk aumufEkwfazmfjyNyD; xdk0g'rsm;onf Ak'¨"r®ESifh qefUusifaom t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif;
þ½Hk;awmfu tqHk;tjzwfay;awmfrlyg&ef tcsufaygif;(21)csufwkdUjzifh apm'emvTm wifoGif;cJhygonf
bk&m;/
xkdokdU apm'emvTm wifoGif;cJh&mwGif pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf(7)OD;teuf yd#uwfusrf;*efudk avhvmzl;aom
q&mawmf OD;OaZÆmwdu (a';'&J)? awmifwGif;BuD;rS q&mawmf OD;Z0e (ae½Sife,f) ESifh q&mawmf OD;Z0e
(ig;qifh)wkdUu wynfhawmfrsm; apm'emonfhtwkdif; xkdvlaovljzpf0g' ponfudk t"r®0g'jzpfygaMumif;
þ½Hk;awmfü0efcHoGm;MuNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;? okdU&mwGif usefpk'dwu (4)OD;wkdUrSm 0efrcHvdkMuojzifh
apm'uyk*¾dKvfjzpfMuaom wynfhawmfrsm;u rdrdwdkU apm'emcsufrsm;tay: usef½Sdaom pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;
ydkrdkoabmayguf em;vnfMuap&ef yd#uwfusrf;*ef oufaoom"ursm;jzifh xyfrHí
0daooapm'emwif&ef ½Hk;awmf\cGifhûycsuft& ,ck 0daooapm'emudk wifoGif;Muygonf bk&m;/
2/ trSwf(2) EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU0if q&mawmft½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
]]t"r®udk "r®[lí ñTefjyMuaom &[ef;rsm;ç "r®udk t"r®[lí ñTefjyaom &[ef;rsm;ç jrwfpGmbk&m;
ra[mtyfonfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mtyfonf[lí ñTefjyaom &[ef;rsm;ESifh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mtyfonfudk
jrwfpGmbk&m; ra[mtyf[lí ñTefjyaom &[ef;rsm;onf vla&mewfyg owåwdkU\ tpD;tyGm;rJhjcif;
qif;&Jjcif;iSm usifhMuolwdkUjzpfMuukef\? xdk&[ef;wdkUonf rsm;pGmaom tukodkvfw&m;udkvJ
jzpfyGm;apukef\? þomoemawmfudkvnf; uG,faysmufapukef\}} [lí vnf;aumif;? ]]t"r®udk t"r®[lí
ñTefjyMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;ç "r®udk "r®[lí ñTefjyMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;ç jrwfpGmbk&m;

tpodkU
ra[mtyfonfudk jrwfpGmbk&m; ra[mtyf[lí ñTefjyMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;

a[mtyfonfudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mtyf\[k ñTefjyMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onf vla&mewfyg
owå0gwdkU\ tpD;tyGm;jzpfjcif; csrf;omjcif;iSm usifhMuukef\? xdk&[ef;awmfwdkUonf rsm;pGmaom
ukodkvfw&m;udkvnf; jzpfyGm;apukef\? þomoemawmfudkvnf; wnfwHYapukef\}} [lí vnf;aumif;?
t*FkwdåK&fygVdawmf? yxrtkyf? {uedygwf? pmrsufESm (18)(19) wdkUü jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkif
a[mawmfrlxm;aom a'oemawmfudk OD;xdyfxm;um wynfhawmfrsm;onf t"r®udk t"r®[lí
vnf;aumif;? bk&m; ra[monfudk bk&m; ra[m[lí vnf;aumif;? ñTefjyMuygonf?
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfBuD;rsm;u vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'ESifh a½Ttbd"r®m0g'gwdkUudk
t"r®0g'tjzpf qHk;jzwfay;awmfrlMu&ef apm'emvTm wifoGif;Mujcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
3/ wynfhawmfrsm;\ apm'emyHkudk tcsdKUu oabmraygufMuyg bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh
em;vnfoabmaygufatmif tenf;i,f ½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;
apm'emMu&mü ]]t"r®0g'}} wnf;[laom rludkom tajcûyí apm'emMujcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;?
vlyk*¾dKvfrsm; pmtkyfpmwrf; pmapmif wdwfacGrsm;udk xnfhoGif;ajymMum;&jcif;onf xdk ]]t"r®0g'}} ESifh
oufqdkifaomaMumifhom rvTJom ra½Smifom ajym&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
4/ Oyrm ]]31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH}} qdkaom udprö sdK;ESifh ywfoufí OD;Ouú| jzpfap OD;0go0
jzpfap ocifjrwfqdkif jzpfap or®m'd|dokawoe toif;om;rsm; jzpfap a½Ttbd"r®mtoif;om;rsm; jzpfap
yg0ifywfoufonfom jzpfygonf bk&m;? ]]'dkUESifh rqdkif}}[lí cGJxGufí r&yg bk&m;? tjcm;aom
apm'emcsufrsm;üvnf; þenf;twlyif jzpfygonf bk&m;? ,ck oD;jcm; 0dedpä,trSwf(2) ½Hk;awmfü
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;tjzpf xnfhoGif;xm;olrsm;rSm wynfhawmfrsm; apm'emonfh tcsufrsm;udk
ajzqdkEdkifMuapjcif;iSmom jzpfygonf? trSefpifppf ½Hk;awmfu ]]t"r®0g'D}} [k qHk;jzwfvsif xdk ]]t"r®0g'}}
ESifh ywfoufoltm;vHk; ]]t"r®0g'D}} rsm;om jzpfMu&ygrnf bk&m;? odkUjzpfaomaMumifh 0g'ESifhywfoufol
rSeforQ waygif;wpnf;wnf; yg0ifNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
5/ apm'em\acgif;pOf wif&mü xHk;pHtwdkif; pum;usOf;pdrfhaomiSm vlaovljzpfOD;Ouú|0g'
or®m'd|dokawoe0g' a½Ttbd"r®m0g' [lí oHk;EIef;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? þtxJu
bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;u tcsufaygif; (21)csufudk wifjyNyD; ]]"r®}} ]]t"r®}} apm'emjcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;?
þapm'emaom tcsuf(21)csuf onfomvQif þ½Hk;awmfü w&m;0if oufqdkifaomtcsuf jzpfygonf
bk&m;/ þoabmudkem;vnfvQif rdrdwdkUonf OD;Ouú|0g'udk tm;vHk;vufcHonf r[kwf?
vufcHoifhonfudkom vufcHonf ponfjzifh ajymzG,fr½Sdyg bk&m;? ]]"r®}} ]]t"r®}} jyóem

tpodkU
rjzpfaomtcsufrsm; usef½Sdao;onfqdku rdrdwdkUoabmtwdkif;yifjzpfonf/ wynfhawmfwdkU\

apm'emcsufESifh roufqdkifyg bk&m;/
6/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| ponfwdkUtay: apm'em&jcif; taMumif;udkvnf; þae&mwGif
½Sif;vif; avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;? bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm; wifoGif;cJhaom yxrapm'emed'gef;ü
azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;\ vGwfvyfpGm ,HkMunfrIudk rnfodkUrQajymzG,f rvdkyg bk&m;?
0dedpä,wifí apm'emqdkonfum; tdyfrufyif rufzdkUudpö r[kwfyg bk&m;? odkU&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiH
wpf0ef;vHk;½Sd &mEIef;(80)ausmfrQjzpfaom Ak'¨bmom0if jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvHk;ESifh wpfodef;ausmf
oHCmawmfwdkU\ tjrwfwEdk; udk;uG,f&mjzpfaom oH*g,em(6)wefwif edum,fig;&yf?
yd#uwfoHk;oG,fwdkUESifhwuG xdkAk'¨bmom&[ef;½SifvlwdkU\ "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk abmifausmfí xdyg;
ykwfcwfvmjcif;ç rdrdxif&m ûyvkyfjcif;rsm;twGufudkrl oufqdkif&m Ak'¨bmom0if&[ef;½SifvlwdkUu
ckcHumuG,fMu&rnfh wm0ef½Sdygonf bk&m;/
7/ ydkí xif½Sm;pGmavQmufxm;&ygvQif OD;Ouú|wdkUvlpku (31)bHkudk vufrcH[k qdkvQif
bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm; taejzifh rnfodkYrQajymzG,f r½Sdyg bk&m;? usefAk'¨bmom0ifrsm;uvnf;
rnfodkUrQajymMurnf r[kwfyg bk&m;? olwdkY[molwdkU (31)bHkruvdkU (303)bHkudkyif vufrcHcHç
taeomBuD;[k wGufqMurnf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
8/ odkUaomf ...
9/ þ ]]odkUaomfum;}} tvGef ta&;BuD;ygonf bk&m;? (31)bHkudk rdrd vufrcHonfudk
Ak'¨bmom&[ef;½Sifvltrsm; tjrwfwEdk; udk;uG,f&mjzpfonfh Ak'½&Sifawmfbk&m;udk qGJxnfhNyD; ]]31-bHk0g'
Ak'¨vufrcH}} [lí vkyfvmaomtcg vGwfvyfpGm,HkMunfrIabmifudk ausmfvGefNyD; EdkifiHwpf0ef;½Sd Ak'¨bmom
&[ef;½Sifvlrsm;\ ,HkMunfrIudk xdyg;apmfum;vmjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? þuJhodkU rdrd,HkMunf½HkwGif
raebJ Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifudk ckwHk; vkyfNyD; olwyg;,HkMunfrIudk apmfum;vm;jcif;onf tajccHOya'u
ay;xm;aom tcGifhta&;udk tvGJoHk;pm;ûyjcif;jzpfí &mZ0wfrI usL;vGefjcif;wpfrsdK;yif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
xdkenf;twl bk&m;½Sif ra[monfudk ta[mç bk&m;½Sif a[monfudk ra[mûyvkyfí
yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk uarmufur ajymif;qefatmif vkyfjcif;ç tpOftvm Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rI"avh
xHk;pHrsm;udkjyuf&,favSmifajymif apmfum;jcif; ponfwdkUudk ûyvkyfMujcif;onfvnf; abmifausmfí
jypfrIusL;vGefjcif; wpfrsdK;yif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
10/ þuJhodkU OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG or®m'd|dokawoevlwpfpkwdkU\ wkdif;jynftwGuf
pD;yGm;a&;vnf; r[kwf? BuD;yGm;a&;vnf; r[kwf? oufouf tydkvkyfaom Ak'¨bmomqefUusifa&;

tpodkU
tvkyfrsm;udk vkyfonfhtwGufaMumifh wpfEdkifiHvHk;½Sd &[ef;½Sifvl jynfolrsm; pdwfESvHk; rcsrf;rajrh

jzpfcJhMu&onf? wynfhawmfrsm;vnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUESifhtwl cHpm;cJhMu&ygonf bk&m;/
11/ odkUjzpfygaomaMumifh EdkifiHawmftwGif;ü &[ef;½Sifvl jynfolvlxkwdkUtm; 'ku©ay;aeaom
ab;qdk; tEÅ&m,fqdk;rS uif;Nidrf;csrf;omygap[k &nfoefvsuf bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;u trsm;udk,fpm;
,ckvdk apm'em&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? þodkU apm'emonfhtrIudk ûyonfhtwGuf wpfbufu
rkef;wD;jcif; cH&rIç vkyfief; aqmif½Guf&onfhtwGuf yifyef;rIrsm; ½SdvQifvnf; ]]igwdkUonf udk,fusdK;twGuf
r[kwf? trsm;tusdK;twGuf omoemawmftusdK;twGuf aqmif½Gufjcif; jzpfayonfwum;}} [lí
ESvHk;xm;Murnf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
12/ ,cktcsdefupí bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;tm; wpfbufpk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm; ydkrdk
oabmaygufap&ef &nfoefí 0daooapm'emorI tcGifhûyawmfrlygawmh bk&m;/

tpodkU
0daooapm'em trSwf (1)

1/ OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkUonf bmomrJh ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emyg
bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
1/ txufyg pum;&yfü-
(u) bmomonf bdef;ESifh wlonf[laom pGyfpGJcsuf?
(c) um&uç a0'u=ûyvkyfolç cHpm;olonf ½kyfjzpfonf [laom tcsuf?
(*) emrfw&m;onf ½kyf\ tckd;owådç ½kyf\ t[kef [laomtcsuf?
(C) ½kyfvnf; emrfç emrfvnf; ½kyf tjyeftvSef 'GefwGJaeonf [laom tcsuf -
tm;jzifh t"du tcsufav;csuf yg0ifygonf bk&m;? xdktcsufav;csufrSm w&m;awmfESifh ravsmfaom
t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif; om"ujzifh wifjyavQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
2/ yxrOD;pGm Ak'¨bmomonf bdef;ESifhrwlyHkudk avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;/
3/ bmomonf bdef;ESifhwlonf[laom tcsufü bdef;onf pGJapouJhodkU bmomonfvnf;
pGJaponf? bdef;onf tusdK;rJhudk jzpfapouJhodkU bmomonfvnf; tusdK;rJhudk jzpfaponf? bdef;onf
awGa0xdkif;rIdif;ap ouJhodkU bmomonfvnf; awGa0xdkif;rIdif;aponf[k OD;Ouú|uqdk&m a&mufygonf
bk&m;/
4/ bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;tay:ü pdwfa&mufí ouf0if,HkMunfrIonf wPSmjzifh
pGJ,louJhodkU pGJ,lrIrsdK; r[kwfyg? rwkefrvIyf ouf0ifMunfvifaom o'¨gw&m;om jzpfygonf?
xdko'¨gw&m;rSm ÓPfESifh,SOfí &ifhusuf jrifhrm;vmaomtcg Ncdrf;ajcmufzsufqD;ívnf; r&onfrSm
"eÍÆmeD0w¬Kjzifh xif½Sm;ouJhodkU jzm;a,mif;í r&onfrSmvnf; okyÜAk'ük|d0w¬Kjzifh xif½Sm;apygonf
bk&m;? þodkU rwkefrvIyf ouf0ifjcif;udk npfEGrf;aom wPSmayrtpGJ[k rac:&yg? xufoefaom
,HkMunfrIç oefU½Sif;aom o'¨gw&m;[kom ac: qdk&ygonf bk&m;/
5/ xdkodkU ouf0if,HkMunfívnf; tusdK;,kwfaponf r[kwfyg? avmu"mwfwpf&yfvHk;wGif
tjrwfqHk;&wemrsm;jzpfí ouf0if,HkMunfolrsm;tm; tjrwfqHk;aumif;usdK;rsm; wdk;yGm;aponfrSm
&wemoHk;yg;udk wu,fqnf;uyfolrsm; vufawGU od½SdMuygonf? xdkUjyif-
t*Fkwå&edum,f? t*¾yom'okwf(343)vm Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmf t&vnf; xif½Sm;vSygonf
bk&m;/

tpodkU
a, bdu©a0 Aka'¨ yoEém? ta*¾ aw yoEém? ta*¾ acg ye yoEémeH ta*¾g 0dygaum
a[mwd/
a, bdu©a0 0d&ma* "ar® yoEém? ta*¾ aw yoEém? ta*¾ acg ye yoEémeH ta*¾g
0dygaum a[mwd/
a, bdu©a0 oHaC yoEém? ta*¾ aw yoEém? ta*¾ acg ye yoEémeH ta*¾g 0dygaum
a[mwd/ ( tH 1? 343/)
&[ef;wdkU tMuifolwdkUonf Ak'¨jrwfpGm&wemüvnf;aumif;? &m*uif;aMumif; aumif;aom
w&m;ü vnf;aumif;? oHCmawmfüvnf;aumif; MunfñdkukeftHh? xdkolwdkUonf avmu"mwfwpf&yfvHk;wGif
tjrwfqHk; &wemay:ü Munfñdkol rnfukef\? tjrwfqHk; bk&m;&wemü MunfñdkolwdkUtm;
tjrwfqHk;tusdK;w&m; jzpf\/
6/ bdef;onf awGa0xdkif;rdIif;apouJhodkU bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk atmufarhrI
udk;uG,frIonf awGa0xdkif;rdIif;aponf r[kwfyg? trSefrSm ajzmifhrwfjzLpif Munfvif½Tifys okccsrf;om
eef;trwmodkUyif a&mufapEdkifaMumif; t*Fkwå&edum,? r[memrokwft& odomvSygonf bk&m;? ,ck
xdkokwfawmfudk om"u tjzpf xkwfaqmifjyygrnf bk&m;/
£" r[memr t&d,om0aum xxm*wH tEkó&wd/y/ ae0ó wo®ð ora,
&m*y&d,k|dwH pdwåH a[mwd? e a'goy&d,k|dwH pdwåH a[mwd? e arm[y&d,k|dwH pdwåH a[mwd?
OZk*war0ó woð® ora, pdwåH a[mwd wxm*wH tm&AÇ/ OZk*wpdawåm acg ye r[memr
t&d,om0aum vbwd tw¬a0'H? vbwd "r®a0'H? vbwd "r®LyoH[dwH ygarmZÆH? yrk'dwó
yDwd Zm,wd? yDwdreó uma,m yórÇwd? yó'üma,m okcH a0'd,wd? okcdaem pdwåH
orm"d,wd/ t,H 0kpöwd r[memr t&d,om0aum 0dor*wm, yZm, oryÜawåm 0d[&wd?
oAsmyZÆm, yZm, tAsmyaZÆm 0d[&wd? "r®aomwH ormyaEém Ak'¨gEkówð bma0wd/
( tH 2? 252/)
«rSwfcsuf/ /"r® oHC wdkUvnf; enf;wlyg bk&m;/»
r[memrf þomoemawmfü t&d,mwynfhonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfudk tzefzef
atmufarh\/y/
r[memrf t&d,mwynfhonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfudkatmufarhaom tcgü xdkt&d,mwynfhtm;
&m*x<u aomif;usef;aom pdwf rjzpf? xdktcg xdkyk*d¾Kvftm; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfawmfudk tm½Hkûyí
ajzmifhrwfaom pdwfomvQif jzpf\/

tpodkU
r[memrf ajzmifhrwfaom pdwf½Sdaom t&d,mwynfhonf *kPfawmf\ teuft"dyÜg,fudk rSDí

jzpfaom 0rf;ajrmufrIudk &\? ygVdudk rSDíjzpfaom 0rf;ajrmufrIudk &\? ESpfoufaom pdwf½Sdaom ol\
udk,fonf Nidrf;csrf;\? Nidrf;csrf;aomudk,f ½Sdolonf csrf;omudk cHpm;&\? csrf;omaomol\ pdwfonf
wnfMunf\/
r[memrf þt&d,mwynfhudk rNidrfoufjcif;odkUa&mufaom owå0gtaygif;wGif Nidrfoufjcif;odkU
a&mufvsufaeol? qif;&Jjcif;½Sdaom owå0gtaygif;wGif qif;&Jjcif;r½Sdonfjzpfí aeol (0dyóemÓPf[k
qdktyfaom) w&m;t,OfodkU a&mufvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfudk tzefzef atmufarhjcif;=
Ak'¨gEkówdur®Xmef;udk yGm;rsm;ol[k qdktyfyg\/ (tif? jref? 2? 327/)
7/ þ bk&m;a[mazmf ygVdawmfrsm;t& bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk
udk;uG,frIqdkif&m Ak'¨bmomonf -
(u) wPSmayrpGJukd rjzpfapbJ MunfvifrIo'¨gw&m;udkom wdk;yGm;apjcif;?
(c) tusdK;rJhudk rjzpfapbJ tusdK;pD;yGm;udkom jzpfapjcif;?
(*) awGa0xdkif;rIdif;rIudk rjzpfapbJ Munfvif½TifysrIudk jzpfapjcif;?
xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨bmomonf bdef;ESifhwlaom t&mr[kwfay? Ak'¨bmomudk bdef;ESifhwlonf[k qdkygu
omoemawmfudk zsufqD;vdkaom y'k|pdwfxm;jzifh vlrsdK;jcm; bmomjcm;wdkU\ ]&DvD;*sifh} [laom pum;udk
yg;pyftiSg; xnfhrd&mrS aygufzGm;vmaom t"r®0g'om jzpfygaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
þtcsufudk axmufvQif OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ wynfhrsm;onf ouFef;0wfí Ak'¨bmom
trnfcHxm;aomfvnf; bmomrJhrsm;yif jzpfonfrSm xif&Sm;ygonf bk&m;/

8/ ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfyHk qufvuf avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;? um&uç a0'u onf
½kyfjzpfonf[laom t,ltqrSm-
ur®ó um&aum ew¬d? 0dyguó p a0'aum/
ok'¨"r®m y0wåEdÅ? {0arwH or®'óeH/ (0dok'¨dr*f? 2? 237/)
[laom 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmvm *gxmudk ½kyf0g'ESifh nDatmif vdkovdkqGJ,lxm;jcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
9/ xdk*gxm\ qdkvdk&if;tcsufrSm ]]uHudk ûyvkyfol twår&Sd? tusdK;udk cHpm;ol twåvnf;r&Sd
trSefrSm ½kyf-emrf "r® y&rw¬w&m;wdkU oufoufom (aMumif;usdK;qufum) jzpfMuukef\?
þodkU½IjrifrIonf rSefuefaomtjrifjzpf\}} [líom qdkvdk&if; jzpfygonf? ûyvkyfol um&uç cHpm;ol

tpodkU
a0'uonf ½kyfwHk;½kyfcJjzpf\[k ,lvQif ½kyfw&m;udk twå[k ,l&ma&mufí ]]½lyH twåawm orEkyówd=

½kyfudk twå[k ½Ijrif\}} [laom twå'd|d (ouúm,'d|d)om jzpf&um; t"r®0g'om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
10/ xdkUjyif emrfw&m;onf ½kyf\tcdk;owåd ½kyf\t[kef [laomtcsuf? ½kyfvnf; emrfç
emrfvnf; ½kyf[laom tcsufonfvnf; trSm;oufoufom jzpfygonf bk&m;? y&rwåw&m;rSeforQonf
aMumif;usdK; qufoG,f½HkrQ qufoG,fNyD; udk,fhobm0 udk,fo
h wåd udk,fpD½SdaeMuygonf bk&m;? emrfonf
½kyf\ tcdk;owåd r[kwfovkd ½kyfonfvnf; emrf\ tcdk;owåd r[kwfMuyg? emrfonf ½kyfrS oD;jcm;
jzpfouJhodkY ½kyfvnf; emrfrS woD;wjcm;yif jzpfygonf bk&m;? odkUygí emrfw&m;onf ½kyf\tcdk;owåd
½kyf\t[kef[laomf\ ajymqdkcsufonfvnf;aumif;? ½kyfvnf; emrf emrfvnf; ½kyf [laom
ajymqdkcsufonfvnf;aumif; trSm;oufouf t"r®0g' omjzpfygaMumif; 0dok'd¨r*ft|uxm
'kwd,tkyfvm pum;jzifh ydkrdkxif½Sm;vSygonf bk&m;/
,x p '@mbd[wH ab&ð edóm, oa'´ y0wårmae tnm ab&D? tanm oa'´g?
ab&do'´g tor®dóm? ab&D oa'é oknm? oa'´g ab&d,m okanm? {0ar0H
0w¬K'Gg&m&r®PocFgwH ½lyH edóm, emar y0wårmae tnH ½lyH? tnH emrH? emr½lyg tor®dóm?
emrH ½laye oknH? ½lyH emare oknH? tyd p acg ab&ð y#dpö oa'´g 0d, ½lyH y#dpö emrH y0wåwd/
(0dok'¨dr*f? 2? 230/)
wkwfjzifh acguftyfaom pnfukdrSDí toH jzpfay:&m pnfwjcm; toHwjcm; jzpfouJhodkU? pnfESifh
toHwdkU obm0csif; ra&m,SufouJhodkU? pnfonf toHrS qdwfokOf;NyD; toHonf pnfrS
qdwfokOf;ouJhodkU þtwl 0w¬K 'Gg& tm½Hk ½kyfudk rSDí emrf jzpfay:vmaomfvnf; ½kyfwjcm; emrfwjcm;om
jzpf\? emrfESifh½kyfwdkUonf obm0csif; ra&m,SufMu? emrfonf ½kyfrS qdwfokOf;cJh\? ½kyfonf
emrfrSqdwfokOf;\? pifppfum; pnfudkpGJí toH jzpfouJhodkU ½kyfudk pGJí emrfjzpfay:jcif;om jzpfavonf/
½lyH y#dpö emrH y0wåwd (½kyfudk tpGJûyí emrf jzpf\) ü tn0g'DwdkU ajymouJhodkU ½kyfu emrfudk
jzpfaponf r[kwfyg? y#dpö [laom ygVdpum;vHk;udk em;vnfvQif þjyóem r½Iyfyg? y#dpö [laom
ygVdpum;vHk;udk em;rvnf&mrS tjrifrSm;jcif; jzpfygonf? 0w¬K½kyf 'Gg&½kyfrsm;onf emrfw&m;\ wnfrSD&m
edó,owåd? tm½kH ½kyfrsm;u tm&r®Powådrsm;jzifh emrfjzpfvmatmif axmufyHhulnD aus;Zl;ûyonf udkom
qdkvdk&if; jzpfygaMumif; odaptyfygonf bk&m;/
þt&monfum; q&mawmf oHCmawmfrsm;xHrS y|mef;usrf;txd aocsmpGm avhvmoif,l
qnf;yl;NyD;rS em;vnfEdkifrnfht&m? odkYr[kwf ,if;odkU avhvmzl;olwdkUu aoaocsmcsm tus,fw0ifh a&;jy
ajymjyrS em;vnfEdkifrnfht&m jzpfygonf? þwGifum; ½Hk;awmfjzpfí ½kyfvnf; emrf emrfvnf; ½kyf[laom
t,lonf "r®pnf;rsOf;ESifh rnDaMumif; odom½Hk vdk&if;udkom tusOf;rQ avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/
tpodkU

2/ vlaovljzpf[lí pdwful;ayguf&m vdkufvHa[majym a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuf
yg bk&m;/
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufaemufygwdkUonf ]]vlaovQif vlom jzpfonf}} [laom
0g'udk a[majyma&;om;vsuf bk&m;½Sif omoemawmfBuD;udk zsufqD;aeMuaMumif;udk (30-6-80) aeUu
þ oD;jcm; 0dedpä,½Hk;awmfü bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm; omrntm;jzifh apm'em wifoGif;cJhNyD; jzpfygonf
bk&m;/
,ck xdkomrnapm'emcsufudk ygVdawmfom"uwdkUjzifh 0daooapm'emtjzpf wifoGif;
avQmufxm; yg&ap bk&m;/
]]vlaovQif vlom jzpfonf}} [laom 0g'onf atmufyg rEkópkwded&,okwf paom ygVdawmf
rsm;ESifh ajzmifhajzmifhBuD; qefUusifaeygonf bk&m;/
tx acg b*0g y&dwåH ecodcg,H yHokH tma&maywGm bdu©L tmraEÅod ]]wH uð rnx
bdu©a0? uwrH Ek acg A[kw&H? a,m 0g,H r,m y&dawåm ecodcg,H yHok tma&mydawm? t,H
0g r[myx0D}} wd/
{0ar0 acg bdu©a0 tyÜum aw owåm a, rEkóm pkwm rEkaóok ypömZm,EÅd/ tx
acg {aw0 A[kw&m owåm? a, rEkóm pkwm ed&a, ypömZm,EÅd/y/ wd&pämea,med,m
ypömZm,EÅd /y/ aywåd0doa, ypömZm,EÅd /y/ a'a0ok ypöZm,EÅd /y/ ed&a, ypömZm,EÅd /y/
wd&pämea,med,m ypömZm,EÅd /y/ aywåd0doa, ypömZm,EÅd/ (oH? 3? 412)
jrefrmjyef
xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vufonf;zsm;ay:ü ajrrIefUtenf;i,fudk wifxm;í ]]&[ef;wdkU
xdkt&mudk tb,fodkU rSwfxifukefoenf;? vufonf;zsm;ay:ü igwifxm;aom ajrrIefUESifh þ(urÇm)
ajrBuD;onf tb,fu ydkí rsm;oenf;}} [k &[ef;wdkUudk rdefUawmfrl\? t½Sifbk&m; þ(urÇm)ajrBuD;uom
ydkí rsm;yg\? vufonf;zsm;ay:ü jrwfpGmbk&m; wifxm;awmfrlaom ajrrIefUonf tenf;i,fomwnf;?
(urÇm) ajrBuD;udk axmufqí vufonf;zsm;ay:ü jrwfpGmbk&m; wifxm;awmfrlaom ajrrIefUonf
ra&rwGufavmuf rEIdif;,SOfavmuf tpdwftydkif;odkUvnf; ra&mufEdkifyg[k(avQmufukef\) &[ef;wdkU
þtwlyif vlUb0rS pkawí vlUb0ü jyefjzpfMuaom owå0gwdkUonf enf;ygukef\? pifppftm;jzifh
vlUb0rS pkawí i&JüjzpfMuaom owå0gwdkUonfom ydkí rsm;ukef\/ y/ wd&pämefrsdK;ü jzpfukefaom

tpodkU
owå0gwdkUonfom ydkí rsm;ukef\/y/ Nydwåmb0ü jzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUonfom ydkírsm;ukef\/ (oH?

jref? 3? 418/)
þenf;twl ewfbHkç i&JbHkç NydwåmbHkwdkUrS pkawí vlUbHkü vlvmjzpfol enf;yg;í i&Jç wd&pämefç
NydwåmbHkwdkUü jzpfMuolwdkUom rsm;vSyHkwdkUudkvnf; r[m0*¾oH,kwåygVd? yÍö*wday,smv0*f ü
½Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlxm;ayonf/ (oH? 3? 412? 413? 44/)
vlaovljzpfjyóem pmrsufESm (191? 192)wdkUü OD;Ouú|\ om0uBuD; ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]at;...
bmoma&;q&mawG ajymovdk vlUtjzpf vlUb0 &if;pm;jyef&zdkUawmif b,favmuf cJ,Of;oav;ç
b,ftusifh oDv½SdrSav;ç b,f'ge ygrS qdk'gawGrsdK; rif;u ,Hkcsifao;ovm;uG? 'gawGu pm;vrf;yJ}}
qdkaom pum;onf bk&m;½Sif a'oemawmfudk rnfrQ usL;ausmfapmfum;xm;onfudk txift½Sm;
awGUjrifEdkifygonf bk&m;/

]],awm p acg bdu©a0 rmwmydwa&mp oEédywdwm a[mEÅd? rmwm p OwkeD a[mwd?
*EäAÁmp ypöKy|dawm a[mwd/ {0H wdPÖH oEédygwm *AÇó0uúEÅd a[mwd}} (r 1/ 332)
[laom rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf? r[mwPSmocF,okwfü-
(1) rdbavmif; ESpfOD; qHkqnf;jcif;?
(2) rdcifavmif; OwkvmNyD;p jzpfjcif;?
(3) y#doaEäernfh owå0gu a½S;½Iwnfcdkuf êuHjcif;
[lí y#doaE¨wnfaejcif;\ taMumif;oHk;yg;udk jy&mygVdawmfü ]*EÄÁ} \ t& udkvnf;
vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh udkufnDatmif MuHaqmifí vlaorS xGufvmaom Oo®m"mwfysuf 0ga,m"mwf[k ,lNyD;
xdk*EÄÁ"mwfu ¤if;udk ½IrdwJh rdbavmif;wdkU&J aoG;eJU a&mpyfNyD; vljzpfvmonf[k a&;om;yHkrsm;onfvnf;
bk&m;½SiftmabmfESifh rdk;ESifh ajravmuf uGmaeygonf bk&m;/
trSefrSm ]]*EäAÁmwd wêwy*oawåm}} (r? |? 2? 10/) [laom t|uxmESifhtnD trd0rf;wdkufodkU
uyfa&mufxdkufaom pkawcgeD; owå0gudkom *EÄÁt& ,l&rnf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-

OD;Ouú|wdkUonf "r®pMum tewåvu©P y#dpöorkyÜg'f-þoHk;rsdK;avmufom bk&m;a[m[k
,HkMunfcsifonfqdkayrJh vlaovljzpf0g'bufodkU qGJiifí &rnfxifonfh okwfwcsdKUudkrS bk&m;a[mqdkNyD;

tpodkU
cyfwnfwnfjzifh ckwHk;vkyfjyefygonf bk&m;? þwGif oHa,m*okwfukd toHk;csxm;yHkudk Munfhawmfrlyg

bk&m;/
oHa,m*okwfü bk&m;½Sifuyif vlaovljzpf a[mav[ef r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuH pGyfpGJxm;ygonf
bk&m;? odkUaomf oHa,m*okwftrSefukd xif½Sm;odomatmif ygVdrS xkwfaqmif wifjyygrnf bk&m;/
£w¬d bdu©a0 tZÑwåH £w¬dNEd´,H reod ua&mwd £w¬dukwåH £w¬muyÜH £w¬0d"H £w¬dpäE´H
£w¬dó&H £w¬mvuFm&H/ om ww¬ &ZÆwd? wMwmbd&rwd? om ww¬ &wåm wMwmwd&wm
A[d'¨g yk&dodNE´d,H reod ua&mwd yk&doukwåH ykeHomuyÜH yk&do0d"H yk&dopäE´H yk&doó&H
yk&domvuFm&H om ww¬ &ZÆwd? wMwmbd&rwd/ om ww¬ &w¬m wMwmbd&wm A[d'¨g oHa,m*H
tmucFwd? ,Íöóm oHa,m*ypö,m OyÜZÆwd okcH aomreóH? wÍö tmucFwd/ £w¬awå bdu©a0
tbd&wm owåm yk&daook oHa,m*H *wm/ {0H acg bdu©a0 £w¬D £w¬wåH emwd0wåwd/ (tH? 2?
441)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU rdef;rwdkUonf rdrdoEÅmefü rdef;r£aÈúdk ESvHk;oGif;\? rdef;rtrlt&m? rdef;rtoGiftjyif?
rdef;r\[ef rdef;r\ tvdkqE´? rdef;r\toH rdef;r\ t0wfwefqmudk ESvHk;oGif;\? xdkrdef;ronf
£w¬daÈ´ paom w&m;ckepfrsdK;wdkUü wyfruf\? xdkckepfrsdK;aom w&m;wdkUü arGUavsmf\? xdkrdef;ronf
xdkw&m;ckepfrsdK;wdkUü wyfESpfoufonf arGUavsmfonf jzpfí tyoEÅmefü ½Sdaom yk&dodaÈúdk ESvHk;oGif;\?
a,mufsm;trlt&m? a,mufsm;toGiftjyif? a,musfm;\[ef? a,mufsm;\ tvdkqE´? a,mufsm;\toH?
a,mufsm;\ t0wfwefqmudk ESvHk;oGif;\? xdkrdef;ronf yk&dodaÈ´ paom w&m;ckepfrsdK;wdkUü wyfruf\?
xdkckepfrsdK;aom w&m;wdkUü arGUavsmf\? xdkrdef;ronf xdkw&m;ckepfrsdK;wdkUü wyfESpfoufonf
arGUavsmfonfjzpfí tyoEÅmefü(arxkefESifh) ,SOfrIudk tvdk½Sd\? xdkrdef;rtm; (arxkefESifh) ,SOfrI[laom
taMumif;aMumifhjzpfaom csrf;omrI 0rf;ajrmufrI udkvnf; tvdk½Sd\? &[ef;wdkU rdef;rtjzpfü
arGUavsmfukefaom owå0gwdkUonf a,mufsm;wdkUü arxkefESifh ,SOfrI odkUa&muf\? &[ef;wdkU þodkUvQif
rdef;ronf rdef;r\ tjzpfudk rvGefajrmufEdkif/ (tifjref? 2? 556)
xdkUjyif trowå0gonf trowå0gtjzpfrS vGefajrmufí tzdkjzpfvmyHk? tzdkowå0gonf
tzdkowå0gtjzpfrS vGefajrmufí trjzpfoGm;yHkudkvnf; ajymif;jyeftm;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrlygonf bk&m;/
þokwfonf ouúm,'d|dESifh b0wPSmudk tajccHNyD; tzdktr jzpfwwfyHktMurf;pm;udk
a'oemtpOf a&mufonftm;avsmfpGm a[mjcif;jzpfonf? þokwfu tjcm;aom okwfwdkUudk

tpodkU
ajczsufjcif;r[kwf? þokwf\ a[mMum;csufonf ]]vlaovQif vlomjzpf&rnf}} [kqdkum

pdwful;,OftwGuf oufaorcH? xdkaMumifh OD;Ouú|tzdkU tm;udk;rSm;jcif;om jzpfayonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufu emrnfBuD;cJhaom oD[ppfolBuD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk
Mum;em&í aomwmyef t&d,mtjzpfodkU a&mufNyD;aemuf bk&m;½SifodkU qGrf;bkOf;ay; yifhavQmufcef;ü-
tx acg oDa[m aoemywd 'd|"ar®m ywå"ar®m 0d'dw"ar®m y&da,m*gV"ar®m
wdPÖ0dpdudapäm 0d*wuxHuaxm a0om&ZÆyÜ awåm ty&yÜpöa,m ow¬Komoae b*0EÅH
{w'a0gp - (tH? 3? 30/)
[k t*Fkwå&edum,f? oD[okwfygVdawmfü vm½Sdygonf bk&m;? xdkESifhtvm;wl pum;&yfrsm;
xdkxdkygVdawmfwdkUü vm½Sdygonf bk&m;/
txufyg 'd|"ar®m? ywå"ar®m paomygVdudk OD;Ouú|vdk teufay;vQifjzifh bk&m;½Sifvufxufu
oD[ppfolBuD;onf þomoem 2500-ausmfrS ay:vmaom OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpfpdwful;,Ofudk
'd|jrifí aomwmyefjzpfonf[k qdkp&m jzpfaeygonf? wu,fawmh OD;Ouú|ajympum;rsm;udk
pdppfMunfhavç &,fzG,faumif;avjzpfaMumif;awGUMu&ygonf bk&m;/
trSefppfppf t|uxmtzGifhESifhtnD 'd|"ar®m paom yk'fwdkUonf t&d,opömw&m;udk
ÓPfjzifhjrifNyD;aom t&d,opöm w&m;odkU ÓPfjzifh qdkufa&mufNyD;aom t&d,opömw&m;udk odNyD;aom
t&d,opömw&m;odkU ouf0ifNyD;aom bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmç odu©moHk;&yf ponfwdkUü ,HkrSm;rIwdkUudk
vGefajrmufNyD;aom odkUavmç odkUavm awG;awmrI uif;NyD;aom ½GHU½Sm;jcif;uif; &Jwif;ol\tjzpfodkU
a&mufaom bk&m;½Sifomoemawmfü rdrdrSwyg; tjcm;oludk tm;rudk;awmhaom aomwmyef
t&d,m\*kPfudk azmfjyaomyk'frsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
ed,awmwd oarÁm"dy&m,aem [laom yk'fwdkUudkvnf;-
ed,awmwd yXrr*¾ocFgawe or®wåed,mare ed,awm/ oarÁm"dy&m,aemwd
Owå&dr*¾wå,ocFgawm oarÁm"d y&H t,eH r,SEÅd aom[H oarÁm"dy&m,aem? wH oarÁm"ð t0óH
tbdorÁKZÑeaumwd taw¬m/ (oH? |? 2? 68/)
or®wåed,mr[k qdktyfaom yXrr*fonf ckepfb0rStxuf rjzpfzdkU&ef owfrSwftyfaom (0g)
ckepfb0rStxuf rjzpfjcif;oabmtm;jzifh NrJaom opömav;yg;udk odNyD;aom aomwmywådr*frS wyg;aom
txufr*foHk;yg;[laom vJavsmif;&m½Sdaom aomwmyefyk*¾dKvf [kyif zGifhjycJhygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

OD;Ouú|onf xdkaomwmyef*kPf&nfrsm;udk ol\ vlaovljzpf0g'ü wyfqifí crf;crf;em;em;BuD;
vkyfjyvkdufjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? odkUaomf t"r®0g' jzpfaMumif;udkrl ynm½Sdq&mawmfrsm;u
qHk;jzwfay;awmf rlMuyg bk&m;/

tpodkU

3/ (31)bHkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; vufrcH[lí rSm;,Gif;pGm a&;om;a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí
0daooapm'em csufyg bk&m;/
apm'emtrSwf (3)wGif-
(u) vlaoNyD;aemuf i&J wd&pämef Nydwåm tol&um,f rjzpfEdkif [lívnf;aumif;? ewfESifhjA[®m
rjzpfEdkif [lívnf;aumif; qdkxm;jcif;?
(c) vlESifhwd&pämef (2)bHkudkomvufcHjcif;ç Nydwåm tol&um,f i&JbHkwdkUudk
rsufawGUvufawGUr[kwf pdwful;,Of[k qdkxm;jcif;?
(*) aumif;uifudkMunfhwJh rSefajymif;BuD;rsm;jzifh MunfhvdkufwJhtcg ewfjynf
jA[®mjynfawGqdkwm b,fa&mufukefrSef;rod[k qdkxm;jcif;?
(C) ewf jA[®m odMum;qdkwm pdwful;,Ofowå0gawG[k qdkxm;jcif;?
wdkUudk wynfhawmfrsm; axmufjycJhygonf bk&m;/
þa&;om; zGifhqdkcsufrsm;udk aumufcsufcsvdkufaomtcg(31)bHkudk vufrcH[k ajymvdkufjcif;yif
jzpfygonf bk&m;? þae&mwGif bk&m;a[m (31) bHkudk odom½HkrQ xkwfjyygrnf bk&m;?
(u) vlaoNyD;aemuf vltjzpf enf;yg;í i&Jwd&pämef Nydwåm tol&um,f
tjzpfrsm;yHktaMumif;udk bk&m;ocifu t*FkwådK&fygVdawmfü þodkU wdwdusus a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
ao,sxmyd bdu©a0 tyÜrwåuH £ro®ð ZrÁK'Day tm&mr &mraP,suH 0e&mraP,suH
blrd&mraP,suH aygu©&Pd&mraP,suH/ tx acg {wa'0 A[kw&H? ,'d'H OuúLv 0dulvH
e'D0d'k*¾H cgPkuP³u|meH yAÁw0dorH/ {0ar0H acg bdu©a0 tyÜum aw owåm? a, rEkóm
pkwm rEkaóok ypöZm,EÅd/ tx acg {aw0 owåm A[kw&m? a, rEkóm pkwm ed&a,
ypömZm,EÅd/ y / wd&pämea,med,m ypömZm,EÅd/ y / aywåd0doa, ypömZm,EÅd/ (tH? 1? 39/)
jrefrmjyef
]]&[ef;wdkU þZrÁL'dyfü arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom t&H? arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom awm?
arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom ajr t&yf? arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom a&uefonf tenf;i,frQom ½Sd\?
pifppfaomfum; csdKifh0Srf;jrifharmufaomajr? oGm;vm ul;cufaom jrpf? opfikwfql;ajimifh½Sdaom t&yf?
rnDñGwfaom awmifwdkUom rsm;ouJhodkU ... &[ef;wdkU þtwlyifvQif vlUjynfrS pkawí vljynfüyif
wpfzef jyefjzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUonf enf;yg;ukef\? pifppfaomfum; vlUjynfrSpkawí
tpodkU
i&JbHküjzpfukefaom /y/ wd&päämefbHkü jzpfukefaom /y/ NydwåmbHküjzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUom rsm;ukef\/}}

(tifjref? 1? 48/)
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;--
þ bk&m;a[mw&m;awmfrsm;t& vlaovQif vljyefjzpfol enf;yg;í vlaovQif i&J wd&pämef
Nydwåm tyg,fbHkü tjzpfrsm;aMumif; od&ygonf bk&m;/
,ckwpfzef vlaoNyD;aemuf ewfjynfü tjzpfenf;í tyg,fbHkü tjzpfrsm;aMumif; om"uudkvnf;
xkwfaqmifjyygrnf bk&m;/
{0ar0H acg bdu©a0 tyÜum aw owåm? a, rEkóm pkwm a'a0ok ypömZ,EÅd/ tx
acg {aw0 owåm A[kw&m? a, rEkóm pkwm ed&a, ypömZm,EÅd? wd&pämea,med,m
ypömZm,EÅd? aywåd0doa, ypömZm,EÅd/ (tH? 1? 39/)
jrefrmjyef
]]&[ef;wdkU þtwlyifvQif vlUjynfrS pkawí ewfjynfwdkUü jzpfMuukefaom owå0gwdkUonf
enf;yg;ukef\? pifppfaomfum; vlUjynfrS pkawí i&JbHkü jzpfMuukefaom wd&pämefrsdK;ü jzpfMuukefaom
NydwåmbHkü jzpfMuukefaom owå0gwdkUom rsm;ukef\}}/ (tifjref? 1? 48/)
txufaz:jyyg bk&m;w&m;awmf (pum;awmf)t& vlaoNyD;aemuf ewf tjzpfenf;í tyg,fbHk
ta&mufrsm;aMumif; oufaoom"uudk awGUEdkifygonf bk&m;? þodkUawGUEdkifaomaMumifh ewfbHk
jA[®mbHkESifh tyg,fbHkwdkUudk y,fjcif;onf a½Twd*HkapwDudk vuf0g;apmif;ckwfNyD; zsuf&ef êud;pm;ouJhodkU
jzpfacsonf/
(c) vlESifhwd&pämef 2-bHkudkom vufcHjcif;? Nydwåm tol&um,f i&JbHkwdkUudk rsufawGU
vufawGUr[kwf? pdwful;,Of [k qdkjcif;rSmvnf; (qdkvwåHUaom 0dbif;ygVdawmft&) rSm;,Gif;aom
pum;jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ygonf bk&m;/
(*) yuwdrSefajymif;BuD;jzifh MunfhvdkU rjrif&wmESifh ewfjynf jA[®mjynfawGqdkwm
b,fa&mufukefrSef;rodbl;[k qdkaom pum;rSmvnf; 31-bHkudk rSefajymif;ESifh vdkuf½Smaeojzifh &,fzG,f
jzpfygonf? ½kyf0g'orm;awGtzdkU ukodkvfuH tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ewfbHk jA[®mbHkwdkUudk rSefajymif;jzifh
b,faomtcgrS awGUjrifEdkifrnf r[kwfyg bk&m;/
(C) ewf jA[®m odMum;qdkwm pdwful;,Ofowå0gawG[k qdkxm;aom pum;rSmvnf;
a'0wmoH,kwf? jA[®oH,kwf? ouúoH,kwf ygVdawmfrsm;ESifh qefUusifbuf vkyfjcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
31-bHk0g'udk Ak'¨vufcH½HkrQru atmufygtwdkif; "r®[',0dbif; ygVdawmfü a&wGufí
a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
umr"mwk,m Oyywådu©aP uó {um'om,wemed ygwkb0EÅd/
umrm0p&meH a'0geH? yXruyÜdumeH rEkómeH? MoyygwdumeH aywmeH? MoyygwdumeH
tok&meH? Moy ygwdumeH wd&päme*wmeH? ae&,dumeH? y&dykPÖm,wemeH Oyywådu©aP
{um'om, wemed ygwkb0EÅd/(y)
umr"mwk,m Oy0wådu©aP {awoH £rmed {um'om ,wemed ygwkb0EÅd/
(tbd? 2? 427/)
jrefrmjyef
umrbHk y#doaE¨cPü tb,fyk*¾dKvftm; tm,we(11)yg; jzpfukefoenf;/ tm,wejynfhpHkol?
umrm0p&ewf? urÇmOD;olvl? OyywfNydwåm? Oyywftol&um,f? Oyywfwd&pämef? i&Jom;wdkUtm;
y#doaE¨cPü tm,we(11)yg; xif½Sm;jzpfukef\? umrbHky#doaE¨cPü xdkolwdkUtm; þtm,we
(11)yg;wdkU xif½Sm; jzpfukef\/
þygVdawmfü ewfjynf 6-xyfç vlUbHkç tyg,fav;bHkwdkUudk wdkuf½dkufa[mjyxm;í umr(11)bHk
½SdaMumif; od&ygonf bk&m;/
½ly 16-bHk ½SdaMumif; taxmuftxm; om"uudk "r®[',0dbif;ygVdawmfüyif atmufygtwdkif;
azmfjyvdkufygonf bk&m;-
uwar "r®m ½lyg0p&m a[|awm jA[®avmuH y&d,EÅH u&dwGm Oy&dawm tueda|
a'a0 taEÅmu&dwGm ,H {wo®ð tEÅa& {w¬m0p&m {w¬ y&d,myEém ormyEéó 0g OyyEéó 0g
'd|"r®okc0d[m&dó 0g pdwåapwodum "r®m? £ar "r®m ½lyg0p&m/ (tbd? 2? 436/)
jrefrmjyef
tb,fw&m;wdkUonf ½lyg0p& rnfukefoenf;/ atmuftzdkUtm;jzifh jA[®yg&doZÆmbHkudk
tydkif;tjcm;ûyí txuftzdkUtm;jzifh tued|jA[®mwdkUudk twGif;ûyí þtMum;ü jzpfukefaom
tusHK;0ifukefaom ormywf0ifpm;ol? y#doaEäeol? rsufarSmufb0ü csrf;ompGm aeavh½Sdolrsm;\
pdwfapwodufw&m;wkdUonf ½lyg0p& rnfukef\/
þygVdawmfü ½ly 16-bHkudk wdkuf½dkuf a[mjyxm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
t½ly 4-bHk½SdaMumif; taxmuftxm; om"uudkvnf; "r®[',0dbif; ygVdawmfü
atmufygtwdkif; yg½Sdonfudk azmfjyvdkufygonf bk&m;-
uwar "r®m t½lyg0p&m a[|awm tmumomeÍöm,w Elya* a'a0 y&d,EÅH u&dwGm
Oy&dawm ae0onmemonm ,wElya* a'a0 taEÅm u&dwGm ,H {wo®ð taEÅa& {w¬m0p&m
{w¬ y&d,myEém ormyEéó 0g OyyEéó 0g 'd|ar®okc0d[m &dó 0g pdwåapwodum "r®m? £ar
"r®m? t½lyg0p&m/ (tbd? 2? 436/)
jrefrmjyef
tb,fw&m;wdkUonf t½lyg0p& rnfukefoenf;? atmuftzdkUtm;jzifh
tmumomeÍöm,wejA[®mwdkUudk tydkif;tjcm;ûyí txuftzdkUtm;jzifh ae0onmemonm,we
jA[®mwdkUudk twGif;ûyí þtMum;ü jzpfukefaom têuH;0ifukefaom ormywf0ifpm;ol? y#doaEäeol?
rsufarSmufb0ü csrf;ompGmaeavh&Sdolrsm;\ pdwfapwoduf w&m;wdkUonf t½lyg0p&wdkU rnfukef\/
þygVdawmfü t½ly 4-bHkudk wdkuf½dkufa[mjyxm;ygonf bk&m;? "r®[',0dbif;ü vm½Sdaom
txufazmfjyyg pum;(3)&yfudk aygif;pyfvdkufaomtcg-
(u) umr 11-bHk?
(c) ½ly 16-bHk?
(*) t½ly 4-bHk?
tm;jzifh (31)bHk ppfppfBuD; jzpfaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; rSwfom;Edkifygonf bk&m;/
'geûyí ewfjynfa&mufyHk bk&m;a[mygVdudk "r®[',0dbif;ygVdawmfrSyif om"utjzpf
xkwfaqmifjyygrnf bk&m;/
1/ 'geH 'wGm oDvH orm'd,dwGm Oaygoxur®H uwGm tayÜuapö pmwkr[m&mZdwmeH
a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
2/ tayÜuapö wm0wðomeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
3/ tayÜuapö ,mrmeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
4/ tayÜuapö wkodwmeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/
5/ tayÜuapö edr®me&wDeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/

tpodkU
6/ tayÜuapö y&edr®dw0o0wåDeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/ (tbd? 2? 437/)

jrefrmjyef
'geudk ûyí? oDvudk apmifhxdef;í? Oykofaqmufwnfjcif; trIudkûyí tcsdKUaom olwdkUonf
pmwkr[m&mZfewfwdkU\ ... wm0wðomewfwdkU\ ... ,mrmewfwdkU\ ... wkodwmewfwdkU\ ...
edr®me&wdewfwdkU\ ... y&edr®dw0o0wåDewfwdkU\ taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&mufukef\/
þa'oemawmft& 'geûyí ewfjynf 6-xyfa&mufEdkifyHkudk od&aomaMumifh ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ
pmtkyfwGif OD;a½Tjynfh azmfjyouJhodkU (opfajcmufyifudk a&avmif;jcif;r[kwfbJ) ½SifoefqJ opfyifudk
zGHUûzd;pnfum;atmif ûyvkyfjcif;ESifh wlygonf bk&m;/
Ewfjynf½SdaMumif; om"uudk azmfjyNyD;í i&J½SdaMumif;udk oHudpöZmwfawmf ygVdawmfrS
om"uudkvnf; xkwfjyygrnf bk&m;/
oÍÆDa0g umVokawåm p? oCFmawm a'G p a&m½k0g/
txmya&m r[m0Dpd? wmyaem p ywmyaem/
£apöaw t| ed&,m? tu©mwm 'k&wduúrm/
tmudPÖm vk'úar®[d? yapöum aomVokó'g/ (tbd? 2? 437/)
þZmwfawmfygVdawmft& i&Jqdkwm txift½Sm;½SdaMumif; odEdkifygNyD bk&m;/
ewfESifhi&J xif½Sm;½Sdonfudk r½Sd[k qkdaom olrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? 31-bHkudk vufrcHaom
olwdkUonfvnf;aumif; pifppf t"r®0g'Drsm;jzpfí (t"ar®m ed&,H awed) [laom
oHudpöZmwfawmfygVdawmft& rvGJraoG i&JodkU us&rnfrSm aocsmygonf bk&m;? odkUjzpfí 31-bHkudk
vufrcHaom ¤if;wdkU\ 0g'rSmvnf; bk&m;a[m a'oemrsm;ESifh qefUusifygaomaMumifh pifppf
t"r®0g'rsm; jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

4/ Ak'¨bmom\ tajccHjzpfaom uH-uH\ tusdK;w&m;ü ouf0if,HkMunfrI ysufpD;atmif
zsufqD;aeMujcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|wdkUonf vlaovljzpf0g'ESifhtH0ifcGifusjzpfatmif bk&m;a[m
]]ur®óu0g'}}udk bk&m; ra[m[k uH-uH\tusdK;ay;w&m;udk y,f½Sm;vsuf trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif;
a[majyma&;om;í 0g'jzefUaeMuygonfbk&m;/
2/ Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf Oy&dyPÖmo ygVdawmf plVur®0db*f okwfü-
ur®óum rmP0 owåm ur®'g,m'g ur®a,meD ur®AE¨L ur®yÜ#do&Pm? ur®H oawå
0dbZwd ,'d'H [DeyÜPDwwm,/ (r? 3? 244/)
«vkvif-owå0gwdkUonf uHomvQif udk,fydkifOpöm ½Sdukef\? uH\tarGcHwdkUom jzpfukef\?
uHomvQif taMumif;&if; ½Sdukef\? uHomvQif taqGtrsdK; ½Sdukef\? uHomvQif udk;pm;axmufwnf&m
½Sdukef\? ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHonf owå0gwdkUudk t,kwftjrwf\ tjzpfjzifh cGJjcrf;a0zef\» [lí
txift½Sm; a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
3/ ck'úedum,f £wd0kwåuygVd wyeD,okwfüvnf;-
um,'kpö&dwH uwGm? 0pD 'kpö&dwmed p/
raem'kpö&dwH uwGm?,ÍönH a'gooOd§wH/
tuwGm ukovH ur®H? uwGmem ukovHA[Hk/
um,ó ab'g 'kyÜanm? ed&,H aomyyZÆwd/ (ck? 1? 212/)
«ynmrJholonf um,'kp½dkuf 0pD'kp½dkuf raem'kp½dkufwdkUudk ûyjcif;aMumifh &m*paom
tjypfESifh,SOfaom tjcm;trIwdkUudk ûyjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? ukodkvfuHudk rûybJ tukodkvfuHudkom
rsm;pGm ûyjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;aomtcg i&JodkU a&muf&\» [lí a[mxm;ygonf
bk&m;/
4/ ck'úedum,f £wd0kwåuygVd-twyeD,okwfüvnf;-
um,'kpö&dwH [dwGm? 0pD'kpö&dwmed p/
raem'kpö&dwH [dwGm? ,ÍönH a'gooOd§wH/
tuwGm} ukovH ur®H? uwGme ukovH A[Hk/
um,ó ab'g oyÜanm? o*¾H aom OyyZÆwd/ (ck? 1? 213/)
«ynm½Sdolonf um,'kp½dkuf 0pD'kp½dkuf raem'kp½dkufwdkUudk y,fpGefUjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;?
&m*paom tjypfESifh,SOfaom tjcm;trIwdkUudk y,fpGefUjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? tukodkvfuHudk rûybJ
ukodkvfuHudkom rsm;pGmûyjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;aomtcg ewfjynfodkUa&muf&\» [lí

tpodkU
ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHaMumifh owå0gwdkU t,kwftjrwfuGJjym;&yHk? vlqif;&J vlcsrf;om uGmjcm;&yHk?

t½kyfqdk; tusnf;wef yHk[efjcm;em;yHk? 'k*¾wd ok*wd vm;&yHk ponfwdkUudk useydkif;jcm;
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
5/ uHw&m;\ tusdK;ay;yHk umvtrsdK;rsdK;udkvnf; þodkU a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
,H bdu©a0 avmbyuwH ur®H avmbZH avmbed'geH avmbork',H/ ,w¬ó
twåbma0g edAÁwåwd/ ww¬ wH ur®H 0dypöwd/ ,wå wH ur®H 0dypöwd? ww¬ wó ur®ó 0dyguH
y#doHa0a'wd 'da| "ar® OyyZÆ 0g? tya& 0g y&d,ma,/ (tH? 1? 133/)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU ... tMuif uHudk avmbonf ûytyf\? avmbaMumifh jzpf\? avmbvQif taMumif;
ed'gef;&Sd\? avmbvQif taMumif; ork',½Sd\? tMuif bHkü xdkuH½Sdol\ twåabmonfjzpf\? xdkbHkü
xdkuHonf tusdK;ay;\? tMuif bHkü xdkuHonf tusdK;ay;\? xdkbHk0,f rsufarSmufb0üaomf
vnf;aumif;? 'kwd,b0üaomfvnf;aumif;? tqufqufaom b0üaomfvnf;aumif; xdkuH\ tusdK;udk
cHpm;&\/ (tif jref? 1? 151/)
6/ þa'oemü uHonf rsufarSmufb0ü tusdK;ay;aom uH? 'kwd,b0usrS tusdK;ay;aom
uH? wwd,b0rS wpfcsdefcsdefrSm tusdK;ay;zdkUuH [lí uH\ obm0"mwf jcif;&mZmwfudk wyftyfxifxif
odjrifatmif a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
7/ odkUaomf vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|wdkUonf xHk;tdk;xJEdIufaom vufonf csufcsif; jzLovdkç
uwå&map;ykef;xJ EdIufaomvufonf csufcsif; eufovdkç i½kyfoD;udk pm;vQif csufcsif; pyfovdk
Ak'¨\ur®0g'onf ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;om jzpfav[ef a&;om;Muygonf bk&m;/

8/ uH-uH\tusdK;w&m;ESifh i&JbHk ewfjA[®mbHk ponfwdkUudk y,f½Sm;aom t,l0g'onf
,ckrSay:vmaom 0g'topftqef; r[kwfyg? bk&m;½Sifvufxufü yl&Puóy wdw¬dq&mBuD;onf
OD;Ouú|uJhodkU yif uH-uH\ tusdK;udk y,fcJhygonf bk&m;/
wdw¬dq&mBuD;\ pum;rSm-
]]'gaee 'are oH,are or®0aZÆe ew¬d yknH ew¬d yknó tm*arm}}? ]]ay;vªjcif;?
£aÈ´wdkUudk qHk;rjcif;? oDvudk apmifha½Smufjcif;? rSefaom pum;udk ajymqdkjcif;jzifh aumif;rI r½Sd
aumif;rI jzpfrvm}} ygwJh bk&m;/
9/ xdkUtjyif urÇmausmf tZdwq&mBuD;uvJ wdkif;jynftkyfcsKyfaeaom tZmwowfrif;ESifh
ol\ rif;csif;wdkUtm; þuJhodkU acwfrDrD okawoeqefqef a0zefjyygao;onf bk&m;/
]]ew¬d r[m&mZ 'dEéH= rif;jrwf ... ay;vªaMumif;jzpfaom 'geapwem\ tusdK;onf r½Sd/

tpodkU
ew¬d,d|H= BuD;us,faom ylaZmfrI\tusdK; r½Sd/

ew¬d[kwH= ao;i,faom ylaZmfrI\tusdK; r½Sd/
ew¬d okuw'kuå#meH ur®meH zvH 0dygaum= aumif;pGm ûytyfaom ukodkvfuH? raumif;ojzifh
ûytyfaom tukodkvfuHwdkU\ tusdK;quf tusdK;&if; r½Sd/
ew¬d rmwm= trdaus;Zl; r½Sd/
ew¬d ydwm= tzaus;Zl; r½Sd/
«trdtzwdkUü ûytyfaom aumif;rI raumif;rI\tusdK; r½Sd»
ew¬d owåm Moy0gwdum= i&J r½Sd? ewf r½Sd? jA[®mr½Sd?
ew¬d avmau orPjAm[®Pm or*¾wm or®my#dyEém? a, £rÍö avmuH y&Íö avmuH o,H
tbdnm opäduwGm ya0a'Eåd - ('D? 1? 51/)
þypöKyÜefavmu wrvGefavmuudk udk,fwdkifxl;aomÓPfjzifh (tbdÓPfjzifh) rsufarSmufûyí
ajyma[mEdkifMuonfh vrf;rSefoGm; vrf;rSefusifhMuwJh orPjA[®Prsm; r½Sd/y/
bóEÅm tm[kwda,m= ay;vª ylaZmforQ aemufqHk; jymusukefwmyJ? vªwmtvum;? bkef;BuD;
pm;wmyJ/
'wåKynwåH ,'d'H 'geH= ,if;'geudk vlt-vlzsif;awGu ynwfMuwm jzpfw,f/
ww¬ ur®H y#dAm[aEÅemyd 0dygaum y#dAm[dawm a[mwd? 0dyguH y#dAm[aEÅemyd ur®H
y#dAm[dwH a[mwd? £wd oaAÁayaw tw¬awm Ob,yÜ#dAm[um ta[wku0g'g ap0
tud&d,0g'g p ew¬du0g'g p a[mEÅd - ('D |? 1? 150/)
[laom t|uxmESifhtnD taMumif;uHudk y,fvQif tusdK;0dygufudk y,fNyD;jzpfí tusdK;0dygufudk
y,fvQifvnf; taMumif;uHudk y,fNyD;jzpf&um; ru©vda*gomv wdw¬dq&mBuD;ESifh wlNyD; jzpfMuygonf
bk&m;/
10/ acwfvlwdkUonf bk&m;vufxufu yl&PuóyESifh tZdwauourÁv trnf½Sdaom
wdw¬dq&mBuD;wdkU\ t,l0g' tajymta[mESifh urÇmausmfqdkaom OD;Ouú|wdkU\ a&;om;ajyma[mcsuf
rsm;udk EdIif;,SOfavhvm MunfhoifhMuayonf/
11/ uH-uH\tusdK;w&m;udk yd#uwfawmfESifhtnD vufcH,HkMunfygu wdyd#u"&
t½Sif0dpdwåom&mbd0HorS txuf ½Sift&[H ½Sifarm*¾vdykwåwdó? ½Sifr[muóy paom
ax&fjrwfwdkU0g'udk vufcH&m a&mufygonf? uH-uH\ tusdK;udk vufrcHygu (0g) y,fygu OD;Ouú|rS
pwifí yk*Hacwf t&nf;BuD;rsm;ç bk&m;vufxuf wdw¬dBuD;rsm;\ 0g'udk vufcH&ma&mufygonf/
tcsKyfavQmufxm;&ygaomf uH-uH\ tusdK;w&m;udk y,faom0g'onf qef;opfaom0g'
r[kwfbJ bk&m;vufxufu wdw¬dq&mBuD;rsm;u pwifoGm;aom 0g'omjzpfí ax&0g' "r®0de,ESifh
rnDaom t"r®0g'om jzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfay;yg&ef avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

5/ twdwf tem*wfb0wdkUudk vHk;0ypfy,fNyD; Ak'¨0g'udk ypöKyÜef0g' jzpfav[ef trsdK;rsdK;
vSnfhpm;vsuf a&;om; a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emyg bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
Ak'¨0g'onf twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef umv 3-yg;ESifh ,SOfí a[mawmfrlaom 0g' jzpfygonf?
½kyf0g'DwdkUonf ypöKyÜefwpfbufjrif 0g'jzpfygonf? Ak'¨0g'onf au0v y&dykPÖ(jynfhpHkaom)
a'oemjzpfí ½kyfMurf;0g'onf ty&dykPÖ (rjynfhpHkaom) pum; jzpfygonf? Ak'¨w&m;awmfü avmuD
avmukwå&mjynfhpHk ygonf? avmukwå&ma&;udk a[m&mü ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhudkom 0dyóem½I&rnf[k
0dyóemudk &nf½G,fí a[mawmfrlcsuf (oE¨m,bmodw) udk em;rvnfí (0g) vdk&mudkuyfNyD;
þ0dyóempum;wpf&yfjzifh useforQ Ak'ä'oemtm;vHk;udk y,f&ef êud;pm;jcif;om jzpfygonf/
0dyóemt&mü-
ypöKyÜEéÍö a,m "r®H? ww¬ ww¬ 0dyówd/
toH[D&H toHukyÜH? wH 0d'Gg rEkjAL[a,/ (r 3? 226/)
(Oy&dyPÖmo ba'ú &wåokwf)
a,m? tMuif a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfonf/ ypöKyÜEéH? jzpfqJjzpfaom/ "r®H p? ½kyfemrfESpfyg; obm0w&m;udkom
vQif/ ww¬ ww¬? xdkodkUjzpfay:vmqJ cPü/ 0dyówd? 0dyóem½I\/ 0d'Gg? ynm½Sdaom/ aom?
xdka,m*Dyk*¾dKvfonf/ wH "r®H? ypöKyÜefqwfqwf y&rwfjzpfaom xdkoabmudk/ toH[D&H? wPSm,Sufodk
wGefUwdkjcif; r½Sd&avatmif/ toHukyÜH? a'gormerpGuf ysufpD;jcif; r½Sd&avatmif/ tEkjAL[a,?
0dyóemÓPfjzifh yGm;ap&m\/
þ*gxmt& 0dyóemtm½Hk ypöKyÜefw&m;udkom ,l&ygonf? xdkUaMumifh olUa½SUem;u *gxm
jzpfwJh-
twDwH emEGm*ar,s? eyÜ#duacF tem*wH/
,'wDwH y[DeH wH? tywåÍö tem*wH/ (r? 3? 226/)
a,m*D? a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfonf/ twDwH? twdwftm½HkodkU/ emEGm* ar,s? tpOfrvdkuf&m/ tem*wH?
tem*wftm½Hkudk/ eyÜ#duacF? rawmifhw&m/ (uo®m? tb,faMumifhenf;)/ ,H? tMuifw&m;onf/ twDwH?
vGefcJhavNyD/ wH? xdkw&m;onf/ y[DeH? uif;ycJhavNyD/ ,H p? tMuifw&m;onfum;/ tem*wH?
ra&mufvmao;/ wH? xdktem*wfw&m;odkU/ tyÜwåH? 0dyóemÓPfjzifh ra&muftyf ra&mufEdkif/ wo®m?
xdkUaMumifhaywnf;/
þpum;t& twdwftem*wfrSeforQudk y,f&rnf? vHk;0 rpOf;pm;&[k qdkvdkonfr[kwf?
0dyóem½Iaomtcg ypöKyÜefudkom ½I twdwf tem*wfudk r½I&[kí qdkvdkygonf? twdwf tem*wfr½Sd?
twdwfwGif bmrQrjzpfcJh? tem*wfrSm bmrQ jzpfrnfr[kwf[laom teuft"dyÜg,f vHk;0rxGufyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
xdkUjyif omoemawmfü xif½Sm;aom tewåvu©Pokwfü-

wo®mwd[ bdu©a0 ,H udÍöd ½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH tZÑwåH 0g A[d'¨g
0gMoVm&duH 0g okckrH 0g [DeH 0g yPDwH 0g ,H 'la& oEÅdau 0g?oAÁH ½lyH/ y /
or®yÜnm, '|AÁH (0d? 3? 20/) ponf/
bdu©a0? &[ef;wdkU/ wo®m? xdkUaMumifh/ udÍöd? wpfpHkwpfckaom/ twDwm em*wypöKyÜEéH? twdwf
tem*wf ypöKyÜef jzpfaom/ tZÑwåH 0g? twGif;oP²mefü aomfvnf; jzpfaom/ A[d'¨g 0g?
tyoP²mefüaomf vnf;jzpfaom/ MoVm&duH 0g? Murf;wrf;onfvnf; jzpfaom/ okckrH 0g?
El;nHhaysmhaysmif;onfaomfvnf; jzpfaom/ [DeH 0g? ,kwfnHhonfaomfvnf; jzpfaom/ yPDwH 0g?
jrwfonfaomfvnf; jzpfaom/ 'la& 0g? a0;onfaomfvnf; jzpfaom/ oEÅdau 0g? eD;onfaomfvnf;
jzpfaom/ ,H ½lyH? tMuif½kyfonf/ tw¬d? &Sd\/ oAÁH? tvHk;pHkaom/ wH ½lyH? xdk½kyfudk/ y / ynm,?
ypöa0u©Pm ÓPfynmjzifh/ or®m? aumif;pGm/ '|AÁH? ½IrSwftyf\/
þygVdawmfrSm twdwfESifh tem*wfudk ypöKyÜefESifh wpfajy;nD a[mqdkxm;ygonfbk&m;?
twdwfcE¨m tem*wfcE¨m ypöKyÜefcE¨m[lí umvoHk;yg; aocsmpGm a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
þae&mwGif owdcsyfzdkUvdkonfrSm OD;Ouú|0g'DwdkUonf tewåvu©Pokwfudk êudufvSygonf[k
qdk\? wpfcg tewåvu©okwfü a[maomtwdwf tem*wfudkrl y,fjyef\? ,if;wdkU\ pum;rsm;udk
rsufajcrjywf ajc&mcHvdkufvQif Zmwd½kyfudk jrifEdkifMuayukef\/
onfrQru ig;yg;oDvtusdK;tjypf jyawmfrl&mrSmyif ypöKyÜefESifh tem*wf tusdK;tjypfwdkUudk
yl;wGJí jyawmfrlcJhygonf/
om"uygVdawmfrSm-
£" *[ywa,m 'kóDavm oDv0dyaEém yrm'g"du&PH r[wð abm*Zmeð ed*päwd?
t,H yXarm tm'Dea*g 'kóDvó oDv0dywåd,m/ y/ yke py&H *[ywa,m 'kóDavm oDv
0dyaEém um,ó ab'g y&H r&Pm tyg,H 'k*w
¾ ð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆwd? t,H yÍöarm
tm'Dea0g 'kóDvó oDv0dywåd ,m/ ('D 2? 72/) ('DCedum,f? r[m0*¾ r[my&dedAÁme
okwfygVdawmf jzpfygonf/)
jrefrmjyef
OyoumwdkU þavmuü oDvr½Sdaom oDvysufaom olonf arhavsmhjcif;aMumifh rsm;pGmaom
pnf;pdrf qHk;½HI;jcif;odkU a&muf\? þum; oDvr½Sdol\ oDvysufjcif;ü a½S;OD;pGmaom tjypfaywnf; /y/
OyoumwdkU wpfzef xdkUjyifvnf; oDvr½Sdaom oDvysufaomolonf cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;í
aoNyD;onfrS aemufü raumif;aom vm;&m ysufpD;í usa&muf&m i&Jü jzpf&\? þum;
oDvr½Sdaomol\ oDvysuf jcif;ü ig;ckajrmuf tjypfaywnf;/ ('D jref 2? 84/)

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þodkUponfjzifh bk&m;½Sifa'oemawmfonf 0dyoem½I&eftwGufom ypöKyÜefudk OD;pm;ay;í

a[m\? usefaom udpö&yfrsm;ü twdwf tem*wfudk ry,faom twdwftem*wfu ½kyfemrfobm0ESifh
tusdK;tjypfudkjyaom a'oemawmf jzpf\/
xdkUaMumifhtwdwfESifh tem*wfudk y,faom0g'onf Ak'¨"r®ESifh qefUusifaom t"r®0g'om
jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;&ygonf bk&m;/

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6/ Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk Ak'¨bmodw(bk&m;a[m) r[kwf? aemuftvGefusrS om0u&[ef;rsm;
wDxGifaz:xkwf av[ef rSm;,Gif;pGm ajymqdka0zefjcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
1/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh or®m'd|dokawoe toif;om;wdkUonf Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf
udk,fwdkifa[mawmfrlaom tbd"r®mudk ½SifAk'äCmou oD[dkVfusrS yHkjyifuav;awGESifh wefqmqif
wDxGifcJhav[ef ajymqdka&;om; jzefUa0Muygonf/
2/ trSefrSm Ak'öufawmfxif&Sm; ½SdpOfuyif &[ef;awmfrsm;onf tbd"r®mudk
oiftHavhusufMuí wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg; tcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;Mu oHCmawmfrsm; pHkpHknDnD ½SdwJhtcg
oHCmrsm;tv,fwGif tbd"r®mqdkif&m jyóemrsm;udk ar;Mu ajzMuwJhtaMumif; okwåefrSma&m
0denf;yd#urSmyg awGU&ygonf/
3/ 0denf;qdkif&mü a½S;OD;pGm avQmufyg&apbk&m;? &[ef;awmfrsm;wGif (10)0gvnf;&rS
tbd"r®ma&;&mvnf; qHk;roGefoifwufrS 0denf;aMumif;vnf uRrf;usifygrS omraPrsm; &[ef;i,frsm;
arG;jrLNyD; OyZÑm,f ay;Edkifygonf? 0denf;r[m0g ygVdawmfü ,ckuJhodkU t*Fg&yfESifh pyfí þodkUa[m
awmfrlygonf/
y#dAavm a[mwd taEÅ0goð 0g o'¨d0d[m&ð 0g tbd"ar® 0daewHk? tbd0dea, 0daewHk/
(0d 3? 93)
(aom bdu©K? xdk10-0g &NyD;aom &[ef;onf) taEÅ0goð 0g? twGif;aewynfhudk
aomfvnf;aumif;/ o'¨d0d[m&ð 0g? twlaewynfhudk aomfvnf;aumif;/ tbd"ar®? tbd"r®mü/ 0g?
tbd"r®mESifhqdkif&m ½kyf emrfbHk txl; cE¨mtxl; ponfü/ 0daewHk? qHkrjcif;iSm/ y#dAavm? pGrf;Edkifonf/
a[mwd? jzpf\/ tbd0dea,? ra&mr,Sufaomtm;jzifh wnfaeaom0denf;ü/ 0g?0denf;aMumif;qdkif&m
uHBuD; uHi,f toG,foG,fü/ 0daewHk? oGefoifqHk;r enf;vrf;jyjcif;iSm/ y#dAavm? pGrf;aqmifEdkifonf/
a[mwd? jzpf\/ ponfjzifh txl;ûyí a[mawmfrlygonf/
4/ tbd"r®moabmw&m;rsm;onf odrfarGUeufeJ cufcJaomaMumifh ÓPfeufeJwJh
yk*¾dKvfrsm;om oif,lvdkMuygonf? oif,lí oabmaygufem;vnfEdkifMuygonf? odkUjzpfí
Ak'¨vufxufawmfu &[ef;awmfwdkif; tbd"r®m wufMuonf r[kwfyg? xdkUaMumifh wpfcsdefwGif
t½Sifr[marm*¾v’mef t½Sifom&dykMwm t½SiftEk½k'¨g paom &[EÅmax&fBuD;rsm;ESifhtwl t½SiftmeE´monf
a*god*Ftrnf½Sdaom awmBuD;odkU oGm;a&mufMupOf b,fodkUb,fyHk tcsdefukefap&&if aumif;ygrnfvJ
b,fodkUaexdkifMu&if þa*god*FawmBuD;udk wifhw,fap&ma&mufygrnfvJvdkU ax&fBuD;rsm;udk
ar;avQmufwJhtcg t½Sifr[muóyu "kwiftaMumif; aqG;aEG;&&if aumif;rnf/ t½SiftEk½k'¨gu

tpodkU
'dAÁpu©KÓPfESifhpyfwJh y&durfvkyfief;qdkif&mawG aqG;aEG;tcsdefukefap&vQif a*god*FawmBuD;udk

wefqmqif&m wifhw,fap&m a&mufrnf ponfjzifh toD;oD; rdrdoef&mbufudk ajymMuygonf/
5/ orm"d BuD;rm;awmfrlaom t½Sifr[marm*¾v’mefuawmh-
£"m0kaom om&dykwå a'G bdu©L tbd"r®uxH uaxEÅd? aw tnrnH yOSH ykpäEÅd?
tnrnó yOSH yk|m 0dóZÆEÅd? aem p oHoma&EÅd? "r®D p aeoH uxm y0wådeD a[mwd? {0½laye
acg tm0kaom om&dykwå bdu©Kem a*god*Fomv0eH aomab,s - (r? 1? 275/)
tm0kaom om&dykwå? Igh½Sif om&dykMwm/ £"? þ omoemawmfü/ a'G bdu©L? &[ef; 2-
yg;wdkUonf/ tbd"r®uxH? tbd"r®mESifh pyfaom w&m;pum;udk/ uaxEÅd? ajyma[mMuukef\/ aw?
xdk&[ef;wdkUonf/ tnrnH? tcsif;csif;/ yO§H ykpäEÅd? jyóemar;Muukef\/ yOSH yk|m? tjyeftvSef
ar;tyfukefonf½Sdaomf/ tnrnó? tcsif;csif;tm; 0dóZÆEÅd? ajzqdkMuukef\/ aem p oHoma&EÅd?
pdwfqkwfepf roGm;apMuukef/ aeoH xdk&[ef;wdkU\/ "r®Duxm p? w&m;pum;onfvnf;/ y0wådeD?
tMum;rvyf qufpyfum jzpfavh½Sdonf/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ tm0kaom om&dykwå? igh½Sifom&dykMwm/
{0½laye? þodkUoabm½Sdaom/ bdu©Lem? &[ef;jzifh wifhw,f apEdkif&myg\/
þodkU rlvyPÖmo r[ma*god*Fokwf ygVdawmfü ajzqdkxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
6/ ,if;tjyif tcgwpfyg; rsm;pGmaom &[ef;wdkUonf ypämbwftcg qGrf;cH&mt&yfrS
jyefvmMuNyD; pnf;a0;nDrl&m wefaqmif;0ef;rSm pka0;aexdkifMuum tbd"r®mw&m;pum;
ajyma[maeMuygonf? xdktcg aemif &[EÅmjzpfrnfh pdwå[w¬d om&dykwårnfaom &[ef;wpfyg;onf
pdwfrygvSí wpfaMumif;? oabmrydkifaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? êud;Mum;êud;Mum; pum;0ifí ajymygonf?
xdktcg r[mayg|du rnfaom &[EÅmrax&fBuD;u-
rm,o®m pdawåm [w¬dom&dykwåm ax&meH bdu©LeH tbd"r®uxH uaxEÅmeH tEÅ&EÅ&m
uxH Moygawod? ,m0 uxm y&da,momeH tm,o®m pdawåm tm*arwk/ (tH? 2? 344-5)
pdawåm? pdwå[laom bGJUtrnfxl;½Sdaom/ tm,o®m [w¬d om&dykaw¬m? t½Sif [w¬dom&dykwåonf/
ax&meH bdu©LeH tbd"r®uxH uaxEÅeH? ax&fBuD;&[ef;wdkU tbd"r®m w&m;pum; ajyma[maeMuukefpOf/
tEÅ&EÅ&m? tMum;Mum;ü/ rm uxH Moygawod? pum;0ifpGuf raESmuf,Sufygvifh/ ,m0
uxmy&da,momeH? uxmwpf&yf vufpowf ukefqHk;onfhwdkifatmif/ tm*arwk ? qdkif;iHhygavmh/
þodkU t*Fkwå&edum, [w¬dom&dykwåokwf ygVdawmfü ajymqdkxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkUbk&m;-

7/ oH*g,em rSwfwrf;rsm;jzpfaom plV0*¾ yÍöowduo*ÐwdcEüESifh r[mo*ÐwdcEü 2-
ckrSm wdkuf½dkuf tar;tajz ar;ajzyHk rygaomfvnf; okwåefyd#utygt0if "k'úedum,fwGif tbd"r®mudk

tpodkU
xnfhoGif; oH*g,em wifaMumif;rSm oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxm paom BUDDHIST TRADITION (ac:)

ax&0g' Ak'ömoem tpOftvmrSwfwrf;rsm;wGif tcdkiftcHh qdkxm;ygonf bk&m;/
8/ Ak'¨bmom0if r[kwfaom ygVdynm½Sif taemufEdkifiHom;wdkU\ pmayrsm;udk t&rf;yHkí
,HkMunfum Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwftm; tbd"r®myif rwwfav[ef ajymqdka&;omjcif;um; tvGef
,kwfnHhodrfzsif;&m a&mufygonf? xdkUaMumifh olwdkU\0g'onf t"r®0g'om pifppfjzpfaMumif; wifoGif;
avQmufxm;&ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

7/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk xdyg;apvsuf Ak'ömoem ysufpD;&mysufpD;aMumif; a[majym
a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
bk&m;½Sif\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfonf rnfonfhom0uESifhrQrqdkifaom tomw&PÓPfawmf
jzpfonf? oAÁñkw ÓPfawmf &awmfrlaomaMumifhom bk&m;[laom *kPfxl;udk &awmfrlcJhonf? þodkU
oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk &jcif;onf yg&rDawmfudk tjynfht0 jznfhawmfrlaomaMumifhom &awmfrlcJhjcif;
jzpfonf? wjcm;taMumif;aMumifh oAÁñkwÓPf &onfr[kwfay? a*gwrbk&m;tavmif;awmfonf
av;oacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef;Mumatmif yg&rDawmfw&m; tpm;pm;udk tm;yg;w& jznfhawmfrlEdkifcJhaom
aMumifhom oAÁñkwÓPf &awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
xdkodkU yg&rDawmfjznfh&mü toufudkyif y"merxm;? yg&rDw&m;udkom êud;pm;jznfh&onfh
y&rwåyg&rDrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym; jznfhusifhcJhonf? xdkUaMumifhyif odp&mrSefu {uEÅodonfh
oAÁñkwÓPfxl;udk qGwfcl;&½Sdawmfrljcif; jzpfygonf? MumMum todÓPf ½Smav todÓPf ydkjrifhav
êud;pm; todÓPf½Smav todÓPf ydkjrifhav jzpf&jcif;onf obm0w&m; yifjzpfygonf bk&m;/
xdkodkU oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk&atmif yg&rDawmfrsm;udk pkaqmif;awmfrljcif;onf bk&m;[laom
*kPfxl;jzifh tcsD;usL;cH vdkí r[kwfyg? oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk &vQif-
1/ odp&mw&m; tpm;pm;udk cGJjcm;ydkifydkif odawmfrlEdkifjcif;?
2/ a[mjypzG,f toG,foG,faom w&m;qifenf;rsdK;pHkudk odEdkifjcif;?
3/ owå0g teEÅwdkU\ tvdkqE´ tZÑmo, ponfwdkUudk odEdkifjcif;
[laom oAÁñkwÓPfawmf\ pGrf;tm;rsm;udk {uef&½Sdvmí owå0grsm; aumif;usdK;udk
txGwftxdyfa&muf NyD;ajrmufatmif aqmif½GufEkdifygonf? xdkUaMumifh oAÁñkwÓPfawmf &atmif
yg&rDawmfrsm;udk jznfhawmfrlcJhygonf? xdkoAÁñkwÓPfawmf ESifhqufí ½Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk qufvuf
avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
Ak'¨½Sifawmfbk&m;onf a'0'wftaMumif;udk aumif;aumif;BuD;odawmfrlygonf? rdrdudk aoaMumif;
MuHrnfudk vnf;aumif;? oHCmudk toif;cGJrnfudkvnf;aumif; twdtus odawmfrlygonf? odkUodygvsuf
tb,fhaMumifh a'0'wfudk &[ef;ûycGifh ay;&oenf;? tajzuawmh ½Sif;ygonf? r[mu½kPmawmfocif
bk&m;½Sif jzpfawmfrlaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
bk&m;½Sif\ u½kPmawmfonf BuD;rm;vSygonf? bk&m;½Sif\ u½kPmawmfESifh wk,SOfEdkifaom
u½kPmw&m; avmuwGif r½Sdyg? xdkUaMumifh rdrdudkowfrnfh &efoludkyif &efolvdk oabmrxm;
aumif;usdK;&atmifom tusdK;aqmifawmfrlygonf? a'0'wfonf &[ef;tjzpfodkU ra&mufvnf; bk&m;ay:
jypfrSm;aom ,kwfrmrI BuD;udk {uefûyrnfhol jzpfygonf? a'0'wfonf vlom;wpfa,muftaejzifhqdkvQif

tpodkU
omoemawmf\ tqHk;trudk &½SdzdkU cufvSygonf? odkUaomf &[ef;ûycGifh &onfhtwGuf a'0'wfonf

orm"domoemBuD;udk BuD;rm;pGm xlaxmifEdkifcJhygonf? ajrvQdK;rdk;ysH wefcdk;psmef &½SdcJhygonf/
þodkU orm"domoemudk jrifhrm;pGm xlaxmifEdkifcJhonfhtwGuf aocgeD;umvü a'0'wf
owd&cJhygonf? ar;txd ajrûrdcH&aomtcg toufyg yHktyfum bk&m;udk;uG,fcJhygonf? t½dk;wdkUjzifh
ylaZmfcJhavonf? xdkUaMumifhyif a'0'wfonf aemufurÇmwpfodef;Mumaomtcgü t|dó& rnfaom
yapöuAk'¨g jzpfum edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufûy&ayvdrfhrnf/
þtaMumif;udk odjrifawmfrlí bk&m;½Sifonf a'0'wfudk &[ef;ûycGifh ay;awmfrlcJhavonf?
("r®y'? |? 1? 95) u½kPmw&m; BuD;rm;awmfrlvSí rdrdudkowfrnfholudkyif odvsuf
&[ef;ûycGifhay;awmfrlonfh bk&m;½Sif\ u½kPmawmfBuD;um; tHhtm;oifhpzG,f MunfñdkzG,fBuD;ygwum;/
þwGif rdrdudk owfrnfholrSef; twwfodvsufESifh AdrÁdom&rif;aomfrS þodkUpdwfxm;Edkif\?
ol\q&m bk&m;½Sifrlum; qdkzG,f r½SdNyD/
bk&m;½Sifonf ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;udk Ekwfy,fypfMuavm[lí wpfxpfcs cdkif;awmfrrlcJh?
Ekwfy,fvdku Ekwfy,fMu[líom cdkif;awmfrlcJhavonf ('D? |? 2? 184)? Ekwfy,fvdku Ekwfy,fMu[laom
pum;onf ]]rEkwfy,fvdkuvnf; rEkwfy,fMuESifh}} [lívnf; t"dyÜg,f½Sdvmonf ('D? #D? 2? 185)? þodkU
ESpfcGt"dyÜg,f½Sdaom pum;udk bk&m;½Sif rdefUMum;awmfrljcif;onf &nf½G,fcsuf (2) rsdK;½Sdygonf/
(u) wcsdKU &[ef;awmfrsm;onf ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;udk rvdkufemvdkMu?
xdk&[ef;awmfrsm;onf bk&m;½Siftay:ü tm;rvdk tm;r& jzpfp&m½Sdonf? bk&m;½Sifu
]]ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;udk oHCmu y,fEkwfvdkvQif y,fEkwfygav}} [k
vdkufavsmpum; rdefUMum;cJhaomaMumifh xdk&[ef;rsm;onf bk&m;tay:ü
auseyfMuvdrfhrnf/
(c) aemuftaMumif; wpfrsdK;vnf; ½Sdao;onf? ao;i,faomf odu©myk'frsm;udk Ekwfy,fvdku
Ekwfy,fMu[lí bk&m;½Sifu y,fEkwfEdkifonfhvrf;p ay;xm;ygvsuf bk&m;om;awmf
oHCmawmfrsm; rnfonfh odu©myk'fudkrQ rEkwfry,f bk&m;½SifynwforQ odu©myk'frsm;udk
tao;tBuD; rcGJrjcm; av;av;pm;pm; vdkufemMuonf? toufyrm jrwfEdk;pGm
apmifha½SmufMuonf? ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;udk y,fEkwfvdku y,fEkwfEdkifonf[k
bk&m;½Sifudk,fwdkif tcGifhûyygvsuf odu©myk'fwpfyk'fwavrQ ry,fEkwfMu?
bk&m;y&dedAÁmefpHNyD;aemufvnf; av;av;pm;pm; vdkufemusifhMuH Muygayonf [lí
Ak'ömoemESifh pyfqdkifolrsm;u tm;&Muvdrfhrnf? rqdkifolrsm;uvnf;
av;pm;Muvdrfhrnf/

tpodkU
þodkU oAÁñkwÓPfawmfjzifh odjrifawmfrlaomaMumifhom bk&m;½Sifonf ao;i,faom

odu©myk'frsm;udk Ekwfvdkygu Ekwfygav [laompum;udk vdr®myg;eyf uRrf;usifpGm rdefUMum;awmfrlcJhjcif;
jzpfygonf/ ('D? #D? 2? 186)
rdrdudk,fwdkif usrf;pm rESHUívnf;aumif;? rlvusrf;&if; rMunfhEdkifívnf;aumif; em;rvnfjcif;udk
owdrxm;? bk&m;½Sif\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfBuD;udkom apmfum;jcif;rSm t"r®orm; jzpfaMumif;
oufaojyaejcif;om jzpfygí t"r®0g' ay:vGifatmif qHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg&ef avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

8/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ orxvrf;pOfESifh 0dyóemvrf;pOfwdkUudk zsufqD;NyD; oHo&mrS xGwfajrmuf&m
vrf;udk ydwfyif[efUwm; zsufqD;aeMuyHkESifh ywfoufí usrf;*ef taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh
0daooapm'emyg bk&m;/
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ Mo0g'cH or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;onf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
orxvrf;pOf? 0dyóemvrf;pOfrsm;udk ysufpD;atmif enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh zsufqD;vsuf pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;
a&;om;xkwfa0jcif;? a[majymyGJrsm; ûyvkyfjcif;? orx0dyóem tm;xkwfMuaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; uJh&JUjcif;?
¤if;wdkU\ tajccHoifwef;rsm;wGif orx0dyóemvkyfief;rsm;udk Ak'¨0g' r[kwf[k twdtvif;
oifMum;jcif;rsm;udk avQmufxm;cJhygNyD bk&m;/
,if;odkU vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf ax&0g'ESifh qefUusifaom t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif;udk
wynfhawmfrsm; tudk; om"u xkwfaqmifavQmufxm; wifjyygrnf bk&m;/

bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;\ Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf ]]Aka'¨g a[óH oa'0au}} (ck? 4/ 310/)/
oa'0au? ewfESifhwuGaom avmuü/ Aka'¨g? bk&m;onf/ a[óH? igjzpftHh/
]]oEÅma&óH oa'0uH}} (ck? 4/ 310/) / oa'0uH? ewfESifhwuGaom avmuudk/ oEÅma&óH?
oHo&mrS u,fwifxkwfaqmifthH? ]]jA[®mvlewf bHkoHk;&yfü bk&m;jzpfatmif igusifhaqmifrnf?
bk&m;jzpfvQif jA[®mewf vl oHk;bHkolwdkUudk oHo&mrS u,fwifxkwfaqmifrnf}} [laom
&nf½G,fcsufawmfBuD;jzifh bk&m;tjzpfodkU a&muf½Sdawmfrlvm&um; a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom w&m;awmfjrwf
tm;vHk;onf oHo&mrSxGufajrmufa&;wnf;[laom 0drkwåd&oodkUcsnf;om OD;wnfMuygukefonf bk&m;/
xdk 0drkwåd&ownf;[laom oHo&mrS xGwfajrmufa&;onfvnf; usifhMuHtm;xkwfrI½SdrS &ygrnf?
xdkusifhMuH tm;xkwfrI twGufvnf; vrf;pOf ½Sd&ygrnf? xdkvrf;pOfudk þodkU a[mMum;cJhygonf bk&m;/
{um,aem t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g owåmeH 0dok'¨d,m aomuy&da'0geH orwduúrm,
'ku©a'greómeH tw¬*Frm, Ó,ó t"d*rm, edAÁmeó opädud&d,m, ,'d'H pwåma&m
owdy|mem/ ('D? 2? 213/)
bdu©a0? &[ef;wdkU/ ,'d'H-a, £ar pwåma&m owdy|mem? tMuif owdy|mefw&m;
av;yg;wdkUonf/ tw¬d? ½Sdukef\/ t,H? þowdy|mefav;yg;onf/ owåmeH? owå0gwdkU\/ 0dok'¨d,m?
pifMu,fjcif;iSm/ aomuy&da'0geH? aomuy&da'0wdkUudk/ orwduúrm,? vGefajrmufjcif;iSm/
'ku©a'greóeH? 'ku©a'greó wdkU\/ tw¬*Frm,? csKyfNidrf;jcif;iSm/ Ó,ó? t&[wåzdkvfudk/

tpodkU
t"d*rm,? &jcif;iSm/ edAÁm eó? edAÁmefudk/ opädud&d,m,? rsufarSmufûyjcif;iSm/ aum,aem ra*¾g?

wpfckwnf;aom vrf;aMumif;aywnf;/
]]cspfom;wdkU owdy|mefvrf;pOfonf owå0gawG pifMu,fzdkU aomuy&da'0 vGefajrmufzdkU 'ku©
a'greó csKyfNidrf;zdkU t&[wåzdkvf &zdkU edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufûyzdkU wpfckwnf;aom vrf;aMumif;BuD;
jzpfonf}} þodkU ponfjzifh ae&maygif;rsm;pGm a'oemaygif;rsm;pGmwdkUü a[mMum;awmfrlygonf? xdk
a[mMum;awmfrlcsufwdkUonf orxvrf;pOf 0dyóem vrf;pOfwdkU jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/
rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf &x0deDwokwfü atmufygtwdkif; a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;-
oDv0dok'¨d ,m0a'0 pdwå0dok'¨wåm? pdwå0dok'¨d ,m0a'0 'd|d0dok'¨wåm/ 'd|d0dok'¨d
,m0a'0 ucFg0dw&P0dok'¨wåm/ ucFg0dw&P0dok'¨d ,m0a'0 r*¾gr*¾ÓP'óe0dok'¨wåm/
r*¾gr*¾ÓP'óe0dok'¨d ,m0a'0 y#dy'gÓP'óe0dok'¨wåm/ y#dy'gÓP'óe0dok'¨d
,m0a'0 ÓP'óe0dok'¨wåm/ ÓP'óe0dok'¨d ,m0a'0 tEkyg'gy&dedAÁew¬m/ (r? 1? 204/)
jrefrmjyef
tusifhoDv txl;pifMu,fjcif;onf pdwform"d txl;pifMu,f½HkrQ tusdK;½Sd\? pdwform"d
txl;pif Mu,fjcif;onf tjrif txl;pifMu,f½HkrQ tusdK;½Sd\? tjrif txl;pifMu,fjcif;onf ,HkrSm;jcif;udk
vGefajrmufrI (ÓPf) txl; pifMu,f½HkrQom tusdK;½Sd\? ,HkrSm;jcif;udk vGefajrmufrI (ÓPf)
txl;pifMu,fjcif;onf r*f[kwfonf r[kwfonfü (ÓPf) tjrif txl;pifMu,f½HkrQom tusdK;½Sd\?
r*f[kwfonf r[kwfonfü ÓPftjrif txl;pifMu,fjcif;onf tusifh(tEkvHk) ÓPftjrif
txl;pifMu,f½HkrQom tusdK;½Sd\? tusifh(tEkvHk) ÓPftjrif txl;pifMu,fjcif;onf r*fÓPftjrif
txl;pifMu,f½HkrQom tusdK;½Sd\? r*fÓPftjrif txl;pif Mu,fjcif;onf pGJ,lrI r½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif
Nidrf;at;½HkrQom tusdK;½Sd\/ (r jref? 1/ 210-1/)
0dok'¨dckepfcef; vrf;pOfwdkUwGif oDv0dok'¨donf oDvusifhpOf? pdwå0dok'¨donf orxusifhpOf? usef
5-yg;aom 0dok'¨dwdkUonf 0dyóemusifhpOfwdkU jzpfMuygonf? ¤if;0dok'¨dwdkUonf aemufqHk;ü
tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmef tusdK;jzpfaMumif; a[mMum;awmfrlygonf? þonfum; bk&m;ocif rlv&nf½G,fcJhaom
owå0gwdkUtm; oHo&mrS u,fwifvGwfajrmuf apaMumif; w&m;awmfwdkU jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/
xdkrSwyg; pwkuúedygw t*Fkwå&ygVdawmf ,k*e'ökwfü-
orxykAÁ*FrH 0dyóeH bma0wd (tH? 1/ 475/) / orxykAÁ*FrH? orxa½SUoGm;½Sdaom/ 0dyóeH?
0dyóemudk/ bma0wd? yGm;\/
0dyóemykAÁ*FrH orxH bma0wd (tH? 1/ 475/) / 0dyóemykAÁ*FrH? 0dyóema½SUoGm;½Sdaom/
orxH? orxudk/ bma0wd? yGm;\/
orx0dyóeH ,k*e'¨H bma0wd (tH? 1/ 475/) / orx0dyóeH? orxESifh 0dyóemudk/ ,k*e'¨H?
tpHkwGJí/ bma0wd? yGm;\/

tpodkU
þuJhodkU Ak'ömoemawmfü orx0dyóem yGm;&rnfh Mo0g'enf;vrf;rsm;udk a[mMum;xm;jcif;

½Sdygonf bk&m;/
xdkrSwyg;vnf; ygxdu0*¾ ygVdawmf 'okwå&okwfü-
uwar a'G "r®m bma0wAÁm? oraxm p 0dyóem p? £ar a'G "r®m bma0wAÁm/
('D 3/ 228/)
tb,fw&m;ESpfyg;wdkUudk yGm;aptyfukefygoenf;? orxw&m;udkvnf;aumif;? 0dyóemw&m;udk
vnf;aumif; þw&m;ESpfyg;wdkUudk yGm;aptyfygukef\[k a[mMum;xm;csuf ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
"r®pMuma'oemawmfvm rZÑry#dy'g vrf;pOfonfvnf; 0dyóemvrf;pOfw&m;wdkU
jzpfMuygonf? tewåvu©Pokwfü a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom ]]aewH rr? aeaom[ro®d? ES araom tw¬m}}
igh[m r[kwf? igr[kwf? ighudk,fr[kwf[laom w&m;wdkUonfvnf; 0dyóemw&m;awmfwdkUom
jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/
"r®pMumudk jrwfEdk;onf tewåvu©Pudk txifBuD;onfqdkaom OD;Ouú|wdkU vlpkonf
"r®pMumESifh tewå vu©PokwfwdkUrSm ygaom 0dyóemudkum; y,faeMujyefonf? xdkUaMumifh olwdkUonf
bk&m;a[mtppf "r®pMum tewå vu©PokwfwdkUudk ajymjcif;r[kwfonfrSm xif½Sm;avonf/
þuJhodkU Ak'ÿd#u ax&0g'ü orx0dyóemwdkUonf bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwf\ y"me
&nf½G,fcsufvrf;pOf oHo&mrS u,fwifa&;vrf;pOfwdkU jzpfMuygonf? tvGefta&;BuD;aom y"me
jzpfaomvrf;pOf? orx 0dyóemusifhpOfwdkUudk Ak'¨0g'ü ryg0if[k ajymifajymif wif;wif;
jiif;y,faeMujcif;aMumifh xdkolwdkU\ 0g'onf Ak'ÿd#u ax&0g'ESifh rnDñGwfom t"r®0g'rsm;
jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

9/ Ak'ömoemawmf\ toufjzpfaom 0denf;usifh0wf w&m;awmfrsm;udk vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; ypfy,fNyD;
ouFef;0wfí omoemta&ûcHum rodem;rvnfaomolwdkUtm; vSnfhzsm;vdrfnmí q&mwpfql vkyfcJh
jcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh usrf;*eftaxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh xyfrHapm'emaom 0daooapm'emyg bk&m;/
0dea,m emr Ak'ömoeó tm,k 0dea, Xdaw omoeH XdwH a[mwd/ (0d? |? 1/ 11/)
]]0denf;onf omoemawmf\ touf? 0denf;wnfrS omoemwnfrnf}} jzpfaomaMumifh
&[ef;awmfwdkUonf 0denf; odu©myk'frsm;udk ruJh&JU&? uJh&JUygaomf ygpdwftmywfoifhap[k
ynwfawmfrlxm;aMumif;udk ]]odu©m y' 0d0PÖau ygpdwåd,H}} [k ygpdwfygVdawmfü vm½Sdygonf? 0denf;
ta&;BuD;aomaMumifh 0denf;udk uJh&JUvQif ygpdwftmywf ynwfxm;ygonf/

0denf;w&m;awmfonf tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmefodkU qdkufa&mufonftxd tusdK;BuD;rm;aMumif;
y&d0g&ygVdawmfü ñTefjyxm;awmfrlyHkudk wynfhawmfrsm; wifjyavQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
0dea,m oH0&w¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ 0dea,m? 0denf;onf/ oH0&w¬m,? apmifhpnf;jcif;iSm/
a[mwd? jzpf\/ (0denf; onf apmifhpnf;zdkU jzpfygonf bk&m;/)
oH0a&m t0dyÜ#dom&w¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ oH0a&m? apmifhpnf;jcif;onf/ t0dyÜ#dom&w¬m,?
ESvHk;pdwf0rf; at;csrf;jcif;tvdkUiSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ (apmifhpnf;jcif;onf pdwfESvHk;csrf;omrI jzpfzdkUyg
bk&m;/)
t0dyÜ#doma&m ygrkZÆw¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ t0dyÜ#doma&m? ESvHk;rom,mrI rjzpfjcif;onf/
ygrkZÆw¬m,? 0rf;om0rf;ajrmuf jzpfjcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ (pdwfESvHk;rom,mrI rjzpf&jcif;onf
0rf;om0rf;ajrmuf jzpfzdkUyg bk&m;/)
ygrkZÆH yDww¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ ygrkZÆH? 0rf;om0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf/ yDww¬m,? ESpfouf
½Tifvef;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ (0rf;om0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf ESpfouf½Tifvef;zdkUyg bk&m;/)
yDwd okcw¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ yDwd? ESpfouf½Tifvef;jcif;onf/ okcw¬m,? csrf;omjcif;iSm/
a[mwd? jzpf\/ (ESpfouf½Tifvef; jcif;onf csrf;omzdkUyg bk&m;/)
okcH orm"w¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ okcH? csrf;omjcif;onf/ orm"w¬m,? wnfMunfjcif;iSm/
a[mwd? jzpf\/ (csrf;omjcif;onf wnfMunfzdkUyg bk&m;/)
orm"d ,xmblwÓP'óew¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ orm"d? wnfMunfjcif;onf/
,xmblwÓP'óew¬m,? ,xmblwÓPftjriftusdK;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ (wnfMunfjcif;onf
,xmblw-[kwfwdkif;rSef&mudkodwJh ÓPftjrif jzpfzdkUyg bk&m;/)

tpodkU
,xmblwÓP'óeH edAÁd'w¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ ,xmblwÓP'óeH? ,xmblw

ÓPftjrifonf/ edAÁd'w¬m,? oHo&mü NiD;aiGUjcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ (,xmblwÓPftjrifonf
oHo&mrSm NiD;aiGUzdkU jzpfygonf bk&m;/)
edAÁd'g 0d&m*w¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ edAÁd'g? oHo&mü NiD;aiGUjcif;onf/ 0d&m*w¬m,?
wyfjcif;uif;jcif;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ (oHo&mü NiD;aiGUjcif;onf wyfjcif; uif;zdkU jzpfygonf bk&m;/)
0d&ma*g 0drkwåw¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ 0d&ma*g? wyfjcif; uif;jcif;onf/ 0drkwåw¬m,?
vGwfajrmufjcif;iSm (0g) t& [wåzdkvftvdkUiSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ (wyfjcif;uif;w,fqdkwm vGwfajrmufzdkU
jzpfygonf bk&m;/)
0drkwåd 0drkwådÓP'óew¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ 0drkwåd? vGwfajrmufjcif;(0g)t&[wåzdkvfonf/
0drkwådÓP'óew¬m, ? 0drkwådÓPf jzpfjcif;tusdK;iSm/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ (vGwfajrmufjcif;onf
0drkwådÓP'óe qdkwJh aypöapu©PmÓPf tjrif&zdkU jzpfygonf bk&m;/)
0drkwådÓP'óeH tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmew¬m, (0d? 5/ 288/)/ 0drkwådÓP'óeH?
0drkwådÓPf'óeqdkwJh ypöa0u©PmÓPf tjrifonf? tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmew¬m,? tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmef tusdK;iSm/
a[mwd? jzpf\/ (0drkwådÓP 'óeqdkwJh ÓPftjrifonf tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmef tusdK;zdkU jzpfygonf bk&m;/)
þuJhodkU 0denf;onf tqifhqifh tqufquftm;jzifh tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmefwdkifatmif
qdkufa&mufonfh tusdK;BuD;rm;vSaom w&m;awmf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
txufyg a'oemawmfudk csKyfMunfhvQif 0denf;odu©m vdkufemusifhoHk;ygrS ,xmblwÓPf
&EdkifzdkUtaMumif; od&ygonf bk&m;? vl0wfaMumifjzpfuvnf; 5-yg;oDv? 10-yg;oDv tp½Sdaom
vlUusifh0wf ½SdrS (0g) udk,fusifhw&m;½SdrS tjrifrSef jrifEdkifonf[k odEdkifygonf bk&m;/
,ck 0denf;odu©mudk y,faom OD;Ouú|wdkUonf þbk&m;a[m a'oemawmft& ,xmblwÓPf
tjrifrSefwdkUudk r&EdkifMuaMumif; xif½Sm;vSygonf? ]rsufpduef; wapäraMumuf} [laompum;yHkuJhodkU
[kwfvdrfhEdk;Edk; qifuef;awmwdk; ajymMu a[mMu a0zefMujcif;wdkUom jzpfonf[k a'oemawmfESifh ñdSí
odEdkifavmufMuygNyD bk&m;/

xdk0denf;w&m;awmfudk bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwf ynwfawmfrlwJhtcg tusdK;r½Sd taMumif;rJh
ynwfawmfrlcJhonf r[kwfyg? q,fyg;aom tusdK;w&m;eJU pyfwJh taMumif;w&m;wdkUudk tpGJûyí
ynwfawmfrljcif; jzpfw,fqdkwm yg&mZduPfygVdawmfü-
awe [d bdu©a0 bdu©LeH odu©my'H ynayómrd 'o tw¬0ao y#dpö oHCok|Kwm,ç
oHCzmokwm,ç 'krÜuFleH yk*¾vmeH ed*¾[m,ç ayovmeH bdu©LeH zmok0d[m&m,ç 'd|"r®dumeH

tpodkU
tmo0geH oH0&m,ç orÜ&m,dumeH tmo0geH y#dCmwm, tyÜoEémeH yom'g,ç yoEémeH

bda,smbm0g,ç o'¨r®|dwd,m 0de,mEk*¾[m,/ (0d? 1/ 24/)
þpum;&yfwdkUudk q|oH*g,em jrefrmjyef pum;twdkif; avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU odkUjzpfvQif-
(1) oHCmawmf\ aumif;ygNyD[k vG,fulpGm usifhoHk;&ef?
(2) oHCmawmfrsm; csrf;omap&ef?
(3) tusifhoDv azmufzsufolwdkUudk ESdrfeif;&ef?
(4) tusifhoDvudk cspfjrwfEdk;aom &[ef;wdkUudk csrf;ompGm aeEdkif&ef?
(5) rsufarSmufü jzpfukefaom qif;&Jtxl;wdkUudk apmifhpnf;&ef?
(6) aemifjzpfvwåHUukefaom qif;&Jtxl;wdkUudk y,f½Sm;&ef?
(7) rMunfñdkao;aom olwdkUudk Munfñdkap&ef?
(8) MunfñdkNyD;aom olwdkUudk wdk;í Munfñdkap&ef?
(9) olawmfaumif;w&m; omoemoHk;&yf wnfwHh&ef?
(10) 0denf; pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk csD;ajr§muf&ef-
[laom tusdK; (10) yg;wdkUudk tpGJûyí &[ef;wdkUtm; odu©myk'fudk ynwfawmfrlrnf[k rdefUawmfrl\/
(0d jref 1? 29/)

xdkUjyif bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwfonf y&dedAÁmefanmifapmif;ü avsmif;pufawmfrlpOftcgrSm
0denf;w&m;udk av;pm;zdkUudk a[mMum;cJhygonf bk&m;/
a,m a0g tmeE´ r,m "ar®m p 0dEka,m p a'odawm ynawåm? aom a0g rrpöa,e
ow¬m/ (0d jref 1? 29/)
('DCedum,f r[m0*¾ygVdawmf? r[my&dedAÁmeokwf)
tmeE´m iga[mMum;xm; ynwfxm;aom w&m;awmfESifh 0denf;awmfonf iguG,fvGefaomtcgü
oifwdkU\ q&mbk&m;yif jzpfay\/ ('D 2? 126-7/)
þuJhodkU 0denf;w&m;awmfudk av;av;pm;pm; vdkufem&ef bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwfu a[mMum;
ñTefjyxm;awmfrlygvsuf 0denf;w&m;awmfudk ypfy,f½Iwfcs ajymqdkaeMuaomolwdkUonf
edAÁmefw&m;awmfudk y,fjrpfwm;qD;&m a&mufaeonfudkvnf; odem;vnfjcif; r½SdMuygukef/

tpodkU
xdkUjyif oH*g,emajcmufwefwif 0denf;yd#uawmfü ûzwfy,fp&m xnfhoGif;p&m rvdktyf?

tynwåH e ynmaywAÁH? ynwåH e orkpädE´dwAÁH? bk&m;½Sif rynwfonfudk xyfrH rynwf& rxnfhoGif;&?
ynwfNyD; ½SdNyD; odu©myk'frsm;udkvnf; rnfonfh taMumif;jycsufjzifhrQ ry,f&/
]*½kuv[kauok *½kau umwAÁH} odu©myk'fESifh pyfvsOf;í tav;taygh½SdvQif tav;odkU
vdkuf&rnf? þuJhodkU ynm½Sdaom olawmfaumif;wdkU vdkufemusifhoHk;cJhMuonf? xdkUaMumifhvnf;
Ak'ömoemawmf 2500-ausmftxd wnfwHhvmjcif; jzpfonf/
0denf;wpfpdwfwpfa'ojzpfap tm;vHk;udkjzpfap ypfy,f rvdkufemaomfum; omoemudk
toufxGufatmifvkyfjcif; jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;vSay&m bmeJUrQ zHk;uG,fí&rnf r[kwfygay/
odkUjzpfaomaMumifh 0denf;y,f 0denf;jzwf vkyf&yfonf omoemawmf oefU½Sif;wnfwHha&;twGuf
tEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;vSygojzifh t"r®0g'wHqdyf cyfEdSyfay;awmfrlMuyg&ef ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf
bk&m;/

tpodkU

10/ 0denf;w&m;awmfudk rypfy,fbJ bk&m;½Sif\ 0denf;odu©m yk'fawmfrsm;udk toufwrQ
vdkufemusifhoHk; aexdkifMuaom &[ef;aumif; ½Sifaumif; oHCmawmfwdkUtm; yufyufpufpuf pGyfpGJykwfcwf
a&;omNyD; oHCmawmf udk apmfum;rI ûyjcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emyg bk&m;/
1/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrSefvQif bkef;BuD;yifjzpfap? vlyifjzpfap omoemawmf\wm0efudk
wu,fwrf; xrf;aqmifaeMuaom &[ef;aumif; ½Sifaumif; oHCmawmftaygif;udk uJh&JU½Iwfcsaompum;
rajymMum;0HhMuyg bk&m;? rme a'go tavsmuf armufarmufrmrm ajymrdMuygvQifvnf;
0efcsawmif;yefavh ½SdMuygonf bk&m;? oHCmawmfudk rapmfum;jcif;onf Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifrsm;
av;av;pm;pm; apmifhxdef;xm;&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;BuD; jzpfygonf bk&m;? rav;rpm;
apmfum;MuvQifvnf; tjypfBuD;rm;vSaMumif; olawmfaumif;rsm;u ,HkMunfMuygonf bk&m;/

2/ oHCmawmftm; qJa&;apmfum;rdí Nydwåm jzpf&½Smaom ausmif;'g,umwpfa,mufudk
t½Sifr[marm*¾v’mef &[Eåmt½Sifjrwfu jrifawGU&í ar;aomtcg Nydwåmu jyefvnfajzMum;yHkudk
ayw0w¬K ygVdawmfü atmufygtwdkif; yg½Sdygonf bk&m;/
wóm[H 0peH okwGm? bdu©a0g y&dbmodoH/
wó ur®0dygaue? aywavmuH £awm *awm/ (ck? 2? 213/)
t½Sifbk&m;-wynfhawmf udk;uG,fxm;aom xdkq&mawmfBuD;\pum;udk Mum;&í olawmfaumif;
&[ef;awmfwdkUudk wynfhawmf qJcJhrdygonf/ xdkqJcJhaom uH\ tusdK;tm;jzifh wynfhawmfonf
Nydwåmb0odkU a&mufcJh&ygonf bk&m;/
þpum;onf oHCmudk apmfum;ojzifh Nydwåmb0odkU a&muf&½Smaom ausmif;'g,uma[mif;
Nydwåm\pum; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-

3/ bk&m;½Sif\ omoemawmfudk ,kwfavsmhapatmif ûyvkyfojzifh A[kokw½Sif &[ef;BuD;ESifh
todkif;t0dkif;rsm; t0Dpd vm;MuyHkrsm;vnf; usrf;pmrsm;ü yg½Sdygonf bk&m;/
aomyd uydavm {0H wH omoeH MoouúmaywGm umvH uawm t0Dpdr[med&a, edAÁwåd?
omydó rmwm p b*deD p waó0 'd|mEk*wð tmyZÆd[Gm ayoav bdu©L tauúmormem
y&dbmormem umvH uwGm ed&a, edAÁwåðok/ (okwåedygw |? 2? 43/)

tpodkU
A[kokwBuD;rm; o'¨gw&m;r½Sdaom xdkuydv &[ef;BuD;onfvnf; ("r®[lí vnf;r½Sd?

0denf;[lívnf;r½Sd ponfjzifh) þodkUajymqdkum uóyjrwfpGmbk&m;\ xdkomoemawmfudk
qkwf,kwfapaomaMumifh uG,fvGefavaomf r[mt0Dpdi&Jü jzpfcJh&NyD? xdkuydv&[ef;qdk;\ r,fawmfESifh
ESrwdkUonfvnf; xdkuydv&[ef;qdk;\ 'd|mEk*wdodkUvdkufum oDvjrwfEdk;Muaom &[ef;aumif;wdkUudk
qJMuarmif;rJMuaomaMumifh aoaomf i&Jü jzpfcJhMuNyD/
þusrf;pmt& A[kokwBuD;aomfvnf; vrf;rSm;vdkufu aemufvdkufrsm;ygi&Jvm;&yHkudk
owdûyp&m jzpfygonfbk&m;/

4/ oHCmawmfrsm;udk pGyfpGJuJh&JUvQif b0oHo&mtjzmjzmü ab;'ku©rsm;pGm êuHvmrnfhta&;udk
olawmfaumif;rsm;onf awG;qaMumufvefUMuygonf bk&m;? o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmfü yg½Sdaom-
a,m edE´d,H yoHowd? wH 0g edE´wd a,m yoHoda,m/
0dpdemwd rkace aom uvð? uvdem awe okcH e 0dE´wd/ (oH? 1? 154/)
uJh&JUxdkufoludk csD;rGrf;olESifh csD;rGrf;xdkufoludk uJh&JUolonf yg;pyfjzifh tjypfudk qnf;yl;½SmazG\?
xdktjypfaMumifh csrf;omudk r&Edkif[laom a'oemt& "r®vrf;aMumif; ajzmifhatmif
txl;owdxm;Mu&ygonf? olawmfaumif;wdkUonf oHCmqdkvQif ykxkZOfoHCmudkyif rpGyfpGJvdkMuyg/
t&d,moHCmudk pGyfpGJzdkUta&;rSm a0;vSygonf/ ynmt&mü {w'*f&awmfrlaom vuf,mawmf&H &[EÅm
t½Sifom&dykMwmESifh 0denf;t&m {w'*f&awmfrlaom &[Eåmt½SifOygvd wdkUvdk olawmfaumif;BuD;rsm;
tay:üum; EIwfjzifh xkwfazmfpGyfpGJ&ef rqdkxm;bd pdwfjzifh rjypfrSm;&JMuyg bk&m;/
5/ a,m aom bdu©a0 bdu©K tauúmouy&dbmoaum t&d,ly0g'D ojA[®pm&DeH?
wó yÍö tm'De0g yg#ducFg? uwar yÍö? yg&mZdaum 0g a[mwd qdEý&dAaE¨m? tnw&H 0g
oHudvd|H tmywåð tmyZÆwd? AmVH 0g a&m*gwuø zkowd? or®LaV§m umvH ua&mwd? um,ó
ab'g y&H r&Pm tyg,H 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆbd? a,m aom bdu©a0 bdu©K tauúm-
ouy&d bmoaum t&d,ly0g'D ojA[®pm&DeH? wó £ar yÍö tm'De0g yg#ducFg/ (tH 2? 220/)
&[ef;wdkU oDwif;oHk;azmfwdkUudk qJa&;wwf a&½GwfBudrf;armif;wwf t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkUtm;
pGyfpGJwwf aom &[ef;onf tjypfig;rsdK;wdkUudk rcRwf&vdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhtyfukef\/
tb,fig;rsdK;wdkUenf;[lrl-
(1) avmukwå&mw&m; jywfí avmukwå&mw&m;rS qHk;½IH;\?
(2) npfEGrf;aom tmywfwpfrsdK;rsdK;odkUrlvnf; a&mufMu\?
(3) jyif;xefaom a&m*godkUrlvnf; a&muf\?
(4) awGa0vsuf ao&\?

tpodkU
(5) cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;í aoNyD;onfrS aemufü csrf;omuif;aom raumif;aomvm;&mç

ysufpD;í usa&muf&m jzpfaom i&JodkU a&muf\/
&[ef;wdkU oDwif;oHk;azmfwdkYudk qJa&;wwf? a&½Gwf Budrf;armif;wwf? t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkUtm;
pGyfpGJwwfaom&[ef;onf þtjypfig;rsdK;wdkUudk rcRwf &vdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhtyf\/ (tif jref 2? 227/)
q&mawmft½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-
6/ t&d,mudk jypfrSm;vQif avmukwå&mw&m;xl;rS qHk;½IH;jcif; paom þtjypfig;rsdK;
êuH&onfudk olawmfaumif;rSeforQ b,folrS rvdkvm;Muyg? êuHvnf; rêuHvdkMuyg? bk&m;udkvnf;
r,HkMunfMuaom t"r®orm;rsm;taetm;jzifhum; t&d,moHCmudk apmfum;&Jjcif;udkyif
*kPfxl;BuD;wpfck[k xifcsif xifMuyg vdrfhrnf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifhyif t&d,moHCmudkyg apmfum;Mujcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;/

7/ oufawmfxif½Sm; bk&m;½Sif\wynfh &[EÅmBuD;rsm;jzpfMuaom t½Sifom&dykwå&mESifh
t½SifOygvdwdkY "r®tajccHoabmxm; 0denf;tajccH oabmxm; uGJjym;Muav[ef or®m'd|d
okaowe0g'DwdkU a&;om;Mujcif;rSm &[Eåmt½SifjrwfBuD;rsm;udk apmfum;jcif;oufouf jzpfygonf bk&m;?
bk&m;w&m;awmf rSefvQif "r®t&mü jzpfap? 0denf;t&mü jzpfap? &[EÅmrSeforQ pdwfwloabmwl
t,loDv wlrQMuygonf bk&m;? ,HkrSm; oHo, r½SdMuyg bk&m;? þuJhodkU &[Eåm
t½SifjrwfBuD;rsm;ESifhwuG oHCmawmfrSeforQudk ½Iwfcsapmfum; jcif;onf "r®vrf; vdkufvdk Muolrsm;
rvkyf&Jaom tvkyfjzpfygonf? omoemawmfwpf&yfvHk;udk apmfum;aom olwdkU\ oHCmapmfum;jcif;onf
t"r®orm;wdkY\ t"r®vkyf&yfom jzpfygojzifh t"r®0g'tjzpf pdppf qHk;jzwf ay;awmfrlMuyg&ef
wynfhawmfrsm;u avQmufxm;Muygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

11/ y&dwf[k ac:qdkaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk r½Gwf aumif;[kqdkNyD; y&dwf½GwfrIudk qefUusifí
Ak'¨bmom q&mpOfquf vdkufemusifhoHk;cJhaom vrf;pOfudk zsufqD;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emyg
bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
yxrapm'emvTmwGif bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk r½Gwfaumif;[kqdkNyD; y&dwf½GwfrIudk qefUusifí
Ak'¨bmom q&mpOfquf vdkufemusifhoHk;cJhaom vrf;pOfudk zsufqD;aejcif;tay: t"r®0g' jzpfaMumif;
avQmufxm;cJhygonf? xdk avQmufxm;csufudk ydkrdkcdkifcHhatmif ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfrsm;
taxmuftxm;jzifh ,ck xyfrHí wifjy avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-

wynfhawmfrsm;onf apm'emrIudk ûy&mwGif apm'emESpf&yfvHk;ü vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'ç
or®m'd|dokawoe0g'ESifh vufopfa½Ttbd"r®m0g'½SifwdkU\ a&;om;a[majymcsufrsm; ay;pmwdkifpm
ponfrsm;udk tcdkiftrm taxmuftxm;ûyí tav;teuf apm'emrI ûyMujcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;? ,aeY
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f trSwf(2) ½Hk;awmfodkU "r® t"r® ppfaq; tqHk;tjzwfay; cHEdkif&ef
wynfhawmfrsm; avQmufxm;apm'em&mü rcdkifvHk rwdusaom taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh rapm'emMuyg
bk&m;? t&yfajym ½Sifajym vlajympum;rQjzifhvnf;aumif; &dyfzrf;oHMum; pum;>rufrQjzifh vnf;aumif;
rapm'emMuyg bk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkUonf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ "r® t"r® twGufrQ rMunfhrlyJ
omoemwpf&yfvHk;\ "r® t"r® ta&;udkom OD;wnfí apm'emMuygonf bk&m;? bk&m;½Sif\
a½TrsufESmawmf wpfckwnf;udkom axmufxm;í jzpfay:aeaom omoemawmf\ "r®EÅ&m,frsm;
z,f½Sm;a&;? aemifray:aygufa&;wdkUbufrS &yfwnfí omoemh ordkif;ay;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifaeMujcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
wynfhawmfrsm; txufyg pum;&yfrsm;udk avQmufxm;ae&jcif;rSm yxrapm'emvTm wifpOfu-
]]ewfrSDü oDwif;oHk;aexdkifMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onf y&dwfr½GwfMuyg}} [k
ocifjrwfqdkifudk,fwdkifu 0efcHxm;ygonf bk&m;-
[k wynfhawmfrsm; avQmufxm; apm'emoGm;&mwGif pk'dwu OD;pE´m"du udk,fwdkifu apm'emrsm;\
apm'emvTmwGifyg0ifaom ¤if;wdkU y&dwfr½Gwfqdkaom apm'emrIrSm r[kwfaMumif; jiif;qdkoGm;ygonf
bk&m;/

tpodkU
wynfhawmfrsm;onf atmufyg ocifjrwfqdkif\ ay;pmt& apm'em&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;?

ocifjrwfqdkif\ay;pmudk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; em;qifawmfrlMuyg bk&m;/
odkU
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU?
urÇmat;ukef;ajr? &efukef/
aeUpGJ? 2-1-81/
½dkaoav;jrwfpGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf t½Sifoljrwfrsm; bk&m;-
wynfhawmfonf 1-1-81 aeYu awmifwGif;BuD; ewfrSDawm&odkU acwå a&mufoGm;ygonf bk&m;?
xdktcg ewfrSDü oDwif;oHk; aexdkifawmfrlMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;xHrS atmufyg tcsufrsm;udk
Mum;cJh&ygonf bk&m;/
¤if;wdkUrSm-
(1) *dkPf;*P0g'pGJ rxm;Muyg?
(2) twå'd|d,SOfaom tcsufrsm;udk a½SmifMuOfMuygonf?
(3) a&pufcsí yk*¾dKvfa&; tydkif,ljcif;rsdK; rûyMuyg?
(4) y&dwf r½GwfMuyg?
(5) wPSm'd|dESifh ,SOfaom qkawmif; qkay;rI rvkyfMuyg?
(6) twdwf tem*wfqdkif&m ur®0g'udk a&SmifMuOfMuygonf/
ocifjrwfqdkif
trSwf-4? pdefcs,fvrf;?usduúqH&yf
a½T*Hkwdkifpmwdkuf? &efukef/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU bk&m;-
wynfhawmfrsm;onf pk'dwu OD;qE´m"duudk,fwdkif csifhcsdefEdkif&ef ewfrSDudk,fawmfrsm;
y&dwfr½GwfMuygqdkaom taxmuftxm;udk wifjyavQmufxm;&ygonf bk&m;/
þudpöESifh pyfvsOf;í OD;qE´m"duonf y&dwf½Gwf a&pufcs ponfvkyfygu ocifjrwfqdkifu
r[kwfrrSef a&;om;jcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;? OD;qE´m"duESifh ocifjrwfqdkifwdkU tjyifrSm ½Sif;Mu&efom
&Sdygonf bk&m;/
pk'dwu OD;qE´m"duudk,fwdkif yxrapm'emvTm wifoGif;pOfu þ½Hk;awmfa½SUwGif ¤if;wdkU
y&dwf½GwfMuaMumif; 0efcHajymqdkjcif;udk wynfhawmfrsm;u 0rf;ajrmufEkarmf om"kac:ygaMumif;
avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
wynfhawmfrsm; q&mpOfquf oif,lcJh&onfrSm y&dwfBuD;(11)okwfom jzpfygonf bk&m;?
y&dwfawmfrsm;ü bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm; ygygonf bk&m;? vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|url ¤if;a[maom
wdwfacGwGif y&dwfBuD;rsm;udk r,HkrMunf ypfy,f ykwfcwfxm;ygonf bk&m;? r,HkMunf½HkrQru y&dwfBuD;
(12)okwf [lívnf; aumif; t&nf;BuD;vufusef[lí vnf;aumif; tremy ajyma[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
vlwdkif;\ udk,fpdwfESpfyg; usef;rmrIonf ya,m*ç Owkç tm[m&ç pdwåç ur® [laom
tajccHtaMumif;rsm;ay:wGif wnf½Sdaeygonf bk&m;/
txufazmfjyyg tajccHtaMumif;w&m;rsm; rnDrQí obm0vrf;aMumif; azmufjyefvsuf
a0'emwpfck jzpfay:vmaom Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½SifvlwdkUonf acwfrD aq;q&m0efESifh aq;rsm;udk
rSD0JMuonfhenf;wl y&dwfcsnf y&dwfa& paom pdwfûyjyifenf;ç uHjr§ifhwifenf;ç emrf aq;wdkUjzifhvnf;
,xmblw obm0usus ukpm;vsuf ½SdMuygonf bk&m;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifudk,fawmfwdkif EIwfawmfwGwfwGwf ½Gwfí a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom edum,fig;&yf
yd#uoHk;oG,f ygVdawmfrsm;rS t½Snfudk ajrmfjrifawmfrlMuaom a½S;acwf omoemawmfapmifh
rax&fjrwfBuD;rsm;onf xdky&dwfawmfrsm;udk waygif;wnf pkaygif; xkwfEkwfí y&dwfBuD;[laom trnfjzifh
oD;jcm; usrf;wpfapmiftjzpf pDpOfxm;cJhMuygonf bk&m;/
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh or®m'd|dokawoe paom taygif;ygwdkUonf y&dwfawmfrsm;udk r,HkMunf
ykwfcwfqJa&; xm;aomfvnf; bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif y&dwfawmfrsm;udk cGifhûycJhaMumif;
ygVdtaxmuftxm;rsm; ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
'DCedum,f ygxdu0*f tm#mem#d,okwfygVdawmfü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;wdkUtm;
atmufygtwdkif; tm#mem#d, t&Htwm;udk oif,lavhvm aqmifxm;Mu&ef wdkufwGef;awmfrlxm;onfudk
awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
O*¾PSmx bdu©a0 tm#mem#d,H &u©H y&d,mykPmx bdu©a0 tm#mem#d,H &u©H? "ma&x
bdu©a0 tm#mem#d,H &u©H? tw¬oH[dwm bdu©a0 tm#mem#d,m &u©m bdu©LeH bdu©LeDeH
OygoumeH OygodumeH *kwåd,m &u©m, t0d[ðom, zmok0d[m&m,mwd/ ('D? 3? 174/)

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU tm#mem#d,rnfaom y&dwft&Htwm;udk oif,lMuukefavmh? &[ef;wdkU
tm#mem#d,rnfaomy&dwf\ t&Htwm;udk tzefzef avhvmMuukefavmh? &[ef;wdkU tm#mem#d,rnfaom
y&dwft&Htwm;udk aqmifMuukefavmh? &[ef;wdkU tm#mem#d,rnfaom y&dwft&Htwm;onf
tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifhpyf\? tm#mem#d, rnfaom y&dwft&Htwm;onf &[ef;a,mufsm;ç &[ef;rdef;rç
Oygouma,mufsm;ç Oygodumrdef;rwdkU\ tumtuG,f tapmifhta&Smuf jzpfjcif;iSmç
rqif;&Jryifyef;jcif;iSmç csrf;ompGm ae&jcif;iSm jzpf\/ ('D? jref-3? 194/)
0denf;yd#u ygpdwfygVdawmf bdu©KeD0dbif; wd&pämeuxm odu©myk'f ESpfck\
temywåd0g&wdkUüvnf;-
temywåd *kwåw¬m,? y&dwåH y&d,mykPmwd/
temywåd *kwåw¬m,? y&dwåH 0gapwd/ (0d? 2? 402-403/)
[k ab;&efrS vHkûcHa&;twGuf y&dwfudk oif,lydkUcsaom &[ef;rdefrtm; tmywfrS uif;vGwfcGifhay;aom
ynwfcsufudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
þodu©myk'fü cGifhûytyfaom y&dwf[lonf-
y&dwåEÅd ,u©y&wåem*r@vm'dab'H oAÁr®d 0¥wd - (0d |? 3? 215/)
[laom t|uxmESifh tnD wapäo&JEkdifrEÅef? ajrGEdkifrEÅef ponfwkdU jzpfygonf bk&m;/ bk&m;a[m
r[kwfaom þrEÅefrsKd;udkyif oif,lcGifh ydkUcscGifh ûyawmfrlonfqkdvQif bk&m;a[mjzpfonfh y&dwfwkdUudkrlum;
txl;qdkzG,fr½Sd cGifhûyjyD;yif jzpfygawmhonf bk&m;/ xkdUtjyif &[ef;rdef;rwkdUtm; cGifhûyonf qkdxm;ojzihf
&[ef;a,mufsm;ESifhwuG vl'um? 'umrwkdUtm;vnf; cGifhûyjyD;yif jzpfygawmhonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwkdU bk&m;-

NrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHvGefawmf rljyD;aemufüvnf; y&dwfonf ta&;MuD;aom
bmoma&;vkyfief;wpf&yf jzpfcJhygonf bk&m;/ t|uxmq&m t½Sifr[mAk'äCmorax&f
ay:xGef;csdefjzpfonfh omoemESpf udk;&mausmf wpfaxmifcefUüvnf; y&dwf½GwfzwfrIudk Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU
vkdufemusifhoHk;cJhMuaMumif; od&ygonf bk&m;/
yg&mZduPf t|uxm ('k? 67) üvnf; vlwkdUtwGuf y&dwf½Gwfay;rIESifh ywfoufí
&[ef;awmfwkdU vdkufemp&mrsm;udk jyqkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/ ¤if;onfvnf; xkdtcgu vlwkdUonf rdrdwdkU
ta&;udpö ay:aygufvmaomtcg &[ef;awmfwkdUudk yifhí y&dwfw&m; em,lavh½SdyHk taxmuftxm;wpf&yf
jzpfygonf bk&m;/ xkdusrf;üyif y&dwfa&? y&dwfcsnf taMumif;rsm;udkyg wygwnf; jyqdkxm;ojzifh

tpodkU
y&dwfa&? y&dwfcsnfwkdUudk ab;&efwm;qD;a&;twGuf ,HkMunfpGm toHk;ûyjcif;onfvnf; xkdtcgu

tom;usvsuf½Sdaom bmoma&;vkyfief; wpfckjzpfaMumif; odEkdifygonf bk&m;/
jrefrmEkdifiHüvnf; yk*HacwfOD;ydkif;uyif y&dwf½GwfzwfrI &SdcJhaMumif; ausmufpmtaxmuftxm;rsm;
t& od&Sd&ygonf bk&m;/ usefppfom;rif;MuD;onf eef;awmfaqmufvkyfaomtcg t½Sift&[H trª;½Sdaom
&[ef;awmf (4108) yg;wkdUudk y&dwfr*Fvm ½GwfapcJhonf[k usefppfom;rif;w&m;MuD;\ eef;awmf
rGefausmufpm jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm (47-48) wGif awGU½Sd&ygonf bk&m;/

y&dwfawmfrsm;onf twefwefaom ab;&eftEÅ&m,frsm;udk umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifonf[k
qkdaomfvnf; y&dwf½Gwfzwfem,lenf;rusygu tusKd;&rnf r[kwfygbk&m;/ y&dwf½Gwfzwf em,lenf;
usap&ef y&dwf½GwfolwkdU jynhfpHk&rnfh t*Fg (3) yg;ESifh y&dwfem,lolwkdU jynfhpHk&rnfh t*Fg (3) yg;udk
odxm;&ygrnf bk&m;/
'DCedum,f ygxdu0*f t|uxm tm#mem#d,okwf pmrsufESm 149 üvmaom
y&dwf½GwfolwkdUjynfhpHk&rnfh t*Fg (3) yg;rSm -
(1) teufo'´gwkdUudk okwfoifí aumif;pGm oif,lxm;jcif;?
(2) yk'fAsnf;wkdUudk r,kwfap&? jynfhpHkatmif avhvmusufrSwfxm;jcif;?
(3) vmbfvmbudk riJh? Arwåma½SUxm;í ½Gwfqdkjcif;?
wdkU jzpfygonf bk&m;/
rdvdEýO¨m (155) üvmaom y&dwfemolwkdU jynfhpHk&rnfh t*Fg (3) yg;rSm
(1) yOömeEÅ&d,uH r½Sdjcif;?
(2) edw,rdpäm'd|d r[kwfjcif;?
(3) y&dwfwefcdk;ukd ,HkMunfjcif;?
wkdU jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þpum;t& owdûy&ef wpfcsufrSm rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkifu Ak'¨"r® t,lrSefrS? wdrf;,drf;aeolrsm;
jzpfygu y&dwftmedoif y&dwftusKd; r&Ekdifygbk&m;/ xkdUaMumifhyif OD;Ouú|wkdUu rdrdwkdUrcHpm;Edkifonfh
t&omjzpfí ]ajracG;u opfyifay:u oyspfoD;csOfonf} [k ajymaom yHkjyifuJhokdU y&dwfawmfrsm;udk
y,favoavm pOf;pm;zG,f jzpfygonf bk&m;/

wynfhawmfrsm; avQmufxm;cJhonfh y&dwfawmfrsm;onf bk&m;udk,fawmfwkdifa[m Ak'¨bmodw
jzpfjcif; q&mpOfquf vdkufemusifhoHk;tyfonfh Ak'¨bmom0if &[ef; ½Sif vlwkdU\ wefzdk;rjzwfEkdifonfh

tpodkU
bmoma&;tarG? ,Ofaus;rI tarGMuD;wpfck jzpfjcif;? y&dwfawmfrsm;udk ½Gwfol? emol ESpfOD;ESpfzuf

t*FgpHkpHkjzifh ½Gwfzwfo&ZÑ,f em,lu ypöKyÜef oHo&m ESpfjzmtusKd; yGm;wkd;aMumif; jzpfjcif;wkdUudk ax&0g'
yd#uwfawmf taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh avQmufxm;wifjyjyD; jzpfygonf/ xkda'oemawmfrsm;t&
y&dwfawmfrsm;ESifh y&dwf½Gwfzwf o&ZÑ,fawmfrlMuaom oHCmawmfrsm;? y&dwfemol Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;
tay: ykwfcwfpGyfpGJ ajymqkdrIrsm;onf t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif;? xdkt"r®0g'udk
a&;om;a[majymaeMuolrsm;onfvnf; t"r®0g'Drsm;om jzpfaMumif; 0dedpä, ûyay;awmfrlMuyg&ef

tpodkU
0daoo apm'em trSwf (12)

12/ yxrapm'emvTmwGif yg0ifaom trSwf (12) apm'em (ouFef;ESifh 0wfxnf? qHawmfESifh jrif;jrD;)
udpöudk ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfvm om"uwdkUjzifh xyfrHavQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-
1/ xkdtrSwf (12) apm'emvTmwGif Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdU txGwftjrwfxm;í
qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&m jzpfaom "gwfawmf? arGawmf? apwDykxdk;? ½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;udk ylaZmforI ûy&mü
Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; o'¨gw&m;ysufjym;atmif rawmfrw&m; a&;om; ajyma[mjcif;rsm;udk
apm'emxm;cJhygonf bk&m;/
2/ rawmfrw&m; a&;om;xm;csufrsm;teuf-
(u) ouFef;ESifh vlwdkU\ t0wfykqdk; bmrQrxl;jcm;? twlwl[k qdkxm;jcif;?
(c) bk&m;½Sif\ qHawmfESifh jrif;jrD;? jrif;jrD;u ydkítoHk;0ifonf[k qkdxm;jcif;?
(*) "mwfawmf? arGawmf tp½SdonfwkdUudk trIdufo½dkufrsm;[k qkdxm;jcif;?
wkdUonf t&[wå'¨ZouFef;ESifh "mwfawmfarGawmf ponfwdkUudk r,HkrMunf ypfy,fí tremy a&;xm;jcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
3/ or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU0ifwkdU\ Mo0g'gp&d,MuD;jzpfaom OD;Ouú|onf toHk;0ifrIESifh
wefzdk;½SdrIudk cGJjcm;rodEkdif½Smaomol jzpfygonf/ ½kyfrsufvHk;onf toHk;0ifrIudkom MunfhwwfjyD;
emrfrsufvHk;u wefzdk;udk odwwfygonf bk&m;/ olUrSm ½kyfrsufvHk;om ½Sdygonf bk&m;/ Oyrm-wefzkd;ukd
odyfrodaom awmom;wpfa,muftm; pdefwpfyGifhESifh ykqdk;wpfxnfudk b,f[m,lrvJ ar;vQif ykqkd;udkyJ
,lygvdrhfrnf bk&m;/
odkUjzpfíwefzdk;udk rodolyDyD Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdUu wefzdk;xm;aom t&[wå'¨ZouFef;ESifh qHawmf
ponfwdkUudk ykwfcwfa0zefrdjcif; jzpf½Smygonf bk&m;/
ouFef;ESifh 0wfaMumif uGmjcm;yHk

4/ ,if;odkU ykwfcwfxm;csufrsm;onf atmufyg ax&0g'yd#u? a'oemawmfrsm;ESifh
vHk;0qefUusifí t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfonfhtjyif ¤if;t"r®0g'udk xlaxmifcJhaom OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG
taygif;tygrsm;onf t"r®0g'Drsm;omjzpfaMumif; apm'emtyfygonf bk&m;/
5/ ouFef;ESifh vlwkdU\ t0wfykqdk;\ jcm;em;yHkudk ax&my'gef ygVdawmfü atmufygtwkdif;
a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
yaE¦ 'doGme umom0H? q×dwH "dV§ru©dwH/
od&o®ð tOödvð uwGm? *E´dwAÁH £od'¨ZH/ (ck? 3? 52/)

tpodkU
t&[wå'¨Z ac: &[ef;omraPwkdU\ ouFef;udk vrf;êudvrf;Mum; rpifrsm; tvdrf;vdrf;

uyfjidaeaomfvnf; vlwkdU½Sdcdk;ylaZmftyf\/ yg&mZduPf t|uxmü-
yAÁZdw y&dabm*g [d tm*g&dumeH apwd,Vmeda,m (0d |? 2? 67/)
[k zGifhqkd\/ rSef\/ &[ef;wkdU toHk;taqmifjzpfaom ouFef;ponfonf? vlyk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; apwDxdkuf\/
þwGif pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; ar;vdkonfrSm jynfaxmifpk qkd½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEkdifiHawmf
tvHudk vufESD;pkwfuJhodkU toHk;ûyxdkufygoavm? jycJhygoavm[k ar;vdkygonf/
6/ wynfhawmfrsm;\ jrefrmEdkifiHudk ESpfaygif;wpf&mausmf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJU vufatmuf
uRefoabmuf jzpfae&onfhb0rS wkdif;jynfvGwfvyfa&;&atmif êud;yrf;aqmif½GufoGm;Muaom
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; paom tmZmenfacgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; ½Sdygonf bk&m;/ xkdtmZmenfMuD;rsm;\
wkdif;jynfhtay: ûyay;zl;aom aus;Zl;w&m;udk axmufxm;*kPfûyonfhtaejzifh jynfolvlxku tjrJwef;
trSwfw&½Sdap&ef ½kyfxkMuD;rsm;? "mwfyHk yef;csDum; ponfrsm; xkvkyfa&;qGJ rSwfwrf;wifum aus;Zl;qyf
*kPfûyvsuf ½SdMuygonf bk&m;/
7/ xdkenf;yrmru qHawmf"mwfjrwfocif oHk;vlU½Sifonf oHk;avmuom;rsm; tkd em ao
0#f'ku©ab;qkd;rS u,fwifawmfrlcJhygonf bk&m;? ,ckvnf; jrwfAk'¨\ enf;rSef pepfrSefwkdUjzifh
u,fwifaeqJ jzpfygonfbk&m;/ aemifudkvnf; jrwfAk'ömoem ruG,frcsif; u,fwifaeOD;rnf
jzpfygonf bk&m;/ þodkUaom rEIdif;,SOftyf aus;Zl;awmf *kPfawmf teEÅtaygif;udk
atmufarh,HkMunfrIjzifh qHawmf "mwfawmf arGawmf ponfwkdUukd jrwfEkd;orI ½dkaoorI udk;uG,forI
ûyaeMu&ygonf bk&m;/
8/ qHawmf "mwfawmf arGawmf ponfwkdUukd bk&m;½Sif\ ukd,fyGm;awmftjzpf ½dkaojrwfEdk;
½Sdckd;ylaZmfMuukefaom owå0gwkdUonf "mwfawmf arGawmfESifh apwD½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk ylaZmf&mü
oufawmfxif½Sm; bk&m;üuJhodkU pdwfxm;EkdifvQif tusKd;w&m; twlwl&Edkifonf/ pdwfxm;rIomvQif
vkd&if;y"mejzpfonf[k atmufygtwkdif; bk&m;½Sifa[m a[mMum;xm;cJhygonf bk&m;/
a,m ap ylaZ,? orÁK'¨H? wd|EÅH avmuem,uH/
"mwHk omoyrwårÜd? edAÁKwómyd ykZa,/
oar pdwåyÜom'rSd? orH yknH r[*¾wH/
wo®m xkyH u&dwGme? ykaZ[d Zde"mwka,m/ (ck 3? 168/)
wd|aEÅ edAÁKaw pmyd? oar pdawå orH zvH/
apawmyPd"da[wk [d? owåm *päEÅd ok*¾wð/ (ck 2? 66/)

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
vloHk;yg;wkdU\ tMuD;trª; em,ujzpfawmfrlaom oufawmfxif½Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
ylaZmfouJhokdU y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmf rljyD;aom bk&m;½Sif\ rkefnif;aphrQavmufaom "mwfawmfudkvnf;
ylaZmfav/
Munfñdkaomfpdwf ,dkzdwfwlnDvQif aumif;rIukokdvfvnf; wlrQonf/ xdkUaMumifh apwDykxdk;
ûyvkyfí bk&m;"mwfawmfrsm;udk ylaZmfav/
oufawmfxif½Sm; bk&m;üjzpfap? y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmfrlaom bk&m;üjzpfap? pdwfxm;rI wlrQvQif
tusKd;&vm'fvnf; wlrQayonf/ rSef\/ pdwf\ awmifhwarQmfvifhcsuf t&omvQif owå0gwkdUonf
ok*wdbHkodkY a&mufMu&jrJ jzpfayownf;/
9/ apwDykxdk; wnfxm;udk;uG,fxdkufaom bk&m;jrwfpGm? yapöuAk'¨g? bk&m;wynfhom0u?
pMu0aw;rif;? þav;yg;wkdUudk xlyg&[ xkdufonfukdvnf; bk&m;jrwfpGm atmufygtwkdif;
rdefUawmfrlygonf bk&m;/
pwåma&mar tmeE´ xlyg&[m/ uwar pwåma&m/ wxm*awm t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g
xlyg&a[m? yapöuAk'¨g orÁKa'¨g xlyg&a[m? wxm*wó om0aum xlyg&a[m? &mZmpuú0wåD
xlyg&a[mwd/ ('D? 2? 117/)
jrefrmjyef
tmeE´m þav;yg;ukefaom yk*¾dKvfwdkUudk apwDwnfxdkufukef\/ tb,fav;yg;wkdUenf;[lrl-
ylaZmftxl;ukd cHawmfrlxkdufaom (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkUudk) udk,fwdkifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
apwDwnfxkduf\/ yapöuAk'¨gudk apwDwnfxkduf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ om0uudk apwDwnfxkduf\/
pMu0aw;rif;udk apwDwnfxkduf\/ (þav;yg;wkdUwnf;)/ ('D? jref? 2/ 136/)
10/ bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfjrwf\ "mwfawmf? arGawmf? qHawmf paom apwDykxdk;
½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;udk vlewfjA[®m owå0gtaygif;wkdU ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfjcif;udk ûycJh&m y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmf
rljyD;aom bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfjrwfESifh xyfwlxyfrQ Munfvifaom yoEéo'¨gjzpfrIjcif; wlnDvQif
wlaomtusKd;tmedoifrsm;udk &Sdckd;ylaZmfaomoltm; cHpm;xkdufonf[k bk&m;jrwfpGm
atmufyga'oemawmfjzifh rdefYawmfrlygonf bk&m;
udOömeE´ tw¦0oH y#dpö wxm*awm t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g xlyg&a[m? ]]t,H wó
b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó xlayg}} wd tmeE´ A[kZem pdwåH yoma'EÅd? aw ww¬ pdwåH
yoma'wGm um,ó ab'g y&H r&Pm ok*wð o*¾H avmuH OyyZÆEÅd/ £'H acg tmeE´ tw¬0oH
y#dpö wxm*awm t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g xlyg&a[m/ ('D? 2? 118/)

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
tmeE´m tb,fodkUaom tusKd;xl;udkpGJí ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom (tvHk;pHkaom
w&m;wkdUudk) udk,fwkdifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk apwDwnfxkdufoenf;/
tmeE´m ]]þ (apwD) onf ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxkdufaom (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wkdUudk)
udk,fwkdifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom xkdjrwfpGmbk&m;\ apwDawmf[k vltrsm;wdkUonf pdwfjzihfMunfñdkukef\/
xkdolwkdUonf xkd (apwD) ü pdwfjzifhMunfñdkjyD;aom cE¨mudk,fysufpD;í aojyD;onfrSaemufü
aumif;aomvm;&m ewfjynfodkU a&muf&ukef\/
tmeE´m ]]þtusKd;xl;udk pGJí ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxkdufaom (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkUudk)
udk,fwkdifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk apwDwnfxkduf\/ ('D? jref? 2? 137/)
11/ uvd*FaAm"dZmwf t|uxm pmrsufESm (229) üvnf; bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfjrwf
y&dedAÁmefpHvGefawmfrljyD;aemuf ½lyum,jzpfaom cE¨mawmfudk pGJíjzpfaom om&D&du "mwfawmf?
bk&m;½Sif\ toHk;taqmifjzpfaom oydwf y&du©&m paom y&dabm*? bk&m;½Sifudk &nfrSwfí
xkvkyftyfaom ½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfwdkUonf apwDxkduf\ [k zGifhqkdrdefUawmfrlxm;ygonf bk&m;/
12/ 'DCedum,f ygxdu0*¾ t|uxm pmrsufESm (81-82) üvnf; "mwfawmfawG ½SdaeorQ
bk&m;½Sifvnf; oufawmfxif½Sm; ½Sdonfrnfay\ [k jyqkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/
13/ þodkU ponfjzifh ouFef;awmf? qHawmf? "mwfawmf paom ylZm&[ ylaZmfxdkufonfwkdUudk
ylaZmforIûy&mü tusKd;&yHk tzHkzHkudk tjrGufrQ avQmufxm;jyD;ygjyD bk&m;/
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwkdU\ "mwfawmfarGawmf ponfrsm;tay: uJh&JU½Iwfcs
ykwfcwfqJa&;rIrsm;onf t"r®0g'rsm;omjzpfí xkdt"r®0g'rsm;udk vkdufema&;om;
jzefUjzL;aeolrsm;onfvnf; t"r®0g'Drsm;omjzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfay;awmfrlyg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf
bk&m;/

tpodkU

13/ bmomomoem\ wifhw,frIwpfck[k qkdxkdufaom Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIESifh pyfvsOf;onfh
"avhxkH;pHrsm;udk tvkdqkd;jzifh tjrpfrSvSefvsuf wl;ûzdzsufqD;aejcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daoo apm'emcsufyg
bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-
1/ ,if;apm'emcsuf trSwf (13) wGif
(u) bk&m;½Sdckd;jcif;? ypönf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh ylaZmfjcif;? *kPfawmfyGm;jcif;? OykofoDv
aqmufwnfjcif; ponfwkdUü tusKd;½Sdonf[k r,HkMunfjcif;?
(c) apwDykxdk;rsm;udk tkwfcJ ausmufcJrsm;[k jrifjcif;?
(*) yk*Hbk&m;ykxdk;rsm; xdef;odrf;apmifha½Smuf xm;jcif;udk rESpfoufjcif;?
[laom tcsufoHk;csufudk awGU&ygrnf bk&m;/
2/ &wemoHk;yg;udk ypfy,fxm;Muonfh vlMurf;vl&rf;wkdU aexkdif&m tdrf? aus;½Gm? &yfuGuf?
ûrdUe,f? wkdif;jynfrsm;rSm at;csrf;om,mrI r½Sd 'ku©twd jzpfMurnfudk odjrifMuaom Ak'¨bmom
rdaumif;zcifrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\ om;orD;rsm;udk i,fpOfrSpí Moumo oifay;jcif;? qDrD;awmf? qGrf;awmf?
yef;awmf uyfvªapjcif;? £wdyd aom b*0g ponfh *kPfawmfwkdUudk oifay;jcif; ponfjzifh
vl,Ofaus;uav;rsm;jzpfatmif ûyjyifay;wwfMuygonf/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ ausmif;'um temxydPfvnf;
ol\om; umvudk uav;êuduf rkefUzdk;ay;íyif Ak'¨bmom ouf0if,HkMunfatmif ûyvkyfcJhygonf/
tb,faMumifhenf;qkdaomf cka&maemifyg at;csrfom,m csrf;omMuzdkUyif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
3/ bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfjrwfuvnf; rdrdpum;udk em;axmifrnfh apmifha½SmufxdkufolwkdUukd
&wemoHk;yg;ü ouf0if,HkMunfa&; oDvaqmufwnfa&;wdkUü oGif;ay;&rnf[k r[m0*¾oH,kwf ygVdawmf
yXr rdwåmrpöokwfü enf;ñTefvrf;jy xm;ygonf bk&m;/
,ckenf;ñTefcsufudk om"utjzpf wifjyygrnf bk&m;/
a, aw bdu©a0 tEkuarÜ,smx? a, p aomwAÁH ran,sKH? rdwåm 0g trpöm 0g ÚmwD
0g omavm[dwm 0g? aw bdu©a0 pwlok aomwmywådr*Fok orm'aywAÁm? eda0aowAÁm?
ywd|maywAÁm/
uwarok pwlok Aka'¨ ta0pöyÜoma' orm'aywAÁm eda0 aowAÁm ywd|m aywAÁm
]]£wdyd aom b*0g/ y/ owåma'0 rEkómeH Aka'¨g b*0g}} wd/ "ar® / y/ oHaC/ y/
t&d,uaEÅok oDavok orm'aywAÁm eda0aowAÁm ywd|maywAÁm tca@ok/ y/ orm"d
oH0wåedauok/

tpodkU
a, aw bdu©a0 tEkuarÜ,mx? a, p aomwAÁH ran,sKH rdwåm0g trpöm 0g ÚmwD 0g

omavm[dwm 0g? aw bdu©a0 £arok pwlok aomwmywådr*Fok orm'aywAÁm eda0aowAÁm
ywd|maywAÁm/ (oH? 3? 317-318/)
ygVdem;rvnfolawGtwGuf jrefrmjyefudk xkwfEkwfazmfjyygrnf bk&m;/
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU ... tpOfoem; (apmifha½Smuf) xkdufukefaom olwkdUukdvnf;aumif;? rdrdpum;udk
vdkufemvdrhfrnf[k rSwfxif&ukefaom rdwfaqG? cifyGef;? aqGrsKd;om;csif;wkdUudk vnf;aumif;? aomwmyef
t*Fgav;rsKd;wkdUü aqmufwnfaptyfukef\/ oGif;xm;tyfukef\/ wnfaptyfukef\/
tb,fav;yg;wkdUenf;/ xkdjrwfpGmbk&m;onf ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxkdufaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf;
t&[H rnfawmfrl\/ y/ ewfvlwkdU\ q&mjzpfawmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; owåma'0 rEkóme
rnfawmfrl\/ (opömav;yg; w&m;wkdUudk) odapawmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; Ak'¨ rnfawmfrl\/
bkef;wefcdk;MuD;awmfrlaom taMumif;aMumifhvnf; b*0g rnfawmfrl\-[k jrwfpGmbk&m;ü rwkefrvIyf
Munfñdkjcif;ü aqmufwnfaptyfukef\ oGif;xm;tyfukef\/ wnfaptyfukef\/ w&m;awmfü/ y/
oHCmawmfü/ y/ rwkefrvIyf Munfñdkjcif;ESifh jynfhpHk\/ rusKd;rayguf rajymufrusm;ukefaom/ y/
wnfMunfrI orm"dudk jzpfapwwfaom t&d,mwkdU ESpfouftyfaom oDvwkdUü aqmufwnfaptyfukef\/
oGif;xm;tyfukef\/ wnfaptyfukef\/ &[ef;wdkU ... tpOfoem; (apmifha½Smuf) xkdufukefaom
olwkdUukdvnf;aumif;? rdrdpum;udk vdkufemvdrhfrnf[k rSwfxif&ukefaom rdwfaqG? cifyGef;?
aqGrsKd;om;csif;wkdUudk vnf;aumif;? aomwmyef t*Fgav;rsKd;wkdUü aqmufwnfaptyfukef\/
oGif;xm;tyfukef\/ wnfaptyfukef\/ (oH? jref? 3? 319/)
4/ jrefrmEkdifiHawmfü apwDykxdk;rsm;onf jrefrmhusufoa&udkaqmifum jrefrmEkdifiH\
,Ofaus;rI *kPfta&mifukd xGef;ajymifaponfhtjyif zl;jrif&ol Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdU\
&wemoHk;yg;tay: Munfñdkjcif;wnf;[laom aumif;rIukodkvfw&m;rsm; wkd;yGm;aponfhtjyif
bk&m;pum;awmfudk vkdufemûyusifhMuojzifh vlU½GmewfxH edAÁmefwdkifajrmuf aumif;usKd;a&mufapEkdifygonf/
Oyrm trdtz "gwfyHkudk jrifvQif rdb*kPfaus;Zl;udk jyefvnfatmufarhEkdifjcif;? rdb\qHk;rpum;wkdUudk
jyefvnftrSwf&í vkdufemjcif; ponfwkdUuJhokdUyif jzpfygonf/
5/ tn0g'D yk*¾dKvfwkdUonf OD;Ouú|\ "mwfyHukd &ifüxkd;í tjrwfwEdk; ûyaeMuygvsuf
Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwdkU\ udk;uG,f&m apwDykxdk;usumrS tkwfcJausmufcJrsm;udk twkvkyfxm;onf[k
apmfapmfum;um; ajym&ufjcif;rSm vl,Ofaus;wdkU\ tajccHw&m;uav;rQ r½Sd&m a&mufaeMuygonf/
apwDykxdk;udk tkwfcJausmufcJrsm;udk twkvkyfxm;onf[laom pum;onf ax&ty'gef
ygVdawmfü-

tpodkU
wH ykyæH MopdedwGme? ok*E¨H *E¨dwH okwH/

xlyH uwGme ykvdae? Ak'¨ó tbda&my,ð/ (ck? 3? 316/)
ponfjzifh oJyHkapwD ûyvkyfum ykef;nufyef;udk vª'gef;cJhaom ukodkvfaMumifh &[EÅm tjzpfodkUwkdifatmif
a&mufcJhaom ykEém*ykyærax&f\ jzpfawmfpOf a'oemESifh qefUusif&um; t"r®0g'om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
6/ EkdifiHawmftpdk;&ESifhwuG Ak'¨bmom jrefrmvlrsKd;wkdUonf yk*H½Sd apwDykxdk;rsm;udk
Munfñdko'¨gyGm;í bk&m;udk&nfrSef;um tm;xm;udk;uG,f&m[k todtrSwf ûyMuonfhtjyif
a½S;tusqHk;aom jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI wpf&yftaejzifhvnf; tvGefjrwfEdk;Muygonf/
tvGefESpfoufMuygonf/ tvGefcifrifMuygonf/ tvGefwefzkd;xm;Muygonf/ tvGef*kPf,lMuygonf/
xdkUaMumifh rysufrpD;atmif xdef;Mu? odrf;Mu? apmifhMu? a½SmufMu? ûyMu? jyifMuESifh
þrQumvMumatmif wnfapcJhMuygonf/
8/ yk*Hbk&m;rsm; ajrivsif'PfaMumifh ûydusysufpD;oGm;aMumif; owif;Mum;&aomtcg
,Ofaus;aom Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdUonf 0rf;enf;yufvuf pdwfvufrcsrf;rom vGefpGmESajrmrI
jzpfMu&ygonf/ ûyjyifay;rnfholudk rSef;qíwrf;wMuonf/ EkdifiHawmftpkd;&u yk*Hbk&m;rsm; jyifqifzkdU
tvªcHvdkufonfqkdvQif wpfOD;csif;taejzifhvnf;aumif;? wpf&yfuGufcsif; taejzifhvnf;aumif;?
wpfûrdUe,f? wpfoif;? wpfzGJUcsif; taejzihfvnf;aumif; ololigig o'¨gjzLazG;vsuf tvªay;um
,Ofaus;rI jrwfEkd;olwkdU\ wm0efudk ausyGefapcJhMuygonf/ EkdifiH&yfjcm; wkdif;jynfrsm;uyif ay;Mu?
urf;Mu? ulMu? vªMuygonf/ udk,fwkdif ray;vªEkdifolwkdUuvnf; olwpfyg; ay;vªonfudk
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"kac:Muygonf bk&m;/
9/ odkUaomf ukd,fwkdif ray;rvªonfhtjyif ay;Mu vªMuolrsm;ukdyif jiLplMujyD;
]]csKd;uyfaeaom tawG;tac:[lonf ajymif;vJ&ef cJ,Of;ygbdawmif;}} [k uJh&JUvsuf Ak'¨bmom
jrefrmwdkU\ ,Ofaus;rIorkdif;udkjzwfí t½dkif;ZmwfoGif;csifolrsm; tHkeJUusif;eJU tzGJUeJU toif;eJU
½SdaeMuygwum;[k owdxm;í "r®oHa0* yGm;Mu&ygonf bk&m;/
10/ Moumo uefawmhcef;udk toem;cHaeonf[k ajymjcif;onf Ak'¨bmompepfudk
em;rvnfjcif;? tjcm;aom bmomt,lrsm;ESifh a&maxG;aejcif;aMumifh jzpfygonf/ bmoma&;
tjrifr½SdolwdkU\ a0zefcsufrQ jzpfygonf/ pifppf Moumo uefawmhcef;onf tpOftvm MuD;rm;aom
Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIudk xif[yfapvsuf ½Sdygonf/
11/ Ak'ü a½Tudk rukdif& qkdygvsuf bk&m;a½Tcs&aumif;vm;[k ajymjcif;onfvnf; rqDrqkdif
pum;jzpfwef; ajymjcif;om jzpfygonf/ xkdokdU ajymolrsKd;tm; w&m;jy&ef rvG,fyg/ pum;aumif;
pum;qkd;udkyif cGJjcm;od&ef vG,frnfhvlpm;awG r[kwfyg bk&m;/
]od'¨w¬jzpfaom bk&m;} [k pum;oHk;xm;jcif;onf ]]oufawmfxif&Sm; oAÁñk jrwfpGmbk&m;}}
[laom oHk;½dk;oHk;pOfudk zsufí (0g) jrwfpGmbk&m;udk vlomref taetxm;rsKd; a&mufatmif ynmom;ygyg

tpodkU
ESdrfía&;xm;aom pum;jzpfygonf bk&m;/ xkdouf½Sdbk&m;rSm '&0rfrxm;&yJ a½Twd*HkapwDMuD;rsm; '&0rf

xm;&rvm;[k aighxm;ygonf/ þpum;udk tav;teuf rSwfom;xm;oifhygonf/ a½Twd*HkrSm
'&0rfr½Sdapcsifí jzpf[efwlygonf/ a½Twd*HkrSmu ppfrSefaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdUu vª'gef;xm;onfh
&wemawGu ½Sdaeayoudk; bk&m;/
12/ tm;vHkudk pkaygif;í aumufcsufcsMunfhvQif OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwkdU\
apwDykxdk;qkdif&m ½Iwfcsa&;om;rIrsm;onf tm*r,kwåd obm0,kwådvHk;0r½Sd/ Ak'ömoem\
oefU½Sif;wnfwHh jyefUyGm;a&;udk tEÅ&m,fûyonfh t"r®pum;&yfrsm;om jzpfygojzifh omoemawmftwGuf
xufjrufaom tqHk;tjzwf ay;yg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

14/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ oDvcH,ljcif;? qkay;qk,lûyjcif;? oydwfoGwfjcif;? paom bmomrI
ukodkvfa&;qkdif&m udpörsm;udk tydkoufouf tjzpfjzifh a[majyma&;om; zsufqD;jcif; apm'emqkdif&mü
0daoo apm'em ûycsufygbk&m;/
OD;Ouú|0g'DwdkUonf oDvcH,ljcif;? qkay;qk,lûyvkyfjcif; paom ukodkvfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk
rûyvkyfMuonfhtjyif xkdvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifMuaom &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;udkyif trsKd;rsKd; tzHkzHk tremy
ajymqkda&;om;í aeMuygonf bk&m;/ xdkuJhodkU ajymqkda&;om; ,lqcsufrsm;onf Ak'ÿd#u ax&0g'ESifh
rudkufrnD zDvmqefUusifaeaom t"r®0g'rsm; jzpfaMumif; wynfhawmfrsm; wifjyavQmufxm; vdkygonf
bk&m;/

wynfhawmfwkdY\ Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf udk,fawmfwkdif av;oacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; umvywfvHk;
bk&m;jzpf&ef yg&rDawmfwkdUukd jznfhqnf;yl;awmfrlwJhtcg 'geyg&rD? oDvyg&rDwkdUudk tpxm;jyD;
jznfhqnf;yl;awmf rlcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ xkduJhodkU udk,fawmfwdkif 'gerI-oDvrI ponfwdkUudk usifhoHk;awmf
rljyD;aemuf oHo&mrS uRwfvrf;½SmMuolwkdUtm;vnf; 'gerI-oDvrI ponfwkdUudk ûyvkyfMu&ef?
xkdodkUûyvkyfolwkdY vm;a&muf&rnfh *wdwkdUudk "r®[',0dbif;ü þodkUa[mMum;awmf rlygonf/
'geH 'wGm oDvH orm'd,dwGm Oaygoxur®H uwGm uw¦ OyyZÆEÅd/ 'geH 'wGm oDvH
orm'd,dwGm Oaygoxur®H uwGm tayÜuapö cwåd,r[momvmeH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/ y/
tayÜuapö y&edr®dw0w0wåDeH a'0geH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/ (tbd? 2? 437/)
'geudk ay;vªí oDvudk aqmufwnfí OykofoHk;jcif; trIudkûyí tb,fbHkü jzpfukefoenf;?
'geudk ay;vªí oDvudk aqmufwnfí OykofoHk;jcif; trIudk ûyí tcsKdUwkdYonf cwåd,r[momvac: rif;
aoaX;wkdU\ taygif;tazmf tjzpfodkU a&mufukef\/ tcsKdUwkdUonf jAm[®P r[momvac:
ykPÖm;aoaX;wkdY\ taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&mufukef\/ tcsKdUwdkYonf *[ywdr[momvac:
olMuG,faoaV;wdkU\ taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&mufukef\/ tcsKdUwkdUonf pwkr[m&mZfewfwkdU\
taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&mufukef\/ tcsKdUwkdUonf wm0wðomewfwdkU\ taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU
a&mufukef\/ tcsKdUwkdUonf wkodwmewfwkdU\ taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&mufukef\/ tcsKdUwkdUonf
edr®e&wdewfwkdU\ taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&mufukef\/ tcsKdUwkdUonf y&edr®dw0w0wdåewfwkdU\
taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&mufukef\/ (taygif;tazmftjzpf[lonf tygt0if[k qkdvdkonf/)
xdkrSwyg;vnf; Ak'¨jrwfpGmwdkU\ tEkykAÁduxm [lonf tpOfjzpfaom w&m;pum; (a[mMum;&m)
wkdUüvnf; 'geuxm? oDvuxm? o*¾uxm ponfwdkUudk tOD;rlí a[mawmfrlavh ½Sdygonf/

tpodkU
þ 'geuxm oDvuxmESifh ywfoufí Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mMum;awmfrlcsufwkdUonf ax&0g'

yd#uwfawmfü tjynfhtESuf ½Sdaeygonf/ odkUygvsuf OD;Ouú|0g'D or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifhwuG
taygif;yg aemufvdkufwpfpkwdkUu 'gerI oDvcHrIwkdUudk qefUusifajymqdkaeMuygonf/ ,if;wkdU\ xkdokdU
qefUusifajymqkdrI ,lqrIwkdUonf Ak'¨tvdkawmfus "r®0g'D jzpfEdkifygrnfvm; bk&m;/ pifppftm;jzifh
t"r®0g' rdpäm0g'omvQifjzpfaMumif; wifjyavQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/

OD;Ouú|0g'D or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh wuG taygif;yg aemufvdkufwpfpkwdkUonf
Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\ qkawmif;ywåemûyjcif;? qkay;jcif;rsm;udkvnf; qefUusifbufûyí uJh&JU½Iwfcs
a0zefajyma[m Muygukefonf/
wynfhawmfrsm;\ Ak'¨jrwfpGm udk,fawmfwkdifyif yg&rDq,fyg;? p&d,oHk;yg;? pGefUjcif;MuD;
ig;yg;wkdUudk ûyvkyfqnf;yl;awmfrlpOfu wðoedygwf q'ÉÅZmwfü -
]]oAÁñkwÚmP y#da0"m, ar £'H yknH ypöa,m a[mwkwd 'aEÅ 'wGm}}
(Zmwu? |? 5? 53/)
uREkfyf\ þaumif;rIonf oAÁñkwÚmPfudk xkd;xGif;od½Sdjcif;\ taMumif; jzpfygapownf;[k
tpG,fwdkUudkvªí-
r[medygwf a0óEÅ&mZmwfü-
]]oAÁñkwÚmPó ypöa,m a[mwkwd yw¬eH uwGm O'uH ygawwGm}}
(Zmwu? |? 7? 326/)
oAÁñkwÚmPf\ taMumif; jzpfygapownf;[k- qkawmif;rIudkûyí a&pufcsjyD;
qkawmif;yw¬emrI ûyawmfrlygonf bk&m;/ oHo&m0#frS uRwfvGwfvdkolwdkUtm;vnf; rdrdwkdU
ukodkvfvufudkif ½SdpOfwGif qkawmif;ywåemûy&ef ñTefMum;awmf rlcJhygonf/
aw&oedygwZmwu tudwådZmwfü odMum;rif;u-
]]0&H uóy aw 'r®d/ ,H udOöd reodpäod}} (ck? 5? 267/)
uóyEG,fjzpfaom tudwåd&aoh? oif\ pdwfü tvkd½Sd&mqkrsKd;udk igay;rnf[k qkay;EkdifyHkudk
vnf;aumif;?
AmvH e yaó e okaP? e p Amave oH0ao/
Amavev’my ov’myH? e ua& e p a&mpa,/ ( ck? 5? 267/)
Amvyk*¾dKvfudk ig rjrifvkd rMum;vdk/ Amvyk*¾dKvfESifh twlraevdk/ Amvyk*¾dKvfESifh ESD;aESmajymqkdrIudk
igrûyvdk? igrESpfoufvdk- [laom qkudk tudwåd&aohu qkawmif;yHkudkvnf;aumif; awGUjrif&ygonf/

tpodkU
O'gef;ygVdawmf okyÜ0gomokwfü aomwmyef om0dum jzpfaom okyÜ0gomonf

bk&m;½Sifudkvnf;aumif;? w&m;awmfjrwf (edAÁmef) udkvnf;aumif;? oHCmawmfwkdUudkvnf;aumif; rjywf
atmufarhqifjcifvsufESifhyif om;oaEüdk ckepfESpfwkdif vG,fxm;&jcif;? ckepf&ufwkdifwkdif *AÇrkV§[laom
arG;zGm;cuf a0'emudk cHpm;&jcif; ½Sdae\/
xdktaMumif;udk aumvd,rif;om; okyÜ0gom\ cifyGef;tm; avQmufapcdkif;aomtcg bk&m;ocif
udk,fawmfjrwfu -
okcdeD a[mwk okyÜ0gom aumvd,"Dwm ta&m*g? ta&m*H ykwåH 0dZm,wk-( ck? 1? 94/)
[k rdefUMum;vdkufavonf/ (qkay;vdkufjcif;yif jzpfonf/) þodkU qkay;rdefUMum;jcif; pum;ESifh
wpfûydifeufyif okyÜ0gomonf csrf;omvsuf a&m*guif;oGm;um a&m*guif;aom om;awmfav;udk
zGm;jrifEkdifavonf/
xdkodkU qkay;jcif;? qkcH,lEkdifjcif;wkdUrSm qkcH,lvdkoluvnf; ukodkvfvufudkif ½Sdaevsuf &Sdonf/
okyÜ0gom\ twdwfuHqkd;uvnf; ukefcef;csdef a&mufaeonf/ xkdUaMumifh bk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfu
qkay;vdkufonfESifh csrf;omjcif;? a&m*guif;jcif; jzpf&avonf/ tu,fí bk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfu
xkdodkU qkray;rdygu okyÜ0gomtm; xkdaemufvnf; txkduftavsmufaom umvywfvHk; xdkqif;&Jonf
ruRwfrvGwf pGJjrJaeOD;rnfyif jzpfaMumif;udk O'gef;t|uxmü (tya&0g'tm;jzifh) jyqkdxm;awmfrljcif;
½Sdayonf/
oH*g,emwif ax&0g'yd#uwfawmf r[m0gygVd t*Fkwå&edum,f "r®y' ponfü xkdodkU
qkay;jcif;? qkawmif;jcif;wkdUudk rsm;pGm awGUjrif&ygonf/ yapöuAk'¨g t½SifjrwfwkdUonf opömav;yg;udk
tus,ftm;jzihf a[mjyawmfrljcif; r&SdMuyJ ]]£pädwH ywådwH wk,SH? cdyÜar0 ordZÑwk}} [k qkay;rIudkom
ûyawmfrlcJhMuygonf/ ay;tyfaom olonfvnf; jynfhpHkpGm qk,lol ukodkvf½SiftwGuf vdktyfaom tusKd;
&½SdoGm;ygonf/
bk&m;tavmif;awmf okar"monf 'DyuF&m jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ajcawmf&if;0,f t*Fg½Spfyg;ESifh
jynfhpHkpGm bk&m;qkudk awmif;awmfrlcJh&m 'DyuF&m bk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfuvnf; bk&m;jzpfqkudk
ay;aomtm;jzifh Asm'dwfpum; >rufMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
þuJhokdU ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfü qkawmif;ywåemûyjcif;? qkay;jcif;wdkUudk Ak'¨0g'vrf;pOf
(usifhpOf) wpfcktjzpf a[mxm;cGifhûyxm;ygvsuf OD;Ouú|0g'D or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifhwuG
taygif;yg aemufvdkufwpfpkwdkUu qefUusifzufûyí uJh&JU½Iwfcs a0zefajymMum;jcif;onf Ak'¨bmom
qefUusifaom t"r®0g'D rdpäm0g'DwkdU jzpfMuaomaMumifhomwnf; [k wynfhawmfrsm;
wifjyavQmufxm;&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-

OD;Ouú|0g'D or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh aemufvdkufaemufygwdkUonf aooludk&nfrSef;í
oydwfoGwfqGrf;auR;jcif;udk tydktvkyf[k ,lqxm;Muygonf bk&m;? a&pufcsjcif;?
trQa0jcif;wkdUudkvnf; ypfy,fMuygukefonf bk&m;/
bk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfonf wda&muk#³okwf ygVdawmfü-
OEéar O'uH 0k|H? ,xm edEéH y0wåwd/
{0ar0H £awm 'dEéH? aywmeH OyuyÜwd/ (ck? 1? 81/)
ukef;jrifhü ½GmoGef;tyfaom rdk;a&onf csKdifh0Srf;&Sd&modkU pD;qif;ouJhodkU þtwlyif þrSmbuf
b0u ay;vªtyfaom tvª\tusKd;onf xkdrSmbuf ayw*wdü ½Sdol (b0woGef uG,fvGefol) wdkUtm;
jzpfayonf[k a[mawmfrltyfygonf/
t*Fkwå& 'ou edygw ZmPkaómPdokwfü -
£" ye jAm[®P {uapöm ygPmwdygwD a[mwd/ y/ rdpäm'd|daum a[mwd? aom
um,ó ab'g y&H r&Pm aywåd0do,H OyyZÆwd/ a,m aywåd0do,dumeH owåmeH tm[ma&m?
awe aom ww¦ ,maywd/ awe aom ww¬ wd|wd/ ,H 0g yeó £awm tekya0päEÅd
rdwåmrpöm 0g Úmwdom avm[dwm 0g/ awe aom ww¬ ,maywd/ awe aom ww¬ wd|wd?
£'H acg jAm[®P XmeH? ,w¬ Xdwó wH 'geH OyuyÜwDwd/ (tH? 3? 479/)
jrefrmjyef
ykPÖm; þavmuü tcsKdUaomolonf owå0gtoufudk owfavh½Sd\/ y/ rSm;,Gif;aom
t,l½Sd\/ xdkolonf cE¨mysufa<u aovGefonf\ aemufü jydwåmbHkXmeodkU a&muf\/ xkdolonf
jydwåmbHkom; jzpfaom owå0gwkdU\ tpmt[m&jzifh xdkjydwåmbHkXmeü aexkdif&\/ odkUr[kwf xkdoltwGuf
taqGcifyGef; tazmfo[JwkdUuaomfvnf;aumif;? aqGrsKd;om;csif;wkdUuaomfvnf;aumif; þvlUjynfrS
ay;vªtyfaom tvª'gejzifh xdkjydwåmonf xdkjydwåmbHkü rQwae&\/ xkdtvª'gejzifh xkdjydwåmonf
xdkjydwåmbHkü wnfae&\/ ykPÖm; þjydwåmbHkXmeonf þvlUjynfrS tvª'ge a&mufEkdifaom bHkXme
jzpf\/ ,if;jydwåmbHkXmeü wnfaeaom jydwåmtwGuf xkdtvª'geonf a&muf\/ (tif jref? 3? 469/)
AdrÁdom&rif;MuD;\ aqGawmfrsKd;awmfwdkUonf þrSmbuf b0u ay;vªvdkufaom tvª\ a&pufcs
trQa0rIudk om"kEkarmf ac:qdkMuonfjzpfí qif;&JvSpGmaom ayw*wdrS vGwfajrmufMuyHk txift½Sm;
½Sdygonf bk&m;/
þuJhodkUaom bk&m;a[m ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;t& ,cktcg Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdUu aooludk
&nfrSef;í qGrf;oGwfjcif; trQa0jcif; ponfwkdU ûyvkyfaeMuonfwkdUukd vlaovljzpfq&mMuD;
OD;Ouú|0g'DwdkUu qefUusifbuf ûyrla[majymaeonfrSm t"r®0g' rdpäm0g'om jzpfaMumfi;
wifjyavQmufxm; tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

15/ Oyg'ge paom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf a0g[m& pum;vHk;rsm;\ teuft"dyÜg,frSefudk ypfy,fjyD;
udk,fxifovdk teuft"dyÜg,f aumufvsuf a[majyma&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0daoo apm'emcsufyg
bk&m;/
Oyg'gef\ t"dyÜg,frSef
Oyg'gef[laom pum;udk tvGJvGJtacsmfacsmf t"dyÜg,fazmfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí ½Sif;vif;
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmft½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-

pwåm&drmed tm0kaom Oyg'gemed? umrkyg'geH? 'd|Kyg'geH? oDvAÁwkyg'geH?
twå0g'kyg'geH- (r? 1? 62/)
[lí rlvyPÖmo ygVdawmfrSm ygonfhtwkdif; Oyg'gef[lonf-
1/ umrkyg'gef?
2/ 'd|Kyg'gef?
3/ oDvAÁwkyg'gef?
4/ twå0g'kyg'gef-
[líav;rsKd; ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
]]Oyg'geEÅd 'V§*¾[PH}} [lí t|omvdeD t|uxm pmrsufESm (415) ü t|uxm q&mawmf
½Sif;jyxm;onfESifhtnD rpGefUEdkif? rvTwfEdkif? ckdifcdkifrmrm qGJudkifxm;rI tpGJpkudk ]]Oyg'gef}} [lí ac:ygonf
bk&m;/ zm;udk a>rief; jrJpGmzrf;ouJhodkU tvGJtrSm;ü tpGJw&m; tm;MuD;jcif;yif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
trSm;ESifh trSef a0zefEkdifaom ÚmPfay:atmif ygVdawmf t|uxm twefwefjzihf
trSefazmfay;onfudkvnf; ta&;rpkduf rdkufae&onfudkyif *kPfMuD;wpfckxifum trSm;trdkufudk
wtm;vdkufaejcif;rsKd;onfvnf; Oyg'gefjzpfygonf bk&m;/ þOyg'gefav;rsKd;wGif umrkyg'gef\
t"dyÜg,ftrSefudk usrf;*efvmtwdkif; avQmufxm;yg&apbk&m;/
umrkyg'gef\ t"dyÜg,f
wdyd#u ygVd-jrefrm tbd"mef twGJ (5) pmrsufESm (562) rSm vdkcsifzG,fumrudk jrJjrHpGm ,lwwf
pGJvrf;wwfaom oabm? vdkcsifzG,f umrudk jyif;xefpGm ,lwwf pGJvrf;wwfaom oabm[k umrkyg'ge=
umrkyg'gefudk bmomjyefqkdxm;ygonf bk&m;/ rlvyPÖmo ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm (68) ü
]]umr*kPfü pGJvrf;jcif;? umrkyg'gef}} [k bmomjyefxm;ygonf bk&m;/ xkdodkU jrefrmjyefqkdxm;jcif;onf
uw¬ uwrH umrkyg'geH? a,m umarok umrpäaE´m = xkdOyg'gef av;yg;wdkUwGif vkdcsifzG,f umrudk

tpodkU
jyif;pGm,lrI pGJvrf;rI[lonf tb,fenf;/ vdkcsifzG,f umrwkdUü tMuifvdkcsif awmifhwrI umrpäE´

ponfjzifh "r®o*FPD ygVdawmf pmrsufESm (241) ponfwkdUü bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrljcif;ESifh nDñGwfrSefuef
vSygonf bk&m;/
]]umarok umrpäaE´m= umr*kPfwkdUü vdkcsif awmifhwrI umrpäE´}} [lí bk&m;½Sif
rdefUMum;awmfrljcif;rSm t"dyÜg,fvGefpGm ½Sdygonf bk&m;? vkdcsifrIqEónf ukodkvfqdkif&müvnf; ½Sdygonf/
tukodkvfqdkif&müvnf; ½Sdygonf/ ukokdvfqEúdk umrkyg'gef ac:í r&yg/ tukodkvfavmbrl
pdwfESifh,SOfaom qEúdkom umrkyg'gef ac:&rnf[k bk&m;½Sif ½Sif;jyawmfrljcif; jzpfygonf/
t|omvdeD t|uxm pmrsufESm (402) ü ]]umrpäaE´mwd umrocFgawm qaE´m? e uwåKurswm
qaE´m? e "r®päaE´m = umrpäE´ [lonf pGJrufvkdvm;wwfaom wPSm[k qkdtyfaom qE´wnf;? ûyjcif;iSm
tvdk½Sdtyfaom qE´ (uwåKurswm qE´) r[kwf? aumif;aomw&m;udk vdkvm;aom ("r®päE´) r[kwf}} [lí
t|uxm q&muvnf; ½Sif;jyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
umrkyg'gef\ t"dyÜg,frSefudk vkdvm;MuolrSeforQonf bk&m;½SifESifh t|uxmq&mwkdU
½Sif;jyxm;aom þpum;rsm;udk rav;rpm; ab;z,fxm;í rjzpfyg bk&m;/ rav;rpm; ab;z,fxm;vQif
tvGJvGJ tacsmfacsmf t"dyÜg,fazmfrdMurSm {uefyif jzpfygonf/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdY bk&m;-

umr*kPf w&m;wkdUü om,mpGJvrf;jcif; oabmonf umrkyg'gef jzpfygonf bk&m;? tbd"r®m
w&m;udk,ftm;jzifh tukodkvfpifppf jzpfaom avmbrlpdwfESifh wGJ,SOfjzpfay:onfh avmbapwodufudk
ac:ygonf bk&m;/ ukodkvfudpöûyvkyf&ef vdkvm;aom qE´? edAÁmefw&m;udk vkdvm;aom qE´rsKd;onf
ukodkvfqEóm jzpfMuygonf bk&m;? umrkyg'gefw&m; r[kwfygbk&m;/
]]r[m0do,H [d wH t|pdwåorma,m*g = xkdumrkyg'gefonf avmbrlpdwf ½Spfyg;ESifh
wGJ,SOfjcif;aMumifh (usef Oyg'gefw&m; oHk;yg;xuf) t&mus,fonf}} [laom 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxm
'kwd,tkyf? pmrsufESm (205) yg pum;udk arhxm;í rjzpfyg bk&m;? arhxm;vQif jzpfap? rodMuvQif jzpfap?
wpfrsKd;rsKd; jzpfaevQif edAÁmefcsrf;om vdkcsifrIudkyif wPSmavmbtjzpf umrkyg'geftjzpf
,lrSm;wwfMuygonf bk&m;/
ukodkvfqEÉSifh tukodkvfavmb þtajccH obm0ESpfrsKd;udk uGJuGJjym;jym; em;rvnfMuyJ
tjrifrSefobm0udk ½SmazGonfkqdkvQif trSefray: trSm;udkom azmfrdMuí 'd|Kyg'gefMuD;om MuD;vmrnf
{uefjzpfonfudk owdûyoifhvSygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
'd|Kyg'gef\ t"dyÜg,f
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwkdU bk&m;-
'd|Kyg'gefudk bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfESifhtnD ,cktcg ½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;?
pGJpGJvrf;vrf; ,lxm;aom t,lrSm;onf 'd|Kyg'gefjzpfygonf bk&m;/ (t,lrSm;ü pGJvrf;jcif;? 'd|Kyg'gef)
[lí rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm (68) ü bmomjyefxm;ygonf bk&m;/ t,lrSm;ü
pGJvrf;jcif; qkdaom pum;udk txl;owdûyzkdU ta&;MuD;ygonf bk&m;? t,lrSefü pGJjrJjcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gef
rjzpf? t,lrSm;ü pGJvrf;jcif;om 'd|Kyg'gefjzpfonf[k qkdvdkjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
]]tyÜ0do,med £w&med pwkpdwåorma,m*g= usef 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef?
twå0g'kyg'gefwkdUonf tukodkvfavmbrl? 'd|d*worÜ,kwf pdwf (4) yg;ESifh wGJ,SOfjcif;aMumifh
umrkyg'gefavmuf t&mrus,f? t&musOf;\}} [lí 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxm 'kwd,tkyf pmrsufESm (285) ü
t|uxmq&mu taotcsm ½Sif;jyxm;ygonf bk&m;/ 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef? twå0g'kyg'gef
oHk;rsKd;vHk;yif tukodkvfoufouf jzpf½kHrQomru tjrifrSm;aom 'd|dapwoduf w&m; wpfrsKd;wnf;udkyif
emrnfoHk;rsKd;cGJum toD;tjcm; ac:a0:xm;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? þtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí
½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif; ,lqEkdifatmif rlvyPÖmo t|uxm? yxrtkyf? pmrsufESm (223) ü ]]oDvAÁwkyg'ge?
twå0g'kyg'ge 0ZÆó oAÁ'd|duwaówH t"d0pe = 'd|Kyg'gef[laom a0g[m&onf oDvAÁwkyg'gef?
twå0g'kyg'gef 'd|dESpfrsKd;rSwpfyg; usefrdpämt,lrSm;tm;vHk;\ a0g[m&jzpfonf/
(usefrdpämt,lrSm;tm;vHk;ESifh qdkifaom a0g[m&jzpfonf) [lí ½Sif;jyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
pGJpGJvrf;vrf; ,lxm;aom t,lrSm; 'd|Kyg'gefESifh ywfoufí bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwkdif
½Sif;vif;a[mMum;xm;yHkrsm;udk qufvufavQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
'd|Kyg'gef
uw¬ uwrH 'd|Kyg'geH = xdkOyg'gef av;yg;wkdUwGif jyif;pGm ,lwwf? pGJvrf;wwfaom tjrifrSm;rI
'd|Kyg'gef[lonf tb,fenf;? bk&m;½Sifonf þodkU ar;awmfrljyD;vQif udk,fawmfwkdifyif
jyefvnfajzMum;cJhygonf/
(1) ew¬d'dEéH - ay;vª&jcif; tusKd;onf r½Sd/ (þodkU ,ljcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gef jzpfygonf/)
(2) ew¬d okuw'kuú#meH ur®meH zvH 0dygaum - aumif;pGm ûytyf? raumif;ojzifh
ûytyfaom aumif;rI raumif;rI uHwkdU\ tusKd;rsm;? tusKd;quf zv? tusKd;&if;
0dygufonf r½Sd/
(þodkU ukokdvfuH tukokdvfuHwkdU\ ckb0 aemufb0 jzpf&rnfh tusKd;w&m;udk r,HkMunfjcif;onf
'd|Kyg'gef jzpfygonf/)
(3) ew¬d ya&m avmaum - wrvGefavmuonf r½Sd/

tpodkU
(owå0grsm; aoqHk;oGm;jyD;aemuf a&muf&aom ewfbHk ewfb0udk r,HkMunfjcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gef?

jA[®mhbHk jA[®mhb0udk r,HkMunfjcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gef? i&JbHk i&Jb0? jydwåmbHk jydwåmb0udk
r,HkMunfjcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gef/)

,ckwynfhawmfrsm; avQmufxm;cJhaom ygVdawmfrsm;rSm "r®o*FPD ygVdawmf pmrsufESm (245) ü
½Sdygonf bk&m;/ wdkuf½dkufbmomjyefqkdcsufrsm;rSmvnf; "r®o*FPD ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm (444)
rS jzpfygonf bk&m;/

ewf jA[®mESifh i&J½Sdonf[k ,HkMunfjcif;onf ukodkvfo'¨gw&m; jzpfygonfbk&m;/
tukodkvfjzpfaom Oyg'gef tvGJtrSm; r[kwfyg/ ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk ûzwfxkwfy,fEkwfrI rûyyJ
q|oH*g,emtxd oH*g,em (6) wef wifxm;jyD;aom ygVdyd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifh jrefrmjyefrsm;udk
rSefuefaom o'¨gw&m;jzifh MunfhvQif twdtusyif odMurnf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
owå0grsm; aoqHk;jyD;aemuf a&muf&aom aemufb0 (ewfjA[®mESifh i&JbHkb0) wkdUudk
,HkMunfjcif;onf ukodkvfo'¨gw&m; ppfppf{uef jzpfaeaMumif; twdtus awGU&od&rnf jzpfygonf
bk&m;/
oDvAÁwkyg'gef\ t"dyÜg,f
,ck oDvAÁwkyg'gef\ taMumif;udk avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;-
ww¦ uwrH oDvAÁwkyg'geH? £awm A[d'¨g orPjAm[®PmeH oDave od'¨d 0awe ok'¨d
oDvAÁawe ok'¨Dwd ,m {0½lyg 'd|d - xkdOyg'gefav;yg;wkdUwGif EGm;? acG; ponfwdkU\ tavhtusifhudk
pifMu,f\[k jyif;pGm ,lrI pGJvrf;rI oDvAÁwkyg'gef [lonf tb,fenf;/ þomoemawmfrS tjyifty
jzpfukefaom &[ef;? ykPÖm;? orP? jAm[®PwkdU\ EGm;? acG; ponfwkdU\ tavhoDvjzihf udavomrS
pifMu,f\/ EGm;? acG; ponfwkdU\ tusifh0wfjzifh udavomrS pifMu,f\/ EGm;? acG; ponfwkdU\
tavhtusifh oDvAÁwjzifh udavomrS pifMu,f\[k þodkUoabm½Sdaom tjrifrSm;rIonf oDvAÁwkyg'gef
jzpfygonf bk&m;/ ("r®o*FPD ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef-445)
þygVdawmfü a[mawmfrlxm;onfhtwdkif; EGm;vdkacG;vdk av;bufaxmufoGm;jcif; ponfudk
udavomjidrf;aMumifh tusifhaumif;tjzpf ,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;onf oDvAÁwkyg'gef jzpfygonf/ vGJvGJrSm;rSm;
usihfjcif;rsKd;[k omrntm;jzifh ajymEkdifygonf/

tpodkU
bk&m;½Sif ñTefjy qdkqHk;ronfhtwkdif; edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; yg&rDaumif;udk pkaqmif;jcif;? 'geûyjcif;?

oDvaqmufwnfjcif; bm0emyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfjci;fonf ukodkvfyg&rDom jzpfaMumif;udk omoemawmfudk
Munfñdkonfh o'¨gw&m; enf;enf;yg;yg; ½SdolyifvQif oabmaygufjyD; jzpfygonf
vlUb0? vlUpnf;pdrf? ewfb0? ewfpnf;pdrf awmifhwí 'geûyjcif; oDvaqmufwnfjcif;udkyif
tukodkvf[k rqkd? 0#³edódw ukodkvf (oHo&m0#fudk rSDaom ukodkvf) [kom qkdygonf/
0#³edódw ukodkvf? 0#³edódw ukodkvf [laom pum;rsm;rSm jrefrmEdkifiH w&m;a[mavmuü
rMumrMum xnfha[mxm;aom pum;rsm; jzpfygonf/ odkUygvsuf ewfpnf;pdrf? ewfb0? jA[®mhpnf;pdrf?
jA[®mhb0 rSef;qí ukokdvfûyjcif;udk tukodkvfOyg'gef jzpfav[ef a[majyma&;om;jcif;onf
rodem;rvnfí &rf;a&;jcif;avm? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;u vª'gef;ay;urf;rI ponfrûyatmif
enf;y&d,m,ftm;jzifh wm;qD;jcif;avm[k ar;p&myif jzpfaeygonf bk&m;/ avmavmq,f
olwkdUvIyf&Sm;rIrsKd;pHkudk MunfhvQif enf;y&d,m,ftm;jzifh wm;qD;jcif;[k qkdEdkifygonf bk&m;/

vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh t"r®0g'Dorm; aemufvkdufrsm;wkdUonf bk&m; w&m; oHCm
&wemjrwfoHk;yg;wdkUESifh qufpyfí ,HkMunfrIrsm;pGmudk Oyg'geftpGJ[kcsnf; vGJvGJrSm;rSm; t"dyÜg,fawG
azmfoGm;Mujcif;rSm wpfckwnf;aom &nf½G,fcsufrS jrpfzsm;cHvmjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/ xkdwpfckwnf;aom
&nf½G,fcsufrSm bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf a0g[m&rSefrsm;udk zsufqD;ypfa&;yif jzpfygonf bk&m;/ xkdUaMumifh
a0g[m&rSef tawmfrsm;rsm;udk olwdkUwpfawG êud;êud;pm;pm; zsufqD;aeMujcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
olwdkUzsufqDxm;aom tcsKdUaom a0g[m&rsm;udk wynfhawmfrsm; qufvufavQmufxm;vdkygonf bk&m;/
b0wPSmESifh 0db0wPSm
½lyg½lyba0 wPSm b0wPSm = ½lyjA[®mb0 t½lyjA[®mb0ü wyfrufwwfaom wPSmonf
b0wPSm jzpf\/ (t|omvdeD? |? 398/)
Oapä' ocFgaw 0dba0wPSm 0db0wPSm = owå0gaovQif jywfoGm;onf/
b0qufrjzpfawmh[k ,lqaomtm;jzihf b0jywfjcif;[k qkdtyfaom 0db0ü wyfrufaom wPSmonf
0db0wPSmrnf\/ (t|omvdeD? t|uxm? 398/)
oów'd|d o[*awm [d &ma*? b0wPSmwd 0kpöwd = oów'd|d (vlaovljzpf jrJ\ paom
t,lrSm;) ESifh twlwuG jzpfaom avmbudk b0wPSm[lí qkdtyf\/ (0dok'¨d? |? 2? 202)
Oapä''d|d o[*awmwd &ma*g? 0db0wPSmwd 0kpöwd = Oapä''d|d (aovQifjyD;a&m
aemufb0r&Sd[k ,laom t,l) ESifh twlwuGjzpfaom avmbudk 0db0wPSm[lí qkdtyf\/ (0dok'¨d? |?
2? 202)

tpodkU
umrb0? ½lyb0? t½lyb0 [laom a0g[m&wkdU\ teufrSefudk ½Sif;vif;wifjyygrnf bk&m;/

umrb0[lonf
(1) umrbHkü jzpfapaom uH?
(2) uHaMumifh jzpfaom tusKd;0dyguf emru©E¨m ur®Z½kyf?
(3) umr (11) bHk?
(4) umrbHkü tusKH;0ifaom pdwf? apwoduf? ½kyfrsm;udk ac:ygonf bk&m;/
om"uoGif;í quf½Sif;ygrnf bk&m;/
wa,m ar tm0kaom b0g umrba0g ½lyba0g t½lyba0g = ig½&SifwkdU b0wkdUonf
umrba0 ½lyba0 t½lyba0[k oHk;rsKd;wkdUwnf;/ (rZdÑredum,? rlvyPÖmo ygVd? 62) ur®Oö Oyywåd p
Ob,arGwrd" umrba0gwd 0kwåH/ {oea,m ½lyg½lyba0ok (r? |? 1? 223) = þuHudk vnf;aumif;?
uHaMumifh jzpfaom tusKd;udkvnf;aumif; ESpfyg;pHkudk umrb0[k qdktyf\/
þom"ursm;t& umrbHkü jzpfapaom uHESifh tusKd;0dyguf emru©E¨m u#wåm½kyfrsm;udk
umrb0[k ac:qkd&ygonf bk&m;/
,ck umr (11) bHkESifh umrbHkü tusKH;0ifaom pdwf apwoduf ½kyfrsm; umrb0rnfaMumif;
om"uudk xkwfjyygrnf bk&m;/
umrba0wd umrm0pa&/ ½lyba0wd ½lyg0pa&/ t½lyba0wd t½lyg0pa&/ (r[meda'ó
t|uxm/ 137)
umrb0[lonf umr0p&w&m;/ ½lyb0[lonf ½lyg0p& w&m;/ t½lyb0[lonf t½lyg0p&
w&m;wkdUwnf;/
umrb0qkdwm bmvJ
]]aom pwkEHé tyg,meH rEkómeH qEéOö a'0avmumeH 0aoe {um'o0da"m ya'aom
]]umarm {w¬ t0p&wD}} wd umrm0pa&m/ (tbd? |? 1? 104) ww¬ y&d,myaEé "ar® oE¨m,
oaAÁyd umrm0p&m "r®mwd 0kwåH/
tyg,fav;bHk vlUbHk ewfajcmufbHk wdkU\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh wpfq,fhwpfyg;aom t&yfudk
]]umrw&m;ESpfyg;\ usifvnf&m jzpfaomaMumifh umrm0p&[k qdktyf\}} (bHk-umrm0p&)
xkdumrbHkü tusHK;0ifaom pdwf apwoduf ½kyfw&m;wkdUukd &nf½G,fí tvHk;pHkaom umrm0p&
w&m;wkdU[k qkdtyf\/ (pdwf apwoduf ½kyfwkdUudk umrm0p&)
þygVd t|uxmvm pum;wkdUudk ppfxkwf n§dEdIif;,lvdkufaomtcg umrbHkü jzpfapwwfaom
uHudkvnf;aumif;? uHaMumifh jzpfaom tusKd;0dyguf emru©E¨m u#wåm½kyfudkvnf;aumif;? umr (11)
bHkudkvnf;aumif;? xkdü tusKH;0ifaom pdwf apwoduf ½kyfrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? umrb0[lí

tpodkU
ac:qkd&ygonf bk&m;/ ½lyb0? t½lyb0wdkUvnf; xkdenf;wlyif jzpfygí tus,foGif;í ½Sif;rjyawmhyg

bk&m;/
yk-'d-tm
ykaAÁ ed0gaomwd ykaAÁ twDwZmwDok ed0kw¬u©E¨m/ (yg&mZduPf t|uxm? y/ 128)
ykaAÁ ed0goEÅd oreEÅ&mwDwH b0H tm'ð uwGm ww¬ ww¬ ed0kw¬oEÅmeH/
(yg&mZduPf t|uxm ? y/ 128)
þtzGifh oH0PÖemrsm;t& a½S;ü aezl;aom cE¨mtpOfudk atmufarhEdkifaom owdESifh,SOfaom
ÓPfonf ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf rnfygonf/
'dAÁo'dowåm 'dAÁH /y/ £'Íöyd 0D&d,bm0emAvedAÁwåH ÓPpu©K wm'doar0gwd
'dAÁowåm 'dAÁH/ (yg&ZduPf t|uxm ? y/ 132)
þtzGifh oH0PÖemrsm;t& ewfrsufpduJhodkU jrifpGrf;Edkifaom ÓPfonf ‘'dAÁpu©KÓPf rnfygonf
bk&m;/
t&[wåra*¾g [d tmo00demoeawm tmo0geH ca,mwd 0kpöwd/
(yg&ZduPf t|uxm? y/ 136)
tmo0wdkUudk zsufqD;wwfaom t&[wår*fÓPfonf tmo0wdkUudk ukefapwwfaomaMumifh
to0u©,ÓPf rnfygonf/
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS xkwfa0aom ]trSefw&m;okawoe trSwf (1) pmapmif} pmrsufESm
(7)vm ykaAÁed0go ponfh zGifhqdkcsufwdkUrSm trSefw&m;udk a½Smif½Sm;í trSm;rsm;udk okawooeûyxm;aom
pum;rsm;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
ewfESifhi&J
ewfqdkonfhygVdpum;rSm jrefrmvdk pnf;pdrfcHpm;jcif;udk ac:\[k pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUqdkjcif;rSm
usrf;*efudk ususee rod½SdbJ ajymoHMum;ESifh jzef;awm&rf;awm vkyfxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;
usrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;u odMuygonf? ]]emx}} ygVdrS ewf[laom jrefrma0g[m& &onf[k
a0g[m&aA'ynm½SifwdkUu qdkygonf? ]]'dAÁ}} [laom ygVdonf umr*kPfig;yg;jzifh xGef;yjcif;[k t"dyÜg,f
½Sdygonf? ewfwdkUonf 'ge½Sif oDv½Sif rsm;jzpfí csrf;ompGm ae&onfudk &nfñTef;ygonf/
,ck i&J&Spfxyf a0g[m&rSefudk Zmwut|uxm? yÍörtkyf(287)ü vmonfhtwdkif; ½Sif;jyygrnf
bk&m;/
(u) ykeyÜKeH oÍÆD0EÅd {w¬mwd oÍÆa0g= n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufrI'Pfudk cH&aomfvnf; raoEdkifbJ
tzefzef touf½SifouJhodkU cHae&aom i&Jonf oÍÆD0i&J rnf\/

tpodkU
(c) Zvdwyx0d,H ywdaw ZvdwumvokwåH ygawwGm/ y / ua&mEÅm {w¬ wpäEÅDwd

umVokawåm= tvQHawmufaomajrü vJusolwdkUudk opfa½Gorm;wdkY rsOf;om;í
ckwfouJhodkU ckwfa½Gjcif; cH&&mt&yfonf umVokwfi&J rnf\/
(*) r[EÅm Zvdwt,yAÁwm CmawEÅd {w¬mwd oHCmawm = tvQHajymifajymif
oHawmifBuD;wdkU zdn§yfESdyfpuf&m t&yfonf oHCmw rnf\/
(C) Ob,w¬yd ypöEÅm owåm r[m0d&0H 0d&0EÅDwd a'Gyd a&m½k0gwd 0kwåm = 'Gg&udk;aygufrS
rD;vQHrsm; 0ifa&mufavmifuRrf;ojzifh atmf[pfcHae&aom t&yfonf Zmva&m½k0 rnf\/
(i) 'Gg&udk;aygufrS tcH&qdk;onfh rD;cdk;rsm; 0ifa&muf arTaESmufojzifh atmf[pfcHae&aom
t&yfonf "lra&m½k0 rnf\/
(p) edpöav oawå wmaywDwd wmyaem = rwkefrvIyf oHwHusifvQdK xm;aom owå0gwdkUudk
ylavmifap&m t&yfonf wmye rnf\/
(q) twdyd, wmaywDwd ywmyaem = tvGeftMuL; txl;ylavmif ap&m t&yfonf ywmye
rnf\/
(Z) ZmvmeH 0g ypöeowåmeH 0g awoH 'ku©ó 0g 0Dpd tEÅ&H ew¬d {w¬mwd t0Dpd=
i&JrD;vQHwdkU\ vnf;aumif;? i&Jom;owå0gwdkU\vnf;aumif;? i&Jom;owå0gwdkU\
qif;&J\vnf;aumif; tayguftMum; r½Sdjcif;aMumifh t0Dpd rnf\?
þum; i&JBuD;½Spfxyf\ trSeftuef a0g[m& azmfaqmifcsuf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-

pk'dwuwdkU zsufqD;xm;aom ygVda0g[m&rsm;rSm rsm;pGmusefygao;onf? xdktzsufcH
a0g[m&rsm;\ rSefaomt"dyÜg,fudk azmfxkwfzdkU vdktyfyguvnf; omoermru "r®rmru
jzpfawmfrlMuaom 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½Sifjrwfrsm;u pDpOfaqmif½Gufay;awmfrlMuyg&ef
avQmufxm;tyfygonfbk&m;/
tcsKyftm;jzifh avQmufxm;&ygvQif Oyg'gef[lonf tukodkvfjzpfaom avmbESifh 'd|dw&m;om
jzpfonf? avmbESifh vdkcsifrI 'd|dESifhtjrifrSm;rI Oyg'gef jzpfonf? tukodkvf r[kwf ukodkvfom jzpfaom
(0g) tjypfr½Sd aumif;aom oabmom jzpfaom qE´(vdkcsifrIrsdK;)um; Oyg'gefr[kwf? þonfum;
oH*g,em (6) wefwif yd#uwfawmft& teufrSef t"dyÜg,frSef jzpfygonf? wpfenf;tm;jzifh
tbd"r®mwwfolwdkU odonfh tod jzpfygonf? xdkUaMumifh awGUu&m Oyg'gef jzpfaejcif;um;
tbd"r®mtajccHrJhaom vrf;ay:uvlrsm;\ w&m;ESifhqefUusifaom pum;omjzpfygonf bk&m;?
þtcsufudkay:vGifatmif qHk;jzwfay;yg&ef avQmufxm;yg onf bk&m;/

tpodkU
0daooapm'em trSwf(16)
16/ ax&0g' yd#uwfvm t&d,mESifhedAÁmefudk pdwful;,Of vlaovljzpf t,ltqESifh udkufnDatmif
jyifqifzGifhqdk a&;om;jcif; apm'emqdkif&m 0daooapm'emyg bk&m;/
ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfwdkUü t&d,m[laom yk'fudk þuJhodkU zGifhqdkxm;ygonf-
t&d,/ (wd) «(1) tm&umo'´gudk ed½kwådenf;jzifh t&d,ûy udavomeH tm&uwåm
t&da,m ed½kwådea,e/ om&w¬ 1 171? (oD? #D? opf? 2? 290/ 'D? #D? 2? 342/ r? #D? 1? 196/)
udavao[d t&umwd t&da,m ,'g'dem tm&umo'´ó t&d,ma'aom/ olpd? 39/
(2) t,+£&d,+t/ ed½kw¬denf;jzifh t&d,ûy? r? #D 1 62/ oH? #D? 2? 202-3? rlv? #D? 1?
162/ yg&mZduPf *P²dopf? 1? 34? wdkUMunfh/
(3) t&d+ [e+ uGd / udavom&a,m [e[Dwd t&a[m/ aom {0 t&da,m/ "mef? #D?
435/
(4) t&+Ps/ t& *rae 0g/ t&wd t"d*päwd r*¾zv"ar®wd t&da,m/ "mef? #D? 435/
t& *rae? aPsm? £um&m*arm/ "mef? #D? 693-6? tm,D-oH»
þ jyqdkavQmufxm;csufrsm;onf wdyd#u ygVd jrefrmtbd"mef twGJ-3? pmrsufESm 530-rS
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þtbd"meftaetm;jzifh t&d,qdkaomyk'fonf
(1) tm&umo'´grS t&d, jzpfvmonf/
(2) t, yk'f+£&d, yk'f+ t ypönf;tm;jzifh t&d, jzpfvmonf/
(3) t&[ yk'fu t&d, jzpfvmonf/
(4) t&yk'f Psypönf;tm;jzifh t&d, jzpfvmonf[k qdkygonf/
xdkuJhodkU jzpfvmaom xdkt&d,o'´g\ teufrsm;udk xdkwdyd#u ygVd-jrefrmtbd"mefusrf;BuD;ü
qufvuf jyqdkxm;ygonf/
t&d,qdkonfrSm
(1) (u) tjypfr½Sd tjypfuif;aom? aumif;aom/
(c) udavomwdkUrS uif;a0;-pifMu,f-aom? jzLpifaom jrifhjrwfaom/
(*) edAÁmefudk tvdk½SdaomolwdkUonf odtyf-a&muftyf-aom/
(C) rcRwfr,Gif;-rSefuef-aom/
(i) qkwf,kwfysufpD;aMumif; w&m;ü rjzpfwwfaomol/
(p) owå0gwdkUtm; aumif;aomusifh0wfukd oif,lapwwf oifay;wwfaomol/

tpodkU
(2) t&d,myk*¾dKvf-
(u) udavomwdkUrS uif;a0;aomç tusdK;pD;yGm;rJhudk rjzpfapwwfaomç tusdK;pD;yGm;udk
jzpfapwwfaom owåavmuonf udk;uG,f&m[lí qnf;uyftyfaom
udavom&efoludk owfwwfaom r*fzdkvfw&m;udk &aom-jzLpifoefU½Sif;aom
yk*¾dKvf? y#da0"t&d,myk*¾dKvf/
(c) aumif;aom tusifh&Sdaomç tusifhaumif;aom yk*¾dKvf? tmpm& t&d,myk*¾dKvf
ponfjzifh jyqdk xm;ygonf bk&m;/
t&d,mqdkonfrSm tmpm&t&d,m? 'óet&d,m? vd*Ft&d,m? y#da0"t&d,m [lí
av;rsdK;½SdaMumif; udk Zmwu|uxm 'kwd,tkyf ESm-256 ü qdkxm;ygonf? y#da0"t&d,m qdkonfrSm
tusOf;tm;jzifh r*¾|mef av;a,mufç zv|mefav;a,mufwdkU jzpfygonf/
þuJhodkU jrifhjrwfaom olawmfpif t&d,mocifrsm;udk Ak'ömoemawmfü tav;*½kûyí
wefzdk;xm;cJhMuygonf? þuJhodkU tav;*½kûyí wefzdk;xm;tyfaom t&d,mocifrsm;udk yHysufyef;ysuf
jzpfatmif uyfoD; uyfoyf zsufqD;Muygonf bk&m;? ]]t&d,mqdkwJh pum;udk yk'fcGJvdkufawmh
t&+£,+tm qdkwJh yk'foHk;ckudk pyffxm;wm jzpfw,f? 'DoHk;yk'frSm t&-u= vltar? £,-u= vltaz?
tm= vkyfwm? vltar vltazawG vkyfvdkUjzpfwm t&d,m}} vdkU qdkvdkw,f[k a&;om;MuonfrSm
Ak'ömoemtm; w&m;vGef apmfum;jcif;omjzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;vdkygonf bk&m;/

OD;Ouú|0g'D or®m'd|dtzGJUom;rsm;onf t&d,mudkom zsufqD;½Hkru edAÁmef\ oabmw&m;udkvnf;
r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuHzsufqD; a&;om;xm;Muygonf bk&m;? ed+0ge t& edAÁmefqdkaom yk'fü þb0ESifh
xdkb0 csKyfpyfwwfaom 0gernfaom wPSm r½SdaomaMumifh edAÁmef[k trSefjzpfygonf? ]]0ge}} udk
taMumuf-tvdk? ed-r½dSjcif;? uif;jcif;[laom t"dyÜg,frSm i&JaMumufjcif;? ewfjynfudk vdkcsifjcif;
r½SdwmvdkU qGJ,lxm;ygonf? ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfeJU tvGef qefUusifwJhpum; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
xdkUjyifvnf; þcE¨mudk,fwnf;[laom ½kyfw&m; ½lyu©E¨mwGif a0'emonm ocFg&
0dnmP[laom t½lyu©E¨m*kPfESifh edAÁmef[laom *kPf 2-rsdK; ½Sdavonf[k qdkxm;jcif;onfvnf;
tvGefrSyif r[kwfw½kwfEdkifvSaompum;rsm; jzpfygonf? cE¨mudk,f[m ½kyfw&m;csnf;oufouf r[kwfyg?
½lyu©E¨mcsnf;oufouf r[kwfyg? xdk½kyfw&m;wGif a0'em-onm ocFg& 0dnmPESifh edAÁmef wnf½Sdonf
qdkwm[mvnf; xdkenf;wl r[kwfw½kwf Avkókuúpum;rsm; jzpfygonf/
½kyfw&m;ESifh emrfw&m;wdkUonf taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm o[Zmw (twljzpfzuf)rsdK;ç wnf&mrSD&m
(edó,)rsdK;ç tm;BuD;aom wnf&mrSD&m (Oyedó,)jzpfzufrsdK;wdkU jzpfMuygukefonf bk&m;?
edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfonf ½kyfw&m;rSm wnfaejcif;qdkwmuawmh vHk;0 ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfESifh

tpodkU
rudkufnDyg bk&m;? edAÁmef onf owå0gwdkU\ tZÑwåü &½Sdtyfaomw&m;rsdK; r[kwf tyüom &½Sdtyfaom
A[d'¨w&m;rsdK;omjzpfaMumif; "r®o*FPDygVdawmfü ]]A[d'¨g "r®m}} [k a[mawmfrlxm;ygonf bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-

OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dtzGJUom;rsm;onf ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfudk vHk;0
em;rvnfolrsm;om jzpfMuygonf? em;vnfatmifvnf; o'¨gw&m;jzifh oifMum;olrsm; r[kwfMuyg?
ax&0g' yd#uwfygVdawmfrsm;udk tenf;i,frQ avhvmzl;vQifvnf; xdkodkU avhvmMujcif;rsm;onf
csKyfcs,fvdkí wpfbufudk tjypf½Smvdkí avhvmoifMum;jcif; tv*'´Lyryk*¾dKvfrsm;om jzpfMuygonf?
taMumif;rSm edAÁmef\ csrf;omudk wrifawmifhwcHpm;vdkí tm;xkwfygu (þedAÁmef tvdkonf
umrESifh,SOfaom tvdkom jzpf&ayrnf)[k qdkxm;MuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
tbd"r®myd#u "r®o*FPDygVdawmfü edAÁmefudk tEkyg'dPÖtEkyg'ged, "r®[k
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf? wPSm'd|dwdkU uyftyfaom uHonf tusdK;\tjzpfjzifhvnf; r,ltyf?
Oyg'gefwdkU\ tpD;tyGm; tm½Hkvnf; r[kwfaom w&m;-[k vm½Sdygonf? umrqdkaom wPSm\ tvdkjzifh
&Edkifaom edAÁmef r[kwfyg/
xdk tbd"r®m "r®o*FPDygVdawmfüyif-
uwar "r®m tEkyg'dPÖtEkyg'ged,m? ty&d,myEém r*¾g p r*¾zvmed p tocFwm p
"mwk? £ar "r®m tEkyg'dPÖtEkyg'ged,m/ (tbd 1/ 206/)
jrefrmjyef
tb,fw&m;wdkUonf tm½Hkûyaomtm;jzifh wPSm'd|dwdkU uyfa&muftyfaom uHonf (tusdK;\
tjzpfjzifh) rpGJ,lvnf; rpGJ,ltyfukefonfjzpfí vGefpGm pGJvrf;wwfaom Oyg'gefw&m;wdkU\ tpD;tyGm;
(tm½Hk) vnf; r[kwfaom tEkyg'dPÖtEkyg'ged,w&m;wdkU jzpfukefoenf;? (wPSm'd|dwdkU tm½Hkûytyfonfh
uH\ tusdK;vnf;r[kwf? Oyg'gefwdkU\ tm½Hkvnf;r[kwfaom w&m;rsm;um; tb,fenf;) bHkoHk;yg;ü
tusHK;r0if ukefaom (avmukwå&mjzpfaom) r*fwdkUonfvnf;aumif; udavomwdkUudkowfvsuf edAÁmefodkU
oGm;wwfaom r*f\ tusdK;(zdkvf) wdkUonfvnf;aumif; (uH-pdwf-Owk-tm[m&-[laom
taMumif;w&m;wdkU) rûyjyiftyfaom oabm ]]tocFw"mwf}} (edAÁmef) onfvnf;aumif; ½Sd\/
þw&m;wdkUonf (wPSm'd|dwdkU tm½Hkûytyfonfh uH\tusdK;vnf; r[kwf? Oyg'gefwdkU\
tm½Hkvnf;r[kwfaom) tEkyg'dPÖ tEkyg'ged, w&m;wdkU jzpfukef\/ (tbd jref 1? 369/)
pwåma&m r*¾g ty&d,myEém pwåm&d p omrnzvmed edAÁmeÍö/ (umr? ½ly? t½ly) bHkoHk;yg;ü
tusHK;r0ifukefaom r*Fav;yg;? xdkUjyif zdkvfav;yg;? xdkUjyifedAÁmefonf½Sd\? ¤if;"r®o*FPDygVdawmfü
a[mawmfrlygonf bk&m;/ (tbd 1? 267/)

tpodkU
xdkrSwyg; edAÁmef\*kPfawmfyk'f wckjzpfaom ]]tEkyg'gy&dedAÁme}} [laomyk'fudk wdyd#u ygVdjrefrm

tbd"mefusrf;BuD;u wpfpHkwpfckaomw&m;udk wPSm'd|dwdkUjzifh r,lrlí csKyfNidrf;jcif; csKyfNidrf;aomw&m;?
aemiftcg y#doaE¨\ taMumif;rjzpfaom csKyfNidrf;jcif; csKyfNidrf;aomw&m;[k t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkxm;ygonf
bk&m;/
þuJhodkU ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;ü edAÁmefonf wPSm'd|dwdkU\ tm½Hk r[kwf? wPSm'd|dwdkUjzifh
r&tyf? rodtyfaom w&m;tjzpf a[mMum;awmfrlygvsuf umrESifh,SOfaom tvdkom jzpf&ayrnf[k
qdkxm;jcif;onf rdpäm0g'D t"r®0g'DwdkU\ rdpäm0g' t"r®0g'omjzpfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

17/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ Mo0g'ay;q&mBuD; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumvufopfESifh
pyfvsOf;í 0daoo apm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumvufopfESifh ywfoufí vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh udkufnDatmif
r[kwfr[wf vkyfZmwfcif;um teufay;cJhyHkrsm;ESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ em,uBuD;wpfOD;jzpfol
tbd"r®m q&mpdef qdkol\ ukd,fvdk&mudk,fqGJ teufay;xm;yHkrsm;udk rlvapm'emvTm trSwf(17)wGif
azmfjyapm'emxm;NyD;cJhygNyD bk&m;/
ocifjrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ "r®pMumç tewåvu©Pokwfç y#dpöorkyÜg'f
wpfpdwf wpfa'owdkUudkom bk&m;a[m[k a[majymjzefUa0xm;aom pmtkyfç pmwrf;ç pmapmifç wdwfacG
ponfwdkUudk (pmaypdppfa&;odkU rwifMubJ wdwfwqdwf jzefUa0xm;aom vufurf;pmapmif pmtkyfrsm;yg
rusef) pkaqmif;½SmazGí þ½Hk;awmfodkU oufaocHtaxmuftxm;tjzpf wifjyNyD; rlvapm'emvTmwGif
wifjyavQmufxm; apm'emNyD;ygNyD bk&m;/

OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;tygwdkU ESpfoufvSygonfç jrwfEdk;vSygonf qdkaom "r®pMumudkvnf;
vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh udkufnDatmif 'd|"ar®m paom ygVdyk'frsm;udk udk,fvdk&m udk,fqGJ
teufay;xm;MuaMumif; avQmufxm;cJhNyD; jzpfygonf? bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkawmfus teufay;&rnfudk
tb,fhaMumifh aMumuf½GHUí aemufwGefUaeMuaMumif;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkU\ t"r®0g'udk ppfaq;qHk;jzwfaomtcg
txif;om; ay:vmrnf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þae&mwGif-
'd|"ar®m paom "r®pMumygVdyk'frsm;ukd Ak'¨jrwfpGm tvdkawmfus q&mawmfOD;Ak"f
teufay;xm;yHkrsm;udk qufvufavQmufxm; azmfjycGifhûyyg bk&m;/
(1) 'd|"ar®m? jriftyfNyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonf jzpfí/
(2) ywå"ar®m? a&muftyfNyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonf jzpfí/
(3) 0d'dw"ar®m? odtyfNyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonf jzpfí/
(4) y&da,m*gV§"ar®m? ÓPfjzifh ouf0iftyfNyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonf jzpfí/
(5) wdPÖ0dpdudapäm? ul;ajrmufNyD;aom wpfq,fhajcmufyg;aom ,HkrSm;jcif;? ½Spfyg;aom
,HkrSm;jcif; ½Sdonf jzpfí/
(6) 0d*wuxHuaxm? odkUavm odkUavm awG;awm,HkrSm;jcif; uif;onf jzpfí/

tpodkU
(7) ow¬Komoae? jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmfü? a0om&ZÆyÜawåm? &J&ifhjcif;odkU

a&mufonfjzpfí/
(8) ty&yÜpöa,m? udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf odjriftyfaomaMumifh olwyg;wdkUtm; ,HkMunfjcif;
rjzpfrlí/
þü ]]opömw&m;}} [lonf txuf "r®pMumw&m;pmudk,fü a[mMum;xm;aom 'k-o-ed-r opöm
av;yg; jzpfygonf/
txufazmfjyyg 'd|"ar®m paom yk'fwdkU\ bk&m;½Siftvdkusteufrsm;udk atmufyg
t|uxmzGifhESifhtnD azmfjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
'da|m t&d,opö"ar®m {awemwd 'd|"ar®m/ {o ea,m aooya'okyd/ wdPÖm 0dpdudpäm
taeemwd wdPÖ0dpdudapäm/ 0d*wm uxHuxm tómwd 0d*wuxHuaxm/ a0om&ZæyÜawåmwd
a0om&ZÆH yawåm? uw¬ ow¬Komoae/ emó ya&m ypöa,m e y&ó o'¨g, {w¬ 0wåwDwd
ty&yÜpöa,m/ (r? |? 3? 66/)
jrefrmjyef
jriftyfNyD;aom t&d,opömw&m; ½Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumifh aomwmyefonf 'd|d"r® rnf\?
<uif;aom ywå"r®ç 0d'dw"r®ç y&da,m*gV§"r® yk'fwdkUüvnf; þtpDt&iftwdkif;yifwnf;?
vGefajrmuftyfNyD;aom 0dpdudpäm ½Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumifh aomwmyefonf wdPÖ0dpdudpäm rnf\? uif;aom
tb,fodkUygvdrfh[k ajymqdkaMumif; 0dpdudpäm ½Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumifh aomwmyefonf 0d*wuxHux
rnf\? a0om&ZÆyÜwå [lonfum; uif;aom ½GHU½Sm;jcif;½Sdol\ tjzpfodkU a&mufoenf;? jrwfpGmbk&m;\
omoemawmfü uif;aom ½GHU½Sm;jcif;½Sdol\ tjzpfodkU a&mufNyD? aomwmyef\ olwyg;[laom pGJí
jzpf&monf (0g) ,HkMunfxdkufolonf r½Sd? olwyg;udk ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh þomoemawmfü usifhonf
r[kwfaomaMumifh aomwmyefonf ty&yÜpö, rnf\/
txufazmfjyyg ygVd t|uxmrsm;t& bk&m;½Sifonf 'd|"ar®m paom yk'frsm;udk
opömav;yg;w&m;udk odjrifNyD;aom t&d,myk*¾dKvfrsm;udk &nf½G,fí a[mxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; odEdkifygonf
bk&m;/
"r®pMumudk bk&m;a[mygVd? t|uxm? #DumESifhtnD ay;&aom teufESifh OD;Ouú|ay;xm;aom
teuf b,fvdkuGmjcm;aeonfudk trSefw&m; pl;prf;vdkonfh vli,frsm; EdIif;,SOfMunfhoifhygonf/

tpodkU
tbd"r®mq&mpdefqdkola&;aom twå0g'ESifh wm0wðomtbd"r®m pmtkyfwGif "r®pMum
a'oemawmfvm 'ku©opöm a[myk'frsm;udk olxif&m jrif&m aygufwwfu& teufay;xm;yHkrsm;udk rlv
apm'emvTmü avQmufxm; apm'emNyD;ygNyD bk&m;/
tbd"r®mq&mpdef &rf;um;pGm teufay;xm;aom 'ku©opöm a[myk'frsm;udk q&mawmf OD;Ak"fu
bk&m;½Siftvdkawmfus teufay;xm;yHkrsm;udk avQmufxm; azmfjyyg&ap bk&m;/
Zmwdyd? y#doaEäe&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'ku©m? qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;jzpf\/
Z&myd? qdk;&Gm;a[mif;jrif; tdkrif;&ifha&mf&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'ku©m? qif;&Jjcif;\taMumif;
jzpf\
Asm"dyd? zsm;em&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'kau©m? qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif; jzpf\/
r&PrÜd? ao&jcif;onfvnf;? 'ku©H? qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif; jzpf\/
tyÜda,[d? rcspfrESpfvdktyfaom owå0gocFg&wdkUESifh/ orÜa,ma*g? twlwuG
aygif;,SOf&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'kau©m? qif;&J\/
yda,[d? cspfESpfvdktyfaom owå0gocFg&wdkUESifh/ 0dyÜa,ma*g? auGuGif; uif;uGm
½SJcGmzJMunf raygif;,SOf&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'kau©m? qif;&J\/
,H ydpäH? tMuif y#doaEäe&jcif; paom oabmw&m; ightm; rjzpfygrl aumif;avpG
ponf jzifh awmifhwjcif;udk/ e vbwd? r&tyf/ wrÜd? xdk awmifhwwdkif; r&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'ku©H?
qif;&J\/
oHcdawåe? tusOf;tm;jzifh? yÍö? ig;yg;ukefaom/ Oyg'geu©E¨myd? Oyg'gef\ tm½Hkjzpfaom
cE¨mwdkUonfvnf;/ 'ku©m? qif;&Jukef\/

q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\ bk&m;tvdkawmfus teufrsm;onf (0de,yd#uom&w¬'DyeD#Dum r[mcEü?
yÍö0*¾,uxm? "r®puúyÜ0wåeokwf tzGifh pmrsufESm 171? 172? 173? 174? 175) wdkUrS
zGifhqdkxm;csufrsm;ESifh tnD teufjrefrmjyefqdkxm;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þae&mwGif acwfvli,frsm; jrifomatmif tppfESifhtwk EIdif;,SOf jyyg&ap bk&m;/
Zmwdyd - ief;ief;wuf pGJvrf;jcif; jzpfívmjcif;aMumifh/ 'ku©m? qif;&Jjcif; tusdK;w&m;
jzpf&acs\/ (q&mpdef) (twk)
Zmwdyd - y#doaEäe&jcif;onfvnf;/ 'ku©m? qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif; jzpf\/ (q&mawmf
OD;Ak"f ) (tppf)

tpodkU
tbd"r®mq&mpdef qdkolonf ol\ twå0g'ESifh wm0wðom tbd"r®mpmtkyfüyif ]]t,ar0 aom
t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g}} ygVdudk vdif0kpfrrSef o'´g[eftaerus teufay;xm;onfudkvnf; rlv
apm'emvTmü wifjyavQmufxm;cJhygonf bk&m;? ]]t&da,m? jrwfaom / t, ar0 ra*¾g? þr*fonfvQif/
t|*Øaum? t*Fg½Spfyg;ESifh jynfhpHk\}} [laom teufonf o'´grSef yk'frSef teufrSef jzpfygonf? cdkifcHhaom
bmompum; rSeforQ pnf;urf;½Sdygonf? ygVdç ouúw paom bmompum;BuD;rsm;onf pnf;pepf½Sdaom
bmomrsm; jzpfygonf? xdkUaMumifh ygVdbmomudk o'´grrSef aygufwwfu& vkyfypfygu t"dyÜm,frSef
r&Edkifawmhyg? pufbD;pD;wwfolonf vJatmif b,fvdkvkyfvkyf rvJyg? ygVdwwf ynm½Sifrsm;onfvnf;
rSm;atmif wrifvkyfwmawmif rrSm;yg? OD;Ouú|wdkU q&mpdefwdkUrSmum; ygVdo'´gESifh ygVdpmayudk aumif;pGm
rwwfí pufbD;rpD;wwfaom oluJhodkU jzpfaeayonf/

vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh tbd"r®mq&mpdefwdkU\ bk&m;a[m "r®pMuma'oemtay: bk&m;½Sif\
tvdkawmfudk qefUusifvsuf teufjrefrmjyefqdkxm;MuyHkonf wynfhawmfrsm; avQmufxm;cJhaom
bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkawmfus ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifhtnD a½S;q&mpOfquf teufjrefrm
jyefqdkxm;Muaom "r®pMuma'oemawmfrsm;ESifh vHk;0qefUusifaeaomaMumifh "r®pMumvufopf
teufay;yHkonf t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;? xdkt"r®0g'rsm;udk
vdkufemaeMuaom olwdkUonfvnf; t"r®0g'Drsm;omjzpfaMumif; tqHk;tjzwf ay;awmfrlyg&ef

tpodkU
0daooapm'em trSwf ( 18 )
18/ twåaemrwd- rdrdxif&majymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[m
jzpfav [ef vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifhywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
1/ twåaemrwd= rdrdxif&m ajymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk
bk&m;a[mjzpfav[ef vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifh ywfoufí ]bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[m
vkyfrIonf} bmomoemzsuf tûytrlrsdK; jzpfaMumif; oufaoom"ursm;jzifh avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;/
2/ yd#uoHk;oG,f edum,fig;jzm a'oemawmfonf olvdkigvdk omrefyk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufu
awG;awmMuHpnfNyD; a[mxm;aom a'oemr[kwf? av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; umvywfvHk;
yg&rDawmfrsm;udk jznfhqnf;yl;NyD;rS oHk;avmuxG#fxm; bk&m;tjzpfodkU a&mufNyD;aom w&m;tm;vHk;udk
tukeftpif odjrifawmfrlonfh bk&m;½Sifu oAÁñkwa½TÓPfawmfBuD;jzifh odjrifNyD; a[mMum;xm;aom
w&m;a'oemawmfrsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdkw&m;a'oemawmfrsm;rSm jznfhzG,f pGufzG,f y,fzG,f EkwfzG,f
r½SdaMumif;udk oDvu©efygVdawmf omrnzvokwfü þodkU a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
aom "r®H a'aowd tm'duvsmPH raZÑuvsmPH y&da,maomeuvsmPH? omw¬H oAsÍöeH
au0vy&dykPÖH y&dok'¨H jA[®p&d,H yumaowd/ ('D? 1? 59/)
þygVdawmfudk atmufygtwdkif; ½Sif;vif; azmfjytyfygonf bk&m;-
uvsmP*kPf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfrsm;onf yxryg'jzifh tpü aumif;jcif;? 'kwd,ç wwd,yg'jzifh
tv,fü aumif;jcif;? pwkw¬yg'jzifh tqHk;ü aumif;jcif;*kPf/
ed'gef;jzifh tpü aumif;jcif;? tv,fpum;&yfjzifh tv,füaumif;jcif;? ed*Hk;pum;&yfjzifh tqHk;ü
aumif;jcif; *kPf/
yxrtEkoaE¨jzifh tpü aumif;jcif;? tv,ftEkoaE¨jzifh tv,füaumif;jcif;? tqHk;tEkoaE¨jzifh
tqHk;ü aumif;jcif; *kPf/
oDvorm"djzifh tpü aumif;jcif;? 0dyóemr*fwdkUjzifh tv,füaumif;jcif;? zdkvfç edAÁmefwdkUjzifh
tqHk;ü aumif;jcif;*kPf? þodkU tpç v,f tqHk; oHk;yg;vHk; aumif;jcif;*kPfESifh jynfhpHkaom
a'oemawmfrsm; jzpfMuygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
ow¬*kPf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfonf rsufarSmuftusdK; wrvGeftusdK; avmuDtusdK; avmukwå&m tusdK;
ESifh jynfhpHkyg\/
ouFmoe = tusOf;tm;jzifh jyqdktyfaom teuf?
yumoe = a½S;OD;pGm jyqdktyfaom teuf?
0d0&P = tusOf;udk tus,fzGifhqdktyfaomteuf?
0dbZe = jyqdktyfNyD;onfudk wzefa0zeftyfaom teuf?
OwåmeDu&P = zGifhqdkNyD;onfudk txl;wvnf tus,fw0ifh zGifhqdktyfaom teuf?
ynmye = a0zeftyfNyD;udk (ay:vGifonfxuf ay:vifatmif) jynfhjynfhpHkpHk
odaptyfaom teuf/
þqdkcJhNyD;aom tusdK;pD;yGm; teufrsm;ESifh jynfhpHk<u0aom a'oemawmf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
oAsÍÆe*kPf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfonf-
tu©& = wpfvHk; wpfvHk;aom tu©&m?
y' = 0dbwftqHk;½Sdaom emrfyk'f? tmcsmwfyk'f? Oyom&yk'f? edygwfyk'f?
AsÍÆe = teuft"dyÜm,fudk jywwfaom 0gus?
tmum& = 0gusudk rsm;pGmaom tjym;wdkUjzifh a0zefrI ûyaMumif; pum;?
ed½kwåd = tjym;tm;jzifh a0zefNyD;onfudk xkwfaqmifí tus,fqdktyfaom 0d*¾[
tusOf;pum;/
eda'ó = t<uif;tusefr½Sdatmif ñTefjytyfaom 0d*¾[ tus,fpum;/
þqdkcJhNyD;aom o'´grsm;ESifh jynfhpHk<u,f0aom a'oemawmf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
au0vy&dykPÖ*kPf ponf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfonf-
xnfhoGif;jznfhpGufzG,f&m rvdkatmif jynfhpHkaeonf jzpfygí au0v y&dykPÖ*kPf?
tjypfruif;ojzifh wpfpHkwpf&m xkwfEkwfy,fzsuf&rnfh w&m;ryg½Sdí tvGefoefUpifaom
y&dok'¨*kPf?
oDv orm"d ynm odu©moHk;tif jrwfaom w&m;tpOfudk xifjrifatmif azmfjyEdkifonfh
jA[®p&d,ç yumoe*kPf?
þ*kPfawmfwdkUESifh avmufvHkjynfh0 wifhw,fvSaom a'oemawmf jzpfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t&SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-

3/ qdkcJhNyD;aom aus;Zl;*kPfwdkUESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom Ak'¨jrwfpGm a'oemawmfonf-
(1) ygVda0g[m& pum;vHk; toHk;tEIef;\ eufeJjcif; = "r®*rÇD&?
(2) teufoabm\ eufeJjcif; = tw¬*rÇD&?
(3) a[mMum;yHk tpDtpOf\ eufeJjcif; = a'oem*rÇD&?
(4) ygVdteufwdkUudk xdk;xGifí odEdkifaom ÓPf\ eufeJjcif; = y#da0"*rÇD&-
[laom eufeJjcif;av;rsdK;wdkUESifh jynfhpHkaom a'oemawmf jzpfygonf? odkUjzpf&um; tapmufvnf;eufç
tajymvnf;us,faom ork'´&m0,f ,kefoli,fonf axmufwnf&m r&ouJhodkU jznfhusifh
qnf;yl;tyfaom ukodkvf taqmuftOD; r½SdolwdkU ouf0ifusufpm;&ef cufcJNyD; axmufrD&efvnf;
rvG,faom a'oemawmf jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þrQavmuf tzufzufu *kPfaygif;pHkaewJh bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfü rnfolurQ r[kwfr[wf
vkyfZwf ygVdudk xnfhí bk&m;a[m rvkyfoifhyg bk&m;? vkyfcJhvQifvnf; Ak'¨jrwfpGm vufxufawmftcgu
t&d|&[ef;\ vrf;odkUom jref;&zdkU½Sdygonf bk&m;/
t&d| &[ef;
Ak'¨jrwfpGmvufxufawmftcgü t&d|rnfaom "r®uxdu &[ef;wpfyg; ½SdcJhzl;ygonf bk&m;?
olu tbd"r®myd#uESifh okwåefyd#uudk wwfuRrf;NyD; 0denf;yd#uudk em;rvnfyg? odkUygí Ak'¨jrwfpGm
"r®a'oemü atmufyg vkyfygVdudk xnfhvdkufygonf bk&m;/
wxm[H b*0wm "r®H a'odwH tmZmemrd/ ,xm a, ar tEÅ&m,dum "r®m 0kwåm
b*0wm? aw y#dao0awm emvH tEÅ&m,m,/ (r? 1? 184/)
arxke y#dao0ew&m;wdkUudk psmef r*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,fudk ûywwf\ [k bk&m;a[mxm;aomfvnf;
tMuif enf;vrf;jzifh rSD0Joltm; tEÅ&m,frjzpfEdkif? bk&m; a[mxm;aom psmef r*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,fudk
ûywwfaom arxkey#dao0ew&m;wdkUonf tEÅ&m,frjzpfEdkifaom enf;vrf;udk igodxm;onf/
&[ef;wdkUu r[kwfrSefaMumif; bk&m;½Sifu þodkUra[maMumif; ½Sif;vif;jyaomfvnf; vufrcH?
rSefrSef rSm;rSm; qdkNyD;om;pum;udk rpGefUEdkif[k pGJpGJjrJjrJ ,lqaeonf? bk&m;½Sifu ac:,lqHk;r&mü-
tx p ye wGH armCyk&do twåem 'k*¾[dawe tarS ap0 tAÇmpdu©od? twåmeÍö ceod?
A[kÍö tyknH yo0od/ wH [d aw armCyk&do b0dówd 'DC&wåH t[dwm, 'ku©m,/ (r? 1?
185/)
(rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf? tv*'´Lyrokwf)

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom a,mufsm; xdkodkU a[mxm;ygvsuf oifonfç rdrdonf raumif;aom
pGJ,l jcif;jzifh igwdkUudkvnf; pGyfpGJbd\? rdrdudk,fudkvnf; wl;ûzdzsufqD;bd\? tukodkvfw&m;wdkUudkvnf;
rsm;pGmyGm; apbd\? r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom a,mufsm; oifhtm; xdk,kwfnHhaom rdpämt,lonf
umv½SnfjrifhpGm tpD; tyGm;rJhjcif;ç qif;&Jjcif;iSm jzpfvwåHU/
þuJhodkU rdefYqdkNyD; &[ef;wdkUtm; atmufygtwkdif; ar;awmfl\/
]&[ef;wdkU... xdktaMumif;udk tb,fodkU rSwfxifMuukefoenf;? vif;wowfrsdK;ü jzpfzl;aom
þt&d| &[ef;onf omoemawmfü ÓPftaiGUtoufrQ ½Sdao;oavm} [k ar;awmfrl\/
]]jrwfpGmbk&m; tb,frSm ½SdEdkifygtHhenf;? r½SdEdkifyg bk&m;}} [k &[ef;wdkUu avQmufxm;Muukef\/
xdkodkU qHk;raomfvnf; t&d|&[ef;onf rwkefrvIyf ikwfwkwfxdkifum t,lrpGefUbJ
ZGwfayaeygonf bk&m;/
xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u-
ynm,dówd acg wGH armCyk&do {awe oaue ygyaue 'd|d*awe? (r? 1? 185/)
r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom a,mufsm;? oifonf rdrd\ ,kwfnHhvSaom þt,ljzifh i&J
ponfwdkUü xif½Sm;vwåHU/
þodkU rdefYqdkawmfrlNyD; t&d|udk oHCmh*dkPf;rS ESifxkwfvdkufNyD; &[ef;aumif;wdkUtm;vnf;
t&d|&[ef;uJhodkU rûyMu&ef t|uxmq&m t½Sifr[mAk'äCmou atmufygtwdkif; owday;jyefygonf/
t&da|e 0d, e wkarS[d r,SH omoae uvvH 0g up0&H 0g yu©dydwAÁH/ (r? |? 2? 16/)
]]&[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf t&d|&[ef;uJhodkU ig\ omoemawmfü ½THUñGefESifh trdIufo½dkufudk
rxnfhoGif;&}} [k owday;ygonf/
u@uomraP
xdkodkU owday;aeonfhtMum;rS t&d|&[ef;\ oHa,mifaemufvdkuf t&d|&[ef;\ rdpämt,ludk
tvHxlay;rnfh u@uomraPqdkwJh udk&ifBuD;wpfOD; ay:vmjyefygonf? oluvnf;
arxkey#dao0etrIonf psmefr*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,frûyEdkif[k qufvufa[mjyefonf? olU0g'udk
vlêudufvnf; rsm;onf? vlaovljzpfuJhodkU qef;opfwJh tbd"r®myJqdkNyD; topftqef;êudufolwdkU
0dkif;0dkif;vnfaeMuonf? 'DtxJ omoemawmfordkif;rSm wpfavQmufvHk;½Iyfvmaom
qAÁ*¾Dudk,fawmfBuD;wdkUu a½SUqHk;rS yg0ifaeonf? 'Dudk&ifudk auR;Muonf? ay;Muonf twltdyf twlpm;
aexdkifum rolawmfcsif; oDwif;avGUavGU aygif;zufarGUaeMuonf? u@u omraPudk t,lrSefatmif
a[mívnf; r&/

tpodkU
xdktaMumif; bk&m;½Sif odaomtcg &[ef;wdkUudk ac:í atmufyg twdkif; ESifxkwfcdkif;vkdufonf/

tZÆwa*¾ aw tm0kaom u@u e ap0 aom b*0g ow¬m ty'dodwaAÁm?
,Hyd pan orPka'óm vbEÅd bdu©L[d o'¨ð 'd&wåwd&wåH o[ao,sH? omyd aw ew¬d?
p& yda& 0deó/ (0d? 2? 182/)
a[h armifu@u oifonf igwdkUq&m bk&m;jrwfpGmudk ,aeUupNyD; q&mvdkU rnGefjy&? tjcm;
udk&ifaumif;rsm;vdk twl ESpfnoHk;n tdyfcGifhvnf; r&awmh? olpdrf;jyify a[h vlt awmf&moGm;í
ysufpD;ygav/
þpum;udkajymí omoemawmfrS oefU½Sif;a&;vkyf xkwfypf&rnf[k &[ef;wdkUudk
rdefUawmfrlygonf bk&m;/
taygif;toif;vkyfaom qAÁ*¾D&[ef;wdkUudkvnf; ac:í uJh&JU½IwfcsNyD; aemif
taygif;toif;vkyfvQif ygpdwftmywfoifhap[k tmPmawmfrSwfí odu©myk'fudkyif ynwfcJh&ygonf
bk&m;/

Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf rdrd\ omoemü r[kwfr[wf vkyfZwfygVd r[kwfrw&m; 0g'trSm;
xnfhoGif;jcif;udk þrQyif jyif;jyif;xefxef udk,fawmfwdkif ta&;,lcJhygonf bk&m;/
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ wynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUonf
ygVdtaetxm;rrSefí o'´,kwådvnf;r½Sd? teuft"dyÜg,frrSefí tw¬,kwådvnf;r½Sdaom-
]]avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d}} [laom pum;udk ba'ú&wåokwfü
a[mcJhonf[kvnf;aumif; oDvu©efü a[mcJhonf[kvnf;aumif;? oH,kwfü a[mcJhonf[kvnf;aumif;
vdrfvnfa&;om;í teufazmf&mrSmvnf; olwdkUcsif;yif rnDñGwfMuyg bk&m;? ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf?
upömea*gwåokwfü xdkonfh avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d qdkwJhpum; rygonfhtjyif
teuft"dyÜg,fvnf; rygyg bk&m;? ,if; upömea*gwåokwfvm ygVdrSef teufrSefudk wifjy
avmuork',H acg upöe ,xmblwH or®yÜnm, yóawm ,m avmau ew¬dwm?
om e a[mwd/ avmued a&m"H acg upöme ,xmblwH or®yÜnm, yóawm ,m avmau
tw¬dwm? om e a[mwd/
jrefrmjyef
upöeocFg&avmu\ jzpfaMumif;jzpf&m (tEkavmr y#dpöorkyÜg'f) udk rSefaom 0dyóemynm
r*fynmjzifh [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm jrifaomol\ (oEÅmefü) avmuü r½Sdonf\tjzpfç jywfonf\
tjzpf[laom Oapä' t,lrjzpf? upöme ocFg&avmu\ csKyfjcif; csKyf&m y#davmr y#dpöorkyÜg'fudk rSefaom

tpodkU
0dyóemynm r*fynmjzifh [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm jrifaomol\ (oEÅmefü) avmuü ½Sdonf\tjzpf

jrJonf\tjzpf [laom oów t,l rjzpf/
þpum;&yfrsm;rSm upömea*gwåokwf jrefrmjyef trSef jzpfygonf bk&m;? trSefudk trSeftwdkif;
xkwfjyvdkufojzifh trSm;udkvnf; trSm;[k odomjcm;em; uGJjym;pGm jrifawGU&ygonf bk&m;/
bk&m; ra[monfudk bk&m;a[m[k vdrf&J nm&Jjcif;ESifh ywfoufí-
{uH "r®H twDwó? rkom0g'dó ZEÅKaem/
0dwdPÖy&avmuó? ew¬d ygyH tum&d,H/
vdrfnm&JNyD; wrvGefb0udk y,f½Sm;olonf rûy&Jaom tukodkvf 'kp½dkuf [lí r½Sd? vdrf&Jolonf
bmrqdk vkyf&Jonf [laom "r®y'ygVdawmfvm pum;ESifhtnD &wemoHk;yg;udkvnf; apmfum;&JMuygonf
bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh bk&m;ra[monfudk ta[mvkyfNyD; tajym½Iyfonfudk oabm[kwf ay:vGifatmif
"r®u©efESifhn§dí qHk;jzwfay;awmfrlMuyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
0daooapm'em trSwf ( 19 )
19/ Ak'¨\jzpfawmfpOf Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk raxrJhjrifûyí ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum;
a&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh 0daooapm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
omrnapm'emtrSwf 19-wGif pk'dwuwdkU\ pmtkyfpmwrf; ponfwdkUrS aumufEkwf
azmfjyxm;aom pmydk'ftrSwf (u) rS (e) txd pum;&yfrsm;onf Ak'¨bk&m;ociftm; r½dkrao
*g&0uif;rJhpGm ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum; a&;om;xm;aom pum;rsm;jzpfí xdkpum;&yfrsm;onf
t*Fkwå&edum,f? yÍöryPÖmou? udrdv0*f udrdvokwf a'oemawmft& t*g&0 5-rsdK;wGif
tusHK;0ifaeygonf bk&m;? olawmfaumif;w&m; ysufpD;atmif (t&SnfcdkifcHh rwnfwHhatmif) zsufqD;&m
a&mufaeygonf bk&m;/
t*g&0 5-rsdK; qdkonfrSm-
1/ bk&m;ü r½dkaojcif;?
2/ w&m;ü r½dkaojcif;?
3/ oHCmü r½dkaojcif;?
4/ odu©mü r½dkaojcif;?
5/ tcsif;csif;ü r½dkaojcif;-
þig;rsdK; jzpfygonf bk&m;? þt*g&0 5-rsdK;aMumifh bk&m;ocif y&dedAÁmefpHvGefNyD;aemuf olawmf
aumif;w&m;rsm; ysufpD;&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨jrwfpGmomoemawmfBuD; ysufpD;&jcif;rSmvnf;
t*g&0 5-rsdK; xGef;um;atmif vkyfaqmifaejcif;yif t&if;cH jzpfygonf bk&m;/
t*g&0 5-yg; ygVdawmf

aum Ek acg baEÅ a[wk aum ypöa,m a,e wxm*aw y&dedAÁKaw o'är®m e pd&|dwdaum
a[mwDwd/
(1) £" udrdv wxm*aw y&dedAÁKaw bdu©K bdu©Keda,m Oygoum Oygoduma,m
ow¬&d t*g&0g 0d[&EÅd tyÜwdóm/
(2) "ar® t*g&0g 0d[&EÅd tyÜwdóm?
(3) oHaC t*g&0g 0d[&EÅd tyÜwdóm?
(4) odu©m, t*g&0g 0d[&EÅd tyÜwdóm?
(5) tnrnH t*g&0g 0d[&EÅd tyÜwdóm?
t,H acg udrdv a[wk t,H ypöa,m a,e xxm*aw y&dedAÁKaw o'är®m e
pd&|dwdawm a[mwDwd/ (tH 2? 216/) (yÍö*Fkwå&ygVdawmf? udrdvokwf)

tpodkU
t*g&0 5-yg; jrefrmjyef

]]t½Sifbk&m; jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpH,lawmfrlonf½Sdaomf olawmfaumif;w&m; MumjrifhpGm
rwnfwHhEdkifaom taMumif;taxmuftyHhum; tb,fygenf;}} [k avQmuf\/
udrdv jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpH,lawmfrlonf&Sdaomf þomoemawmfü &[ef; &[ef;rdef;r
Oygoum OygodumrwdkUonf-
(1) jrwfpGmbk&m;ü ½dkaorI wkyf0yfrI r½Sdukefrlí aeMuukef\/
(2) w&m;ü ½dkaorI wkyf0yfrI r½Sdukefrlí aeMuukef\/
(3) oHCmü ½dkaorI wkyf0yfrI r½Sdukefrlí aeMuukef\/
(4) oDvodu©mü ½dkaorI wkyf0yfrI r½Sdukefrlí aeMuukef\/
(5) tcsif;csif; ½dkaorI wkyf0yfrI r½Sdukefrlí aeMuukef\/
udrdv jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpH,lawmfrlonf½Sdaomf olawmfaumif;w&m; MumjrifhpGm
rwnfwHhEdkifaom taMumif;taxmuftyHhum; þonfyifwnf;[k (rdefYawmfrl\)/ (tif jref 2? 217/)
þae&mwGif ,if;wdkU\ a0zefcsufonf w&m;vrf;aMumif;rusaMumif;udk omrnapm'em
(yxrapm'em)ü ygaom aumufEkwfcsuf tpOfvdkuf tenf;i,fpD azmfjyygrnf bk&m;/
(u) tavmif;awmfewfom;tm; pMu0Vmwdkufwpfaomif;rS ewfjA[®mtaygif;wdkUu
bk&m;jzpf&ef awmif;yef&onfrSm avmu\ xHk;wrf;pOfvmt& udpötwdkif;twmBuD;vQif
BuD;onfhtavsmuf ywf0ef;usifu wdkufwGef;awmif;yefMujcif;onf "r®wmyif jzpfonf? Ak'¨0if
rl&if;pum;ü pMu0Vmwdkufwpfaomif;rS ewfjA[®mwdkUu toif bk&m;jzpfrnf[k vmajymonf r[kwfyg?
bk&m;jzpf&ef vlUjynfodkUqif;NyD; oaE¨,lyg[k awmif;yefjcif; jzpfygonf? a0zefolu tavmif;awmfu
rod? ewfjA[®mwdkUu êudwifodESifhonf[k a0zefjcif;rSm Ak'¨0ifpmom;udk em;vnfatmif rzwfEdkifí
jzpfygvdrfhrnf/
(c) vlUjynfodkUqif;í bk&m;jzpf&ef awmif;yefjcif;onf udk,fhudk,fudk owfaozdkU
awmif;yefjcif;jzpfaMumif; a0zefcsufrSmvnf; Ak'¨0ifudkususee zwfzl;olrsm;tzdkU &,fp&mjyufvHk;rQom
jzpfygonf? tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf tavmif;awmfewfom;onf olUyg&rDt& olUtcsdeftcg usa&mufíom
aowauwkewfom;b0rS pkawí r,fawmfrm,m0rf;ü oaE¨,ljcif; jzpfygonf? þa0zefcsufonf
a0zefolü rSefuefaom oabmxm; r½SdaMumif; ay:vGifapygonf/
(*) r,fawmfrm,m tdyfrufcef;ü qifjzLawmf tdyfrufay;onfudkvnf; t[dwfwd&pämefBuD;
ay;&rvm;[k a0zefjyefonf? tu,fí a0zefpmüygonfhtwdkif; ewfom;vSvSav;udk tdyfrufay;ygu
a0zefolwdkUu r,fawmfrm,monf ewfom;ESifh tdyfrufxJrSm azmufjyefonf[k a0zefMurnfom
jzpfygonf? taumif;rjrifcsifolwdkUonf tbufbufu tjypf½Smrnfom jzpfygonf/

tpodkU
(C) o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfvm ewfokwfawGu Ak'¨½Sifawmftm; tapmfum;qHk;[k

a0zefpGyfpGJcsufudk yd#uwfwwf ynm½Sdolawmfaumif;wdkUu ûyH;awmfrlMuygonf/
(i) ewf\w&m;udk bk&m;½Sifu vdkufem&av[ef þtrSwfjya0zefcsufonfvnf; r[kwfyg?
pifppf ewfudk tûid;BuD;vSpGmjzifh tjypf½Smaejcif;om jzpfygonf/
(p) wm0wðomrSm tbd"r®mw&m;a[maom jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; r,fawmfjzpfcJhzl;aom
oEÅKódwewfom;u wpfBudrfrQ qGrf;rauR;&aumif;vm;[k a0zefxm;ygonf? þa0zefcsufum;
rqdk;vSyg? wm0wðomrSm bk&m;½Sif tbd"r®ma[monfudk oG,f0dkufvufcH&m a&mufygonf/
(q) þtrSwfjypum;&yfü jrwfpGmbk&m; tbd"r®mw&m; wm0wðomrSm a[mawmfrlpOf
aeUwdkif; ajrmufuRef;odkU<uNyD; qGrf;cHí qGrf;bkOf;ay;ae&onfudk MunfhaeEdkif&uf&efaum[k
r,fawmfrdewfom;tm; or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUom;rsm;u &efawGUxm;ygonf? olwdkUomqdkvQif
'DvdkMunfhrae&ufygbl;[k qdk&ma&mufojzifh b,fqdk;vdkUwkef;[k rSwfcsufûyvdkygonf bk&m;/
(Z) OD;a½Tjynfhuvnf; ,cktcgrSm t&darawå,sbk&m;tavmif;ESifh ywfoufí tHhzG,fo&J
xl;uJaomjzpf&yfrsm;udk rawGU&í rcsifhr&JjzpfaeaMumif; od&ygonf? rawGU[kqdkonfrSm wdkawmif;vSwJh
vlUb0umvav;twGif;ü OD;a½Tjynfh rawGUwmvm;? ,aeU urÇmay:rSm½SdwJh vlrsdK;jcm; bmomjcm;awGu
rawGUwmvm;? tHhzG,fo&Judk awGU&&ifvnf; 'gbk&m;tavmif;aMumifhyJ[k b,fol odEdkifovJ? 550-
Zmwfedygwfawmfrsm;udk '@m&DawGyJ[k pGJvrf;rSwfxifaewJh Oyg'gefuav;udkûzwfNyD; pOf;pm;vQif tjrifrSef
jyef&ygvdrfhrnf bk&m;/
(ps) anmifyifwpfyifrSm trnfrodolwpfOD;u r,fawmfrm,mtm; tavmif;awmfod'¨w¬
oaE¨&atmif ay;vdkufaMumif; Ak'¨0ifuqdkowJh? ax&0g' Ak'¨0if tapmifapmifrSm 'Dvdkrygygbk&m;/
(n) tavmif;awmfewfom;onf ewfjA[®mwdkU\ awmif;yefcsuft& r,fawmfrm,m0rf;ü
oaE¨,lcJhonf qdkonfhtwGuf zcifoka'¨g'eonf zcif&if;r[kwf[k a½Ttbd"r®mu qdkygonf?
'ghaMumifhvJ a½Ttbd"r®m[k tjrwfwEdk; emrnfay;Muonf xifyg\ bk&m;/
(#) bk&m;tavmif; zGm;jrifwkef;u tusdK;tuef;awG aumif;onf? ewfjynfi&Jjynf
jrif&onfqdkwmudk urÇmYordkif;rSm rygíwJh? a½Ttbd"r®mu rauseyf? vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; 2600-u
wu,fhtjzpftysufudk rSwfwrf;rwifEdkifwJh urÇmYordkif;q&mrsm;udk a½Ttbd"r®mq&mwdkUu qufvuf
ta&;,lMu&ef wdkufwGef;ygonf bk&m;/

þapm'emtrSwf 19-wGif azmfjyxm;aom (u)rS (#)txd pum;&yfrsm;onf
bmoma&;jyufvHk;rsm;yif jzpfMuaomfvnf; Ak'ËSifhAk'¨0Houdk ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfapmfum;í
*g&0uif;rJhpGm ûyrlxm;aomaMumifh rodem;rvnf½Smolrsm;taejzifh txiftjrif vGJrSm;NyD; oGm;Ekdifygojzifh

tpodkU
bk&m;zsufç w&m;zsufç oHCmzsufç tcsif;csif; zsufqD;aom pum;&yfrsm;om jzpfaeygaomaMumifh

"r®vrf;aMumif; rapmif;&atmif wnfhrwfay;awmfrlygrnfhtaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

20/ ax&0g'vm oH*g,em (6)wefudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif a[majymaqG;aEG; a&;om;xdk;ESufvsuf
omoemzsufvkyf&yfrsm;udk vkyfudkifaeMurIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsufyg bk&m;/
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&m;awmfrsm; bk&m;-
1/ oH*g,em (6)wef wifawmfrlvmcJhMuwJh ½Sifr[muóy tp½Sdaom bk&m;om;awmf
ax&fjrwfBuD;rsm;onf Ak'¨jrwfpGm 45-0g umvMumatmif a[mazmfñTefjy qHk;rawmfrlcJhaom
pum;awmfa'oem tESpfrsm;udk rayghysuf rao;odrf rwnfNidrf racsmufcsm; azmufjym; a½GUavsmí
roGm;&avatmif wpfyGifhpD a<uvifaeaom yef;rsm;udk pDum pOfum uHk;oDxm;ouJhodkU pkpnf;ukH;oD
tpDtpOfusatmif u@jcm; ydkif;um½Gwfqdk xm;awmfrlcJhMuygonf bk&m;/
2/ yxroH*g,emordkif;udk aemufaMumif;jyefíMunfhvQif acgif;aqmifoHCax&f
jzpfawmfrlaom ½Sifr[muóyax&fonf okb'´&[ef;BuD;\ xdwfvefUzG,faumif;aom
0denf;w&m;awmfudk ½IwfcsuJh&JUonfh pum;udkMum;&í ]]0denf;usifh0wfonf omoemawmf\ a&aomufjrpf
jzpfonf? a&aomufjrpf ykyfaqG;vQif omoemawmfyifr aoGUajcmuf ysufpD;awmhrnf}} [k
jrifawmfrlaomaMumifh qE´0D&d,BuD;rm;vSpGmjzifh oHCm 500-vufa½G;pif a½G;aumufawmfrlum
oH*g,emwifyGJBuD;udk usif;yawmfrlcJhygonf? ,if;odkU oH*g,emwifjcif;\tusdK;rSm vGefpGm
BuD;rm;vSygonf? udavomab;&efwdkUrS uif;Nidrf;NyD;í psmefcsrf;om zdkvfcsrf;omjzifh at;at; vlvl
aeawmfrlí omoemawmf ouf½Snfa&;twGuf Asmyg&uif;rJhaeaom &[EÅmBuD;rsm;udk
aMumifhMuwpfckûyum omoemwnfjrJa&;twGuf wm0ef,lapEdkifcJhygonf bk&m;/
3/ yxroH*g,em wifNyD;onfhaemuf wm0eftoD;oD; ay;xm;awmfrlcJhonfhtavsmuf
½SifOygvdonf 0denf;udk wm0ef,lum jzefUjzL;cJh&ygonf? ½SiftmeE´mu 'DCedum,fudk wynfhpOfquf
aqmif½GufcJh&ygonf? ½Sifom&dykwå&m\ wynfhjzpfaom ax&fBuD;rsm;onf rZÑdredum,fudk oif,lydkUcs
jzefUjzL;aomtm;jzifh wm0ef,lapmifha½SmufawmfrlcJh&ygonf? ½Sifr[muóyonf oH,kwåedum,fudk
rwdrfaum raysmufysufatmif wynfhpOfquf aqmif½GufcJh&ygonf? ½SiftEk½k'¨gum; t*Fkwå&edum,fudk
teuft"dyÜg,f aysmufuG,fazmufjym; trSm;t,Gif; r½Sd&avatmif MuyfruGyfuJ tjrJ ½GwftHo&ZÑm,fjcif;ç
ydkUcsjcif;ç aqG;aEG;ar;jref;jcif;rsm; ûycJh&ygonf? xdkUaMumifhyif xdkodkU yxroH*g,emyGJu aphaqmf
zefûypDpOfcJhrIaMumifh ,ck wynfhawmfrsm;acwfodkUa&mufatmif ax&0g'EdkifiHrsm;wGif ax&0g'
yd#uwfawmfrsm; raysmufrysuf wnf½SdcJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

4/ 'kwd,ESifh wwd,oH*g,emyGJrsm;rSmvnf; 0denf;aMumif;ESifh "r®a&;&mrsm;ü
,drf;,dkifazmufjym; acsmufcsm;rnfh tEÅ&m,fudk jrifawmfrlMuí usa&mufvmaom ab;&efrSvnf; uif;ap?

tpodkU
aemif tem*wftwGufvnf; 'd|mEk*wd&í omoemh0efxrf; &[ef;awmfrsm; aMumifhMurJh rae

omoemhtEÅ&m,fudk umuG,fapmifha½SmufMuap [laom ajrmfac:csufjzifh ½Sifr[m,oax&f
½Sifarm*¾vdykwåwdóax&fwdkUonf y#da0"*kPfvnf; ½Sdç A[kokw*kPfvnf; jynfhawmfrlMuaom (700-
1000) toD;oD;&Sdaom oHCmawmfrsm;udk a½G;aumufí 'kwd,tBudrfESifh wwd,tBudrf
oH*g,emwifawmfrlcJhMuygonf bk&m;/
5/ 'kwd,oH*g,emwifyGJBuD;\ t½Sdeft0gaMumifh 0denf;a&;&mü tav;teufrxm;
ayghavsmhpGm aexdkifusifhMuHvdkMuaom olrsm;onf wpf*dkPf;cGJ wpfpifaxmifí *dkPf;oD;jcm;
ûyoGm;Muygonf? ta&twGuf ydkírsm;aom oHCmtpkta0;jzifh oD;jcm;oH*g,em wifMuygonf? ,if;udk
r[mo*Ðwd*kPf;[k ordkif;wGifapcJhygonf? enf;onf rsm;onf y"mer[kwf? oefU½Sif;jcif;onf?
aumif;onf jzLpifjcif;onf rGefjrwfonf tnpftaMu;uif;aom Ak'ömoemudk tpGef;txif; r½Sdatmif
igwdkU xdef;Murnf[k ax&fBuD;rsm;onf qHk;jzwfawmfrlcJhMuonf? Apmifha½Smufawmf rlcJhMuonf?
xdkUaMumifhyif ax&0g'*kPf;[lí xdkpOfupí wGifcJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

6/ wwd,oH*g,em\ *kPfaus;Zl;onfvnf; tvGef xl;jcm;vSygonf bk&m;? rdpäm0g'
jrLtnpfwdkUudk jzLopfatmif aq;aMumNyD;í avmu"mwftESHU Ak'ömoem jzefUa0&ef udk;wdkif;udk;XmeodkU
omoemûy apvGwfEdkifcJhjcif;rSm wwd,oH*g,em\ tusdK;quf jzpfygonf? ,if;"r®'lw vkyfief;MuD;\
rSefuefrI xufjrufrIaMumifh ax&0g'EdkifiHrsm;[k ,ckacwfwGif xif½Sm;ausmfMum;íaeaom jrefrm
,dk;',m; uarÇm'D;,m; oD[dkVf vmtdk paom a'orsm;wGif wdyd#u Ak'¨tqHk;trrsm;onf
ysufjym;wdrfaumíroGm;bJ omoemESpf 2525 ausmfonftxd cdkifcdkifcHhcHhwnfwHhaecJhjcif;
jzpfygonfbk&m;/

7/ odkUpOfvsuf OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkUu 'kwd, wwd,oH*g,emrsm;onf
[dE´LjAm[®P0g'wdkESifh a&maESmpuf,Suf teuf t"dyÜg,frrSef azmufjyefaeonf? rjzLrazG;
npfax;aeonf[k r[kwfrw&m; pGyfpGJMuygonf? þoH*g,emrsm;onf rlvuyif r,lrpif
tjrifvGJrSm;rIwdkU tenf;i,frQ a&maESm0ifpGuf od&frysuf&atmif qufvufxdef;odrf;cJhjcif;aMumifh olwdkU
qdkovdk r[kwf? tvGefawmufajymifxdef0if; toa& vif;cJhygayonfbk&m;/
8/ pwkw¬oH*g,emordkif;udk MunfhjyefygvQifvnf; r[m0d[m&0goD*dkPf;0if
t½SifjrwfwdkUonf tdEd´,rS ul;pufa½GUvsm; azmufjym;vmaom "r®½kpd*dkPf; a0wkvs*dkPf; t,ltq
or,EÅrsm; ra&mrpGuf&atmif tcuftcJ trsKd;rsKd;Mum;xJrSm apmifha½SmufumuG,f xdef;odrf;EdkifMuaMumif;

tpodkU
awGU&rnfjzpfygonf? ,if;odkU jzLpifoefU½Sif;aeygvsuf bmudkxkwfí bmudk Ekwf&rnf[k tcsnf;ESD;

jrnfwrf;aejcif;onf tzsufoabmoufoufom jzpfygonfbk&m;/

9/ ayxuftu©&m wifvdkufwJhtwGuf oD[dkVfomoem t½SnfwnfwHhcdkifcHhíoGm;ovdk
yOöroH*g,em wifvdkufwJhtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiHomoemawmfonfvnf; urÇmu todtrSwfûyjcif;
cH&avmufatmif oefUvnf;oefU cefUvnf;cefUygayonf? tESpfw&mtwGif; ocFg&pufuGif;u
rvGwfuif;EdkifaomaMumifh 'kwd,urÇmppfMuD;wGif ausmufxuftu©&mwifcJhjyD;aom yd#uwfpmrlrsm;onf
tcsKdUûydvJ ysufuGJcJh&ygonf? tapmifhta½Smuf uif;rJhonfhtavsmuf umvMumvQif xdkxufyif
ysufpD;&awmhrnfhab;udk jrifMuí jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jynfolESifhtpdk;&? oHCmawmfrsm;ESifhwuG
wdkifyifn§dEdIif;MujyD; ax&0g'EdkifiHrsm;rS tultnD tMuHÓPfrsm;&,lum 6-Mudrfajrmuf
oH*g,emwifcJhMuygonfbk&m;/
10/ rltapmifapmifESifh n§dEdIif; txyfxyfokwfoif tMudrfMudrf jyifqifí yDyDjyifjyifwifcJhaom
q|oH*g,emudk tEdkifEdkifiHu todtrSwfûyMuojzifh q|rlyd#u pmaywdkUonf urÇmYEdkifiHMuD;rsm;\
pmMunfhwdkufMuD;wdkif;wGif cefUcefUnm;nm; MuGm;MuGm;0ifh0ifh ½Sdae&kHrQru urÇmYynm½Sif odkufq&mwdkU\
ynmodkufwl;azmf&m XmeMuD;rsm;jzpfvsuf½SdaeMuygonf/

11/ oH*g,em (6)wefwifcJhonfhbmompum;ESifh ywfoufíor®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU
wifjyovdk ygVdESifhwifonfr[kwf? ygVdvnf;ray:ao; [laom tqdkrSm&,fzG,foufoufom jzpfygonf?
em;rvnfaomaMumifh trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif; a&;om;ajymqdkMuonfrSm oem;zG,fyifjzpfygonf/ trSefrSm
,cktcg jymu&dwf[k xif½Sm;aom bmompum;MuD;\ tudkif;tcuf (6)rsKd; teuf rm*"Dac:aom
omompum;&yfonfyif; a'oEÅ&ul;ajymif; vltrsKd;rsKd;wdkU oHk;pGJajymqdk&mrS bk&m;½Sif\
pum;awmftpOf[laom teuft"dyÜg,fudk&nfñTef;um; (text) udk ygVdawmf? (text language)
udkygVdbmompum;[kd a0g[m& ul;ajymif;vmjcif;rS jzpfygonfbk&m;/

12/ ,ckavQmufxm;cJhaom pum;tpOfjzifh oH*g,em (6)wefwifcJhaom yd#uwfonf
OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwpf,loefrsm; ajymqdkjzefUa0Muovdk [dE´LjAm[®P0g'vrf;pOf? raESm
pif;vHk;acsmaom yd#uwfrsm; jzpfygonf? 0drkwdåpcef;odkU ajzmifhwef;pGm ydkUwwfaom
vrf;pOfrSefrsm;vnf;jzpfygonf? rdpämt,l½Sdaomacgif;aqmif a½SUuoGm;ojzifh aemufvdkufjzpfaom

tpodkU
&[ef;½SifvlwdkUvnf; oem;pzG,f rdpämt,lrSm;aemufodkU vkdufMu½Smygonf? olwdkUudk,fwdkifu q&mpGJ

Oyg'gefMuD;½SmaomaMumifh tpGJr½Sdaom tEkyg'geyd#uwfudkyif tpGJESifh jynfhESufae[ef vkyfMuH
ajymqdkMujcif;om jzpfygonf? odkUjzpfygí xdk tpGJ½Sifrsm;udk tpGJûywfatmif
ûzwfy,f½Sif;vif;ay;awmfrlMuyg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonfbk&m;/

tpodkU

21/ oH*g,em 6-wefwifjyD; bk&m;a[m ygVdawmftrSefrsm;udk vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh rudkufnDygu
bk&m;a[m r[kwfyg[lí vnf;aumif;? [dE´LjAm[®P0g'[lívnf;aumif; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;
tjrifrSm;atmif vSnfhpm;vdrfnmí 0g'jzefUjcif;ESifh ywfoufaom 0daooapm'emcsufygbk&m;/
apm'em trSwf 21-wGif azmfjyxm;aom (u) trSwfjy pum;&yfü edum,f\edum,f pmtkyfwGif
'DCedum,f jA[®Zmvokwfudk bmomjyefqdk&mü tjynfhtpHk rjyefqdkonfhtjyif (rkom0g') odu©myk'fESifh
(z½ko0gpm) odu©myk'frsm;udk wrifûzwfcJhaMumif; apm'emcJhygjyDbk&m;/
,if;ûzwfxm;cJhaom odu©myk'f 2-ckteuf rkom0g'odu©myk'fESifh qdkifaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfudk
rl&if;twdkif;azmfjyygrnfbk&m;/
rkom0g'H y[m, rkom0g'g y#d0d&awm oraPm a*gwarm opög0g'D opöoaE¨m
axawm ypö,daum t0doH0g'aum avmuómwd/ £wd0g[d bdu©a0 ykxkZÆaem wxm*wó
0PHÖ0'rmaem 0a',sH/ (oDvu©efygVdawmf jA[®Zmvokwf)
'DygVdawmfuawmh OD;OuúXOD;pD;í OD;OaZÆmwdu wm0ef,lusif;yaom a';'&J
yOöedum,"r®omupämtzGJUom;rsm; twnfûyxm;aom edum,f\edum,fpmtkyfwGif ûzwfxm;jcif;cH&aom
bk&m;a[mygVdawmfygbk&m;? ,ck xdkygVdudk teufjrefrm zGifhqdkjyygrnfbk&m;/
a*gwarm = a*gwrtEG,f½Sdaom oraP &[ef;onf
rkom0g'H = rkom0g'udk (0g) cRwf,Gif;azmufjyefr[kwfrrSefaom um, ya,mu?
0pDya,m*jzifh odapaMumif;jzpfaom apwemudk/
y[m, = aqmufwnf&mumv\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh y,fawmfrljyD;í?
rkom0g'g = rkom0g'rS (0g) cRwf,Gif;azmufjyef r[kwfrrSefaom um,ya,m*?
0pDya,mujzifh odapaMumif; jzpfaom apwemrS/
y#d0d&awm = aemiftcgü 0dy&Dw0w¬K[k qdktyfaom vGefusL;tyfaom
0w¬KESifhaygif;qHk;awGUêuH&m umv\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh toD;oD; uif;vsuf
a½SmifMuOfawmfrl\/
opö0g'D = rSefuefaom pum;udkom ajymqdkawmfrlwwf\
opöoaE¨m = rSefuefaom a½S hpum;ESifh rSefuefaom aemufpum;udk
aphpyfawmfrlwwf\/
axawm = jrJjrHwnfwHh t½SnfcHaom pum;½Sdawmfrl\/
ypö,daum = o'¨gjzifh jzpfaptyfaom pum;½Sdawmfrl\/ (0g) ,HkMunftyf,HkMunfoifh
,HkMunfxdkufaom pum;½Sdawmfrl\

tpodkU
avmuó = owåavmuudk? t0doH0g'aum cRwf,Gif;apawmfrrlwwf?

£wd = þodkU/ 0a',s? qkd&m\? bdu©a0? &[ef;wdkU? £wd 0g?þodkUaom
rkom0g'0d&wD[laom oDvrQjzifh\aomfvnf;? ykxkZÆaem? ykxkZOfonf?
wxm*wó? jrwfpGmbk&m;\? 0PÖH? *kPfaus;Zl;udk? 0a',s?ajymqdk&m\/
(yckuúLrl oDvu©ef ygVdawmf edó,? ESm? 40/)

edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyfwGif ûzwfxm;cJhaom (z½ko0gpm)odu©myk'fudkvnf; oDvu©efygVdawmfrS
xkwfEkwfíwifjyygrnfbk&m;?
]]z½koH 0gpH y[m, z½kom, 0gpm, y#d0d&awm oraPm a*gwarm ,mom 0gpm
aevm uPÖokcg ayreD,m [',*Frm ayg&D A[kZeuEåm A[kZeremyg? wxm½lyd H0gpH
bmodwm" wd?£wd 0g[dbdu©a0 ykxkZÆaem wxm*wó 0PHÖ0'rmaem 0a',s/
(oDvu©ef ygVdawmf? jA[®Zmvokwf) ('D?1?4/)
,ck xdkygVdudk teufjrefrm jyefqdkygrnfbk&m;/
a*gwarm = a*gwrtEG,f½Sdaom oraP &[ef;onf
z½koH = wyg;aomoludk ylavmifapwwfaom (0g) rdrdolwyg;ESpfOD;om;udk
vToGm;uJhodkU Murf;wrf;onfudk ûywwfaom/
0gpH = pum;ukd (0g) pum;udk ajymqdkaMumif;jzpfaom apwemudk/
y[m, = aqmufwnf&mumv\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh y,fawmfrljyD;í
z½kom, = wyg;aomolukd ylavmifapwwfaom (0g) rdrdolwyg;ESpfOD;om;udk
vToGm;uJhodkUMurf;wrf;onfudk ûywwfaom/
0gpm, = pum;rS(0g) pum;udk ajymaMumif;jzpfaom apwemrS/
y#d0d&awm = aemiftcgü tauúmodwAÁyk*d¾Kvf[k qdktyfaom vGefusL;tyfaom
0w¬KESifh aygif;qHkawGUêuH&m umv\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh toD;oD; uif;vsuf
a½SmifMunfawmfrl\/
aevm = tjypfr½Sdaom/
uPÖokcg = Mum;em&aom yk*d¾Kvf\em;wdkUudk csrf;omapwwfaom/
ayred,m = cspfjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom/
[',*Frm = rxdrcdkuf pdkufpdkufrwfrwf pdwfESvHk;odk houf0ifwwfaom/
ayg&D = *kPf\ jynfhonf\tjzpfüjzpfaom/(0g) ûrdUMuD;olwdkU\ tac:ta0:
toHk;tEIef; tajymtqdkjzpfaom/

tpodkU
A[kZeuEÅm = rsm;pGmaom vltaygif;onf ESpfouftyfaom/

A[kZeremyg = rsm;pGmaom vltaygif;\pdwfudkwdk;yGm;apwwfaom/
,mom0gpm = tMuifpum;onf/tw¬d? ½Sd\?wxm½lyð? xdkodkUoabm½Sdaom?
0gpH = pum;udk? bmodwm ajymqdkawmfrlwwf\?£w{0H? þodkU/
0a',s = qdk&m\? bdu©a0? &[ef;wdkU? £wd0g? þodkUaom
z&½ko0gpm0d&wd[laom oDvrQjzifhaomfvnf;? ykxkZÆaem? ykxkZOfonf?
wxm*wó/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\? 0PHÖ? *kPfaus;Zl;udk? 0'rmaem?
ajymqdkvdkonf&Sdaom? 0a',s? ajymqdk&m\/
(yckuúLrl oDvu©efygVdawmf edó,?ESm?43?44)

(c) trSwfjy(*) trSwfjy(C) trSwfjy(p) trSwfjy pum;&yfrsm;wGif edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyfü
ûzwfxm;cJhaom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;udk rsufeSmeHygwfrsm;ESifhwuG twdtus axmufjyxm;jyD;jzpfí
0dooapm'em ûyaezG,f rvdkawmhygbk&m;/
(p) trSwfjy pum;&yfü edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyfwGif (auorkwåd) okwfudk bmomjyefazmfjy&mü
jA[®pdk&fw&m;av;yg;udk azmfjyaom ygVdawmfrsm;udk wpfyk'fvHk;ûzwfí bmomjyefqdkaMumif;udk
rlvapm'emwGif axmufjyxm;cJhygonf bk&m;? ,ck a';'&J yOöedum, "r®omupämtzGJUrS ûzwfxm;cJhaom
(auorkwådokwf)rS vufusefygVdudk azmfjyygrnf bk&m;/
1/ o acg aom umvmr t&d,om0aum {0H 0d*wmbdaZösm? 0d*wAsmyga'g tor®LaVm
orÜZmaem ywdóawm arwåm o[*awe apwom {uH 'doH z&dwGm 0d[&wd/ wxm'kwd,H/
wxm wwd,H/ wxm pwkw¬wwd,H/ £wd O'¨ra"m wd&d,H oAÁ"d oAÁw¬wm, oAÁÁ0EÅH avmuH
arwåmo[*awe apwom 0dykave r[*¾awe tyÜrmaPe ta0a&e tAsmyaZÆe z&dwGm
0d[&wd/
2/ u½kPm o[*awe apwom/y/
3/ rk'dwm o[*awe apwom/y/
4/ Oayu©mo[*awe apwom {uH 'doH z&dwGm 0d[&wd wxm 'kwd,H/ wxm
wwd,H/ wxm pwkw¬wwd,H/ £wd O'¨ra"m wd&d,H oAÁ"d oAÁw¬wm, oAÁÁ0EÅH
avmuHOayu©mo[*awe apwom 0dykave r[*¾awe tyÜrmaPe ta0a&e tAsmyaZÆe
z&dwGm 0d[&wd1/ (t*Fkwå&ygVdawmf/ wduedygwf/ auorkwådokwf) (tH? 1? 192/)

tpodkU

,ck xkwfjyvdkufaom ygVdawmfuawmh OD;OuúX OD;pD;aom a';'&J yOöedum, "r®omupämtzGJUrS
jzwfxkwfypfy,fvdkufaom or®m'dXdwdkUtêuduf auorkwådokwfrS vufusefygVdawmfygbk&m;? xdkygVdawmfudk
jAm[®P0g'aMumifh ûzwfypfoavm? arwåm u½kPm rk'dwm Oayu©m qdkaom w&m;av;yg;udk
vdkufemusifhoHk;vdkpdwf uif;rJhí ûzwfypfjcif;avm/

txufyg auorkwådokwfrS vufusefygVdudk jrefrmvdk azmfjyay;vdkufygw,f bk&m;/
umvmrrif;wdkU t&d,mwynfhwdkUonf þodkU rufarmjcif; tbdZösmrS uif;onf? ysufpD;apvdkjcif;
Asmyg'rS uif;onf? awGa0jcif; r½Sdonf? qifjcifwHkw&m; ½Sdonf? owdESifh jynfhpHkonf jzpfí arwåmESifh
,SOfaom pdwfjzifh wpfckaom t&yfrsufESmudk ysHESHUapíae\/ xdkUtwl ESpfckajrmufaom t&yfrsufESmudk?
oHk;ckajrmufaom t&yfrsufESmudk? av;ckajrmufaom t&yfrsufESmudk ysHUESHUapíae\/
þenf;jzifh txufatmufzDvm tvHk;pHkaom t&yfrsufESmwdkUü owå0gtm;vHk;udk rdrdESifh twlûyí
owå0gtm;vHk;yg0ifaom owåavmuudk jyefUajymaom? jrifhjrwfaom? twdkif;t½Snfr½Sdaom &efr½Sdaom?
aMumifhMur½Sdaom oem;jcif;u½kPmESifh ,SOfaompdwfjzifh ysHUESHUapíae\/ y/ 0rf;ajrmufjcif; rk'dwmESifh
,SOfaompdwfjzifh ysHUESHUapíae\/y/ vspfvsL&SLjcif; Oayu©mESifh ,SOfaompdwfjzifh wckaom t&yfrsufESmudk/
oHk;ckajrmuft&yfrsufESmudk? av;ckajrmuft&yfrsufESmudk ysHUESHUapíae\/
þenf;jzifh txufatmufzDvm tvHk;pHkaom t&yfrsufESmwdkUü owå0gtm;vHk;udk rdrdESifh twlûyí
owå0gtm;vHk;yg0ifaom owåavmuudk jyefUajymaom? jrifhjrwfaom? twdkif;t½Snfr½Sdaom &efr½Sdaom?
aMumifhMujcif;r½Sdaom? vspfvsL&SLjcif; Oayu©mESifh ,SOfaompdwfjzifh ysHUESHUapíae\/
(t*Fkwå&ygVdawmf/ wduedygwf/ auorkwådokwfjrefrmjyef) (tifjref 1? 207?208/)

OD;OuúXtygt0if ol\wynfhom0utm;vHk;u þ auorkwådokwfudk vufudkifxm;í
0g'rwlaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ pm? pum;? w&m;tm;vHk;udk a0zefuJh&JUavh½Sdygonfbk&m;? Ak'¨rSwfausmufqdkjyD;
tvGJ t"dyÜg,fazmfum olwdkUoabmESifh rawGUwdkif; ygVdawmfawGudk tjywf½Sif;½Sif;ypfMuygonfbk&m;/

r[mem,u OD;OuúXESifh plVem,u OD;OaZÆmwduwdkU wm0ef,lwnf;jzwf okwfoifxm;aom
edum,f\edum,f pmtkyfwGif bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk ajrmufjrm;pGm EIwfy,fxm;ygonfbk&m;?

tpodkU
,ckwynfhawmfrsm;u ¤if;wdkU\ yd#uwfy,f0g'udk odom½HkrQ erlemtjzpf avmufom

wifjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonfbk&m;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;onf
(1) teuf t"dyÜm,f jynfhpHkjyD;jzpfaomaMumifh omw¬H qdkaom *kPft*Fgajrmufygonfbk&m;/
(2) ay:vGifajyjypf uspfvpfaumif;rGefaom o'´gESifhjynfhpHkaomaMumifh oAsOÆeH qdkaom
*kPft*Fgvnf; ajrmufygonfbk&m;
(3) jznfhzG,fpGufzG,f r½Sd tvHk;pHk jynfhpHkaomaMumifh au0vy&dykPÖH *kPft&*Fgvnf;
ajrmufygonfbk&m;
(4) y,fzG,f EkwfzG,f r½Sd tvHk;pHk tjypfuif;aomaMumifh y&dok'¨H *kPfESifhvnf;
jynfhpHkygonfbk&m;
(yg&mZduPftXuxm?yxrtkyf/qXrl - 99)
trSwf (21) apm'emwGif azmfjyxm;aom (u) rS (n) txd pmydk'frsm;onf ygVdawmfrsm;udk
y,fxm;aompmydk'frsm; jzpfygonfbk&m;/
txufazmfjyyg omw¬H oAsOÆeH au0vy&dykPÖH y&dok'¨H [laom *kPft*Fgajrmufonfh
bk&m;a[mpm ygVdawmfrsm;udk ûzwfxkwf vTifhy,fxkESufzsufqD; ysufpD;atmif rnfodkUtaMumif;jycsufESifhrQ
rvkyf&ygbk&m;/ vlwpfudk,f xifwpfvHk;pD;½Sdí udk,fxif xifovdk rxif rxifovdk vkyfwrf;om qdkygu
wpfzufESifh wzuf y#dyu©rIMuD;awGay:vmjyD; avmujidrf;csrf;a&; ysufpD;oGm;rnfom jzpfygonfbk&m;/
xdkUjyif þoH*g,emajcmufwefwif ygVd tXuxm #Dumrsm; oefU½Sif; wnfwHh jyefUyGm;atmif
b0udk ay;tyfjyD;aeUpOf oiftH csydkUaeMuonfh odef;ausmf oHCmawmfrsm;tm;vnf; apmfum;&m
a&mufygonfbk&m;/
bk&m;a[mudk bk&m;ra[m[k ûzwfy,fonfhtwGuf 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rI\ vufonfvnf;
jzpfvmygonfbk&m;/
odkUjzpfygaomaMumifh þodkU q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;rsm;yg rae&? anmif;nmyifyef;awmfrl&jcif;onf
igxifovdk igvkyfrnf b,folrS riJhbl;qdkaom t"r®orm;wpfpk\ tûytrlaMumifh jzpfojzifh t"r®0g'DESifh
t"r®0g'Drsm;udk azmfxkwfay;yg&ef ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;ygonfbk&m;/
0daooapm'em jyD;ygjyD/

tpodkU
apm'em ed*Hk;
trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
1/ q&mawmfbk&m;rsm; ½Hk;awmfü vlaovljzpf OD;OuúX0g'? or®m'dXdokawoe0g'?
a½Ttbd"rm0g'wdkUrS tcsufaygif; (21) csufxkwfaqmifí "r® t"r® jyóemudk tqHk;tjzwfcH&ef
wifjyavQmufxm;jyD; jzpfygonfbk&m;? ,ck ed*Hk;csKyftaejzifh aygif;½Hk;oHk;oyfcsufudk
avQmufxm;yg&apbk&m;/
2/ yxroH*g,emrSpí qXoH*g,emtxd &maxmifruaom ynm½Sdolawmfaumif;
rax&fjrwfMuD;rsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; xdef;odrf;apmifha½Smuf twnfûyay;awmfrlcJhMuonfhtwGuf
Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½SifvlwdkUu ausauseyfeyf vufcHxm;vsuf½Sdaom edum,fig;&yf
yd#uwfoHk;oG,feSifhwuG xdk yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;t& usifhoHk;vdkufemvsuf½Sdaom tpOftvm w&m;"r®
,Ofaus;rIrsm;tay: axmfavmfuefUvefUvkyfvmaom OD;OuúXESifhw½Hkwnf; wpfûcHwnf;om;rsm;udk
ûcHíMunfh&mwGif ¤if;wdkU t"du udkifpGJaom vufeuf (2)rsKd;udk awGUMu&ygonf/
xkdvufeuf (2) rsKd;rSm ½kyf0g'vufeufESifh Oyg'gefvufeufyif jzpfygonfbk&m;/
3/ OD;OuúXwdkUonf olwdkU a&;om;a[majymcsufrsm;t& emrfw&m;\ tcef;u@udkvHk;0
ypfy,fjyD; ½kyfudkom tajccHusus udkifpGJxm;onfudk awGUMu&ygonfbk&m;? ½kyf0g'\
taqmifta,mifrsm;rSm yuwdrsufvHk;rSefajymif; ponfESifh tjcm;aom ½kyfu&d,mrsm; jzpfygonfbk&m;?
½kyf0g'\ tus,ft0ef;onfvnf; olwdkUajymonfh ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;yifjzpfygonfbk&m;? ow¬0gwpfOD;
ykcufwGif;okdU ra&mufrD(0g) oaE¨rwnfrDa&SUydkif;ESifh acgif;xJa&mufjyD;aemufydkif;(0g) tem*wf
b0ydkif;onf ½kyf0g'vufvSrf;rSDaom tydkif;r[kwfygbk&m;/
4/ Ak'¨0g'onfum; 0dbZÆ0g' jzpfonftm;avsmfpGm ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkUudkvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜef
twdwf tem*wfwdkUudkvnf;aumif; us,fus,f0ef;0ef; ½IjrifoHk;oyfazmfjyxm;aom 0g'jzpfygonfbk&m;?
Ak'¨0g'\ t"duvufeufrSm oDv orm"dudk tajccHaom ynmÓPf jzpfygonfbk&m;/ ½kyfrsufpdESifh
rSefajymif;r[kwfygbk&m;? þ Ak'¨0g'udk yd#uwfoHk;yHküaocsmpGm azmfjyxm;ygonfbk&m;/
5/ OD;OuúXwdkU vlpkonf ¤if;wdkUqkyfudkifxm;aom ½kyf0g'aywHjzifh Ak'¨0g'udk
wdkif;wmMunfhaomtcg ayrrD a'gufrrD jzpfaeygonfbk&m;/ emrfw&m;udkvnf; wdkif;ír&? twdwf
tem*wfudkvnf; rrDjzpfaeMuygonfbk&m;? þwGif Oyrmtm;jzifh azmfjy&ygu urÇmudk
&yfrSwftjzpfxm;vQif aeonf xGuf0ifoGm;vmaeonf[k qdk&ygrnfbk&m;? aeudk &yfrSwftjzpfxm;vQif
urÇmonf vnfywfaeonf[k qdk&ygonfbk&m;? þOyrmuJhodkUyif olwdkUudkifpGJxm;aom ½kyf0g'udkom
trSef[lí owfrSwfxm;vQif Ak'¨0g' trSm;jzpf&ygrnfbk&m;? Ak'¨0g'udk trSef[lí vufcHvQif olwdkU
qkyfudkifxm;aom ½kyf0g'onf trSm;jzpf&ygrnfbk&m;? þonfum; OD;OuúXwdkU vlpktwGuf
jyóemwufapaom tajccH tcsufjzpfygonfbk&m;/

tpodkU
6/ OD;OuúXwdkUonfum; ½kyf0g'udkom trSef[lí tajccHtm;jzifh qkyfudkifxm;Muolrsm;

jzpfygonfbk&m;? odkUaomfolwdkUonf avmuDa&;tm;jzifh vlvnfvlyg;rsm;jzpfMuonf tm;avsmfpGm
þAk'¨bmomEdkifiHrSm Ak'¨0g'wpfckvHk;udk rSm;onf[lírajymMubJ Ak'¨0g'trSefudk azmfjyaeaom
yd#uwfawmfrsm;udkom ½IyfaxG;atmifvkyfjcif; Ak'¨0g'trSefudk a[majymaeMuaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk
ykwfcwfjcif;rsm;ûyMuvsuf Ak'¨½Sifawmfudk,fwdkifu olwdkUbufom;jzpfav[ef 0uFEÅÓPftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh
tm;êud;rmefwuf aqmif½Gufvsuf½SdMujcif; jzpfygonfbk&m;/
7/ OD;OuúXwdkUvlpk udkifpGJaom tjcm;vufeufwpfckrSm Oyg'gefvufeufyifjzpfygonfbk&m;?
]]arsmufjrD;ESSifh arsmufjyefwkyf}} qdkbdouJhodkU Ak'¨0g'udkzsufpD;&mwGif Ak'¨0g'xJrS xufjrufpl;&Saom
pum;wpfvHk;udk toHk;csjcif;jzpfygonfbk&m;? urÇmYukvor*¾ü ADwdktmPmqdkaom t&muJhokdU
OD;OuúXwdkUvlpkuvnf; ]]Oyg'gef}} udk ADwdktmPmtyfESif;xm;Muygonfbk&m;? ½kyf0g't& rjrifEdkifaom
ewfjA[®m i&JwdkUudk ]]Oyg'gef}} tpGJawG[k orkwfMuygonfbk&m;? xdkodkU ok*wd 'k*¾wdb0wdkUudk
a&mufapEdkifonfh uH? uH\tusKd;qdkif&m ,HkMunfrIrsm;udkvnf; ]]Oyg'gef}} vkyfypfvdkufMuygonfbk&m;?
rnfonfht&mrqdk olwdkU\ ½kyf0g' tajccHtjrift& rMunfaom t&mrSeforQ ]]Oyg'gef}} yk'frwyfí
½IwfcsypfMuygonfbk&m? odkUaomf xdkOyg'gefonf Ak'¨bk&m;a[maom Oyg'gefr[kwf? OD;OuúXajymaom
Oyg'gefvufopfom jzpfygonfbk&m;?
8/ taMumif;odaom olrsm;twGuf ûyrdaom tcsufwpf&yfrSm ]]Oyg'gef Oyg'gef}}
[líwzGzGajymjyD; olwyg;udk ½Iwfcsaeolrsm;u olwdkUudk,fwdkif ydkíOyg'gefMuD;aeonfudk awGUMu&jcif;yif
jzpfygonfbk&m;? olwdkU\ 0g'tay:ü tb,frQ tpGJtvrf;MuD;ygoenf;qdkaomf &[ef;½Sifvl
jynfolvlxkwdkU\ ESmacgif;½HIUcHjyD; ZGwfvkyfaejcif;u oufaojzpfygonfbk&m;?
9/ trSefpifppf olwdkUqkyfudkifxm;aom Oyg'gefonfomvQif bk&m;a[maom
tukodkvfOyg'geftppf jzpfaMumif;awGU&ygonfbk&m;? odkUjzpfí olwdkU\ Oyg'gefonf ydkíckdifjrJum
olwdkUudk oHo&m opfikwfüwkyfcsDxm;onfh ]]*E¦}} [laom wkyfaESmifrItqifhodkU a&muf½Sdaeygonfbk&m;/
10/ odkU&mwGif rSm;,Gif;aom t,l (rdpäm'dXd)onf bk&m;a[míaomfrS ruRwfEdkifonfh
tqifha&mufrS jrJonf[kqdkEdkifonf? odkUr[kwfygu tcsdefra½G; tjrifrSef&jyD; ûyjyifajymif;vJvmEdkifonfyif
jzpfygonf? ]]trSDraumif; ,SOfrdaygif;u? tavmif;wdkUvsuf? usifhaumif;ysuf\}} qdkouJhodkU
taygif;toif;rSm;&mrS t,lrSm;rIvnf; jzpfEdkifygonf/
11/ þodkU jzpfonf½Sdaomf auorkwådokwfü Ak'¨bmomr[kwfao;aom umvmr
trsKd;om;wdkUtm; jrwfpGmbk&m; enf;ay;xm;aom ]]rm}} 10 csufwdkUwGif ]]rm oraPmaem *½k}}
]]igwdkU&JUq&m urÇmausmf t½SifMuD;yJ}} [lí Oyg'gefjyif;pGm ruyfbJ ESvHk;oGif; vdr®mcGifhvnf;½Sdayonf/

tpodkU
12/ þae&mü oDvu©efygVdawmf jA[®Zmvokwfüygaom jA[®'wfvkvif pdwfxm;yHkonf

twk,lp&maumif;vSygonf? jA[®'wfvkvifonf t"r®vrf;rSm;twdkif; wef;wef;MuD;oGm;aeaom
q&mjzpfol okyÜd,y&dAdkZfudkMunfhum þodkUawG;aeygonf/
tmp&d, acgye*lxH 0gt*¾ð 0g u@uH 0guPSoyÜH 0gtuúraEÅ olvH 0g tbd½k[aEÅ
[vm[vH 0g 0doH cg'aEÅ ca&m'uH 0g yu©vaEÅ e&uyygwH 0g yywaEÅ etaEÅ0godem wH
oAÁrEkumwAÁHa[mwd/ y/ r[mom0aZÆm acgyem&d,ly0ga'gwd/ ('D? X? 1? 38/)
jrefrmjyef
q&monf rpifudkaomfvnf;aumif;? rD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;? ql;udkaomfvnf;aumif;?
ajrGa[mufudkaomfvnf;aumif; wufeif;aomf wynfh&if;onf xdktm;vHk;udk twkvdkufí rûyxdkufay?
q&monf rdrd udk,fcE¨mudk xdk;azmufrnfh wHusifay:odkUwufaomfvnf;aumif;? vwfwavm
aoapwwfaom tqdyfudk pm;aomfvnf;aumif;? Murf;wrf;aom a&t,OfxJodkU acsmfusaomfvnf;aumif;
(eufvSaom) e&ufacsmufxJodkU ckefcsaomfvnf;aumif; wynfh&if;onf xdktm;vHk;udk twkvdkufí
rûyxdkufay/y/ t&d,mwdkUudk pGyfpGJjcif;onf tjypfMuD;av;vS\/
13/ jA[®'wfvkvifonf þodkUawG;rdygonf? þodkUawG;um t"r®vrf;udkvdkufaom q&m
okyÜd,y&dAdkZfESifh vrf;cGJcJhygonf? vrf;rSefa&mufatmif udk,fwdkifyifêud;pm;ûyjyifcJhygonf/
14/ wynfhawmfrsm;rlum; ½Hk;awmf\ pnf;urf;ESifhtnD vlaovljzpf OD;OuúX0g'? or®m
'dXdokawoe0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'qdkif&m tcsuf(21)csufudkxkwfí bk&m;a[m ax&0g' yd#uwfoHk;yHk
edum,fig;&yfESifhqefUusifonfhtaMumif; avQmufxm;apm'emjyD;jzpfygonfbk&m;? þodkU apm'emcGifh
&jcif;onfvnf; a&S;ukodkvfuH axmufrí omoemûycGifh wm0efwpf&yfudk ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmif
EdkifayjyD;wum;[k ESvHk;xm;Murnfjzpfygonfbk&m;/
15/ oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; taejzifhrlum; wynfhawmfrsm; apm'emaom tcsuf (21)
csufESifh pyfvsOf;í pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ aom"emcsufudk em;qifawmfrlMujyD; w&m;ouf&m qHk;jzwfawmf
rlMu&ef jzpfygonf bk&m;/ apm'em pk'dwu rnfolUrsufESmudkrQ riJhuGufbJ bk&m;½Sifomomemawmf
wpfckwnf;udkom Munfhawmfrlí wdusjywfom;½Sif;vif;aom tqHk;tjzwfudk csrSwfay;awmfrlyg&ef
av;jrwf½dkaopGm avQmufxm;Muygonfbk&m;/

tpodkU
1/ OD;pE´drm (yxrausmf? "r®mp&d,)

"r®mp&d,ausmif;wdkuf? rdw¬DvmûrdU/
2/ OD;ynmoD[ ( "r®mp&d,? ygVdyg&*l)
&wemrm&fatmifausmif;wdkuf? arûrdU/
3/ OD;0dok'¨ ( "r®mp&d,? 0dodX'DCbmPu)
avmurSefuif;wdkuf? rEÅav;ûrdU/
4/ OD;ynmomrd(rm*"D) ("r®mp&d,)
a&vnfausmif;wdkuf? ompnfûrdU/
0daooapm'emed*Hk; jyD;jynfhpHkjyD/

tpodkU
0daooapm'emtjyD;? pk'dwursm;tm; ar;jcif;

aeUpGJ/ 4-7-81
obmywd -tck apm'u yk*¾dKvfrsm;&JU 0daooapm'emudk zwfMum;jyD;qHk;oGm;ygjyD? jyD;qHk;oGm;awmh
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ aom"emwifoGif;zdkU usefygw,f/
OD;a½Tjynfh -EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&f t½SifoljrwfwdkUbk&m;-
30-6-81 aeUu EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f t½SifoljrwfwdkU\ a½SUarSmufwGif a½Ttbd"r®m
ar;cGef;vTmudpöESifhywfoufí wynfhawmftay:ü pGyfpGJaom &[ef;awmfrsm;u tcsufaygif;rsm;pGmwdkUjzifh
omomemawmfudk qefUusifoltjzpf pGyfpGJoGm;Muygonfbk&m;? þodkU pGyfpGJxm;csuftay: wynfhawmfu
auseyfrIr&ygí acsyygonfbk&m;/
Ak'ömoemawmf qefUusifolrsm;[kyif ,HkMunfrdygonfbk&m;? þonfudkyif t"r®trI[k ac:qdkrI
ûyEdkifonf[kvnf; wynfhawmf,HkMunfrdygonfbk&m;? omoemawmfudk apmifhxdef;onf[k qdk&müvnf;
Ak'¨jrwfpGmqdkqHk;rcJhaom xm;cJhaom opömav;yg;w&m;tpGJûywfa&; w&m;t& vdkufemusifhoHk;vsuf 31-
bHk[laom b0xdkxdktay:rSm rpGJ,lMubJ usifhoHk;aexdkifMurSkudkyif Ak'¨\omoemawmfudk
apmifhxdef;olrsm;[k ac:qdkjcif; ûyEdkifonf[k ,HkMunfrdygonfbk&m;/
OD;Z0e (0denf;"dk&f) -wifxm;wJh apm'emxJrSm 'Dopömav;yg;w&m;awGrygbl;? opömav;yg;
w&m;udk aom"emzG,frvdkbl;? rdrdtxifudk vkyfxm;wmudkomajzqdkyg/
OD;a½Tjynfh -wynfhawmfuawmh 'Dtwdkif;yJ opömav;yg;eJU udkufjyD;awmh ajymcsifygw,f/
OD;Z0e -opömav;yg;awG bmawGrvdkygbl? apm'emeJU udkufrdatmifom
ajzqdkzdkUvdkygw,f/
OD;Óedu (0denf;"dk&f) -t"dyÜg,fu 'Dvdkqdkvdkygw,f? apm'emxm;wJh 21 csufrSmygwJh[mudkom
ajz½Sif;&r,f? wjcm;tydkawG ajzp&mrvdkygbl;/
OD;a½Tjynhf -'Dvdkqdk&if wynfhawmf&JU acsyvTmudk ocifjrwfqdkifudkyJ vTJtyfcsifygw,f?
wynfhawmfvJ tcsdefr&vdkU wynfhawmfuvJ jyefzdkUvdkw,f? &cdkifuqdkawmh
wm½SnfapmifhraeedkifvdkU wynfhawmfudk,fpm; ocifjrwfqdkifudk pk'dwuvkyfzdkU
vTJtyfcJhygw,f/
OD;Óedu -'gqdk&if iJhn§mwJhoabmjzpfEdkifygw,f/
rSwfcsuf/ / þae&mü OD;a½Tjynfh vTJpm xnfh&ygonf/

tpodkU
aeUpGJ/ 4-5-81
wynfhawmf\ pk'dwutwGuf ocifjrwfqdkiftm; wynfhawmf\ udk,fpm; vTJtyfygonf?
vufcHawmfrlyg q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkUbk&m;/
a½Tjynfh
oabmwl vufcH aqmif½Gufygrnf/
ocifjrwfqdkif

tpodkU

tydkif;(3)
3-1/ aom"emu@ (obmywdq&mawmf\ rdefUMum;csuf)
3-2/ OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emacsyvTm
3-3/ ocifNrwfqdkif\ acsyvTm
3-4/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ acsyvTm
3-5/ obmywdq&mawmfed*Hk;csKyfrdefUcGef;
0dZÆmr,*rÇD&enf; rdpämpufNzwfrEÅefawmfMuD;
Ak'¨½SifNrwf? a[mMum;tyfaom
yd#uwfusrf;pm? rnD&mwdkUudk
rsufESmaxmufxm;? roem;ESifh .....
pmtm;? aiGtm;NzefUa0tm;Nzifh
wpfyg;-q,fa,muf? wpfa,muf-q,fyg;
NyefYyGm;ESHUpyf? vlY&yfaNrukef
0dkif;tHk y xkwf? ZGJcwfvkyfí
awmxkwfMuukefavmh .....
(rpdk;&drfpmoifom;)

tpodkU
aom"e u@
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; aom"emrwifrD obmywdq&mawmf bk&m;MuD;\
êudwifowday; rdefUMum;csuf
aeUpGJ/ 8-7-81/
,cktcsdefupjyD; oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f trSwf(2) ½Hk;udk zGifhygjyD/
wpfaeUu (4-7-81 aeU) apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm; apm'emvTmwifoGif;wJh udpöjyD;aeygjyD? ,aeU
pk'dwuyk*d¾Kvfrsm; aom"emvTm (acsycsuf) wifoGif;zdkU tcsdefa&mufygjyD? tJ'D aom"emwifoGif;wJh
ae&mrSm apm'em wifxm;wJh 21-csufeJU rywfoufwJh pum;rsm;ygae&if 'Dae&mrSm
xnfhoGif;avQmufxm;cGifh&rSm r[kwfygbl;? apm'em (21)csufESifh ywfoufwJh acsyvTmrsm;udk 'D½Hk;u
vufcHr,fvdkUe*dku &yfwnfcsufrSm aMujimjyD;om;jzpfygw,f? tm;vHk;ESvHk;oGif;zdkUu 'Dudpö[m
omoemawmfwpf&yfvHk;eJU oufqdkifwJh udpöjzpfvdkU tifrwefta&;MuD;ygw,f?'gaMumifht½HI;tEdkif[lí
oabmrxm;bJ trSm;trSef ("r® t"r®)qHk;jzwfzdkU 'dkUcH,lwmyJvdkU ESvHk;oGif;xm;MuzdkU bkef;MuD;u
arwåm&yfcH êudwiftoday;ygw,f/
'gjyD; aom"em(acsyvTm)rSm yd#uwfawmfrSm rygbJESifhygw,fvdkU tJ'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;vdkU
&Sd&ifvnf;yJ tJ'gudk bkef;MuD;wdkU 0denf;"dk&frsm;taeeJU zwfMum;wJh yk*¾dKvfawGudk tenf;tusOf;jyefjyD;
ar;&ygvdrfhr,f? b,frSmygw,fqdkwm(jyygvdkU) ar;&ygvdrfhr,f? tifrwef ta&;MuD;oudk;?
yd#uwfawmfrSm rygbJESifh ygygw,f? 'Dtwdkif;ul;,lxm;ygw,f? ul;jyD;awmh aom"emvGmrSm
wifoGif;xm;ygw,fvdkU r½SdbJeSifh t½SdvkyfjyD;xm;vdkU½Sd&ifvnf; bkef;MuD;wdkUu jyefjyD;ar;&vdrhfr,f?
rygbJESifh tygvkyfjyD;? avQmufxm;acsycJhvQif b,fae&mrSm ygw,fqdkwm tenf;tusOf; wpfckeSpfck
ponf ar;&vdrfhr,f? tcsKdUtcsKdUae&mwdkif;rSmvnf; bkef;MuD;wdkU 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
êudwifMunfhcGifhr&bl;? ½SmcGifhr&bl;? r&wJhtwGuf pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfawGudk tcGifhta&;ay;wJh taeeJU
bkef;MuD;wdkU zwfcGifhûyr,f 2-csuf 3-csufawmh ar;cGef;ar;&vdrfhr,f? tJ'gudk êudwif owday;xm;ygw,f/
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSmvnf;yJ bkef;MuD;OD;qE´m"du&,f? 'umMuD; ocifjrwfqdkif&,f? OD;cif[ef&,f
oHk;OD;&SdwJhteuf OD;qE´m"du wifoGif;vTmu enf;vnf;enf;w,f? bkef;MuD;vnf;jzpfw,f? 'gaMumifh
OD;qE´m"du\ wifoGif;vTmudk yxrqHk; wifoGif;jyD;rS 'umMuD;OD;jrwfqdkif&JU tajzaom"emvTmudk
zwfcGifhwifoGif;cGifh ay;r,f? 'DrSm OD;qE´m"duvnf;yJ apm'em(21)csufeJU rywfoufwJh udpöawGudk
rwifoGif;zdkU&m ravQmufxm;zdkU&m bkef;MuD; owday;ygw,f? tu,fí ygaevQifbkef;MuD;wdkU
wm;jrpf&vdrhfrnf/
OD;aCmodw
obmywdq&mawmf
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(2)

tpodkU

OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emacsyvTm
OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emed'gef;
OD;qE´m"du\ aom"em trSwf(5)
a&;om; a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí 0daooapm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
OD;qE´m"du\ aom"em trSwf (14)
udpörsm;udk tydkoufouf tjzpfjzifh a[majyma&;om; zsufqD;jcif; apm'emqkdif&mü apm'emûycsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emtrSwf (21)
oH*g,em 6-wefwifjyD; bk&m;a[m ygVdawmftrSefrsm;udk vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh rudkufnDygu bk&m;a[m
r[kwfyg[lí vnf;aumif;? [dE´LjAm[®P0g'[lívnf;aumif; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; tjrifrSm;atmif
vSnfhpm;vdrfnmí 0g'jzefUjcif;ESifh ywfoufaom apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf

tpodkU
jynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpf or®w jrefrmedkifiHawmf

EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJ htrSwf (2)
vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,
aom"emacsyvTmrsm;
OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emed'gef;
obmywd q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkYbk&m; wpfbufaom
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u vlaovljzpf OD;OuúX0g' [laom trnfjzifh wynfhawmfrsm;\ tay:wGif
pGJcsufwifxm;jcif;aMumifh ,ck0dedpä,XmeodkU a&mufcJh&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
wynfhawmfonf q&mawmf t½SifOuúXxHwGif ynmoifMum; oabmw&m;avhvm&ef
a&mufcJhonfrSm (12) ESpfcefUrQ ½SdoGm;ygNyD bk&m;/
q&mawmfBuD;ESifh (10)ESpfcefYrQtwl oDwif;oHk;cJh&í q&mawmfBuD;rSm crm*kPf? "dwd*kPf?
ynm*kPfwdkUESifh b,fíb,frQ jynfhpHkaMumif; udk,fwdkifod jzpfygonf bk&m;/
vlcyrmPac: acgif;yg;pGm aexdkifrIwGif rsufarSmufacwf omoem0ifü pHwifavmufaom
yk*¾dKvfBuD;wpfyg;jzpfygonf? Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfudk Munfñdk&mwGifvnf; tarQmftaMumufuif;í oefU½Sif;aom
av;pm;jcif;jzifh Munfñdkav;pm;wwfaom yk*¾dKvfBuD;wpfOD;jzpfygonf? xdkq&mawmfBuD;onf jrefrmEdkifiHrS
&[ef;½Sifvltm;vHk;wdkU todjzpfaom vlaovljzpf usrf;BuD;udk ûypkcJh&m trsm;jynfolrsm;twGif;ü
xdkusrf;BuD;udk êudufol½SdcJhovdk rêudufEdkifolrsm;vnf; (txdkuftavsmuf) ½SdaMumif;q&mawmfrsm;
todyifjzpfygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkUrSm xdkusrf;BuD;udk Munfh½Iavhvmzl;aomfvnf;
vufcHEdkifavmufatmif em;vnfoabmaygufjcif; r½SdonfuwpfaMumif; vlaovljzpfqdkonfrSm
'ku©opöme,fwGif;rS rvGwfuif;Edkifaom oabmw&m;rsKd;jzpfonfu wpfaMumif;wdkUaMumifh urÇmYordkif;wGif
ay:ayguf½dk;jzpfaom tawG;tac:rsm;uJhodkU q&mawmfBuD;onf ol\tawG;tac:udk ynm½Sifrsm;
avhvmEdkif&ef &J0HhpGmwifjyvdkufaom 'óeusrf;pmwpfapmifjzpfonf [líom oabmxm;cJhygonf?
odkU&mwGif ,aeUtcsdefü þvlavvljzpf usrf;ESifhywfoufíyif wynfhawmfrsm;onf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\
a½SUarSmufodkU tqHk;tjzwfcH&ef a&muf½SdvmMu&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þodkU qHkjzwfjcif;rûyrD 0dedpä,cHk½kH;rS ay;tyfaom pk'dwu\ acsycGifhudk ½dk;om;pGm toHk;ûyvsuf
þodkUavQmufxm;&mü &[ef;i,fwpfyg;u rax&fBuD;rsm;tm; rav;rpm;ûyonf[k
oabmrxm;bJ ax&0g'yd#uESifhtnD rSm;rSefa0cGJí ñTefMum;qHk;ryg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u yumoeduuHudk wifjyajymqdkMuojzifh wynfhawmfrsm; ½Sif;&ef
tcGifhoifhMu&ygonf? þomoemawmfü yumoed,uH\ t&omudk pwifcHpm;cJh&aom yk*¾dKvfrSm

tpodkU
t&Sifa'0'wfyif jzpfygonf? (þae&mta&mufwGif obmywdq&mawmfBuD;u apm'u(21)csufESifh

rywfoufí yumoed,uHtaMumif; wifoGif;csufudk zwfcGifhrûyaMumif; rdefUMum;onf)/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf(5)
(OD;qE´m"du\ acsycsuf)
trSwf(5) apm'emcsufESifh ywfoufí atmufygtwdkif; aom"em tyfygonf bk&m;/
trSwf(5) apm'emcsuf acgif;pOfü twdwf tem*wf b0wdkUudk vHk;vHk;ypfy,fNyD; [laom
pum;yg½Sdygonf? bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;twdwfb0udk vufcHvdkygonf qdkygaomfvnf; vGefvmcJhNyDjzpfí
vufrcHEdkifawmhyg? ypfy,fvdkonf qdkyguvnf; ypfy,fp&m twdwfb0ponf wynfhawmfrsm;wGif
r½Sdawmhyg bk&m;? apm'uq&mawmfrsm; qdkvdk[ef½SdonfrSm twdwfb0 tem*wfb0qdkif&m t,l0g'om
jzpfvdrfhrnf xifygonf? twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 ½Sdonf[laom t,ludk ,lvQif rnfodkUaom tusKd;
jzpfxGef;rnfudk odvdkygonf? bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;onf aumif;usKd;udk &vdkolrsm; jzpfMuygonf?
twdwfb0udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;aepOf ypökKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;rS cGmvsuf twdwfb0odkU cE¨mig;yg;vHk;
wu,fa&mufoGm;Edkifygovm; bk&m;? emrfw&m;csnf;oufouf twdwfodkU jyefoGm;Edkifygovm; bk&m;?
½kyfw&m;csnf;oufouf oGm;íaum &ygovm; bk&m;? twdwftem*wfonf wynfhawmftm;
oHo,udkyGm;apygonf/
a, ar ykaAÁÁ0d,muHok? [k&H a*gwromoem/
£pömod £wd b0dówd? oAÁH wH £wd [Dwd[H/
oAÁH wH wuú0¡keH? em[ ww¬ tbd&rð/ (ck? o/ 443/)
a*gwrbk&m;\ omoemray:ao;rD a½S;tcgu tMuifq&mwdkUonf þodkUjzpfcJhNyD?
þodkUjzpfvdrfhrnf[k tuGsEkfyftm; rdrdwdkUt,ltqudk ajymMum;Muygukef\? xdkolwdkU\ tvHk;pHkaom
pum;onf xdkwqifhMum;umrQomwnf;? xdktvHk;pHkonf umr0dwuf ponfudk yGm;apEdkif\?
tuGsEkfyfonf xdkt,ltqwdkUü rESpfoufEdkifyg/
txufyg a[ruvkvif\ pum;udk axmufí twdwftem*wfqdkif&m t,l0g'onf oHo,
0dpdudpämudk yGm;aponfrSm xif½Sm;ygonf/ ¤if;tjyif bj'uokwfü -
t[aÍöaw *grPd twDwr'¨geH tm*AÇ 'ku©ó ork',Íö tw¬*FrÍö a'ao,sH? {0H
ta[mod twDwr'¨geEdå? wMw awod,m ucFg od,m 0drwd? (y) {0H b0dówd tem*wr'¨g
eEÅd? wMwmyd aw od,m ucFg od,m 0drwd? tyd pm[H *grPd £a"0 edoaEém {aw¬0 aw
edoEéó 'ku©ó ork',Íö tw¬*FrÍö a'aoómrd / (oH? 2/ 510-1/)
[k qdkxm;jyefygonf/

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
½GmolBuD; vGefavNyD;aomumvü þodkU jzpfzl;NyD[k igonf oifhtm; twdwfumvudk
taMumif;ûyí qif;&Jjcif;jzpfjcif; csKyfjcif;udk a[mjyygrl xdktwdwfumvudk taMumif;ûyí oifhtm;
,HkrSm;jzpf&m\? awG;awmrI jzpf&m\? ½GmolBuD; tem*wfumví þodkU jzpfvdrhfrnf[k igonf oifhtm;
tem*wfumvudk taMumif;ûyí qif;&Jjzpfjcif;udk csKyfjcif;udk a[mcJhygrl xdktem*wfumvüvnf; oifhtm;
,HkrSm;jzpf&m\? awG;awmrI jzpf&m\? ½GmolBuD; ppfppf igonf þae&mü xdkifaevsufyifvQif þae&mü
xdkifvsuf&Sdaom oifhtm; qif;&Jjzpfjcif; csKyfjcif;udk a[maytHh/
þae&müvnf; Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf twdwftem*wfudk taMumif;ûyí qif;&Jjzpfjcif; csKyfcsif;udk
a[mvQif ,HkrSm;jcif; ucFgESifhawG;awmjcif; 0drwdwdkUom jzpfEdkifaMumif; a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
twDwH emEkaom pEdå? eyÜZyÜEÅd em*wH/
ypöKyÜaEée ,mayEÅd? awe 0aPÖm yoD'wd/ (oH? 1? 5/)
twdwfjzpfaom vmbfudkvnf; rpdk;&drfMuukef/ tem*wfjzpfaom(vmbf)udkvnf;
rawmifhwMuukef/ ypöKyÜef&qJ(vmbf)jzifhom a&mifh&JMuukef\? xdkUaMumifh ta&tqif;onf Munfvif\
[lí qdkxm;ygonf? wrvGefjzpfaom twdwfb0ESifh tem*wfb0wdkUudkomru ,ckrsufarSmufb0üyif
twdwftem*wf vmbfvmbrsm;tay: raMumifhrMu rawmifhrwbJ ypöKyÜef&orQ vmbfvmbjzifh
rQwa&mifh&JEdkifaom &[ef;yk*¾dKvftm; Munfvif½Tifyscsrf;om&yHkudk jyqdkaeygonf? ypöKyÜefb0ü
½dk;om;jzLpifpGm usifhMuHaexdkifoltm; &½SdEdkifaom tómow&m;av;yg;udk Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf
umvmrtrsKd;om;wdkUtm; þodkUyif a[mjyawmfrlcJhygonf bk&m;/
umvmrrif;wdkU þodkU&efuif;aompdwf aMumifhMuuif;aompdwf rnpfñl;aompdwf
pifMu,faompdwf½Sdaom t&d,mwynfhtm; ,ckb0üyif axmufwnf&m av;rsKd;wdkUudk &tyfukef\/
(1) wrvGefavmuonf tu,fí ½SdtHh? ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwdkU\ tusKd;quf
tusKd;&if;onf tu,fí ½SdtHh? xdkodkU½SdcJhaomf igonf udk,fcE¨mysufpD;í aoNyD;onfrS
aemufü aumif;aomvm;&mjzpfaom ewfjynfodkU a&muf&vdrfhrnf [laom
axmufwnf&mudk &av\? þum; t&d,mwynfhtm; &tyfaom
yxraxmufwnf&maywnf;?
(2) wrvGefavmuonf tu,fí r½SdtHh? aumif;aom ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwdkU\
tusKd;quftusKd;&if;onf tu,fí r½SdtHh/ xdkodkUr½SdcJhaomf igonf rsufarSmufb0üyif
&efr½Sdaom aMumifhMur½Sdaom qif;&Jr½Sdaom csrf;omjcif;½Sdaom rdrdudk,fudk
aqmif&av\[laom axmufwnf&mudk &av\? þonfum; xdkt&d,mwynfhtm;
&tyfaom 'kwd,axmufwnf&maywnf;/

tpodkU
(3) raumif;rIudk ûycJhvQif ûyonf rnftHh? igonf wpfpHkwpfckaom raumif;rIudk tm;rxkwfcJh?

(raumif;rI) rûyaom ightm; tukodkvfuHonf tb,frSm qif;&J
awGUxdEdkifaptHhenf;[laom axmufwnf&udk &av\? þonfum; xdkt&d,mwynfhtm;
&tyfaom wwd, axmufwnf&maywnf;?
(4) raumif;rI ûyaomfvnf; ûyonf rrnfthH? xdkodkU ûyonf rrnfaomf igonf (raumif;rIudk
rûyjcif;ç ûyonf rrnfjcif;[laom) ESpfyg;pHkjzifhomvQif pifMu,faom rdrdudk,fudk
½Ijrif&ay\[laom axmufwnf&mudk &av\? þonfum; xdkt&d,mwynfhtm;
&tyfaom pwkw¬axmufwnf&maywnf;/
þ auorkwådokwfyg (tómo) w&m;av;yg;udk Munfhygu twdwfb0 tem*wfb0qdkonfrSm
vHk;0ta&;rBuD;[k qdk&efrjzpfEdkif½kHom½SdaMumif; awGU½SdEdkifygonf? Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUtwGuf þrsufarSmuf
b0ü um,'kp½dkuf? 0pD'kp½dkuf? raem'kp½dkufwdkUrS a&SmifMuOfí o'¨goDv paom
olawmfaumif;w&m;wdkUESifh jynfhpHkatmif aexdkifoGm;ygvQif xdkyk*¾dKvftwGuf wrvGef½Sdonf jzpfap?
&&Sdonfjzpfap? t½IH;r½Sd? csrf;omjcif; tjrwfom½SdaMumif; tukodkvf'kp½dkuform;twGufum;
rsufarSmufb0üyif &efvdkaompdwf aMumifhMuaompdwf npfñl;aompdwf rpifMu,faompdwf ½Sdonfjzpfí
axmufwnf&m w&m;av;yg; uif;uGmvsuf qif;&Jjcif;om; tzwfwifaMumif; jyqdkxm;ygonf bk&m;/
apm'u q&mawmfrsm;u ba'ú&wåokwfvm
twDwH eEGmuar,s? eyÜ#duacF tem*wH/
,'wDwH y[DeH wH? tyÜwåÍö tem*wH - (r? 3? 226/)
[laom *gxmudk ½Gwfvsuf avmukwå&m 0dyóemudpöESifhom oufqdkifaMumif; apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u
wifjyoGm;Muygonf bk&m;/
,'wDwH y[DeH wH? tyÜwåÍö tem*wH -
[laom ESpfyg'udk *½kûyawmfrlMuyg bk&m;/
twdwfonf ypöKyÜefr[kwfojzifh (obm0tm;jzifhyif) y,ftyfNyD[k qdkvdkygonf? y,f&rnf[k
wrifcdkif;aejcif;r[kwfyg? tem*wfonf ra&mufvmao;[k qdk&mü avmuDtem*wfjzpfap? avmukwå&m
tem*wfjzpfap? a&mufrvmao;onfudk tem*wf[kac:ygonf? avmuDtem*wf avmukwå&m
tem*wf[lí wynfhawmfpum;vHk;a0g[m& xGifaejcif;r[kwfyg bk&m;? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;
pum;udkvdkufíqdkjcif;om jzpfyg onf/
wynfhawmfonf twdwftem*wfudk taMumif;rwefjiif;qefaeonfr[kwfyg? olUumvESifh
olUtiftm;tvdkuf vufcHygonf? twdwfonf ½Sd\? tem*wfonf ypöKyÜefESifh wef;wlxm;aeMuíom
ajymqdkae&jcif; jzpfygonf? trSefrSm twdwfonf ½SdcJh\? ypöKyÜefonf ½Sd\? tem*wfonf

tpodkU
½Sdvdrfhrnf[kumvtvdkufteufESifho'´gwdusatmif cGJa0oHk;MuvQif þtwdwftem*wfjyóemonf

½Sif;oGm;vdrfhrnf xifygonf bk&m;/
jzpf&yfaygif;rsm;pGmwdkUonf jzpfcJhMuí jzpf&yfaygif;rsm;pGmwdkUonf ysufMuvdrfhrnfqdkaom
jzpfysufpOfBuD;udk rnfolrSvnf; rjiif;Edkifyg? odkU&mwGif jzpfqJtajctaeonfum; ,if;
twdwftem*wfwdkUxuf rsm;pGmyifta&;BuD;aMumif; okwfaxmufokwfudk;jzifh wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf/

30.6.81 &ufaeU þ0denf;"dk&fcHk½kH;wGif wynfhawmfrsm; y&dwf½GwfMuygaMumif;
avQmufxm;cJhygonf bk&m;? odkU&mwGif tcsdefaphoGm;ygojzifhqufvufavQmufxm;jcif; rûyEdkifcJhygbk&m;?
xdkpOfu avQmufxm;&ef usef½Sdaeonfrsm;udkavQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;/
wynhfawmfrsm; y&dwf½GwfonfqdkonfrSm oHCmawmfcsif; omr*D¾jzpfonfudk jy&efvnf;aumif;?
tcrf;tem; ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk todtrSwfûyonfhtaejzifhvnf;aumif;? emMum;olwdkU pdwfMunfEl;ap&ef
vnf;aumif;? txl;ojzifh 'ku©at;Nidrf;a&;udk taxmuftyHh jzpfap&eftwGufvnf;aumif;
y&dwf½Gwfqdkjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
wEÅ&? rEÅ& qefqef zkwf? Nydwåm? wapä? ol&JwdkU\ ab;&efudk umuG,f&ef? rdk;½Gmap&ef?
rD;wm;ap&ef? vmbfoyfyum½Tifap&ef paom &nf½G,fcsufrsm; rygMuyg bk&m;? ,if;tcsufrsm;onf
Ak'¨½Sifawmf\ &nf½G,fcsufudk vTJz,f&m usEdkifygonf bk&m;/
]]okp&dwH p&EdÅ} aumif;aom tusifhudk usifhMuukef\[k a[mawmfrlaom Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\
pum;awmfudk OD;xdyfxuf yefqifaejcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
aemufwpfcsuf avQmufxm;vdkonfrSm apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u wapäol&JEdkifrEÅef a>rEdkifrEÅef
ponfwdkUudkyif Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfu oif,lcGifhûyaMumif; 0daooapm'emwGif wifoGif;azmfjyoGm;Muygonf/
t|uxmpum;udk rSm;onf[k wynfhawmfrsm; rqdkvdkyg bk&m;/
odkU&mwGif oDvu©efygVdawmf omrnzvokwf r[moDvcef; yxrtydk'fü a>rtwwf
tqdyftwwf uif;NrD;aumuftwwfwdkUonf &[ef;awmfrsm; roifaumif; rvkyfaumif;aom
rdpämZD0w&m;rsm;om jzpfaMumif;rdefUqdkxm;ygonf bk&m;/
r[moDvcef; wpfae&mwGifvnf;-
,xm 0g yaeau abmaEÅm oraPjAm[®Pm o'¨ga',smed abmZemed bkOdÆwGm aw
{0½lyg, wd&päme0dZÆm, rdpämZDa0e ZD0dwH uayÜEdÅ? ao,sxd'H oEdÅurH® yPd"dur®H blwurH®/
('D?1?65?66/)

tpodkU
xdkUaMumifhvnf; wpfcsKdUaom orPjA[®PwdkUonf ,HkMunfí vªaom oHk;aqmifzG,fwdkUudk

oHk;aqmifMuNyD;vQif rSm;aom toufarG;rIjzpfukefaom þodkUaom zDvmjzpfukefaom twwfwdkUjzifh
toufarG;Muukef\/
þonfwdkUonfum; tb,fenf;? ewfudk;jcif;ç awmif;qkûyí ewfylaZmfjcif;ç
zkwfwapätwwfwdkUudk avhusifhjcif;[k qdkxm;ygonf bk&m;? rdpämZD0rsm;udk or®mtmZD0 xifrSwfaeMuvQif
y&dwftusKd;&rnfxuf omoemwGif;ü vljzpfusKd;½IH;rnfudk ydkí aMumufoifhygonf t½Sifoljrwfrsm;
bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf (14)

ao,sxmyd 0gao| t,H tpd&0wD e'D yl&m O'uó orwdwd¬um umuay,sm?
txyk&daom tm*apä,s yg&wd¬aum yg&*grD yg&*a0oD yg&H w&dwkumarm? aom Mo&dar
wDa&Xdawm yg&drH wD&H ta0S,s ]]{[d yg&myg&H {[d yg&myg&}EÅd/ ('D?1?230/)
0gao| þtpd&0wDjrpfonf urf;rSmem;í usD;aomufEdkifavmufatmif urf;ESifhtnD a&jynfhvsuf
&Sd\/ xdktcg wpfbufurf;odkU oGm;vdk qdkufvdk a&mufvdk ul;ajrmufvdkaom a,mufsm;onf vm&m\/
xdka,mufsm;onf þrSmbufurf;ü &yfvsuf ]]a[...[dkbufurf;onf bufurf;odkU vmcJhavmh}
wHuð rnod 0gao| tyd Ek wó yk&doó t0Sg,ea[wk yw¬ea[wk 0g tbdeEéa[wk 0g
tpd&0wd,m e'd,m yg&drH wD&H Mo&drH wD&H tm*apä,smwd/ aem [d'H abm a*gwr/ ('D?1?230/)
0gao| xdkt&mudk b,fodkU xifoenf;? xdka,mufsm;\ ac:jcif;taMumif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;?
awmif;yefjcif; taMumif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? tvdk½Sdjcif; taMumif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; tpd&0wDjrpf\
[dkrSmbufurf;onf þrSm bufurf;odkU vm&moavm? t½Sifa*gwr rvm&myg/
txufyg oDvu©efygVdawmf aw0dZÆokwfvm qkawmif;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí ay;xm;aom OyrmrSm
tvGefjynhfpHkygonf bk&m;? jrpfwpfbufurf;rS&yfvsuf vHkUvOóm[udkrxkwfbJ [dkbufurf;udk
vSrf;ac:½kHjzifh ra&mufEdkifaMumif; Oyrmaumif;aumif;ay;xm;ygonf bk&m;/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm; qkawmif;qkay; rvkyfonfudkyif tjypfwpfckuJhodkU
jrifae[ef wlygonf? wynfhawmfrsm;onf olwyg;\ qkawmif;qkay;vkyfonfudk wm;jrpfydwfyifjcif;
r½Sdyg? qkawmif;qkay; rvkyfjcif;twGuf rnfonfhodu©myk'fESifh NidpGef;onf[lí rodrdyg/
wpfcgw&H qGrf;pm;yifhí oDvay;&rnfh tcgESifh êuHvQif ]]rdrdwdkU tv½k&Sdtyf awmihfwtyfaom
qktaygif;ESifh jynhfpHkatmif rdrdwdkU udk,fwdkifêud;pm; tm;xkwfEdkifMuonf jzpfap}}[lí qkay;½dk; ½Sdygonf
bk&m;? ¤if;qkay;enf; rSm;vQif ûyjyifay;awmfrlMuyg bk&m;/
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf ZD0uESifh 0domcgwdkUtm; qkay;onfudk 0denf;r[m0gü awGU&ygonf?
odkU&mwGif Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf ay;aomqkrSm tjcm;yk*d¾Kvfrsm; ay;aomqkrsm;ESifh wlrnfrxifyg? ,Íö baEÅ
uyÜwd? ,Íö te0ZÆH -[laom pum;t& ]]tyfpyfaomqk tjypfr½Sdaomqk}}[k qdkygonf/
ZD0uawmif;aom qkrSm *[ywdpD0&udk &[ef;rsm;tm; vª'gef;cGifhûy&efjzpfonf? qkawmif;olu
qkay;rnfh yk*d¾KvfxHwGif cGifhwpfckawmif;jcif;udkaxmufí qkawmif;jcif;qdkonfrSm umr*kPftm½kHig;yg;udk
arQmfvifhawmifhwí umrig;rsKd;udk &vdkaMumif; awmif;qdkjcif; r[kwfonfudk awGU&onf/
tqif; toH teHU t&om tawGU[laom tm½kHig;rsKd;udk &vdkaMumif; qkawmif;vQif
tuydÜ,om0ZÆqk (0g)rtyfaom tjypf½Sdaom qk[k qdkaumif;qdkEdkifaumif;rnf xifygonf? taMumif;rSm

tpodkU
pGefUvTwfvª'gef;&ef tcGifhawmif;jcif;udk tyfaom tjypfuif;aom qk[k qdkxm;&m &,l&efodrf;ydkuf&ef

pGJ,l&ef qkawmif;rIudk tb,fodkU qdkEdkifrnfudk qufvufpOf;pm;Edkifygonf/
omoemh0efxrf; ½Sif&[ef;wdkUonf tuydÜ,om0ZÆqkrsKd;udk ray;rd&ef txl;owdûyoifhygonf?
]]a,m bdu©a0 ½lyH tbdeE´wd? 'ku©H aom tbdeE´wd}}[laom a'oemawmfrSm ½kyfudk ESpfoufpGJvrf;olrSm
'ku©udk ESpfoufpGJvrf;jcif; jzpf\/ xdkUtwl a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPwdkUudk ESpfoufpGJvrf;yguvnf;
'ku©udk ESpfoufonf rnfygonf? 'ku©uif;jywfa&;udk usifh&rnfh Ak'ömoemawmfü 'ku©odkU ydkUwwfaom
qkay;rsKd; qkawmif;rsKd;udk ay;vdkuf awmif;vdkufvkyfjcif;onf Ak'¨tqHk;trawmfESifh rqefUusif[k qdk&ef
cufcJvSygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (21)
obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmft½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;? bk&m;wynfhawmf
av;jrwfpGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emcsufrsm;teuf bk&m;wynfhawmfESifh wdkuf½dkufoufqdkifaom
apm'emcsuftrSwf (21)udk avQmufxm; aqG;aEG;cGifhûyyg bk&m;-
0dedpä,cHk½kH;tzGifhaeUu ]]"ar®m obma0 y&d,wdå ynm} ponfjzifh a[meufaygif; rsm;pGm½Sdonfh
"r®o'´g ESifh ywfoufí obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u y&d,wdåwnf;[laom ax&0g'*dkPf;oHk;
ygVdt|uxm ponfrsm;jzpfaMumif; zGifhqdkawmfrlcJhygonf bk&m;? xdktzGifhrdefUcGef;tydk'f (6)üyif
tm*robm0,kwdåwdkUwGif obm0,kwdåudk cGifhûyawmfrlojzifh bk&m;wynfhawmf txl;yif
auseyftm;&rdygonf bk&m;/
0de,yd#uyg usefck'úedum,f0ifusrf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí pwkw¬oH*g,em teD;w0dkufodkU
wynfhawmf\ xifjrifcsufudk ydkUay;olrSm t½SifAk'äCmojzpfygonf bk&m;/
tbd"r®yd#uESifh ywfoufí tenf;i,f½Sif;yg&ap bk&m;? t½SifAk'äCmo\
t|omvdeDt|uxm ed'gef;ü tbd"r®mckESpfusrf;ESifh ywfoufaom jiif;cHkyGJwpfckudk awGUEdkifygonf?
t|omvdeD t|uxm pmrsufESm (4)/
,if;jiif;cHkyGJü 0dw@0g'Drsm;u uxm0w¬Konf om0ua[mjzpfí tbd"r®musrf;rsm;rS
y,fpGefU&efawmif;qdkMuygonf? uð ye qyÜu&Pmed tbd"ar®m = tbd"r®monf ajcmufusrf;om
jzpf&rnfavm[k tjcm;&[ef;awmfrsm;u qdkMu&m 0dw@0g'DwdkUu r[m"r®[',? xdkUaemuf
r[m"mwkuxmusrf;ESpfusrf;udk wifjyonfqdkygonf? odkU&mwGif xdkESpfusrf;wGif r[m"r®[',usrf;rSm
ESpfck oHk;ckrQaom yO§m0g'om usefawmhjcif;ç r[m"mwkuxmrSm tenf;i,frQaom tpOfavmufom
usefawmhjcif;wdkUaMumifh tbd"r®musrf;rsm; pm&if;wGif r0ifEdkifcJhMuyg? xdkUaMumifh uxm0w¬Kem0 o'd¨H
owåmwd = uxm0w¬KESifhom ckESpfusrf;jzpfcJhonf[k qdkxm;ygonf/
xdkpOfu r[m"r®[',ESifh r[m"mwkuxmusrf;BuD;rsm;rSm wpfusrf;usrf;om tjynfhtpHk
½SdcJhygvQif uxm0w¬K\ tajctaeonf wpfrsKd;wpfzHk jzpfEdkifaMumif; aqG;aEG;&ygonf bk&m;/
xdkUtjyif tbd"r®monf ckESpfusrf;½Sd&rnf[laom owfrSwfcsufwpf&yf ½SdaeonfrSm
oAÁwd¬0g'*dkPf;oHk; tbd"r®mckESpfusrf;udk tm;usaejcif;vm;[k oHo,0ifrdygonf/
r[m"r®[',ESifh r[m"mwkuxmusrf;wdkUrSm wpfydkif;wpfp<uif;usef aeMuao;onfudk
axmufu tm*Hkacwfr[kwfawmh? ]]pmaya&;acwf}} xGef;um;aeNyDudk odEdkifygonf/
arm*¾vdykwåwdóaw¬a&aewH XydwHü XydwH [laom yk'fonf wwd, oH*g,em wifNyD;csdefudk
ñTefjyaeygonf/

tpodkU
wynfhawmfonf tbd"r®mckESpfusrf; twnfjzpfcsdefudkom aqG;aEG;aejcif;jzpfí

tbd"r®musrf;rsm;\ av;eufrIudk ayghysufatmif vkyfaejcif; r[kwfyg? rmwdum "mwkuxm ,rdkuf
y|mef;wdkUudk oifMum;cJhzl;í tbd"r®ma'oem\ qef;jym;aom aMumif;usKd;qufpyfrIudk &dyfpm;rdygonf
bk&m;/
ck'úedum,fESifh ywfoufí qufvufwifjyyg&ap bk&m;? oDvu©eft|uxmwGif 'DCedum,f
rZdösredum,f oH,kwåedum,f t*Fkwå&edum,fBuD;wdkUudk om0uBuD;rsm; cGJa0wm0efcsxm;NyD;aemuf
"r®o*FPD 0dbif; "mwkuxm yk*¾vynwf uxm0w¬K ,rdkuf y|mef;wdkUudk tbd"r®mac:qdktyfaMumif;
ig;&maom &[EÅmBuD;rsm; ½GwfqdkMuaMumif; zGifhqdkNyD;-
wawm y&H ZmwuH eda'áom y#dordÇ'gra*¾g ty'geH okwåedygawm ck'úygaXm "r®y'H
O'geH £wd0kwåuH 0drme0w¬K ayw0w¦K ax&*gxm ax&D*gxmwd £rH wEÅðo*Fg,dwGm
]]ck'ú*aE¦m emrm,} EdÅ p 0wGm ]]tbd"r®yd#uoð®a,0 o*F[H tma&my,ðol} wd 'DCbmPum
0'EdÅ ('D? |? 1? 15/)-
[k qdkaomaMumifh
'DCbmPu&[ef;awmfwdkU\ tvdkt& ck'ú*E¦onf (13)usrf;&Sdí xdk (13)usrf;udk
tbd"r®myd#uüoGif;vsuf oH*g,emwifMuonfqdkojzifh tbd"r®musrf;aygif; (20)rQ &Sdonf[k
qdk&ma&mufygonf/
rZÑdrbmPu &[ef;awmfrsm;u txufyg (13)usrf;wGif p&d,my#duESifh Ak'¨0HowdkUudk xnfhí
ck'ú*E¦udk (15)usrf;[k qdkMuygonf? ¤if;wdkUu okwåefyd#uodkU oGif;Muygonf/
yxroH*g,emwif &[EÅmrax&fBuD; ig;&mwdkUudk wpfzGJUESifh wpfzGJU t,ltqrwlMuí pGyfpGJ&ef
r0Hhojzifh ck'ú*E¦rsm;\ yd#upm&if;0if&efacwfudk ykxkZOf&[ef;awmfrsm; acwfwGifom
owfrSwfoifhonf[k xifygaMumif; bk&m;/
odkU&mwGif okwåedygwfuJhodkUaomusrf;rsm;rSm tjcm;aom edum,fBuD;rsm;ESifh acwfcsif;
ûydifEdkifavmufatmif a½S;usaMumif; okawoDynm½Sifrsm;u a&;om;Muygonf bk&m;/
ESpfwpf&mcefUu tjzpftysufrsm;udkyif wduspGmqdk&ef cJ,Of;vSygonf? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu
ay:aygufcJhaom yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí wynfhawmf\ xifjrifcsufrsm;udk rSef&rnf[k wduspGm
rqdkEdkifyg bk&m;? 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfBuD;rsm;uom rSefonfrSm;onfudk tqHk;tjzwfûyawmfrlMuyg bk&m;/
t½SifqE´m"du
ewfrSDawm&
awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU

tpodkU

ocifNrwfqdkif\ acsyvTm
ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsyvTmed'gef;
ocifjrwfqdkif\ aom"em trSwf (1)
OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkUonf bmomrJh ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
ocifjrwfqdkif\ aom"emtrSwf (2)
vlaovljzpf[lí pdwful;ayguf&m vdkufvHa[majym a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
(31)bHkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; vufrcH[lí rSm;,Gif;pGm a&;om;a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
Ak'¨bmom\ tajccHjzpfaom uH-uH\ tusdK;w&m;ü ouf0if,HkMunfrI ysufpD;atmif
zsufqD;aeMujcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
a&;om; a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí tay:apm'emcsuf aom"emcsuf
ocifjrwfqdkif\ aom"em trSwf(6)
av[ef rSm;,Gif;pGm ajymqdka0zefjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk xdyg;apvsuf Ak'ömoem ysufpD;&mysufpD;aMumif; a[majym
a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
vkyfcJhjcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh usrf;*eftaxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh xyfrHapm'emaom apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf

tpodkU

oHCmawmfudk apmfum;rI ûyjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
y&dwf[k ac:qdkaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk r½Gwf aumif;[kqdkNyD; y&dwf½GwfrIudk qefUusifí Ak'¨bmom
q&mpOfquf vdkufemusifhoHk;cJhaom vrf;pOfudk zsufqD;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdU txGwftjrwfxm;í qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&m jzpfaom "mwfawmf arGawmf
apwDykxdk; ½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;udk ylaZmforIûy&mü Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; o'¨gw&m; ysufjym;atmif
rawmfrw&m; apmfum;armfum; a&;om; ajyma[mjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
ocifjrwfqdkif\ aomemtrSwf (13)
"avhxkH;pHrsm;udk tvkdqkd;jzifh tjrpfrSvSefvsuf wl;ûzdzsufqD;aejcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
aom"emcsuf
Oyg'ge paom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf a0g[m& pum;vHk;rsm;\ teuft"dyÜg,frSefudk ypfy,fjyD;
udk,fxifovdk teuft"dyÜg,f aumufvsuf a[majyma&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
jyifqifzGifhqdk a&;om;jcif; apm'emqdkif&m apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
ocifjrwfqdkif\ aom"em trSwf(17)
pyfvsOf;í apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf

tpodkU

twåaemrwd- rdrdxif&majymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[m jzpfav[ef
vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifhywfoufí apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
ywfoufonfh apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
aom"em trSwf (20-21) racsyvdk

tpodkU
ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsyvTmed'gef;
vlaovljzpf "r®0de,0dedpä,twGuf aom"emwifoGif;vTmyg bk&m;-
ed'gef;pum;udk wynfhawmf ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/ ,ck wynfhawmf
wifjyavQmufxm;csufrsm;rSm ax&0g'yd#uwfawmf q|oH*g,emygVdawmf jrefrmjyefrsm;rS wdkuf½dkuf
ul;,lavQmufxm;csufrsm;om jzpfygaMumif;yg bk&m;? þodkU avQmufxm;&mü yd#uwfawmf
tqdktrdefUrsm;rSvGJí tjyifpum;udkvnf;aumif;? awG;qcsuf[lí vnf;aumif; ryg½Sdyg bk&m;? odkU&mwGif
tcsdeftuefUtowft& tcsKdUaomokwfrsm;udk tenf;i,fcsKH;í vdk&if;rQudkom avQmufxm;&ygonf
bk&m;? tus,fudkrl q&mawmfrsm; od½SdawmfrlMuNyD;jzpfrnf[k ,HkMunfygonf bk&m;? oHo,½SdvQif
wynfhawmf&nfñTef;avQmufxm;csuf ygVdyd#uwfawmf pmrsufESmrsm;ü jyefvnf½IrSwfawmf
rlMu&efjzpfygonf bk&m;-
txl; avQmufxm;vdkonfrSm wynfhawmf þ"r®t"r®0dedpä,½kH;awmfodkU 0ifa&muf
avQmufxm;&jcif;rSm tEdkift½IH;[laom oabmrsKd;[lí vHk;0r&nf½G,fyg bk&m;? &nf½G,f&ef
owåd½Sdolvnf;r[kwfyg bk&m;? t½SifjrwfwdkU z0g;atmuf zkefrIefUavmufrQ r,SOf0hHyg bk&m;?
avQmufxm;&ef vdk&if;rSm ]]wynfhawmf\ q&mESifh t,ltqydkif;qdkif&mwdkU\ trSm; trSefudk
od&ef}}[laom &nf½G,fcsufjzifh þ0dedpä,tzGJU\ tqHk;tjzwfudk cH,l&ef q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\
a½SUarSmufodkUvma&mufum odorQ wifjytppfcHjcif;rQom[k odrSwfawmfrlMuyg&ef av;pm;pGm
þodkU wifjyavQmufxm;&mü ykxkZOfwdkUü½Sdaom 'dG[p½dkuftwdkif; trSm;trSef[laom tcsufrsm;
a&maxG;wwfonfhoabm ruif;yg bk&m;/
a½S;,cifu trftm&fat\ ausmif;xdkiftzGJUOD;aqmifaom tqHk;tjzwfrSm wpfzufowf
qHk;jzwfcsufjzpfonfhtavsmuf wynfhawmfrsm; rcH,lcJh&yg bk&m;/
,ckonfum; oDv*kPf orm"d*kPfESifhwuG y&d,wdåy&drmru*kPf jynfhpHkawmfrlMuaom
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm; jzpfawmfrlMuí wynfhawmf 0rf;ajrmufpGmcH,l&rnf jzpfygonf bk&m;?
þodkUjzpfay:vmap&ef pkpnf;apmifha½SmufcJhaom EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm;vnf; aus;Zl;Oyum&wif&aMumif;yg
bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh wynfhawmf þ0dedpä,½kH;awmfa½SUarSmuf vma&mufavQmufxm;orQudk
tEdkift½IH;oabmjzifh ½IrSwfawmfrrlMubJ trSm;trSefudkom a½SU½I oHk;oyfay;awmfrl&efudk
emcHrSwfom;rnfomjzpfaMumif; êudwifavQmufxm;ygonf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;/
omoemawmf oefU½Sif;wnfwHhjyefUyGm;a&;udk OD;wnfí ½dkaopGmemcHrnf jzpfaMumif;yg bk&m;/
wynfhawmfocifjrwfqdkifyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf (1)

(ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf)
vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh ywfoufí ½Sif;vif;wifjycsuf aom"emyg bk&m;-
apm'embufrS &[ef;awmfrsm;wifjycsufESifh ywfoufí trSwf (1)udk ½Sif;vif;acsyygonf?
atmufygacsycsufrsm;Esifh ywfoufí yd#uwfawmf udk;um;csufrsm;rSm q|rljzifh a&;om;aom
jrefrmjyefrsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;? bmom [laom pum;ESifh omoem[laom pum; ESpfrsKd;½Sd&mü
omoemudkom vufcHí bmomudk y,faMumif;rSefygonf bk&m;? þpum;ESpf&yfudk ½Sif;vif;ygrnf?
omoemrSmrlv Ak'¨½Sif\ ñTefjycsuf oGefoifcsufudkom qdkvdkygonf/
bmomqdkaom pum;rSm xm0&bk&m;t,lrS qif;oufvmaom twå0g'tajccHjzpfí
omoem0iftaejzifh vufrcHyg bk&m;? xdkbmomqdkaom a0g[m&onfvnf; jrefrmhordkif;wGif
bBuD;awmfaemuf om,m0wDrif;vufxufrS ac:cJhaom pum;vHk;jzpfonf[k c&pf,mef
omoemûyq&m,k'oef (ac:)tbd"mefwGif awGU½Sd&ygonf bk&m;/
,ckvuf½Sd bmomqdkonfrSmum; Ak'ä[m jA[®Pa[m a0'a[m ta[m oHk;rsKd; pkaygif;um
tm;vHk; yd#uwfwGif yg0ifaeaom tqdktrdefUrsm; jzpfMuygonf bk&m;? oHo&mrS vnfapwwfaom
w&m;rsm;jzifh ½IyfaxG;aeygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh bmom[laom t,ludk vufrcHyg? omoemwnf;[laom oHo&m0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS
vGwfajrmuf&m 'ku©Nidrf;&m udavomukefcef;&m w&m;rsm;udkom vufcHygonf bk&m;? om"utm;jzifh
atmufyg t*FkwdåK&f {u'ouedygwf? wa,m"r®okwf (368)udk udk;um;wifjyygonf bk&m;/
þavmuü Zmwd? Z&m? r&P [laom þw&m;oHk;rsKd; ½SdaeíomvQif igonf Ak'¨[lí
yGifhay:cJh&onf? þw&m;oHk;rsdK;udk vGefajrmufíomvQif ig\ "r®0de,wdkUxGef;awmufcJh&onf?
þw&m;oHk;rsdK;omr½Sdygu igonf Ak'¨[lí avmuü yGifhay:&ef r½Sday/
þum; omoemawmf\ Zmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P [laom oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufNidrf;a&;tppf
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
aemufwpfzef Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifonf oHo&mudk rvnfrdap&ef edAÁmeftm; wdkuf½dkufñTefjyawmfrlygonf
bk&m;/ taxmuftxm; om"utm;jzifh atmufyg udk;um;csufudk wifjyygonf bk&m;/ r[m0*¾oH,kwf
tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmeokwf (25)wGif-
&[ef;wdkU omoemtjyifrS y&dAdkZfwdkUu oifwdkU tb,ftwGuf Ak'ä*gwrxHü
usifhoHk;Muoenf;[k ar;Muaomf igh½SifwdkU taMumif;uif;aom edAÁmeftvdkUiSm Ak'¨jrwfpGmxHawmfü
jrwfaom tusifhudk usifhoHk; Muygonf[k ajzMuavmh/

tpodkU
,if;okwf\ tqdkudkaxmufu Ak'önf edAÁmefudkom wnfhwnfh ñTefjyaMumif; xif½Sm;ygonf

bk&m;/
xdkUaemufwpfzef þodkU rdefUqdkjyefygonf bk&m;? rlvyPÖmo r[moma&myrokwf (259)wGif-
&[ef;wdkU þomoemawmfonf vmbfoyfyum& tausmftapm½SdrItwGuf r[kwf? orm"d
[laom tusKd;½SdrItwGuf r[kwf? oDv[laom tusKd;½SdrItwGuf r[kwf? þomoemawmfonf 'ku©rS
vGwfajrmufrItwGufomvQif jzpfonf? þonfyif tESpftom;wnf;? þonfyif tqHk;yef;wdkifwnf;-
[k a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh wynfhawmfrsm;onf oHo&mwpfcGif vnfapwwfaom
bmomudk y,fí oHo&mrS vGwfajrmuf&mjzpfonfh omoemudk vufcHygonf bk&m;/
]]bmom}}udk t,loabmjzifhom wynfhawmfwdkU owfrSwfygonf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh t,ludk
Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwdkify,fcJhaMumif; atmufygokwfrsm;t& aumufEkwfwifjyygonf bk&m;/
rZdösryPÖmoygVdawmf t*d¾0päokwf (163)wGif-
igonf t,l[laom þpum;udk y,fNyD;NyD? cE¨mig;yg;\ csKyfjcif; csKyfaMumif;udk odNyD;NyD? ig[lí
xifrSwfpGJvrf;jcif;r½Sd? w&m;tm;vHk;udk vGwfNyD;NyD[k a[mxm;awmfrl\/
xdkUaemuf rlvyPÖmo oav’cokwf (60) wGif ]]t,lrSefu rdrd\ t,ludkyg wpfzefjyefvnfí
pGefUvTwfavmh? þum; at;Nidrf;&ef jzpf\}}[k þokwfwGif (16)BudrfrQ yg½Sdygonf bk&m;/
«þpmydk'fta&mufwGif oHo,½Sdí ½kH;awmfrSatmufygtwdkif;ar;jref;onf/»
oav’cokwfESihf ywfoufí ar;jcif;

rSwfcsuf/ / ocifjrwfqdkifutrSwf (1) apm'emudk ½Sif;vif;acsy&mü rlvyPÖmo oav’cokwfudk
udk;um;í wifjy&mwGif ocifjrwfqdkif\ wifjycsuf rSm;aeaomaMumifh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u
pmtkyfjyí vufawGUar;jref;Muonf/
OD;Óedu (tzGJU0if) -'umBuD;udk;wJh tJ'Djrefrmjyefudk jyapcsifygw,f? tJ'Djrefrmjyef[m 'Dtwdkif;[kwfrnf
rxif? bkef;BuD;wdkUpdwfxJ oHo,½Sdaeygw,f/
ocifjrwfqdkif-wifygh? Pmtkyf½Sdygovm; bk&m;/
OD;Óedu-½Sdygw,f? 'umwpfa,muf 'Dbufvm? pmtkyf,lNyD; jyvdkufprf;/
«0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u rlvyPÖmo pmtkyfudkay;í ocifjrwfqdkiftm; vufawGU½Smcdkif;\/?
oav’cokwf\ qdkvdkcsufonf ocifjrwfqdkif udk;onfhtwdkif; r[kwfonfudk awGU&aomaMumifh
ocifjrwfqdkifu atmufygtwdkif; avQmufxm;onf/»
ocifjrwfqdkif-tifrwefwdusatmifvdkU êud;pm;wmygyJ bk&m;? rsufpduvnf;raumif;bl;? ,ckvdk trSm;ukd
axmufjywJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifaMumif;yg bk&m;/ (8? 7? 81aeUtoHzrf;êud;acGrS)

tpodkU
rZdösryPÖmo 'DCecokwf (176)wGif-

t,ltm;vHk;udk igrESpfouf[k qdkavh½Sdol? t,ltm;vHk;udk ESpfoufol? t,ltcsKdUudk ESpfoufol?
tcsKdUudk rESpfoufol-[lí oHk;rsKd; ½Sd\/ þtxJü t,ltm;vHk;udk rESpfoufolomvQif oHa,mZOfukef&m?
wPSmukef&m? udavomNidrf;&m eD;pyf&meD;pyf\[k a[monf? qdkvdk&if;udk twdkcsKyfazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf
bk&m;/ tus,fudk rlvokwfwGifMunfh½Iawmfrlyg bk&m;/
¤if;aemuf Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf omr*grokwf (36)wGif-
]]tmeE´m......tMuif&[ef;onf aus;Zl;udk acszsufavh ½Sd\/ *kPfûydifavh ½Sd\/ 0efwdkavh ½Sd\/
wm0efudk aqmifwwf\/ vSnfhywfwwf\/ ,kwfnhHaom tvdkqdk; ½Sd\/ rdrd\ t,lom rSef\[k
pGJjrJpGm,lavh ½Sd\/ xdkt,ludk pGefUEdkifcJ\/ xdk&[ef;onf odu©moHk;yg;udk rusifhaom &[ef;wnf;?
xdkUaMumifh wynfhawmfrsm;onf bmomudkvnf; pGefUonf? t,ludkvnf; ]]y,fpGefUygonf bk&m;?
wpfenf;qdkaomf-apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyaom bmomrJhqdkonfrSmvnf;[kwfygonf bk&m;?
½kyf0g'Dorm;rsm; qdkonfrSmvnf; rSefygonf bk&m;? ½kyfqdk&mwGifoHk;rsKd;aom ½kyf\ oabmvu©Pmudk
Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;xm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf bk&m;? ¤if;wdkUrSm 'DCedum,f? ygxdu0*f od*FDwdokwf
(202)ü -
(1) jrif& xdawGU&aom½kyf?
(2) rjrif& rxdawGU&aom½kyf?
(3) rjrif& xdawGUí r&aom½kyf-þoHk;rsKd;wdkUudk a[mygonf/
¤if;aemuft*kFwdåK&f? {uedygwf? trw0*fESifh um,*wmowd0*f (54)wdkYwGif-
]]&[ef;wdkU...tMuifolwdkUonf qH tp½Sdaom ½kyftaygif;ü atmufarhjcif; um,*wmowdudk
oHk;aqmifukef\/ xdkolwdkUonf tûrdufedAÁmefudk oHk;aqmifonf rnfukef\}}[k rdefUawmfrl\/ ¤if;aemuf
pmrsufESm (56)wGif - ]]&[ef;wdkU ...wpfckaom w&m;udk yGm;rsm;tyf? tzefzefavhvmrIûytyfonf½Sdaomf
aomwmywdåzdkvfudk rsufarSmufûyjcif;iSm jzpf\/ tem*grdzdkvfudk rsufarSmufûyjcif;iSm jzpf\/
t&[wåzdkvfudk rsufarSmufûyjcif;iSm jzpf\/ wpfckaom w&m;[lonftb,fenf;[lrl-qH tp½Sdaom
½kyftaygif;ü atmufarhjcif; um,*wmowdyifwnf;}}[lí yg½Sdygonf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh
wynfhawmfrsm;onf Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;awmfrlaom ½kyfw&m;ESifhtnD q|rl jrefrmjyef
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a&muf\/

txufyg tm,weenf;rsm;udk y#dpöorkyÜg'fenf;wGif waygif;wnf; zGifhqdkwifjyoGm;rnf
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
y#dpöorkyÜg'fenf;
t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m? ocFg&ypö,m 0dnmPHrS pí 12-qufaom uGif;quf ½Sdonf? oHo&mwGif
usifvnforQ\ taMumif;&if;rsm;aywnf;? Zmwd Z&m r&PwdkUudk tzefwvJJvJjzpfay:apaom
tajccHw&m;wdkUaywnf;/
þwGif vlaovljzpfzG,f wPSm Oyg'gef Oy'geypö,m ba0g? b0 ypö,m Zmwd [laom
tydkif;omvQif vdk&if; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
yd#uwfawmf udk;um;csufrsm;rSm-
&[ef;wdkU jzpfNyD;jzpfqJ owå0gwdkU wnfwhHa&; taxmuftyHhum; tm[m& 4-rsKd; ½Sd\/
tvkyftauR;ûyí pm;&aom uAVDum&tm[m&? xdawGUrIü rSwfom;aom zóm[m&?
pOf;pm;awG;awmaom raemoaÍöwem[m&? txl;odrIrQ 0dnmPtm[m& þav;yg;wdkUwnf;?
xdktm[m&av;yg;wdkUudk uyfNidrIESifh ESpfoufrI? umr&m*? txl;odrI 0dnmP tm[m&? ESpfoufrI eED´?
wyfpGef;rI? (NidwG,frI)wPSm&SdcJhrI pu©Kpaom 0dnmP wnfjcif;odkU a&muf\/ xdktcg (ûypD&ifrI)ocFg&wdkU
jzpfyGm;\/
(ed'geoH,kwf twdå&myokwf 311-312-rS tqdkygbk&m;)
ed'ge0*¾ ed'geokwf 304-wGifvnf;-
wd&pämefESifh vlonf þtm[m& 4-rsKd; wdkUü têudufcsif; rwlnDonfh tavsmuf Oyg'gef
jzpfay:yHk rsm;pGmuGJjym; jcm;em;Muygonf bk&m;/
þtm[m&wdkUudk rSDí jzpfay:vmaom Oyg'gefwdkUonfvnf; rwlnDMuyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
tmeE´m-awblr uw&m; (jrifawGUMum;odorQ)wdkUü om,mzG,f½Sdaeoltm; wyfrufjcif;

(NidwG,frI wPSmonfyGm;\ ) wPSmBuD; yGm;aomf Oyg'gef jzpf\/ Oyg'gef taMumif;aMumifh b0[lonf
jzpf&\[k a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
þodkU jrifawGUMum;od&orQwdkUü tm[m& uGJjym;jcm;em;ae&orQ wd&pämef\ Oyg'gefESifh
vlOyg'gef uyfNidyHkjcif; rwlaMumif; wifjy&ygonf bk&m;/
odkU&mwGif Oyg'gefav;rsKd; ½Sdonfhteuf twå0g'kyg'gef[lonfrSm wd&pämef\ udk,fudkpGJvrf;&mü
tarT;tawmif tNrD; av;bufaxmuf t0wfryg Avmudk,fwnf; olUyifudkobm0 udk,fcE¨mudkom
pGJMuygonf? vlu pGJaom twå0g'kyg'gefrSmrl pum;ajymjcif;ç ESD;aESmjcif;ç &,fjcif;ç idkjcif;ç
tawG;tac:0ifjcif;ç t0wftqifwefqmudkomvQif vl\ twå0g'kyg'gef tjzpfpGJvrf;Muygonf bk&m;/
cE¨0*f ax&0*f tmeEókwf 82-rS wifjyygrnf bk&m;/
]]tmeE´m....Oyrmaomfum; wefqmqifjcif; oabm½Sdaom i,f½G,fEkysKdol rdef;ri,fonf
vnf;aumif;? a,mufsm;i,fonfvnf;aumif;? pifMu,faom aMu;rHkjyif jzpfap? a&ü jzpfap rdrd
rsufESm&dyfudk Munfh½Iaomf ½kyfudk tpGJûyíomvQif igwnf;[k jrif&\/ tpGJrûyaomfrl ig[lí
rodrjrifav&m? þtwlyif ½kyfudk tpGJûyí omvQif ig jzpf\[laom yyÍöw&m;wdkUonf jzpf&avonf[k
rdefUqdkxm;ygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaemuf cE¨0*¾ cEöH,kwf? yda@myrokwf 74-okwfwGif ig[lí pGJuyfaomf ½kyfudkomvQif
pGJvrf;&m\/ a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPwdkUudk pGJvrf;&m\/ xdkigtm; þpGJvrf;rI taMumif;cHaMumifh
b0 jzpf&m\/ b0taMumif;aMumifh Zmwd Z&m r&P wdkUjzpf&m\[k a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;?
xdkUaemufig[lí pGJuyfaom ½kyfudkomvQif pGJvrf;&m\/ a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPwdkUudk pGJvrf;&m\/
xdkigtm; þpGJvrf;rItaMumif;aMumifh b0 jzpf&m\/ b0taMumif;aMumifh Zmwd Z&mr&PwdkUjzpf&\/
cE¨0*¾ cEöH,kwf yda@myrokwf 74-rSyg bk&m;/
xdkUaemuf 0päigbk&m;onf pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gef ½Sdoltm;om wpfzefb0opf jzpf&\[k a[m\/
pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gef r½Sdoltm; ra[macs/ oVm,we0*¾oH,kwf? ukv’Lyrokwf? 544-rSyg bk&m;/
¤if;jyif cE¨mig;yg;ü pGJvrf;aomf xdkpGJvrf;rI Oyg'gefaMumifh b0 jzpf\/ b0aMumifh
Zmwdjzpf&\/ cE¨0*¾ orm"dokwf 12-rSyg bk&m;/
¤if;aemufumr*kPfESifh ywfoufaom umrkyg'gefwGif þodkU a[mygonf bk&m;? &[ef;wdkU
umr*kPfü vdkvm;aom olonf xdkumr*kPfESifh avsmfaom twåabmudkom &&m\/ t*FkwdåK&f quúedygwf?
edaAÁ"duokwf 452-rSyg bk&m;/
«þpmydk'fta&mufwGif ½kH;awmfrS edaAÁ"duokwf jyefqdkcsufvGJrSm;aeaMumif; vufawGUar;onf/»

tpodkU
edaAÁ"duokwfudk vufawGUar;jcif;
vlaovljzpf apm'emtrSwf (2)udk acsy&mü ocifjrwfqdkifu umr*kPfESifh ywfoufaom
umrkyg'gefwGif þodkU a[mygonfbk&m;[k avQmufxm;NyD;....
]]&[ef;wdkY umr*kPfü vdkvm;aom olonf xdkumr*kPfESifh avsmaom twåabmudkom
&&m\} - [k udk;um;wifjyaomaMumifh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u vGJrSm;aMumif;odí
atmufygtwdkif; pdppfar;jref;Muonf/
OD;Óedu (tzGJU0if) -'umBuD; udk;um;wJhae&mrSm oHo,jzpfzG,f awGUawGUae&w,f/ csKH;wmudk
rcsKH;&bl;vdkU rqdkygbl;? bmomjyefwJhae&mrSm [dkrl&if; jrefrmjyefu (om)qdkwJh pum;vHk;rygwmudk
(om)xnfh&if 'Dae&mrSm t"dyÜm,ftrsm;BuD; uGJvGJoGm;ygw,f/
ocifjrwfqdkif-rSefygowday;yg bk&m;/
OD;Óedu- 'umBuD; jrefrmjyefcsufudk eJeJuav; usrf;&if;eJU wdkufMunfhapcsifygw,f? 'umwpfa,muf
'Dbufvm? pmtkyf a&mY Munfhprf;/
ocifjrwfqdkif-MunhfNyD;awmh t½Sdefrysuf zwfoGm;ygr,f bk&m;? aemufqHk;usawmh wynfhawmfudk
qHk;rwmaygh bk&m;/
«omoema&;OD;pD;Xme 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rª; OD;a½Tatmifu pmtkyfudk,lí ocifjrwfqdkifodkU ay;onf?
tawmfESifh ½SmrawGU? OD;a½Tatmifu zwfjy&onf? 452-wGif rawGU? 453-wGif awGU&\/ ,if;odkU
awGU&aomfvnf; rl&if;bk&m;a[mpum;ESifh ocifjrwfqdkif wifjycsufvGJaeonf? rl&if;jrefrmjyefrSm
atmufygtwdkif;....
]]&[ef;wdkU .....umr*kPfvdkvm;olonf ukodkvftzdkUaMumifhaomfvnf;aumif;? tukodkvf
tzdkUaMumifhaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfaom xdkxdk (udavomumr)tm;avsmfaom twåabmudk
jzpfap\/}}
ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsyvTmwGif (ukodkvf? tukodkvf)[laom pum;vHk;udk wrifûzwfxm;onfhtjyif
rl&if;jrefrmjyefü rygaom (om)udk xnfhí (twåabmudkom)[k jyefqdkxm;aomaMumifh
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u ar;jcif;jzpfonf/»
ocifjrwfqdkif-eJeJyg;yg; vGJwmawmh ½Sdr,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu -eJeJyg;yg;vGJwmvdkU rqdkEdkifbl;? (om)r½SdwJhae&mrSm (om) xnfhvdkufwJhtwGuf t"dyÜm,f
tifrwefuGmjcm; oGm;ygw,f/
ocifjrwfqdkif - aus;Zl;wifygw,f bk&m;? wynfhawmf q&mawmfrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;zdkUtcGifh&vQif
jyefNyD;aqG;aEG;ygr,f bk&m;? tifrwef&cJwJh tcGifhta&;rdkU q&mawmfBuD;rsm; êudufovdkqHk;jzwfyg bk&m;/
¤if;t& cE¨mig;yg;ü twå-ig[k ½IrSwfaeaomf xdkazmufjyefwwfaom cE¨mig;yg;wdkif;
umr*kPftwdkif;omvQif b0opf[lí tpOftvdkufaernf jzpfav&m ol\ acwåtdyfaysmfjcif;onf

tpodkU
acwåaojcif; oabmyifjzpfonf? xdkacwå,m,D taooabmüyif tdyfrufrufMu&mwGif vl\

tdyfrufonf vlUtjzpfudk pGefUí acG;? 0uf? Muuf? EGm;wdkU tjzpfodkU ul;ajymif;aom tdyfrufrsKd; rufí
rjzpfpaumif;onfudk axmufygaomf udk,fhb0 tjzpfudkomvQif tpGJOyg'gefrsm; uyfa&mufaMumif;
odomavmufygonf bk&m;/
odkUjzpf&m vljzpfMu&mü rEkówåbma0g 'kv’abmqdkaom pum;jzifh vljzpfolwdkif; ukodkvf
aumif;onf? rGefjrwfvSaom b0aumif;jzpfonf[l r,lqEdkifay? þae&mü twåwnf;[laom
igtpGJûyorQ ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk z,fí r&? uHtwdkif; jzpf&onfrSm rSef\? odkU&mwGif
q&mawmfBuD;u jAm[®PwdkU\ rdk;usa½Tudk,fuHudk z,fNyD; Ak'¨\ oE´dXdu uHudkom ry,facs/
Ak'¨\uHrSm um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwdkUomvQif jzpfonf? xdkuHonfomvQif taumif;tqdk;udk
jzpfaponf[k ,ckvlaovljzpfwGif qdkvdkygonf bk&m;/
þü jrwfpGmbk&m;u þodkU a[mygonf bk&m;/ tpGJqHk; tcspfqHk;[lonf rdrdudk,fudkomwnf;?
tb,ft&yfodkUvSnfhywfí ½SmazGapumrl tb,f&yftwGif;rS rdrdudk,fxuf ydkí cspftyfESpfouftyfoludk
rawGUEdkif? þtwdkif;omwnf;/ (o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf? rv’dumokwf-75)
þodkUvQif twå0g'kyg'gefonf a½SUaqmif Oyg'gef jzpfaeonf[k q&mawmf t½SifOuúXu
rdefUqdkygonf bk&m;/
þbk&m;a[m w&m;udkausmfNyD; wd&pämefESifh rdk;ay:u ewfjA[®mjzpfEdkifonf[kqdkaom t,ludk
q&mawmf t½SifOuúXu pOf;pm;jcif; rûyawmhyg bk&m;/
owå0gwpfOD;ü pGJuyfaeaom wPSmOyg'gefonf owå0gaoNyD;onfhaemufwGif ½SdjrJ
½Sdvsuf½Sdonf[lí Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifu a[mygonf bk&m;? ¤if;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/
]]0pä owå0gonf þudk,fudk ypfcsNyD;aemuf wyg;aom udk,fudk ruyfa&muf&ao;apumrl
xdktcgüvnf; owå0g\ wPSmOyg'gefonf ½SdjrJ ½Sd\[k ig qdk\/
Oyrm rD;onf avmifpmr&Sdaom avudkyif pGJvsufwnfouJhodkU xdkwPSmonf avudkyif rSDvsuf
jzpf\}}[k rdefUawmfrl\? oVm,eoH,kwf ukwl[voomokwf ESm-554 [k yg½Sdygonf bk&m;/
aemufwpfzef Oyg'gefudk uHESifhwGJí jzpfaMumif; Oyg'dEéuHw&m;ESifh ywfoufí þodkU
a[mygonf bk&m;/
&m[kvm tZÑwåoEÅmefü jzpfaom? Murf;wrf;aom? Murf;wrf;jcif;odkUa&mufaom?
tMuiftvHk;pHkaom Oyg'dEéuHw&m;onf Oyg'dEé½kyfw&m;udk tusKd;ûy\? qHyif? arG;nif;? ajconf;
vufonf;? ta&xl ta&yg;paom 32-aumXmo ½kyfwdkUwnf;? Oyg'dEé(tZöKwå½kyf)wdkUonf udk,fudk pGJí
jzpfaom ½kyfw&m;pkwnf;? rZÑdryPÖmo r[m&m[kavm0g'okwf 91-wGifyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
jrwfpGmbk&m;u uH[laomyk'fudk þodkUynwfygonf bk&m;/

igh½Sifa*gwr raumif;rIûyjcif; uHudk oiff tb,frQjzifh ynwfygoenf;[k wyóded*P²u
ar;\/ Ak'ü wyóded*P² igonf uHudk oHk;yg;tm;jzifh ynwf\/ um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwdkUwnf;[k
rdefUawmfrl\? rZÑdryPÖmo Oygvdokwf 41 wGif ygygonf bk&m;/
þodkU ñTefjyaomtcg um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwdkU aumif;aomf uHaumif;\? ,if;wdkU
raumif;aomf uHraumif;/
(t*FkwådK&f 'ouedygwf pkEókwf-466)
þtxufyg oabmw&m;rsm;t& Ak'önf jAm[®PwdkU\ a½S;a[mif;uHudk vufcHawmfrrlbJ
um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwdkUudkom vufcHonf[k q&mawmfu qHk;jzwfygonf? þae&mü
twåwnf;[laom ig tpGJjzifh ûyvkyfaeorQ apwema½SUajy; ygonfhtwdkif; ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwdkU
jzpf&onfrSm rSefygonf bk&m;? odkU&mwGif q&mawmf ½SifOuúXonf a½S; rdk;usa½Tudk,fuHudk y,fí Ak'¨\
oE´dXdu uHudkom ,lygonf bk&m;? xdkuHonfomvQif b0\ taumif;tqdk;udk jzpfaponf[k
vlaovljzpfwGif qdkygonf? odkUjzpf&m vlaovljzpfa'oemwGif vlyifjzpfaomfvnf; um,uH? 0pDuH?
raemuH nHhcJhojzifh ajcvuft*FgrpHkolrsm;? ½kyfysufqif;ysuf jzpfvmolrsm; oaEüpí cRwf,Gif;cJholrsm;udk
awGUae&ygonf bk&m;? ajcvuft*FgtpHkESifh arG;vmygvsuf aemifrS taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh
cRwf,Gif;aomfvnf; ,ck ypöu©b0tpü êuHvG,faom trdtzwdkU\ cRwf,Gif;rIaMumif;vnf;aumif;
xdkyHkysufyef;ysufrsm; jzpfay:vm&onf[lí q&mawmfu qdkygonf/
xdkUaMumifhq&mawmfonf ypöKyÜefb0udkom twnfûyygonf bk&m;? þü yd#uwfawmfwGif uHESifh
ywfoufí þodkU awGU&ygonf bk&m;/ ,ckb0 csrf;om qif;&J cHpm;rI [lorQonf a½S;twdwfuH
aMumifhcsnf;[k qdkMuaom orPjAm[®PwdkUonf udk,fwdkif odtyfonfudkvnf; ausmfvGefukef\?
trSef[k orkwftyfaom ynm½SdwdkU\ pum;udkvnf; ausmfvGefukef\? xdkUaMumifh orPjAm[®PwdkU\
pum;udk trSm;[k igqdk\[k a[m\? oVm,weoH,kwf od0uokwf 423 wGif ygygonf bk&m;/
vlonf wpfcsdefwpfcgwGif ESvHk;aoG; &yfí aoqHk;ygonf? ESvHk;rD; Oo®mawaZm (ur®awaZm)ac:
ESvHk;tdrfapmifhrD; Nidrf;oGm;aomtcg aoNyD[k ac:ygonf bk&m;? xdkaoolrS aemufqHk; ESmacgif;rS
xGufaomavonf ¤if;\ ESvHk;wGif pka0;aom "mwfwdkU\ taiGUESifhwuG tjyifavmuodkUysHU
vGifhvmygonf? ,if;avudk r[m&m[kavm0g'okwft& Oyg'dEé"mwf[k ac:avonf? rZÑdryPÖmo
r[m&m[kavm0g'okwf 91 wGif ygygonf bk&m;/
xdk Oyg'dEé"mwfonf avxktwGif;odkU tjcm;"mwfrsm;jzifh ta&mtpyf r½Sd oD;jcm;
vGifhygawmhonf? xdkvGifhaom "mwfonf rlvwl&m"mwfrsm;ESifh pyf&ef owå0gwdkU\ ESmacgif;wGif;odkU
&IavESifhtwl yg0ifoGm;Muygonf? "mwfwl&m vlom; vlüomvQif ¤if;wdkU\ aoG;ESifha&mpyfum aoG;rS

tpodkU
okwftjzpfodkU ajymif;vdkufí oGm;ygonf? xdktcg r[mwPSmocF,okwf y#doaEäA'cef;t&

*EÄÁ"mwf[k ac:ygonf bk&m;/ (343)
þü tqifajyygu xdk*EÄÁ"mwfonf b0opfudk wnfaqmufygonf? tqifrajyvQif xyfrH
ysHUvGifhygonf/ (om"utm;jzifh urÇmt&yf&yfrS toHvTifh½kHESifh ½kyfjrifoHMum;"mwfwdkUonf ¤if;wdkUudk
xkwfvTifh&m rDwmESifhwl&m rDwmwdkUü jyefvnfxif½Sm;ay:ouJhodkUygbk&m;)? touf½Sdaom 0dnmPfudk
ul;vQif oów'dXd jzpfygonf bk&m;? toufr½Sdawmhí bmrQ rul;pufbl;qdkvQifvnf;
Oapä'dXdjzpfygonf bk&m;? ,ck"mwf\ oabmuom ul;pufjcif;jzpfaomaMumifh 0dnmPfvnf;r[kwfyg?
uHcsnf;oufouf[lívnf; r[kwfyg? Oyg'dEé"mwf\ "mwfoabm oufoufomjzpfygonf bk&m;?
om"utm;jzifh oHvdkufonf oHudk uyfouJhodkUyg bk&m;/
þvlaovljzpfwGif atmufyg bk&m;a[mjzifh ed*Hk;csKyfygonf bk&m;? cE¨0*¾oH,kwf *'´´LvA'ökwf
113 wGif Ak'¨½Sifjrwf þodkU a[mawmfrlcJhygonf? cE¨mig;yg;ü twå ig[lí ½IaeolwdkUonf csnfwdkifü
êud;ESifhcsnfaESmifxm;tyfaom acG;yrm ,if;csnfwdkifudkom vSnfhywfajy;ae&ouJhodkU twå- igpGJ
twå0g'kyg'gefudkomvQif vSnfhywfajy;aeMu&ukefavonf [lí a[mawmfrlcJhygonf bk&m;/
,ckvnf; vlwdkif;vlwdkif;onf xdktwåwnf;[laom ig rjywfEdkifMuorQ umvywfvHk;
aeMuolrsm; jzpfMuygvQuf vkyfMuorQ ukodkvf tukodkvf vkyfief;tm;vHk;\ tusKd;udkvnf; igcHpm;
igpHpm;csifrIjzpfaeMujcif;yifvQif igaoigjzpf oabmvufcHNyD;om;jzpfaeygonf bk&m;/ þigao
igjzpfonfyifvQif vlaovljzpfudk wdkuf½dkufzGifhqdkjcif;jzpfaMumif; q&mawmf ½SifOuúXu rdefUMum;rIudk
Mum;emcJh&ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf (3)

( ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf)
(31)bHkESifh ywfoufí apm'em trSwf (3) yg tcsufrsm;tm; ax&0g' yd#uwf jrefrmjyefrsm;ESifh
jyefvnf ½Sif;vif;wifjyygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;bk&m;-
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onf b0ESifh ywfoufí y,fcdkif;onfh taxmuftxm;rSm t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf
jrefrmjyef? quúedygwf b0okwf? 488-wGif &[ef;wdkU þb0oHk;rsKd;wdkUudk y,ftyfukef\?
tb,fb0oHk;rsKd;wdkUudky,ftyfoenf;[lrl umr? ½ly? t½ly - þb0oHk;yg;wdkUudk y,ftyfukef\}}[k
qdkxm;ygonf bk&m;? þuJhodkU tcsufrsm;ESifh wlnDaomb0udk pGJvrf;í aemiftem*wfrSm jzpf&vdkaMumif;
b0udk wyfrufolonf 0#fudk a½SUoGm;ûyolomjzpfaMumif; Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onf cE¨0*¾oH,kwf?
[mvd'dümedokwf? 10-wGif ol<u,f tem*wfumvü þodkUaom ½kyfa0'em onmocFg&0dnmP½Sdol
jzpf&vdk\? þuJhodkU tem*wfb0udk MuHolonf 0#fudka½SUoGm;ûyolrnf\/
¤if;aemuf ax&0g'yd#uwf t*FkwdåK&f r[m0*¾oH,kwf opöoH,kwf tZÑwdåum,weokwf 375-
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¤if; 'DCedum,f ygxdu0*f? o*Ðwdokwf? 237-238wGif ]]aoaX;ol<u,f ewfjA[®mtjzpfudk
awmifhwí igaovQif xdkb0wdkUudk a&muf&aomf aumif;avpG[k &nfrSef;í vª\/ xdkpdwfudk xm;í
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qdkxm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf bk&m;/

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ax&0g'yd#uwf okwåedygwf? ykPÖurmP0ykpäm 413-wGif ykPÖuvkvif\ tar;udk

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b0jywfjcif;udk tvdk½Sd\/ aovQif NyD;\[k xif\/ pifppfaomfum; cE¨m5yg;ü pGJvrf;rI
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rdpäm'd|djzpfaMumif;-
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jzpfaMumif;udk -
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arxkeokwf 555wGif ]]ewftjzpfudk om,mjcif; tvdk½Sdjcif;onf þjrwfaom omoemtusifhü
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aom"emtrSwf (4)
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tukodkvfwdkUudk rûyvkyf&m}}[k a[mygonf bk&m;/

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uHy,fa&;qdkif&mrsm;udkvnf; ]]a[mxm;aMumif; r[m0*¾ aAmZÑ*FoH,kwf wPSmu©,okwf 182-

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uHuif;&m edAÁmefü vGwfajrmufaom b0wPSmjywfNyD;aom? Nidrf;at;aom &[EÅmtm; oHo&mukefNyD?

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aom"em trSwf (5)

0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkY bk&m;-
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aom"em trSwf(6)
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aemufudkvdkufum omoem,drf;,dkifjcif;odkU a&mufaponfjzpfygaomaMumifh ,if;y&dwfwdkUudk ½Gwfzwfjcif;
rûyyg bk&m;/
y&dwf½Gwfjcif;onf aumif;usKd;{uefrSefygu tb,fhaMumifh aq;½kHrsm; aqmufvkyfaeMuonfudk
wynfhawmfrsm; em;rvnfyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (12)
apm'emvTmtrSwf (12)udk ajz½Sif;ygrnf bk&m;/
þapwDykxdk; ½kyfyGm;awmf qHawmf "mwfawmfwdkUudk ajz½Sif;&efyg bk&m;/
þudpöudk ajz&Sif;&mü wynfhawmfrsm;\ udk,fydkifÓPfjzifh oHk;pGJajymqdkjcif;rsKd; rûyvkyfvdkyg

bk&m;? atmufyg bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfrsm; t&omvQif udk;um;&aMumif;udk ½dkaopGm
,if;ESifh ywfoufí t*FkwdåK&f'ouedygwf? a"m0eokwf424-wGif þodkU ygygonf bk&m;/
t½dk;aumufyGJonf ½GmolwdkYtvkyf ykxkZOfwdkU\ tvkyfomjzpfí t&d,mwdkUtvkyfr[kwf? tusdK;rJh

tvkyfom jzpf\/ txl;od&ef csKyf&ef Nidrf;&ef trSefod&ef r[kwf? wPSmukef&ef jzpfaom edAÁmeftvdkUiSm
r[kwf? Zmwd Z&m r&P aomu y&da'0 'ku©wdkUrS rvGwfuif;ukef[k a[mxm;ygonf/ ("mwfawmf
arGawmfonfomwnf;[k odomygNyD)/
aemuf"r®y' t*d¾'wåjAm[®Pokwf 39-wGif
]]awm awmift&H udk;uG,f&m[lorQwdkUonf ab;uif;aom udk;uG,fjcif;r[kwf? jrwfaom
udk;uG,fjcif; r[kwf? þodkU udk;uG,f&m[lorQudk udk;uG,f&m[lorQudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;onf
'ku©cyfodrf;rS rvGwfajrmufEdkif}}[k a[mygonf bk&m;/
aemufed'ge0*¾oH,kwf? tbdeEókwf 371-ü atmufygtwdkif; a[mygonf/
]]"mwfav;yg;tpkoufoufomjzpfaom t&mwdkUudk ESpfoufjcif;onf 'ku©udk ESpfoufonfrnf\/
xdk"mwf 4-yg;udk rESpfoufolonf omvQif 'ku©rSvGwfNidrf;&m\}}[k a[mygonf bk&m;/
(þ½kyfypönf;wdkYonf ½kyftpkta0;oufoufwdkUudkom jzpfMuukefygonfbk&m;)/
aemufcE¨0*¾? 0uúvdokwf 93-ü 0uúvdudk bk&m;a[monfrSm ]]0uúvdig\
þtykyfaumifwnf;[laom udk,fudk zl;ajrmfjcif;onf roifhavsmf? w&m;udk jrifaomolonfom
igbk&m;udk jrifonfrnf\/ w&m;udk rjrifolonf igbk&m;udk jrifvsufvnf; rodjrif&m}} [k
a[mawmfrlygonf bk&m;/
aemufwpfzef okwåedygwf? ok'üokwf 380-ü þodkU a[mygonf bk&m;/
]]jrif½kHrQjzifh owå0gtm; pifMu,f\[k qdkaomf? tqif;oP²mefudk od½kHrQjzifh qif;&Judk
vGefajrmufEdkif\[k qdkaomf udavomOy"dESifh wuGomjzpfaom xdkolonft&d,mr*frSwyg;tjcm;aom
vrf;pOfjzifh pifMu,fEdkif\[k qdk&modkU a&muf\/ xdkodkU ajymqdkoludk rdpäm'd|d[k ajymqdk&m\}}[k
a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
xdkUaMumifh þtydk'f 12-udk tus,f wynfhawmfrsm; ravQmufxm;vdkawmhyg? q&mawmf

t½Sifoljrwfrsm;onfom qHk;jzwfawmfrlMu&ef av;pm;pGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
aomemtrSwf (13)
,ck aom"emvTm trSwf 13-udk avQmufMum;ygrnf bk&m;/
þtydkif;rSm vlrsKd;\ ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHESifh udk;uG,frIqdkif&mrsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

þtydkif;udk avQmufxm;&müvnf; wynfhawmftaeESifh ½dk;om;pGmavQmufMum;&vQif
wynfhawmfudk,fwdkifyif þtcef;\ puf&dyfrS rvGwfyg bk&m;? wynfhawmf\ tdrfrSm bk&m;pifvnf;
½Sdygonf? aeUpOfrjywfvnf; &[ef;awmfrsm;udk qGrf;avmif;vsuf½SdNyD; wynfhawmf\ orD;ajr;rsm;udk yef;
a&csrf; uyfapjcif;ç bk&m;½Sdcdk;apjcif; ponfwdkUudk wdkufwGef;ñTefMum;ay;vsuf½Sdygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh olUae&m olUt½G,ftpm;tvdkuf Ak'ömoemawmfESifh Armh,Ofaus;rIudk
odrf;oGif;ae&oljzpfí þpuf&dyfrSrvGwfyg[k avQmufxm;&jcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;/
odkUaomf atmufyg yd#uwfawmf tqdktrdefUrsm;jzifhom avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;/
rlvyPÖmo rlvy&d,m,okwf? pmrsufESm 1-rS 10 txd yg½Sdaom tqdktrdefUrsm;udk MunfhvQif
omrefykxkZOfrS &[EÅm Ak'¨bk&m;ociftxd þocFg&avmuBuD;udk ½IrSwfqifjcifawmfrlyHk tqifhaygif; 7-
qifhrQjzifh zGifhqdka[monfudk q&mawmfrsm; od½SdawmfrlMuNyD;jzpfygrnf[k ,HkMunfNyD;jzpfygonf bk&m;?
þonfyifvQif tqHk;ü &[ef;awmfrsm;u auseyfjcif;r½SdMuaMumif; awGU&ygonf bk&m;?
jrwfpGmbk&m;onfyifvQif rvG,faom tcuftcJrsm;½Sdonfjzpf&m wynfhawmftzdkU ravQmufwwf
Edkifawmhyg bk&m;? odkUaomfwwf pGrf;orQ wifjy&ygrnf bk&m;/
t*FkwådK&f pukwúedygwf? ½lyokwf 39-wGif tqif;ESifh toHudk xdk;azmufrMunfhEdkifvQif "r®udk
rjrifEdkif[lí þodkU a[mygonf bk&m;/
]]tMuifolwdkUonf tqif;ESifh oP²mefudkom yrmPûyMuukef\/ tMuifolwdkUum; toHüom
yrmPûyMuukef\/ xdkolwdkUonf tvdkqE´üvnf;aumif;? wyfpGJjcif;&m*ü vnf;aumif; qE´&m*tvdkodkU
vdkufygukefonfjzpfí bk&m;w&m;oHCmwdkU\ *kPftppftrSefudk rodEdkifMuukef? pifppfxdkolwdkUonf
csD;rGrf;oHüomvQif epfarsmMu&\/ bk&m;w&m;oHCmwdkU\ *kPftppfudk odolwdkUonf edAÁmefudkom
a½SU½Ionfjzpfí csD;rGrf;oHü rarsmygawmhacs}}[k a[mygonf bk&m;? omoem,Ofaus;rItpydkif;wGif
xdktqif;toHwdkU\ t&if;cHjzpfaom vltrsm;pk\ tvdkqE´tavsmufqGJaqmifMu&onfrSm?
wpfenf;tm;jzifh trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIjzpf&jcif;yg bk&m;? omoem\ qdkvdk&if;ESifhum; wjcm;pDom
½SdaMumif;yg bk&m;/
¤if;aemuf o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf? okE´&duokwf 161-wGif rD;ylaZmfrIESifh ywfoufí jrwfpGmbk&m;
tvdkr½SdaMumif;udk þodkU a[mygonfbk&m;-

tpodkU
]]ykPÖm; xif;udk rD;½IdUaom oifonf rD;&dIUumrQjzifh pifMu,f\[k ratmufarhvifh?

tb,fhaMumifhenf;? xdkxif;udk rD;½IdUjcif;onf tyüom jzpfonf? xdkpum;onf rSef\/
tMuifolonf tyüjzpfaom rD;½IdUjcif;jzifh pifMu,fjcif;udk tvdk½Sd\/ xdkoludk rD;½IdUjcif;aMumifh
pifMu,f\[k ynm½SdwdkU rqdkukef}
þwGif a½S;acwf xif;rD;ylaZmfrIwdkUae&mwGif ,ckacwfqDrD; za,mif;wdkifwdkUjzifh tusKH;0ifygonf
bk&m;/
aemufwpfokwf 'DCedum, r[m0*f? r[my&dedAÁmeokwf 132-wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;ü
tjrwfqHk;ylaZmfrI[lonfESifh ywfoufí w&m;awmftwdkif; usifhoHk;jcif;onfomvQif ]]ylaZmfouúmwdkU\
txGwftxdyf}}[lí jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefU>rufawmfrlygonf? ]]yef;eHUom tarT;têudifwdkUjzifh
ylaZmfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? wl&d,m*Dwjzifh ylaZmfjcif;udkvnf;aumif; xdkylaZmfjcif;rsm;wdkUxuf
avmukwå&mw&m;tm;avsmfpGm usifhoHk;jcif;onfomvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;udk tjrwfqHk;
ylaZmfouúmrnfayonf}} [k t½SiftmeE´mrax&fjrwfBuD;tm; rdefUawmfrlxm;cJhygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh qDrD; yef; tarT;wdkifwdkUudk ylaZmfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí yd#uwfawmf
a'oemrsm;twdkif;om wifjyvdkuf&aMumif;yg bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (14)
,ck apm'emvTmtrSwf (14)ESifh ywfoufí ½Sif;vif;csycsufyg bk&m;/
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmfrSm oHo&mwGif usifvnfapaom qkay;enf;rsKd;udk rnfonfhtcgrQ
rûyvkyfaMumif; atmufyg taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh wifjyygonf bk&m;/
0denf;r[m0g pD0&cEü0*f 395-wGif Ak'¨½Sifawmftm; ZD0uq&mu t0wfykqdk;wdkUudk
ouFef;tjzpfoHk;&ef vª'gef;onfü ZD0uu qkay;&ef avQmufxm;ygonf? xdktcgjrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]ZD0u
jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkUrnfonf qkay;jcif;rS vGefajrmufMuNyD; jzpf&mukef\}} (qkray;[lí qdkvdkonf/)
xdkUaemuf ZD0uonf tyfpyfonfqdkaomtcgrS cGifhûyawmfrl\/ aemufwpfzef
0domcgausmif;trBuD;uvnf; tiftm;csKdUwJhaeaom &[ef;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí qk½Spfyg; cGifhûyyg&ef
avQmufxm;onfwGif txufygZD0u tm;rdefUrSmonfhtwdkif;yif jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkUrnfonf qkay;jcif;rS
vGefajrmufNyD; jzpfMuukef\[k rdefUawmfrl\/
0domcgu tyfpyfaom qkjzpfygonf[k avQmufxm;aomtcgrSom cGifhûyawmfrlygonf bk&m;?
þtyfpyfonfqdkaom pum;\ t"dyÜm,frS twåudvrxESifh umrokcvd’umEka,m*
tpGef;ESpfyg;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? tmoa0gw&m;wdkUjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? b0udk usifvnf&m
wPSme,frSaomfvnf;aumif; ]]uif;vGwfaom qkrsm;udkom cGifhûyawmfrlaMumif;yg bk&m;/
taMumif;rSm "r®pMum\ tpydkif;rSmyif twåudvrESifh umrokcvd’umEka,m*
t,kwfw&m;tpGef;ESpfyg;udk y,fpGefU&ef a[mawmfrlcJhNyD; jzpfygw,f bk&m;/
umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSmpaom wPSmoHk;rsKd;wdkUudkvnf; y,fpGefU&ef a[mcJhNyD;
jzpfygonf bk&m;? tmoa0gw&m;wnf;[laom umrmo0ç b0go0ç t0dZÆmo0wdkUudkvnf; y,fpGefU&ef
a'oemt&yf&yfwGif a[mqdkNyD; jzpfygonf? ,if;odkU jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkifu
a'oemawmft&yf&yfwGif y,fpGefU&ef a[mxm;ygvsuf xdkodkUy,fpGefU&rnfjzpfaom w&m;wdkUESifh
ruif;vGwfaom qkrsdK;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf qktjzpf rnfonfhtcgrQ cGifhûyvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg bk&m;/
oydwfoGwfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí atmufygokwåefrsm;udk udk;um;ygonf bk&m;/
oVm,weoH,kwf todAEüykwåokwfrSmyg bk&m;? 493-wGif raumif;rIwdkUtm;
ûyolaomfvnf;aumif;? aumif;rIûyaomfvnf;aumif; cE¨mysufa<u aoNyD;onfrSaemufü raumif;oltm;
aumif;oljzpfap&efvnf;aumif;? aumif;oltm; raumif;ol jzpfap&efvnfaumif; rnfodkUyif
xdkxdkb0wdkUü jzpfygap[lí awmif;yefMuapumrl csD;rGrf;Muapumrl vuftkyfcsDum tzefwvJvJ
qkawmif;Muapumrl cE¨mysufa<u aoNyD;onfrS aemufüum; ¤if;wdkUukodkvf tukodkvftwdkif;om
jzpfvdrfhrnf[k todAEüykwå&GmolBuD;tm; a[mawmfrlygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
þtcsufrSm qGrf;oGwfjcif;udk wdkuf½dkuf ajymqdkjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? þrQavmufjzifh þtcef;

u@tm; jyefvnfavQmufxm;&ef jynfhpHkNyD[k ,lqaMumif;yg bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (15)
apm'emvTm trSwf(15)tm; jyefvnfacsy ½Sif;vif;vdkygonf bk&m;/
Oyg'gefESifh ywfoufí t|omvdeD t|uxmrS q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ ½Sif;vif;csufudk rodyg?
yd#uwfawmfwGifygaom rltm;jzifh jyefqdkcsufudkom odygonf? taxmuftxm;jy&aomf 'DCedum,f
r[m0*f r[m ed'geokwf 54-wGif Oyg'gefav;rsdK;wdkU\ jyefqdkcsufrSm umr*kPfü pGJvrf;jcif; umrkyg'gef?
t,lü pGJvrf;jcif; 'd|Kyg'gef? tavhtusifhü pGJvrf;jcif; oDvAÁwkyg'gef twå[laom 0g'ü pGJvrf;jcif;
twå0g'kyg'gef wdkUaywnf;/
þyd#uwfjrefrmjyefusrf;rsm;udk Munfhaomtcg oDvAÁwkyg'gefudk jrefrmjyefqdk&mwGif
tavhtusifhpGJudkom qdkvdkaMumif; awGU&NyD;vQif acG;ç EGm;wdkU\ tusifh[lí rawGU&aMumif;yg bk&m;?
umrkyg'gefwGifvnf; umr*kPfig;rsdK;wdkUü pGJvrf;jcif;[líom awGU&ygonf? Oyg'gefwGif tukodkvfç
ukodkvf[lí rcGJjcm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
tpGJ0ifvmvQif ukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap? tukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap tpGJrSefvQif Oyg'gef[líom
jyefqdkxm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
om"utm;jzifh Oy&dyPÖo tmeÍÆoyÜg,okwf 55-wGif ûyvkyfcJhaom uH[lí r½Sday? xdkuH\
tusdK;jzpfaom þcE¨myÍöuudk y,fpGefUaompdwfjzifh vspfvsL½IrIü ESpfouf\? aumif;\[k pGJ\?
xdk0dnmOfonf 0dyóemudk rSD\? odkUaomf pGJvrf;rIyif rnf\/
tmeE´m... pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gef rukefaom &[ef;onf y&dedAÁmef rûyEdkif[k a[m\? 0dyóemudk rSDí
pGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom ukodkvf 0dnmOfpdwf jzpfygonf? odkU&mwGif pGJvrf;vQif Oyg'gef[líyif
jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif nDawmftmeE´mtm; a[mMum;csufudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
"r®o*FPDusrf;t& tukodkvfpGJvQif Oyg'gef? ukodkvfpGJvQif Oyg'gef r[kwf jzpfaMumif; apm'em
q&mawmfrsm;wifjycsufrSm wynfhawmfawGUonfh atmufygokwfwdkUjzifh uGmjcm;aejyefygonf bk&m;/
t*FkwådK&f e0uedygwf? oOyg'daoookwf 185-wGif-
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ½Sifom&dykwå&mtm; om&dykwå&m þomoemawmfü oDvüom jynfhpHkpGm
usifhvsuf orm"daumif;pGm rwnfapOD;? ynmüaumif;pGm rwnfapOD;? xdkolonf oHa,mZOfoHk;yg;
ukefaomf pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gef usefapumrl 'k*¾wdodkU rvm;NyD? wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU jzpfNyD;aemuf 'ku©\
tqHk;udk ûyvwåHU/
þtcsufüvnf; aomwmyefyifvQif pGJvrf;rIusefaevQif Oyg'gef[lí oHk;EIef;xm;aMumif;
awGU&ygonf? xdkUaemufwpfzef tem*grfqdkufaom olawmfaumif;onfyifvQif Oyg'gefrukefaMumif;
atmufyg taxmuftxm;t& awGU&ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
rZÑdryPÖmo ud#m*D&dokwf 156-wGif -&[ef;wdkU þ,HkMunfí a,mufsm;wdkU\ vHkUv0D&d,jzifh

t½dk;aMuaMu ta&cef;cef; t&[wåzdkvfodkU ra&mufuravQmh[k jyif;pGm usifhoHk;aomf rsufarSmufb0üyif
t&[wåzdkvfudkvnf;aumif; Oyg'gef<uif;usefaomf tem*grf[lívnf;aumif; þtusdK;ESpfyg;wGif
wpfyg;yg; {uefjzpf&rnf[k a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;/
þtcsufüvnf; ukodkvfw&m;½SdaeolyifvQif Oyg'gef usefEdkifonfudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjycsufjzpfaom umrkyg'gefonf tukodkvf avmbrlpdwfESifh wGJ,SOf
jzpfay:onfh avmbapwoduf[lí awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
taxmuftxm;tjzpf Oy&dyPÖmo? yÍöwå,okwf 28-udk udk;um;wifjyygonf bk&m;?
psmefwdkUtm; ]]igonf NidrfoufvS\? {Nidrf;vS\? pGJvrf;rIuif;\[k þodkU xifrSwfaomf þodkU ½Iaomf
Oyg'gefyif rnf\}}[k a[mawmfrlygonf bk&m;/
aemuf Oyg'geftpGJtvrf; ½Sd½HkrQESifh tyg,frusEdkif[k a[mawmfrlygonf bk&m;? aemuf
Oyg'geftpGJtvrf; ½Sd½HkavmufESifh tyg,frusEdkif[k t*FkwådK&f 'ouedygwf? oOyg'daoookwf 186-ü
þodkU a[mygonf bk&m;/
tnDtñGwf pkaygif;xdkifaeMuaom y&dAdkZfwdkUu ½Sifom&dykwå&modku ]]igh½Sif rnfolrqdk pGJvrf;rI
t<uif;tusef½Sdvsuf ao&aomf xdkoltm;vHk;onf i&JrS rvGwf? wd&pämefrS rvGwf? NydwåmrS rvGwf}}[k
ajymMuygonf? jrwfpGmbk&m;odkU xdktaMumif; avQmufxm;aomtcg bk&m;½Sifu ½Sifom&dykwå&mudk þodkU
rdefUawmfrlygonf/
]]om&dykwå&m t,lwpfrsdK;½Sdaom rdkufukef rvdr®mukefaom y&dAdkZfwdkUonfum; tb,folwdkUenf;?
pGJvrf;rI t<uif;tusef ½Sdç r½Sdudk todkUvQif odukefMubdoenf;/
om&dykwå&m þyk*¾dKvf 9-rsdK;wdkUonf pGJvrf;rI t<uif;tusef ½Sdygvsuf aovGefaomtcg
i&JrSvnf;aumif; wd&pämef tjzpfrSvnf;aumif; vGwfMuukef\}}[k a[mawmfrlNyD;vQif yk*¾dKvf 9-rsdK;udk
xkwfazmf a[mjyawmfrlygonf bk&m;/
þtxJü ou'g*grfç tem*grfç aomwmyef ponfwdkU yg0ifaeonfudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
odkUjzpf&m þtcef; (15)ü apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ ed*Hk;ydkif;wGif Oyg'gef[lonf tukodkvfjzpfí
avmbESifh 'd|dw&m;om jzpfonf? tukodkvfom jzpfonf? tjrifrSm;rI Oyg'gefom jzpfonf? ukodkvf
vdkcsifrIrSm Oyg'gef r[kwf? ½SifOuú|wdkUonf yd#uwfawmf\ teufudkrQ rSefuefpGm rod vrf;ay:u
vlrsm;\w&m;[k qdkaomtcsufudk wdusaom q|rlyd#uwfawmfrS aumufEkwf ½Sif;vif;tyfygonf
bk&m;/


tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (16)
apm'emvTm trSwf (16)ESifh ywfoufí acsyvGm avQmufxm;csufyg bk&m;-
wpfbuf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u edAÁmefonf owå0gwdkU\ tZÑwåü &½Sdtyfaom w&m;rsdK;
r[kwf? tyüom &½Sdtyfaom A[d'¨w&m;rsdK;om jzpfaMumif;[lí txufygtwdkif; 0daooapm'em
ûyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
þü edAÁmefonf twGif;tZÑwåü jzpfaMumif;udk Ak'¨½Sifawmfu okwåedygwf rm*@d,okwf 386-
wGif atmufygtwdkif; a[mxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;? q|rl ax&0g'yd#uwfawmf trSefrS
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
]]xdktcgü rm*@d, xdkigbk&m;tm; (ajcmufq,fhESpfyg;) 'd|dw&m;wdkUü qHk;jzwfí (þig\
t,lom rSef\? tjcm;olwdkU\ t,lum; tcsnf;ESD;omwnf;[k) þpum;udk qdkrnf[k pGJjrJ,lqrI r&Sday?
ajcmufq,fh ESpfyg;aom 'd|dt,lwdkUü tjypfudk jrifonf jzpfí (wpfpHkwpfckaom 'd|dt,ludkrQ) r,lbJ
(opömav;yg;wdkUudk) a½G;cs,fpdppfvsuf tZÑwåü jzpfaom udavomwdkU Nidrf;&medAÁmefudk jrifNyD}}[lí
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf twdtvif; twGif;ü[k a[mMum;xm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
þrQESifhruao;yg bk&m;? ¤if;okwåedygwf rm*@d,okwf 387-wGifvnf; edAÁmefudk aemufxyf
zGifhqdk a[mjyawmfrljyefygonf bk&m;/
]]avmuü &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfonf tMuif rdpäm'd|d paom t,lwdkUrS uif;qdwfonf jzpfí usifh\?
xdkt,lwdkUudkvnf; ,lí rajymqdk? a&üaygufaom tql;&Sdaom y'kr®mMumonf a&jzifhvnf;aumif;
ñTefjzifhvnf;aumif; rvdrf;usH ruyfNidbdouJhodkU þtwl tZÑwåoEÅmefü (udavom) Nidrf;at;&m
edAÁmefudk ajymqdkaom &[EÅmonf umrüvnf;aumif; avmuüvnf;aumif; rwyfruf rvdrf;usH
ruyfNidawmhNyD}}[lí a[mMum;xm;onfudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
þtxufygtwdkif; tZÑwåoEÅmefü edAÁmefjzpfaMumif; cdkifvHkaom yd#uwfawmf tudk;tum;rsm;
½Sdygvsuf Ak'ä[mudk rsufuG,fûyNyD;vQif edAÁmefonf tjyifüom ½Sdav[efqdkaom pmayrsm;udkom
udk;um;xm;onfudkaxmufu yd#uwfawmfü tiftm;enf;yg;aeaMumif; xif½Sm;aeygonf bk&m;/
þrQjzifh edAÁmefw&m;onf udk,fwGif;üom Nidrf;at;pGm jzpfay:vmaom w&m;jzpfaMumif; todvHk
avmufNyD xifygonf bk&m;? þodkUavQmufxm;&mü edAÁmefonf udk,fwGif;ü rlvuwnf;u
½SdNyD;om;w&m;qdkaom 0g'rsdK;udkawmh wynfhawmf vufrcHyg? þ,ck wnfqJ tpGJcE¨mig;yg;wGif
pGJuyfaeaom Oyg'gefwPSm tmo0w&m;wdkUudk vu©PmÓPfwnf;[laom tedpötodjzifh
½IrSwfqifjcifEdkifolrsm;üom edAÁmefw&m;udk rsufarSmufûyí þcE¨mESifhwuG tjyifocFg&avmuBuD;

tpodkU
wpfckvHk;yg tewåtjzpfodjrif vTrf;ûcHtvif;ayguf toda&mufoGm;um tmavmaum O'yg'd*kPfudk

qdkufa&mufEdkifonf[kom cH,lxm;ygonf bk&m;/
þrQjzifh ,ck tydkif; (16)udk wifjyavQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf(17)
apm'emvTmtrSwf (17)udk jyefvnf ½Sif;vif; wifavQmufygonf bk&m;/
þtydkif;ü apm'uq&mawmfrsm;bufrS q&mawm½&SifOuú| a[majymcJhaom "r®pMuma'oemudk
"r®pMumvufopf[lívnf;aumif;? ygVdudk vlaovljzpfESifh tH0ifatmif t"dyÜm,fwvGJ
zGifhqdkonf[kvnf;aumif; trnfwyfum pGyfpGJa0zefcJhygonf bk&m;/
,if;ESifh ywfoufí vdk&if;jzpfaom pum;vHk;rsm;udkom axmufjy ½Sif;vif;ygawmhrnf?
'd|"ar®mudk apm'ubufrS jriftyfNyD;aom opömw&m;½Sdonf jzpfí[k q&mawmfOD;Ak"f jyefqdkcsufudk
udk;um;cJhygonf? xdkjyefqdkcsufudk r[kwf[kvnf;aumif; [kwf\[kvnf;aumif; wynfhawmf racsyvdkyg?
ygVdawmftwdkif; teufudkom q&mawmf ½SifOuú| zGifhqdkonfhtwdkif;om wifjyvdkygonf bk&m;/
½SifOuú| ]]'d|"ar®m}}qdkaom pum;\ yifudkt"dyÜm,frSm ]]rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\}}[k
qdkygonf bk&m;/
v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ y&rw¬'DyeDtzGifhrSm ]]jriftyfaom opömw&m;}}[k awGU&ygonf? ]NyD;aom}
qdkaom twdwfumvoabm rygçyg bk&m;? wpfzef t½Sifaum@n\ tw¬KyÜwådudk "r®pMumt&
Munfhaomtcg xdktcsdefü aomwmyeftqifhodkU a&muf½Hkom ½Sdao;aMumif; NyD;aom[lí
r[kwfao;aMumif; awGU&ygonf? tu,fí xdktcsdefu t½Sifaum@nonf t&[wåzdkvfodkU
wpfcsufwnf; wef;qdkufoGm;NyD;qdkygu ]]jriftyfNyD;aom opömw&m;}}[k ajymjcif;iSm xdkufwefygonf
bk&m;? t&[wåzdkvfonfomvQif jriftyfNyD;qdkaom pum;ESifhtnD udpötm;vHk; NyD;ajrmufol[k t"dyÜm,f
zGifhMuygonf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh ]'d|"ar®m} qdkaom t"dyÜm,fudk ]]jriftyfNyD;aom opömw&m;}}[k
þae&mwGif zGifhqdkjcif;iSm roifh ]]jriftyfaom opömw&m;}}[kom jyefqdkjcif;iSm oifhaMumif;
xdkUaMumifh ywå"ar®m- a&muftyfNyD;aom opömw&m;? 0d'dw"ar®m- odtyfNyD;aom opömw&m;?
y&da,m*gV§"ar®m- ÓPfjzifh ouf0iftyfNyD;aom opömw&m;-paom pum;vHk;rsm;rS ]NyD;aom} qdkaom
pum;vHk;udk roHk;oifh? t½Sifaum@nrSm þ'd|"ar®mt& jrifhcJhç jrifqJ jrifaeOD;vwåHU qdkaomumvoHk;yg;
tusHK;0ifonfh vkyfief;wef;vef;jzpfqJ t"dyÜm,f &ygí ]NyD;aom} twdwfpum;udk vufrcHEdkifaMumif;
þ"r®pMumudk jyefqdkMu&mü rlvygVdoufoufudkom apwemtavsmuf udk,fhbmompum;udk
udk,fuRrf;usiforQjzifh jyefqdkMujcif;omjzpfí toHk;uGJjym;aeMuapumrl rl&if;t"dyÜg,f uGmjcm;csuf r½Sdyg
bk&m;/

tpodkU
,ckae&mwGifvnf; q&mawmf t½SifOuú|jyefqdkcsufonf rlv'd|"ar®mç 0d'dw"ar®mç

y&da,m*gV§"ar®mç wdPÖ0dpdudapäm paom pum;wdkU\ rsufjrifoabmteuf rlv"r®pMumyg
teuft"dyÜm,fudk ajymif;vJaponf[lí wynfhawmf rawGU&aMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;?
Ak'¨t½Sif\ a[mcsufESifh qefUusifonf[k rawGU&aMumif;yg bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh "r®pMumvufopf
r[kwfyg? tpOfrjywf xGef;awmufaernfh tjrJwrf; ypöKyÜefüom wnfhwnfh bmomjyefqdkcsuf jzpfaMumif;
jyefvnfwifjytyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf (18)

apm'emvTm trSwf(18)tm; ½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;ygrnf bk&m;/
þtcef;wGif bk&m;wynfhawmf a&;cJhaom Ak'¨0dyóem (1)wGif bk&m;wynfhawmfu
]]avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d}}[laom yk'fudk a&;cJhonf rSefygonf? ,if;ygVdudk
ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf upömea*gwåokwf 242-rS wdkuf½dkuf ul;,lcJhjcif; jzpfygonf? ,if;okwfwGif wynfhawmf
a&;cJhaomtwdkif; {uefygaeaom pum;twdkif; xdkygVdawmfwGif ½SmazGMunfhyg&ef wdkufwGef;tyfygonf
bk&m;? pm\ t"dyÜm,f tqdkrSm ]]jywfvQif r½Sd? rjywfvQif ½Sd\}}[laom t,ludk wifjycJhjcif;om
jzpfygonf/
,ck apm'ubufrS q&mawmfrsm;u ]],if;ygVdawmfonf rnfonfhygVdawmfwGifrS ½SmazGí
rawGU&ojzifh twdtvif; &J&JBuD; vdrfnmjcif; jzpfonf}}[k pGyfpGJxm;ygonf bk&m; «þpmydk'f
ta&mufwGif vufjzpfygVdrSm; taMumif;udk ½Hk;awmfrS atmufygtwdkif; ar;onf/ »

vufjzpfygVdrSm;udk bk&m;a[mqdkí ppfar;jcif;
½Hk;awmfrS atmufygtwdkif; ar;onf
OD;ukrm& -avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d qdkaom ygVdonf ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf upöme
(0denf;"dk&f) a*gwåokwf? ESm-242-rSm wdkuf½dkufygw,fqdk&if pk'dwujzpfwJh 'umBuD;u tJ'DygVdudk
½Smjyapcsifygw,f/
ocifjrwfqdkif -ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfpmtkyf ½Sdygovm; bk&m;/
OD;Óedu -'DrSm pmtkyf ½Sdygw,f? OD;a½Tatmif 'Dbufvm ½Smay;vdkufyg/
OD;ukrm& -ESm? 242-rSm ½Sd&if tJ'DygVdudk ½Smjyyg/
ocifjrwfqdkif -wynfhawmf jrefrmjyefu ,lygw,f bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -'umBuD;u 'DygVd[m 'Dtwdkif;yJ? 'DokwfrSm ygw,fvdkU qdkw,f r[kwfvm;/
ocifjrwfqdkif -ygVd&JU t"dyÜg,fyg bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -ygVdrSef teufrSefudk olwdkUu wifjyxm;w,f? oH,kwåedum,f tm[m&0*f
upömea*gwå okwfrSm ygw,fvdkU apm'uq&mawmfawGu axmufjyxm;w,f/
ocifjrwfqdkif -tJ'Dvdk jzpfygvdrfhr,f bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyxm;wJh ygVdtrSefu... ]]avmuork',H acg upöme
,xmblwH or®yÜnm, yóawm ,m avmau ew¬dwm? ome a[mwd? avmu-
eda&m"H acg upöme ,xmblwH or®yÜnm, yóawm ,m avmau tw¬dwm? ome

tpodkU
a[mwd}} vdkUom ½Sdw,f? 'umBuD; wifjyovdk r½Sdbl;/

ocifjrwfqdkif -wdkuf½dkuf r[kwf? 'gjzifh 0efcHygw,f bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -0efcH&if olwdkUu r½Sdbl;vdkY pGyfpGJxm;w,f? r½Sdwmudk 'umBuD;u ½Sdygw,fvdkU
jyefacsyae &if r[kwfwmudk jyefNyD; acsy&m a&mufw,f? r[kwfaMumif; 0efcH&m
a&mufw,f? t½Sdudk t½Sdtwdkif;? r½Sdwmudk r½SdwJhtwdkif; acsyzdkU 0efcHzdkU vdkygw,f/
ocifjrwfqdkif -rSefyg bk&m;? qHk;ryg bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -0efcH&if NyD;'gygyJ/
ocifjrwfqdkif -wynfhawmf tpuwJu t½Sifbk&m;wdkU\ ajcrIefUavmufrQ t&nftcsif; r½Sdygbl;vdkU
0efcH NyD;om;yg bk&m;? qHk;r&mudk emcHzdkU toifhyg bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -'umBuD;u ½Sdw,f? olwdkUu r½Sdbl;vdkY axmufjyw,f? tck olwdkU axmufjywJhtwdkif;
'DygVd upömea*gwåokwfrSm r½Sdwm rSefaew,f r[kwfvm;/
ocifjrwfqdkif -rSefaeygw,f bk&m;? t"dyÜm,fawmh ygw,f xifygw,f bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -t"dyÜg,fvJ rwlbJ jzpfaevdrfhr,f/
ocifjrwfqdkif -'Dt"dyÜg,f&ovm;vdkU bk&m;/
OD;Óedu -ygVdawmf&JU teufu 'umBuD;wifjyovdk r[kwfbl;? 'DrSm wifjyNyD;om; ½Sdygw,f/
ocifjrwfqdkif -qHk;rawmfrlyg bk&m;? wynfhawmf q&mawmfwdkU wynfhyJ? b,fvdkvkyfvkyf &ygw,f
bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -rSm;&if rSm;aMumif; 0efcHvdkufyg/
ocifjrwfqdkif -rSm;aMumif; 0efcHygw,f bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -'umBuD; 0efcH&if bkef;BuD;wdkU twnfûyNyD/
obmywd -trSwf(18) acsyvTmu [kwfrS r[kwfbJ? 'gudk ausmfvdkufawmh/
ocifjrwfqdkif -rSefyg? ausmfzwfyghr,f bk&m;/
«8? 7? 81? toHzrf;êud;acGrS»

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf (19)

,ck wynfhawmf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pGyfpGJcsuf trSwfpOf 19-udk jyefvnf
½Sif;vif;ygawmhrnf bk&m;/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u av;oacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; Ak'¨jrwfpGm jznfhqnf;cJhaom
yg&rDawmfrsm;udk apmfum;armfum; ûyonf[laom pGyfpGJcsuf jzpfygonf/
þ0dedpä,cHk½Hk;awmf\ wynfhawmfwdkUtay: uefUowfcsuf pnf;urf;rSm ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfESifh
tH0if*Gifus w&m;awmfrsm;\ abmiftwGif;üom ajzMum;&rnf[k wduspGm Muyfrwfxm;onfjzpfí
wynfhawmfrsm; rnfonfh urÇmYpmayudkrQ apmif;iJhírQrMunfhbJ ajzMum;ae&ygonf? xdkUaMumifh ,ckvnf;
ax&0g'jzpfaom q|rl rl&if; yd#uwfawmft& ajzMum;avQmufxm;&aomf-
þav;oacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; paom pum;rsdK;udk Ak'¨½Sifawmf a[mawmfrl&ef rqdkxm;bd
wpfurÇm\ umvoufwrf;udkyif a[mawmfrrlaMumif;udk atmufyg yd#uwftudk;tum;jzifh
ed'geoH,kwf terw*¾oH,kwfydkif; yAÁwokwf 377-wGif þodkU jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlcsufudk
awGU&ygonf bk&m;/
]]&[ef;wpfyg;u þurÇm\ toufonf tb,frQ ½SdygNyDenf;}}[k Ak'¨½SifawmfodkU
avQmufxm;onfwGif Ak'¨½Sifawmfu ]]&[ef; urÇmonf ½Snfvsm;vS\? urÇmudk þrQaom ESpfaygif;wpf&mç
ESpfaygif;wpfaxmifç ESpfaygif;wpfodef;ç wpfoef; [lí a&wGufjcif;iSm rvG,facs? Oyrmtm;jzifh tvsm;teH
wpf,lZempD xkxnf½Sdaom ajrpdkifcJBuD;rS ESpfwpf&mvQif wpfBudrf? wpfBudrfvQif rkefnif;aph wpfaphpmrQ
,lojzifh xdkajrpdkifcJBuD;onf ukefaomfom ukefoGm;rnf? þurÇm\ ukefjcif;odkUum; ra&mufao;? &[ef;
þurÇmonf þodkU½Snfvsm;vS\? xdkUaMumifh wpfckaom urÇm[kvnf;aumif;? ESpfckaomurÇm[k
vnf;aumif;? urÇmwpfq,f[lívnf;aumif;? urÇmwpf&m[lívnf;aumif;? urÇmwpfaxmif[lí
vnf;aumif;? urÇmwpfodef;[lívnf;aumif;? urÇmwpfoef;[lívnf;aumif; rajymqdktyf?
þodkUjzpfjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifhenf;? &[ef; þurÇm\vnf;aumif;? þoHo&m\vnf;aumif;
tptqHk;onf rxifEdkif? vGwfajrmufjcif;iSmomvQif oifhvSayownf;}}[k rdefUawmfrl\/
þwpfokwfom r[kwfao;yg bk&m;? tvm;wl ta[mtrdefUrsm;ü atmufygtwdkif; awGU&ygonf
bk&m;/
ed'ge terw*¾oH,kwf yAÁwokwf 377/
ed'ge terw*¾oH,kwf omoyokwf 377-378/
ed'ge terw*¾oH,kwf om0uokwf 378/

tpodkU
ed'ge terw*¾oH,kwf **Fgokwf 378-379

ponfwdkUüvnf; awGU&ygao;onf? odkUjzpf&m ,cktcef;ü apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifoGif;aom
av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; paom pum;rsdK;udk Ak'¨½Sifawmf a[mawmfrlaompum; r[kwfaMumif; wifjy
avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh 0dbif;ygVdawmfü ygaom aemufqHk; ]]"r®[',0dbif;}} ü ygaom
jA[®mwdkU\ toufç urÇm½Spfaomif;av;axmifqdkaom ae0onmemonm jA[®mwdkU\
toufta&twGuf ponfwdkUonfvnf; Ak'ä[mESifh rqdkifyg bk&m;/
yg&rD jznfhawmfrl&jcif;udkrl wynfhawmf jiif;qdkjcif; rûyyg? þrQjzifh þtcef; 19-udk
avQmufxm;ygaMumif;yg bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf (20-21) racsyvdk

,ck apm'u q&mawmfrsm;bufrS wifxm;aom tcef; (20-21)ESifh ywfoufí wynfhawmf
ajzMum;&ef qE´½Sdygaomfvnf; þtcef;rsm;üygaom oH*g,emwifordkif;rsm;rSm jrefrmvdka&m
taemufwdkif;pmayrsm;rS pmtkyfusrf;pm jzpfaeí q|oH*g,emwif usrf;rsm;ü rawGU&ygaomaMumifh
wynfhawmf ajzMum;&ef r0Hh jzpfaeygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh aemufqHk;tcef;rsm;udk bk&m;wynfhawmftm; cGifhvTwfawmfrl&ef av;jrwfpGm
awmif;yef&ygonf bk&m;/
aemufqHk;taeESifh wynfhawmf av;pm;pGm avQmufMum;vdkonfrSm ,ck wynfhawmf
þ0dedpä,cHk½Hk;awmfodkY wynfhawmftaeESifh ajzMum;orQonf rlvapwemtm;jzifh omoemawmf oefU½Sif;
wnfwHhjyefUyGm;a&; [laom EdkifiHawmf\vkyfief;BuD;wGif wpfpHkwpfckaom twdkif;twmtxd
ulnD&ma&mufvQif auseyfNyD[laom oabmrQom jzpfygonf bk&m;/
tEdkift½IH;xm;jcif;oabm r[kwfaMumif; pum;OD;avQmufxm;csuf twdkif;om jzpfygí
qHk;jzwf&efrSm q&mawmfrsm;\ tcGifhta&;rQom jzpfygaomaMumifh wynfhawmf ravQmufxm;vdkyg bk&m;/
ed*Hk;tm;jzifh þ0dedpä,cHk½Hk;awmf½Sd 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? wifjyawmfrlMuaom
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? pDpOfawmfrlMuaom oufqdkif&m wm0ef½Sdyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;
vnf;aumif; txl;aus;Zl;wif 0rf;ajrmufaMumif; av;pm;pGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
ocifjrwfqdkif acsycsuf NyD;\/

tpodkU

or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ acsyvTm
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyfrS wifoGif;aom ed'gef;
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf\ aom"em trSwf(1)
OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkUonf bmomrJh ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf\ aom"emtrSwf (3)
(31)bHkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; vufrcH[lí rSm;,Gif;pGm a&;om;a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf\ aom"em trSwf (5)
a&;om; a[majymrIESifh ywfoufí tay:apm'emcsuf aom"emcsuf
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf\ aom"em trSwf (6)
av[ef rSm;,Gif;pGm ajymqdka0zefjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf\ aom"em trSwf(8)
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ orxvrf;pOfESifh 0dyóemvrf;pOfwdkUudk zsufqD;NyD; oHo&mrS xGwfajrmuf&m vrf;udk
ydwfyif[efUwm; zsufqD;aeMuyHkESifh ywfoufí usrf;*ef taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
vkyfcJhjcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh usrf;*eftaxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh xyfrHapm'emaom apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf\ aom"emtrSwf(10)
oHCmawmfudk apmfum;rI ûyjcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
"avhxkH;pHrsm;udk tvkdqkd;jzifh tjrpfrSvSefvsuf wl;ûzdzsufqD;aejcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsuftay:
aom"emcsuf

tpodkU

aom"emcsuf
jyifqifzGifhqdk a&;om;jcif; apm'emqdkif&m apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
pyfvsOf;í apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
ywfoufonfh apm'emcsuftay: aom"emcsuf
ed*Hk;

tpodkU
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyfrS wifoGif;aom

ed'gef;
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf (A[dk)
trSwf (954) arcvmcef;r
16^1-&yfuGuf? &wemvrf;?
oCFef;uRef;ûrdUe,f? &efukefûrdU?
aeUpGJ/ 1981-ck? Zlvdkifv (8) &uf/
odkU
obmywdq&mawmf
jynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fcHktzGJU trSwf (2)
ty&a*g,meausmif;aqmif
urÇmat;ukef;ajr? &efukefûrdU/
ed'gef;vTmyg bk&m;-
vZÆDayov odu©mumr oDv0EÅ yd#uwå,yg&*l jzpfawmfrlMuukefaom EdkifiHawmf
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f cHk½Hk; trSwf(2) obmywd q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh tzGJU0if q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkU
bk&m;/
wynfhawmfrsm; or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS pk'dwu'g,um taygif;wdkUu q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\
ajcawmfpHkudk OD;cdkufí ½dkaoav;pm;pGm avQmufxm;vTm wifoGif;tyfygonf bk&m;/
,ck wynfhawmfwdkU wifoGif;avQmufxm;onfh wifoGif;vTmonf apm'u&[ef;awmf
t½Sifoljrwfrsm; wifoGif;apm'emonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk aom"emûy&mü tcsDed'gef; jzpfygonf?
oD;jcm;wifoGif;vTm r[kwfaMumif; a½S;OD;pGm todtrSwf ûyyg&ef avQmufxm;vdkygonf bk&m;?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS Ak'¨0g'Dyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; wifjyjzefUjzL;onfh Ak'¨0g'"r®a'oemawmfrsm;tay: "r®ç
t"r® pdppf&mü tjynfhtpHk wifjyygrS aMumif;usdK;qufpyfrI ½Sdygvdrfhrnf? þudpöonf jrefrmEdkifiH
Ak'ömoemhordkif;wGif tvGefta&;BuD;aom udpö&yf jzpfygaomaMumifh omreftm;jzifh avQmufxm;í
rjzpfyg? ayghayghwefwef oabmrsdK;jzifh wifjyí rjzpfyg? tav;teufxm;í t½Sdudk t½Sdtwdkif; tjzpfudk
tjzpftwdkif; rSefuefpGm wifjyygrS Ak'ömoemawmftwGuf BuD;pGmaom taxmuftul jzpfygvdrfhrnf
bk&m;/

tpodkU
Ak'¨bmom Ak'ömoemawmfonf wpfOD;wpfa,mufydkif r[kwfyg? wpfoif;wpfzGJUydkif r[kwfyg?

wpf*dkPf;ydkif r[kwfyg? Ak'¨jrwfpGmtm; ½SiftmeE´mrax&fjrwfBuD;u ]]&[ef;oHCmESifh pyfvsOf;í
wpfpHkwpf&mudkrQ >rufMum;awmfrrl&ao;orQ umvywfvHk; y&dedAÁmef pH0ifawmfrlvdrfhrnf r[kwf[k
atmufarhrdaomaMumifh oufomcGifh &ygawmhonf t½Sifbk&m;}}[k avQmufxm;onfh tcgwGif
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifu þodkU rdefYMum; awmfrlonfudk r[my&dedAÁmeokwfwGif awGU½Sd&ygonf bk&m;/
]]tmeE´m... &[ef;oHCmonf ighxHrS tb,ft&mudkrsm; arQmfvifhaeao;oenf;? tmeE´m igonf
twGif;tjyif rxm;bJ w&m;udk a[mcJhNyD;NyD? tmeE´m wxm*wum; w&m;ü q&mpm; csefxm;aom
vQdKU0Sufcsuf r½Sdacs}}
]]tmeE´m... &[ef;oHCmudk igomvQif odrf;,lxm;tHh[lívnf;aumif;? &[ef;oHCmonf
ighudkomvQif tm;udk;jcif; ½Sdaeap[lívnf;aumif; vdkvm;jcif;½Sdaom olonfomvQif &[ef;oHCmESifh
pyfvsOf;í >rufqdk&m\? tmeE´m... wxm*wrlum; xdkodkU r[kwfay? tmeE´m xdkodkU vdkvm;jcif;r½Sdaom
wxm*wonf &[ef;oHCmESifh pyfvsOf;í wpfpHkwpf&m rSmxm;csufudk tb,frSm >rufMum;awmhtHhenf;}}
þtaxmuftxm;t& Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf rdrdomoemawmfudk rnfoltm;rQ rtyfESif;cJhaMumif;
od½Sd&ygonf? xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨bmom omoemawmfonf wpfOD;wpfa,muf wpfoif;wpfzGJU wpf*dkPf;ydkif
r[kwfbJ Ak'üdk Munfñdkav;pm;ol tm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaMumif; xif½Sm;ygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh ,ck wynfhawmfwdkU &ifqdkif&rnfh udpöonf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ "r®a&;&mudpö jzpfaomaMumifh
tvGef 0efav;vSygonf? Ak'¨jrwfpGm y&dedAÁmefûyawmfrlNyD;aemuf wynfhom0ursm;twGif; *dkPf;trsdK;rsdK;
uGJjym;í t,ltqa&;&m uGJvGJvmMuonfrSm ,aeUwdkif jzpfygawmhonf bk&m;? Ak'üdk Munfñdkol
tcsif;csif; udk,fhtjrifESifhudk,f aecJhMuygonf? ,ckaomf apm'ursm;ESifh &ifqdkif&awmhrnf jzpfaomaMumifh
0denf;"dk&fcHk½Hk;tzGJU0if q&mawmfBuD;rsm; tjynfhtpHk odoifhonf[k ,lqygaomaMumifh wynfhawmfrsm;tm;
jynfhpHkpGm avQmufxm; cGifhûyawmfrlyg&ef ½dkaoav;pm;pGm cGifhyefMum;tyfygonf bk&m;/
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;ESifh awGUqHkpOfuyifvQif wynfhawmfrsm;\
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUESifh ywfoufí jzpf&yftrSefudk tao;pdyf wifjy avQmufxm;cJhNyD;ygNyD?
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\ pdwfwGif oHo,uif;½Sif;oGm;ap&ef &nfoefí avQmufxm;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf?
onfhxufydkí ½Sif;ap&eftwGufvnf; vuf½Sd or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ tajctaeoabmxm;
ponfwdkUudk azmfjyvsuf pmwrf;avQmufvTmudk EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJU A[dkXmecsKyfodkU (16-3-
81) aeUpGJjzifh wifoGif;í atmufygtwdkif; avQmufxm;cJhygonf bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ / apm'em (21)csufESifh rywfoufí EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJUodkU ay;ydkUaom
pmudkþ½Hk;awmfu zwfMum;cGifh rûyyg/
txufazmfjyyg pmwrf;wGif wynfhawmfrsm; wifjyavQmufxm;csufrsm;rSm ½dk;om;jzLpifpGm
avQmufxm;onfh tcsufrsm; jzpfygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;\ cH,lcsufESifh oabmxm;tppftrSefrsm;

tpodkU
jzpfMuygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkU w&m;½SmonfrSm "r®-t"r® tjiif;yGm;&eftwGuf r[kwfyg bk&m;?

'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;twGufom w&m;½SmMujcif; jzpfygonf[lí avQmufxm;cJhonfrSm ½dk;om;pGm
avQmufxm;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? ]]at;apvdkvdkU w&m;em? ylZmpESifhawGU}}[laom tjzpfrsdK;udk
wynfhawmfrsm; vHk;0rvdkvm;onfrSm trSefwu,fyif jzpfygonf bk&m;? ]]w&m;r½SmrdvQif
taumif;om;}}[laom oabmxm;rsdK;vnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;twGif; jyefUyGm;roGm;apvdkyg bk&m;?
Ak'¨bmom0if tcsif;csif; Ak'üdk Munfñdkoltcsif;csif; ]]vdk-jznfhç ydk-ûzwf}} oabmxm; BuD;BuD;xm;í
n§dEdIif;vdkufvQif at;Nidrf; NyD;ajyoGm;vdrfhrnf[lívnf;aumif; wynfhawmfwdkU cH,lusifhoHk;csuf
a[majymcsufrsm;wGif r[mem,u q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;u rESpfoufaom tcsuftvufrsm;
yg½SdygvQif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;u arwåm&yfcH qdkqHk;ronfudk em,ljcif;tm;jzifh at;Nidrf;
NyD;ajyoGm;rnf[lívnf;aumif; ½dk;om;pGmyif ,HkMunfcJhygonf bk&m;/
odkU&mwGif wynfhawmfrsm; ,HkMunfarQmfvifhonfhtwdkif; vufawGUwGifjzpfrvmcJhyg? wynfhawmfwdkU
rarQmfvifhonfh wynfhawmfrsm; rvkyfvdkonfh EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fcHk½Hk;odkU twifcH&NyD;
jyefvSefacsy&rnfh tqifhodkU a&mufvmcJh&ygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh-
bk&m;vlUb? rkedE´vsuf? rdef;ra,mufsm;? vlUpum;jzifh? rMum;pawmif;? rqdkaumif;udk?
taMumif;aqmifaoG;? qdkwHkao;½Sifh? qdka&;½Sdu? qdktyfvS\? qdkprsm;vsm;? xm;yacsrd?
igh0ef½SdcJh-
[lí tif;0acwf pmqdkawmf ½Sifr[m&|om& rdefUMum;pyfqdkouJhodkUyif qdkcGifhqdk&m
a&mufvmíom avQmufxm;&ygonf bk&m;? qdkoifhqdk&mudk ravQmufxm;jyefvQifvnf;
wynfhawmfrsm;wGif wm0efraus jzpf&ygawmhrnf? þodkU wm0efraus jzpfrnfhwmaMumifhom
avQmufxm;&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? q&mawmfBuD;rsm;tm; r½dkrao rav;rpm;í r[kwfyg bk&m;?
yif;,acwf pmayynm½SifBuD;jzpfaom tbd"mef#Dumusrf;ûy q&mBuD; pwk&*FAvtrwfBuD;u ql;wGif;ypf
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;tm; tbd"r®ma&;&mESifh ywfoufí ykpäm ar; avQmuf&mü-
]]a½Tb0g;awmfatmuf? uRef\avQmufjzifh? ravQmuf0Hh0Hh? avQmuf0Hh0HhESifh?
½GHUaMumufvsufyif? pufa½Tpifudk? xdyfjyifyef;ES,f? qifpHy,fvsuf}}
[laom xHk;udk ESvHk;rlí wynfhawmfwdkUrSm q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\ ynm*kPf oDv*kPf
orm"d*kPfwdkUudk tvGefav;pm;vSojzifh ravQmuf0Hh0Hhjzifh avQmufxm;&jcif; jzpfygonf t½Sifbk&m;?
raMumuf½GHUaompdwf ,SOfûydifvdkaompdwfjzifh avQmufxm;jcif;rsdK; r[kwfaMumif;udk ½dk;om;pGm wifjy

tpodkU
½SifOuú|0g'qdkonfESifh ywfoufí
½SifOuú|0g'qdkonfudk wu,fyif rMum;zl;MuaomaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkU ½dk;om;pGm jiif;y,fjcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;? trSefwu,fvnf; q&mawmfBuD; ½SifOuú|onf wynfhawmfwdkUtm; edum,frsm;wGif
vm½Sdonfh Ak'¨\ "r®a'oemrsm;udkom a[mMum;cJhygonf? wrif wDxGifí topftqef; bmw&m;udkrQ
ra[mMum;cJhyg bk&m;? ½SifOuú| a[mMum;onfh Ak'¨\ "r®a'oemrsm;udkom ]]½SifOuú|0g'}}[k
trnfwyfrnfqdkvQif jrefrmEdkifiHwGif "r®uxduaygif;pHk a[maom w&m;rsm;ESifh 0dyóem*dkPf; rsdK;pHkwdkUu
rdrdwdkU\ tjrifESifh rdrdwdkUa[m ajymaeonfh w&m;rsm;udkvnf; xdk"r®uxdursm; xdk0dyóem*dkPf;0if
&[ef;awmfrsm;\ bGJUtrnfESifh *dkPf;trnfrsm; wGJzufí OD;Z#dv0g'ç OD;ÓPdó&0g'ç r[mpnf0g'ç
pGef;vGef;0g'ç rdk;n§if;0g'ç ÓPpm*D0g'ç ponftm;jzifh trnfwyfqif&ygvdrfhrnf bk&m;? þodkUqdkvQif
jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd Ak'¨bmomavmuwGif 0g'aygif; &mESifhaxmifESifhcsDí ay:aygufaeNyD[k qdk&ygvdrfhrnf?
]]½SifOuú|0g'}} udk "r®-t"r® pdppfvQif tjcm; q&mawmfrsm;\ w&m;rsm;ESifh 0dyóem*dkPf;rsdK;pHkwdkU\
w&m;rsm;udkvnf; "r®-t"r®[k pdppf&ygvdrfhrnf? þodkUqdkvQif omoema&; tajctaerSm wpfrsdK;wpfzHk
ajymif;vJoGm;Edkifygonf bk&m;/

or®m'd|dokawoe0g'
,ckwpfzef EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUu or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf Ouú|BuD;xHodkU (19-
5-81) aeUpGJjzifh ay;ydkUonfh pmtrSwf 208^3ôm-r[ewGif ]]or®m'd|dokawoe0g'}}[laom
toHk;tEIef;udk wynfhawmfwdkU twdtvif; jiif;qdkygonf? oD;jcm; topftqef; r[kwfaomaMumifh
jzpfygonf bk&m;? 0g'qdkonfrSm yk*¾dKvfwpfOD; wpfa,mufu rdrdbmom wDxGifí topftqef;wpfck
jzpfonfh t,ltqa&;&mwpfck (0g) wDxGifzefwD;onfh t,ltqopfwpf&yf[k wynfhawmfwdkU
oabmayguf em;vnfygonf bk&m;? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUwGif t,ltqa&;&m oabmxm;cH,lcsuf
(12) csuf ½Sdygonf bk&m;? xdkcH,lcsuf (12)csufonfvnf; wynfhawmfrsm;u topftqef;tjzpf
wDxGifzefwD;xm;csufrsm; r[kwfyg bk&m;? Ak'¨\ "r®a'oem awmfrsm;udk avhvm;usifhoHk;í &½Sdaom
Ak'¨0g'tESpfom&rsm;udk aumufEkwfNyD; wynfhawmfwdkU\ cH,lcsuftjzpf jyXmef;xm;jcif;om jzpfygonf
bk&m;? 0g'wpfcktjzpf zefwD;xm;jcif; r[kwfyg bk&m;/
or®m'd|dokawoeqdkonfrSm tjrifrSef&½Sda&;twGuf avhvm½SmazGrnf[laom t"dyÜm,fudk
wynfhawmfrsm; &nfñTef;xm;ygonf bk&m;? rnfonfhudpötwGuf tjrifrSef &ap&ef vdktyfygoenf;?
'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;udk ydkUaqmifEdkifonfh tusifhvrf;pOftwGufom tjrifrSef &½Sd&ef vdktyfygonf?
tjrifrrSefvQif tusifhvrf;pOfvnf; rSefuefEdkifrnf r[kwfyg bk&m;? tusifhvrf;pOf rrSefuefvQif
Ak'¨tvdkawmfus 'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;ESifh uif;a0;í ab;odkUom acsmfxGufoGm;ygrnf bk&m;? Ak'ävmif;vsm
od'¨w¬onf O½ka0vawmwGif (6)ESpfwmywfvHk; 'kuú&p&d,mtusifhrSm;BuD;udk rao½Hk tajctaexd

tpodkU
rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhoHk;rdcJhonfrSm rSefuefaom tjrifjzpfonfh ]]t&d,mynm}} udk r&½SdcJhaomaMumifh

jzpfonf[k rZÑdredum,f jrefrmjyef r[moD[em'okwf pmrsufESm (122) wGif awGUjrifzwf½I&ygonf
bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh tjrifrSef &½Sda&;udk taxmuftulûyonfh or®mouFyÜ jzpfEdkif&eftwGuf wynfhawmfwdkU
avhvmMu&ygrnf? ½SmazGMu&ygrnf? qnf;yl;Mu&ygrnf bk&m;? Ak'¨0g'ESifh ywfoufaom pmayrsdK;pHkudk
zwf½IMu&ygrnf? rdrdwdkU ½SmazG&½SdorQ avhvm&½SdorQ zwf½I&½SdorQ "r®rdwfaqGtcsif;csif; pka0;í
wifjyMu&ygrnf? aqG;aEG;Mu&ygrnf? a0zefoHk;oyfMu&ygrnf? 0dbZÆ0g'D jzpfawmfrlaom Ak'¨\
vrf;pOftwdkif; qef;ppfoHk;oyfMu&ygrnf? &½SdorQ Ak'¨0g' tESpfom&rsm;udk vufawGUvdkufem
usifhoHk;Mu&ygrnf? 'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;rSefvQif vufcHMu&efom jzpfygonf bk&m;? þodkU wynfhawmfwdkU
cH,lqHk;jzwfí udk,fwdkifvnf; vufawGU vkyfudkifMuygonf usifhoHk;Muygonf bk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkUonf or®m'd|dtjrifrSef &½Sda&;twGufom t"dutm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd
usrf;ûyq&mawmf toD;oD;wdkU\ usrf;pmtrsdK;rsdK;udkvnf;aumif; vlynm½Sdrsm; a&;om;onfh
usrf;pmtrsdK;rsdK;udk vnf;aumif; zwf½IavhvmMuygonf? xdkUjyif taemufwdkif; ygVdynm½Sifrsm;ç tdEd´,
oD[dkVf ygVdynm½Sifrsm;ç Ak'üsrf;pm ynm½Sifrsm; a&;om;ûypkonfh Ak'¨0g'qdkif&m usrf;pmtrsdK;rsdK;
okawoepmwrf; trsdK;rsdK;udkvnf; zwf½Iavhvm Muygonf? yd#uwfjrefrmjyefusrf;rsm;udkvnf;
zwf½IavhvmMuygonf? urÇmYordkif;ç tdEd´,EdkifiHordkif;ç omoemhordkif;vrf;aMumif;ç oH*g,emwifyHkrsm;ç
pifûydif o*Fg,emwifyGJrsm;ç tdEd´,'óersm;ESifh tdEd´,pmayordkif; ponfwdkUudkvnf; avhvmMuygonf
bk&m;/
þodkU avhvmqnf;yl;&mü ]]auorkwådokwåef}} wGif yg0ifaom tcsuf (10)csufjzifh abmifcwfNyD;
Ak'¨ jrwfpGm\ tewåç y#dpöorkyÜg'wdkUudk tajccHxm;í avhvmMuygonf bk&m;? &½SdorQ "r®omupämyGJrsm;
usif;yí wifjyNyD; a0zefaqG;aEG;Muygonf bk&m;? r½Sif;vif;onfh tcsuftvufrsm; oHo,jzpfonfh
tcsuftvufrsm; t,ltqa&;&mESifh ywfoufonfh oabmw&m;rsm; ponfwdkUudk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
t½SifOuú|tm; ar;jref;avQmufxm;Muygonf bk&m;? q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ½Sif;vif;csufrsm;
w&m;a'oemrsm;udkvnf; emMum;Muygonf? &½SdorQ wifjyaqG;aEG;í wynfhawmfwdkU\
'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;twGuf vufawGUtoHk;csMuygonf? vdkufemusifhoHk;Muygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨jrwfpGm\
"r®*kPfawmfrsm;ESifh nDñGwfonfh w&m;awmfrsm;udk vufawGU usifhoHk;Muygonf bk&m;? eD;pyfonfh
"r®rdwfaqGrsm;udkvnf; vufqifhurf;cJhygonf? tvHk;pHk 'ku©rNidrf;at;onfhwdkifatmif at;Nidrf;EdkiforQ
at;Nidrf;EdkifMuygap... [laom oefUpifonfh apwemjzifh 'ku©Nidrf;at;ap&ef t"duxm;í
vufqifhurf;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
wynfhawmfrsm; þodkU vufawGUusifhoHk;jcif; vufqifhurf;jcif;wdkUrSm 0g'opfwpf&yfudk
xlaxmifí topftqef; wDxGifûyvkyfjcif; r[kwfyg? Ak'¨0g' tESpfom&abmiftwGif;wGif ûyvkyfjcif;om
jzpfygonf? auorkwådokwåefvm Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ Mo0g'a'oemESifh tnDom vdkufemaqmif½Gufjcif;

tpodkU
jzpfygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨0g'udk avhvmí oabmaygufavav Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk Munfñdkavav jzpfygonf

bk&m;? Ak'ömoemawmf jyefUyGm;apvdkonfh apwemvrf; ay:aygufavav jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þapwemjzifhom wynfhawmfrsm;onf Ak'¨\ "r®a'oemawmfrsm;udk jzefUjzL;cJhMuygonf bk&m;/
þodkU or®m'd|d tjrifrSef&a&;twGuf Ak'¨0g'qdkif&m usrf;pmrsm;udk bufpHkaxmifhpHkjzifh
avhvm½SmrSD;jcif; okawoeûyjcif; "r®omupämûyjcif; jzefUjzL;jcif; ponfwdkU vkyfudkifaqmif½Gufonfudk
]]or®m'd|dokawoe0g'}}[k trnfwyfqifí pGJcsufwifjcif;onf wynfhawmfwdkU taejzifh
trsdK;rsdK;awG;xifp&m oHo,0ifvmp&mrsm; jzpfvmygonf bk&m;/
jrefrmEdkifiH Ak'¨bmomESifh ywfoufí &[ef;awmfrsm;wGif rlv*dkPf;trsdK;rsdK; uGJjym;cJhonfhtjyif
,ck wl&mpkpnf;vdkufonfh tcgwGifyif *dkPf;BuD; (9) *dkPf; usef½Sdaeygao;onf? ,ck vuf½Sd
0dyóem*dkPf;rsdK;pHkESifh bmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsdK;pHkyg xnfhaygif;vdkufvQif *dkPf;tzGJUtpnf; rsm;pGm
½Sdaeygao;onf? xdkodkU &[ef;*dkPf;rsm; 0dyóem*dkPf;rsm;ESifh bmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;pGmwdkUonf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ "r®a'oemrsm; tay:wGif rdrdwdkU ½Ijrifrdonfh oabmaygufrdonfh tjrifjzifh Munfhí
a[majymjzefUjzL;aeMuygonf bk&m;? t"du &nf½G,fcsufrSm Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ omoemawmfwnfwhH
cdkifjrJ&efESifh jyefUyGm;&efom jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdkomoemûytzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif wynfhawmfrsm;
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUonfvnf; tzGJUwpfzGJUtaejzifh yg0ifaeygonf bk&m;/
"r®t"r® tjiif;yGm;rI
þuJhodkUaom tajctaersdK;wGif or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUonf rnfolESifhrQ "r® t"r®
tjiif;ryGm;vdkyg? rlvuyifvQif rdrdwdkU Nidrf;at;a&;twGufom w&m;½SmrSD;avhvmcJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;?
vlom;"r®rdwfaqGrsm; pkaygif;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfojzifh zGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'u ay;tyfxm;aom
tcGifhta&;t& vGwfvyfpGm avhvm½SmrSD;jcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;? auorkwådokwåefvm Ak'¨jrwfpGm\
a'oemrdefUrSmcsufrsm;onf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUtm; tvGefw&m w&m;rQwonfh vGwfvyfcGifhudk
ay;xm;ygonf bk&m;? þtcGifhta&;rsdK;udk tjcm;rnfonfh bmomwGifrS ay;xm;onfudk rawGU&yg
bk&m;/
Ak'¨\0g'onf 0dbZÆ0g' jzpfonf? Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf 0dbZÆ0g'D jzpfawmfrlonf [laomtcsufudk
0denf; "dk&fq&mawmf t½Sifjrwfrsm;vnf; twnfûyvufcHNyD; jzpfawmfrlygonf? 0dbZÆ0g'D jzpfawmfrlaom
Ak'¨\ wynfhom0ursm; jzpfMuonfh wynfhawmfwdkUonf or®m'd|d tjrifrSef&½Sda&;wGif taxmuftul
jzpf&eftwGufom (0g) 'ku©Nidrf;a&;twGufom avhvm½SmrSD;í a0zefqef;ppfNyD; vufcHusifhoHk;MuonfrSm
tjypfr½Sday[lí ½dk;om;pGmyif ,HkMunfMuygonf bk&m;? Avhvm½SmrSD;jcif;ç a0zefqef;ppfjcif;wdkUonf
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ Mo0g'awmfESifh tnDom jzpfonf[k cH,lMuygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
a0zefqef;ppfjcif;ESifh tjypf½Smjcif;wdkUrSm tvGefjcm;em;aMumif;udkvnf; wynfhawmfrsm;

em;vnfoabmaygufMuygonf bk&m;? rdrdbmom0iftcsif;csif; "r®okawoD rdwfaqGtcsif;csif;
wifjyjcif;ç aqG;aEG;jcif; ar;jref;jcif;ç ajzMum;jcif;wdkUudk 'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;twGuf ½dk;om;pGm
vkyfaqmifoifhonf[k ,lqygonf bk&m;? 0g'EÅ& bmomjcm;wdkUu Ak'ËSifh Ak'¨0g' "r®a'oemrsm;udk
xdyg;vmonfh tcgrsdK;wGif acsy,SOfûydifjcif;rSm wpfcef;wpfu@ jzpfygonf bk&m;/
wynfhawmfrsm; or®m'd|dokawoe "r®rdwfaqGrsm;onf vl'g,um 'g,dumrrsm;om
jzpfMuaomaMumifh avmu0wft& om;orD;ç r,m; ZeD; polwdkU\ pm;0wfaea&; zlvHk&eftwGuf
or®yÜ"mef w&m;av;yg;ESifhtnD pD;yGm;Opöm ½SmazGMu&ygonf? omoemh0efxrf;rsm; r[kwfMuaomaMumifh
tcsdefjynfh "r®a&;&mrsm;udk avhvmEdkifjcif; r½SdMuyg? ]]aq;wpftdk;uRrf;-uGrf;wpf&mnuf}} qdkovdk
&oavmuf tcsdefwdkuav;udk t&trd,lí avhvmMu&ygonf bk&m;? &[ef;awmfrsm;uJhodkU
pmayy&d,wådudk tajccHrSpí roif,lcJhzl;aomaMumifh &½SdorQ tcsdefuav;rsm;udk tusdK;½Sdatmif
toHk;cs&ygonf bk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkUrSm q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;ESifh apm'ut½Sifjrwfrsm;uJhodkU yd#uwftwGuf
tajccHjzpfaom o'´gBuD;ç ½lyod'¨dç Amvm0wm&ç Esmoç o'´gi,f q,fhav;apmifç o'éDwd (okwårmvm?
"mwkrmvm? y'rmvm)ç tbd"mefç tvuFmç qef;usrf; ponfwdkUudk roif,lcJhzl;yg? yk'fppfç ½kyfppfç
o'´gppfç Óofaumufç enf;av;q,fç oH0PÖemç Oypmq,fyg; ponfwdkUudkvnf; qdk;½dk;ESifhwuG
roifMum;cJhzl;yg? ed,H½Spfusrf;ESifh pHausmif;ed,H ponfwdkUudkvnf; rusufrSwfcJhzl;yg? twufç txGufç
pk'fç apm'emç aewådenf; ponfwdkUjzifh t|uxm usrf;rsm;udkvnf; rwuf,lcJhzl;yg? oû*Ø[fç #Dumausmfç
y&rw¬0dedpä,ç emr½lyy&dapä'ç tbd"r®m0wm&ç rPdom&rÍÆLom #Dumusrf;rsm;udkvnf; rusufcJhzl;yg?
0Dxdvuf½dk;vnf; rqdkcJhzl;yg? bHkyk*¾dKvf pdwf& qdkonfudkvnf; o½kyfrcGJcJhzl;yg? rmwdumç "mwkuxmç
n0gt&aumufrsm;ç ,rdkufq,fusrf;t& aumufrsm;udkvnf; rvdkufcJh&zl;yg? y|mef;t&aumuf
awmifûrdUenf;ç ppfudkif;awmif½dk;enf;ç y|mef;odyÜHenf;ç rpdk;&drfenf; ponfwdkUudkvnf; ravhusufcJhzl;yg?
a'Grmwdum (bdu©KESifh bdu©KeDygwdarmuf)? ck'ódu©mç rlvodu©m[laom 0denf;i,fav;apmifygVdç
ucFg0dw&PDt|uxm? 0ZD&Ak'¨d#Dum paom 0denf;usrf;rsm;udkvnf; ygVdbmomjzifh ravhvmcJhzl;yg?
usrf;BuD;azmufenf;jzifh ygVdawmf edum,fBuD;rsm;udkvnf; razmufcJhzl;yg bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkUrSm o½kyfouef t&aumufrsm;xuf oabmaygufa&;udkom
t"duxm;í avhvmMu&ygonf bk&m;? yd#uwfjrefrmjyefrsm;? jrefrmbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;onfh
usrf;pmrsm;ESifh t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh avhvmxm;onfh usrf;pmrsm;udkom tm;udk;tm;xm;ûyí
avhvmvdkufpm;Mu&ygonf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkUrSm pmayy&d,wåd rwwfuRrf;aMumif;
½dk;om;pGm avQmufxm;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? tjiif;yGm;&eftwGuf w&m;½Smjcif; r[kwfaomaMumifh "r®-
t"r®udpöwGif pk'dwu rvkyfvdkjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
odkU&mwGif EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUu (19-5-81)&uf aeUpGJjzifh trdefUpm xkwfqifhí

pk'dwuvkyf&rnf[k ñTefMum;vmygaomaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkUrSm EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,u
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\ trdefUawmfudk tvGefav;pm;í vGefqef0Hhjcif;iSm rwwfpGrf;Edkifygojzifh
apm'uwifvTm\ apm'emudk wwfpGrf;orQaom tao;trTm;ÓPfuav;jzifh aom"emûy&ygawmhrnfh
tajcodkU a&muf&SdcJh&ygawmhonf bk&m;? þodkU aom"emûy&mwGif-
(1) EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fcHk½Hk;tzGJU0if q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\ oDv*kPf? orm"d*kPf?
odu©m*kPfwdkUudk av;pm;jcif;ç
(2) bk&m;rsufESmawmfudkom axmufxm;rnf[laom pum;udk trSefwu,f ,HkMunfjcif;ç
(3) trIppfyk*¾dKvf\ t*Fg (5)csufESifh jynfhpHkonf[k ,HkMunfjcif;ç
(4) ynm½Sd 0denf;"dk&f\t*Fg (5)yg;ESifh jynfhpHkonf[k ,HkMunfjcif;ç
(5) t"du½kPf; Nidrf;at;rIü vdkufem&ef t*Fg (5)wefESifh trSefjynfhpHk vdrfhrnf[k pdwfcs
,HkMunfjcif; wdkUaMumifh-
bk&m;wynfhawmfwdkUonfvnf; Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ wynfhom;tppfjzpfawmfrlaom aus;Zl;½Sif
q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; ½SifOuú|\ wynfhrsm;yDopGm-
(1) Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ rsufESmawmfwpfckwnf;udkom axmufxm;í-
(2) trsuftmCmwpdwf vHk;0 rzufbJ oefUpifpGm-
(3) trSefpum;udkom obm0,kwådç tm*r,kwådwdkUjzifh ½dk;om;pGm aom"emûyygawmhrnf
t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;/

txl;avQmufxm;csuf
þodkU aom"emûy&mü yk*¾v"d|mef rzufbJ "r®"d|mefoufoufjzifhom aom"emûy&mwGif
ykwfcwfxdyg;&ef vHk;0r&nf½G,f½dk; trSefyg þyGJudk pum;&nfvkyGJuJhodkU pum;Edkif pum;ûydifppfyGJ[kvnf;
wynfhawmfrsm; r,lqyg? ]]olwyg;udk atmifEdkifvdkaom olonf rdrdtm; olwyg; tEdkifcH&\? olwyg;udk
qJa&;wwfaom olonfvnf; rdrdtm; olwyg; qJa&;jcif;udk cH&\? olwyg;udk csKyfcs,fwwfaom
olonf rdrdtm; olwyg;\ csKyfcs,fjcif;udk cH&\}}[laom o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf auovoH,kwf
pmrsufESm (5)? 'kwd, o*Fgrokwf pmrsufESm (81)wGif yg½Sdaom Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ Mo0g'udk ,HkMunfygojzifh
wynfhawmfrsm; tEdkif&,l&ef[laom &nf½G,fcsuf vHk;0ryg½Sdyg bk&m;? Ak'¨\ "r®ppf "r®rSef azmfxkwfa&;
yGJobif[kom &nf½G,fygonf bk&m;? trSef"r®qdkonfrSm trsm;vufcHonfç tenf;i,frQom
vufcHonfESifh roufqdkifyg? trSef"r®onf trSef"r®omjzpfí acszsufí &paumif;aom t&mr[kwf[k
wynfhawmfrsm; cH,lygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;\ Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf trsm;ESifhqefYusifonfh trSef"r®
tewåudk azmfxkwfvrf;ñTefonfh yk*¾dKvfxl; yk*¾dKvfjrwfBuD; jzpfawmfrlygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨jrwfpGm\

tpodkU
wynfhom;ajr;rsm; jzpfMuonfh wynfhawmfrsm;onf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ rsufESmawmfwpfckwnf;udkom (0g)

trSef"r® wpfckwnf;udkomaxmufxm;í avQmufxm;wifjy avQmufxm;rnf jzpfygaMumif;ESifh oDv0EÅ
odu©mumr yd#uwå,yg&*l jzpfawmfrlMuonfh q&mawmf t½SifoljrwfwdkUtm; twd*g&0 apwemtrSef
a½SUoGm;jzifh avQmufxm;tyfygonf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½Sifoljrwftaygif;wdkU bk&m;/
q&mawmf t½Sifoljrwftaygif;wdkU\ ajcawmftpHkudk OD;cdkufvsuf-
apm'em 21-csufESifh roufqdkifí

ed'gef;aom"emudk zwfMum;cGifhrûy
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyfrS ]]apm'u yk*¾dKvfwdkU\ ed'gef;udk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;}}[k
acgif;pD;wyfí vufEdSyfpufpmrl 9-rsufESmwdwdyg&Sdae&m pGJcsuf (21)csufESifh rnfodkYrQ roufqdkifí
½Hk;awmfu zwfMum; wifoGif;cGifh rûyaMumif; atmufygtwdkif; rdefUMum;onf/
obmywd -'DrSm apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ ed'gef;udk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;qdkNyD; a½SUzwf&rJh
udpö&Sdaew,f? tJ'Dzwf&zdkU[mvnf;bJ q&mawmfwdkU wpfaeUu 'D½Hk;awmf&JU &yfwnfcsufudk
zwfMum;xm;NyD; jzpfw,f? apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifxm;wJhtwdkif; 21-csufudkom
jyefNyD;aom"emyg (acsyyg) vdkU ajymxm;w,f? tck'DrSm apm'uyk*¾dKvfawG&JU ed'gef;udk
aom"emûyp&m rvdkygbl;? olwdkU apm'emxm;wJh 21-csufudkomvQif aom"emcGifh½Sdygw,f?
aom"emzdkU vdkygw,f? 'gaMumifh apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ ed'gef;udk aom"emûycsufygqdkwJh
pum;awGtm;vHk;udk 'DrSmwifoGif;zdkU&m q&mawmfwdkU vufrcHbl;? rqdkifwJhtwGuf
vufrcHbl;? tu,fwEÅK qdkifvdkU½Sd&if bkef;BuD;wdkU cGifhûyrSmyg? [dku apm'emxm;wm
(21)csuf apm'emxm;w,f? ed'gef;udk aom"emûyzdkUrvdkbl;? ed'gef;u olwdkU apm'emxm;wm
r[kwfbl;/
OD;jrifhaqG -rSefyg obmywdq&mawmfBuD; rdefUMum;wJhtwdkif; 21-csufxJuyJ aom"emygr,f bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf(1)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf (1)apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufvTmyg bk&m;/
apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;\ apm'em trSwf(1)wGif ]]bmomonf bdef;ESifh wlonf}}[laom
apm'emudk atmufygtwdkif; aom"emûytyfygonf bk&m;/
apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;onf bmom[laom a0g[m&ESifh omoem[laom a0g[m&wdkU\
t"dyÜg,fudk ruGJjym;MuaomaMumifhom þpum;&yftwGuf qwfqwfcg emusnf;jcif; jzpfMu[ef
wlygonf bk&m;? trSefrSm jrefrma0g[m&wGif Ak'¨0g'ESifh ywfoufí ,cifu bmom[laom toHk;tEIef;
r&SdcJhyg? omoem[líom oHk;avhoHk;x &SdcJhygonf/ ukef;abmifacwf bBuD;awmfrif;vufxufwGif
c&pf,mefomoemûy q&ma'gufwm*syfqif a&muf½SdvmNyD;aemuf (Religion)udk bmom[k t"dyÜg,fjyef&mrS
pwifí Ak'¨[laom yk'fESifh wGJzufNyD; Ak'¨bmom[laom toHk;tEIef; ay:aygufvmcJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
bmom[laom a0g[m&\ rl&if;t"dyÜg,frSm ajymqdkoHk;EIef;aom bmompum;ç "avhxHk;pH[líom
t"dyÜg,f&ygonf? ,cktcgwGif t,l0g' udk;uG,frI[laom t"dyÜg,fwdkUjzifh oHk;EIef;aeMuygonf bk&m;/
þü bmom[lonf (Religion) yifjzpfygonf? þpum;udk apm'u q&mawmfrsm; azmfjycsuft&
od&Sd&ygonf? xdk (Religion) udk teuft"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkcJhaomf ‐ (Religion means one of the prevalent
systems offaith and worship) [k t"dyÜm,f &ygonf bk&m;[k ,HkMunfjcif; ½Sdcdk;udk;uG,fjcif;

xHk;wrf;pOfvmonfomvQif bmomjzpfygonf bk&m;/
bmom[laom a0g[m&wGif zefqif;½Sif xm0&bk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunfjcif; xm0&bk&m;\
wefcdk;jym#dumudk ,HkMunfjcif; udk;uG,f0wfûyjcif;[laom t"dyÜm,frsm; yg0ifaeygonf/ xdkUjyif
urÇmYynm½SifwdkUuvnf; ]]bmom}}\ t"dyÜm,fudk þodkUzGifhqdkMuygonf/
(1) pdefUaomrwfpftufuGDeuf\ tvdk -
xm0&bk&m;\ tvdkqEáwmftwdkif; ¤if;\trIawmfudk ausyGefatmif xrf;½Gufjcif; (0g)
xm0&\ *kPfawmf aus;Zl;awmfudk atmufarhqifjcifjcif;onf ]]bmom}}rnf\/
(2) qm*RefqDvD\ tvdk -
rsufjrifurÇmavmutwGif;ü xif½Sm;½Sdí ½Sdcdk;xdkuf? ½dkaoxdkuf ylaZmfxdkuf
zl;ajrmfuefawmhxdkufaom t&m[lorQudk ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfjcif; csD;rGrf;xdkuf axmyemxdkufaom
t&mwdkUudk csD;rGrf;axmyemûyjcif;onf ]]bmom}}rnf\/

tpodkU
(3) z&uf'&pf[m&pfqH\ tvdk -

o0dnmPu- t0dnmPu (0g) ouf½SdoufrJh urÇmavmu"mwfudk pDpOfay;aeaom
(0g) vTrf;rdk;BuD;pdk;í tkyfcsKyfaeaom (0g) urÇm\ aumif;rI qdk;rI wufrI usrI
[lorQwdkUudk pDrHaeaom wefcdk;yg0gonf ½SdcJh\/ ¤if;udk ½dkaoudkif;½dIif;jcif;onf
]]bmom}} rnf\/
(4) qDqD½dk\tvdk -
teEÅwefcdk;awmf½Sif þurÇmavmu\ zefqif;½Sifjzpfaom xm0&bk&m;udk
Munfñdk½dkaovSpGm ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfjcif; cpm;qnf;urf;jcif;onf omvQif ]]bmom}}rnf\/
(5) *sdrf;'fum'f\tvdk -
½IyfaxG;rsm;jym;vSaom avmurIwm0ef0wå&m;awG rsm;ajrmifvSapumrl xm0&bk&m;\
*kPfawmfaus;Zl;awmfwdkUudk arhavsmhjcif;r&SdbJ tjrJwap w-o atmufarhvsuf
csD;usL;axmyem ûyjcif;onfomvQif rkcstm;jzifh ]]bmom}} rnfacs\/
(6) qeuf\ tvdk -
bmomqdkonfum; t0wfwefqmüaomfvnf;aumif; "r®oDcsif; usL;&ifhoDqdkjcif;ü
vnf;aumif; qkawmif;arwåmyw¬emudk ûyjcif;üaomfvnf;aumif;? txl;xl;aom r*Fvm
tcrf;tem;rsm;udk ûyvkyfjcif;ü aomfvnf;aumif; wnf½SdEdkifaom t&mr[kwf?
t[kwfaomfwrlum; oefU½Sif;pifMu,fí wnfNidrfaom pdwfüomvQif
wnf½Sdjzpfay:Edkifaom t&mjzpfownf;/
(7) roQL;tmEdk;vf\ tvdk-
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom vlom;\ twGif;pdwf"mwfü xdxdrdrd vufawGUod½Sd
xifjrifvmaom tcsufudk azmfjyjcif; (0g) ',moH,kw or®mpm& (0g) MuifempdwfESihf
,SOfaom tusifhonf ]]bmom}} rnf\/
(t&SifOuúX\ uyÜjyóem 3-4)
þAk'ömoemawmfonf bmom t,l0g'ESifh rqdkifyg? Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfuvnf; þuJhodkUaom
bmomt,l0g'ESifh ywfoufí t*Fkwå&ygVdawmf r[m0*f wdw¬m,eokwf (q|rljrefrmjyef pmrsufESm
192-yk'fa& 62-ü) &[ef;wdkU rSm;aom t,lwdkUonf þoHk;rsdK;wnf;? ,if;t,lwdkUudk ynm½SdwdkUu
ar;jref;pdppf ppfaq;tyfukefaomf xdkUxuf vGefíyifvnf; rûyjcif; tud&d,rQüom wnfukef\/
tb,foHk;rsKd;wdkU enf;[lrl -
(1) &[ef;wdkU þowå0gonf tvHk;pHkaom csrf;omjcif;okcudk vnf;aumif;?
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©udk vnf;aumif;? csrf;om qif;&Jr[kwfaom vspfvsL½Ijcif;oabm

tpodkU
Oayu©mudkvnf;aumif; cHpm;\? xdkcHpm;rI tm;vHk;onf a½S;uûycJhzl;aom

taMumif;aMumifhomvQif jzpf\[k ,lavh½Sdaom orPjAm[®P tcsdKUwdkUonf ½Sdukef\/
(2) &[ef;wdkU þowå0gonf tvHk;pHkaom csrf;omjcif; okcudkvnf;aumif;? qif;&Jjcif;
'ku©udkvnf;aumif;? csrf;om qif;&Jr[kwfukefaom vspfvsL½Ijcif;oabm Oayu©mudk
vnf;aumif; cHpm;\/ xdkcHpm;rItm;vHk;onf avmuudk tpdk;&ol zefqif;rI[laom
taMumif;aMumifh jzpf\[k ajymavh ,lavh½Sdaom orP jAm[®PtcsdKUwdkU ½Sdukef\/
(3) &[ef;wdkU þowå0gonf tvHk;pHkaom csrf;omjcif;okcudkvnf;aumif;?
qif;&Jjcif;'ku©udkvnf;aumif;? csrf;om qif;&Jr[kwfaom vspfvsL½Ijcif;oabm
Oayu©mudkvnf;aumif; cHpm;\? xdkcHpm;rI tm;vHk;onf taMumif;r½Sd
taxmuftyHhr½Sdrlí jzpf\[k ajymavh ,lav½&Sdaom orPjAm[®PtcsdKUwdkUonf
½Sdukef\/ þonfwdkUudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmu trSm;vrf;pOf rSm;aomt,l0g'[k qdkawmfrl\/
þodkUaom trSm;vrf;pOf bmomudkom bdef;ESifhwlonf[k qdkvdk&if; jzpf[efwlygonf bk&m;/
xdkbmom udk;uG,frIrSmvnf; ,HkMunfudk;uG,frI jzpfygonf/ ]]udk;uG,f}}[laom pum;ESpfvHk;wGif
]]udk;}}[lonfrSm tm;udk;jcif;yif jzpfonf/ tm;udk;jcif;onf vdkcsifrIaMumifh jzpfonf/ vdkcsifrI[lonf
tarQmfavmbjzpfonf/ tarQmfavmbonf tukov"r® jzpfonf/
]]uG,f}} [laompum;ü uG,f[lonf umuG,fapmifha½Smuf&efjzpfonf? umuG,fapmifha½Smuf
jcif;onf aMumuf½GHUxdwfvefUjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf? aMumuf½GHUxdwfvefUjcif;onf a'gojzpfonf/
a'goonf tukov"r® jzpfonf? xdkodkU avmb a'go tukov"r® jzpfjcif;onf tajctae
tjzpfrSefudk ydwfzHk;rIarm[aMumifh jzpfonf/ odkUjzpfí urÇmYbmomBuD;rsm;wGif taMumuftarQmfESifh
,SofwGJvsuf½Sdonfudk awGU½Sd&ygonf bk&m;/ þodkUaom taMumuftarQmfESifh ,SofwGJvsuf½Sdaom
bmomudk pGJpGJvrf;vrf; ,HkMunfouf0ifjcif;onf bdef;ESifh wlonf[k qdkvdk[ef wlygonf bk&m;/
omoemqdkonfrSm bmomESifh vGefpGm uGJjym;jcm;em;ygonf bk&m;? omoem[lonf
tqHk;tromvQif jzpfygonf/ Ak'ömoem[k qdk&mü Ak'¨\tqHk;tr jzpfygonf/ Ak'önf 0gawmf (20)ü
&[ef;wdkUtm; atmufygtwdkif; qHk;rcJhygonf bk&m;/
oAÁygyó tu&PH? ukovólyorÜ'g/
opdwåy&da,m'yeH? {wH Ak'¨geomoeH/
[k - omoem[laom yk'f\ t"dyÜm,foabmudk azmfxkwf a[mMum; qHk;rawmfrlcJhygonf bk&m;/
]]oAÁygyó? tvHk;pHkaom raumif;rIwdkUudk/ tu&PH? rûyvkyf&jcif;/ ukovó?
ukodkvfaumif;rIudk/ OyorÜ'g? jynfhpHkapjcif;/ opdwåy&da,m'yeH? rdrdpdwfudk jzLpifapjcif;/ {wH
þoHk;rsdK;onf/ Ak'¨geH Ak'¨jrwfpGmwdkU\/ omoeH? tqHk;tr jzpfonf/

tpodkU
þMo0g'ygwdarmufwGifyif okwf-0denf; tbd"r®m-"r®u©E¨m½Spfaomif;av;axmif tusHK;0ifvsuf

½Sdaeojzifh þonfyif Ak'ömoem jzpfonf[k wynfhawmfrsm; od½SdrSwfom;cJh&ygonf bk&m;?
bmomjyefrIwGif wynfhawmfrsm; ygVdwGif uRrf;usifrI r½Sdygí bmomjyefrSm;,Gif;cJhaomf jyifqifí
zwf½Iyg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
bmom,HkMunfudk;uG,frIwGif Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIûyaeol 0uúvdtm;
ESifxkwfcJhzl;\? ESifxkwfaompum;&yfwGif ]]tvH0uúvd-ud½lay &rao? AmveEdáw}} 0uúvd? tdk0uúvd? /
tvH? awmfNyD? AmveEdáw? vlrdkufwdkYom rypf&ufatmif pGJrufíaeaom/ ½lay? o0dnmPu ½kyfum,ü/
ud&rao? tb,faMumifh arGUavsmfíaebdoenf;/ xdktcg 0uúvdonf Ak'¨xHrS cGJoGm;\/ Ak'önf
0uúvdudk jyefvnfac:,lí qHk;r&mwGif -
a,m [d yówd o'¨r®H? aom rH yówd y@dawm/
tyÜórmaem o'¨rÜH? rH yórdÜ e yówd/
a,m? tMuifyk*d¾Kvfonf/ [d? {uef/ o'¨rÜH? a[mMum;aom w&m;udk;/ yówd? ½I\ jrif\
Munfh\/ aom y@dawm? xdkynm½Sdonf/ rH? ighudk/ yówd? Munfhol ½Iol jrifol rnf\/ o'¨r®H?
a[mMum;onfh w&m;udk/ tyÜórmaem? r½I rjrif rMunfhaom olonf/ rH? ighudk/ yórÜd? ½IjrifMunfhí
aeygaomfvnf;/ e yówd? ightm; rsuf0g;xifxif rawGUjrif&acs/ þodkU 0uúvdokwåefwGif
,HkMunfudk;uG,frIbmomudk vufcHrI rûyonfrSm xif½Sm;vSygonf bk&m;/
¤if;jyif jynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmf omoema&;OD;pD;Xme yHkESdyfwdkufrS
xkwfa0onfh a'gufwm0gvfydkvm&m[kvm t½Sifoljrwf a&;om;ûypkaom jrwfAk'ä'oem pmtkyfwGif
pmrsufESm 17-rSpí awGU½Sd&onfrSm ]]bmom0g'wdkif;vdkyif ,HkMunfrI (rsufpdrSdwf,HkMunfrI)ay:wGif
tajcwnfMuavonf/ Ak'¨0g'rSmrl ouf0if,HkMunfrIay:wGif tajcrûybJ jrifrI odrI em;vnfrIay:wGifom
tajccHavonf? Ak'¨0g'pmayrsm;wGif awGU½Sdaom o'¨g[laom pum;vHk;udk trsm;tm;jzifh ]]ouf0ifrI?
,HkMunfrI}}[k bmomjyefavh½SdMuonf/ odkU&mwGif ]]o'¨g}} qdkonfrSm ]],HkMunfrI}} rnfumrQ rwår[kwf?
udk,fwdkif ausauseyfeyf ½Sif;½Sif;vifvif;BuD; od½Sdem;vnfí jzpfay:vmaom ]]pdwfcs,HkMunfrIrsdK;}}
jzpfayonf/ trsm;em;vnfaom Ak'¨0g'ESifh usrf;pmrsm;wGif omrefa&;om;oHk;pGJ&mü o'¨gqdkonfrSm bk&m;
w&m; oHCmwdkUtm; udk;uG,f,HkMunfonf qdkaom t"dyÜm,frsdK; ½Sdonfudkrl 0efcH&ayrnf/}}
,if;pmtkyf pmrsufESm 18-pmaMumif;a& 10 atmufwGif ]]tjcm; bmom0ifwdkU em;vnfMuaom
]]ouf0ifrI}}? odkUr[kwf ]],HkMunfrI}} ponfwdkUonf Ak'¨0g'ESifh ywfoufjcif; r½Sday? ,HkMunfjcif;[laom
udpöonf odjrifrI (tjynfhtpHk od½Sdem;vnf;rI) r½SdrS jzpfay:ayonf/ odjrifem;vnf;onfESifh wpfûydifeuf
,HkMunfjcif;[laom jyóemonf r½SdEdkifawmhacs/ vufxJwGif ausmufrsuf½GJwpfvHk;udk
qkyf0Sufxm;onf[k ajymygrl udk,fwdkifrsufpdjzifh rjrif&í ,HkMunf&aom udpörQom jzpfayonf/
vuf0g;udkjzefUí ausmufrsuf½GJudk xkwfjyygvQif rsufpdjzifh udk,fwdkifjrif&NyDjzpfí ,HkMunf½Hkudpö

tpodkU
r[kwfawmhay/ þonfudk &nfí a½S;usaom Ak'üsrf;pmrsm;wGif ]]ausmufrsuf½GJ odkUr[kwf zefcg;oD;udk

vuf0g;jyifwGif jrif&ouJhodkU oabmaygufem;vnfonf}}[laom toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk azmfjyavh½Sdygonf/
,if;pmtkyf pmrsufESm 19? pmaMumif;a& (8) atmufwGif ]]odjcif; jrifjcif;omvQif y"mejzpfí
,HkMunfjcif;rSm t&mr[kwfygacs? Ak'¨\ a'oemawmfrsm;wGif ]]{[d yódu}}[k yg½Sd&m ]]vmí
½IvSnfhavmh}}[kom zdwfac:ayonf/ ]]vmí ,HkMunf}} vufcHyg[k rqdkay? pmrsufESm (88) wGifvnf; -
]]Ak'¨bmomxGef;um;aom wdkif;jynfrsm;ü bmoma&;ESifhywfoufaom tcgBuD;&ufBuD;rsm;wGif
pdwfMunfEl;zG,faumif;aom ½dk;&m"avh tcrf;tem;yGJrsm; ûyvkyfavh ½SdMuaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkUonf edAÁmefodkU
ydkUaqmifaom r*fvrf; tppftrSefESifh rnfodkUrS roufqdkifay/ odkUaomf r&ifhoefao;aom yk*d¾KvfwdkU\
bmomw&m;? Munfñdkpdwfudk jznfhpGrf;xufoefapí r*fvrf;odkU wjznf;jznf; a&mufapaom tultnD
taxmuftyHhtjzpfjzifhrl ¤if;wdkUonf wefzdk;½Sdoifhoavmuf ½Sdayonf}} [lí yg½Sdygonf/
txufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm;udk axmuf½Ijcif;jzifh bmomESifh omoem uGJjym;um bmomonf
bdef;ESifhwlonf[lí ajymqdk[efom ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
rZÑdredum,fwGif þodkU awGU½Sd&ygao;onf bk&m;/
ykPÖm; þtwlomvQif edAÁmefonf wnf½Sdonfomwnf;? edAÁmefoGm;aMumif; vrf;c&D;onf
wnf&Sd\/ edAÁmefodkU ñTefjyEdI;aqmfol igonf wnf½Sd\/ odkUygvsuf ig\ wynfhwdkUonf igþodkU
ajymqdkqHk;raomf tcsdKUaom &[ef;wdkUonf ysufpD;jcif;udk vGefajrmuf&mjzpfaom edAÁmefudk
NyD;pD;apEdkifukef\/ tcsdKUaom &[ef;wdkUonfum; rNyD;pD;apEdkifukef? ykPÖm; þt&mü igonf tb,fodkU
ûyEdkifthHenf;? ykPÖm; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf edAÁmefvrf;c&D;udk ñTefMum;olom jzpf\[k (rdefUawmfrl\)
(Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf - *Puarm*¾vmeokwå? ESm-60)
þokwf\ rdefUqdkcsuft& Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf edAÁmefvrf;c&D;udk ñTefMum;olom jzpfaMumif;
xif½Sm;aeygonf/ ]]igonf tb,fodkU ûyEdkiftHhenf;}}[laom Ak'¨rdefUMum;awmfrlcsufonf zefqif;½Sifbk&m;
u,fwif½Sifbk&m;wdkUuJhodkU udk;uG,fcHbk&m; r[kwfaMumif; oabmaygufEdkifygonf/
Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf udk;uG,fylaZmfrIxuf usifhMuHtm;xkwfrIudkom t"duxm;aMumif; atmufyg
rdefUrSmawmfrlcsufrsm;u oufaocHaeygonf bk&m;/
]]tmeE´m ... þrQavmuf (ylaZmfrI)jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk t½dktaoûyonf rrnfao;? tav;ûyonf
rrnfao;? jrwfEdk;onf rrnfao;? ylaZmfonf rrnfao;? yoonf rrnfao;? tmeE´m
tMuif&[ef;jzpfap? &[ef;rdef;rjzpfap? Oygoum jzpfap? Oygodumr jzpfap (avmukwå&m) w&m;ESifh
avsmfaomw&m;udk usifhvsuf ae\/ avsmfaomtusifhudk usifhvsuf ae\/ w&m;ESifhavsmfpGm
usifhvsufae\/ xdkolonf tjrwfqHk; ylaZmfjcif;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk t½dktaoûyonfrnf\/
tav;tjrwfûyonf rnf\/ jrwfEdk;onf rnf\/ ylaZmfonf rnf\/ yoonf rnf\/

tpodkU
tmeE´mwdkUaMumifh þ(omoemawmfü) (avmukwå&m) w&m;ESifh avsmfaomw&m;udk usifhvsuf

aeukeftHh? avsmfaom tusifhudk usifhvsufaeukeftHh? w&m;ESifh avsmfpGmusifhvsuf aeukeftHh[k þodkU
ESvHk;oGif;vsuf oifwdkU usifhMuHtm;xkwf&rnf tmeE´m}} [k rdefUawmfrl\/
(r[m0*fygVdawmf/ jrefrmjyef q|rl pmrsufESm 132 - 133)
]]tmeE´m jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tavmif;awmfudk ylaZmfrIü oifwdkUaMumifhMu rpdkufukefvifh? tmeE´m
igwdkufwGef;\? jrwfaom tusifhüom tm;xkwfMuukefavmh? jrwfaom tusifhü rarhravsmh jyif;pGm
tm;xkwfvsuf (edAÁmefodkU) pdwfudk apvTwfí aeMuukefavmh}}
(r[m0*fygVdawmf jrefrmjyef q|rl? pmrsufESm 135)
Ak'ömoeaumifpD urÇmat; &efukefu yHkESdyfaom em&'ax&a&; Buddhism in a Nutshell pmtkyf
pmrsufESm 15-rSm atmufygtwdkif; awGU½Sd&ygonf/ (Is it a Religion Chapter 3)

A Buddhist does not seek refuge in the Buddha with the hope that he will be saved by His personal
purification. The Buddha gives no such guarantee. It is not within the power of the Buddha to wash away the
impurities of others. One could neither purify nor defile another. The Buddha, as teacher, instructs us, but we
ourselves are directly responsible for our purification.
,if;tydk'f\ tvdkt&qdkvQif ]]Ak'¨bmomwpfa,mufonf arQmfvifhcsufESifh udk;uG,ftm;udk;rI

ûyonfr[kwf? rdrdpifMu,fzdkUtwGuf rdrdbmom tm;xkwfrS &rnfjzpfonf/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf
bmtmrcHcsufrQ ray;yg/ Ak'önf wyg;olwdkU\ rpifMu,frI tukodkvfrIwdkUudk
y,fazsmufoefUpifay;Edkifaom wefcdk;£'dÿg'f ½Sdolvnf; r[kwfyg/ wpfa,muf\ tukodkvfudk
wpfa,mufu oefUpifray;Edkifyg/ vlom;wdkU\ pifMu,frItwGuf vlom;wdkUu rdrdbmom vkyf&rnf
jzpfonf/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf vlom;wdkU\ tmp&d,wxm*w bk&m;½Siftjzpf ñTefjyqHk;r Mo0g'omay;Edkifol
jzpfonf}}[k qdkxm;ygonf/
rsufarSmufacwfwGif Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonf Ak'¨\ t"du tqHk;trawmfjzpfonfh
r*fzdkvfqdkufa&mufa&; ouúm,'d|dûywfa&; edAÁmetajcqdkufa&mufa&; twåuif;pifa&;wdkUxuf
udk;uG,frIESifh tcrf;tem;wdkUudkom t"duxm;í pGJpGJvrf;vrf; vkyfudkifaeMuonfrSm rsufjrifudk,fawGUyif
jzpfygonf/ tESpfom&xuf tumudkom OD;pm;ay;aeMuygonf/ tESpfrSm xdktumtcGH\ atmufwGif
epfûryfaeygawmhonf bk&m;/
bmoma&;qdkonfrSm udk;uG,frI 0wfûyrI qkawmif;rI tcrf;tem;rsm;udkom t"duxm;aomt&m
jzpfygonf/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmfonf udk;uG,frIxuf usifhMuHtm;xkwfrIudkom
t"duxm;ygonf bk&m;/
odkUjzpfygí bmomonf Oyg'geftarSmifxkxJwGif usa&mufaeojzifh bdef;ESifhwlonf[k
ajymqdkrIonf Ak'¨jrwfpGmESifh omoemawmfudk rxdcdkufEdkifyg/ omoem[laom Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\ tqHk;tr
tpodkU
vif;a&mifjcnfatmufwGif rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnf&ifaumhvsuf apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; q&mpOfquf

rysuf&avatmif apmifha½Smufxdef;odrf;í omoemûyEdkif&ef aom"em ûytyfygonf t½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ / trSwf (2) apm'emudk aom"emjcif; rûyay/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (3)
trSwf (3) apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
þapm'emudk aom"emûy&mü wynfhawmfrsm; or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyftaejzifh wm0ef½Sdaom
(q) trSwfyg pmydk'fESifh ywfoufí aom"emûyygonf bk&m;/
þapm'emtcsufwGif apm'ut½SifjrwfwdkUu q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuúXu (31)bHk
vufrcHaMumif; wifjyvdkí taxmuftxm;jzifh tpGJûywfwJukyfa½Teef;awmf pmtkyfrS rdrdvdk&m pmydk'fudk
qGJxkwfNyD; rSm;,Gif;pGm apm'emxm;jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdkUaMumifh apm'uyk*d¾KvfwdkU wifjyaom
pmydk'f\ a½SUquf aemufquf pmydk'frsm;udk wifjycGifh ûyawmfrlyg bk&m;/
(tpGJûywf wJukyfa½Teef;awmf? pmrsufESm 52)
1/ trSefrSm uREkfyfwdkUonf wu,fr½Sdaom t&mudk (0g) uREkfyfwdkU rodao;aom t&mudk
(0g) uREfkyfwdkU&JU tawG;ESifh txifudk tb,faMumifh OD;ESdrf½dkusdK; vufpHkrdk;í ½Sdcdk;ae&rnfenf;/
tu,fwap tJ'D ewfbk&m;rsm;[m xif½Sm;½Sdygonf[k qdkvmacsaomf xdkonfh ewfbk&m;rsm;[m
tqdk;t0g;awG r[kwfyg/ taumif;pm;awG jzpfygonf[lí uHwdkifuHr rnfolu ajymEdkifrnfenf;?
0efcHEdkifrnfenf;? xdkxdk ewfbk&m;wdkUonf waMumfaMumf[pfatmfaeMuaom vlom;wdkU\
qkawmif;yw¬emwdkUudk *½kûy em;axmifzl;ygoavm? ¤if;wdkUonf aumif;olu,fí raumif;oludk
wG,fMuw,f qdkwmaum [kwfp&m ½Sdyg\avm/
2/ ,if;odkU vlaumif;rsm;udk u,frrIESifh vlqdk;wdkUudk wG,fcsrIwdkUtwGuf taxmuftxm;
oufaoom"u ½Sif;jyEdkifygrnfavm? vlwdkUonf udk,fudkwdkif êud;yrf;aqmif½GufrIaMumifh udpöwpfckck
atmifjrifoGm;cJhvQif xm0&bk&m;ocifudk aus;Zl;wifMuukef\/
tJ'DvkyfxHk; tqifajyapvdkvQif vlwdkUonf olwdkU&JUqHk;½IH;rI (0g) ratmifjrifrI twGufvnf;
xdkonfh bk&m;ocifudkyif axmyem ûyoifhMuukef&m\/
tb,faMumifhenf; -
olonf taumif;ESifhtqdk; (0g) atmifjrifrIa&m qHk;½IH;jcif;udkyg tusHK;0ifvsuf½Sdaom
þuyÜgBuD;\ zefqif;½Sif jzpfonf[k qdkaomaMumifh yifwnf;/
3/ xdkUaMumifh vGwfvyfBuD;yGm;í tbufbufü BuD;xGm;wdk;wufaeMuaom vlrsdK;wdkUonf
bk&m;ocifudk tjrJwap csD;usL;aeMuovdkyif rvGwfajrmufbJ uRefoabmufb0wGif
eif;jym;jzpfíaeaom vlrsdK;wdkUuvJ ¤if;udkyif aus;Zl;wifí ae&acsrnf/
4/ pifppfaomfwrlum; qdktyfcJhNyD;aom ewfqdk; ewf0g; ewfrdpämrsm;ESifh or®ma'0
ewfaumif;ewfrGefrsm;onf vlom;\ yÍöm½Hktjyifyü wnf½SdMuukef\/ vlom;\ vufawGUe,fudk

tpodkU
ausmfvGefíaeojzifh vlom;\ tEkrmepuf0dkif;twGif;odkY csOf;eif;0ifa&mufjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkifolrsm;

jzpfMuukef\/
5/ xdkUaMumifh vlom;onf awG;awmqifjcif&ayrnf/ tjyeftvSefppfaq; a0zef&ayrnf? p-
o-C-Z-u qdkwJh yom'½kyfig;ckudk tjrJrjywf toHk;ûyí ae&ayrnf/ oljriforQ Mum;orQ eHorQ?
vsuforQ xdorQwdkUudk tjrJwap a0zefppfaq;í ae&ayrnf? qifjcifrI awG;awmrIrS uif;aomolonf
vlpOfrrDol jzpfayvdrfhrnf? aqG;aEG; a0zefjcif; r½Sdolonf rdrdudk,fudk rdrd opömazmufjcif; jzpfay\/
a0zefaqG;aEG;&ef ppfaq;awG;awm&ef aMumuf½GHUaeolonf Oyg'geftpGJ\ tdrfawmfyg aus;uRef
jzpfavawmh ownf;/
6/ tpGJqdkwJh Oyg'gefonf rnfuJhodkUaom tjypfudk jzpfapwwfygoenf;/
'@m&DESifh a½S;yHkjyifrsm;udk ,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh vlom;rSm rnfodkUaom epfemqHk;½IH;rIrsm;
jzpfay:vmEdkifygoenf;? wdwfedrdwfESifh thHMozG,fwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? *gxmrEÅ&m;ESifh yD,od'd¨
um,od'd¨paom aq;0g;wdkUudkvnf;aumif;? tif;tdkifcvSJY? vufzGJUESifh wefcdk;jym#d[mwdkUudk vnf;aumif;?
ewfqdk;ewf0g;ESifh ewfaumif;ewfjrwfwdkUudk vnf;aumif;? ewfjynf? jA[®mjynfESifh ,rrif;\ tifydkif,m
EdkifiHawmfBuD;rsm;udk vnf;aumif; ,HkMunfrIonf vlom;\ OD;aESmufudk azmufjyefacsmufcsm;apí
þuyÜgavmuBuD;udk t½l;axmiftjzpfodkU a&mufapcJhonf/
7/ þ,HkMunfrIonf vlom;\ pdwfcsrIESifh udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;rIudk acsrIef;í ypfcJhonf/
vlom;\ vufawGUudk rm,mtjzpfodkU a&mufatmif ydkUaqmifcJhonf/
8/ txufyg wifjyonfh pmydk'ftjynfhtpHkudk qufpyfzwf½IMunfhvQif q&mawmf½SifOuúX
a&;om;azmfjyaom wefcdk;jym#d[mESifh txufatmuf bHkwdkUonf xm0&bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;jym#d[mESifh
txufatmufbHkwdkUomjzpfaMumif; tuGif;uGif; rkefUwD[if;uJhodkU ½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif;BuD; ay:vGifaeygonf
bk&m;/
xdkYaMumifh rdrdwdkU\ roefUpifr½dk;om;aom apwemtusdK;ay;onf xm0&bk&m;bufu
ckcHumuG,fay;rdaeaom Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ om;awmfrsm;jzpfMuonfh apm'u&[ef;awmfwdkU\ apm'emrSm
rSm;,Gif;aeygaMumif; avQmufxm;í aom"emjcif;jzpfygonf t½Sifbk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ / trSwf (4) apm'emudk aom"emjcif; rûyay/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf (5)

trSwf(5) apm'emvTmudk aom"emûyygonf bk&m;/
]]twdwf tem*wf b0wdkUudk vHk;0ypfy,fNyD; Ak'¨0g'udk ypöKyÜef0g'jzpfav[ef trsdK;rsdK;
vSnfhpm;vsuf a&;om;a[majymrI}}[laom apm'u q&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emcsufudk aom"emûytyfygonf
bk&m;/
apm'em trSwf (5)wGif ]]Ak'¨0g'onf twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefumvoHk;yg;ESifh ,SOfí
a[mawmfrlaom 0g'jzpfygonf}}[k apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u 0efcHxm;ygonf bk&m;/
¤if;jyif ]]avmukwå&ma&;udk a[m&mü ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhudkom 0dyóem½I&rnf[k 0dyóemudk
&nf½G,fí a[mawmfrlcsuf oE¨m,bmodwudk em;rvnfí}}[k qdkxm;&m apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf
oE¨m,bmodwudk em;vnfaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzpfaMumif; 0efcHxm;&m a&mufaeygonf bk&m;?
]]wynfhawmfrsm;tm; þ0dyóempum;wpf&yfjzifh useforQ Ak'ä'oemtm;vHk;udk y,f&ef
êud;pm;aeolrsm;}}[lí pGyfpGJxm;ygonf/ wynfhawmfrsm;onf Ak'ömoem0ifyk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzpfí ppfrSefaom
Ak'ä'oemawmfrsm;udk êudqdkvsuf jA[®Pa'oemrsm;ESifh a&maxG;aeaom twkta,mif usrf;*efrsm;udk
vufcHjcif;rûyrd&ef *½kpdkufaeolrsm; jzpfygonf/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyaom ]]0dyóemt&mü}}
[laom wifjycsufudk Oy&dyPÖmo? ba'ú&wåokwfudk a½SUaemuf nDñGwfpGm wifjyxm;jcif;udk rawGU&bJ
'kwd,pmydk'fudk yxrae&mü vnf;aumif;? yxrpmydk'fudk 'kwd,ae&mü vnf;aumif;wifjyNyD;
wwd,pmydk'fudk csefvSyfxm;jcif;onf r½dk;om;aom apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pdwfaeoabmxm;udk
azmfjyxm;ovdk jzpfaeygonf bk&m;/
xdkokwåef\ tpOftwdkif;rSm -
(u) twDwH emEGm*ar,s? eyÜ#duacF tem*wH/
,'wDwH y[DeH wH? tyÜwåÍö tem*wH/
(c) ypöKyÜEéÍö a,m "r®H? ww¬ ww¬ 0dyówd/
toH[D&H toHukyÜH? wH 0d'Gg rEkjAL[a,/
(*) taZÆ0 udpöH tmwyÜH? aum Znm r&PH oka0?
e [d aem ouF&H awe? r[maoaee rpöKem/
(bmomjyefcsuf)
,H twDwH? tMuiftwdwfumvonf/ y[DeH? aysmufysufukefqHk;cJhavNyD/ wH twDwÍö?
xdkaysmufysufukefqHk;NyD;aom twdwfumvudkvnf;/ emEGm*ar,s? jyefvnfatmufarh owd&í rae&m/

tpodkU
,H tem*wH? tMuif tem*wfumvonf/ tyÜwåH? ra&mufvmao;/ wH tem*wÍö?

xdkra&mufvmao;aom tem*wfumvudkvnf;/ eyÜ#duacF? arQmfvifhawmifhwrae&m/
ypöKyÜEéH? ypöKyÜefjzpfaom/ "r®H? oabmw&m;udk? ww¬ ww¬? xdkxdkjzpfqJ cPüomvQif/ a,m?
tMuifyk*d¾Kvfonf/ 0dyówd? txl;½I\/ txl;Munfh\/ txl;jrif\/ toH[D&H? wGefUwdkjcif; r½Sdaom/
toHukyÜH? ysufpDjcif;r½Sdaom/ wH? xdktxl;½IrI MunfhrI jrifrIudk/ 0d'Gg? ynm½Sifonf/ tEkjAL[a,? tzefzef
yGm;rsm;&m\/
aum? tb,folonf/ oka0? eufjzefü/ r&PH? ao&rnfudk/ Znm? odEdkiftHhenf;/ taZÆ0?
,aeUuyifvQif/ udpöH? ûyvkyfoifhaom udpöudk/ tmwyÜH? ûyvkyfoifh\/ aem? igwdkUrSm/ r[maoaee?
rsm;aomppfonf½Sdaom/ awe rpöKem? xdkaojcif; oabmw&m;ESifh/ ouF&H? csdef;csufxm;rIonf/ e [d?
r½Sdonfomwnf;/

þ"r®tpOft& 0dyóem½I&mü twdwf tem*wf ryg0ifbJ ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfhom ½Ijrif&rnf jzpfNyD;
trIudpörsm;udk aqmif½Guf&müvnf; ykcufESifh tokbacgif;Mum;umv? odkUr[kwf zGm;aoumvtwGif;
ypöKyÜefjzpfaMumif;udk taZÆ0 udpöH tmwyÜH[laom *gxmjzifh ñTefjyvsuf ½Sdaeygonf bk&m;? odkUygí
0dyóem½I&mü jzpfap? trIudpö ûyvkyf&müjzpfap? ypöKyÜefonfom ta&;BuD;aMumif; ñTef;jyvsuf ½Sdygonf
bk&m;/
¤if;jyif oVm,we0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf? ½Spfckajrmuf? *grPdoH,kwf? 11 ckajrmuf?
bj'uokwfwGif -
t[aÍö aw *grPd twDwr'¨geH tm&AÇ 'ku©ó ork',Íötw¬*F rÍö a'ao,sH
]]{0Hta[mod? twDwr'¨g}}eEÅd? wMwaw od,m ucFg od,m 0drwd/ t[aÍö aw *grPd
tem*wr'¨geH tm&AÇ 'ku©ó ork',Íö tw¬*FrÍö a'ao,sH ]]{0H b0dówd tem*wr'¨g}}eEÅd?
wMwmyd aw od,m ucFgod,m 0drwd/ tyd pm[H *grPd £a"0 edodaEém {aw¬0 awedodEéó
'ku©ó ork',Íö a'aoómrd/
(bmomjyefcsuf)
*grPd? ½GmolBuD;/ twDw r'¨geH? vGefavNyD;aom twdwfumvudk/ tm&AÇ? taMumif;ûyí/ aw?
oifhtm;/ ap? tu,fí/ t[H? igonf/ 'ku©ó? 'ku©qif;&J\/ ork',Íö? jzpfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;/
tw¬*FrÍöö? csKyfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ a'ao,sH? a[mcJhjim;tHh/ twDwr'¨geH? twdwfumvonf/ {0H?
þodkU/ ta[mod? jzpfavNyD/ £wd? þodkU/ ww¬? xdktwdwf umvü/ aw? oifhtm;/ ucFg?
,HkrSm;oHo,onf/ od,m? jzpf&m\/ 0drwd? awG;awmrIonf/ od,m? jzpf&m\/

tpodkU
*grPd? ½GmolBuD;/ tem*wr'¨geH? vmvwåHUaom tem*wfumvudk/ y/ 0drwd? awG;awmrIonf/

od,m? jzpf&m\/ *grPd? ½GmolBuD;/ tyd p? pifppfaomfum;/ £a"0? þae&müomvQif/ edodEéó?
xdkifvsuf½Sdaom/ aw? oifhtm;/ 'ku©ó? qif;&J\/ ork',Íö? jzpfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ tw¬*FrÍö?
csKyfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ a'aoómrd? a[mMum;aythH/
þbj'muokwåefwGif twdwf[lívnf;aumif;? tem*wf[lívnf;aumif;? 0dyóem½IqJ
ypöKyÜef[lí vnf;aumif; vHk;0yg0ifjcif; r½SdbJ oEd´|du, tumvdutaeESifh rsufarSmufypöu©udkom
a[mazmfñTefjyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; udk;um;xm;aom tewåvu©PokwfrSm twdwfESifh tem*wfudk ypöKyÜefESifh
wpfajy;nD a[mqdkcsufonf vnf;aumif;? twdwfcE¨m tem*wfcE¨m ypöKyÜefcE¨m[lí umv 3-yg;
a'G;a&m,Sufwif a[mqdkxm;csufonf vnf;aumif;? rrSefruefaom pum;jzifh Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfudk umv
3-yg;jzifh qufpyfa[mMum;aom em#ykwåed*P²ESifh wpfwef;pm;wnf;xm;½Sd pGyfpGJxm;onfudk awGU½Sd&í
vl'g,umrsm;tzdkU raxmif;omaomfvnf; apm'uq&mawmfrsm;rSm &[ef;awmfrsm; jzpfaeygí ]]Ak'¨ó
t0PHÖ bmowd? "r®ó t0PHÖ bmowd}} wdkUjzifh NidpGef;oGm;rnfudk vGefpGm pdk;&drfrdaomaMumifh tcsdefrD
wm;jrpf[efUwm;ay;yg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/

tewåvu©Pokwåef\ ]]wo®mwd, bdu©a0? ,H udOdö ½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH? y/ oAÁH ½lyH/ y?
or®yÜnm, '|AHÁ}}[k azmfjyxm;&m ½kyfrsm;udk twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜeftjzpf wajy;nD qdkxm;jcif;
r[kwfbJ twdwf½kyfjzpfap? tem*wf½kyfjzpfap? ypöKyÜef½kyfjzpfap ½kyf[lorQ tm;vHk;udk rSefuefaom tod
or®m'd|djzifh ½Ityf\[k qdkvdk&if; jzpfygonf/ bk&m;? þae&mü oAHÁ ½lyH qdkonfrSm twdwfcE¨m½ly,
tem*wfcE¨m½lyESifh ypöKyÜefcE¨m½lyudk qdkvdkonf r[kwfyg/ tewåvu©PokwfwGif azmfjyxm;aom 11-
csufaom ½lyudkom qdkvdk&if; jzpfygonf bk&m;/

apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ wifjycsufwGif ]]tewåvu©Pokwfü a[maom twdwf tem*wfudk
y,fjyef\}}[laom pGJcsufonf rSm;,Gif;pGm pGyfpGJaejcif;om jzpfygonf/ xdkokwfyg twdwf tem*wfonf
y,f&efvnf; r[kwf? wG,f&efvnf; r[kwfyg bk&m;? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ taumuft,l
rSm;,Gif;aejcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m; -

tpodkU

,ck pk'dwujzpfonfh wynfhawmfrsm; txufygudpörsm;udk azmfjyaejcif;rSm apm'u
q&mawmfrsm;\ pGJcsuf 5-wGif ]]twdwfrS ypöKyÜef? ypöKyÜefrS tem*wf[laom umv 3-yg;udk
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf wpfajy;nD a[mqdkxm;ygonf}} [k azmfjyxm;ygonf/ þazmfjycsufonf
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\ "r®*kPfudk zsufqD;&ma&mufaeygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ "r®*kPfwGif
twdwf[lívnf;aumif;? tem*wf[lívnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜef[lívnf;aumif a[mazmfñTefjyjcif; r½SdbJ
oEd´|du tumvdutaeESifhomvQif ñTefjyavh ñTefjyx ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyxm;aom xdkr[m0*¾yg|dawmf\ jrefrmjyefrSm ]]tem*wfudkomvQif
ñTefí jyqdkaeojzifh Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwftm; tem*wfñTefMum; bk&m;tjzpfodkU wGef;ydkUaeojzifh
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ jrefrmjyefqdkrIonf tem*wfñTef bk&m;tjzpfodkU wGef;ydkUaeaom
wGef;tm;BuD;wpfck jzpfaeygonf bk&m;/

apm'uq&mawmfrsm;tm; Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf twdwf ypöKyÜef tem*wf[laom umv 3-
yg;onf oHo,0dpdudpäme,fy,fwGif usa&mufaeojzifh ESvHk;roGif;oifhaom w&m;[k azmfjyxm;aom
rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf? rlvy&d,m,0*f? oAÁmo0okwf? yk'fa& (18) (ESm-10) udk wifjy avQmufxm;yg&ap
bk&m;/
aom {0H ta,meda,m reodua&mwd ]]ta[mod Ekacgt[H twdwr'¨geH? eEk acg
ta[mod twDwr'¨geH? ud Ekacg ta[mod? twDwr'¨geH? uxH Ekacg ta[mod twDwr'¨geH
ud [kwGm ud ta[mod Ekacg t[H twDwr'¨geH/ b0dómrd Ekacg t[H tem*wr'¨geH? uxHEk
acg b0dómrd tem*wr'¨geH ud [kwGm ud b0dómrd Ekacg t[H tem*wr'¨g}} eEÅd/ {w&[d
0g ypöKyÜEér'¨geH tZöswåH uxHuxDa[mwd ]]t[H Ekacgod®}} aem Ekacgo®d? ud Ekacgo®d? uxH
Ekacgod®? t,H Ekacg oawåm ukawm tm*awm? aom uk[d *grd b0Dówd}} wd/
[laom ygVdawmfudk rzwfpzl; rawGUpzl; rjrifbl; rrSwfom;zl;í omvQif Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfudk
tem*wfvrf;ñTefbk&m;[lí pGyfpGJorkwfaejcif; jzpfygonf/ apm'uq&mawmftwGuf ydkrdkí tajctae
qdk;aernf jzpfygí wynfhawmfrsm; jrefrmrjyefawmhyg/ Ak'¨\ "r®*kPfrsm;udk qufvufí
avQmufxm;yg&ap bk&m;? Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf wynfha0ae,swdkUtm; a[mMum;&mwGif
avmbavsmhenf;a&;? a'goavsmhenf;a&;? arm[avsmhenf;a&;twGufomvQif a[mMum;qdkqHk;rojzifh
(ok tu©mw) oGmu©mw *kPfESifh nDñGwfaeygonf bk&m;/
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\ a[mMum;aom w&m;awmfonf oEd´|du (oH+'do+£u) rsufarSmuf
udk,fawGUudk,fêuH rsufawGUrsufjrif jzpfygonf/

tpodkU
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\ a[mMum;aom w&m;awmfonf tumvdu (t+umv+£u) umv3-yg;ü

tuRrf;r0ifbJ vufawGUvufiif;omvQif jzpfygonf/
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\ a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;awmfonf {[dyódu ({[d+yó+£u) vmí
,HkMunfyg[k t"dyÜm,fr&bJ vmí ½Iavmh[k t"dyÜm,f azmfjyaejcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;awmfonf Moyae,sdu (Oy+tmae,s+£u)
"r®obm0wdkUonf tm;vHk;yif topfwdkUomvQif jzpfygonf (0g) rdrd\ tZÑwåoEÅmefü
aqmif,lxm;xdkuf\/ ta[mif;r[kwfyg bk&m;/
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;awmfonf ]]ypöwåH a0'dwaAÁm 0dñl[d}} ynm½SdwdkUom
udk,fpDudk,fiS odjrifEdkifaom w&m;jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þodkUomvQif "r®\*kPfonf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; qdkxm;ouJhodkU r[kwfbJ
'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;twGufomvQif jzpfaMumif; wifjyavQmufxm; tyfygonf bk&m;? Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf
0dyóem½I&ef twGufom ypöKyÜefudk OD;pm;ay;í a[maejcif; r[kwf? usefaom udpö&yfrsm;üvnf; twdwf?
ypöKyÜef? tem*wfudk OD;pm;ray;yg bk&m;? ykcufESifh tokbacgif;Mum; umvüom jzpfaom ypöu©jzpfaom
rsufarSmufypöKyÜefudkomvQif "r®*kPfrsm;ESifhtnD a[mMum;cJhonfhtwdkif; wynfhawmfrsm;vnf;
þtwdkif;omvQif usifhoHk;vsuf½Sdygonf bk&m;? apm'u t½Sifrsm;uJhodkU twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wf umv
3-yg;udk csJUxGifí wzGzGa[mMum;vsuf½Sdaom r[m0D&em#ykwåed*P²bk&m;BuD;\ ausmhuGif;rS tvGwf½Hk;í
Ak'¨jrwfpGmomoemtwGif; tjrefqHk; csOf;eif;0ifa&muf&ef arwåm&yfcHtyfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"em trSwf (6)

trSwf(6) Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwfav[ef taumufÓPftrsdK;rsdK;jzifh tvJxdk;aejcif; ... [laom
apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m; .../
xdkapm'emcsuf tydk'f (2)wGif -
]]wDaumifonf qm;udk aMumufouJhodkUvnf;aumif;? rsufcrf;pyfonf aeudk
aMumufouJhodkUvnf;aumif;? r[kwfrrSef taumufÓPfjzifh ajymqdka&;om;Muaom OD;OuúXESifh
aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D polwdkUonf t[kwftrSefudk azmfjyonfh tbd"r®mudk
aMumufMuonfrSm obm0usygonf bk&m;? tbd"r®mudk vufcH,HkMunfvQif olwdkU\
vlaovljzpf½kyfMurf;0g' jymuszdkUom ½Sdygonf bk&m; ...}}[k apm'emxm;ygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf tbd"r®mudk raMumufMuyg/ tbd"r®mudkom
pGJudkifMuygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkU tzGJUcsKyfwGif udkifpGJonfh tbd"r®mrl ½Sdygonf? wynfhawmfwdkU
vrf;ñTefusifhoHk;enf;? cH,lcsuf oabmxm;twGuf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ cH,ludkifpGJvsuf
tbd"r®mo½kyfudk 1333-ckESpf uqkefvjynfh (Ak'¨[l;aeU) 1971-ckESpf? arvwGif &efukefûrdUü usif;yaom
jrefrmjynfvHk;qdkif&m or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrsm;\ rsufESmpHknD "r®obifrS tnDtñGwf þodkU
owfrSwfjyXmef;cJhygonf/
«rSwfcsuf / / or®m'd|dokawoe cH,lpGJudkifcsuf 9-csufonf tbd"r®mudky,fjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom
apm'emudk aom"emjcif; r[kwfrlí ,if;tcsufrsm;onf tzGJU\ cH,lcsufudk jzefUa0jcif;rQom
jzpfaomaMumifh 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; ûzwfy,fapcJhonf/ »
tydk'f (3) apm'emcsufwGif ]]tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[m r[kwfav[ef vkyfMuHajymqdkMuygonf
bk&m;}}[lí apm'u&[ef;awmfwdkUu apm'emûyxm;ygonf/ þapm'emcsuftwGuf wynfhawmfwdkU
apm'emûy&rnfudk tvGefyif0efav;í wGefUqkwfrdygaomfvnf; tbd"r®m (7)usrf;ESifh ywfoufí
wynfhawmfwdkU avhvmjcif;jzifh awGU½Sd&aom tcsuftvufwdkUudk wifjyavQmufxm;cGifh ûyawmfrlMuyg
bk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkU avhvmí awGU½Sdcsufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf bk&m;/
ax&0g'DwdkY\ cH,lcsuf
ygVdyd#uwfudk vufcHxm;Muonfh ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonf þ tbd"r®myd#uwGif
yg0ifaom usrf;rsm;udk (uxm0w¬KrS vGJvQif) Ak'öufawmfxif½Sm; ½SdawmfrlcsdefwGif Ak'üdk,fwdkif
xkwfazmfa[mMum;awmfrlcJhonf[k cH,lMuonf/ ,HkMunfMuonf? a[majymMuonf? xdkUaMumifh tbd"r®m

tpodkU
(7)usrf;onf Ak'¨0g' jzpfonf[k ,lqonf? tvGefav;pm;Muonf? þusrf;rsm;udk Ak'üdk,fwdkif rnfodkU

a[mMum;cJhonf? rnfonfhenf;jzifh jyefUyGm;qif;oufcJhonf paom taMumif;ESifh ywfoufí
ygVdusrf;*efrsm; txl;ojzifh tbd"r®mEG,faom usrf;rsm;ü tus,fw0ifh wifjyxm;Muonf/ wifjycsuf
(3)csuf oHk;rsdK;udk þodkU awGU&\/
1/ Ak'önf aAm"dyif&if;ü oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk &½SdNyD;aemuf aAm"dyifteD;wpf0dkufwGif
owåowåm[ (ckESpf&ufckESpfvD) oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf pwkw¬owåm[
(&wemC&owåm[)wGif tbd"r®m (7)usrf;udk tpOftwdkif; oHk;oyf
qifjcifawmfrlaomtcg udk,fawmfrS thHMozG,f a&mifjcnfawmfajcmufoG,f
uGefUjrL;awmfrlonf/
2/ Ak'önf (7)0gajrmufwGif wm0wdomewfjynfwGif yifv,fuopfyif&if;½Sd y@KurÁvm
jrausmufzsmxufü pMum0Vmwpfaomif;rS pnf;a0;vma&mufMuukefaom
ewftaygif;wdkUtv,f oDwif;oHk;awmfrlae\/ xdkpOf r,fawmfrdewfom; udk,fwdkif
rsufarSmufûyí ukovm "r®m tpcsDaom tbd"r®myd#uawmfudk 0gwGif;oHk;vywfvHk;
a[mawmfrlonf/
3/ xdkoHk;vtwGif; qGrf;cHcsdefwGif Ak'önf udk,fawmfESifh wpfxyfwnf;wlnDaom
edr®dw½kyfyGm;awmfudk zefqif;awmfrlí ]]þrQaom w&m;wdkUudk a[mMum;
½Gwfqdkapownf;}}[k t"d|mefûyum udk,fpm;xm;awmfrlcJhNyD;rS taemwwåa&tdkifodkU
<ujref;awmfrlonf/ xdkwGif udk,fvuf oefUpifawmfrlNyD;rS Owå&uk½kuRef;
(ajrmufuRef;)odkY qGrf;cH<uawmfrlonf/ xdkUaemuf taemwwåa&tdkifodkU
jyefvnf<ujref;um qGrf;bkOf;ay;NyD;vQif pEúl;awmfü aeUoefUpifawmfrlonf/
"r®aoemywd ½Sifom&dykwå&monf pEúl;awmodkU aeUpOfvmvwfí Ak'üdk
0wfBuD;0wfi,f ûyawmfrlonf/ Ak'önf ½Sifom&dykwå&mtm; ewfjynfü
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonfh tbd"r®ma'oemtpOfudk enf;ay;awmfrlonf? rax&fjrwfvnf;
aumif;pGm rSwfom;í Ak'¨ñTefjyawmfrlaom enf;taxmif todef;wdkUjzifh wefqmqifvQuf
rdrdwynfh &[ef; (500)wdkUtm; jyefvnf a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ þodkUjzifh ewfwdkUtm;
Ak'üdk,fwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlaom tbd"r®ma'oem NyD;qHk;csdefESifh ½Sifom&dykwå&m
jyefvnfa[mMum;awmfrlaom tbd"r®ma'oem NyD;qHk;csdefESpf&yfwdkUonf wpfûydifeufwnf;
jzpfavonf/
ygVdusrf;*efwdkUü azmfjytyfaom tbd"r®myd#u ay:aygufvmyHk ordkif;tusOf;csKyfrSm þrQom
jzpfygonf/

tpodkU
pwifxkwfazmfwifjyol
þtbd"r®mydkif;ESifh ywfoufaom ed'gef;taMumif;udk tapmqHk;wifjyazmfxkwfolrSm
½Sifr[mAk'äCmo jzpfonf/ azmfxkwfcsdefrSm c&pfESpf 400 -pk tqHk;? 500-pktp (Ak'ÿ&dedAÁmefpHNyD; ESpf
900-ausmfwGif) jzpfonf/ tjynfhtpHkqHk;azmfjyaomusrf;rSm xdkrax&fpD&ifaom t|omvdeDt|uxmusrf;
jzpfonf/ aESmif;acwfay: ax&0g' usrf;ûyyk*d¾KvfwdkUonf t½Sifr[mAk'äCmo\ tqdktrdefUudkyif
twnfûyvdkufemí pD&ifMuojzifh tbd"r®mordkif;aMumif;ESifh ywfoufaom ed'gef;rsm;onf
ygVdpmaye,fwGif wpfxyfwpfom;wnf; jzpfaeawmhonf? ½Sifr[mAk'äCmoonf ygVdawmfrsm;udk
tXuxm zGifhqdk&mü emrnf&í MoZmvTrf;rdk;vSojzifh ]]Ak'¨rwñl}}yk*d¾Kvf[líyif tac:cH&onf/
Ak'¨tvdkawmftmabmfudk odol[k t"dyÜm,f &ygonf/ oifh roifh qHk;jzwfMuygukef/
Ak'¨\"r®ppf rSwfausmuf
Ak'¨\ t"duusaom "r®onf ]]tewåjzpfonf? tewå\ trSwftom;onf tedpö jzpf\/
tedpöqdkonfrSm ae&mXme tcsdefumv "r®obm0tm;jzifh wpfoabmwnf; r½Sdjcif; jzpfonf? r&yfrem;
vIyf½Sm;ajymif;vTJaejcif;onf aMumif;usdK;qufpyfí jzpfysufaeaom jzpfysuftpOf\ tESpfom&jzpfaom
tewåyif jzpfonf}} þum; Ak'¨\ "r®ppf "r®rSef jzpfonf? Ak'¨\ "r®onf obm0tjyifbufodkU xGufjcif;
r&Sday? Ak'¨\"r®onf xGifvHk; r[kwf? t½Sdudk t½Sdwdkif; azmfjyonf? xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨\ "r®onf
rSwfausmufwifcHEdkifjcif;½Sdonf? Ak'¨\"r®onf oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf vHkavmufayonf/
odkUygvsuf -
(1) "r®tjyif tbd"r®m[laom oabm xyfqifh ay:xGufvm&jcif;
(2) "r®ESifh xdk"r®udk vdkufemxdef;odrf;a&;twGuf 0de,rsm;udk Ak'ü jyXmef;cJhygvsuf Ak'¨\
y&dedAÁmef pH0ifcsdefrSpí oHCmcsif;*dkPf;uGJum t,ltqrsm; uGJjym;í csJUxGif
jyefUyGm;vmjcif;/
(3) tbd"r®m t,ltq tcsJUtxGif rsm;jym;us,fjyefUvmonfESifhtrQ rl&if;"r®ESifh
0de,wdkUtay:wGif cH,lusifhoHk;csuf tm;enf;vmjcif;wdkUrSm rsufarSmufacwf
vlom;wdkUtm; pOf;pm;a0zef&ef wdkufwGef;aeygawmhonf/

oHo, oHo&m
txl;ojzifh þtbd"r®myd#u\ zGm;&mZmwdESifh zGm;jrifvmyHkwdkUonf urÇmYokawoDrsm;ESifhwuG
wdk;wufaom ynm½SifwdkU\ rsufvHk;wGif oHo,t&dyfta,mifrsm;oef;vsuf ½Sdapygonf? þtcsufudk
zHk;uG,fxm;vQif ½SufzG,f&mom ½Sdcsdrfhrnf/

tpodkU
,aeU urÇmYynm½SifwdkUonf urÇmudk ywfEdkifMuNyD? vAdrmefodkU wufEdkifMuNyD? t*Fgû*dvfodkU

û*dvfwkudk ypfvTwfEdkifMuNyD? tmumowGif ,mOfcsif;csdwfquf &yfwnfvsuf &ufv½SnfMumpGm
awGUaeMuygvsuf taemwwåtdkifESifh jrif;rdk&fawmifudk rawGUMu&aomaMumifh jrif;rdk&fawmifxyf½Sd
wm0wdomewfjynfü tbd"r®ma'oemawmfudk a[mawmfrlonfqdkaomtcsufudk oHo,jzpfMuonf
qdkonfrSm qef;onf[k rqdkEdkifyg/
pOf;pm;&ef
(1) yxrESifh 'kwd,oH*g,emwifyGJrsm;wGif tbd"r®myd#u yg0ifonf[lí r[m0ifç 'Dy0ifESifh
0denf; plV0g ygVdawmfwdkUwGif rawGUMu&jcif;/
(2) ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo a&;om;onfh 'dCedum,f t|uxmusrf;wGif
yxroH*g,emwifpOfu 0de,yd#uESifh edum,fBuD; 4-&yfwdkUudk tm*Hkaqmifí
xdef;odrf;apmifha½SmufEdkif&eftwGuf ½SifOygvdç ½SiftmeE´mç ½Sifr[muóyç ½Sifom&dykwå&mç
½SiftEk½k'¨gwdkU\ wynfhrsm;tm; ydkUcsay;&ef wm0efvTJtyfMuukefonf/ tbd"r®myd#u rnfolYtm;
wm0efvTJtyfonf qdkaomtcsuf vHk;0 rygjcif;/
(3) t|omvdeD tp½Sdaom t|uxmusrf;rsm;ESifh tdEd´,EdkifiH bmom&yfESifh
qefcsDt&yfrsm;wGif½Sdonfh a½S;a[mif;ausmufpmrsm;wGifvnf; ]]'DCbmPu, rZÑdrbmPu}} paom
pum;rsm;udk awGU½Sd&aomfvnf; ]]tbd"r®bmPu}}[laom a0g[m&udk vHk;0 rawGU&jcif;/
(4) oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPfwGifvnf; tbd"r®m (7)usrf; ½Sdonf/ xdk(7)usrf;wGif yg0ifaom
w&m;rsm;udk ½Sifom&dykwå&mESifh ½Sifarm*¾v’mefwdkU a[mcJhonf[k qdkjcif;/
(5) oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPfwGif½Sdaom tbd"r®m (7)usrf;rSm ta&twGufomwlí usrf;trnfrsm;ESifh
yg0ifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm ax&0g'*dkPf;½Sd tbd"r®musrf;rsm;ESifhrwl uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif; [laom
tcsufrsm;rSm pOf;pm;p&mrsm;½Sdí txufygtcsufrsm;udk axmufqvQif tbd"r®musrf;rsm;onf
Ak'¨0g'wdkUtwGif; *dkPf;rsm; uGJjym;NyD;rS woD;wjcm;pDay:aygufvmMuonf[k ,lq&efom ½Sdygawmhonf/

½IaxmifhtaxGaxG
(1) wwd,oH*g,emudk aqmif½GufawmfrlMuaom &[EÅmwpfaxmifwdkUonf "r®udk
OD;pD;cJhaMumif; azmfjy&mü ]]awyd#u}}[laom toHk;tEIef;udk awGU&onf/ ½Sifr[marm*¾vdwdórax&fonf
rdrdwdkU\ t,l0g' oefU½Sif;apjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;? omoemawmf t"GefU½SnfpGm wnfwHhjcif;iSm
vnf;aumif;? ]]tbd"r®m}}rnfaom uxm0w¬Kusrf;udk pD&ifcJhonf[k r[m0Housrf;wGif azmfjyxm;\/
(2) wdbufbmomodkU jyefqdkxm;aom oAÁw¬d0g'0de,usrf;ü yg½Sdaom yxroH*g,emwif
rSwfwrf;wGif tbd"r®mESifh ywfoufaom tqdkonf ygVdbmom rSwfwrf;rsm;xuf wdusvSonf/

tpodkU
xdkUaemuf ½Sifr[muóyrax&fonf þodkU qifjcifawmfrl\/ aemiftcg ynmudk

vdkvm;Muaom yk'fygXfwdkUudk ½Sd&if;twdkif; vdkufemMuaom w&m;awmfwdkU\ tqDtESpfudk
arhavsmhvdkMuaom olwdkUonf ½SdukeftHh? xdkoltaygif;wdkUrSm tusdK;iSm okwåESifh 0de,wdkU\ t"dyÜm,fudk
rl&if;twdkif; xdef;odrf;&eftwGuf igonf udk,fwdkifomvQif rmwdumtpOf (tbd"r®m)udk a[mMum;apthH?
xdkUaMumifh rax&fonf w&m;yv’ifxufodkUwufawmfrlí &[ef;taygif;wdkUtm; þodkU qdk\ - - tdk
t½SifjrwfwdkU rmwdumtpOfü rnfodkUaom w&m;rsm; yg0ifoenf;? Xdkt½SifwdkUuvnf; þodkUajymMu
ukef\? rmwdum (tbd"r®m)[lonf odtyf odxdkufaom w&m;wdkU\ jcm;em;aom 0daoowdkUudk
xif½Sm;atmifjywwfaom w&m;wnf;? odkUjzpfí owdyXmefav;yg;ç pGefUBuJjcif; ig;yg;ç £'¨dav;yg;ç
£aÈíg;yg;ç aAmZösif 7 yg;ç r*¾if ½Spfyg;ç y#dorÇd'g av;yg;ç oDvtusdK; av;yg;ç "r®av;yg;ç
udavomukefcef;jcif;ç tvdk½Sdtyfaom w&m;wdkUudk odjcif;ç yg&rD oknwm orm"d yn0drkwåd ÓPedAÁmef
'dAÁpu©KESifh tvHk;pHkaom w&m;taygif;wdkUtm; rSefuefpGm pkaygif;wwfjcif;wdkUonf rmwdumtpOf
(tbd"r®m)ü yg0ifukefMuNyD/
(3) udPSdXbk&ifvufxuf oH*g,emwifyGJonf oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPf\ordkif;wGif xif½Sm;aom
jzpf&yfwpfck jzpf\/ þoH*g,emwifyGJBuD;\ aemufwGif *dkPf;twGif; uGJjym;rIrsm; pwifvmonf/
tbd"r®m t|uxm jzpfaom a0bmousrf;wdkUudk tav;ay; vufcHxm;aom tkyfpkESifh
þtzGifhusrf;wdkUudk y,fí rlvokwåef tqdktrdefUrsm;udk vufcHaom tkyfpkwdkUonf a0bmodu*dkPf
okwåEdÅ*dkPf;[lí pwifuGJonf? xdkUaMumifh ajrmufydkif;*dkPf;rsm;wGif þoH*g,emwifyGJtNyD; (ax&0g'wdkU
vufcHaom oD[dkVf pwkw¬oH*g,emrwdkifrDuyif okwå, tbd"r®m, 0de, rnfaom yd#uoHk;yHk
ay:aygufvsuf ½Sdonfudk awGU&onf) þodkUqdkvQif tbd"r®m[laom tqdktrdefUESifh t,ltqrsm;
usrf;rsm;onf ½SifAk'äCmorwdkifrD ESpfaygif;ESpf&mausmfuyif ay:aygufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; cdkifrmpGm
awGU½Sd&onf/
(4) yxrESifh 'kwd,oH*g,emwGifwdkUü 0de,ESifh "r®rSwyg; tbd"r®musrf;rsm;onf
yd#utjzpf yg0ifonf[lí a½S;tusqHk;azmfjyaom rSwfwrf;rsm;onf ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo
t|uxmed'gef;rsm;om jzpfonf/ ol\acwfxuf apmaom acwfOD;trSwftom;wdkUü þtaMumif;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í wpfpHkwpf&m rawGU&acs/ ouúwusrf;rsm;u rmwdum (tbd"r®m)udk OD;pD;cJhonf[k qdkonf?
odkUaomf a[mMum;olrSm Ak'¨r[kwf? ½Sifr[muóy jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo\ tqdkonf
a½S;rSwfwrf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;em;BuD; jcm;em;vsuf ½Sdonf? ax&0g'*dkPf;om;wdkUteuf yd#u
jzpfay:wdk;wufrIudk tjynfhtpHkqHk; tcdkiftrmqHk; wifjyolwdkUwGif ½Sifr[mAk'äCmoonf tapmqHk;[k
awGU½Sd&NyD; jzpfonf? odkUaomf yxroH*g,emwifacwfESifh ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo ay:xGef;aom acwfwdkUonf
ESpfaygif; (900)ausmfrQ uGm[aeonf? þrQ ½Snfvsm;aom umvtwGif;wGif tdEd´,EdkifiH wpf0efvHk;ü
wpfa½GUa½GU uGJjym;ajymif;vGJaeonf? xdktajctaewGif oHCmhordkif; Ak'¨0g'DwdkU\ pmayvIyf½Sm;rIrsm;

tpodkU
ta½SUtaemuf tawG;tac:wdkU aygif;ul;a&m,SufvmrIrsm; [dE´L jAm[®PwdkU\ twåt,l0g'jzifh

xdk;ESufcsufrsm; tm;vHk;udkvnf; xnfhoGif; tuJjzwfoifh\/
(5) wwd,oH*g,emwif taomurif;vufxuf a&;xdk;cJhaom ausmufpmrsm;ü ]]"r®uxdu
ay#uokwåEdÅu --- yÍöaeum,du}} paom &[ef; - &[ef;rwdkU tyfESif;aom bGJUxl;rsm; yg0ifayonf/
þtcsuft& c&pfêud oHk;&mpkESpfrsm;twGif;uyif ax&0g'pmaywdkUü yd#uokwåEÅyÍöedum, [laom
a0g[m&rsm; xGef;um;aeonf[k ,lq&ayonf/
tbd"r®mpmayudk yd#uwpfqltaejzifh owfrSwfonf[k qdk&rnfjzpfaom tapmqHk;
taxmuftxm;rSm oD[dkVfuRef; r[dEÅav bk&m;ausmif;ausmufpmjzpfonf/ xdkausmif;wGif
oDwif;oHk;aom oHCmwdkUtwGuf vdIPf*lrsm; cGJjcm;xm;&mü okwåEÅyd#uaqmif &[ef;wdkUtwGuf *l
(7)vHk;? 0de,yd#uaqmif &[ef;wdkUtwGuf *l (5) vHk;? tbd"r®myd#uaqmif &[ef;wdkUtwGuf *l (12) vHk;
ponfjzifh twdtus a&;xdk;xm;ay&m oD[dkVfwGif apmapmydkif;uyif tbd"r®m xif½Sm;aeNyD jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
þodkUjzifh ax&0g'DwdkU\ tbd"r®mpmaypkonf yd#uwpfqltjzpf pkpnf;wnfaecsdefrSm
wwd,oH*g,emwifcsdef bDpD 244 xuf aemufrusEdkifyg? odkUygvsuf wm0wdomewfjynfü a[monf[k
,lqvQif ,lqolwdkU\ tpGJtvrf;wpf&yfom jzpfygvdrfhrnf/
Zmwfvrf;b,fu&ovJ
½Sifr[mAk'äCmo\ 0dok'd¨r*fusrf;jzpfay:vmyHk Zmwfvrf;onf rsufarSmufacwf okawoDwdkUtm;
oHo,yGm;aponf? ½Sifr[mAk'äCmoonf rZÑdra'orS oD[dkVfodkU a½Smuf½Sdaomtcg yd#uwfawmfudk
avhvmcGifh ul;,lcGifh&&eftwGuf r[m0d[m&0goD oHCmwdkUxHwGif cGifhyefonfhtcg r[m0d[m&0goDwdkUu
yd#uwfÓPfpGrf; usrf;ûycdkif;onf qdk\? þwGif 0dok'd¨r*¾t|uxmusrf;udk pD&ifonf? odMum;rif;u
,lNyD; 0Sufxm;í 'kwd,tBudrf jyefa&;&jyefonf? odMum;rif;u,lNyD; 0Sufjyefonf (jyefa&;&jyefonf)?
wwd,tBudrf a&;NyD;aomtcgrS yxr 'kwd,tBudrf a&;aom usrf;rlESpfapmifudk jyef&onf qdkonf?
usrf;pmrlrsm; 3-ck udk wdkufqdkifMunfh&m rjcm;wlnDaeonfudk awGU&onf qdk\/
odkUaomf okawoDwdkUu ½SmazGavhvmaomtcg 0dok'd¨r*fusrf;ray:rD ESpfaygif; 200-cefU u
ajrmufydkif;Ak'¨bmom*dkPf;rsm;twGif;ü ]]0drkwdår*¾}} [laom usrf;wpfusrf;ay:aygufaeNyD jzpfaMumif;udk
awGU½Sd&onf? xdkusrf;udk ouúwbmomrS w½kyfbmomodkU jyefqdkxm;onf/
0drkwdår*fusrf;yg tqdktrdefUrsm;onf ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo\ 0dok'd¨r*fusrf;yg tqdktrdefUrsm;ESifh
qifwl,dk;rSm;½Sdaeonfudk awGUMu&onf? trnfa&m taMumif;yg qifwl,dk;rSm; jzpfaeygonf/
þodkUvQif 0dok'd¨r*fonf 0drkwdår*fudk rSDjirf;ûy enf;,l&rnfrSm aocsmvSonf? odMum;0SufZmwfvrf;onf
xGifvHk;om jzpfonfqdkvQif vGefEdkifaumif;oavm? qdkvdkonfrSm wm0wðomZmwfvrf;udkvnf;

tpodkU
rSDjirf;ûyp&m wpfckckrS,lí xGifvQifqifvQif rjzpfEdkifygoavm? þum; okawoDwdkU\ oHo,yif

jzpfygonf/
½Sifr[mAk'äCmo ray:aygufrD &mpkwpfckausmfu ajrmufydkif;r[m,meomoemwGif
xif½Sm;ausmfMum;aom tbd"r®myk*d¾Kvf t½Sifto*Fonf wm0wðomewfjynfrS tjyefwGif
]]a,m*g0p&blrd}} usrf;BuD;udk a&;om;cJhonf [ktqdk½Sdonf? ½Sifto*F\ þZmwfvrf;onf
oD[dkVftb,*D&d*dkPf;wGif ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo ra&mufrDuyifvQif pdrfh0ifMoZma,mif;vsuf ½Sd\?
þZmwfvrf;onf ½Sifr[mAk'äCmoudk wm0wðomZmwfvrf;twGuf taxmuftulûyrnfrSm ,HkrSm;zG,f&m
r&Sdygacs/
wpfzef ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo\ t|omvdeDt|uxmwGif yg½Sdonfh ]]Ak'önf aAm"dyif&if;ü
oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk &½SdNyD;aemuf (owåowåm[) oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlpOf pwkw¬ajrmuf (&wemC&
owåm[)ü tbd"r®m(7)usrf;udk oHk;oyfqifjcifawmfrlonf}}[k yg½Sdonf/ 0de,yd#uudk r[m0*¾usrf;ü
aAm"dyifteD; Ak'öDwif;oHk;awmfrlcJhaom owåm[udk azmfjy&mü (yÍöowåm[)udkom awGU½Sd&onf? (7)&uf
(7)vD r[kwfbJ (7)&uf (5)vDom jzpfaeygonf? &wemC&owåm[vnf; ryg0ifacs? r[m0*¾usrf;onf
ygVdawmf0iftjzpf owfrSwfcH&onfhtjyif usrf;ay:ayguf&m acmwftaeESifhMunfhvQifvnf; t|omvdeD
t|uxmxufvnf;aumif;? tjcm;yd#uwfpmay trsm;pkxufvnf;aumif; rsm;pGmapmaeonf?
Ak'¨0ifcef;ESifh ywfoufí þr[m0*¾½Sd taMumif;t&mwdkUrSm tapmqHk; rSwfwrf;rsm; jzpfjcif;aMumifh
yÍöowåm[ tpOftvmonf owåowåm[ tpOftvmxuf cdkifrmonf[k ,lqEdkifygonf?
ygVdawmftqdkESifh t|uxmtqdk ESpfck,SOfvmvQif rnfonfhtqdkudk ,l&rnfenf;? ½Sif;aeygonf/
xkdUjyif Ak'önf tbd"r®ma'oemawmfudk r,fawmfrdewfom; trI;½Sd ewfy&dwfwdkUtm;
wm0wðomewfjynfü EIwfawmfjzifh a½S;OD;pGm a[mawmfrl\[k t|omvdeDt|uxm usrf;OD;ed'gef;ü
*gxmjzifhvnf;aumif;? pum;ajyjzifhvnf;aumif; azmfjyxm;onf? rnfonfh taMumif;aMumifh
rnfonfhtcsdefwGif wm0wðomodkU <ua&muf a[mMum;aMumif; tquftpyf razmfjyacs? þtaMumif;t&yf
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þodkU jzpfygonf/
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oydwftwGif;ü tawmifajcmufq,f½Sdaom wdkifxdyfwGifqGJxm;NyD; avmuü &[Eåm½SdonfqdkvQif
aumif;uifc&D;jzifh<uí þoydwfudk ,laqmifavmh[k aMujimonf? ed*@em#ykwåu y&d,m,fûyí
vma&muf awmif;aomfvnf; r&acs? (7)&ufajrmufaom aeUwGif Ak'¨\om0u ½Sifyda@mvonf
½Sifr[marm*¾v’mef\ wdkufwGef;csuft& rdrd\wefcdk; £'¨dyg'fudk xif½Sm;jyawmfrlí oydwfudk ,lonf?
xdktaMumif;udk Ak'ödawmfrlvQif tjypfwifawmfrlí oydwfudk cGJypfaponf? wdw¬dwdkUvnf; þtcsufudk

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tcGifhaumif;,lí oHCmhtzGJUudk ESdrfhcsykwfcwfMuonf? þwGif AdrÁdeom&rif;BuD;

avQmufxm;awmif;yefonf jzpfí Ak'ü rdrdudk,fwdkif wefcdk;jym#d[m jy&ef rdefUawmfrlonf/
om0w¬djynf rif;O,sOfrI;u@onf ysdK;tyfaom o&ufjzLyif&if;ü Ak'önf 0gqdkvjynfhaeUwGif
,rdkufjym#d[mudk txl;xl; jyawmfrlNyD;aemuf wm0wðomewfjynfodkU ESpfvSrf;oHk;z0g;jzifh <uawmfrlí
yifv,fuopfyif&if; cif;xm;tyfaom y@KurÁvm ausmufzsmtxufwGif oDwif;oHk;awmfrlvsuf
ewftaygif;wdkUtm; 0gwGif;oHk;vywfvHk; tbd"r®ma'oemawmfudk a[mMum;awmfrlonf?
a'oemawmftqHk;ü r,fawmfrdewfom; aomwmywådzdkvfü wnfonf? uka#½Spfaomif;rQaom
ewfwdkUtzdkUvnf; BuD;pGmaom "r®obif jzpfawmfrlonf? 0guRwfonfhaeUwGif jrif;rdk&fawmifxdyfü
&yfwnfvsuf wefcdk;jym#d[mudk jyawmfrlonf? xkdUaemufewfjA[®mtaygif; jcH&Hvsuf ewfwdkU zefqif;aom
apmif;wef;oHk;oG,fteuf ywåjrm;apmif;wef;jzifh ouFóe*dk&fûrdUwHcg;odkU qif;oufawmfrlonf/
þa'0ga&m[P0w¬KwGif yg½Sdaom tbd"r®med'gef;onf t|omvdeDed'gef;xuf ydkí jynfhpHkonf?
Ak'¨\ wm0wðomc&D;pOfudk azmfjyaom t|omvdeD? "r®y't|uxm q&mESpfOD;vHk;onf ygVd
yd#uwfwGifyg½Sdaom *gxmtcsdKUudk xkwfaqmifudk;um;í xm;aMumif; awGU½Sd&onf/
ygVd yd#uwfwGif yg½Sdaom ayw0w¬K? okwåEÅyd#u? ck'úedum,? tuFk&ayw0w¬KwGif þodkU
yg½Sdygonf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif Ak'önf wm0wðomewfjynf yifv,fuopfyif&if;ü y@KurÁvm
ausmufzsmxuf oDwif;oHk;awmfrlNyD; þodkU jrif;rdk&fawmifxdyfü oDwif;oHk;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
pMu0Vmwdkufwpfaomif;rS ewftaygif;wdkUonf pnf;a0;a&mufvmMuí qnf;uyfvkyfauR;Muukef\?
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom ewf\ tvif;a&mifonf Ak'¨\ tqif;ta&mifudk zHk;vTrf;rxGef;yEdkif? Ak'¨\
udk,fawmf tqif;ta&mifonf tvHk;pHkaom ewfwdkU\ tqif;ta&mifxuf omvGefxGef;y\[laom
taMumif; yg0ifonfh *gxmoHk;&yf yg0ifonf/
þ*gxmrsm;onf Ak'¨\ wm0wðomc&D;udk ñTefjyonfh tapmqHk; yd#uwfpmay
taxmuftxm;[k ,lqEdkifygonf? þZmwfvrf;wGif tuFk&ewfom;ESifh £Eúewfom;ESpfOD;wdkU\ a½S;ü
ûycJhzl;aom 'gerIESpfrsdK; tusdK;ay;ESpf&yf rwlnDyHkudk Ak'ä[mMum;awmfrlcJhonfh 'geESifhpyfonfh
a'oemrQudkom awGU&onf? r,fawmfrdewfom; taMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? tbd"r®ma'oemawmf
taMumif;udkvnf;aumif; wpfpGef;wpfprQ rawGU½Sd&yg/
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uGif;quftjzpf jrifEdkifonf? Ak'önf wm0wðomewfjynfodkU <uawmfrlí tuFk&ayw0w¬Konf
tapmqHk;jzpfonf/ ayw0w¬KESifh 0drmeow¬KwdkUrSm taomuacmwf ½Sifr[dE´wdkU oD[dkVfodkU oGm;pOfu
o,faqmifoGm;aom usrf;wdkUwGif tygt0ifusrf;rsm; jzpfMuonf? þwm0wðomü Ak'öDwif;oHk;cJhonfh
tcsdefudk ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo tbd"r®m w&m;OD;a[maom tcsdeftjzpf azmfjyygí txufyg oHk;*gxmwdkUudk

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udk;um;oHk;pGJí ½Sif;jycJhonf? wpfzef þ*gxmrsm;udkyif rlwnfí ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo\ tqdkenf;wl "r®y'

t|uxmq&mu a'a0ga&m[P0w¬Kudk ZmwftdrfzGJUí a&;om;jyefonf/
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yxrç t|omvdeD t|uxmonf 'kwd,ç "r®y't|uxmonf wwd, jzpfaeonfudk
pmayay:ayguf&macmwft& od½Sd&onf/
odkUaomf tuFk&aywow¬Kudk zGifhqdkcJhol t|uxmq&m ½Sif"r®ygv (c&pfESpf 10-&mpkcefU)url
txufyg oHk;*gxmwdkUonf yd#uwftwGif;üyif ½SdaecJhaomfvnf; Ak'ä[mr[kwf[k twdtvif;
rdefUMum;cJhygonf/
xkdUaMumifhyifvQif ax&0g'*dkPf;cGJwpfckjzpfaom okw¬EÅdu*dkPf;0ifwdkUu þtbd"r®myd#uudk
apmapmuyifvQif Ak'¨bmodwtjzpf vufrcHcJhMuyg? pifppf tbd"r®musrf;rsm;\ rlv&nf½G,fcsufonf
okwåefusrf;u w&m;acgif;pOfrsm;udk tus,fzGifhqdk&efrSwyg; tjcm; rjzpfEdkifyg? okwåefESifh tbd"r®mwdkU\
qufpyfrIrsm;udk ½SmazGaomtcg okwåefwGif ae&maygif;rsm;pGmwdkUü awGU&ygonf/
'DCedum,f? r[med'geoH,kwfrS okwfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf tbd"r®musrf;rsm;\ tajccH
jzpfaeaMumif; awGU½Sd&ygonf/ xkdUjyif t*Fkwå&edum,frS a,m"mZD0okwfonf tbd"r®myd#u
yk*¾vynwf\ tajccHjzpfaMumif;rSm xif½Sm;onf? a,m"mZD0okwfuyifvQif yk*¾vynwfxufydkí
tbd"r®mqefaeaMumif; awGU½Sd&ygonf/
'DCedum,f\ aemufqHk;okwfjzpfaom o*ØwdokwfESifh 'okwå&okwfwdkUonf tbd"r®m
(7)usrf;teuf yxrusrf;jzpfaom "r®o*FPDusrf;\ rl&if;tajccHrsm;yif jzpfonf? þESpfokwfudk
a[molrSm ½Sifom&dykwå&m jzpf\? þonfudk oJvGefp,lNyD; ½SifAk'äCmoonf ,ckvuf½Sd
tbd"r®musrf;rsm;udk tus,fenf;tm;jzifh ½Sifom&dykwå&muwpfqifh a[mMum;cJhonf[k rdrd\t,ltq
jznfhoGif;NyD; wm0wðomZmwfvrf;udk zefwD;cJhavoavm[k awG;zG,f jzpfygonf/
tbd"r®m a0g[m&
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vnf;aumif; tbd"r®\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkxm;csufudk t|omvdeDt|uxm paom usrf;rsm;wGif
okwå0de,wdkUxuf xl;uJpGm jrwfaomw&m;[k qdkvdkygonf? odkU&mwGif okwå0de,wdkUxuf
xl;uJvGefjrwfonfqdkaom tbd"r®mudk ck'úedum, (twdktxGm xnfhp&m) (0g) tao;i,fqHk;aom
edum,fwGif xnfhoGif;&onfrSm tonf;emp&m ½Sufp&m aumif;vSygonf/
tbd"r®m[laom a0g[m&udk yd#uwfawmftwGif;ü tenf;qHk; a0g[m&tjzpf awGU½Sd&onf?
rlvyPÖmo? r[ma*god*Fokwfü ]]r[marm*¾vmaem rH {w'a0gp tm0kaom om&dykwå a'G bdu©L

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tbd"r®uxH uaxEÅd}}[k yg½Sdonf? odkUaomf xdkokwfudk avhvmMunfh aomtcg om0u bmodw

(om0ua[m) tydkif;u rsm;aeonf/
({0H ar okwH)[k ½SiftmeE´mu ajymav[efjzifh pzGifhNyD; (tm,o®wm tmeaE´) ponfjzifh
½SiftmeE´monf Ak'¨\ Oy|mu (vkyfauR;ûypkol) jzpfí A[kokw<u,f0aMumif; azmfjyxm;jyefonf/
&[ef;wdkU xdkrSwyg; t*Fg(5)yg;ESifh rjynfhpHkaom &[ef;onf yÍÆif;cH ray;&? edó&nf; ray;&?
omraPudk rvkyfauR;ap&? ig;yg;[lonfum;
(1) teD;aewynfh twlaewynfhwdkUudk jrifhjrwfaom usifh0wfodu©mü usifhapjcif;iSm
rpGrf;Edkif/
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(3) tbd"r®mü qHk;jzwfjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkif/
(4) tbd0de,ü qHk;jzwfjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkif/
(5) jzpfay:vmaom t,lrSm;udk w&m;ojzifh ajzcRwfapaomiSm rpGrf;Edkif/
[lí 0de, r[m0*¾ygVd? r[mcEü? OyorÜma'wAÁyÍöuuxmü yg½Sdjyefonf/ 'DCedum,f?
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[laomtoHk;ESifh wGJíoHk;xm;aMumif; owdûy&ygrnf? þü tbd"r®mqdkonfrSm tbd"r®m(7)usrf;[k
qdkvdk&if; [kwf[efrwlyg? ygVdyd#uwftwGif;ü tbd0ded,[lí oD;jcm;ac:qdkxm;aom odu©myk'frsm;
r&Sdacs? tbd0ded,usrf; r½SdygbJ tbd"r®m(7)usrf;udk &nfñTef;onfqdkvQif ,kwåduif;rJU&m usygonf/
xkdUjyif udEÅdokwåwGif "r®udk tao;pdwfcGJjcif;[laom t"dyÜm,fjzifh tbd"r®a0g[m&
oHk;xm;onfudk awGU&onf? t*Fkw¬&edum,fwGif&Sdaom tbd"r®uxm[laom a0g[m&ü "r®udk
½Sif;vif;jywwfaom pmay[k t"dyÜm,f&onf? þt"dyÜm,fESpfckonf oifhwefaom ,kwådudkaqmifonf[k
,lqygonf/
txufwGif wifjycJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;t& tbd"r®musrf;rsm;onf okwåwGifyg0ifaom "r®udk
edum,fBuD;wGif yg0ifaom Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ "r®rsm;udk tao;pdwf ½IaxmifhpHkjzifh wifjyaom usrf;rsm;om
jzpfonf? Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif wdkuf½dkufa[maom usrf;rsm;r[kwf[k wynfhawmfwdkU ½dk;om;pGmyif
,lqMuygonf bk&m;? þodkU ,lqjcif;tm;jzifh Ak'¨\ *kPfawmfudk jrLrIefrQ xdcdkufrnf r[kwfyg?
0drkwd&ousdK;udk rkcs&½SdEdkifonfh Ak'ä[mawmfrlaom w&m;awmfrsm;onf edum,fBuD; rsm;wGif tjynfhtpHk
yg0ifNyD; jzpfaeonfomru ydkvQHíyif aeygao;onf bk&m;/
&½Sdaomtcsdef wdkawmif;vGef;vSojzifh wifjyp&m tcsuftvufrsm; trsm;yif usef&pfcJhonfudk
cGifhûyawmfrlMuyg bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf / / apm'em trSwf(7)udk aom"emjcif; rûy/

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aom"em trSwf(8)
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf
trSwf(8) apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
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vrf;aMumif;udk ydwfyif[efUwm; zsufqD;aeMuygonf[k apm'emcsufESifh ywfoufí aom"em
ûytyfygonf bk&m;/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf t½Sifjrwfrsm; bk&m;-
wynfhawmfrsm;onf y&d,wfpmayudk uRrf;usifolrsm; r[kwfygaMumif; a½SUydkif;wGif
wifjyavQmufxm;cJhNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
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oHoma&óH? oHo&mrS u,fwifxkwfaqmiftHh) [k ygVdESifh teufjyefxm;csufudk awGU½Sd&&m ¤if;ygVdrsm;\
okwåeftñTef;rsm; tydk'frsm; pmrsufESmrsm; razmfjyojzifh vkyfMuHxm;aom ygVdrsm;yif jzpfava&mYoxm;[k
oHo,0ifvsuf ½Sdaeygonf bk&m;/
«þae&mta&mufwGif ½Hk;awmfu ar;cGef;ar;onf/ »

pk'dwuwdkU\ oHo,aMumifh apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;udk ar;ppfjcif;
OD;ukrm&(0denf;"dk&f) -pk'dwu'umrsm;u trSwf(8) 0daooapm'emxJrSmygaom ]]Aka'¨g a[óH
oa'0au}}oEÅma&óH oa'0uH}} qdkwJh ygVdESifh teuf jyefjcif;udk oHo,½Sdae
ygw,fwJh? apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;u þtcsufudk ajyvnfatmif
ajz½Sif;jyvdkufyg/
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twdtus ñTefjyNyD; avQmufxm;ygr,f bk&m;/ ]]Aka'¨g a[óH
oa'0au}}[laom ygVdonf Ak'¨0HoygVdawmf pmrsufESm-300? *gxmeHygwf 55-
wGif yg½Sdygonf bk&m;? ]]oEÅma&óH oa'0uH}}[laom ygVdonfvnf;
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bk&m;/
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pk'dwursm; -auseyfygNyD bk&m;/
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avmu[laom yk'frSmvnf; apm'uq&mawmfrsm; azmfjyxm;ouJhodkU oa'0uavmu [kwfrnfrxifyg?

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wnf;[laom oHo&mrS xGufajrmufa&;vnf; usifhMuHtm;xkwfrI½SdrS &ygrnf? xdkusifhMuHtm;xkwfrI
twGufvnf; vrf;pOf ½Sd&ygrnf}}[k azmfjyxm;ygonf bk&m;/
wynfhawmfrsm;rSmvnf; 0drkwåd&o &½SdEdkifa&;twGuf usifhMuH tm;xkwfrIvrf;pOf ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
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0dok'¨d,m}} tp½Sdojzifh azmfjy&mü ygVdtxm;todkrSm q|rlESifh vGJacsmfaeygonf bk&m;/
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pmrsufESm(71) yk'fa&(106)wGif-
]]{um,aem t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g owåmeH 0dok'¨d,m}}
[k awGU½Sd&ygonf bk&m;? apm'uq&mawmfrsm; azmfjyxm;aom ygVdtxm;todku rSefuefygonf[k
,lqvQif q|rludk zsufay;yg&ef? odkUr[kwf q|rlu rSefygonf[k ,lqvQif apm'uq&mawmfrsm;
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aqmif½GufawmfrlEdkifMu&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;/
«þae&m ta&mufwGif ½Hk;awmfu ar;cGef;ar;onf»

bdu©a0 t,HESifh t,H bdu©a0udk ar;jcif;
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acsyxm;w,f? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u 'gudka&m ajyvnfatmif ajz&Sif;EdkifvQif
ajz½Sif;jyyg/

tpodkU
OD;0dok'¨(apm'u) -wynfhawmf 0dok'önf ]]{um,aem bdu©a0}} tp½Sdaom ygVdawmftygt0if

'DCedum,fBuD; wpfckvHk;udk EIwfwuf½G½G tvGwf tm*HkaqmifcJhol jzpfygw,f
bk&m;? 'Dvdk 'DCedum,fBuD; wpfckvHk;udk EIwfwuf½G½G tm*HkaqmifcJhwJh
yk*¾dKvfjzpfwJh twGuf ,ck ]]{um,aem t,H bdu©a0}} paom ygVdudkyJ 'DaeU
'Dtcsdeftxd wynfhawmfrsm; EIwfwuf½G½G tm*Hk&aeqJ ½Sdygao;w,f bk&m;?
'ghaMumifh wynfhawmfrsm; tcsdefr&wJh twGuf vufESufpuf rlMurf;trSm;udk
êudwifjyifqifNyD; 0daooapm'em wifoGif;wJhtcsdefrSm wynfhawmfudk,fwdkif
bk&m;a[mygVdawmftwdkif; trSm;udk jyifqifí trSeftwdkif; wifoGif;cJhygw,f
bk&m;? wifoGif;cJhwJh yHkpHu-
]]{um,aem t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g owåmeH 0dok'¨d,maomuy&da'0geH
orwduúrm, 'ku©a'greóeH tw¬*Frm, Ó,ó t"durm, edAÁmeó
opädud&d,m,? ,'dwH pwåma&m owdy|mem-}}
vdkU bk&m;a[m 'DCedum,f? okwfr[m0g? r[mowdy|meokwf? q|rl twdkif;
wifoGif;cJhygw,f bk&m;? tvGwf&aeaom ygVdjzpfí vufESufpuf ½dkufxm;aom
pmrltrSm;udkzsufNyD; trSeftwdkif; wifoGif;cJhyHkudk 0gqdkvqef;(3)&uf? eHeufydkif;
0daooapm'em wifoGif;cJhcsdefrSm þ½Hk;awmfrS toHzrf;,lxm;aom
uwfqufacGudk em;axmifMunfh&if trSeftwdkif; twdtus wifoGif;xm;aom
0daooapm'em jzpfaMumif; pk'dwursm; ½Sif;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -pk'dwu 'umrsm; auseyfMuNyDvm;/
pk'dwursm; -auseyfygNyD bk&m;/
5/ wynfhawmfrsm;onf 0drkwåd&o &½Sda&;twGuf usifhMuHtm;xkwfrI vrf;pOf ½SdygaMumif;
txufwGif avQmufxm;cJhNyD;ygNyD bk&m;/ wynfhawmfrsm;\ vrf;pOfrSm r[mody|meokwfawmft&
]]bdu©a0? &[ef;wdkU/ ,'d'H pwåma&m owdy|mem? tMuifowdy|mefav;yg;onfum;/ owåmeH?
owå0gwdkU\/ 0dok'¨d,m? pifMu,fjcif;iSm/ aomuy&da'0geH? aomu y&da'0wdkUudk/ orwduúrm,?
vGefajrmufjcif;iSm/ 'ku©a'greómeH? 'ku©a'greówdkU\/ tw¬*Frm,? csKyfNidrf;jcif;iSm/ Ó,ó?
r*fÓPfudk/ t"d*rm,? &jcif;iSm/ edAÁmeó? wPSmtap;uif;uGmrIudk/ opädud&d,m,?
rsufarSmufûyjcif;iSm/ {um,aem? wpfckwnf;aom wnf&m rSD&mtm;udk;&monf/ ra*¾g? r*¾if½Spfyg;
tusifhjrwfw&m;wdkUaywnf;}}[laom w&m;yif jzpfygonf? xdkr*¾if½Spfyg; w&m;awmfwdkUü 0dyóemorx
onfvnf; 0dZÆmESifh p&Pyif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
tbd"r®myd#u? oar®m[0daem'eDt|uxm(4-opö0db*F)? 1-okwåEÅ bmZeD,? 4-
r*¾opöeda'ó0PÖem (ESm-114) wGif ]]aomacg yaeo ra*¾g or®m'd|douFyÜgeH 0dZÆm,ç aoo"r®meH

tpodkU
p&aPe o*F[dwwåm 0dZÆm ap0 p&PÍö/ wxm awoH 'GdEéH 0dyóem,maeeç £wa&oH orx,maeeç
o*F[dweåmç oraxm ap0 0dyóem p}}[lí yg½Sdygonf/
0dZÆm? odkUr[kwf 0dyóemonf or®m'd|dESifh or®mouFyÜ jzpfygonf? p&P? odkUr[kwf orxonf
or®m0gpm or®morm"d jzpfygonf bk&m;/ r*¾ifxdkufaom 0dyóemudk usifhoHk;jcif;tm;jzifh
orxjzpfaom(odkU) p&Pjzpfaom Nidrf;at;rI tusifhonfvnf; jynfhpHkNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;? odkUygí
wynfhawmfrsm;twGuf 0dyóemtvkyfudk vkyf,if;jzifhyif orxtvkyfrsm;vnf; tvdktavsmuf
yg0ifaeNyD; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
6/ Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf ynm"duAk'¨jzpfí r*¾if½Spfyg;wGifvnf; or®m'd|d(0g)ynmonfyif
eHygwf 1-ae&mwGif xm;½Sd a[majymawmfrlcJh&m wynfhawmfrsm;uvnf; ynmpcef;jzpfaom
0dyóemudkom a½SUqHk;rSxm;í ajymqdka&;om;ae&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? or®m'd|d [lonf tjrifrSef
jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdk ]]tjrifrSef}} udk ]]trSefjrif}} rS &½Sdygonf? trSefjrifqdkonfrSm ouf½SdoufrJh
jzpfygonf? þouf½SdoufrJhonf oE´d|du tumvdu paom "r®*kPfESifhvnf; udkufnDygonf bk&m;?
ouf½Sdvlom;onf oufrJhtpm? a&ç avwdkUaMumifh jzpf&onf? xdk tpm a& avwdkUonf A[d'ävmuü
½Sdonf? A[d'önf tZÑwå jzpfvmonf? xdktZÑwåonf ouf½Sd jzpfonf? Xdkouf½SdonfyifvQif rMumjrifhrD
A[d'¨jyifyodkU ul;ajymif;oGm;onf? tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tpm av a&wdkUonfyifvQif a½GUvsm; rwnfNidrf
yHkpHwpfckrS yHkpHwpfckodkU ajymif;vJaeonf? Oyrm pyg;rS qef? qefrS xrif;? xrif;rS vl jzpfygonf bk&m;/
rwnfjrJaom ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;wdkUjzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom þ½kyfum, 0w¬Konfvnf;
rwnfNrJay? xdkodkUodvmaomtcg xdkouf½Sd½kyfum,ay:ü ]]tjrifrSef}} &½Sdvmygonf?
xdktjrifrSefonfyifvQif or®m'd|d jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdkor®m'd|donfyifvQif ynm jzpfygonf bk&m;?
ynm[lonf ]]yuma&e ÓaPm}} t& cGJjcm;pdwfjzmí odaom todÓPfyif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
«þae&m ta&mufwGif ½kH;awmfu ar;cGef;ar;onf»

yuma&e ÓaPm ygVdtrSm;udk ar;jcif;
OD;ukrm&(0denf;"dk&f) -apm'emtrSwf(8)udk ajzMum;aom aom"emü ]]yuma&e ÓaPm}}[laom
ygVdonf usrf;wpfusrf;u,lNyD; xnfhxm;aom ygVdvm;? or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJUrS 'umwdkU&JU vufjzpf ygVdvm;/
zwfMum;ol -'gu wynfhawmfwdkU 0daoopew¬oabm oufa&mufwJh ygVdwpfckckudk
wynfhawmfrsm; ½Sm&if; azG&if; zwf&if; A[kokw Mum;zl;wJhtaeeJU
xnfhxm;wmyg bk&m;/
OD;ukrm&(0denf;"dk&f) -or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU Ouú| OD;cif[efrSm wm0ef½Sdygw,f OD;cif[efudk ar;yg/

tpodkU
OD;ukrm& -'umOD;cif[ef 'DygVd o'´gusrf;uvm;? wjcm;usrf;uvm;?

b,fu&w,fqdkwm ajzyg/
OD;cif[ef -bk&m;wynfhawmfrsm;udk ,ckvdk ar;prf;aewJhtwGuftcsdefvJ ukefoGm;ygNyD
bk&m;/ wynfhawmfwdkU&JU cRwf,Gif;rIawGudk t½Sifbk&m;rsm; qHk;jzwfwJhtcgrSm
xnfhoGif;qHk;jzwfyg bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -'umBuD;wdkU vkyfNyD;xnfhwmvm;? udk,fwdkif 0dû*d[fvkyfxm;wm qdk&ifvJ
udk,fwdkif vkyfxm;aMumif; ajz&if NyD;'gygyJ/
OD;cif[ef -wynfhawmfwdkUvJ q&morm;eJU vkyf&wmyg bk&m;? udk,fwdkif rodyg bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -udkif; udkif; udk,fwdkif rodbl;wdk xm;awmh [kwfNyD ½Sif;aeNyD/
OD;cif[ef -wynfhawmfwdkU[m 'D½SifawmfAk'¨tbd"r®mudk oda&;wwfa&;twGuf ,o
owdkUom;eJU bk&m;wynfhawmfwdkU[m odyfNyD;awmh rxl;Muygbl;? olrom
udk,fromjzpfMuygw,f/
OD;ukrm&(0denf;"dk&f) -'D ,o owdkUom;awG bmawG ajzaep&m rvdkygbl;? yuma&e ÓaPm
udkomajzyg? tydkawG ajymraeygeJU/
or®m'd|dokawoe(tzGJU0ifwpfOD;)-yuma&e ÓaPmqdkwJh ygVdu tm;vHk;wynfhawmfrsm; wpfomoemvHk;
yxri,fwef;upNyD;ajzwJh OD;yÍÆif;i,frsm; ½SifomraPi,frsm;
avmufupNyD;awmh odMuygw,f bk&m;? 'DygVdu ygVdawmfawGxJrSm
r½Sdaomfvnf;bJ t|uxm #DumawGxJrSmtrsm;qHk; awGUEdkifwJh ygVdtrsdK;tpm;
jzpfaMumif;yg bk&m;/
OD;Óedu -'DygVdudk bkef;BuD;wdkU ar;&wmu wjcm;aMumifhr[kwfbl;? yuma&e ÓaPm rSm
ÓaPmqdkwmvGJaew,f vdifvGJaew,f? 'umrsm; bk&m;a[mygVdudk *½kpdkuf
rpdkuf? ygVdoifzl; roifzl;? vufawGUod&atmif bkef;BuD;wdkUu ar;&jcif;
jzpfw,f? o'´gpnf;urf;t& ajym&vQif ]]yuma&e ÓPH}}omjzpfp&m ½Sdw,f?
]]yuma&e ÓaPm}} vdkU b,fenf;eJUrS raeEdkifbl;? ygVdpnf;rsOf;eJUrnD
ygVdxHk;wrf;pOfvm vGJaew,f? b,ft|uxmç #DumrSmrS rawGUEdkifbl;?
tJ'gaMumifh ygVdrwwfbJ wpfa,mufa,mufursm; 0ifNyD; a&;xm;wmvm;vdkU
ar;wm? 'grSr[kwf OD;Ouú|vdk xGifvdkufwmvm;vdkU bkef;BuD;wdkUu ar;wm/
OD;ukrm& -yuma&e ZmemwDwd ynm-'Dvdk&if ½SdrSmudk;? yuma&e ÓPH-qdk&ifvJ
y&d,m,fyk'fawmh jzpfygw,f? tck 'DtrSwf(8)aom"emrSm ]]yuma&e ÓaPm}}
vdkU a&;xm;wm 'g b,fvdkoabmvJ/
OD;cif[ef -rSefyg? vdifvGJaewJh oabmyg bk&m;/

tpodkU
OD;ukrm& -vdifvGJjcif; jzpfw,f/

OD;cif[ef -rSefyg? vdifvGJaMumif; 0efcHygw,f bk&m;/
OD;ukrm& -vGJaMumif; 0efcH&if awmfNyD? a½SUquf zwfayawmh/
rjrJaom½kyfudk rjrJaom½kyf[lí tydkifodjcif;yif ]]tjrifrSef}} jzpfygw,f/
]]tedpöHa,0 bdu©a0 bdu©K pu©K pu©HK tedpöEÅd yówd? Óó a[mwd or®m'd|d}} (cE¨0*¾
oVm,we0*¾ oH,kwåygVd? tZÑwåeE´du©,okwå? pm-157/)
7/ xdkodkU or®m'd|djzpfNyD;aom yk*¾dKvfonf or®mouFyÜ tawG;tac:rSef MuHpnfrIrSef
jzpfygonf? xdktawG;rSef MuHpnfrIrSefonf umr*kPfig;yg;wdkUü MuHpnfrI n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrI
MuHpnfawG;ac:rI aMumifhMupdkufrI awmifhwylyefrIwdkUü rMuHpnfawmhbJ þ,kwfnHhaom MuHpnfrIrsm;rS
a½SmifMuOfí ]]rjrJaom ½kyfwdkUrS vGwfajrmufrIudkom MuHpnfjcif; rn§if;qJawmhjcif; aMumifhMurI
awmifhwrIwdkUrS uif;a0;jcif;rsm; jzpfvmygonf? þonfyifvQif or®mouFyÜ tawG;tac:rSef jzpfygonf
bk&m;? þor®m'd|d or®mouFyÜ[laom tjrifrSef tawG;rSefwdkUonfyifvQif ynm jzpfonf? 0dZÆm jzpfonf?
0dyóem jzpfygawmhonf bk&m;/
8/ xdktjrifrSef tawG;rSef 0dyóemESifh jynfhpHkaom yk*¾dKvfonf rrSefaom ajymrIudk
a½SmifMuOfí tajymrSefrIodkU tvdktavsmuf a&muf½Sdvmygawmhonf? tb,faMumifhqdkaomf 0pD'kp½dkuf
av;yg;udk tjrifrSef tawG;rSefjzifh y,fvdkufaomaMumifh jzpfygonf bk&m;/
9/ þodkU apmifhpnf;jcif;oDv usifhMuHjcif; p&PwdkU jzpfvmygonf? ynm(odkU) 0dZÆm(odkU)
0dyóemESifh jynfhpHkNyD;aom yk*¾dKvfonf ]]rrSefaom tvkyf}} jzpfaom toufowfjcif; cdk;,lwdkufcdkufjcif;
umrwdkUü vGefusL;jcif;wdkUudk a0&rPd=a½SmifMuOfjcif;ç t0dwduúr=rvGefusL;jcif;wdkUjzifhvnf;
usifhoHk;ygonf bk&m;/
or®m'd|d or®ouFyÜ tjrifrSef tawG;rSef½Sdaom yk*¾dKvfonf npfñl; ylyefaprIudk jzpfapwwfaom
taMumif;w&m;rsm; jzpfí xdkoHk;yg;udk rusifhoHk;bJ y[meoDv tjzpfjzifhvnf; z,f½Sm;xm;NyD; jzpfygonf?
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf xdk(3)yg;onf rdrdtvkyf r[kwfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf? xdky[meonfyifvQif
or®mur®EÅ ]]tvkyfrSef}} jzpfygonf? þtwdkif;apmifhpnf;onf? þtwdkif; usifhygonf bk&m;/
10/ or®mur®EÅajrmufaom vkyfudkif½SmazGrIjzifh &tyfaomypönf;wdkUudk oHk;aqmifí rQwpGm
oufarG;0rf;ausmif; ½Sdjcif;jzifh or®mtmZD0r*¾ifudk usifhoHk;onf rnfygonf bk&m;/
11/ 0g,mr[lonf vHkUvOóm[ûyjcif; jzpfonf? trSefvHkUvó[ûyjcif; qdkonfrSm
rjzpfao;aom tukodkvfrsm; rjzpfatmif jzpfNyD;aom tukodkvfrsm;udk y,f&ef tm;xkwfjcif;ç
rjzpf&ao;aom tukodkvfrsm; jzpfvmatmif vHkUvOóm[ûyjcif;ESifh jzpfNyD;aom ukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk
yGm;rsm;atmif vHkUvOóm[ûyjcif;wdkU jzpfygonf? þr*¾ifudkvnf; pGrf;tm;½Sdolrsm; usifhoHk;Muygonf/

tpodkU
12/ owd=*½kpdkufrI rSwfom;rIqdkonfrSm trSef*½kpdkufrIjzpfonfh a½SUodkUMunfh&m wl½IMunfh&m

wapmif;Munfh&mwdkUüvnf;aumif;ç auG;jcif; qefUjcif;wdkUüvnf;aumif;ç cGufa,mufudkifjcif;
t0wfudkifjcif;wdkUü vnf;aumif;ç pm;jcif; aomufjcif; rsdKjcif; cJjcif;wdkUüvnf;aumif;ç tav;oGm;jcif;
ayghoGm;jcif;wdkUüvnf;aumif;ç oGm;jcif;ç &yfjcif;ç xdkifjcif;ç avsmif;jcif;ç Edk;Mum;jcif;ç ajymqdkjcif;ç
qdwfqdwfaejcif;wdkUü vnf;aumif; þonfwdkUonf trSef*½kpdkufrI jzpfygonf bk&m;/
13/ or®morm"d=wnfMunfrIrSef qdkonfrSm tjrifrSefç tawG;rSefç tajymrSefç tvkyfrSefç
oufxdef;rSefç vHkUvOóm[ûyrIrSefç *½kpdkufrIrSef [laom owå*Øur*fay:ü wnfMunfjcif;onfomvQif
or®morm"d= wnfMunfrIrSef jzpfygonf bk&m;? þtwdkif;omvQif wnfMunf\? þtwdkif;omvQif
usifh\/
14/ þodkU oefY½Sif;pifMu,f rGefjrwf vGwfvyfonfh wpfckwnf;aom wnf&m rSD&m vrf;pOfü
tod\ jynfhpHkjcif; todÓPfa&mufjcif; jzpfvQif rsufpdvnf aysmuf\? todÓPf a&muf\? rsufpdvnf
aysmufonf[k qdk&mü rarG;zGm;rD twdwfumvESifh aoNyD;aemuf tem*wfumvwdkUtay: rsufpdrvnfjcif;
jzpfí oE´d|du"r®tay:ü todÓPfa&mufaejcif; jzpfygonf? xdktcg taMumuf[lí vnf;aumif;?
tajr§muf[lí vnf;aumif; uif;yum 'ku©Nidrf;a&;udk pdwfcs&NyD jzpfygonf bk&m;/
þodkUomvQif xyfzefwvJvJ bm0emyGm;rsm;jcif;jzifh wPSmoHk;&yfudk tNyD;tydkif
z,f&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf usifhoHk;vsuf ½Sdygonf bk&m;/
15/ wynfhawmfrsm;onf 'd|"r®ç ywå"r®ç 0d'dw'r®ç y&da,m*gV§"r® tay:üomvQif
usifhoHk;vsuf ½Sdygonf? oHo,rsm; vGefajrmufNyD odkUavm odkUavm rjzpfNyDç ajym&J qdk&JNyDç wyg;olESifh
rqdkifNyD[laom þodkUaom0dyóemrsdK; þodkUaom orxrsdK;udkomvQif wynfhawmfrsm; usifhoHk;rdygonf
bk&m;/
16/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm; qdkvdkaom a,m*vrf;pOf omoemy orP jA[®PwdkU\
vrf;pOfrsdK;ü tusHK;0ifonfh orx0dyóemrsdK;udk wynfhawmfrsm; rusifhoHk;Muyg bk&m;?
omoemyvrf;pOfrsdK;onf Ak'¨\ tewåtbd"r®m "r®a'oemppfü ryg0if[k wynfhawmfrsm; ½dk;om;pGmyif
,HkMunfygonf bk&m;/
17/ apm'emcsuf(8)wGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u rlvyPÖmo ygVdawmf? Moyr®0*f?
&xe0deDwokwf? pmrsufESm-204 ESifh jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm-210-211 wdkUwGif wifjyxm;onfh okwåefrSm
jynfhpHk vHkavmufjcif; r½SdaMumif; awGU½Sd&ygonf bk&m;? xdkokwåefwGif t½Sifom&dykwå&mESifh rEÅmPD\ om;
t½SifykPÖwdkU wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; aqG;aEG;í&xm;Oyrm yHkaqmifjcif; jzpfygonf? aqG;aEG;csufrSm-
]]ig½&Sif jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhoHk;oavm}}[k ar;\/
]]ig½&Sif rSefyg\}}[k qdk\/

tpodkU
]]igh½Sif tusifhoDv pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü jrwfaom tusifhudk

usifhoHk;oavm}}[k ar;\/
]]igh½Sif r[kwfyg}}[k qdk\/
]]igh½Sif pdwform"d txl;pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü jrwfaomtusifhudk
usifhoHk;oavm}}[k ar;\/
]]igh½Sif tjrif txl;pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü jrwfaom tusifhudk usifhoHk;aom}}[k
ar;\/
]]igh½Sif ,HkrSm;jcif;udk vGefajrmufrIÓPf txl;pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü
jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhoHk;oavm}}[k ar;\/
]]igh½Sif r*f[kwfonf r[kwfonfü ÓPftjrif txl;pifMu,fjcif; tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü
jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhoHk;ygoavm}}[k ar;\/
]]igh½Sif tusifh tEkvHkÓPftjrif txl;pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm jrwfpGm bk&m;xHü jrwfaom
tusifhudk usifhoHk;ygoavm}}[k ar;\/
]]igh½Sif r*fÓPftjrif txl;pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü jrwfaom tusifhudk
usifhoHk;ygoavm}}[k ar;\/
]]igh½Sif tusifhoDv txl;pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü jrwfaom tusifhudk
usifhoHk;ygoavm}}[k ar;aomf-
]]igh½Sif r[kwfyg}}[k ajzqdk\/
]]igh½Sif pdwform"d txl;pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü jrwfaomtusifhudk
usifhoHk;oavm}}[k ar;aomf-
]]igh½Sif tjriftxl;pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm/ y/ igh½Sif tjrif txl; pifMu,fjcif;tusdK;iSm
jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhoHk;oavm}}[kar;aomf-

tpodkU
]]igh½Sif tu,fí þtusdK;iSm rusifhoHk;aomf tb,ftusdK;iSm jrwfpGm bk&m;xHü

jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhoHk;aeoenf;}}[k ar;\/
]]igh½Sif pGJ,lrI r½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif; tusdK;iSmomvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü
jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhoHk;yg\}}[k qdk\/
igh½Sif tusifhoDv txl;pifMu,fjcif;onf pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif;avm [k
ar;\? Igh½Sif r[kwfyg [k qdk\/ y/ igh½Sif pdwform"d txl;pifMu,fjcif;onf pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif
Nidrf;at;jcif;avm[k ar;aomf igh½Sif r[kwfyg [k ajzqdk\? igh½Sif tjrifxl; pifMu,fjcif;onf
pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif;avm[k/ y/ igh½Sif r*fÓPf tjrifxl; pifMu,fjcif;onf
pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif;avm [k ar;aomf igh½Sif rjzpfyg [k ajzqdk\/
igh½Sif þw&m;wdkUudk MuOfí pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif; onf jzpfoavm [k
ar;aomf igh½Sif r[kwfyg [k ajzqdk\/
igh½Sif þw&m;wdkUudkMuOfí pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif; onf jzpfoavm [k
ar;aomf igh½Sif rjzpfyg [k ajzqdk\/
igh½Sif tb,fodkUvQif þajzqdkaom pum;\ teufudk rSwfoifhoenf; [k ar;\/
igh½Sif tu,fí jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tusifhoDv txl; pifMu,fjcif;udk pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif
Nidrf;at;jcif;[k ynwfjim;tHh? pGJ,lrIESifhwuG omvQif jzpfaom w&m;wdkUudk pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif
Nidrf;at;jcif; [k ynwfonf rnf&m\/ y/ igh½Sif tu,fí jrwfpGmbk&m;onf r*fÓPf\ tjrif
txl;pifMu,fjcif;udk pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif;[k ynwfjim;tHh? pGJ,lrIESifhwuGomvQif
jzpfaom w&m;udk pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif;[k ynwfonf rnf&m\?
igh½Sif tu,fí þw&m;wdkUudk MuOfí pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif;onf jzpfcJhjim;tHh
ykxkZOfonf xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;&m\/
igh½Sif rSef\? ykxkZOfonf þw&m;wdkUudk MuOfí jzpf\/ igh½Sif þavmuü Oyrmtm;jzifh
tcsdKUukefaom ynm½Sda,musfm;wdkUonf ajymqdkaom pum;\ teufwdkUudk odMuukef\/ xkdUaMumifh
oifhtm; OyrmjytHh/

q|rl jrefrmjyeftwdkif; qufvufavQmufxm;aeygu tcsdef ravmufrnf jzpfygí tusOf;csKyf
18/ yaóe'Daumovrif;BuD;onf om0w¬dûrdUrS omauwûrdUodkU oGm;\? vrf;wGif
&xm;ckESpfpD; pDpOfxm;\? aemufqHk; eHygwfckESpf &xm;jzifh omauwûrdodkU a&mufonfh Oyrm jzpfygonf
bk&m;/

tpodkU
þOyrmü yaóe'Daumovrif;onf omauwûrdUodkU a&muf½Sda&;onfom t"du jzpfygonf?

þokwåef\ t"du&nf½G,fcsufrSm ½Sifom&dykwå&m\ tar; t½SifykPÖ\ tajzwGif pGJ,lrIr½Sdaom
xuf0ef;usifNidrf;at;jcif; ]]tEkyg'u&dedAÁmef}} twGufom jzpfygonf? 0dok'¨d(7)cef;vrf;pOf[lí
vnf;aumif;? oDv0dok'¨dESifh pdwå0dok'¨dwdkUonf orxusifhpOf[lívnf;aumif;? usefig;yg;jzpfonfh
'd|d0dok'¨dç ucFg0dw&P0dok'¨dç r*¾gr*¾ÓP'óe0dok'¨dç y#dy'gÓP'óe0dok'¨dç ÓP'óe0dok'¨dwdkUonf
0dyóemusifhpOf [lívnf;aumif; apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'em trSwf 8^1 qGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodkU
azmfjyxm;jcif; r½Sdyg? xdkokwåeftwGuf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ twåaemrwdrQomvQif jzpfygonf?
okwåef"r®rsm;udk avhvm&mwGif t½Sdudk t½Sdtwdkif;om apm'emoifhygonf bk&m;? "r®udk t"r®jzpfatmif
0de,udk t0de,jzpfatmif udk,fvdk&m udk,fqGJí a&;om;apm'emrIûyvQif ]]r,H tmyZÆwDwd
tmywåd}}[laom 0pew¬t& apm'uq&mawmfrsm;wGif tmywfoifhí tyg,fodkUvm;rnfudk
pdk;&drfylyefrdaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;? tmywfoifhaom &[ef;rsm;udkvnf; bk&m;½Sifu
armCd,yk&do ]]r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;aom a,musfm;}}[k qdkavh½SdaMumif;udk ynm½Sifrsm; ajymjycsuft&
wynfhawmfrsm; rSwfom;xm;zl;ygonf? rSefonf rrSefonfuawmh wynfhawmfrsm; rodyg bk&m;/

19/ ]]pGJ,lrIr&Sdaom xuf0ef;usif Nidrf;at;jcif;}} ]]tEkyg'y&dedAÁmef}} twGuf tv*'´Lyrokwf?
azmif Oyrm (ukv’Lyr)wGif ]]&[ef;wdkU odrf;ydkufxm;&ef r[kwfbJ ul;ajrmufzdkU&ef rusdK;iSmomvQif
azmifudk zGJU\}}[laom azmifOyrm½Sdaom w&m;awmfudk a[mMum;jcif; jzpfygonf/
(rlvyPÖmo jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm-191? yk'fa&-240)
xdkukv’Lyrokwf\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm wynfhawmfrsm; txufrSwifjyxm;onfh &x0deDwokwfESifh
wpfxyfwnf; wpfax&mwnf; jzpfaeygonf? ukv’Lyrokwf\ tusOf;csKyfudk avQmufxm;&ygvQif-
a&jyifudkjzwfí wpfzufurf;odkU oGm;vdkaoma,musfm;onf opf0g; jrufwdkUudk pk½kH;azmifzGJUum
vufajcwdkUjzifh êud;pm;avSmfcwfí wpfzufurf;odkU ta&muful;oGm;NyD;aemuf xdkzufurf;odkU
a&mufaomtcg azmifonf ightwGuf tvGefaus;Zl;rsm;onfqdkum ausmukef;jzifh ydk;í o,fr
odrf;qnf;xm;zG,f rvdkay? tu,fí xdkodkU ausmydk;xrf;½Guf&ef êud;pm;cJhaomf rvkyfoifhonfudk
ûyvkyfjcif;om jzpfayrnf/
xkdUtwl iga[mMum;aom w&m;awmfonfvnf; oHo&mwnf;[laom a&tjyifudk
jzwfíedAÁmefwnf;[laom wpfzufurf;odkU ta&muful;cwf &efom jzpf\? pGJ,lodrf;ydkufxm;&ef r[kwfay?
þodkUaom t"dyÜm,fudk odjrifolwdkUonf "r®w&m;wnf;[laom azmifudkaomfvnf; pGefUy,fcJh&rnf?
w&m;ESifh qefUusifaom oHo&m epfrGef;aMumif; jzpfonfh t"r®rIwdkUudkum; qdkzG,f&myif r½SdawmhNyD?
wpdk;wpdrusef tukef y,fvSefypf&rnf[k a[mawmfrlavonf/

tpodkU
20/ txufazmfjyyg okwåef 2-ckwGif Ak'¨\w&m;awmfudk udk;uG,fp&m tjzpfom pGJ,lxm;Muí

"r® t"r®[laom tpGJtm;vHk; ukefqHk;uGmusatmif rêud;pm;Muolrsm;? vlpnf&mrSm igodvkyfí
<um;vHk;xkwfum tjiif;oefMuolrsm;? udk,fhtrSm;udkrjrifbJ olwyg;trSm;½SdvQif w&m;odvkyfum
ESdrfhcswwfolrsm;twGuf txl;owday;xm;aom okwåefjzpfaMumif; apm'uq&mawmfrsm;tm; today;
avQmufMum;yg&apyg bk&m;/
21/ þapm'emü ûcHí avQmufxm;&ygvQif apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf odk'¨d 7-yg; rjzpfoa½GU
edAÁmefESifh reD;pyfEdkifyHkudk zdí qdkxm;ygonf? y#mpm&DuJhodkUaom t½l;r? udoma*gwrDvdk tE´? trÁygvDvdk
jynfhwefqmr? t*FkvdrmvuJhodkUaom vlqdk;BuD;rsm;onf todESifhtusifh xyfrdonfh wpfcPtwGif;ü
trSefw&m;udk xdk;xGif;oabmaygufEdkifcJhaom taxmuftxm;rsm;onf xdk0dok'¨d (7)yg; atmufwGif
ao;odrf arS;rSdefí ikyfvQdK;ae&ygawmhonf bk&m;/

22/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emcsuf trSwf(8)wGif ]]pwkuúedygwf? t*Fkwå&ygVd?
y#dy'g0*f? ,k*Eökwf (ESm-457)ü qdkxm;csufudk azmfjyxm;í orx0dyóemyGm;&rnfh
Mo0g'enf;vrf;[k pGJcsufwifxm;ygonf bk&m;/
xdktqdkrSmvnf; udk,fvdk&m udk,fqGJí apm'emjcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;? xdk,k*e'ökwfwGif
t½SiftmeE´mu taygif;toif; &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; a[mMum;aom okwfrQom jzpfygonf?
xdkokwfudkvnf; apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u wpf0ufwpfysuf udk,fvdkcsifonfh tcsuftvuf avmufudkom
aumuf,lxkwfEkwf jyoxm;jcif;rQom jzpfygonf bk&m;? okwfwpfckvHk;\ qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜm,fudk
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; avhvmoHk;oyfrdygvQif þuJhodkU wynfhawmfrsm;tay: pGJcsufwifjzpfrS wifrdrnf
xifygonf bk&m;? þokwfonf bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif a[maomokwf r[kwfyg bk&m;? t½SiftmeE´mu
taygif;toif; &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; a[mMum;aomokwf jzpfygonf bk&m;? þokwf\
qdkvdk&if;tusOf;csKyfrSm orxESifh0dyóem yGm;rsm;&rnf[k qdkvdk&if; r[kwfyg? orxa½SUoGm;½Sdaom
0dyóemjzifh jzpfapç 0dyóem a½SUoGm;½Sdaom orxjzifhjzpfap? orx0dyóem2yg;pHk a½SUoGm;í jzpfap
yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfygu oHa,mZOfaysmufí tEko, uif;pifonf[k qdkvdk&if; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
23/ ¤if;jyif ]]uwar a'G "r®m bma0wAÁm? oraxm p 0dyóem p £ar a'G "r®m
bma0wAÁm}}[k ygxdu0*¾ygVd? pmrsufESm-222 udk ñTef;xm;ojzifh wynfhawmfrsm; ½SmazGMunfh&m
xdkapm'uq&mawmfrsm; ñTef;xm;aom txufyg ygVdudk rawGU½Sdojzifh wynfhawmfrsm; pOf;pm;rdonfrSm
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u owåro*Fg,emtwGuf êudwifûypkxm;aom ygVdrsm;yif jzpfavoavm[k
pOf;pm;rdygonf bk&m;/
«þae&m ta&mufwGif ½Hk;awmfu ar;cGef;ar;onf/ »

tpodkU
(2)*Pef;ESifh (8)*Pef; puf½dkufrSm;onfudk ar;jcif;

OD;ukrm&(0denf;"dk&f) -pk'dwu'umrsm;u ygxu0*¾(ESm? 222)ü orx0dyóemygVd rawGUbl;
qdkygvm;? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u pk'dwu 'umrsm; oHo,½Sif;atmif
ajz½Sif;ay;vdkufyg/
OD;0dok'¨(apm'u) -'Dudpö[m vufESdyfpuf½dkufpOfu ygoGm;wJh trSm;yg bk&m;? (222)rSm r[kwfbJ
(228)rSm Munfhvdkufr,fqdk&if bk&m;a[mygVdawmf trSeftwdkif; twdtus
awGU&rSm jzpfygw,f bk&m;?
obmywd -uJ 'umwdkU pmtkyfvSefjycdkif;&OD;rSmvm;/
pk'dwursm; -rvdkawmhyg bk&m;? ,HkygNyD bk&m; wynfhawmfrsm; pmrsufESm od&vQif awmfygNyD
bk&m;/
(9-7-81 toHzrf;êud;acGrS)
24/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emcsuf (8)wGifvnf; ]]"r®pMuma'oemvm
rZÑdry#dy'gvrf;pOfonfvnf; 0dyóemvrf;pOf w&m;wdkU jzpfMuygonf? tewåvu©Pokwfü
a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom w&m;wdkUonfvnf; 0dyóemw&m;wdkUom jzpfMuygonf bk&m;}}[k
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;tm; wifjycsufudk awGU½Sd&&m wynfhawmfrsm;onf tbdeE´KEÅd tvGeftrif;
ESpfvdk0rf;ajrmufrI ½SdvSygojzifh om"k om"k om"k [k tEkarm'em ûyrdygonf bk&m;?
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf txufwGif azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfonfh wynfhawmfrsm; usifhoHk;vsuf½Sdaom ppfrSefonfh
0dyóemESifh wpfxyfwnf; usa&mufaeonfhtwGuf om"k ac:&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? jAm[®P0g'Drsm;
usifhoHk;onfh orx0dyóemESifh vHk;0 uGJjym;jcm;em;aeygojzifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm; rñTefjyrD
a½S;,cifuwnf;u Ak'¨\ 0dyóemjzpfonfh "r®pMumESifh tewåvu©Pa'oemtwdkif;
wynfhawmfrsm;onf ,cifuvnf; usifhoHk;cJhNyD; ,ckvnf; usifhoHk;qJ jzpfaeonfhtjyif aemifudkvnf;
qufvuf usifhoHk; aernfom jzpfygonf bk&m;/

25/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emcsuf trSwf8-\ atmufqHk; pmaMumif; 4-aMumif;wGif
awmifwGif;BuD; ewfrSDawm&q&mawmf t½SifOuú|udk av;pm;MunfñdkaeMuonfh&[ef;½SifvljynfolwdkUtm;
,HkrSm;oHo, 0ifvmatmif a&;om;azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU½Sd&ygonf bk&m;? þta&;tom;rsdK;onf
0denf;awmf\atmufwGif aexdkifvsuf½Sdaom t½SifwdkUtwGuf 0efav;vSygonf bk&m;?
q&mawmf½SifOuú|udk Munfñdkav;pm;aeolwdkUtm; tMunfñdkrJhatmif vkyfaqmifcsufrsdK; jzpfaeygí
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\ tqdktrdefUESifh vGJacsmfaeygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU

26/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ 0daooapm'em(8)wGif ]]þuJhodkU Ak'ÿd#u ax&0g'ü
orx0dyóemwdkUonf bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwf\ y"me &nf½G,fcsufvrf;pOf oHo&mrS
u,fwifa&;vrf;pOfrsm; jzpfMuygonf? tvGefta&;BuD;aom y"mejzpfaom vrf;pOf orx0dyóem
usifhpOfwdkUudk Ak'¨0g'ü ryg0if[k ajymifajymifwif;wif; jiif;y,faeMujcif;aMumifh xdkolwdkU\ 0g'onf
Ak'ÿd#u ax&0g'ESifh rnDñGwfaom t"r®0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;}}[k
azmfjyyg½Sd&m apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf ax&0g'ü orx0dyóemw&m;rsm; yg0ifvsuf½Sdonf qdkonfudk
wynfhawmfrsm; tjiif;ryGm;vdkyg? odkUaomf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;udk,fwdkifyif Ak'¨0g'\ ppfrSefaom
0dyóemonf "r®pMumESifh tewåvu©Pokwf jzpfaMumif; a½SUwGif tcdkiftrm qdkxm;ojzifh
wynfhawmfrsm;yif om"k tEkarm'em ûycJhonfudk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfBuD;rsm; todyif jzpfygonf bk&m;/
xkdUaMumifh wynfhawmfrsm; vufcHusifhoHk;aeaom orx0dyóemonf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\
Mo0g'awmftppf jzpfawmfrlaom "r®puúy0wåeokwfç tewåvu©Pokwfawmfrsm;ESifhtnD
nDñGwfaeygaomaMumifh "r®0g' 0dyóemom jzpfaMumif; aom"emûytyfygonf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (9)
trSwf(9)apm'emvTmudk aom"emûyygonf t½Sifbk&m;/
]]þwGif 0denf;usifh0wfudk tvsOf;*½krpdkufaom OD;Ouú|}}[k oHk;EIef;xm;onfudk awGU½Sd&ygonf?
rdrdudk,fwdkif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuú|udk rzl;awGU rqufqHzl;ygbJESifh tom;vGwf pGyfpGJajymqdkMujcif;
jzpfygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;udk,fwdkif tBudrfBudrf zl;awGU qufqH&aom q&mawmfBuD; ½SifOuú|rSm
0de,*½ku yk*¾dKvfBuD; jzpfygonf? wynfh&if; 'um&if;rsm;udkaomfrS pwifNyD; EIwfqufavh r½Sdyg?
wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rawGUêuHzl;ol tcsdKUonf q&mawmfBuD;tm; txifrSm;wwfMuygonf? rnfolUxHrS
rnfonfhypönf;udkrQ tvªcHonfudk rawGU&zl;yg? tvªcHw&m;vnf; wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ ra[mzl;yg?
wpfqifhMum;r[kwf udk,fwdkiftodtjrifudk wifjyjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/
(u) ,aeU bdu©KoHCmqdkwJh *dkPf;aygif;pHk bkef;awmfBuD;awG vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuwJh 0denf;udk
riJhrn§mbJ avhvmoHk;oyfMunfhvdkuf&if Oyg'gef wpfvHk;wpfcJBuD; jzpf½Sdaewmudk
awGU&jyefygw,f}}[laom pum;\ tmabm*udk oabmraygufMuaomaMumifh
]]&uf&ufpufpuf tremy a&;om;xm;wmudk awGU&ygw,f bk&m;}}
[k apm'emMujcif; jzpfygonf/
1/ pmayta&;tom;wpfckudk a0zefpGyfpGJrnfqdkvQif pma&;ol\ &nf½G,f½dk;&if; ESvHk;oGif;
tmabm*udk oabmaygufzdkU vdktyfygonf? tmabmfudk oabmayguf em;vnf&eftwGuf
pmwpftkyfvHk;udk zwf½I&ygrnf? tjypf½Smvdkaom apwemjzifh udk,fvdk&mqGJNyD; ajymjcif; pGyfpGJjcif;onf
olawmfaumif;wdkU\tvkyf r[kwfyg raemrrSefolwdkU\ vkyf&yfrsdK;om jzpfaMumif; apm'ut½Sifjrwfrsm;
owdvpfoGm;[ef wlygonf bk&m;/
2/ þpmydk'fwGif q&mawmfBuD;\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm 0denf;wpfckwnf;udk tav;xm;vGef;NyD;
Oyg'gefruyfrdMuzdkU jzpfygonf? 0denf;uHwpfckwnf;udkom tav;xm;vGef;vQif oHo,pdwfyGm;í Oyg'gef
jzpfvQif usifhoHk;&rnfh tjcm;&[ef;w&m;wGif avsmhyg;oGm;Edkifygonf? tusOf;tm;jzifh (227)yg;aom
odu©myk'fwdkUonf tus,fyGm;ygu uka#ckESpfaxmifausmf ½Sdonf[laom tqdktrdefUrsm;onf oHo,ESifh
Oyg'gefudk jzpfapwwfygonf bk&m;/
3/ 0denf;odu©myk'fwdkUwGif ygavh½Sdaom ]]oaÍöwedum,}}[laom rdefUqdkcsufonf
tvGefavsmfuefvSygonf bk&m;? usL;vGefvdkonfh apmwemr½SdvQif rnfonfhjypfcsufrS roufa&mufEdkifyg?
pu©Kygvax&0w¬KwGif rsufpdrjrifaom &[Eåmt½SifjrwfBuD; jzpfawmfrlonfh pu©Kygv rax&fBuD;onf
pMuøOD;ü ydk;½GufwdkUudk rjrifaomaMumifh eif;rdav&m rsm;pGm aoaMuysufpD;oGm;ygonf? Zeyk'f&[ef;wdkUu
txifrSm;NyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmufxm;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]&[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf pu©Kygvrax&f
ydk;½GufwdkUudk eif;rdonfudk jrifMuoavm}}[k ar;awmfrlygonf? rjrifMuyg bk&m;[k &[ef;rsm;u

tpodkU
avQmufxm;Muaomtcg pu©Kygvrax&f ydk;½GufwdkUudk eif;onfudk oifwdkU rjrifMubdouJhodkU

pu©Kygvrax&fonfvnf; pMuøü ydk;yk½GufwdkY ½Sdaeonfudk rjrif [laom Ak'¨jrwfpGm\
rdefUMum;awmfrlcsufonf apm'emy"mejzpfaMumif; azmfjyaeygonf bk&m;/
4/ odu©myk'fawG rsm;jcif;aMumifh vlxGufrnf[k MuHpnfaom &[ef;i,f\ jzpf&yfonfvnf;
0denf;ü Oyg'gefxm;vGef;aomaMumifh jzpfygonf bk&m;? £È´d,oH0&oDv vHkûcHvQif
ygwdarmu©oH0&oDvvnf; vHkûcH&ygawmhonf? qGrf;cHoGm;&if; avema&m*gxvmí a&muf½Sd&m t&yfwGif
xdkifNyD; oydwftwGif;rS qGrf;udk bkOf;ay;rdonfh &[EÅmjrwfBuD;tm; tjypfqdkonfh &[ef;udk
Ak'¨jrwfpGmqHk;rawmfrlonfh tw¬KyÜwådonf xif½Sm;aom om"u jzpfygonf bk&m;? tEkyg'ge
jzpfawmfrlaom &[Eåmt½SifjrwfBuD;onf 0denf;uHudk av;pm;vdkufemaomfvnf; Oyg'gef rxm;aMumif;
odjrifEdkifygonf bk&m;/
5/ ]]ao;i,faom tmywfonfvnf; psmefr*fzdkvftEÅ&m,fudk ûyEdkifonf}}[laom
rdefUqdkcsufonf Oyg'gefaMumifhom jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;vSyg onf? odkUrSom ]]OyÜEémeH tukovmeH "r®meH
y[mem, 0g,marm}}[laom or®yÜ"mefw&m;awmfESifh udkufnDygrnf bk&m;/
6/ 0denf;awmfwGif ta&twGuf taMumif;t&m trsm;qHk; yg0ifaeonfh ck'´gEk?
ck'úodu©myk'frsm;ESifh ywfoufí q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a&;om; a[majymjcif;jzpfaMumif;
wynfhawmfwdkUudk,fwdkif ar;avQmufzl;í od½Sd&ygonf bk&m;/
xkdUaMumifh q&mawmf &SifOuú|onf apm'ut½Sifjrwfrsm; pGyfpGJouJhodkU t0ded,0g'D r[kwfbJ
0de,0d'DBuD; ppfppfom jzpfaMumif; aom"emjyygonf bk&m;/
7/ xkdUjyif tydk'f(7)ü q&mawmf ½SifOuú|tm; 0wfaMumifvHkcsnfudk 0wfxm;MuwJh vlawG
r[kwfyg bk&m;? xrD(xrdef)wdkU qm&DwdkU *g0efwdkUudk 0wfxm;MuwJholawG r[kwfyg bk&m;?
bk&m;ta&awmfouFef;udk 0wfxm; MuwJholawGyg bk&m;? olwdkUudk rodem;rvnfwJholawGu q&mawmf
t½SifvdkY vufcHaeMuwJh vlawGyg bk&m;[lí qJa&;ykwfcwf xm;ygonf? ]]olawGyg bk&m;}}[k roHk;EIef;bJ
]]vlawGyg bk&m;}}[k pGyfpGJxm;ygonf? þpum;wdkUjzifh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;tm; &[ef;r[kwf?
vljzpfaeNyD[k pGyfpGJxm;ygonf? wynfhawmfwdkUonf 0denf;odu©myk'fawmfrsm;udk tao;pdwf
em;rvnfaomfvnf; &[ef;awmfwpfyg;onf tjcm;&[ef;awmfwpfyg;tm; yg&mZdu(4)yg;udk
usL;vGefjcif;r½SdygbJvsuf ]]vl}} [lí rpGyfpGJaumif;[k em;vnfxm;ygonf? rdrdudk,fwdkif rodrjrif
qHk;jzwfcsuf r½SdygbJ pGyfpGJajymqdkvQif xdk&[ef;wGif tmywfoifhonf[k od&ygonf bk&m;? [kwfç r[kwf
rSefç rrSef xdk apm'u &[ef;awmfwdkU\ ajymqdkcsufESifh ywfoufí 0denf;odu©myk'fawmfudk(0g) tjypf½Sdç
r½Sdudk 0denf;"dk&fcHk½Hk; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;udk,fwdkif tqHk;tjzwfay;yg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf
bk&m;/

tpodkU
8/ tydk'f(8)üvnf; ]]'Dpum;rsdK;awGudk ajymjcif;tm;jzifh odu©musNyD; &[ef;r[kwfawmhyg

bk&m;}}[lí ajymifajymifwif;wif; twdtvif;yif pGyfpGJxm;ygonf? 0denf;w&m;awmfudk uJh&JUaomaMumifh
odu©musNyD; vljzpfoGm;NyD[k qdkxm;ygonf bk&m;/
9/ odkU&mwGif xdkt½SifjrwfwdkU aemufxyfwifoGif;aom 0daooapm'emvTmwGif-
]]0denf;odu©myk'frsm;udkruJh&JU&? uJh&JUygaomf ygpdwftmywfoifhap[k ynwfawmfrlxm;aMumif;udk
]]odu©my'0d0PÖau ygpdwåd,H}} [k ygpdwfygVdawmfü vm½Sdygonf? 0denf;ta&;BuD;aomaMumifh
0denf;uHudkuJh&J hvQif ygpdwftmywfynwfxm;ygonf}} [kwifjyxm;onfudkawGU½Sd&ygonf? a½S;pum;ESifh
aemufpum; rnDaMumif; tvGefxif½Sm;ygaeygonf/
10/ xdkUjyif ]]Ak'¨H ypöu©mrd? oduH© ypöu©mrd}} bk&m;udky,fyg\? odu©mudky,fyg\
qdkvQif&[ef;odu©musNyD; vljzpfygw,f bk&m;[lí 0denf;"dkcHk½Hk; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;udkyif
t"dyÜm,fzGifhjyvdkufygao;onf? þpum;&yfwGif ]]ypöu©mrd}} [laom Bud,monf trSa,m* ypöKyÜef0wårmef
{u0kpf0dbwf oufxm;aom yk'fjzpfygonf? tjynfhtpHkqdk&vQif ]]t[H}} (tuREkfyfonf) [laom
uwåm;yk'fudkxnfh&ygrnf? uREkfyfonf bk&m;udkpGefUy,fyg\? uREkfyfonfodu©myk'fudkpGefUy,fyg\[k
t"dyÜm,f&ygonf bk&m;? xdkpum;rsdK;udkvnf; um,uH½Sifudk,fwdkifuqdkygrS odu©musygonf?
vljzpfygonf? þodkU wynfhawmfrsm; em;vnfxm;ygonf bk&m;/
«þae&mü½Hk;awmfuar;cGef;ar;onf?»

trSwf(9) aom"emESifhywfoufí ñTefMum;csuf
OD;Z0e(0denf;"dk&f) -bkef;BuD;eJeJajymcsifw,f? 'Daom"emtrSwf 9-rSm 11-eHygwf pmydk'frSpí 18-
eHygwf pmydk'ftqHk;xd 'umrsm;aom"emûyxm;aom pum;rsm;onf
q&mawmfOD;Ouú|udk 0de,*½kujzpfyHkudk jyaompum;rsm;r[kwfyg? 'gaMumifh
'D½Hk;awmfu'gudkvufrcHEdkifbl;? cktm;vHk;bkef;BuD;rsm;udkpGyfpGJr,f? tjypfajymr,f?
'DtjypfrS y½ly0g'vGwfapjcif;tusdK;iSm 'umawGuqHk;atmifzwfwmudk
bkef;BuD;rsm;rSwfxm;r,f? em;axmifr,f? 'gayrJh 11-trSwf pmydk'frSpí 18-
trSwf pmyk'fxdatmifaompum;wdkUonf aemiftcgw&m;0iftjzpf xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;vdrfhrnfr[kwf/
OD;ausmfwifh -q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;&JU qEáwmftwdkif;yg bk&m;/
OD;Z0e(0denf;"dk&f) -zwfvdkuzwfEdkifonf? rzwfvdkuausmfEdkifonf/
OD;Óedu(0denf;"dk&f) -'DtrSwf9-aom"emrSm pmydk'ftrSwf 11-rSpNyD; 19qHk;onftxd yg0ifaom
pum;&yfrsm;onf aom"emt&mroufa&mufygbl;? aom"emabmifu
ausmfvGefaeygNyD? tcsdefawGvnf; tvGefukefaeygNyD? 0denf;"dk&f

tpodkU
q&mawmfawGvnf; 'DtaMumif;udkodNyD;jzpfMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'gawGudk

ausmfNyD; pmydk'ftrSwf20-udkomqufzwfygawmh/
20/ pmydk'f(10)apm'emcsufü apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; aumufEkwfazmfjyxm;aom
q&mOD;udkudkav;\ oifwef;ydkUcscsufwGif yg½Sdonfh ]]0denf;udkt"duxm;jcif;tm;jzifh bdu©KeDomoemudk
qdwfokOf;apcJhonfrSm yxroH*g,emyJGrSpwifcJhavonf}} [laompmom;rSm yxroH*g,emyGJtNyD;wGif
rax&fwdkUu t½SiftmeE´mtm; tjypfwifawmfrlMu&mütrsdK;orD;wdkUtm;tcGifhta&;ay;onfhtwGuf
tjypfwifawmfrlMujcif;udk &nf½G,fí q&mOD;udkudkav;a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tavmif;awmfudk vma&mufzl;ajrmfMuonfh trsdK;orD;rsm;tdrftjyef
rdk;rcsKyfap&eftwGuf t½SiftmeE´mu yxrOD;pGm zl;ajrmfaponf? trsdK;orD;rsm;\ idka<u;rIaMumifh
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tavmif;awmfay:odkU rsuf&nfrsm;usí pdkpGwfoGm;onf? þjzpf&yftwGuf t½SiftmeE´mudk
tjypfwifjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkUjyifjrwfpGmbk&m;\ "r®0de,omoemawmfü trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; &[ef;ûycGifh&atmif(0g)
bdu©KeDomoemjzpfay:vmatmif rdaxG;awmfa*gwrDESifhywfoufí jrwfpGmbk&m;udkavQmufxm;ay;onfh
twGuf rax&fBuD;wdkUu t½SiftmeE´mudktjypfwifawmfrlMuonf/
þtcsufESpfcsufudktaMumif;ûyí q&mOD;udkudkav;u txufwGifazmfjycJhaom pmydk'fudk
a&;om;jcif;jzpfwef&mygonfbk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf(10)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJ hrS acsycsuf»
trSwf(10)apm'emudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
0denf;odu©myk'fawmfudk toufwrQ usifhoHk;vdkufem aexdkifMuaom &[ef;aumif; ½Sifaumif;
oHCmawmfwdkUtm; yufyufpufpuf pGyfpGJ ykwfcwfa&;om;NyD; oHCmawmfudkapmfum;rIûyjcif;ESifh
ywfoufaom apm'emcsufudk aom"emûytyfygonf bk&m;/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGyfpGJcsuf(10-q)ESifhywfoufí aom"emûytyfygonf bk&m;/
]]tpGJûywfwJukyfa½Teef;awmf pmtkyf\ pmrsufESm(14)udkñTef;vsuf bmom0efaqmif[laom
pum;onf Ak'¨bmomqdkif&m or®KwdoHCmwdkUudk &nfñTef;onfr[kwfbJ bmom0efaqmifxm;aom
xm0&ESifh "r®q&m(0g)w&m;vrf;ñTefyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk qdkvdk&if;jzpfygonf bk&m;? T½Sifom&dykwå&mESifh
t½SifOygvdwdkUonf bmom0efaqmifrsm; r[kwfyg? omoemh0efxrf;rsm;omjzpfMuygonf/

apm'uq&mawmfrsm;tm; tMuHay;vdkonfrSm awmifwGif;BuD;ewfrSDawm&q&mawmf t½SifOuú|
a&;om;onfhpmtkyfrsm;½Sd pum;toHk;tEIef;a0g[m&rsm;udk avhvmvdkufpm;rSwfom;NyD;rSomvQif
pGyfpGJoifhygonf bk&m;? tb,hfaMumifhqdkaomf q&mawmf t½SifOuú|onf Ak'ËSifhbk&m;udkvnf;aumif;?
"r®ESifhw&m;udkvnf;aumif;? oHCmESifhbkef;BuD;udkvnf;aumif;? bmom[laompum;ESifh omoem[laom
pum;udkvnf;aumif; wdusjywfom;pGmcGJjcm;NyD; ae&mwusoHk;pGJwwfí pum;y&d,m,f<u,f0aom
q&mawmf wpfyg;jzpfygonf bk&m;/
q&mawmf½SifOuú| a&;om;aomusrf;*efrsm;onf "r®taMumif;oufoufomjzpfí wyg;olrsm;
xdcdkufjcif;epfemapjcif;r½SdcJhyg? bkef;BuD;[laom a0g[m&onf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY\ wpfOD;wnf;om
ydkifqdkifaomyk*¾vdu toHk;ypönf;r[kwfyg? Ak'¨bmomtwGuf yk*¾vdutoHk;ypönf;rSm &[ef;[lí
vnf;aumif;? oHCm[lívnf;aumif;? yÍöif;[lívnf;aumif; jzpfygonf? q&mawmfonf
vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;\ tpGJOyg'gefuif;a&;udkomvQif &nf½G,fvsuf tpGJûywfwJukyfa½Teef;awmf[laom
usrf;udkûypkojzifh &[ef;oHCmtrsm;pkuyif om"ktEkarm'emac:qdk&efxdkufygonf bk&m;? þodkUaom
vZÆDayovodu©mumrESifh jynfhpHkaomq&mawmfudk þpGJcsuf (10-q)rSmyif ]]or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJUom;rsm;\ Mo0g'p&d,jzpfaom OD;Ouú|ESifhqE´wljzpfMuukefaom tvZÆDyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf omoemh
abmifrSmaevsuf ouFef;ta&ûcHxm;onfhtjyif bk&m;ocifynwfawmftwdkif; vdkufemusifhMuH
aexdkifMuukefaom omoemh0efxrf;½Sif&[ef;wdkUtm; £ómtbdZÑmBuD;rm;pGmjzifh ajymqdk
a&;om;cJhMuygonfbk&m;}} [k azmfjyyg½Sdae&m 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u tcsdefrDqHk;ray;yg&ef½dkaopGm

tpodkU
avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;? tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf q&mawmft½SifOuú|onf urÇmuyif

av;pm;rIcH,lxm;aom q&mawmfwpfyg;jzpfí jrefrmjynfomru urÇmuyif xdkapm'uwdkUtm;
uJh&JUjypfwif ½Iwfcsrnfudk pdk;&drfrdonfomru t½SifwdkUtwGuf aemiftem*wfwGif t*Fkwå&ygVdawmf?
'kwd,tkyf(tH? 2? 220)ü ]]a,m aom bdu©a0 bdu©K tauúmou/ y / yÍö tm'De0g yg#ducFg}} [laom
ygVdawmft& tjypfig;rsdK;wdkUudk rcRwf&½Sdvdrfhrnf[k wynfhawmfrsm;u wpfxpfcs pdk;&drfaerdygonf?
xdktjypfig;rsdK;um;-
(1) avmukwå&mw&m;jzpfí avmukwå&mw&m;rS qHk;½HI;\?
(2) npfEGrf;aom tmywfwpfrsdK;rsdK;odkUrlvnf; a&muf\?
(3) jyif;xefaom a&m*godkUrlvnf; a&muf\?
(4) awGa0vsuf ao&\?
(5) cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;í aoNyD;onfhrS aemufücsrf;omuif;aom vm;\&m? ysufpD;í
usa&muf&mjzpfaom i&JodkUa&muf\?

apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pGyfpGJcsuf(10)csufonf xdkt½Sifrsm;twGuf &ifav;zG,f&m
jzpfaeygívnf;aumif;? 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;taejzifhvnf; omoem t"GefU½SnfMumwnfwHha&;udk
a½S;½Iojzifh vnf;aumif; tcsdefrD wm;jrpfay;yg&ef arwåma½SUxm;av;pm;pGmjzifh avQmufxm;tyfygonf
bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ / apm'emtrSwf(11)ESifh(12)wdkUudk aom"emjcif; rûyay/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (13)
«or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS acsycsuf»
trSwf(13) 0daooapm'emvTm tydk'f(7)udk aom"emûyvTmygbk&m;/
þapm'emvTmudk tn0g'Dyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf OD;Ouú|\"mwfyHkudk&ifüxdk;í tjrwfwEdk;
ûyaeMuygvsuf Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwdkU\udk;uG,f&m apwDykxdk;usumrS tkwfcJausmufcJrsm;udk
twkvkyfxm;onf[k apmfapmfum;um;ajym&ufjcif;rSm vl,Ofaus;wdkU\ tajccHw&m;uav;rQyifr½Sd&m
a&mufaeMuygonf[k apm'empGJcsufwifxm;ygonf/
1/ wynfhawmfrsm;onf apwDykxdk;rsm;udk tkwfcJausmufcJrsm;udk twkvkyfxm;onf
ra[mcJhMuyg? ra&;om;cJhMuyg? OD;a½Tjynfh\ vlUtbd"r®m ar;cGef;vTmpmapmifi,fwGif yg½Sdaomar;cGef;udk
Munfhíwynfhawmfrsm;tm; tvGwfrJhpGm &rf;um;pGyfpJGjcif;rQomjzpfygonf bk&m;? ar;cGef;onf
ar;cGef;rQomjzpfí tajzr[kwfaMumif;udk apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; uGJjym;pGm odoifhygonf?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfu a[majymaMumif; a&;om;aMumif; rnfonfhtaxmuftxm;rSrjyEdkifbJvsuf
t&rf;rJhpGyfpGJjcif;rsdK;onfroifhawmfyg? Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;ESifhywfoufí a½S;a[mif;urÇmYordkif;pmrsufESm-
153ü yg½Sdonfhatmufygpmydk'fudk zwf½Iapvdkygonf bk&m;/
]]Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk pwifxkvkyf&ma'orSm ul½Sefrif;qufxGef;um;cJhaom *E¨m&ESifh
rxk&ma'orsm;yif jzpfygonf? tdEd´,jynfom; ordkif;ynm½Siftrsm;uyif Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;onf
rxk&ma'oü pwifxGef;um;cJhonf[k ,lqMuygonf? taemufwdkif;om; ordkif;ynm½Sifrsm;url
xdk½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;onf *E¨m&a'oüpwifxGef;um;cJhonf[k ,HkMunfMuygonf? rxk&mvuf&myHkrsm;onf
bDpD-wpf&mpktukefuyif pwifxGef;um;vmcJhonf? rxk&ma'ou yef;ykq&mwdkUonfa'oEÅ&e,fajrxGuf
oJausmufrsm;jzifh &maygif;rsm;pGmMumrQ xkvkyfcJhMuygonf? xdkUaMumifh rxk&mvuf&myHkrsm;onf
c&D;eD;a0;jyefUESHUcJhí aESmif;acwf yef;ykynm½Sifrsm;wGifvnf; rsm;pGmvTrf;rdk;cJhavonf? rlvuyif
*sdef;t,l0g'qdkif&m &[ef;awmfrsm; ur®|mef;pD;jzef;ae[efrsm;udk trsm;tjym;xkvkyfcJhMuojzifh
Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;u xdkyHkrsm;udktwk,lum Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk xkvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
2/ þordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& ½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;onf bDpD-wpf&mpk Ak'ÿ&dedAÁmefûyNyD;
ESpfaygif;(500)ausmfrS ay:aygufvmaMumif; xif½Sm;aeygonf? ordkif;ynm½Sifrsm;onf bufpHka'gifhpHkudk
avhvmí wl;azmf&½Sdaom oufaocH taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh wifjyxm;jcif;jzpfí cdkifvHkygonf bk&m;/
apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm; tudk;tum;ûy aomax&ty'gefusrf;onf ck'úedum,fwGif tvGefaemufusrS
ay:aygufvmaom usrf;wpfusrf;omjzpfí cdkifvHkrIr½Sdygacs? ,ckwifjycsufrSefuefaMumif;udk
Ak'¨wuúodkvfBuD; ay:aygufvmonfhtcgwGif t½Sifbk&m;rsm;od&ygvdrfhrnf bk&m;/

tpodkU
3/ wynfhawmfrsm;onf Ak'¨bmom0ifAk'¨0g'Drsm; jzpfMuaomaMumifh Ak'üdkypfy,fjcif;

rûyMuyg? apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;udk,fwdkif <ua&mufEdkifygvQif or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;\tdrfwGif
Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfrsm;udk trSefwu,fawGU&ygvdrfhrnf? wynfhawmfrsm;'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;twGuf w&m;"r®®rsm;
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk Munfñdkav;pm;onfhenf;wl Ak'üdk,fpm; wynfhawmfrsm;tm;
'ku©Nidrf;at;a&;vrf;udk a[mazmfñTefMum; qHk;rawmfrlaom q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuú|udkvnf;
wynfhawmfrsm; Munfñdkav;pm;Muygonf? ½SifOuú|ESifhor®m'd|dudk t½Sifbk&m;wdkUu tûywfESHypfrnf
[laom &nf½G,fcsufudkod½Sd&aomaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkUonf ½SifOuú|\wynfhtppf or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfaMumif; odom&ef q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\yHkawmfygonfh wHqdyfi,fudk
wyfqifvmjcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;? Oyg'gefr½SdMuaMumif;yg bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf(14)
trSwf(14)apm'emudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ oDvcH,ljcif; qkay;qk,ljcif; oydwfoGwfjcif; paom
bmomrIukodkvfa&;qdkif&m udpörsm;udk tydkoufouftjzpfjzifh a[majyma&;om;zsufqD;jcif;qdkif&m
apm'emcsufudkaom"emûytyfygonfbk&m;/
qkay;qk,ludpöwGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm; a[mjyxm;aom apm'emcsuf (14)wGifazmfjyxm;onfh
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ay;vsuf½Sdaeygonf bk&m;/
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awmif;qdkaom qkrsm;rSm wrvGeftusdK;arQmfrsm;jzpfonfxifí qkay;jcif;rSvGefajrmuf\[kqdk\?
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ZD0uawmif;aomqkrSm ouFef;vªcGifhûy&efjzpfNyD; 0domcgawmif;aomqkrSm -
(1) oHCmawmftm; toufxufqkH; rdk;a&cHouFef;udkvªvdkjcif;ç
(2) {nfhonftm*EÅKtm; qGrf;vªvdkjcif;ç
(3) c&D;oGm; &[ef;wdkUtm; qGrf;vªvdkjcif;ç
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(5) olemûy&[ef;wdkUtm; qGrf;vªvdkjcif;ç
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(7) tjrJ,m*kvªvdkjcif;ç
(8) bdu©KeDoHCmtm; a&oEkwfudk vªvdkjcif;ç

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[laom ½SpfrsdK;aomqkyifjzpfygonf/ wrvGeftusdK; arQmfí awmif;qdkaom qkrsdK;r[kwfyg?

Akk'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonfyif wrvGeftusdK;arQmfqkrsdK; ray;vQif wynhfom0ursm;twGufrSm
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wpfb0odkU aumif;usdK; qdk;jypftaeESifh vSnfhvnfaeonfh oabmt,ltqonf Ak'¨\ tewåa'oemESifh
vkH;0qefUusifaom twåoów0g'\ rSm;,Gif;aom t,ltqom jzpfygonf/

apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf rdrdwdkU oabmusaom oDvcH,ljcif; qkay;jcif; qk,ljcif;
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jAm[®P0g'udk tjrpfwG,fEdkifonfxuf wG,fEdkifatmif usm;uefay;aejcif;om jzpfygonf/
b*0*¾dwmusrf;wGif twåcdkifrmykHudk azmfjyxm;ygonf/
Zm,aw rd,aw 0g uk'gpdyd?
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taZm edapöm oóawm ,H yk&maPm?
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t,H? þtwåonf/ uk'gpdyd? wpf&HwqpfrQvnf;/ eZm,aw? y#doaE¨wnfaezGm;jrif;jcif;r½Sd/
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bla,m? wpfzef/ e bm0dwm? jzpfOD;rnhft&m r[kwfacs/ uo®m? tb,faMumifhenf;/ t,H? þtwåonf?
taZm? y#doaE¨wnfaejcif;qdkwJh tjzpfoabmr½Sd/ edapöm? jrJ\/ oóawm? wpfrsdK;wnf; wnfae\/
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aoíoGm;aomfvnf;/ t,H? þtwåonf/ e [naw? rao/
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0w¬ed ZdPÖmed ,xm 0d[m&?
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(1) bkHb0[laom t,ltq (2) yd@may;jcif;qdkonfh udkif;wufBuD; ESpfck xdk;xGufí
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acgif;rNyLEdkifbJ ikyfvQdK;aecJh&ayonf/

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bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;\ jyefvnf½dkufoGif;rIudk &dyfpm;vmrdaom wynfhawmfrsm;onf twå0g'
rxGef;um;a&;twGuf ppfrSefaom Ak'¨\om0u&[ef;rsm;ESifhtwl wGef;vSefae&jcif;om jzpfygonf?
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rcHr&yfEdkifatmif jzpf&rnfrSm "r®wmyifjzpfygonf bk&m;/

wynfhawmfrsm;qufvufí avQmufwifyg&ap bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;onf auorkwådokwåef?
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(5) MuHqawG;awmí ,ljcif;rQjzifhvnf; r,lvifhukefOD;?

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(6) rdrd,ljcif;rQvnf; r,lvifhukefOD;?

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(9) ,lxdkufaom oabmrQjzifhvnf; r,lukefvifhOD;?
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þodkU azmfjyxm;csuf\ tESpfom&onf rsufuef;,kH0g'udk y,f½Sm;í ppfrSefaom
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usifhokH;&rnfh w&m;yifjzpfonf[k wynfhawmfrsm; em;vnfoabm aygufcJhygonf/

apm'uq&mawmfrsm; rnfodkUyif usrf;udk;usrf;um; tcdkiftvkH tjynfhtpkHwifjyaomfvnf;
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jzpfygonf/

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qkay;qk,l[laom avay;rI av,lrIudk 0goemrygaom yk*¾Kdvfrsm;jzpfí þ0goemrsm;udk
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om[m,or*¾rsm;udkvnf; þodkUomvQif wifjyaqG;aEG;Muygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;\ 'gerIonf
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a&mufaeouJhodkU rsufarSmufûyvsuf½Sdygonf bk&m;/

wynfhawmfrsm;onf oDvrIudk ûy&müvnf; orPjA[®Prsm;Ncdrf;ajcmufxm;onfh
tyg,'k*¾wdESifh rpm;&0cref; ajr§mufxdk;yifhaumfûyvkyfxm;aom a'0*wd jA[®ok*wdwdkUudk
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y#dyZÆwd? usifhMuukef\/
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bk&m;qkudkawmif;í 'DyuF&mjrwfpGm;bk&m;u jzpfapownf;[k trdefUay;jcif;onf ½Snfa0;aom (91)

urÇmxufu udpöjzpfí vGefcJhNyD;aom twdwfumv\ jzpf&yfrsm;udk atmufarhwrf;waerIrsm;onf
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tjynfht0½SdNyD; w&m;ojzifhpD&ifqkH;jzwfaom okcrdefra[mo"trwfonf aoNyD;onf\tjcm;rJhü
tyg,'k*¾wdjzpfonfh wd&pämefrsdK;EG,f bl&d'wfe*g;jzpf&jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? þrSmbufb0u
ay;vªtyfaom tvªtusdK;onf xdkrSmbufb0 ayw*wda&muf½Sdaeoltm; tusdK;ay;onf[lí
vnf;aumif; þodkUaom '@m&DykHjyifrsm;onf twå\e,fy,fudk us,fonfxuf us,fatmif csJUNyD; Ak'¨\
tewåabmifonf usOf;onfxuf usOf;vmapojzifh xdkykHjyifrsm;\ oifcef;pmudk vufcHusifhokH;jcif;
rûyonfhtwGuf t"r®0g'D[k pGyfpGJvQifvnf; auseyf0rf;om 0rf;ajrmufpGm cH,lygonf bk&m;? tu,fí
t½Sifbk&m;rsm;onf txufyg '@m&DykHjyifrsm; ½Sdaeonfh twåe,fus,faeaom ax&0g'yd#uwfrsm;udk
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\ ppfrSefaomw&m;[k qkH;jzwfowfrSwfygu wynfhawmfrsm; vufcHusifhokH;Edkif&ef
ñTefMum;ay;ygrnfhtaMumif; avQmufxm; toem;cHtyfygonf bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ / apm'emtrSwf (15) udk aom"emjcif;rûyay/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (16)
«or®m'dXd okawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf (16) apm'emudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
trSwf (16) apm'emvTm tydk'f (3)? pmrsufESm (53) wGif ]]or®m'dXdwdkU\ bdk;awmfBuD;
OD;0go0uvnf;}}[lí vnf;aumif;? ,if;apm'em pmrsufESm (54)? aMumif;a& (7) wGif
]]or®m'dXdokawoeorm;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\ bdk;awmfBuD; OD;0go0}}[lívnf;aumif; okH;EIef;xm;onfudk
awGU½Sd&ygonf/
1/ wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'dXd okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;onf q&mawmf ½Sif0go0\ wynfhrsm;
r[kwfMuyg? Mo0g'cHrsm; r[kwfMuyg? rnfodkUrQ qufpyfrIr½SdMuyg? wpfOD;wavrSvGJí trsm;pkrSm
q&mawmfBuD; ½Sif0go0udk rjrifbl;Muyg/
2/ rnfodkUrQywfoufqufpyfrI r½Sdaom q&mawmf½Sif0go0udk wynfhawmfwdkU\
]]bdk;awmfBuD;}} trnfwyf pGyfpJGazmfjyonfrSm tvGefr½dk;om; rjzLpif rajzmifhrwfonfh
pGyfpJGcsufomjzpfygonf/ or®m'd|d okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;udk aqmfvdk ESufvdk odu©mcsvdkaom
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ apwemqdk; raemqdk;rSm xif½Sm;ay:vGifvGef;vSygonf? or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJUtaMumif;udk ¤if;wdkU aumif;pGmrodaMumif; xif½Sm;aeygonf? xdkUaMumifh þa0g[m&
tokH;tEIef;udk apm'u&[ef;wdkUu jyefvnf½kyfodrf;ay;yg&ef 0denf;"dk&fckH½kH; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rSwpfqifh
avQmufxm;ygonf/
xdkUjyif pmrsufESm (54)? aMumif;a& (10) ü-
]]Ak'¨tbd"r®m pmrsufESm 251-wGif a&;om;xm;aom ÓPfBuD;½Sif ½SifOuú|\ tqdktrdefUudkvnf;
wifjyyg&ap bk&m;/
]]0domcg ausmif;trBuD;onf vifa,mufsm;ESifh? temxydPfolaX;BuD;onfr,m;BuD;ESifh
aeMu\? odkUaomf ¤if;wdkUonf wPSmESifh Oyg'gef r½SdMuawmhbJ vifh0wfig;yg; r,m;0wfig;yg;
ûyMu½kHrSwyg; tEkyg'gefw&m;ESifh aexdkifMuojzifh aomwmyefjzpfí okcw&m;udk &aeMu\/}}
pOf;pm;awmfrlyg bk&m;? aomwmyefjzpfí wPSm Oyg'gef r½SdMubl;wJh bk&m;? tawmfav;eufwJh
Ouú| tbd"r®myg bk&m; [lí apm'emwifxm;ygonf/
þapm'emonf vlNydef;êuduf apm'emcsufom jzpfygonf/
1/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfonf udk,fvdk&m pmydk'fuav;wpfckudkom qGJxkwfí tuGufrdNyD[laom
apwemqdk;jzifh apm'emjcif;omjzpfygonf? A½SUaemuf qufpyfí tjynfhtpkHrazmfjybJ
tjypfqdkcsifonfhaZmjzifh uGufíxkwfjyvdkufonfrSm tvGefrSm;aeygonf/
xdkpmydk'frSm Ak'¨tbd"r®mpmtkyfwGif opömtcef; ork',opömÓPfokH;yg; azmfjy&mü
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuú| a&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfygonf? xdktcef;udk tjynfhtpkHazmfjyygrnf/

tpodkU
ygVdrl
wH acg yed'H 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH y[DeEÅdar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok / y/ tmavmaum
O'yg'd/
jrefrmjyefcsuf
cspfom;wdkU þ'ku©\ taMumif;rSefudk igy,fí NyD;cJhNyD? þodkUtm;jzifh a½S;u rMum;pzl;ukefaom
w&m;wdkUü rsufpdyGifhvm\? ÓPfvif;vm\? em;vnfrI&vm\? odrI&vm\? tvif;a&mifxGef;vm\?
a0zefcsuf
xdkork',opömwGif 3-yg; xm;onfum;-
yxr-ork',opöm 'ku©\ taMumif;rSefod&rnf? (opöÓPf)?
ork',opömudk y,f&rnf? (udpöÓPf)?
ork',opömudk igy,fNyD;NyD? (uwÓPf)
[k okH;rsdK; em;vnf&rnf/
'ku©opömESifh ork',opömrSm 'ku©opömudk urÇm½Sd bmomwdkif;uoabmwl\? vufcH\?
'ku©\taMumif;rSefjzpfaom (1) ork',opömudkrl oabmrwlMuacs/
'ku©w&m;onf bk&mocif\ tvdkawmfus zefqifxm;onf[k jiif;aeMu\? uHaMumifhjzpfonf[k
,lqaeMuukef\/
tDwvDjynfü tdwemrD;awmif aygufuGJ&m ¤if;udk wm;qD;&eftvdkUiSm bk&m;ocifudk ½Sdcdk;í
qkawmif;cJhMuukef\/
a*gwrAk'¨bk&m;url þodkUr[kwf? rD;awmifaygufuGJwm[m obm0taMumif;aMumifh jzpfonf/
xdkUtwl 'ku©jzpfaMumif;awGudk ½Smawmhvnf; taMumif;udk awGU½Sdw,f? £ó&edr®me-
zefqif;vdkUjzpfwmraumif;? toifwdkU xifjrif,lqwdkif; owå0gawGudk bk&m;ocif zefqif;vQif
'ku©udkokcjzpfatmif zefqif;yg[k ajym\/
trSefw&m;u 'ku©\ taMumif;rSefudk y,f&rnf? ¤if;taMumif;rSefudk y,frS 'ku©rS vGwfí
okc&rnf[k a[m\/
ork', Oyg'gefonf xif½Sm;½Sdaomw&m;r[kwf? r½Sdaom w&m;udk ½Sdonf[k Oyg'gef
pGJaeMujcif;aMumifh 'ku© jzpfaeMu\? ray:ao;aom ypönf;udk vdkcsifaeMu\/ odkavSmifí xm;wmrsm;
½Sdygovm;? r½Sdacs/
êuHzl; awGUzl;aom t&mudkom vdkcsifaeMu\/ rêuHzl; rawGUzl;wmudk vdkcsifMurSef;yif
odMuyg\avm¿/

tpodkU
êuHzl; awGUzl;aom w&m;wdkUudkom Oyg'gef jzpfaeMu\? y,fwwfw,fqdkwm r½SdwmrS

y,fvdkU&onf? t½Sdw&m;udk ty,frcdkif;acs/
taMumif;aMumihfay:aom r½Sdaom y#dpöorkyÜEéw&m;udk qdkvdkonf/
jzpforQ 'ku©awG[m taMumif;½Sd&rnf? 'ku©jzpfwm taMumif;ruif;acs? 'ku©jzpfwm
taMumif;ruif;acs? 'ku©udk 'ku©rSef; odMuvQif y,f&rnf/
bk&m;ocifonf tm½kHig;yg; awmxíaeaom ûrdU½GmtwGif;odkU qGrf;cH<uoGm;\/
odkU&mwGif taMumif;w&m;udk y,fNyD;jzpfí ¤if;wdkUonf 'ku©udk tay;pGrf;Edkifay?
0domcgausmif;tpfrBuD;onf vifa,mufsm;ESifh? temxydPfolaX;BuD;onf r,m;ESifh aeMu\/
odkUaomf ¤if;wdkUonf wPSmESifh Oyg'gef rygMuawmhbJ vifh0wfig;yg; r,m;0wfig;yg;
ûyMu½kHrSwyg; tEkyg'gefw&m;ESifh aexdkifMuojzifh aomwmyefjzpfí okcw&m;udk &aeMu\/
,ck rdrdydkifqdkifaom ypönf;tm;vkH;wdkUonf aoaomtcg xm;ypfcJhMu&rnf[k odMuNyD;jzpfí
rcGmEdkifavmufaom Oyg'gefrsm; r[kwfay/
xdkUaMumifh 'ku©udk jzpfapwwfaom om;orD; cifyGef;ESifh ydkifqdkifaom ypönf;ypö,
rdrdudk,fum,yg wPSmork', rxm;MuyJ tEkyg'gew&m;ESifh okccsrf;om jzpfMu&ef ork',udk
êud;pm;íy,fowfMuygavukef/
xkdUjyif Ak'¨tbd"r®m pmrsufESm 183? ork',opömtzGifhwGif-
a0zefcsuf
]]wPSm}} tdEd´,EdkifiH EGm;ausmif;om;pum;? ¤if;wdkUtvGefa&qmvGef;aomtcg w&pf½Sem
[kac:\/
¤if;w&pf½Sem ief;ief;wufa&qmaom t&yfoHk;pum;udk a*gwrAk'ü,lí rSwfrdvG,fpdrfhaomiSm
w&pf½SemvdkU oHk;xm;\/
umvMumjrifh a½GUavsmjcif;aMumifh wPSm[k jzpfae\/ wPSm&ifhvmvQif
Oyg'gefjzpfvm\...[lí½Sdygonf/
2/ txufwGif azmfjycJhaom q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuú|\a&;om;csufonf
apm'u&[ef;rsm; apm'emaom t"dyÜm,frsdK; r[kwfaMumif; xif½Sm;aeygonf? wPSm\t"dyÜm,fudk
q&mawmfBuD; ½Sif;xm;&mü ]]ief;ief;wuf qmaom}}[laom a0g[m&udk owdûy&ygrnf? atmufpmydk'fwGif
yg½Sdaom ]]rcGmEdkifavmufatmuf Oyg'gefrsm; r[kwfay}}[laom pum;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf?
aomwmyefonf 'd|dESifh 0dpdudpämrQom y,f&ao;í wPSmESifh Oyg'gefudk t<uif;rJhry,fowf&ao;aMumif;
wPSmOyg'gef½Sdao;aMumif; Ak'¨bmompmay vdkufpm;olwdkif; od½SdMuygonf? yd#uwå,yg&*l
jzpfawmfrlaom q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½SifOuú|onf wynfhawmfwdkUxufyif ydkrdkíodygao;onf?
xkdUaMumifhyif ]]wPSmESifh Oyg'gef rygMuawmhbJ}}[lí a0g[m&udk a½G;cs,fNyD; oHk;EIef;xm;ygonf? rl&if;

tpodkU
yHkESdyfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm 251-aMumif;a&(12)ü ]]wPSmESifh Oyg'gef rygMuawmhbJ}}[k twdtvif;

½Sdaeygvsuf apm'u&[ef;wdkUu ]]wPSmESifh Oyg'gef rygMuawmhbJ}}[k trSm;xnfhoGif;NyD;
vkyfMuHpGyfpGJxm;MuonfrSm ,if;wdkU\ apwemqdk;udk azmfjy&ma&mufygonf? ]]ryg}}[laom a0g[m&ESifh
]]r½Sd}}[laom a0g[m&wdkU\ teuft"dyÜg,f tvGefjcm;em;ygonf? yrm'avc-rSm;a&;rdonf[k
wynfhawmfwdkU r,lqEdkifyg? ]]aomwmyefjzpfí Oyg'gef r½SdMubl;wJh bk&m;...}}[laom
apm'emcsufudkMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh wrifodvsufESifh cRwf,Gif;csufpum;udkqdkjcif;ç r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuH
pGwfpGJxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; jiif;ír&Edkifygay/
,if;wdkU\ apm'emcsuf rSm;,Gif;aMumif; taxmuftxm;tjzpf Ak'¨tbd"r®mpmtkyf ESpftkyfudk
yl;wGJwifjyygonf/
0denf;"dk&fcHk½kH; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm; trSeftwdkif; odjrifawmfrl&efom aom"emvTm
wif&jcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf(17)
trSwf (17) apm'emvTmudk aom"emûycsufyg bk&m;/
tydk'f(3)wGif ]]OD;Ouú|[m "r®mpMumw&m;udk vufcHw,f? av;pm;w,f
[líxifrSwfaeMuygw,f}}[lí vnf;aumif;? ]]OD;Ouú| "r®mpMumonfum; bk&m;a[m
"r®mpMumr[kwfaMumif;udk rodMuygbk&m;}} [lívnf;aumif; apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;u
pGyfpGJxm;Muygonf bk&m;/
vlaovljzpfusrf;udk aqmfcsifESufcsifonfhaZmjzifh qE´vGefNyD; pGyfpGJxm;onfh pGyfpGJcsufom
jzpfygonf bk&m;/
1/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; OD;Ouú|onf "r®pMumw&m;awmfudk vufcHaMumif; av;pm;aMumif;
rsufjrifudk,fawGU jzpfygonf bk&m;? q&mawmfBuD;onf "r®pMumudk ESpfaygif;(40)ausmf
a[mawmfrlcJhygonf? jrefrmEdkifiH t&yf&yfrS yifhavQmufMuonfh w&m;yGJrsm;wGifvnf;
"r®pMumw&m;awmfudkyif t"duxm;í a[mMum;awmfrlygonf? &efukefûrdU? ½Siftm'dpö0Hoausmif;wdkuf
em,uq&mawmf ½SifynmaZmw\ tEÅdrpsmyeyGJwGif "r®pMumw&m;awmf wpfckwnf;udkyif (7)
nwdkifwdkif qufía[mMum;cJh&m ausmif;0if;tjynfh w&m;emy&dowf vma&mufemMum;onfudk
udk,fwdkifudk,fus êuHawGUcJhzl;ygonf bk&m;/
2/ q&mawmf ½SifOuúX azmfxkwfa[mMum;awmfrlaom "r®pMumw&m;awmfonf bk&m;a[m
"r®pMumom jzpfaMumif; wynfhawmfrsm;udk,fwdkif od½Sdem;vnfMuygonf bk&m;? oabmaygufMuygonf
bk&m;? &[ef;½Sifvl trsm;uvnf; vufcHtwnfûyMuygonf bk&m;/
apm'u&[ef;awmf t½Sifjrwfrsm;udk,fwdkif od½Sdem;vnfoabmayguf&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?
twk erlem,lEdkif&efvnf;aumif;? 'ku©at;vdkol 'g,um 'g,dumrsm;tm; udk,fwdkifa[mMum;wwfap&ef
vnf;aumif;? ½dk;om;oefUpifaom apwemjzifh q&mawmfBuD; ½SifOuúSX a[mMum;awmfrlonfh
Ak'¨"r®pMumrl&if;udk apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; þ0denf;"dk&fckH½kH;wGif oufaocHtjzpf wifjyxm;aom
]]½SifOuúX\ Ak'¨tbd"r®m}} pmtkyf pmrsufESm 170 rS 260 txdudk aphpyfaocsmpGm
zwf½IavhvmawmfrlygrnfhtaMumif; avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;? ,if;onf Ak'ä[m "r®pMumw&m;awmf
ppfppfomjzpfaMumif; rsuf0g;xifxifawGUjrif&NyD; apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; rdrdwdkUtrSm;udk
oHa0*ÓPfyGm;rsm;Edkifap&ef aom"emûy&ygawmhonf bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ / apm'emtrSwf (18) udk aom"emjcif; rûyay/

tpodkU
aom"emtrSwf (19)
«or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUrS acsycsuf»
trSwf (19) apm'emvTmudk aom"emcsufyg bk&m;/
q&mawmfBuD;rsm; bk&m;-
1/ þapm'emvTmwGif ]]Ak'¨bk&m;ociftm; omrefvlom;wpfa,mufxuf ydkí
txifrBuD;Muygbk&m;}}[laom pGyfpGJcsufonf tom;vGwf pGyfpGJcsufom jzpfygonf? wynfhawmfwdkUu
Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk t½Sifbk&m;wdkUxuf ydkíyif txifBuD;Muygonf? Munfñdkav;pm;Muygonf? twå'd|d
xlajymaom urÇmavmuBuD;wGif tewå[laom qefUusifbuf tokH;tEIef; tawG;tac:jzifh
twåavmuBuD; wkefvIyfoGm;atmif a<u;aMumfí opömwHcGefvTifhNyD; urÇmudk tvif;"mwfBuD;
ay;awmfrlcJhonfh twkvyk*¾dKvfjrwfBuD;tjzpf todtrSwfûyí wu,fMunfñdkav;pm;Muygonf?
tay:,H[efjy Munfñdkolrsm; r[kwfMuyg? Munfñdk[efjyNyD; pm;aygufxGifolrsm; r[kwfMuyg?
oefUoefUpifpifjzifh rdrdudk,fwdkif oabmayguf em;vnfí MunfñdkMuolrsm;om jzpfaMumif;
apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm;tm; today;ygonf bk&m;/
2/ Ak'¨0ifudpöudk wynfhawmfwdkU aom"em rûycsifMuyg? pdEÅdwH owåoacsF,sH? 0gpuH
ponfjzifh yd#uwfr0ifusrf;rsm;\ tqdktrdefUudk wynfhawmfwdkU rqef;ppfoifhaybl;vm;? ]]rm
yd#uorÜ'gaee *PSdwå}}[líyif Ak'ä[m>rufawmfrlcJhygao;onf? Ak'¨0ifusrf;rsm;wGif Ak'¨\ *kPfawmfudk
xdcdkufaponfhtaMumif;t&m trsm;tjym; yg0ifaeaMumif; jiif;EdkifvQif jiif;qdkawmfrlMuyg/
3/ rSwfcsuf/ /]]avmua&; rvdrfrmíom qifjzLawmfudk ½Iwfcsa&;om;jcif;
jzpfonf}}[laom xdkapm'u&[ef;awmfwdkU\ a&;om;csufonf rsufarSmufacwfudk jyuf&,fûyonfh
½Sufp&mjyufvkH;om jzpfygonf bk&m;/
4/ apm'emwifoGif;vTm pmrsufESm (68)? tydk'f 3 rSm apm'u&[ef;wpfyg;u or®m'dXd
okawoetrnfudk cH,lMuaom vlwef;pm;wdkUonf ½dk;ajzmifh rSefuefaom Ak'¨bmomrsm; r[kwfMuaMumif;
olwdkU\ twif;qdk;jzifh a&;om;xm;aom pmrsm;u oufaocHvsuf½Sdygonf bk&m;? olwdkU\ twGif;om;
tajymta[mrsm;onf Zmwfodrf;oGm;MuNyDjzpfaom yJcl;½dk;ray:rS awmcdkuGefjrLepfrsm;\ tajymtqdkESifh
wpfxyfwnf; cRwfpGyfwlaeygonf bk&m;? odkUjzpfí or®m'd|dokawoeq&mwdkUonf Ak'üdk
yl;uyfcGmuyfpepfjzifh zsufqD;aeMuaom t"r®0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif; aocsmygonf bk&m;[k
avQmufxm;cJhygonf/
5/ apm'emwifoGif;vTmwGif ed'gef;wifqufaom apm'em&[ef;u ed'gef;tydk'f (1) wGif
jynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor® jrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif jynfaxmifpkol jynfaxmifpkom;wdkif;onf rdrdwdkU
êudufESpfouf&mbmomudk vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifh½SdMuygonf? rnfonfhbmomudkrQ
rudk;uG,fvdkolwdkUvnf; bmomrJhtjzpf aexdkifcGifh ½SdMuygonf[k azmfjyygonf/

tpodkU
azmfjyyg apm'em&[ef;awmf\ avQmufxm;csuft& wpfOD;\oabm qdkvdkcsufudk wpfOD;u

oabmaygufrIr½Sd[k oabm&ygonf? ed'gef;wifoGif;aom &[ef;awmf\ t,ltqt&qdkvQif
bmomrJhwdkU\ cHpm;cGifht& wynfhawmfwdkUonf rnfonfhbmomrQ rudk;uG,fvQif rnfol\
apm'emwifoGif;rI cH&jcif;rS uif;vGwfrnf jzpfygonf? ,ck wynfhawmfwdkUrSm Ak'¨bmom0if
or®m'd|dtzGJU0ifrsm;jzpf&m Ak'¨bmomudk vGyfvyfpGm udk;uG,frIûyrS rdpäm'd|drsm; jzpfvdkjzpf? t"r®0g'Drsm;
½kyfMurf;0g'Drsm; jzpfvdkjzpf? oHa,mifaemufvdkufrsm; jzpfvdkjzpf? Zmwfodrf;raumif;cJhaom yJcl;½dk;ray:rS
uGefjrLepfrsm;ESifh wpfxyfwnf; cRwfpGyfwlvdkwljzifhy,fy,fe,fe,f tpGyftpGJrsm; cH&ygonf?
wu,fjzpfoifhonfrSm ,ck apm'u&[ef;rsm;vnf; Ak'¨\wynfhom0u jzpfíomoemhabmiftwGif;½Sd
&[ef;awmfrsm; jzpfygonf? wynfhawmfwdkUrSmvnf; Ak'¨\ wynfhom0u vlom;rsm;jzpfí
Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;jzpfMuygonf/
þodkU Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;onf tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef arwåmu½kPma½SUxm;í uGJvGJonf jzpfap?
ruGJvGJonf jzpfap "r®a&;&mrsm;udk t,lonf; t,loefr½SdbJ yxrtqifhtaejzifhvnf;aumif;
tBudrfBudrftxyfxyfjzifhvnf;aumif;? n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;oifhygonf? &[ef;awmfrsm;taejzifh
wynfhawmfwdkUtm;rnfodkUvdkufemrnfudk ñTefjyqHk;r Mo0g'ay;oifhygonf? ,if;odkU n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;ygvQif
tcsdKU&[ef;rsm; oHk;pGJaom tmPmpufqdkaom a0g[m& vHk;0rygvmawmhbJ tpOftvmtm;jzifh
&[ef;awmfrsm;udk MunfñdkcJhaom vlom;rsm;onf ajyvnfrI&um tjrifcsif;wlum þodkUaom
0denf;"dk&fcHk½kH;odkU a&mufzG,f&m r½Sd[k ½dk;om;pGm jrifrdygonf bk&m;/
6/ Ak'¨bmomudk bmom0iftcsif;csif; rnfodkUjrif&rnf? rnfodkUoabmaygufcH,l&rnf?
rnfodkUjrifí rnfodkUodvQif rnfodkUoabmaygufvQif Ak'¨bmomjzpfonf? todtjrifrsm;rS uGJvGJvQif
Ak'¨bmomt,ltqESifh uGJvGJonf? Ak'¨bmomr[kwf[k tusdK;taMumif; tcsuftvufESifh cdkifcdkifrmrm
ajym&rnfhtpm; or®m'd|dtzGJU0ifrsm;onf rdpäm'd|drsm;jzpfonf? awmcdkuGefjrLepfawGESifh
cRwfpGyfwlaeayonf? ¤if;wdkUonf t"r®0g'Drsm; jzpfonf[k ZGwfw½Gwfyif tjrifwpfckrSr½Sdaom
rsufuef;ozG,f vufñdI;waigufaigufjzifh a'gotjynfhpGyfpGJoGm;ygonf/
obmywdESifh tzGJU0ifq&mawmft½SifjrwfwdkU bk&m;-

wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUonf omoma&;ppfppfbmoma&;oefUoefU bmoma&;
oufoufom zGJUxm;aom tzGJUjzpfygonf? xdktaMumif;udk ½Sif;jyrnf jzpfygonf/
7/ apm'u&[ef;awmf pGyfpGJaom uGefjrLepfrsm;ESifh cRwfpGyfwlaeygonfqdk&m uGefjrLepfrsm;rSm
bmoma&;tzGJU r[kwfyg? EdkifiHa&;ygwDjzpfygonf? jynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmf\
Oya'pnf;0dkif;twGif;ü r½Sdaom Oya'jyifyü½Sdaom EdkifiHawmfudk axmifxm;jcm;em;aom ygwDjzpfygonf?
wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUonf bmoma&;tzGJUjzpfí Oya'pnf;0dkif;twGif;ü½Sdaom

tpodkU
rdrdwdkUqE´ûyrJay;xm;aom tpdk;&rSm EdkifiHawmf wdk;wufzGHUûzd;om,ma&;udk aqmif½Gufaeonfh rdrdwdkU

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&yifjzpfygonf? wynfhawmfwdkUtzGJUtaejzifh t<uif;rJhEdkifiHawmftm;opömcHxm;ygonf?
wynfhawmfwdkUtzGJUonf uGefjrLepfrsm;udk rpOf;vnf; rpOf;pm;yg? em;vnf;rvnfyg? rnfodkUrQ
ywfoufjcif;vnf; r½Sdyg? wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'd|dtzGJU0ifrsm;onf jrefrmhqdk½S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD\
acgif;aqmifrIudk cH,lxm;Muygonf? tzGJU0ifrsm;wGif vrf;pOfygwD0ifrsm; ygwDtvHawmfatmuf½Sd
tpnf;t½kH;rsm;wGif us&mwm0efrsm;aqmif½Gufvsuf½Sdolrsm;vnf; yg0ifMuygonf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\
wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifaeolrsm; wm0ef,lolrsm;vnf; ½Sdaeygonf? þodkUjzifh EdkifiHawmf\
todkif;t0dkif;wGif &yfwnfvsuf ½Sdygonf? xkdUaMumifhyif jrefrmhqdk½S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDu
OD;aqmifqifETJaeaom qdk½S,fvpfpepf wnfaqmufrIwGif tifwdkuftm;wdkuf yg0ifvsuf½Sdygonf?
wynfhawmfwdkU\ trsdKom;acgif;aqmifBuD;rSm vrf;pOfygwD\ OuúXBuD;om jzpfygonf/
8/ wynfhawmfwdkUonf bmoma&;t&om EdkifiHom;wdkif;\ rsufvHk;tdrfozG,fjzpfaom
tm;xm;&rnf vdkufemusifhoHk;&rnfjzpfaom jynfaxmifpkqdk½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' pmtkyfpmrsufESm(213) tydk'f-156(u)rSm twdtvif; jyXmef;xm;onfrSm-
EdkifiHom;wdkif; vGwfvyfpGm awG;awmMuHqcGifh vGwfvyfpGm ,HkMunfcGifhrnfonfhbmomudkrqdk
vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fydkifcGifh½Sdonf[k ay;xm;aom EdkifiHom;rsm;twGuf &ydkifcGifhay;xm;aom
abmiftwGif;uom bmoma&;udk aqmif½Gufjcif;jzpfygonf? wynfhawmfwdkYonf ,if;bmom
vGwfvyfcGifht& zGifhqdkxm;aom EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf vGwfvyfpGm ,HkMunfcGifh awG;awmMuHqcGifh
rnfonfhbmomudkrqdk ,HkMunfudk;uG,fcGifh½SdMuayonf? odkU&mwGif þvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk usifhoHk;&mü
vkyfom;jynfolwdkU\ tusdK;pD;yGm;udkvnf;aumif;? pnf;urf;aooyf wnfNidrfa&;udkvnf;aumif;
qefUusifazmufzsuf&m a&mufaprnfh vGwfvyfrIrsdK;rjzpfapoifhay? bmoma&;udk EdkifiHa&;tusdK;udpö
tvdkUiSmvnf;aumif; bmoma&;udk brf;jyí rdrdudk,fusdK;iSmvnf;aumif; oHk;pGJcGifh r½Sday/
jrefrmEdkifiHa&;ordkif;wGif EdkifiHa&; &nfrSef;csufrsm;twGuf bmoma&;udk ckwkH;vkyfcJhojzifh
wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vkH;nDñGwfa&;udk xdcdkufcJhayonf/
xdkUaMumifh EdkifiHa&;tusdK;tvdkUiSm bmoma&;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESihf bmoma&;udk ckwkH;vkyfí
okH;pGJjcif; rûyEdkifap&ef Oya'jyXmef;&rnfjzpfaMumif; þyk'frwGif azmfjyxm;ygonf? odkUygaomaMumifh
obmywdESifh q&mawmft½Sifjrwfrsm;bk&m; ... wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;onf azmfjyyg
bmomvGwfvyfcGifh ,kHMunfcGifhESifh rdrdwdkU vdkufemusifhokH;&rnfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk ususee
oabmaygufem;vnfygí EdkifiHawmf\ EdkifiHa&;e,fy,f pnf;urf;ESifh EdkifiHom;wdkU\
bmoma&;pnf;urf;udk vdkufemusifhokH;vsuf½SdygaMumif; avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/
9/ ,ckpGyfpGJaom apm'u&[ef;\ ½IyfaxG;pGm wynfhawmfwdkUtm; bmoma&;abmiftwGif;
e,ftwGif;üom ajymqdk&rnfhtpm; EdkifiHawmf\ qefUusifbuf uGefjrLepfwdkUESifh a&maxG;um vkH;ypfum

tpodkU
taMumif;tusdK; cdkifrmrIr½SdbJ wifjyvmonfrSm wynfhawmfwdkUtm; 'ku©a&mufapvdkonfh

ygydpäpdwf"mwfrsm; xdk&[ef;wdkUwGif ½SdaeaMumif; tvGefyifxif½Sm;aeí tarSmifhya,m*
uif;rSuif;yg&JUvm;[k xifjrifvm&ygonf? wyg;oludk &efvdkum tmCmwxm;um tjypf&apjcif;iSm
bmoma&;pnf;0dkif;xJu raqG;aEG;bJ apm'emrvkyfbJ wpfcgwnf;eJU tjypf&oGm;atmif EdkifiHa&;yk'frwpfck
wyfum vkyfvdkufrnf[k tHwcJcJ a'gowBuD;BuD;jzifh apm'em wifoGif;vmojzifh rsm;pGmrS xdk&[ef;tm;
u½kPmoufrdNyD; pdwfraumif;jcif; jzpf&ygonf bk&m;/
wpfzef EdkifiHa&;yk'frwyfzdkU tm;r&ao;bJ Ak'¨bmomudk yl;owfpepfjzifh zsufqD;aeMuaom
t"r®0g'Drsm; jzpfMuaMumif; xyfuGefUxm;jyefao;&m Ak'¨bmomudk b,folawGu yl;owfzsufqD;aeonfudk
,ck avmavmvwfvwfyif EdkifiHü ay:vGifaeMuygonf? taMumif;w&m;wpfckjzifh wifjyvm&vQif
wpfpkHwpfckaom udpöwpf&yftwGuf ysufpD;oGm;&jcif;onf tjyifuvkyfvdkUr& twGif;pnf;uom
vkyfrS&onf qdkonfudk apm'u&[ef;awmfrsm; owdxm;apvdkygonf? tzGJUqdkwm &[ef;oHCmrsm;
vHk;0rygyg? vlom;tcsif;csif; trSefw&m; ½SmazGaom Nidrf;at;rI½Smaom bmoma&;,HkMunfcsuf
wlolrsm;omygaom vlom;rsm;jzpf&m ouFef;awmf0wf &[ef;rsm;tjzpf twGif;pnf;uaeaom omoemh
0efxrf;rsm; r[kwf[k ajymvdkygonf bk&m;? omoemudk zsufzdkU t"r®0g'Drsm; rjzpfbJ
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifhvnf;aumif;? oHCmawmft½Sifoljrwfrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; omoemoefU½Sif;a&;udk
ygEdkifzG,f&m½Sdaom wynfhawmfwdkUonf "r®0g'Dppfppfrsm;omjzpfygonf bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ / apm'emtrSwf(20)ESifh(21)wdkUudk aom"emjcif;rûyay/

tpodkU
ed*Hk;
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&fcHk½Hk; trSwf(2) obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh tzJGU0ifq&mawmf
t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;-
,cktcgwGif wpfzufaom apm'em&[ef;awmf t½Sifoljrwfrsm; wifoGif;onfhapm'emrsm;twGuf
wynfhawmfwdkU or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUcsKyfu wm0efusaom tpdwftydkif;tm;vHk;udk wynfhawmfrsm;
aom"emûyoifhorQ wynfhawmfwdkU >cif;csufrxm;cJhyg? ,ck ed*Hk;csKyftjzpf avQmufxm;oifh
avQmufxm;&mrsm;udk avQmufxm;cGifhûyawmfrlyg bk&m;/
wynhfawmfwdkU aom"emûy&mü ed'gef;wGif avQmufxm;cJhonfhtwdkif; yk*¾v'd|mefrzufbJ
"r®'d|mefoufoufom aom"emûycJhaMumif; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm; udk,fawmfwdkif tMum;yif jzpfygonf
bk&m;/
apm'u&[ef;awmf t½Sifjrwfrsm;udkvnf; wynfhawmfrsm; rnfodkUrQ oabmrxm;yg?
trsuftmCmwvnf; vHk;0 r½Sdyg? olwdkUvnf; olwdkUudpö olwdkUwm0efudk ½dk;om;pGmxrf;aqmifjcif;rQom
jzpfonf[k oabmydkufrdygonf bk&m;? wynfhawmfrsm;onfvnf; rdrd\ wm0efwpfckudk ausyGefatmif
xrf;aqmifvdkufjcif;rQomjzpfygonf bk&m;/
xdkUaMumifhyif wynfhawmfrsm;tm; "r®0g'Drsm; jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif;? wynfhawmfrsm;
vufcHusifhoHk;aeonfh Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ opömav;yg;? tewåESifh y#dpöorkyÜg'wdkUrS qifhyGm;"r®a&;&m
wifjycsufrsm;udk "r®0g'jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif; aMunmay;&ef todtrSwfûyay;yg&ef
q&mawmfbk&m;rsm;tm; wynhfawmfrsm; vkH;0rawmif;qdkvdkyg bk&m;? q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\
qEáwmftwdkif;omvQif Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ rsufESmawmf wpfckwnf;udkom axmufxm;í tqkH;tjzwf
ûyawmfrlMuyg t½Sif bk&m;/
wynfhawmfrsm; or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyfuawmh Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ wynfhom;tppf
jzpfawmfrlcJhaom q&mawmft½SifOuú|\ wynfhrsm;yDyD EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fckH½kH;
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rsm;\ qkH;jzwfcsufudk Munfom½TifûyH; ESvkH;csrf;ajrhpGm cH,lrnfjzpfygaMumif;
½dkaoav;pm;pGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf t½SifoljrwfwdkU bk&m;/

tpodkU
t*Fvdyfpmtkyfrsm; taMumif;ar;jcif;
obmywd - uJ- 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;u ar;p&m ½Sdao;ovm;/
OD;Óedu - tenf;i,f ar;p&m½Sdygw,f/
obmywd - ar;csifwm½Sd ar;yg/
OD;Óedu - 'umBuD; OD;cif[efESifhwuG or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ar;csifygw,f?
ar;&rSmuawmh tjcm;r[kwfygbl;? 'umBuD;wdkU or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if
yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf rdrdwdkU trSefjrif&atmifvkdUqdkNyD;awmh okawoevkyfaew,fqdkwm
q&mawmfwdkU od½SdMu&NyD; jzpfygw,f? tJ'Dvdk okawoeûy&mwGif
yd#uwfawmfusrf;*efrsm;udk ususee ywfywfeyfeyf vnfvnfBuD; avhvmMuyg&JUvm;vdkU
ar;ygw,f? ( xNyD;awmh avQmufyg )
tzGJU0ifwpfOD; - Ouú|BuD;u em;av;vdkU rMum;&yg bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - 'gjzifh OD;cif[ef&JU udk,fpm;vS,fwpfa,muf ajzyg/
udk,fpm; - t½Sifbk&m;tar; jyefajymyg/
OD;Óedu - t"dyÜm,fu 'Dvdkyg? 'umBuD;wdkU or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUutjrifrSefudk
½SmaeMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm Ak'¨tbd"r®mESifhwuG yd#uwfawmfusrf;*efrsm;udk
vnfvnfywfywf ususee avhvmxm;Muygovm;vdkU 'Dvdk ar;wmyg/
jrifhaqG - bk&m;wynfhawmfwdkU ravhvmzl;yg bk&m;? wpfvkH;p ESpfvkH;pbJzwfzl;ygw,f bk&m;?
jynfhjynfhpkHpkH r½Sdyg bk&m;/
OD;ÓPdu - [kwfNyD? aemufwpfcg t½SifOuú|rSwpfyg; tjcm; tjcm;aomq&mawmfrsm;xH
'Dyd#uwfrsm;ESifhwuG yd#uwfa&;&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;avQmufxm;
ar;jref;zl;Muygovm;/
jrifhaqG - ar;zl;ygw,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ar;zl;ygovm;/
jrifhaqG - rSefyg? awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ar;zl;ygw,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - b,fq&mawmfrsm;xH csOf;uyfzl;ygovJ/
jrifhaqG - 'Dvdk EdkifiHausmf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;udkawmh wynfhawmfwdkU rcsOf;uyfzl;yg bk&m;?
wynfhawmfwdkU vufvSrf;rDorQ awGU½SdorQq&mawmf orm;awmfrsm;udkawmh
wynfhawmfwdkU r½Sif;wJh tcsuftvufrsm;udk ar;zl;ygw,f? avQmufzl;ygw,f bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - [kwfNyD? 'umwdkU t*Fvdyfvdk pmayzwfwwfw,f? em;vnfw,fqdkwm bkef;BuD;wdkU
Mum;oGm;vdkuf&w,f/ 'Dawmh ta&;BuD;wJh,ck P.T.S yg|dyd#uwfpmaytoif;rS

tpodkU
twGif;a&;rª;vkyfwJhrpöwmtpf*av'if IGGLEDEN &JU tbd"r®wåo*F[ed'gef;ESifhwuG

'DpmapmifawG zwfzl;Muygovm;/
jrifhaqG - tJ'Dtydk'fav;udk oabmusvdkU xnfhxm;wmyg bk&m;? tm;vkH;qkH;atmifawmh
rzwfzl;yg bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - 'Du rpöwmtpf*av'if a&;wJh[mudk ajymwmaemf? wjcm;'Djyif[m ajymwmr[kwfbl;?
tbd"r®w¬o*F[&JU ed'gef;ESifhwuG tus,fw0ifh a&;xm;wm? tifrwefvnf;
jynfhpHkaumif;rGefygw,f? tJ'g zwfzl;ygovm;/
jrifhaqG - tJ'g qHk;atmif rzwfzl;yg bk&m;/
OD;Óedu - t&SifÓPwdavmu uç *smrefvdka&;NyD;? t½SifÓPaygPduu t*Fvdyfvdk
jyefqdkoGm;wJh ABHIDHAMMA STUDIES ]]tbd"r®mavhvmjcif;}} qdkwJh
pmtkyfrsm;aumzwfzl;ygovm;/
jrifhaqG - bk&m;wynfhawmfwdkU tJ'Dpmtkyf Mum;awmif rMum;zl;yg bk&m;/
OD; Óedu - at;[kwfNyD? aemufwpfcsuf tdEd´,trsdK;om; ynm½Sifrsm; jzpfMuaom rpöwm VARMA
Am&rmeJU rpöwm SHARMA ½S&rmwdkU a&;MuwJh EARLY HISTORY OF BUDDHISM &
ITS ORIGIN ]]a½S;a[mif;Ak'¨bmomESifh ¤if;\ rlvordkif;}} tp½Sdaom 'Dvdk

pmtkyfrsdK;awGaum zwfzl;Muygovm;/
jrifhaqG - ,ckq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; trdefU½SdwmawGudk wynfhawmfwdkU ravhvmzl;yg bk&m;?
wynfhawmfwdkU t"duxm;wmu q|rlom t"duxm;ygw,f bk&m;/
OD; Óedu - [kwfNyD? raeUwkef;u aom"emûy udk;um;oGm;wJh pmawGxJrSm t*Fvdyfvdk
zwfwwfwJhtaMumif;? em;vnfwJhtaMumif; oabmawG ygaew,f? 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;u
axmufjyp&m ½Sdw,f? 'DpmayawGrSm wcsdKUpmay ,lqxm;wmu t*Fvdyfu twdkif;yJ?
Armvdkjyefxm;wmyJ ½Sdygw,f/ bkef;BuD; taotcsm axmufjyEdkifygw,f? 'gaMumifh
'DpmtkyfawG zwfzl;ygovm;vdkU ar;&jcif;jzpfygw,f? rzwfzl;ygqdkvJ NyD;wmygyJ/
jrifhaqG - rSefyg? rzwfzl;yg bk&m;/

tpodkU
obmywdq&mawmf ed*Hk;csKyf rdefUcGef;

apm'uyk*¾dKvfawGa&m pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfawGyg apm'emvTmawG aom"emvTmawG wifjyvdkU
NyD;qHk;oGm;MuygNyD? apm'uyk*¾dKvfawGuvJ rdrdwdkU xifjrifovdk apm'emtcsufawGudk a&;om;wifjyygw,f?
pk'dwuyk*d¾Kvfrsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkU pdwfrSm xifjrifvmwJhtwdkif; a&;om;wifjy avQmufxm;oGm;Muygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk avQmufxm;oGm;MuwJhtcgrSm trsufa'goç tmCmwrsm;pGm rygMubJ eJeJusOf;usOf;avmuf
axhvHk;av; uvdvHk;av;awmh eJeJyg;yg; ygMuygw,f? 'Dvdk ygayr,fvdkU bkef;BuD;wdkUtaeeJU 'Davmuf
BuD;us,fwJhudpöudk aqmif½GufwJhae&mrSm 'Davmufawmh ygrSmyJvdkU bkef;BuD;wdkUu uvdvHk; axhvHk;av;awG
ygwmudkawmh onf;cHygw,f? apm'uyk*d¾Kvfrsm;uvnf; uvdxm;w,f? pk'dwuyk*d¾Kvfrsm;uvnf;
uvdxm;Muw,f? tJ'gawGudk bkef;BuD;wdkU 0denf;"dk&f cHktzGJUtaeeJU tm;vHk;onf;cHNyD; em;axmifygw,f?
tJ'gudk arwåma½SUxm;NyD; apm'uyk*d¾KvfawGua&m wm0efwpf&yfudk rdrdwdkU aqmif½Gufjcif;yJvdkU
oabmxm;NyD;oumv ,ckvdk 0rf;om½TifûyH;NyD; ½Tif½TifysysESifh 0rf;omMu aom"emMuwmudk
jrif&wJhtwGuf bkef;BuD;wdkU 0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtaeeJU trsm;BuD; 0rf;ajrmufygw,f? q&mawmfrsm;taeeJU
bufvdkufjcif; r½Sd? t*wdvdkufpm;jcif;r½Sd? jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU rsufESmawmfudkomvQif axmufxm;NyD;
ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfvmwJhtwdkif; "r®0de,ESifh tnDomvQif qHk;jzwfrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;vdkygw,f/
aemifaomtcg q&mawmfwdkU 0dedpä,tqHk;tjzwf csrSwfwJhtcgrSm &ufcsdef;ay;ygr,f? tJ'D
&ufcsdef;ay;wJhtcgrSm apm'uyk*d¾KvfawGa&m pk'dwuyk*d¾KvfawGyg oufqdkif&myk*d¾KvfawGtm;vHk;
'D½kH;udkvmNyD; tqHk;tjzwfudk emcHMuapvdkaMumif; ajymMum;&if;eJU tqHk;owfygw,f/
]]tvum;ae&if tvum;vlyJ/
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("r®'lw t½SifynmaZmw)

tpodkU

tydkif;(4)
4-1/ 0dedpä,u@ (tcrf;tem;tpDtpOf)
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4-3/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ Mo0g'
4-4/ vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä, ed'gef;
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(oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;)

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tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf OD;cifarmifausmf aqmif½Gufonf/

tpodkU
Oya'ESifh ywfoufaom ½Sif;vif;csufoabmxm;

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OD;MunfñGefY avQmufxm;vTm
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jzpfygw,f bk&m;/

tpodkU
wpfzuf pk'dwursm;u vlyk*¾dKvfawGudk oHCmawGu tqkH;tjzwfay;wm[m rrSefuefbl;qdkwJh

tcsufwpfcsufvnf; olwdkU (or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS) wifjywJhpmrSm awGU&ygw,f? 'DwifjycsufeJY
ywfoufvdkU vkyfxkH;vkyfenf; tydk'f 36-rSm
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oHCr[mem,u tzGJUodkU t,lcH apm'emwifvTm wifoGif;Edkifaom rIcif;rsm;-
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(*) tEdÅr0w¬Kjzifh qHk;jzwftyfaom rIcif;?
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tpodkU
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jynfolUvTwfawmf Oya'udk vdkufemNyD;awmh apmifhxdef;&rJJh 0wå&m; ½Sdygw,f? tu,fí rvdkufemcJhvQif
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jy|mef;xm;wJh 0dedpä,?
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pnf;urf;eJUtnD pmtkyfpmwrf;awG trsm;BuD;xkwfa0xm;ygw,f/

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tJ'Dvdk pepfwus rlcsNyD; xkwfa0xm;wJh udpöudk udk,fhtzGJUtpnf;taeeJU rsufajcjywfaeNyD; ,aeU

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EdkifiHawmfudk qefUusif&m a&mufwwfygw,f? tJ'Dvdk EdkifiHawmfudk qefUusifwJh udpörsdK; rjzpfrdatmifç
Oya'ESifh qefUusifwJh udpörsdK; rjzpf&tmif apwemxm;NyD; arwåmxm;NyD;awmh q&mawmfBuD;rsm;udk
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OD;aCmodw
24-10-81

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yPmrESifh y#dnmOf
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0dwpäuH a,m ok0dbZÆ a'o,D/
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pGrf;tifvQrf;awmuf pcef;aygufatmif tpGrf;rajrmuf EdkifcJhygay/ 'ged? ,ck/ £"? omoeyifr?
tpOfvSonfhjrefrmhbkHxD; þjynfaxmifpkBuD;ü? tblwykAÁwH? A½S;urjzpf ,ckacwfrS
xl;opfvSpGmay:ívmaom/ oHCó p? &[ef;a½SUaqmif tacgiftzsm; wpfodef;ausmf
oHCmrsm;\vnf;aumif;/ &|ó p? or®wBuD;rª; OD;pD;tacgif a½Suaqmifa½SUoGm;
jynfaxmifpkom;taygif;\vnf;aumif;/ omr*¾ðAvH? nDñGwfaygif;pk taMumif;ûyonfh ,ckxif½Sm;

tpodkU
nDñGwfa&;tiftm;udk/ ,o®m? tMuifaMumifh/ vbmrao? tcGifhvnf;aumif; tcgaumif;í

taMumif;avsmpGm &Muygukef\/
4/ wo®m? xdkUaMumifh/ oHaCe p? odef;ausmfrsm;jym; oHCmhtm;jzifh csxm;a½G;aumuf
0efaqmifajr§mufvsuf xdkUaemufwoD; ajr§mufcsD;wnfzGJU av;q,fhig;yg;r[mem,ursm;uvnf;aumif;/
&nmp? jynfaxmifpkzGm; vltrsm;wdkU vdkvm;a½G;aumufjynfopfaqmufzdkU csD;ajr§mufwifxm;
tpdk;&rif;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/ tEk,kwåmum? omoemh&efpG,f tjrefy,fzdkU oG,foG,fxkH;rSwf
,lqkH;jzwf&ef owfrSwfydkif;jcm cefUxm;vTJtyfukefaom/ r,H? igwdkUonf/ o'¨r®ok'¨wåXdwwåumrdaem?
omoemhtpOf jrwfokH;tif\ MunfvifoefU½Sif; wnfwHhjcif;udk xefjyif;BuD;rm; qE´xm;Muukefonfjzpfí/
a0ykv’ayu©m? BuD;rm;cHhx,f tESHUv,fí jyefUus,fpnfum; wdk;yGm;jcif;udk tvdk½SdMuukefonfjzpfí/
wóH,kwH? rdpäm0g' ygynpfaus; xdk&efab;ESifh pyf,SOfaom/ 0dedpä,H 0&H? rsufESmraxmuf trkef;a&mufzdkU
cspfaMumufrkef;xm; y,faomtm;jzifh azmufjym;r,dkif vGefMuHhcdkifonfh ydkifEdkifaumif;jrwftqkH;tjzwfudk/
ok|K? aumif;rGefpGm/ orm&bmrao? *E¦EÅ& t00ESifh yd#uorkwf a½TEIwfawmfxGuf "r®pufudk
av;eufjywfom; wHrsOf;xm;vsuf xif½Sm;jynfhpkH (tm;xkwf)qkH;jzwfay;ygukeftHhownf;/
5/ Zdebm0dwH? or®moarÁm"d ÓPfxl;&Sdí rdrd&& usexkwfazmf jzpfapawmfrltyfaom/ wH
"r®puúH? omoemtqkH;tr jrwfAk'¨\ okH;0acgifzsm; xdkw&m;wnf;[laom pufonf/
emeyÜum&AÁdy&Dw'óe orÇLw þwð? azmufjyefacsmufcsm; tjrifrSm;ojzifha&;om;a[mrI tpkpkrS
aMumif;ûyay:jim; acsmfíoGm;onfh trSm;wnf;[laom ab;&efBuD;udk/ 0d"keD,? zsufqD;cgwGuf
tm;ukefESufí/ avmurdS? ta½SUvnf;a&muf taemufvnf;0if 0ef;usifwvTm; csefxm;r&
avmuBuD;twGif;ü/ o'¨r®Zkwð? olawmfaumif;wdkU xkHajimif;yGm;rsm; w&m;ta&mif rD;wefaqmifudk/
ybmo,H? 0if;wajymifajymifta&mifw½Tef;½Tef; xGef;apvif;ap xGef;vif;apvsuf/ pd&H? tESpfig;axmif
jrm;ajrmifvSpGm½SnfjrifhMumatmif/ 0wåwH-0wåwk? pdwfaumif;ESvkH;jrwf vlwdkif;uyfí
vTrf;ywfjzefUa0vnfíaeygapownf;/

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EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtrSwf (2)
vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä,
ed'gef;
----------
0drkwåd
1/ edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfokH;ykH "r®u©E¨m ½Spfaomif;av;axmif[k qdktyfaom jrwfAk'¨\
tqkH;tr omoemawmfonf b0oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufa&;wnf;[laom wpfckwnf;aom ]]0drkwåd}}
yef;wdkifudk &nfrSef;csuf xm;½Sdayonf? ,if;vGwfajrmufjcif; ]]0drkwåd}} udkyif om,mjrwfEdk;tyfaom
oabmjynfhpkHap&rnfh oabmt"dyÜg,ftm;jzifh&o t&om[lí jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlcJhayonf?
xdkUaMumifh Ak'ömoemawmf\ wpfckwnf;aom t&omonf ]]0drkwåd &o}} yifjzpfaMumif; odtyfay\?
þtaMumif;udkO'gef;ygVdawmf Oaygoxokwfü atmufygtwdkif; a[mMum;awmf rlxm;ayonf/
]]{0ar0H acg bdu©a0 t,H "r®0dea,m {u&aom 0drkwåd&aom}}
&[ef;wdkU ... þr[mork'´&menf;wlyifvQif "r®0de,[k qdktyfaom tqkH;tr
omoemawmfjrwfonf 0drkwådwnf;[laom wpfckwnf;aom t&om½Sdayonf/
2/ ]]0drkwåd}}[laom vGwfajrmufrIonf tusdK;w&m; jzpf\? tusdK;w&m;[lonf
taMumif;uif;vsuf jzpfay:vm½dk; r½Sday? odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,if;0drkwåd[laom tusdK;w&m;\
tajccHjzpfaom taMumif;w&m;wdkUudk Ak'¨½Sifawmfbk&m;u ñTefjyawmfrlcJhayonf? ,if; ]]0drkwåd}} \
taMumif;w&m;rsm;udk ]]0drkwådy&dygped,}}[lí ac:ayonf? vGwfajrmufjcif;udk jzpfay:apwwfaom
&ifhusufapwwfaom? wpfenf;tm;jzifh t&[wåzdkvfÓPfudk &ifhoefapwwfaom taMumif;w&m;rsm;[k
qdkvdkayonf/
]]0drkwådy&dygpeD,}} ac:aom taMumif;w&m;rsm;

3/ ]]0drkwåd y&ygpeD,}} ac:aom taMumif;w&m;rsm;udk 'DCedum,f ygxdu0*fo*Ðwdokwf
ygVdawmf (201)ü onmacgif;pOf ig;&yfydkif;jcm;í bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;awmfrlxm;ayonf/
,if;onmig;yg;wdkUum; atmufygwdkUyif jzpf\/
(u) tedpöonm - t&m0wåKwdkif;udk rjrJ[k todtrSwfxm;jcif;ç em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ç
(c) tedapö 'ku©onm - rjrJaom t&m0wåKwdkif;udk 'ku©(auseyfzG,f r½Sdaom oabm)[k todtrSwf
xm;jcif;ç
(*) 'kau© tewåonm - pdwfauseyfzG,f r½Sdaom t&m0wåKwdkif;ü twår½Sd[k todtrSwfxm;jcif;ç

tpodkU
(C) y[meonm - tedpö 'ku© tewåjzpfaom oabmw&m; tm;vkH;udk wG,fwmrIr½SdbJ

y,fpGefU&rnf[k em;vnf oabmaygufjcif;ç
(i) 0d&m*onm - ,if; tedpö 'ku© tewåjzpfaom oabmw&m; wdkUudk y,fpGefUEdkifavmufatmif
wyfrufjcif; uif;ap&rnf[k todtrSwfxm;jcif;ç em;vnf oabmaygufjcif;
wdkUjzpfavonf/
y#dorÇd'gr*f ygVdawmfüvnf; ]]0drkwådy&ygpeD,}} ac: oHo&m0#fqif;&JrSvGwfajrmufjcif;
taMumif;w&m;rsm;udk 15-yg; ta&twGuftm;jzifh jynfhpkHus,f0ef;pGmzGifhjy a[mMum;awmfrlayonf? ,if;
0drkwådtaMumif;w&m; 15-yg;wdkUonf atmufygwdkUyif jzpfMu\/
(1-3) o'¨gw&m; r½Sdoludk a&SmifMuOfjcif;ç o'¨gw&m;½SdolESifh aygif;oif;jcif;ç
MunfñdkzG,faumif;aom okwåefrsm;udk ½GwfzwfemMum;í teuft"dyÜg,f
pOf;pm;qifjcifjcif; (o'¨g)
(4-6) ysif;&doludk a½SmifMuOfjcif;ç vkHUv0d&d,½SdolESifh aygif;oif;jcif;ç or®yÜ"mefw&m; av;yg;udk
pOf;pm;vdkufem tm;xkwfjcif; (0D&d,)?
(7-9) owduif;rJholudk a½SmifMuOfjcif;ç owdaumif;olESifhaygif;oif;jcif;ç owdy|mefav;yg;udk
pOf;pm;vdkufemtm;xkwfjcif; (owd)?
(10-12)orm"denf;ola½SmifMuOfjcif;ç orm"daumif;olESifh aygif;oif;jcif;ç orm"d psmef0darmu©
w&m;rsm;udk pOf;pm;vdkufemtm;xkwfjcif; (orm"d)
(13-15)ynmr½Sdoludk a½SmifMuOfjcif;ç ynm½SdolESifh aygif;oif;jcif;ç eufeJaomÓPfjzifh
oHk;oyfusufpm;&rnfh okwåefwdkUudk½GwfzwfemMum; teuft"dyÜm,fwdkUudkpOf;pm;jcif;ç
yGm;rsm;jcif; (ynm)/
txufyg ygwdu0*f o*ÐwdokwfESifh y#dorÇd'gr*f ygVdawmf okwåefESpf&yfwdkUudk
tESpfcsKyfíMunfhvQif ]]0drkwåd&o}} &½SdcHpm;Edkifa&;twGuf vdktyfaom taMumif;w&m;jzpfonfh
]]0drkwådy&ygpeD,}} w&m;wdkUrSm o'¨g 0D&d, owd orm"d ynm ESifh ,xmblwÓPf[k ac:aom
0dyóemÓPfwdkUyifjzpfaMumif; awGU½Sd&ayonf/
4/ txufazmfjyyg ]]0drkwåd&o} \ taMumif;jzpfaomw&m;rsm;udk oHk;oyfqifjcifonf½Sdaomf
þodkUawGU&ayonf/ ]]o'¨g} ,HkMunfrI jynfhpHkatmif xlaxmif&rnfjzpfonf? oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS
vGwfajrmufrI&½Sda&;twGuf avhvmyGm;rsm;&rnfh w&m;rsm;r½Sdao;vQif ½Sdatmif? rjynfhpHkao;vQif
jynfhpHkatmif pl;pdkuf,HkMunfrIjzifh tm;xkwf&rnfjzpfonf? ,if;odkUrdrdudk,fwdkif o'¨gw&m;
&ifhoefyGm;rsm;atmif ûyvkyf&rnfjzpfaomaMumifh o'¨g,HkMunfrIjynfh0olrsdK;ESifhom qufqHaygif;oif;
zdkUvnf; vdktyfayonf? omoem"r®tay:ü t,HktMunfr½Sdol o'¨gw&m;acgif;yg;olrsdK;udkvnf;
a0;pGma½SmifMuOf&rnfjzpfayonf? þodkU o'¨gw&m; udkxlaxmif&mü MunfñdkzG,fjzpfaom bk&m;a[m

tpodkU
w&m;awmfrsm;udk tcsdeftcGifh&wdkif; ½Gwfzwfjcif; emMum;jcif; teuft"dyÜm,f pOf;pm;qifjcifjcif;rsm;udk

rkcsraoG ûyvkyf&ayvdrfhrnf? þodkUaom o'¨g"mwfudk aAm"dyu©d,w&m;taetm;jzifh
o'¨daÈ´[lívnfaumif;? o'¨gAdkvf[l ívnf;aumif; ac:qdk&avonf/
5/ aAm"dyu©d,w&m;[lonfum; aAm"d+yu©+£,[laom &if;jrpft& ]]aAm"d}}onf r*fÓPf
zdkvfÓPfwdkifatmifaom todÓPf jzpfí ]]yu©}}onf tpdwftydkif;ç taMumif;t*Fgç tzdkUtpk [laom
teuf ½Sd\/ ]]£,}}onfum; jzpfonf[laom teufudk jyayonf? odkUjzpfaomaMumifh
aAm"dyu©d,w&m;[lonf r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPftxd rSefuefaom todÓPfynmudk &&m&aMumif;jzpfaom
taMumif;t*Fg tzdkUtpk jzpfaom w&m;[k qdkvdkayonf/
6/ 0drkwåd&o &½SdcHpm;Edkifa&;twGuf vHkUv0D&d, pdkufxkwfzdkYvnf; vdkayonf? b0oHo&mrS
vGwfajrmufrI &½Sda&;twGuf xdkifNyD; pOf;pm;ae½kHrQ awG;awmMuHpnfae½kHrQ qifjcifpdwful;ae½kHrQjzifh
udpörNyD;Edkifacs? or®yÜ"mef enf;rSef vrf;rSeftwdkif; wu,fwrf; usifhMuHêud;ukwf tm;xkwfygrS udpöNyD;rnf
jzpfayonf? tcsdKUolwdkUonfum; oDv½SdzdkUrvdk? w&m;tm;xkwfzdkUrvdk? rdrdpdwftwGif;ü todÓPf&vQif
udpöNyD;onf[k rSwfxifMuonf? trSefum; xdkodkU r[kwfay? ppfrSefaom aAm"dÓPfudk &½Sda&;twGuf
or®m0g,mr vHkUv0D&d,oefoefjzifh tm;xkwfzdkU vdktyfayonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh "m;onf aoG;rS xufonf?
xufrS ckwfvdk&mudk ckwfEdkifouJhodkU jzpfayonf/
7/ 0drkwåd&o\ taMumif;jzpfaom todÓPf[lonfum; vlomrefvlNydef;wdkU\
todÓPfrsdK; r[kwfay? ½kyfemrf"r®wdkU\ twGif;oabmudk xdk;azmufí odjrifjcif;ç r*fzdkvfESifh avsmfatmif
odjrifjcif;[k qdktyfaom y#da0"ÓPf tEkavmrÓPfrsdK;udk qdkvdkayonf? xdkÓPfrsdK;udk &½Sdatmif
enf;rSefvrf;rSef ZGJoefoefjzifh tm;xkwfzdkU trSefvdktyfayonf? ,if;odkUtm;xkwfrIrsdK;udk or®yÜ"mefvHkUv[k
ac:ayonf/
or®yÜ"mefqdkonfrSm rjzpfao;aom tukodkvfudk rjzpf&atmifç tukodkvfjzpfrdvQif tvm;wl
tukodkvfrsdK; xyfírjzpf&atmif a½SmifMuOfy,f½Sm;Edkif&ef êud;pm;jcif;ç rjzpfao;aom ukodkvfudk jzpfatmifç
jzpfNyD;aom ukodkvfudk txHk&í wdk;wuftm;½Sdvmatmif êud;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;rsdK; jzpfayonf?
þor®yÜ"mefvHkYvudkjzpfyGm;apvdkaom olonf ysif;&dayghysufaomolrsm;ESifh tvQif;yif raygif;oif;rdatmif
a0;pGma½SmifMuOf&rnf jzpfonf? tu,fí vlysif;vlnHhESifh aygif;oif;rdygvQif rdrdonfvnf;
tm;xkwfvdkpdwfr½SdbJ ysufpD;oGm;wwfayonf? tjcm;wpfbufwGifrl ZGJvHkUv0D&d, ½SdolrsdK;ESifh
aygif;oif;zdkU&ef vdktyfayonf? odkUrSom rdrdüvnf; êud;pm;tm;xkwfrIt½Sdef wdk;wufvmEdkifayonf?
þodkUaom or®yÜ"mefvHkUv0D&d,rsdK;udk 0D&d,daÈ´ç 0D&d,Adkvfç 0D&d,d'¨dyg'fç 0D&d,oarÁmZÑifç
or®m0g,mrr*¾if trnfjzifh aAm"dyu©d,w&m;pkwGif bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlayonf/
8/ 0drkwåd&o &½Sda&;twGuf tjcm;vdktyfaom taMumif;wpf&yfrSm qif;&J[lorQwdkUrS
vGwfajrmuf&ef a½S;½Iaom tvGefcdkifrmonfh owdudkarG;jrL&ef jzpfayonf? owdjrJatmif

tpodkU
xlaxmifay;zdkUvdktyfayonf? owdudk rdrdudk,füvnf;aumif;? cHpm;rIa0'emüvnf;aumif;?

jzpfay:aeaompdwfüvnf;aumif;? awGUêuHaeaom w&m;"r®wdkUüvnf;aumif; wpfcsufrQtvGwfray;bJ
rjywfowdcsyfí yGm;rsm;&rnf[k bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlxm;ayonf? ,if;uJhodkU um,ç a0'emç pdwå
"r®wdkUü owdjrJatmifyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaepOftcgwGif owduif;olç arhavsmhayghqolrsm;udk rrSD0JbJ
a½SmifMunf&rnf? rdrduJhodkU owd½Sdol owdjrJolrsdK;ESifhom aygif;oif;qufqH&ef vdktyfayonf? þodkUaom
owdrsdK;udk owdaÈ´ç owdAdkvfç owdoarÁmZÑifç or®mowdr*¾iftrnfjzifh aAm"dyu©d,w&m;pkwGif
a[mxm;awmfrlayonf? ,cktcg jrefrmjynft&yf&yfü owdy|mef&dyfomrsm;ESifh tjcm;aom ur®|mef;wdkuf
*lacsmifwdkUü owdy|mefvkyfief;udk tpOfwpdkuf tm;xkwfaeMujcif;onf ½kyf0g'Drsm;tjrifjzifh tydktvkyf
ajymifavSmifjyufacsmf oa&mfzG,ftvkyf[k xifp&m½Sdaomfvnf; trSefpifppf Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\
r[mowdy|meokwf ponfwdkUü a[mMum;xm;awmfrlonfh vrf;pOftwdkif; usifhMuHyGm;rsm;
tm;xkwfaeMujcif;om jzpfí ]]0drkwådy&dygpeD,vrf;pOf}} trSefyif jzpfayonf/
9/ 0drkwåd&otwGuf tjcm;vdktyfaom taMumif;wpf&yfrSm orm"dyif jzpfayonf?
owdy|mefvkyfief;udk vkyfonfjzpfapç 0dyóem oufoufudk½IrSwfonfjzpfap orm"donf rygvQif
rNyD;aomw&m; jzpfayonf? pdwfrwnfNidrfvQif ÓPfrMunfvif? trSefoabmudk rjrif? xkdUaMumifh
ynmÓPf pl;½Sxufjrufa&;twGuf orm"dwnf&ef vGefpGmvdktyfvSayonf/
a½S;tcgu a'gPtrnf½Sdaom q&mBuD;onf rdrd\wynfh tZÆKetm;av;twwfudk
oifMum;ay;aomtcg opfyifcGMum;ü wifxm;aom iSuf½kyfudk csdefí jrm;jzifhypfap&mü þodkU
qdkzl;avonf? tjcm; tjcm;aom wynfhwdkUonf iSuf½kyf\ rsufvHk;udk xdrSefatmif ypfrnf[k
csdef½G,faomtcg EIwfoD;udka&m tjcm; tarG;tawmifwdkUudkyg jrifaeMuavonf? þvdkjrifaeorQ
iSuf½kyf\ rsufvHk;udk xdrSefatmif rypfEdkifMuayukef? odkUjzpfí oifonf iSuf½kyf\ rsufvHk;rSwyg; tjcm;
bmudkrQ rjrif&atmif pl;pdkufí Munfhyg? iSuf½kyf\ rsufvHk;wpfckwnf;udkomjrifatmif pl;pdkufí MunfhNyD;
ypfaomtcg oif\jrm;onf iSuf½kyf\ rsufvHk;udkom xGif;azmufí oGm;vdrfhrnf[k qHk;rzl;avonf/
(r[mbm&w? a½S;a[mif;ouúwusrf;)
þOyrmuJhodkUyif orm"dcdkifusnfatmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaomtcg ½kyfemrf"r® tm½kHtzdkUtpk
wpfckwnf;üom {u*¾wmusatmif ½IrSwfEdkifzdkU vdktyfayonf? þuJhodkU orm"dudk xlaxmifaepOfwGif
orm"denf;yg; vQyfay:avmfvnfonfh vlpm;rsdK;udk txl;a½SmifMuOf&ayonf? orm"dtvGefaumif;ol
av;eufwnfNidrfolrsm;ESifhom qufqHaygif;oif;&rnfjzpfonf? þodkUaom orm"drsdK;udk orm"daÈ´ç
orm"dAdkvfç orm"doarÁmZÑifç or®morm"dr*¾if[k aAm"dyu©d,w&m;pkwGif a[mawmfrlxm;ayonf/
10/ 0drkwåd&o &½Sda&;twGuf tjcm;vdktyfaom taMumif;wpf&yfrSm ynmÓPfyif jzpfonf?
½kyfemrf"r® ocFg&wdkUudk 0dyóemwifí ½IjrifyGm;rsm;aomol? ½kyfemrfwdkU\ oabmobm0udk odjrif&ef
avhvmvdkufpm;ol rnfolrqdk eufeJaom ÓPfynm½Sd&ef vdktyfayonf? þodkUaom ÓPfynmrsdK;

tpodkU
&ifhoefvmapa&;twGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ okwåef tbd"r®m w&m;awmfrsm;udk rjywf ½Gwfzwf&rnf?

emMum;rSwfom;&rnf? teuft"dyÜm,f qifjcifpOf;pm;&rnf jzpfayonf? þuJhodkU ÓPfynm BuD;jrifhatmif
êud;pm;vHk;yrf;aeaom tcgrsdK;ü ynmrJholç ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkUü t0g;r0 rodem;rvnfolrsdK;udk
txl;a½SmifMuOfMu&rnf? ynm½Sdol y&rw¬obm0wdkUudk uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm ajymjyoifMum;Edkifolç 0dyóem
usifhvrf; MuHvrf;wdkUudk ,xmblwususñTefjywwfolrsdK;ESifhom qufqH rSD0J&rnf jzpfayonf?
þodkUaom ynmrsdK;udk aAm"dyu©d, w&m;pkwGif 0DrHod'¨dyg'fç yndaÈ´ç ynmAdkvfç "r®0dp,oarÁmZÑifç
or®m'd|dr*¾if [laom trnftrsdK;rsdK;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrlxm;ayonf/
11/ txufwGif qdkcJhaom orm"dESifh ynmwnf;[laom obm0ESpf&yfonf 'GefwGJí
aeayonf? orm"dESifh ynmudk wGJpyftoHk;ûyrSom tcsif;csif; taMumif;ûyí pGrf;&nf xufjrufvmayrnf?
orm"d½Sdavav tjrifrSef &avav jzpfayonf? þtaMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u atmufygtwdkif;
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf/
]]oDvy&dbm0dawm orm"d r[yæavm a[mwd r[medoHaom? orm"dy&dbm0dwm ynm
r[yævm a[mwd r[medoHom? ynmy&dbm0dwH pdwåH or®a'0 tmoa0[d 0drkpöwd}} ('D? 2? 102/)
tusifhoDvjzifh rTrf;xHktyfaom pdwf\ wnfMunfrI orm"donf vGefpGm tusdK;&if; tusdK;quf
BuD;rm;vS\? orm"djzifh vTrf;ûcHpdrfhxHktyfaom ynmÓPfonf tusdK;&if; tusdK;quf
tvGefw&mBuD;jrwfvS\? xdkodkUaom ynmjzifh vTrf;ûcHpdrfhxHktyfaom pdwfonf tmoa0gw&m;wdkUrS
trSefpifppf vGwfajrmufav\/
orxESifh 0dyóem
12/ av;oacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef;umvywfvHk; êud;pm;tm;xkwfí xlaxmifawmfrlcJhaom
Ak'¨jrwfpGm omoemawmfü vlom;wdkUtm; edAÁmefwnf;[laom oHo&mvrf;qHk;yef;wdkifodkU
ta&mufydkUaqmifEdkifaom w&m;wpfpHk ½Sdayonf? ,if;onfum; tjcm;r[kwf? txufü qdkcJhaomorm"dESifh
ynmyif jzpfonf? ,if;orm"dESifh ynmonf orxESifh 0dyóemyifjzpfayonf? avmukwå&mpcef;odkU
wufvSrf;Mu&mü orm"donf ynmudk tajccHtaejzifh aus;Zl;ûyouJhodkU ynmonfvnf;
orm"dudkjyefvnf aus;Zl;ûyayonf/
tu,fí 0dyóemonf udavomxkxnfudk xkESufûzdcGJonfhvufeufjzpfonfqdkvQif orm"donf
xdkvufeufudk ypfrvGJatmif xdef;csKyfwnfhrwfay;onfh ud&d,mwefqmozG,f jzpfayonf? 0dyóem
ynmonf eD0&Pt½IyftaxG;wdkUudk ckwfxGify,f½Sif;onfh "m;vufeuf jzpfonfqdkvQif orm"donf
xdk"g;vufeufudk xufjrufatmif aoG;&rnfh "m;aoG;ausmufyrm jzpfavonf/
13/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,ckacwftcgü orm"dxlaxmif&ef rvdk? 0dyóem½IvQif
udpöNyD;onf[k ajymqdkwwfrIrsdK;onf trSm;pifppfomjzpfonf? orm"drygvQif 0dyóemtom;

tpodkU
rwufaMumif; vufawGUtm;xkwfzl;olwdkif; odMuayonf? xkdUjyif orxESifh 0dyóemonf

bk&m;a[mr[kwf? r*¾opömwGif yg0ifaom or®morm"dESifh or®m'd|dudk csJUum;zefwD;xm;jcif;rQom
jzpfonf[laom tjrifrsdK;onfvnf; Ak'ömoemawmfudkzsufqD;onfh tjrifrsdK;om jzpfayonf?
a0ae,sowå0gwdkU\ b0xGufajrmufvrf;udk ydwfqD;umuG,faom "r®tEÅ&m,fwpfrsdK;yif jzpfavonf/

wpfqifhxuf wpfqifh jrifhaom usifhpOf
14/ r[mork'´&monf urf;pyfü euf½dIif;onf r[kwfay? urf;pyfrStwGif;ydkif;odkU
wjznf;jznf;om eufíeufí oGm;avonf? Ak'ömoemhusifhpOfrsm;onfvnf; r[mork'´&muJhodkUyif
vG,f&mrS cufç wdrf&mrS eufíom oGm;avonf/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh pí usifhvQifusifhcsif;
t&[wåzdkvfayguf edAÁmefodkU a&mufíoGm;onf r[kwfay? yxrOD;pGm or®m0gpm or®mur®EÅ or®mtmZD0
[laom oDvr*¾ifwdkUudk trSefwu,fjynfhpHkatmif yGm;rsm;&rnf? xkdUaemuf or®m0g,mr or®mowd
or®morm"d[laom orm"dr*¾ifwdkUudk owdy|mef paom usifhvrf; MuHvrf;trSefwdkUjzifh xlaxmif&rnf?
þodkU oDvESifh orm"dudk cdkifcdkifBuD; tajccHNyD;rSor®m'd|d or®mouFyÜ [laom ynmr*¾ifudk
qGwfvSrf;&ayonf? þuJhodkU oDvç orm"dç ynmudk yGm;rsm;&mwGif yk*¾dKvf\ yg&rDtvdkuf taES;
tjref½Sdavonf? vufawGUusifhMuHtm;xkwfí w&m;xl;&aomtcg xdkodu©moHk;yg;onf
jynfh0pHkvifoGm;aMumif; O'gef;ygVdawmf Oaygoxokwfü a[mMum;awmfrlxm;ayonf/

&wempk&m omoem
15/ bk&m;½Sif\ tqHk;trawmfudk vdkufemusifhoHk;&mü vlwdkU\ tajccHyg&rD tEkt&ifhtvdkuf
p½dkuf0goemESifh eD;pyfoifhavsmf rSefuefygrS rkcstusdK;½SdEdkifaMumif; xdkO'gef;ygVdawmfüyif qufvuf
a[mxm;ayonf? vlonf ÓPfwdrfolç ÓPfeufeJolç ÓPfynm tv,ftvwf½Sdol[lí oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;
½SdEdkifonfjzpf&m rdrdynmÓPf tajccHyrmPESifhoifhjrwf vdkufzufaom usifhenf;MuHenf;wdkUudk
usifhoHk;rSomvQif vdktyfaomtusdK; NyD;pD;Edkifayonf/
16/ þtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmfjrwfonf &wemrsdK;pHk
wnf½Sdaom r[mork'´&mESifh wlnDonfhtaMumif;udk O'gef;ygVdawmfBuD;üyif awGU&ayonf? ork'´&mwGif;ü
ykvJ oEÅm aMumifrsuf½GJ c½koif; a½T aiG ywåjrm;eD ywåjrm;ajymuf paom &wemrsdK;pHk ½SdouJhodkU
omoemawmfüvnf; owdy|mefav;yg; or®yÜ"mefav;yg; £'¨dyg'fav;yg; £aÈíg;yg; Adkvfig;yg; aAmZÑif
7-yg; r*¾if&Spfyg;wnf;[laom tusifhjrwf &wemrsm; ½Sdayonf? ,if;usifhpOfrSefwdkUudk txufwGif
qdkcJhonfhtwdkif; aAm"dyu©d,w&m;[k qdk&ayonf/


tpodkU
&wem[lonf wpfrsdK;wnf; r[kwf

17/ avmuü &wemtrsdK;rsdK; &Sdonfhteuf a½Tudkom &wem[kvufcHí pdef aMumif eDvm
ponfwdkUudk &wemr[kwf[k jiif;qdkygvQif xdkvlrsdK;udk pdwfrESHUaomol[k qdkMuvdrfhrnf jzpfonf?
þenf;twl r*¾i½&Spfyg;udkom usifhpOfw&m;[kqdkNyD; tjcm;aom owdy|mef or®yÜ"mef paom
usifhpOfw&m;wdkUudkrl bk&m;a[mw&m; r[kwf[kqdkvQif xdkolrsdK;udk pdwfrrSefaomolç odkUwnf;r[kwf
Ak'ömoemawmfjrwfudk xdyg; ykwfcwfol [lí qdk&vdrfhrnf jzpfayonf? trSefum; txufü qdkcJhNyD;aom
o'¨g 0D&d, ponfh ]]0drkwådy&dygpeD,}} w&m;rsm;onfyifvQif £aÈíg;yg; Adkvfig;yg; ponf
jzpfaomaMumifh "r®pMumw&m;awmfESifh tewåvu©Pokwfavmufudkom uGuf,lNyD;
usefaomw&m;awmfwdkUudk jiif;y,frnfqdkvQif omoemawmf\ tEÅ&m,fom jzpfayvdrfhrnf/

a[mpOfw&m;rsm; (tEkykAÁduxm)
18/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vlyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ yg&rDtEkt&ifhudk t<uif;rJhodjrifawmfrlonfh
tm;avsmfpGm tdrf&mwnfaxmif vlYabmifüaeaom ynmEke,fao;onfh y&dwfowfrsm;tm;
w&m;a[m&mwGif a[mpOfw&m; (tEkykAÁduxm)udk a[mawmfrlavh½Sdayonf? þtaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í
t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf t|uedygwf O*¾okwfü O*¾ol<u,fu &[ef;wpfyg;tm; atmufygtwdkif;
avQmufxm;zl;avonf/
]]t½Sifbk&m; . . . wynfhawmfonf Munfñdkav;pm;aom pdwfxm;jzifh bk&m;½SifxH
csOf;uyfcJhygonf? bk&m;½Sifonf wynfhawmftm; tvª'geESifhpyfaom w&m;ç tusifhoDvESifh
pyfaomw&m;ç ewfjynfa&mufaMumif; aumif;aomw&m;ç umr*kPftm½HkwdkU\tay:ü
tjypfjrifzG,fw&m;ç xdkumr*kPftm½Hk ñTefAGufrS vGwfxGufap&ef usifhMuHyGm;rsm;&rnfhw&m;-
þodkUvQif tqifhqifhtm;jzifh w&m;udk a[mawmfrlygonf bk&m;/}}
19/ þ O*¾ol<u,fqdkolonfum; bk&m;½Sif oufawmfxif½Sm;½SdpOftcgu wpfOD; wpfOD;vQif
y&dwfowftjcHt&Hig;&mpD½Sdaom Oygoum½SpfOD;teuf wpfOD;yg0ifol jzpfayonf? usefaom
OygoumckESpfOD;rSm "r®duOygoumç 0domcOygoumç "r®'dEéOygoumç pdwåol<u,fç [wåutmV0uç
plVtemxydPfç r[mtemxydPfwdkU jzpfMuavonf/
20/ xdk vl0wfaMumif OygoumwdkUonf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUü ½Sdtyfaom
Oygoumt*Fg(7)yg;wdkUESifh trSefwu,f jynfhpHkMu\? Oygoumt*Fg(7)yg;[lonfwdkUrSm atmufygwdkYyif
jzpfaMumif; t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf owåuedygwfü a[mMum;xm;ayonf/
(1) &[ef;awmfrsm;udk rjywfrvyf zl;awGUjcif;?
(2) w&m;em&ef owdarhavsmhrI r½Sdjcif;?
(3) jrwfaom oDvü wnfjcif;?

tpodkU
(4) ax& e0 rZÑdr jzpfaom &[ef;awmfwdkUü MunfñdkrIrsm;jcif;ç

(5) xdyg;vdkaom pdwfç tjypf½Smvdkaom pdwf r½SdbJ w&m;emjcif;ç
(6) Ak'ömoemawmfrS wyg; tjcm;ü tvªcHxdkufol (udk;uG,fxdkufol)udk r½Smjcif;ç
(7) tjrwfwEdk; a½SUwef;wifí ûyvkyf&rnfhtrIrsdK;udk þomoemawmfüom ûyvkyfjcif;ç
þ 7-yg;wdkUaywnf;/
azmfjyyg Oygoumt*Fg(7)&yfwdkYwGif trSwf(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) t*Fg&yfwdkUonf txl;
ta&;BuD;aom t*Fg&yfrsm; jzpfMuayonf? omoemapmifh oDv0EÅ &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk
av;pm;Munfñdk ½dkaopGm w&m;em,ljcif;ç omoe"r®ESifh ywfoufí tar;ykpäm jyóemrsm;udk
ar;avQmufem,ljcif;onf w&m;tqifhtwef; txufwef;odkUwufvSrf;vdkaom Ak'¨bmom0if Oygoum
Oygodumrrsm;tzdkU r½Sdrjzpf ½Sd&rnfh t*Fg&yfrsm; jzpfayonf? <uif;aom t*FgESpf&yfonfvnf;
þtxufyg t*FgwdkUüyif tusHK;0ifNyD; jzpfoGm;avonf/

or®m'd|d[lonf tb,fenf;
21/ ]]or®m'd|d}}[laom pum;vHk;ü ]]'d|d}}[laom pum;vHk;onf tjrifç jrifjcif;yif jzpfonf?
odkUaomf þtjrifonfum; rsufpdjzifh jrifEdkifonfhtjrifrsdK; r[kwf? ynmÓPfjzifh jrifaom tjrifrsdK;
jzpfonf? 'd|d tjrif[laom pum;t& bmudkjrifonf qdkonfh tjrifcH&rnfhtcsuf ½Sd&rnfjzpfaMumif;
odEdkifayonf? ,if;uJhodkU jrif&rnfht&mESifh jrifyHk jrifenf;rSefuefrIudk ]]or®m}}[lí qdkayonf?
jrif&rnfht&mvnf; rrSefç jrifyHkjrifenf;vnf;rrSefygvQif or®mr[kwfbJ ¤if;\qefUusifbuf rdpäm
jzpfavonf? odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ]]or®m'd|d}} ESifh ]]rdpäm'd|d}} onf tvGefrwnfhaomobm0ESpf&yf
jzpfavonf? ]]or®m'd|d or®m'd|d}}[k qdkNyD; jrif&rnfht&mESifh jrifyHkjrifenf; rrSefruef jzpfaeyguvnf;
trSefwu,f or®m'd|dr[kwfbJ rdpäm'd|d jzpfaewwfayonf? þodkUrdpämtjrif jzpfaevQif ]]or®m'd|d}}[laom
a0g[m&onf tESpfom& r½SdbJ tvGefcsLcsmonfhuav;udk armifoHacsmif;[k ac:qdkxm;ouJhodkU
½kV§D(txifpGJ)pum;om jzpfayonf/
22/ þuJhodkU or®m'd|dESifh pyfvsOf;í rSm;,Gif;wdrf;apmif; cRwfacsmfr½Sdap&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
trSefjrif&rnfh t&mrsm;ESifh trSefjrifyHkjrifenf;wdkUudk txl;wvnf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhavonf?
rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf or®m'd|dokwf(1)ü jrif&rnfh trSefw&m;rsm;ESifh jrifyHkjrifenf;wdkUudk atmufygtwdkif;
a[mMum;xm;ayonf/
or®m'd|d-[lonfum; tukodkvfESifhukodkvf\ taMumif;&if;rlvç ukodkvfESifh ukodkvf\
taMumif;&if; rlvwdkUudk rSefuefpGmodjrifjcif;ç tm[m&\ taMumif;&if;ç tm[m&\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;ç
tm[m&csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkU a&mufapwwfaom tusifhrSefwdkUudk odjrifusifhMuHjcif;ç qif;&Jjcif;
trSefw&m;='ku©opöm? qif;&Jjcif;\taMumif; trSefw&m;=ork',opöm? qif;&J'ku©csKyfNidrf;jcif;

tpodkU
trSefw&m;=eda&m"opöm? xdkeda&m"opömodkU a&muf&ma&mufaMumif;jzpfaom tusifhw&m;=r*¾opömwdkUudk

odjrifjcif;ç þodkU rodao;vQif odatmiftm;xkwfjcif;ç tdkjcif;ESifhaojcif;ç xdktdkjcif;ESifh
aojcif;taMumif;w&m;? tdkjcif;ESifh aojcif;\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;w&m;? xdktdkrI aorI uif;rJh&m csKyfNidrf;&modkU
a&mufapwwfaom tusifhw&m;wdkUudk oabmaygufem;vnfjcif; odjrifjcif;wdkUonfum; rSefaomtjrif
ajzmifhaom tjrifwdkUjzpfayonf? xdkodkUaom or®m'd|d tjrifrsdK;½SdoljzpfvQif Ak'¨w&m;awmfrsm;udk
a0zefykwfcwfjcif;ç txGefUwufjcif; r½Sd? rwkefrvIyf wnfwnfNidrfNidrf ouf0if,HkMunfol jzpfvmayonf?
bk&m;½Sif tqHk;trudk tjynfht0 cH,lol jzpfvmayonf/
23/ wenf;tm;jzifh or®m'd|donf ur®óuwmor®m'd|dç 'o0w¬Kuor®m'd|d?
pwkopöor®m'd|d[lí (3)rsdK;½Sdavonf? xdk(3)rsdK;wdkUwGif owå0gwdkUonf rdrdwdkU ûyvkyfaom ukodkvf
tukodkvfuHonfomvQif udk,fydkifOpöm ½SdMuukef\? uHomvQif trdç uHomvQiftz jzpfMuukef\? uH\
aumif;arG qdk;arGudkom cHpHMu&ukef\? uHomvQiftaMumif;t&if; ½Sd\? uHomvQif aqGrsdK; jzpf\?
uHomvQif udk;uG,f&m tm;xm;&m jzpf\? rnfolrqdk rnfolrûy rdrdrIqdkonfhtwdkif; rdrdûyvkyfaomuH\
aumif;arG qdk;arGudk rcRwf{uef cH&rnf[k jrifaom tjrifrsdK;onf or®m'd|d(rSefaom tjrif) jzpfayonf?
þwGif owå0gwdkUûyvkyfaom uHw&m;onf tjrifcH&rnfhw&m; jzpf\? xdkuH\ tpGrf;owåd½SdyHkudk
jrifjcif;onf rSefuefaom jrifyHk jrifenf; jzpfayonf/
24/ 'o0w¬Kuor®m'd|dqdk&mü rSefrSefuefuef jrif&rnfh tcsufq,f&yfudk azmfjyjcif; jzpfonf?
,if; tcsufq,f&yftay: rSefuefaomjrifyHk jrifenf;ESifh qufpyfí þodkU odrSwftyf\? ay;vªrIç
tylaZmfBuD; ylaZmfrIç omrnylaZmfrIç okp½dkuf'kp½dkuf ûyvkyfrI\ tusdK;&if;tusdK;qufç rdbudk
ûypkvkyfauR;rI\ tusdK;ç i&J Nydwåm ewfodMum; jA[®m paom Oyywfowå0grsm;ç ypöKyÜefb0ç wrvGefb0ç
þb0ç aemufb0wdkUudk xl;aomÓPfjzifhodí a[mMum;Edkifaom olawmfaumif; &[ef;ykPÖm;rsm; ½SdrI?
þq,fcsufonf ÓPfjzifh jrif&rnfh jrifuGif;jrifuGufq,fcsuf jzpfavonf? þjrifuGif;
jrifuGufrsm;tay:ü tusdK;½Sdonfç {uef½Sdonf[k jrifvQif xdktjrifonf or®m'd|d=rSefaomtjrif jzpfonf?
qdkvdkonfrSm tvª vªjcif;\ tusdK;½Sdonfç ukodkvf tukodkvfuH\tusdK;&if; tusdK;quf ½Sdonf
ponfjzifh jrifjcif;rsdK;udk qdkvdkonf/
25/ qdkcJhNyD; 'o0w¬Ku jrifuGif;jrifuGuf q,frsdK;onf ÓPfynmjzifhomjrifEdkifaom
tcsufrsm; jzpfonf? yuwdrsufpdjzifh jrifEdkifaomtcsufrsdK; r[kwfay? odkUjzpfí yuwdrsufpdjzifh
rjrif&onfhtwGuf tusdK;r½Sdç rkcsr½Sd[k ,lqvQif rdpäm'd|d=rSm;aomtjrif jzpfayonf?
jrifp&mum;twlwlyif jzpfonf? jrifyHkjrifenf;udk vdkufí or®mESifhrdpäm uGJjym;oGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;
txl;owdcsyftyfayonf? tvª\tusdK; ½Sd\ ponfjzifh jrifjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifh or®m'd|d
jzpf&oenf;qdkaomf obm0usaomaMumifh jzpfonf? obm0tm;jzifh tusdK;½SdaeaomaMumifhjzpfonf?
tvª\tusdK; r½Sd ponfjzifh jrifjcif;onf tb,fhaMumifh rdpäm'd|d jzpf&oenf;qdkaomf

tpodkU
obm0rusaomaMumihfç obm0ESifh vGJacsmfaeaomaMumifh jzpfonf? ½Sdygvsuf r½Sd[k xifjcif;onfom

trSm;pifppfjzpfayonf/
26/ pwkopöor®m'd|dqdk&mü ½kyfemrf"r®[laom Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;ç wPSm avmb
½kyfemrf"r®wdkU\ csKyfNidrf;rIç xdkcsKyfNidrf;rIudk &½Sd&ef usifhvrf;MuHvrf;? þtcsufav;&yfonf jrif&rnfh
tcsufav;&yf jzpfonf? odkUjzpfí jrifyHkjrifenf;ESifh pyfvsOf;íum; Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;onf trSefpifppf
'ku©w&m;jzpfí 'ku©[k jrifrSom or®m'd|d(tjrifrSef) jzpfayonf? 'ku©[k rjrifç okc[k jrifvQif
obm0rusonfhtwGuf rdpäm'd|d=rSm;aomtjrif jzpfayonf? xdkenf;wl wPSmonf 'ku©udk
jzpfapwwfaom taMumif;rSef jzpfí taMumif;rSef jzpfaMumif; jrifvQif ork',opömjzpfí rSefaomtjrif
jzpfayonf? xdkenf;twl eda&m"opömESifh r*¾opöwdkUudkvnf; odtyfayonf/
27/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh or®m'd|dudk avmuDor®m'd|dç aAm"dyu©d,or®m'd|d[kESpfrsdK; cGJjcm;tyf\?
rdrdûyaom ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHonfom b0oHo&mü tpOfygaom udk,fydkifOpöm rSefacsonf[k
jrifaomtjrifrSefonf avmuDor®m'd|d jzpfayonf? y#dpöorkyÜg'fESifhwuG cE¨mç tm,weç
tewåobm0wdkUudkjrifaom tjrifonf aAm"dyu©d,or®m'd|d rnfayonf/

or®m'd|d tjrifrSeft,lrSefjzpfatmifvkyfenf;
28/ or®m'd|d tjrifrSefudk &½Sdatmif rnfuJhodkU ½SmazG&yHkudk rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf?
r[ma0'v’okwfü jrwfpGmbk&m; enf;ay;awmfrlxm;ayonf/
or®m'd|dtjrifrSefudk &vdkolonf-
(1) obm0"r®wdkUudk odMum;em;vnfolç tjrifrSef½Sdolç todpHkolwdkUxH aumif;pGm csOf;uyfí
emcH rSwfom;jcif;ç (þodkUemcHrSwfom;onfudk ]]y&awm aCmo}}[lí ac:ayonf/)
(2) aumif;rGefpGm emcH rSwfom;NyD;aom w&m;"r®wdkYudk toifhtavsmftm;jzifh
ESvHk;oGif;wwfjcif;ç (þonfudk ]]a,medaom reodum&}}[lí ac:onf/)
þ y&awmaCmoESifh a,medaomreodum&[laom taMumif;ESpfyg;onf or®m'd|d
xlaxmif&eftwGuf tajccHtaMumif; jzpfaMumif;od&ayonf/
tqdkyg taMumif;ESpf&yf r½SdvQif? 0g-csdKUwJhvQif or®m'd|d (tjrifrSef t,lrSef) rjzpfEdkif[k {uef
odtyfayonf/

tpodkU
or®m'd|dudk okawoevkyfí &aumif;oavm

29/ ,if; or®m'd|dudk toifhtwifhcH,ljcif;ç jyifqifrGrf;rHjcif;ç avhvmtm;xkwfjcif;ûyvQif
apwm0drkwåd[kac:aom udavomwdkUrS vGwfajrmufaMumif;jzpfaom orm"dudkvnf;aumif;? ynm0drkwåd[k
ac:aom udavomwdkUrSvGwfNyD;aom t&[wåzdkvfwnf;[laom tusdK;tmedoifudk vnf;aumif; rkcs
&½SdapEdkifayonf/
or®m'd|d tjrifrSefudk &½Sda&;twGuf jyifqifrGrf;rH ûy&mü t*Fg(5)&yf½Sdayonf? ¤if;wdkUrSm-
(1) oDvjzifh rGrf;rHjcif;ç
(2) okwjzifh rGrf;rHjcif;ç
(3) aqG;aEG;jcif; omupämjzifh rGrf;rHjcif;ç
(4) wnfMunfaom orxjzifh rGrf;rHjcif;ç
(5) 0dyóemjzifh rGrf;rHjcif;wdkU jzpfayonf/
þ or®m'd|d jzpfyGm;aMumif; t*Fg(5)&yfwdkUudk rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf r[ma0'v’okwfüyif
qufvuf a[mMum;xm;awmfrlavonf/
txufyg r[ma0'v’okwfawmft& bk&m;½Sif\ tqHk;trawmfudk aphikaocsmpGm
csifhcsdefMunfhrnfqdkvQif or®m'd|dudk okawoevkyfí r&aMumif; jywfjywfom;om; odjrif&rnf jzpfonf/
Ak'ömoemawmfü yg0ifaom ppfrSefaom or®m'd|dudk &vdkygrlum; ½dkaoav;jrwfpGm
w&m;em,ljcif;ç toifhtavsmftm;jzifh ESvHk;oGif;wwfjcif;jzifh &,l&ef jzpfayonf? or®m'd|djzpfa&;twGuf
w&m;emMum;rI [laom y&awmaCmoç ,xmblwusus ESvHk;oGif; qifjcifwwfrI[laom
a,medaomreodum& þtcsufESpf&yfESifh jynfhpHk&ef vdktyfaMumif;od&ayonf? þwGif ta&;BuD;aom
tcsufwpf&yfudk owdûy&ayrnf? ,if;um; q&maumif;q&mrSef &½Sda&;yif jzpfonf/
q&maumif;q&mrSefxHrS w&m;rSefudk rMum;rem&vQif teuf t"dyÜm,f vGJacsmfrSwfom;rdEdkifonf?
teuft"dyÜm,f cRwfacsmfwdrf;,drf;aeygvQif toifhtavsmftm;jzifh pOf;pm;EdIif;csdefEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfay?
xkdUaMumifh þokwfawmfü a[mawmfrltyfaom or®m'd|djzpfaMumif; t*FgESpf&yfwGif y&wmaCmo
(q&maumif;q&mrSefxHrS w&m;emcGifh &&Sda&;) onf tvGefwpf&m ta&;BuD;vSaMumif; xif&Sm;ayonf?
q&mrrSefvQif or®m'd|dtoHay;í rdpäm'd|dw&m;rsm;udkom a[maernf jzpfayonf? xdktcg xdkodkUaom
q&mrsdK;udk uHraumif; taMumif;rvSojzifh qnf;uyfrdolrsm;twGuf ]]trSDraumif;? ,SOfrdaygif;u?
tavmif;wdkUvsuf? usifhaumif;ysuf\}}[laom pum;uJhodkU qHk;½IH;epfemrIBuD;pGm jzpfMu&½Smayvdrfhrnf/

tpodkU
rdpäm'd|dokawoe
30/ þuJhodkU or®m'd|dqdkae&if;u tESpfom& txnfudk,ftm;jzifh or®m'd|d r[kwfbJ rdpäm'd|d
jzpfaeyHkESifh ywfoufí jzpfawwfaom rdpäm'd|drsm;taMumif;udk "r®tarGb@mwdkufxJrS tenf;i,f xkwfí
jyayOD;tHh/
jrwfAk'¨½Sifawmfbk&m;onf or®m'd|d jzpfyHkjzpfenf;omru rdpäm'd|djzpfyHkjzpfenf;rsm;udkvnf;
jynfhjynfhpHkpHk xkwfazmf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf? or®m'd|dbufü t<uif;tusef r½Sd? trSefw&m;tm;vHk;udk
azmfxkwf ay;awmfrlxm;ouJhodkU rdpäm'd|dbufüvnf; trSm;[lorQ wpfckrQ rusef&atmif tukef
zGifhjyxm;awmfrlcJhonf? Ak'ÿd#uwfawmfü rdpäm'd|dtm;vHk;udkzGifhjyxm;aom w&m;a'oemawmfonfum;
'DCedum,f oDvu©E¨0*fvm jA[®Zmvokwfawmfyif jzpfavonf? jA[®Zmvokwfü rdpäm'd|daygif; 62-
rsdK;udk xkwfjyawmfrlxm;\? ,if;rdpäm'd|d 62-rsdK;wdkUum;- oów0g' (4)rsdK;? {upöoów0g' (4)rsdK;?
tEÅmeEÅ0g' (4)rsdK;? tr&m0dau©y0g' (4)rsdK;? t"dpöorkyÜEé0g' (2)rsdK;? onD0g' (16)rsdK;? tonD0g'
(8)rsdK;? ae0onD emonD0g' (8)rsdK;? Oapä'0g' (7)rsdK;ESifh 'd|"r®edAÁme0g' (5)rsdK;? pkpkaygif; (62)rsdK;
jzpfavonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf urÇmavmuwGif ½Sd½SdorQ rdpäm'd|dtm;vHk; þjA[®Zmvokwfü yg0ifyHkudk
Oyrmaqmifí azmfjyawmfrlcJhonf? uRrf;usifaom uGefypform;onf a&uefi,fwpfuefvHk; vTrf;ûcHrdatmif
uGefudk ypfvdkufaomtcg a&uefwGif;½SdorQ ig;wdkUonf uGeftkyfrdjcif;udk cHaeMu&í ul;vQifvnf;
þuGefxJrSmyif ul;Mu&onf? ikyfvQif ay:vQifvnf; þuGefxJrSmom ikyf&ay:&onf? uGefrS
rvGwfEdkifMuacs? þOyrmuJhodkUyif urÇmavmutwGif;½Sd rdpämt,l rSeforQonf þjA[®Zmvokwf
w&m;awmfxJü tusHK;0ifonfom jzpfonf? jA[®Zmvokwfvm rdpämt,lrS vGwfaom rdpäm'd|d[lí
r½SdaMumif; wdusjywfom;pGm a[mawmfrlcJhayonf/
þjA[®Zmvokwfvm rdpämt,lwdkUudk tenf;i,fazmfjy&aomf-
oów'd|d av;rsdK;teuf MuHpnfpl;prf;rIrQjzifh twåESifh avmuonf jrJ\? edpöw&m;[k ,laom
oów'd|dwpfrsdK; yg½Sd\? {upöoów av;0g'wGif MuHpnfpl;prf;rIjzifh ½kyfrjrJ emrfrjrJ (tcsdKUjrJ
tcsdKUrjrJ)[k ,laom {upöoów'd|dwpfrsdK; yg½Sd\? t"dpöorkyÜEéac: taMumif;r½Sd ESpf0g'wGif
MuHpnfpl;prf;rIjzifh twåESifhavmuonf bmtaMumif;rQ r½Sd? (twdwfb0 ponf r½Sd) olU[mol
jzpfvmonf[k ,laomt,l yg½Sd\/
'D0g' (16)rsdK;wGif ½kyfonf aoNyD;onfhaemuf rysufpD;[k ,laom t,l0g'wpfrsdK; yg½Sd\?
Oapä''d|d(7)rsdK;wGif r[mbkwf½kyfav;yg; tpkta0;onf aoNyD; jywf\? (aemufb0 r½Sd) [laom t,l
yg½Sd\? 'd|"r®0g' (5)rsdK;wGif vuf½Sdb0ü tm½kHig;yg; umr*kPfw&m;wdkUudk cHpm;EdkiforQ cHpm;rIonfom
rSef\[k ,laom t,lESpfrsdK; yg½Sd\/

tpodkU
xdkrdpäm'd|dwdkUESifh ywfoufí tusdK;tjypfudk pdppfa0zefjy&mwGif xdkrdpäm0g'&SifwdkUonf

rdrdwdkUt,ludk ESpfûcduf0rf;omonfh a0'emudk cHpm;Mu\? trSefudk rodMuonfhtwGuf
t0dZÆmESifhwPSmonf olwdkUudk yl;owfaeMu\? olwdkU\ a0'emonf rdpämtm½kHudk awGUxdrIzóaMumifh
jzpf&\? xdkolwdkUonf zóaMumifh 'Gg&(6)yg;wdkUwGif awGUxd cHpm;Muukef\? xkdUaMumifh
xdkrdpäm0g'½SifwdkUonf a0'emç wPSmç Oyg'gefç b0ç Zmwdç Z&mç Asm"dç r&Pç aomuç y&da'0ç 'ku©ç
a'greó[laom oHom&'ku©wdkUudk tawmrowf cHpm;oGm;Mu&½Smavonf? olwdkUonfum;
oHo&m0#ftwGif;wpfavQmufrSm u½Gwfuif;avQmuf xm0& usifvnfaeMu&awmhonf? þuJhodkU
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a0zefjyawmfrlonf/
xdk 62-yg;aom rdpäm'd|dwdkU\ abmiftwGif;rSm ay:aygufaom rdpämt,lrsm;vnf; ½Sdao;\?
¤if;wdkUonfum; uHwnf;[laom taMumif;w&m;udky,faom tud&d,'d|d? ukodkvfuHç tukodkvfuH\
tusdK;w&m;r½Sd[k tusdK;udk y,faom ew¬du'd|d? uH-uH\ tusdK;ESpfyg;pHkudk y,foaom ta[wku'd|dwdkU
jzpfayonf? þ'd|dwdkUonf txufü azmfjycJhaom 'o0w¬Ku or®m'd|dqdkif&m tcsuf(10)csufay:ü
arSmufarSmufrSm;rSm; jrifaomtm;jzifh jzpfay:vmaom rdpäm'd|dwdkU jzpfayonf/
rdpäm'd|dESifh ywfoufí jrwfpGmbk&m; rSwfcsufcs a[mMum;xm;aom pum;awmfonf
t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf {u*Fkwå&tydkif;ü xif½Sm;pGm yg½Sdavonf? jrwfpGmbk&m;pum;awmfum; þodkUwnf;-
em[H bdu©a0 tnH {u"r®rÜd orEkyómrd? ,H {0H r[mom0ZÆH? ,x,d'H bdu©a0
rdpäm'd|d? rdpäm'd|dy&rmed bdu©a0 r[mom0ZÆmed?
&[ef;wdkU . . . rdpäm'd|davmuf tjypfBuD;av;vSaom wjcm;aom w&m;wpfpHkwpf&mudkrQ igbk&m;
jrifawmfrrl? cspfom;wdkU . . . rdpäm'd|donf twdkif;xuftvGef tjypfrsm;jym;vSayonf/
xkdUjyif rdpäm'd|dyk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf ay:aygufvmvQif xdkrdpäm'd|dyk*¾dKvfonf vltaygif;wdkUudk
olawmfaumif;w&m;rS y,f½Sm;NyD; ol,kwfrmw&m;üwnfapyHk ponfudkvnf; a[mMum;awmfrlayonf/
þbk&m;½Sif\ rdefUawmfoHudk odjrifaom ynm½SdwdkUonf rdpäm'd|d (tjrifrSm;rI)udk
txl;a½SmifMuOfMuavonf/

tpodkU
0depä,q&mawmfwdkU\ aqmif½Gufcsuf
31/ þ 0depä,udk ûypkMuaom EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)q&mawmfrsm;onf
EdkifiHawmfwpf0ef;vHk;½Sd wpfodef;ausmf oHCmawmfwdkU\ udk,fpm; rdrdwdkUtay: usa&mufaeaom omoemûy
wm0ef0wå&m;udk xrf;aqmifMu&olrsm; jzpfayonf? 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rsm; Nidrf;at;oGm;ap&ef
qHk;jzwfay;&rnfh udpöü qE´ a'go b, arm[[laom t*wdw&m;av;yg; uif;pifa&;udk txl;
owdcsyfcJhMuayonf/
cspfojzifh vdkvm;ojzifh t*wdvdkufjcif;ç rkef;wD;ojzifh t*wdvdkufjcif;ç aMumuf½GHU pdk;&drfojzifh
t*wdvdkufjcif;ç trSefudk rodojzifh t*wdvdkufjcif; [laom trSm;wdkUudk a½Smif½Sm;&mü
Ak'ömoemawmfjrwftwGuf aoa&;½Sifa&;wrQ tvGefUtvGef ta&;BuD;vSaom udpöwpf&yfjzpfí
rnfolukdrQ rvdkvm;ç rnfolUukdrQ arwåmrysufç rnfoludkrQ raMumufbJ arm[m*wdwnf;[laom
rodrItpGef; vGwfatmifom txl;owdxm; aqmif½GufMuayonf/
þuJhodkU BuD;av;vSaom omoemhwm0efudk xrf;aqmif&mü jrwfpGmbk&m;\ a½TrsufESmawmf
wpfckwnf;udkomMunfhí qHk;jzwfcsrSwf&rnfudk aumif;pGm ESvHk;ydkufrdMuonf? xkdUjyif rl;,pfaom
olrsm;onf trl;t,pf ajyaysmufaomtcg csrf;omjcif;odkU a&mufouJhodkU tjrifrSm; t,lrSm;
aeaomolwdkUonf tjrifrSefa&mufí csrf;omMuygap [laom arwåm apwemudkvnf; xm;½SdMuayonf/
,ck þ½kH;awmfü pGJqdkxm;aom vlaovljzpfrIESifh ,if;\ oufqdkif&m0g'wdkUESifh pyfvsOf;í
apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu apm'em(21)csufudk ap'emMuonfqdkaomfvnf; trSefpifppf 21-csuf ruay?
vdar®mfoD;wpfvHk;wGif trTmrsm;pGm yg0ifouJhodkU apm'emwpfckwGif tcsuftvufaygif; ajrmufrsm;pGm
yg0ifaeonfudk awGU&ayonf? tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifhyg0ifaom apm'emcsufaygif; (240)ausmf ½Sdayonf/
þrQ us,fjyefU rsm;jym;vSaom pGJcsufwdkUudk r<uif;rusef yg0ifEdkifa&;ç bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkawmfus
wnfhrwf rSefuefpGm qHk;jzwf csrSwfay;Edkifa&;wdkUtwGuf 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkUonf þ urÇmat;ü
0gqdkNyD; (4)vrQtcsdef,lvsuf us,fus,fjyefUjyefU jynfhjynfhpHkpHk oHk;oyf½IjrifcJhMu&ayonf/
edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk t|uxm #DumESifhwuG tjyefjyeftvSefvSef oHk;oyfqifjcifjcif;ç
q&mpOfquf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk oHk;oyfjcif; ponfjzifh vpf[if;rI r½Sdatmif aeUrtm; nrtm;
êud;pm;pdppfcJhMuayonf? xdkodkU pdppf&mü apm'em aom"emESifh ywfoufí usrf;aygif; 200-ausmf
okwfaygif; 500-ausmfudk toHk;ûyum n§dEdIif;wdkufqdkif pdppfcJhMuayonf/
xkdUjyif tcsdKUt&mü trsm; oHo,uif;½Sif;ap&ef ajrmufydkif;Ak'¨bmomusrf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;
avmuDusrf; tqdktrdefUrsm;udkvnf; tenf;i,f,lí ajz½Sif; pdppfxm;ayonf? odkU&mwGif 0depä,
csrSwfaomtcgwGifum; ax&0g'yd#uwf usrf;pmrsm;t&om qHk;jzwfcsuf csrnfjzpfayonf/
þuJhodkU trIudk udkifwG,f&mwGif t"du½kPf;jzpf&m 0g'a&;&mudkom t"duxm;NyD; apm'ubuf
pk'dwubuf ESpfbufvHk;udk rQrQww Munfh½IoHk;oyfcJhayonf? pk'dwuwdkUbufrS t,ltqa&;&mESifh

tpodkU
ywfoufívnf;aumif;? acsyaom aom"emcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufívnf;aumif; rSefvQif

rSefonfhtavQmuf vufcH&ef toifh½SdcJhMuayonf? rrSefvQifvnf; rnfonfhbufu rrSefonf jzpfap
bk&m;½Sif\ rsufESmawmfudkom Munfhí rrSefaMumif; qHk;jzwf&ef wdusjywfom;aom t"d|mef ½Sdayonf/
þuJhodkU 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf wnfMunfajzmifhrwfaom pdwfudk xm;½SdNyD;
yd#uwfusrf;*eft& tcsdef vHkvHkavmufavmuf,lí apm'em aom"emwdkUudk pdppfjcif;tm;jzifh
ygoifhygxdkufaom tcsuftvuftajctaersm; pHkvifpGm yg½Sdapvsuf þvlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'0depä,udk
csrSwfawmfrlMurnf jzpfonf/
ykxkZOfwdkU oabmonfum; oE´d|dy&mrmodwm-rdrdtjrifudk vGJrSm;pGm oHk;oyfjcif;ç
tm"me*¾g[dwm-rdrdt,lrS rSefonf[k pGJjrJpGm ,ljcif;ç 'kyÜ#dedó*¾dwm-rpGefUvTwfEdkifavmufatmif
qkyfudkifxm;jcif;rsm; ½Sdwwfayonf/
odkU&mwGif b,folrûy rdrdrI [laom pum;&yfuJhodkU aumif;rIudk ûyvQif aumif;usdK; &½Sdjcif;
raumif;rIudk ûyvQif raumif;usdK;udk &½dSjcif;onf Mum;vl rnfol wpfOD;wpfa,mufESifhrQ roufqdkif?
rdrdtrI rdrdomvQif pD&ifjcif;jzpfaMumif; toifhtwifh ESvHk;oGif;EdkifvQif olawmfaumif;oabmodkU
oufa&mufayvdrfhrnf/
þ0depä,onfum; 0d0g'g"du½kPf; ajyNidrf;apa&;twGuf "r®0de,ESifhtnD 0g'rSef
ay:xGufa&;udkom pl;pdkufaqmif½Gufxm;jcif; jzpfayonf/

tpodkU

tydkif;(5)
bmomrJh ½kyf0g'DESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
vlaovlNzpf 0dedpä,
31-bHky,f 0dedpä,
uH uH\tusdK;udk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
twdwftem*wfb0wdkUudk y,fNcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä,
tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k qdkNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
qHk;Nzwfcsuf trSwf(20)
oH*g,em 6-wefudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif a[maNymNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
oAÁñkwÓPfudk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä,
orx0dyóemudk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
0denf;w&m;udk ypfy,fNcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä,
oHCmudk ykwfcwfNcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä,
y&dwf½GwfNcif;udk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä,
"mwfawmfarGawmfponfudk y,fNcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä,
Ak'¨bmom,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHy,fNcif; 0dedpä,
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ ukodkvfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udky,fNcif; 0dedpä,

tpodkU

Oyg'gefESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
t&d,mESifh edAÁmefudk Nyifqifa&;om;Ncif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä,
"r®pMumvufopfESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä,
vufNzpfygVdtrSm;rsm;Nzifh vdrfnma&;om;Ncif; 0dedpä,
Ak'¨\ NzpfawmfpOf Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk rxDrJhNrifûyNcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm; xkwfy,f zsufqD;Ncif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
5-21/ aygif;½Hk;oHk;oyfcsuf (aumufcsuf)
edAÁmefvrf;r aysmufuG,furl
Ak'ömoem? þokH;jzmwGif
a'oemyd#uwf? touf"mwfwnf;
touf"mwfom? ysufa<uygrl
ESpfjzm ywf a0? aoBuD;aovdrfh
a'oemawmfenf;? zsufqD;apmfum;
rsm;jym;vlaygif;? ysufapaMumif;wkdUukd
pkaygif;vkyfMu? tm;xkwfMuonfh
t"r®ab;&ef? Nidrf;atmifBuHrS
okH;wefomoem? wnfNrJumjzifh
usifh&my#dywf? tusifh"mwfaMumifh
jrifhjrwfr*fzkdvf? edAÁmefukd? tvkd&Sdol
&vdrfhrnf .....
(rpdk;&drfpmoifom;)

tpodkU
vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä, qHk;jzwfcsuf

apm'emtrSwf(1)
bmomrJh ½kyf0g'DESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
bmomrJh ½kyf0g'DESifhpyfaom apm'em aom"em 2-&yfudk 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;\ a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf/
1/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkU\ bmomrJh ½kyf0g'DwdkU
jzpfyHkudk atmufyg taxmuftxm;rsm; wifjyí apm'emMuonf/
(u) ]]'DaeU Ak'¨bmomqdkwJh vlpm;awGrSm bdef;eJU bdef;pm;vdk jzpfaeMuNyDudk;? bdef;qdkwm
rpm;cifwHk;uawmh tvum;aygh? rpGJygbl;? bdef;r½I rpm;&vdkU bmrQ rjzpfao;ygbl;? tJ
bdef;uav; enf;enf;0ifNyD; pGJvmNyDqdkawmh 'Dbdef;uvGJvdkY wjcm;bmrSvJ rvdkcsifbl;ç
rMum;vJ rMum;csifbl;? bdef;qdkwJh bdef;yJ pGJawmhwmyJ? om;r,m;awmif bdef;avmuf
rrufawmhbl;? tckvnf; 'dkUwpfawGrSm bdef;pGJaewJh bdef;pm;awG bdef;jzwfcdkif;ovdk
jzpfaeNyD? [dk uGefjrLepfrsm;u bmom[m bdef;yJvdkU ajymwm aoaocsmcsm awG;awmh
wu,frSefwmudk; 'umBuD;&JU}}
(twGJ-1? trSwf-8? opöm"r®a&;&mpmapmif? OD;Ouú|a[maom "r®pMumrS)
(c) ]]trSefrSm ûyvkyfol(um&u)onf ½kyfwHk; ½kyfcJ tppf rkcs jzpf\? odkUjzpfvQif
cHpm;ol(a0'u)aum bmoabm jzpf&rnfenf;? ¤if;vnf; ½kyfobm0yif {uEÅ
jzpf&ayrnf}} (vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm-56 rS)
(*) ]]½kyfonf tajccHjzpfí a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmOfwdkUonf ½kyfudk rSD&m wnf&mxm;í
jzpfay:vmaom tusdK;w&m; 0g-tcdk;owåd (0g) ½kyf\ t[kefrQom jzpfayonf}}/
(OD;udkudkav;a&; oHk;q,fhwpfbHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcHpmtkyf? ESm-202 rS)
(C) ]]tcsdKUu t½Sifbk&m;[m ½kyfudkom a[maew,f? pdwfuav;udk vkyftHk;rSaygheJU
ajymaew,f? usKyfwdkU 'umrBuD;awGu aumif;ygNyD pdwfuav;udk vkyf&atmif
b,frvJawmhvdkU jyefar;vdkufMu&r,f? tvkyfvkyfqdkwm wu,f½SdwJh ½kyfudk
aumif;atmif tvkyfvkyfMu&rSmyJ? pdwfudk aumif;atmifvkyfvdkU r&ygbl;}}
(OD;Ouú|\ tdka,m*D oifb,fqDoGm;rvJ? ESm-80? 81 rS)
(i) ]]emrfonf bmvJqdkOD;? þ blw"mwfwdkU\ owådyif jzpfaejyefonf? taMumif;rlum;
avESifh awaZm awGUvQif ]]tm;touf}}[líjzpfaomowådonf ½kyfobm0\
yifudkvu©PmaMumifhyif jzpfonf? xdk 0ga,mESifh awaZmwdkUonf rnfonfh"mwfpif
y&rmtEkjrLwGifrS oD;jcm; uif;vGwfpGm r½Sd? y tm 0g aw wdkUrSm
tpOfwGJpyfaeaomaMumifh jzpfonf? odkUjzpf&m blwj'Afpif rlvy&rmPkjrL obm0txd

tpodkU
tqifhqifh tuJcwfavhvmaomtcg þblw½kyfwdkUyif ½kyf[kvnf;aumif;

emrf[kvnf;aumif; ponfjzifh jzpfaeaomaMumifh tm;vHk; ½kyfobm0 tajccHcsnf;
jzpfaeonfudk awGU&ayonf/}}
(ocifjrwfqdkif\ Ak'¨0dyóem yxrwGJ? ESm-84? 85 rS)
(p) ]]½kyfemrf 2-ckrSm wpfckESifhwpfck ruGJay? y&rwfyx0Dç y&rwftmaygç y&rwf0ga,mç
y&rwfawaZmwdkUrSm tjrJtwl tajy;wnDwnf; ½kyfvnf; emrfç emrfonfyif ½kyftjzpf
'GefwGJum tpOftwl jzpfysufaeonfudk awGUjrifrSom csufcsif; jzpfonfudk
jzpfrSef;odonf/}} (ocifjrwfqdkif\ Ak'¨0dyóem yxrwGJ? ESm-103 rS)
ap'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf þaumufEIwfcsufrsm;udk azmfjyí OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkUonf jrwfAk'¨
rSefuefpGm a[mMum;xm;aom emrfw&m;rsdK;udk todtrSwf rûyMubJ olwdkU\ ½kyfMurf;0g'D
q&mYq&mBuD;rsm;\aemufodkU aumufaumufygatmifvdkufum Ak'¨tbd"r®momoemudk ausmcdkif;olrsm;
jzpfaMumif; wifjyMuonf/
2/ wpfzef 0daooapm'emü ]]ur®ó um&aum ew¬dç 0dyguóp a0'aum}}
paom*gxmudk rdrdwdkU\ ½kyf0g'ESifh udkufnDatmif vdk&mqGJí ûyvkyfol um&uç cHpm;ol a0'uwdkUonf
½kyfwHk; ½kyfcJ jzpf\ [k qdkxm;yHkç ,if;t,lonf ouúm,'d|dom jzpfí t"r®0g' jzpfaMumif;? ½kyfvnf;
emrfç emrfvnf; ½kyf[laom tcsufç emrfonf ½kyf\ tcdk;owådç ½kyf\ t[kef[laom pum;onf
yd#uwfusrf;*efESifh rnDaom pum;omjzpfaMumif; 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmudk udk;um;í wifjyoGm;Muonf/
3/ xkdUjyif bmomonf bdef;ESifh rwlyHk? &wemoHk;yg;tay:ü ouf0ifrIonf o'¨gw&m;om
jzpfí ,HkMunfrI tpGJ r[kwfyHk? xufoefaom ,HkMunfrIç oefU½Sif;aom o'¨gw&m;om jzpfaMumif;
t*¾yom'okwfudk udk;um;ívnf;aumif;? bdef;onf pGJvmaomtcg tusdK;rJhudk jzpfapwwfaomfvnf;
&wemoHk;yg; ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIrSmum; csrf;omokcudkom ay;wwfaMumif; r[memrokwfudk
udk;um;ívnf;aumif; wifjyMuNyD; Ak'¨bmomudk bdef;ESifhwlonf[k qdkjcif;onf omoemawmfudk
jypfrSm;vdkaom y'k|pdwfjzifh pGyfpGJjcif; jzpfí t"r®0g'om jzpfaMumif; apm'emMuonf/

pk'dwuwdkU\ acsycsuf
4/ pk'dwuwdkUwGif ocifjrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkUuom acsyajzqdkí
a½Ttbd"r®m OD;a½TjynfESifh OD;qE´m"du 2-OD;wdkUu racsyMuacs? A½S;OD;pGm ocifjrwfqdkifu bmomESifh
omoem pum; 2-&yfwGif bmomudky,fí omoemudk vufcHaMumif; atmufygtwdkif; acsqdkoGm;onf/
]]bmomqdkaom pum;rSm xm0&bk&m;t,lrS qif;oufvmaom twå0g'tajccHjzpfí
omoem0iftaejzifh vufrcHyg bk&m;? ,ckvuf½Sd bmomqdkonfrSmum Ak'ä[mç jAm[®Pa[mç a0'a[m
ta[m 3-rsdK; pkaygif;um tm;vHk; yd#uwfwGif yg0ifaeaom tqdktrdefUrsm; jzpfMuygonf?

tpodkU
oHo&mvnfapwwfaom w&m;rsm;jzifh ½IyfaxG;aeygonf bk&m;? xkdUaMumifh bmom[laom t,ludk

vufrcHyg/ omoemwnf;[laom oHo&m0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS vGwfajrmuf&mç 'ku©Nidrf;&mç
udavomukefcef;&m w&m;rsm;udkom vufcHygonf bk&m;}}[k qdkum t*FkwådK&f wa,m"r®okwfudk
udk;um;wifjy acsyoGm;cJhayonf/
5/ or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkUu ]]apm'uq&mawmfwdkUonf bmomESifh omoem
ruGJaomaMumifh qwfqwfcg emusnf;um rSm;,Gif;pGm apm'emwifrdMuygonf? bmom[lonfrSm
(Religious) [laom pum;vHk;rS jzpfay:vmygonf}}[k qdkum ,if;pum;vHk;\ teuft"dyÜm,fudk
t*Fvdyftbd"mefusrf;vm-wdkuf½dkuftzGifhESifh tjcm;tqdk 8-rsdK;udk OD;Ouú|\ uyÜjyóemrS xkwfí
wifjyoGm;Muonf/
6/ txufyg apm'em aom"emwdkUESifh pyfvsOf;í---
(u) OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifç or®m'd|dokawoeokawoD qdkolwdkU\
0g'onf ½kyf0g' [kwf r[kwf?
(c) Ak'¨bmomonf bdef;ESifh wlonfqdkaom &DvD*sif;ac:aom bmoma&;rsdK; [kwf r[kwfESifh
OD;Ouú|onf Ak'¨bmomudk ykwfcwfjcif; [kwf r[kwf?
(*) tarQmf taMumufç i&JbHk ewfbHk ponfESifh ywfoufí yd#uwfpmayt&vnf;aumif;ç
avmuDynmrsm;t&vnf;aumif; od&rnfh tcsufrsm;ESifh?
(C) bmomESifh ywfoufí ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsyvTm aom"emcsufonf rSef rrSef?
(i) ½kyf0g'Drsm;onf Ak'¨bmom [kwf r[kwf? ½kyf0g'tjrifjzifh Ak'¨0g' Ak'¨"r®
Ak'ÿd#uwfawmfrsm;udk a0zefjcif;onf w&m; rw&m;?
þtcsufwdkUudk tav;xm;í oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfqHk;jzwfMurnf
jzpfayonf/
bmom[laom pum;vHk;ESifhpyfí pdppfcsuf

7/ pk'dwu or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkU xkwfjyoGm;aom (&DvD*sif;) bmom[laom
pum;vHk;\ teuft"dyÜm,frsm;rSm 20-&mpkESpf tpydkif; avmufu ajymcJhMu zGifhqdkcJhMuaom teufrsm;
jzpfí ,aeY 20-&mpkukefcgeD;umvü acwfrrDawmhay? ¤if;jyif pum;wpfvHk;\ teufudk zGifh&mü Literal
Meaning = pum;vHk;\ wdkuf½dkuf teufESifh Derivative Meaning = qifhyGm;teuf 2-rsdK;vHk;udk zGifhjyrS

jynfhpHkEdkifonf? wpfckckudkom qkyfudkifí qdkacsaomf trSm;odkU a&mufwwfayonf? ,ck pk'dwuwdkU
qdkcJhaom teufrsm;rSm rlvteufrsm; jzpfí acwftavsmuf qifhyGm;ajymif;vJvmaom teufrsm; rygbJ
<uif;usefaeayonf? xkdUaMumifh rjynfhpHkay/


tpodkU
8/ þae&mü vef'efom; Ak'¨0g'D ppfppfBuD; jzpfaom ygVdpmaytoif;BuD;\

twGif;a&;rI;jzpfaom uG,fvGefol Mr.Iggleden qdkol ynm½SifBuD;\ tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf; tzGifhed'gef;
a&;om;csufrS Religious [laom pum;vHk;\ acwfrDaom 0dû*d[f (0g) y&dbmomudk xkwfjyaytHh-

(A) The world Religion is derived from Latin Religionem and Relegere. The first is quite clear it
means; reverance to the gods, fear of god, conciousness of wrong, religious scruple. The
second though quite different, is equality clear, it means to gather together, to collect, to
ponder over to give heed, to observe, care for.

(u) Religious [laom pum;vHk;onf vmwifbmom Roligionem [laom yk'fç Relegere
[laom yk'frsm;rS qif;oufvmonf? yxrpum;vHk;onf t"dyÜm,f½Sif;onf?

qdkvdkonfrSm ewfrsm;udk ½dkaojcif;ç ewfbk&m;udk aMumuf½GHUjcif;ç rSm;,Gif;aom
udk;uG,frIESifh pyfonfh aMumuf½GHUxdwfvefUpdwf [lí jzpfayonf? 'kwd,pum;vHk;onf
t"dyÜm,f tawmfuGJjym;oGm;aomfvnf; ½Sif;ayonf? 'kwd,pum;vHk;\ teufrSm
twlwuG pkaygif;jcif;ç a½G;aumufjcif;ç awG;awmpOf;pm;jcif;ç *½kxm;jcif;ç
Munfh½IoHk;oyfjcif;ç owdûyjcif; [lí jzpfayonf/

(B) With two equally valid, yet so very different way of defining religion it is without doubt a
prectical thing to do to look at the Buddhist teaching on a comparative basis to see in
accordance with which definition it should be understood and as the outcome of that how its
study should be approached. What then can be said to define the characteristics of Buddhism
as a religion?

(c) wef;wlnDwl cdkifvHkoavmuf t"dyÜm,fjcm;em;vSaom &DvD*sif; 0dû*d[f 2-ckeJU pyfNyD;
EIdif;,SOfavhvmwJh tajccHrlt& rnfonfh0dû*d[fjzifh Ak'¨"r®udk em;vnf&rnf? ,if;\
tusdK;quftjzpf xdkAk'¨"r®udk b,fyHkb,fenf; avhvm&rnfqdkwmudk
½IjrifoHk;oyfjcif;[m yxrqHk;vufawGU vkyf&rnfhtcsuf jzpfw,fqdkwm oHo,½SdzG,f
rvdkyg? ,if;odkUjzpfvQif Ak'¨"r®\ vu©PmwdkUudk &DvD*sif;tjzpf 0dû*d[fûy&ef rnfodkU
qdkEdkifygoenf;/

(C) Buddhism is a religious system which is no way seeks to discuss a relationship existing
between mankind and a deity; rather it sets out to view the conditions existing both within
oneself and without examining the relationships between them seeking to observe and
comprehend in results the nature of the causes governing them and pointing to the way by
which the Tangle caused by ignorance may be unravelled and a stable atate attained, void of

tpodkU
conditioning influences. It seeks then to view clearly and with acute penetration all that is of
the mind and all that is of material qualities, and unclouded by ignorance, to see them as they
are in realith.

(*) Ak'¨"r®onf vlom;ESifh ewfjA[®mwdkUtMum;ü ½Sdaeaom tquftoG,fudk
rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ raqG;aEG;aom bmoma&; oabmw&m;wpfck jzpfonf? pifppfrS
owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ twGif;tjyifü ½Sdaeaom tajctaersm;udk ½IjrifoHk;oyfaom
,if;twGif;tjyifESpfckü ½Sdaeaom tquftoG,fudk pHkprf;ppfaq;aomç ,if;wdkUudk
tkyfpdk;jc,fvS,faeonfh taMumif;w&m;wdkU\ oabmoGm;udk tusdK;rSaeí
½IjrifoHk;oyfaomç t0dZÆm (rodem;rvnfrI)u zefwD;ay;vdkufonfh t½IyftaxG;udk
ajz½Sif;yHk enf;vrf;ñTefjyaomç wnfNidrfaomtajctaeudk &yHk&enf; azmfjyaomç
(tjyiftyrS)taMumif;ûyzefwD;aom (jA[®mç AdóEdk;ç wefcdk;½Sifç xm0&ç cdk'g
ponfwdkU\) MoZmtmPm r½SdyHkudk azmfjyaom bmoma&; oabmw&m; jzpfonf/

(D) The Buddha's teaching is therefore a process which by a proper practice in gaining
understanding of the true nature all there is , Leads to the stable state. It, as this statement
makes clear, the Buddha's teaching is shown to be the gaining of understanding of the True
nature of all there is of mind and material qualities, then clearly it is the second definition of
religion that is most nearly applicable to it, i.e; to gather together, collect, ponder over, to give
heed to, observe, and care for.

(C) xkdUaMumifh Ak'¨"r®onf oifhawmfaom tavhtusifhtm;jzifh t&mtm;vHk;\ obm0rSefudk
em;vnfrI &&m&aMumif; jzpfNyD; wnfNidrfaom tajctaeudk azmfaqmifaom
usifhpOfwpfckjzpfonf? þtqdkt& Ak'¨0g'onf ½kyfESifhemrf½SdorQ tm;vHk;\obm0rSefudk
em;vnfrI &apwwfaom0g' jzpfaMumif; azmfjyEdkifygvQif 'kwd,0dû*d[fonf Ak'¨"r®ESifh
tawmfudkufnDaom &DvD*sif;\ 0dû*d[f jzpfonf? ,if;onfum; tqufrjywf
pkaqmif;jcif;ç awG;ac:pOf;pm;jcif;ç *½k"r®ûyjcif;ç aphpyfpGmavhvmjcif;ç owd½Sdjcif;yif
jzpfonf/
12/ ,if;odkUqdkvQif þ'kwd,0dû*d[ft& Ak'¨0g'udk (&DvD*sif;) bmomw&m;[k
&J&JqdkEdkifawmhonf? þodkU Ak'¨0g'udk &DvD*sif; (bmomw&m;)[k qdkvdkufojzifh xm0&0g'DwdkU\
ewfbk&m;rsm;udk ,HkMunfjcif;ç aMumufvefUjcif;ç qkawmif;jcif;ç udk;uG,f0wfûyjcif; [laom Rite and
Ritual ESifh vHk;vHk; rqufpyfaom Ak'¨w&m;awmfudk rdrd&& useydkifydkif qdkEdkifavawmh\/


tpodkU
13/ wpfaMumif;rSmvnf; bmom[laom pum;vHk;onf ygVdpum;rS qif;oufvmonf?

bmoD,aw uxD,awwd bmom? Ak'¨ó bmom Ak'¨bmom-Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf
a[majymawmfrltyfaomaMumifh Ak'¨\ tqHk;tr[lorQç pum;awmf[lorQonf Ak'¨bmom rnf\? ,if;udk
t*Fvdyf bmomtm;jzifh Buddhism or Buddha's teaching [k ac:qdk&onf? Ak'¨bmom
jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;wdkU\ tv,fwGif Ak'¨bmom [k qdkvdkufonfESifhwpfûydifeuf Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf\
tqdktqHk;tr w&m;pum; Ak'ömoem [laom teuft"dyÜm,fudk ,cktcgü wpfcsufwnf;
em;vnfoGm;\? xdkrSwqifh &wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunftm;xm; yGm;rsm;qnf;uyfjcif;udk
oabmaygufoGm;awmh\? &DvD*sif;rS vmaom bmomt,l[laom teuft"dyÜm,frSm pyf[yfzmax;
qGJ,lí ajymrS em;vnf&aom teuft"dyÜm,frsdK;om jzpfavawmhonf/
14/ Oyrm ½lyg'Dok oÍÆEÅd owåm=½lyg½Hk ponfwdkUü pGJvrf;uyfNidwwfaomaMumifh tvHk;pHkaom
vlewf ponfwdkUonf owå (owå0g)rnfukef\? þ0pew¬t& rlvteuftm;jzifh ½lyg½Hk tp½Sdaom
tm½Hkig;yg; umr*kPfw&m;wdkUü pGJvrf;uyfNidwwfaom owå0gwdkUudkrS owå[kac:qdk&aomfvnf;
(edpäE´&m*) ½lyg½Hk ponfwdkUü pGJvrf; uyfNidjcif; r½Sdaom&[EÅmwdkUudkvnf; twGif½kV§Dtm;jzifh owå [k
ac:qdk&ouJhodkU jzpfonf? xkdUaMumifh ]]ouw¬aMumifh &onfhynwf? ouwfaysmufvsuf? rnfrysuf?
oufouftwGif ½kV§Dwnf;}}[k a½S;q&mawmfrsm; ed,mrfvuFm rdefUrSm>rufMum;awmfrlcJhMuonf?
qdkvdkonfrSm-udk;uG,f0wfûyjcif;ç qkawmif;jcif;teufxGufaom &DvD*sif; [laom pum;vHk;rSm
zvS,fxm;onfqdkaomfvnf; Ak'¨bmom[laom pum;udk qdkvdkufonf½Sdaomf ,cktcg xdkrlvteuf
aysmufysufí &wemoHk;yg; udk;uG,f qnf;uyfjcif;ç Ak'¨tqHk;trudk vdkufemusifhoHk;jcif;[laom teufç
,if;Ak'¨bmomudkcH,laom bmom0if[laom teufwdkUrSm trsm;wumwdkUwGif wGifus,faeaom
trnfynwfwpfck jzpfawmhonf? bmrQ yifra&aomufjrpfteufudk xkwfazmfaezG,f rvdk[k qdkvdkayonf/
15/ xkdUaMumifh Ak'¨w&m;awmfudk &nfñTef;í OD;Ouú|udk,fwdkif-
]]'DaeU Ak'¨bmomqdkwJh vlpm;awGrSm bdef;ESifh bdef;pm;awGvdkjzpfaeNyDudk;? . . . tckvnf;
'dkU vlawGrSm bdef;pGJaewJh bdef;pm;awG bdef;jzwfcdkif;ovdk jzpfaeNyD? [dk uGefjrLepfrsm;u bmom[m
bdef;yJvdkU ajymwm aoaocsmcsm awG;awmh 'Dae&mrSm wu,frSefwmudk; 'umBuD;&JU}}
[k opöm"r®a&;&mpmapmifwGif ygonfhtwdkif; ajyma[mcJhjcif; jzpfonf? rSefvS\-pk'dwuwdkUu
]]bmom[laom pum;udk xm0&0g'DwdkUudk &nf½G,fíqdkaom pum;yg}}[k qifajcay;aomfvnf; txufyg
OD;Ouú|\pum;ü ]]'DaeU Ak'¨bmomqdkwJh vlpm;}}[k wdkuf½dkufyif qdkvdkufojzifh rnfodkUrS rjiif;omawmhay?
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk ½dkaoav;pm;í ppfrSefaom o'¨gw&m; tjynfht0jzifh cdkifcdkifrmrm
&wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaejcif;udk OD;Ouú|u tpGJOyg'gef[lívnf;aumif; o&P*HkoHk;yg;udk
qnf;uyfudk;uG,faeaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUtm; bdef;pm;rsm;ESifh EIdif;um bdef;pGJovdk pGJaeMuonf[lí
vnf;aumif; &uf&ufpufpuf zdESdyfí qdkvdkufjcif;om jzpfonf/

tpodkU
16/ bmomw&m;onf bdef;ESifh wlonfqdkaom pum;onf uGefjrLepfwdkUu qdkvmaomtcg

,HkMunfrIoufoufudk tajccHíjzpfaom bmomw&m; (Oyrm-xm0&0g'Dç £ó&0g'Dç cdk'g0g'D) wdkUudk
&nfñTef;í olwdkU\½IaxmifhrS qdkaompum; jzpfaomaMumifh tvGef cdkifvHkaom rSefuefwdusonfh pum;
jzpfonf? Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ bmom[lonfum; &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfaus;Zl;ç bk&m;½Sif\
av;eufrSefuef wdusaomw&m;awmfudk ouf0if,HkMunfí jzpfay:vmaom o'¨gw&m;ESifh
usifhMuHtm;xkwfrI-0D&d,ç pGJjrJrI-owdç wnfMunfrI-orm"dç qifjcifrI-ynm [laom Adkvf5-yg;udk
tajccHaomaMumifh bdef;pm; bdef;udk pGJjcif;ESifh rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ rwlnDay? bdef;onf bdef;pm;\
pdwfESvHk;udk ,pfrl; rdef;armapí trSefw&m;udk vTrf;rdk; zHk;tkyfypfEdkifaom owåd ½Sdonf? Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
o'¨gw&m;rSmum; þodkU awGa0rdef;armapjcif; r½Sd? trSefw&m;udk zHk;uG,fjcif; rûy? MunfMunfvifvif
oefUoefU½Sif;½Sif;ESifh trSefw&m;odkU OD;wnfñTefjyaom owådom ½Sdayonf? xkdUaMumifh ]]O'uyÜom'aum
rPd0d,}}[k a&aemufudk Munfvifapwwfaom ywåjrm;ausmufESifh o'¨gw&m;udk Oyrmûyí
t|uxmq&mrsm; rdefUqdkawmfrlMuonf? vufawGUtm;jzifhvnf; Ak'¨bmom omoemawmfudk
ouf0if,HkMunf qnf;uyf udk;uG,folwdkUonf pdwf\ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;ç um,uHrI 0pDuHrI
txufwef;usjcif;ç ,Ofaus;rItqifhtwef; jrifhrm;jcif; ½SdaeMuayonf/
þodkUaom taMumif;rsm;aMumif; Ak'¨bmomudk xm0&0g' £ó&edr®me0g'rsm;ESifh
wpfwef;wpfpm;wnf;xm;um xm0&0g' £ó&edr®me0g'wdkUudk &nfñTef;í uGefjrLepfrsm;u
ajymxm;aom bmoma&;onf bdef;ESifhwlonf[laom pum;rsm;udk OD;Ouú|u uGefjrLepfrsm;xHrS ,lNyD;
Ak'¨bmom(Ak'¨pum;) rsm;tay: pGyfpGJajymqdkjcif;onf r[kwf rw&m;ajymqdkjcif;om jzpfaMumif;
ay:vGifayonf/
17/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ 0daooapm'emü wifjyaomtaMumif;tcsufrsm;rSm
t*Fkwå&edum,fç quúedygwf tm[kae,s0*f r[memrokwfudk udk;um;í wifjyojzifh tvGefvnf;
cdkifvHkvSayonf? rSefvS\-&wemoHk;yg;udk ,HkMunfo'¨g MunfñdkpGmjzifh atmufarhESvHk;oGif;aomyk*¾dKvfrSm
&m*-a'go-arm[rvTrf; ajzmifhwef;pGm &wemoHk;yg;odkUxda&muf\? ajzmifhrwfaom pdwfjzifh
teufudkvnf;aumif;ç o'¨gudkvnf;aumif; xdxdrdrd od&Sdem;vnfí "r®ESifhpyfaom yDwdygarmZÆ jzpfonf?
pdwfcsrf;omjcif;ç udk,fcsrf;omjcif;ç pdwfwnfMunfjcif;udk &½Sdayonf/
18/ ,if; t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf r[memrokwfudk aocsmpGm avhvmqifjcifaomtcg
&wemoHk;yg;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaom Ak'¨bmom0iftzdkU wPSmayrESifh qefUusifbufjzpfaom
Munfvifaom o'¨gw&m;udk&½Sdjcif;ç tusdK;rJhw&m;rsm; uif;aysmufí tusdK;pD;yGm;rsm;
a&mufvmjcif;wnf;[laom qkvmbfrsm;udk rawmif;bJESifh tvdkvdk &½SdEdkifaMumif; od&ayonf?
tarQmfESifhtaMumuf ½Sdonf jzpfapç r½Sdonf jzpfap,if; Ak'¨bmom0if\ ypöKyÜefç wrvGefç tusdK;ESpfyg;
NyD;ajrmufonfomjzpfonf/

tpodkU
tarQmfESifh taMumuf
uav;oli,fwdkUudk qHk;roGefoifaom rdbwdkUonf ylavmifjcif;ab;&efudk ajymjyí(0g)
ajcmufvSefUí rD;rudkif&atmif wm;jrpfMuonf? pmar;yGJatmifvQif bGJUxl; *kPfxl; &rnf?
y&dwfowftv,f wGifus,fyGifhvif;rnf? udk,ftm; EIwftm;jzifh yifyef;BuD;pGm rvkyfrudkif&bJ
Nidrf;csrf;oufompGm toufarG;Edkifrnf? vlcspfvlcif aygrsm;rnf? xifay:ausmfaprnf ponfjzifh
tusdK;w&m;udk azmfjyí qHk;roGefoifMuonf? ,if;odkU qHk;roGefoifonfhtwdkif; ylrnfpdk;í rD;udk
rudkifaomaMumifh xdkuav;onf ylavmifjcif;ç rD;ylaMumifh aoab;txd 'ku©a&mufjcif;rS
uif;vGwfjcif;tusdK; cHpm;&ayonf? êud;pm;í pmoifaomtcg xdkoli,fonf pmar;yGJatmifjcif; paom
tusdK;aus;Zl;udk cHpm;&onf? xkdUaMumifh ajcmufvSefUíqHk;rjcif;ç tusdK;jyí qHk;rjcif;onf
rnfodkUaomtjypf ½SdEdkifygoenf;? bk&m;½Sif\ tqHk;trawmfwGifum; tusdK;udkjyí vnf;aumif;ç
tjypfudkjyívnf;aumif;ç qHk;rawmfrlaom a'oemawmfrsm;rSm ra&rwGufEdkifatmif ½Sd\? þodkU tusdK;udk
jyjcif;onf aMumufatmif ajcmufvSefUonf[lí vnf;aumif;? tarQmfcdkif;onf [lívnf;aumif; rqdkEdkif/
19/ þae&mü Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;taejzifh taMumif;tusdK;udkomjyí qHk;rawmfrlyHkudk t>rufrQ
jytHh/
(u) raumif;rIudk ûyaomolonf ,ckb0üvnf;aumif;? aemifb0üvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜef
wrvGef 2-wefaom b0üvnf;aumif; ylyefqif;&J&\? igonf raumif;rIudk ûyrdNyD [k
awG;awmylyef\? 'k*¾wdbHkodkU a&mufaomf ydkíyif ylyefqif;&J&\/
("r®y'? ,ru0*f *gxm 17)
£" wyÜwd aypö wyÜwd? ygyum&D Ob,w¬ wyÜwd/
ygyH ar uwEÅd wyÜwd? bda,sm wyÜwd 'k*¾wð *awm/ (1? ck? 15)
(c) aumif;rIûyaom olonf ,ckb0üvnf;aumif;? aemifb0üvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜef wrvGef
2-wefaom b0üvnf;aumif; 0rf;ajrmufMunfEl;&\? rdrd\vkyfief; pifMu,f
aumif;jrwfrIudkMunfhí olonf tzefwvJvJ 0rf;ajrmufMunfEl;&ay\/
("r®y'? ,ru0*f *gxm 16)
£" arm'wd aypö arm'wd? uwykanm Ob,w¬ arm'wd/
aom arm'wd aom yarm'wd? 'doGm ur®0dok'¨drw¬aem/ (ck? 1? 15)
(*) owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf raumif;rIudk ûyrdvQif xdkraumif;rIudk xyfwvJvJ
rûyrdapoifh? raumif;rIüawmifhwjcif; qEúdk rûy&m? raumif;rI rsm;vQif
qif;&JaomtusdK; ½Sd\/ ("r®y'? ygy0*f *gxm 2)
ygyH ap yk&daom u,d&m? e eH u,d&m ykeyÜKeH/
e wrSd qE´H u,d&mx? 'kau©m ygyó Opöa,m/ (ck? 1? 30)

tpodkU
(C) owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf ukodkvfudk ûyrdvQif xdkukodkvfudk xyfumwvJvJ ûy&m\?

aumif;rIü awmifhwjcif; qEúdkûy&m\? aumif;rI rsm;jym;vQif csrf;omaom tusdK; ½Sd\/
("r®y'? ygy0*f *gxm 3)
yknaÍö yk&daom u,d&m? u,d&meH ykeyÜKeH/
wrSd qE´H u,d&mx? okacg yknó Opöa,m/ (ck? 1? 30)
þtqHk;trrsm;wGif ]]raumif;rI rsm;jym;vQif qif;&Jaom tusdK; ½Sd\? aumif;rI rsm;jym;vQif
csrf;omaom tusdK; ½Sd\}}[laom tqHk;tronf tjypfESifhtusdK;udk ½dk;½dk;uav; jyum qHk;rawmfrljcif;
jzpfonf/
20/ ½Sifjzpfcgp(7)ESpfom;omomrQ ½Sdao;aom om;awmf &m[kvmudk qHk;rawmfrlyHkum;
þodkUwnf;/
jrefrmjyef
]]&m[kvm . . . ig ar;rnfh pum;udk oif b,fvdk oabm&oenf;? aMu;rHkrSefjyifonf
tb,ftusdK; ½Sdygoenf; &m[kvm? tjypfudkqifjcifjcif; tusdK; ½Sdygonf bk&m;? &m[kvm . . .
þenf;twdkif;yif pOf;pm;qifjcifum udk,fjzifh tvkyfvkyf&rnfç EIwfjzifh tvkyfvkyf&rnfç pdwfjzifh
tvkyfvkyf&rnf? &m[kvm . . . udk,fjzifh tvkyfvkyfrnf&Sdaomtcg ig\ þum,uHrIonf
rdrdtwGufvnf; qif;&Jyifyef;ç olwyg;twGufvnf; qif;&Jyifyef;ç rdrd olwyg;
ESpfOD;om;twGufvnf; qif;&Jyifyef;zdkU jzpfavrnfvm;[k qifjcif&rnf? ig\ þum,uHrIonf
qif;&Judk jzpfapí qif;&JaomtusdK; ½Sdaom uHrsm;jzpfavrvm;[k qifjcif&m\? &m[kvm . . .
tu,fí oif qifjcifaomtcg rdrdvnf; qif;&J? olwyg;vnf; qif;&JzkdU jzpfonf?
'ku©udkjzpfapí qif;&Jaom tusdK;½Sdonf[k oif xifjrifvQif þodkUaomum,uHudk oif
rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ rûyoifh? &m[kvm tu,fí oif qifjcifaomtcg rdrdvnf; qif;&Jç
olwyg;vnf; qif;&JzkdU rjzpf? csrf;omjcif;udk jzpfapí csrf;omaomtusdK; ½Sdonf[k oif
xifjrifvQif þodkUaom um,uHudk oif rcRwfûy&rnf/}} (0pDuHç raemuH tvm;wl)/
(rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf? trÁv|du &m[kavm0g'okwf)
21/ tusdK;udkjyum qHk;rawmfrlvsuf wpfxyfwnf;om pm;jcif;\tusdK;udk a[mawmfrlyHkum;
þodkUwnf;/
jrefrmjyeftusOf;
]]&[ef;wdkU . . . igonf(npmrpm;bJ)wpfxyfqGrf;udk bkOf;ay;awmfrl\? &[ef;wdkU . . .
wpfxyfqGrf;udk bkOf;ay;awmfrlaomtcg tema&m*guif;jcif;ç tm;tifESifhjynfhpHkjcif;ç
csrf;ompGmaeEdkifjcif;udk igbk&m; owdûyrdawmfrl\? &[ef;wdkU . . . vmMuukef?
oifwdkUvnf;(npmrpm;bJ) wpfxyfqGrf;udk pm;Muukefavmh? oifwdkUvnf; wpfxyfqGrf;udk

tpodkU
pm;vQif tema&m*guif;jcif;ç tm;tifESifh jynfhpHkjcif;ç csrf;ompGm aeEdkifjcif;udk (oifwdkUudk,fwdkif)

aumif;pGm odMuayvdrfhrnf}}
rSwfcsuf/ / þü t|uxmq&m\ rSwfcsufudk owdûyzG,f aumif;vSayonf/
,o®m Ak'¨g e b,H 'aówGm waZÆwGm yZ[mayEÅd? tmedoHoHye 'aówGm yZ[mayEÅd?
{0H [d owåm okace yZ[EÅd/
jrefrmjyef
]]bk&m;½SifwdkUonf ab;udkjyum Ncdrf;ajcmufí y,fpGefUapawmfrrlMuacs? tusdK;udk jyíom
y,fpGefUapawmfrlMujrJ jzpfonf? þodkU tusdK;ûyy,fpGefUapvdkufaomf owå0gwdkUonf vG,fulpGm
y,fpGefUMuavonf}}
22/ txufyg obm0,kwåd tm*r,kwådwdkUudkaxmufí Ak'¨0g'onf tarQmf taMumuf?
wpfenf; (Reward and Punishment) qkvmbfESifh tjypf'Pfudkjyum ajcmufcsnfwpfvSnfh
ajr§mufcsnfwpfcg ûyvkyfwwfaom zefqif;½Sif xm0&0g'DwdkU\ bmomrsdK; r[kwf? tusdK;taMumif;udk
jyíqHk;rwwfaom bmom omjzpfonf? ewfjynfESifh i&Jjynfudk jyjcif;rSmvnf; ajr§mufvdk ajcmufvdkí
r[kwfbJ t½Sdoabmjzpfí ½SdaMumif;udk jyjcif;omjzpfonf? þvrf;oGm;vQif þt&yfodkU a&mufí
xdkvrf;avQmufvQif xdkt&yfodkU a&mufaMumif; jyawmfrljcif;om jzpfonf/
23/ tu,fyif tusdK;udk vdkvm;aom rdbq&morm;wdkUu csKyfcs,fí twif;tusyf
w&m;tusifhudk usifhMuHcdkif;apumrl(0g)omoemawmf\ tqHk;trudk rusifhvdkbJ usifh&apumrl
omoemawmf\ usifhpOfum; usifholudk vrf;qHk;yef;wdkifjzpfaom tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmefwdkifatmif
tusdK;ûyonfom jzpf\/
xkdUaMumifh t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? pwkuú tEkaomwokwfü-
wo®m [d "da&m £"ly|dwówD?
umar p ygay p taoormaem/
o[myd 'kau©e Za[,s umar?
y#daomw*grDwd wrm[k yk*¾vH/
[k jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mrdefUawmfrlonf/
jrefrm tusOf;
xkdUaMumifh þavmuü owd½Sdaom ynm½Sifonf umr*kPfESifh tukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk rrSD0J
rûyusifhbJ rsuf&nfvnf½GJ idkyGJqifum qif;&JpGmjzifh 0w¬Ktm½kHudk pGefYy,fum (w&m;usifh)rI xdkyk*¾dKvfrsdK;udk
(0#foHo&ma&aMumif;\ tqef) edAÁmefudk oGm;ol[lí ynm½SdwdkU qdkukef\/
24/ xkdUaMumifh or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkU\ ]]udk;uG,f}}[laom pum;ESpfvHk;udk yk'fcGJum
udk;=tm;udk;onf? tm;udk;jcif;onf vdkcsifjcif; jzpfí avmb=tarQmf jzpfonf? uG,f=umuG,fonf?

tpodkU
umuG,fapmifha½Smufjcif;onf aMumuf½GHUxdwfvefUjcif;=a'go taMumuf jzpfonf? avmb a'goonf

arm[aMumifh jzpfonf[k MuHMuHzefzef orÇm&y&dapä' ûyMujcif;onf pdwfrrSefaom olwdkU\ pum;om
jzpfonf[k trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

OD;Ouú|ESifh ½kyf0g'
25/ ½kyf0g'ESifh ywfoufí pdppfoHk;oyfaytHh? ]]ûyvkyfol um&uonf ½kyfwHk; ½kyfcJ?
cHpm;ola0'uvnf; ½kyfobm0yif}}[laom OD;Ouú|\tqdkudk pdppfoHk;oyf&aomf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u
½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfyHkudkqufvufí avQufxm;yg&ap bk&m;[k avQmufxm;NyD; atmufygtwdkif;
pGJcsufwifxm;Muonf/
um&ua0'uonf ½kyf jzpfonf[laom t,ltqrSm-
urÜó um&aum ew¬d? 0dyguó p a0'aum/
ok'¨"r®m y0wåEÅd? {a0wH or®'óeH/
[laom 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmvm *gxmudk ½kyf0g'ESifh nDatmif vdkovdkqGJ,lxm;jcif;om jzpfygonf bk&m;?
xdk*gxm\ vdk&if;tcsufrSm-
]]uHudk ûyvkyfol twå r½Sd? tusdK;udk cHpm;ol twåvnf; r½Sd? trSefrSm ½kyfemrf"r®
y&rwåw&m;wdkU oufoufom (aMumif;usdK;qufum) jzpfMuukef\? þodkU½IjrifrIonf
rSefuefaom tjrif jzpf\}}[líom qdkvdk&if; jzpfygonf? ûyvkyfol um&uç cHpm;ol a0'uonf
½kyfwHk; ½kyfcJ jzpf\[k ,lvQif ½kyfw&m;udk twå[k,l&ma&mufí ½lyH twåawm
orEkyówd=½kyfudk twå[k ½Ijrif\ [laom twå'd|dom jzpf&um; t"r®0g'om jzpfygonf
bk&m;}}
[k 0daooap'emvTmü apm'emwifxm;Muonf/
26/ ,if; apm'emwifcsufonf obm0"r®ESifh udkufnDaom ,kwåd½Sdonfh apm'em jzpfayonf?
Xif½Sm;aptHh-emrfoabmw&m;ESifh uif;í½kyfcsnf;oufoufjzifh ûyvkyfjcif; cHpm;jcif; jrifjcif; Mum;jcif;
ponfrnfonfhtcgrQ rjzpfEdkifacs? y&rw¬tvdktm;jzifh emrfw&m;\ owådudk&nfñTef;í ûyjcif; cHpm;jcif;
ponfjzifh ac:a0:ajymqdkrS trSefjzpfonf? ,if; y&rw¬jzpfaom emrfw&m;udk rûywwfaomfvnf;
ûywwfbdouJhodkU uwåKoabmtm;jzifh wifpm;í ûywwfol ponfjzifh qdkvQif avmua0g[m&
orkwdopömtm;avsmfpGm ajymqdkjcif;rQom jzpfonf[kodtyf\/
27/ pifppfrSm Ak'ä'oemawmfu ñTefjyonfhtwdkif; qdkvQif ½kyfw&m;onf tuef;ESifhwlí
emrfw&m;onf tusdK;ESifh wlonf? tuef;onf tusdK;udk xrf;ydk;í vrf;oGm;aomtcg vrf;aumif;
vrf;qdk; tedrfh tjrifh ponfudk tusdK;u jrifí tusdK;\ vrf;ñTefcsuftwdkif; tuef;u vdk&mc&D;odkU
a&mufatmif oGm;&bdouJhodkU ½kyfw&m;onf olUcsnf;oufouf ûyjcif; cHpm;jcif; ponf rûywwfrlí

tpodkU
emrfw&m;\ appm;csuft&om ûyjcif; cHpm;jcif; paom udpöudk NyD;ap&onf? xkdUtwlyif emrfw&m;csnf;

oufoufvnf; jrifjcif; Mum;jcif; oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;jcif;udk rûywwfbJ ½kyfw&m;udk rSD&rSom ,if; udpöudk
aqmif½GufEdkifonf/
28/ ,if;odkU ½kyfESifh emrfwdkU taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm olUoabmolaqmifvsuf
jzpfay:vmMu&mwGif tjyiftyrS wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfwwfç apcdkif;wwfaom twå0dnmOfvnf; r½Sd?
twGif;odkU 0ifí cHpm;jcif; ûyvkyfjcif; paom udpöudk aqmif½Gufwwfaom rnfonfhtwå0dnmOfrQvnf;
r&Sday? ½kyfw&m; emrfw&m; y&rwftom; pifppfonfomvQif rdrd rdrd\ udpöudk aqmif½Gufvsuf
jzpfay:vmaponf? þodkU qdkvdkí ]]ok'¨"r®m y0wåEÅd? {a0wH or®'óeH}}[k 0dok'¨dr*f t|uxmq&m
rdefUqdkawmfrljcif; jzpfayonf? ]]ûyvkyfol=um&u? cHpm;ol=a0'uonf ½kyfw&m;om jzpf\}}[k qdkaom
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\pum;onf Ak'¨0g'udk ½kyf0g'jzpfatmif udk,fvdk&m udk,fqGJ ajymcsufom jzpfí
usrf;*ef"r®ESifh rnDonfrSm xif½Sm;vSayonf/
xkdUjyif ur®ó um&aum ew¬d-[laom ygVdudk OD;Ouú| ,lqonfhtwdkif; o'´genf;usus?
teufay;&onf½Sdaomf ur®ó um&aum=uHudk ûywwfaom um&u ½kyfwHk;½kyfcJonf? ew¬d=r½Sd [lí
jzpfayonf? xkdUaMumifh OD;Ouú|vkyfyHkonf o'´genf; teufenf;wdkUjzifh ususee
ppfaq;vdkufonfhtcgwGif tESpfom&½Smr&? yd@w¬aumufí r&aomol½l;\ pum;uJhodkU jzpfaMumif;
awGU&ayonf/

½kyfvnf;emrf? emrfvnf; ½kyf[kqdk&mü pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf
29/ ]]½kyfonf tajccHjzpfí a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwdkUonf ½kyfudk wnf&mrSD&mxm;í
jzpfay:vmaom tusdK;w&m;(0g)tcdk;owåd(0g)½kyf\ t[kefrQom jzpfayonf}}[laom 31-bHk0g'
Ak'¨vufrcHpmtkyf a&;om;ol OD;udkudkav;\ tqdkonfvnf;aumif;?
]]tvkyfvkyf qdkwm wu,f½SdwJh ½kyfudk aumif;atmif tvkyfvkyfMu&rSm? pdwfudk
aumif;atmif vkyfvdkU r&bl;}}
[laom OD;Ouú|\ tqdkonfvnf;aumif;?
]]tqifhqifh tuJcwf avhvmaomtcg þblw½kyfwdkUwGif ½kyf[kvnf;aumif;?
emrf[kvnf;aumif; ponfjzifh jzpfaeaomaMumifh tm;vHk; ½kyfobm0 tajccHcsnf; jzpfaeonfudk
awGU&ayonf}}
[laom Ak'¨0dyóem yxrwGJ? ESm-84? 85 ü a&;om;xm;aom ocifjrwfqdkif\ tqdkonfvnf;aumif;?
,if;pmtkyf ESm-130 ü xyfrHazmfjyaom-
]]½kyfESifhemrf 2-ckrSm wpfckESifhwpfck ruGJay? ½kyfvnf; emrf? emrfonfyif ½kyftjzpf
'GefwGJum tpOf twl jzpfysufaeonfudk awGUjrifrSom csufcsif; jzpfonfudk jzpfrSef odonf}}

tpodkU
[laom ocifjrwfqdkif\ 'kwd,tqdkonfvnf;aumif; ½kyf0g'udktajccHí Ak'¨"r®udk ujyufuacsmf

a&;om;ajyma[mjcif;rQom jzpfonf? þteufoabmrsdK;udk rnfonfhtcgrS Ak'¨jrwfpGm ra[may? Ak'¨0g'
twGif;odkU xdkolwdkU\ ½kyf0g' oGwfoGif;vmjcif;om jzpfonf? wpfenf;qdkaomf Ak'¨0g' rsufESmzHk;wyfí
½kyf0g'udk jzefUjzL;aejcif;jzifh Ak'ömoemudkysufpD;atmif tm;xkwfaejcif;om jzpfonf/
30/ þ 20-&mpkacwfü topftqef;vkyfí a½SUwef;wif ajymqdka&;om;aeaom OD;Ouú|\
tqdkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; ryGifhray:rD ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif ay:xGef;aeaom jAm[®PvlrsdK; usm&fAmu
paom q&mBuD;wdkU\ ½kyf0g'ESifh wpfxyfwnf; wlnDaeyHkudk atmufygtwdkif; awGU½Sd&onf/

usm&fAmu ½kyfMurf;0g'

u- ajrç a&ç avç rD; "mwfBuD;av;yg;onf trSefoabmawG jzpfonf/

c- þ"mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkU\ tpktaygif;udk udk,fcE¨m? tm½kHpdwf? tm½kH [lí
ac:a0:orkwfMuonf/

*- ,if; "mwfBuD;av;yg;rS pdwf[laom todoabm ay:vmonf/

C- waq;ponfrS rl;,pfapwwfaom owåd ay:vmouJhodk ,if; "mwfBuD;av;yg;rS
0dnmOfay:vmonf? "mwfBuD; av;yg;wdkUuomvQif pOf;pm;awG;awmukef\/

i- pdwf 0dnmOfjzifh txl;ûytyfaom ½kyfMurf;BuD;yif twå(0g)owå0gjzpfonf/

p- a&yGufonf a&\ tay:ü ½kwfcsnf;jrif ½kwfcsnf;aysmufoGm;ouJhodkU ZD0onfvnf;
½kwfcsnf;jrif ½kwfcsnf;aysmufoGm;avonf/
tpodkU

q- edAÁmef(0g)vGwfajrmufjcif;[lonf aoqHk;uG,fvGefjcif;yifwnf;/

Z- pD;yGm; OpömESifh umrcsrf;omonfom owå0gwdkU\ vdk&iftusdK;jzpfonf/ (w&m;usifhjcif;ç
vGwfajrmufjcif; [lonf pifppfteuft"dyÜm,fr½Sday/)

ps- avmuom;wdkU\ vrf;pOfudkom vdkuf&rnf/ (avmukwå&mvrf;aMumif;[lí r½Sd/)

n- wrvGefb0ü ½Sdaom owå0g[lí r½SdaomaMumifh wrvGefavmu[lonfvnf; r½Sday/

#- rsufpdç em;ç ESmç vQmç udk,fwdkUjzifh xdawGUcHpm;tyfaom rsufawGU vufawGUonfom
cdkifvHkaom yrmPjzpfonf (rsufawGUç vufawGU r[kwfaom t&monf rcdkifvHk? yrmP
rrnf/) (avmum,wokwf ac: (NAd[wfqywd) a&;aomokwf)
31/ txufygokwfwGif(c) trSwfpum;t& yç tmç 0gç aw "mwf 4-yg;udkyif
cE¨mudk,f[lívnf;aumif;? pç oç Cç Zç u ac: yom' 5-yg;? qif;ç oHç eHç pm;ç awGU tm½kH 5-
yg;[lívnf;aumif; ac:onf[kqdkxm;&m ½kyfonf emrf? emrfonf ½kyf[k qdkaom vlaovljzpf
q&mwynfhwdkU\ 0g'ESifh wpfxyfwnf;usae\/
32/ OD;Ouú|ESifh ocifjrwfqdkifwdkUonf avESifh awaZm awGUvQif tm;^touf[lí
ay:vm\[k qdkMu\? OD;udkudkav;u emrfonf ½kyf\tcdk;[k qdk\? (C)trSwfjy txufygokwfvm
t&ufrsdK;aphrS rl;,pfapwwfaom owåd ay:vmouJhodkU "mwf4-yg;rS 0dnmOfay:vmonf[laompum;ESifh
wpfom;wnf; usavawmh\/
33/ (n)trSwfjy pum;t& wrvGefb0ü½Sdaom owå0g[lí r½SdaomaMumifh
wrvGefavmu[lonfvnf; r½Sday[laom avmum,wokwftqdkonf pk'dwuwdkU\ ycufESifh

tpodkU
acgif;tMum;om pOf;pm;í tjcm;bmudkrQ rpOf;pm;[laom tqdkESifh ESpfaygif; 3000-cefU jcm;aomfvnf;

rjym;ruGJ wpfom;wnf; jzpfíaeonfudk awGUMu&\/
34/ (#)trSwfjy rsufawGUvufawGUom cdkifvHkaom yrmP jzpfonf[laom tqdkESifh
vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|? ol\wynfh ocifjrwfqdkif? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUom;rsm;\
vufawGUrsufawGU0g'onf {&m0wDjrpfa&ESifh csif;wGif;jrpfa&uJhodkU wpfom;wnf; a&maESmnDñGwf
avawmh\/
35/ xkdUjyif Ak'¨jrwfpGmray:rD ESpfaygif; 500-avmuf apmí ay:xGef;cJhaom trnfrxif½Sm;ol
a&;onfh qaE´m*sOyedoQ'fü þodkU qdk\/

pm;vdkufaom tpmonf oHk;rsdK;uGJí xGufonf? tMurf;pm;"mwfwpfpkonf usifBuD; jzpfonf?
tvwfpm; "mwfwpfpkonf tom;jzpfonf? tEkqHk;jzpfaom "mwfwpfpkonfum; pdwf0dnmOf
jzpfay:vmonf/
(t"sm, 6? u@ 5? tydk'f 1)

aomufvdkufaom a&onf 3-rsdK;uGJí xGufonf? tMurf;pm;"mwfwpfpkonf usifi,f jzpfonf?
tvwfpm; "mwfpkonf aoG; jzpfonf? tEkqHk;jzpfaom "mwfwpfpkonfum; touf jzpfay:vmonf/
(t"sm, 6? u@ 5? tydk'f 2)
36/ xdkrSwyg; ½kyfESifhemrfudk xyfwl ,lqaom Vulgar materialism ½kyfMurf;0g'\ oabmudk
½Sif;jyOD;rnf/
þ0g'onf q,fhudk;&mpk 0ef;usifwGif *smreDjynfü pwif acwfpm;vmaom0g' jzpfonf?
vlApfAsL;ceJ (Kari Vogt lud B chner) trnf½Sd *smreftrsdK;om;ESifh *sufaumharmav;a½SmY (Jacou
Molescholt) qdkol 'wfcsftrsdK;om;wdkUonf ½kyfMurf;0g'Drsm; jzpfMuonf? olwdkU tqdkum;

wHawG;tusdwfrsm;rS wHawG;,dkxGufovdk tonf;rS onf;ajc,dkxGufovdk OD;aESmufrS pdwfac:aom
½kyfwpfrsdK; pdrfhxGufaeonf[k qdkMu\? pdwftpOfonf OD;aESmufwGif xif[yfaom ½kyf\ t&dyftoGif

tpodkU
jzpfaomfvnf; jrifaumif;aom t&dyf r[kwf? xdawGU&aumif;aom t&dyftoGifr[kwf? "mwfyHk½dkuf,lí

r&aumif;ay/

Brain is instrument of thinking or organ of thought, but it is mind or thinking itself.
]]OD;aESmufonf awG;ac:pOf;pm;&ef vufeufud&d,m? wpfenf;- pOf;pm;awG;awmonfh

t*Fg&yfjzpfonf? odkUaomf ,if;OD;aESmufonfyif pdwf(0g)tawG;tac: jzpfonf}}[lí qdkavonf/
(jrefrmvkyfom;aeUpOf? 15-3-68? armifcspfvIdif)
37/ txufyg pdppfcsufrsm;t& ½kyfvnf; emrf? emrfvnf; ½kyf twlwlyif jzpfonf[laom
OD;udkudkav;? OD;Ouú|? ocifjrwfqdkifwdkUESifh or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkU\ 0g'onf avmum,wokwfü
NAd[wfqywdq&m a&;om;xm;aom Ak'¨ryGifhay:rDu ay:cJhaom a½S;a[mif;jAm[®PvlrsdK;
usm&fAmu0g'ESifh wpfxyfwnf; wlnDaeonfudk awGU&\? xkdUjyifa½S;a[mif;qaE´m*s OyedoQm'fusrf;
tqdkESifhvnf;aumif;? vl'fApfAsL;ceJESifh *sufaumharmav;a½SmhwdkU\ ½kyfMurf;0g'ESifhvnf;aumif;
cRwfpGyfwlaeonfudk awGUMu&ayonf/
38/ odkUjzpfí ,aeU awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|wdkU a&;om;ajyma[maeaom 0g'onf
a½S;a[mif; ½kyfMurf;0g'udk jyefvnfqef;opfxm;jcif;rQom jzpfaMumif; v,fjyifqifoGm;ouJhodkU
xif½Sm;vSayonf? xkdUaMumifh awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|\ 0g'onf ½kyf0g'? OD;Ouú|\onf ½kyfMurf;0g'D?
OD;udkudkav;\ 0g'onf ½kyf0g'? OD;udkudkav;onf ½kyfMurf;0g'DwpfOD;? ocifjrwfqdkif\ 0g'onf ½kyf0g'?
ocifjrwfqdkifonf ½kyfMurf;0g'DwpfOD;? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf\ 0g'onf ½kyf0g'? or®m'd|dokawoD
qdkolwdkUonf ½kyf0g'Drsm;om jzpfaMumif;udk cyf½Sif;½Sif; od½SdrSwfom;EdkifMuayonf? Ak'¨[laom pum;vHk;ç
or®m'd|d[laom pum;vHk;rsm;udk tumtuG,f,lNyD; ½kyf0g'vufeufjzifh Ak'ömoemudk twGif;uae
ysufpD;atmif zsufqD;aeMuaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;\ Zmwf½kyfudk ay:vGifatmif omoemawmfBuD;\ aemifa&;udk
arQmfawG;½IiJhNyD; azmfxkwfpdppfvdkuf&ayonf/
39/ OD;Ouú|onf ½kyf0g'DwpfOD;yDyD bk&m;w&m;ygVdrsm;udk teufay;&mü ½kyf0g'bufodkU vkNyD;
teufay;avhonf? tdk a,m*D oif b,fqDoGm;rvJ ESm-87 ü OD;Ouú|u ]]emrH? emrfonf/ ½lyH? ½kyfudk/
y#dpö? pGJí/ y0wåwd? jzpfay:vm\/ qdkvdk&if;rSm emrfonf ½kyfu jzpfonf? ½kyfonf tm[m&u
jzpfonf}}[k qdkxm;&m ,if;tqdk b,fu&ovJar;vQif txufyg OyedoQm'fudk trSDûyaom ½kyf0g'u
&onf[k ajz&ayrnf? trSefrSm OD;Ouú| udk;um;aom ygVdonf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyonfhtwdkif;
0dok'¨dr*f 'k-ESm-230 vm t|uxmq&m½Sif\ ygVdjzpfonf? t|uxmpum;udk wpfydkif;wpfp
tzsm;qGwfí,lNyD; OD;Ouú| qdkxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ OD;Ouú|onf t|uxmudk y,fcsifaomtcg y,fí
,lcsifaomtcg ,ljyef\? trSefpifppf rlr½Sdol[k qdk&ef ½Sd\/
t|uxmpum; tjynfhtpHkrSm þodkUjzpfonf-

tpodkU
]],xm p '@mbd[#H ab&ð edóm, oa'´ y0wårmae tnmab&D? tanm oa'´g?

ab&do'´g tor®dóm? ab&Doa'é oknm? oa'´g ab&d,m okanm? {0ar0H 0w¬K'Gg&m&r®
ocFgwH ½lyH edóm, emar y0wårmae tnH ½lyH? tnH emrH? emr½lyg tor®dóm? emrH ½laye
oknH? ½lyH emare oknH? tyd p acg ab&ð y#dpö oa'´g0d, ½lyH y#dpö emrH y0wåwd/}}
(tbd"r®orkpö,? 28)
jrefrmtusOf;
wkwfjzifh pnfudk acgufvdkufaomf pnfudk rSDí toHjzpfay:vm\? odkUjzpfay:vm&mrS pnfu
wjcm;? toHu wjcm;? pnfESifhtoHwdkU obm0csif; ra&m,SufouJhodkU pnfonf toHrS uif;í toHonf
pnfrS uif;ouJhodkU xdkenf;twl 0w¬K-'Gg&-tm½kH½kyfudk rSDí emrfjzpfay:vm&m ½kyfu wjcm; emrfu
wjcm;? ½kyfESifhemrf obm0csif; ra&m,SufMu? emrfonf ½kyfrS uif;í ½kyfonf emrfrS uif;onf? pifppfum;
pnfudk pGJítoHjzpfouJhodkU ½kyfudk pGJí emrfjzpfay:vmonf [lvdk/

t"dyÜm,f½Sif;vif;csuf
40/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf y|mef;ygVdawmfü y#dp0ö g&udk o[Zmw0g&ESifhvJvS,fí a[mawmfrl&m
pGJí jzpf\[lonfudk twltuG jzpf\[lonfESifh vJvS,fí Munfhawmfrlapvdk\? ½kyfudk pGJí emrf jzpfonf?
½kyfESifhtwlwuG emrf jzpfonf? twlwuG[k qdkvdkufjcif;jzifh o[um&Du&Pac:aom
wGJzuftaMumif;awGvnf; ½Sdao;onf[k Ak'¨jrwfpGm ñTefawmfrlonf? ,if; wGJzuftaMumif;awGum;
pnfudk acgufrnfûyaomtcg acgufaMumif;jzpfaom wkwfç wkwfudk udkifaom vufç
wD;cwftHh[líjzpfaom pdwfç wD;cwfol\ vHkUvya,m* paomtaMumif;rsm; jzpfonf? ,if;udk &nf½G,fí
q&mto*Fa&;aom tbd"r®orkpöusrf;üvnf; þodkUqdkonf/

]]taMumif;wdkU\ nDñGwfjcif;onf wGJzuftaMumif; rnf\/ 0dnmOfjzpfzdkU&ef £aÈónf
rysufpD;½Sd&m\? tm½kHonfvnf; xifjcif;odkU a&muf&m\? xdktm;avsmfaom ESvHk;oGif;jcif;onf
a½S;½Iwnf&m\}} ponfjzifh rdefUqdkxm;avonf/
41/ pnfudk wD;cwfí jzpfay:vmaom toHudkMum;&müum; ]]aomwÍö y#dpö oa'´ p OyÜZÆwd
aomw0dnmPH wdPÖH o*Fwd zaóm}} (oH? 1? 301) paom ed'ge0*foH,kwf 'ku©okwf ygVdawmfESifh
EdIif;,SOf&m\? ygVdawmfüvnf; y#dpö\ teuft"dyÜm,fudk þodkU aumuf,l&rnf[k t|omvdeD
t|uxmq&m rdefUrSmawmfrl\? ]]toHbdEéwåm aomwó tmygx*wwåm o'´geH tmumooEédódwH
reodum&a[wkuH pwl[d ypöa,wd OyÜZÆwd aomw0dnmPH o'¨ð orÜ,kawå[d}} (tbd? |? 1? 321)

tpodkU
(t|omvdeD t|uxm) aomwyom'ESifh o'´g½kHudk tpGJûyí aomw0dnmPf jzpf\ [l&mü

aomwyom'vnf; rysufpD;ygrS o'´g½kHvnf; xifjcif;odkU a&mufygrS [if;vif;jyifvnf;½SdygrS
ESvHk;oGif;jcif;vnf; ½SdygrS ,if;odkU taMumif;av;csuf nDrSomvQif aomw0dnmPf Mum;odpdwf jzpfonf?
jzpfaomf wpfckckcsif; jzpfonfr[kwf/ orÜ,kwfw&m;wdkUESifh twlwuG jzpfonf? þodkU aumuf,l&rnf[k
jyñTefawmfrl\/
42/ þodkUqdkaomf OD;Ouú| tvdk½Sdaom ½kyfrS emrfjzpfonf[laomteufonf tuGufrvnf
ysufjy,favawmh\? rSef\-pnfudk toHjzpfatmif wD;&mü wD;cwfol\ wD;rnf[laom pdwfç wD;qJcPü
jzpfaom reodum& emrfw&m;rsm; rygbJ todkUvQif toHjzpfay:vmrnfenf;/ xkdUaMumifh OD;Ouú|ESifh
wynfhtodkif;t0dkif;wdkU\ ½kyf0g'tjrifjzifh vkyforQonf y&rw¬ tbd"r®moabmw&m;ESifh rnDñGwf&um;
t"r®0g'omjzpfonf[k trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

jAm[®Pur®0g'ESifh Ak'©ur®0g' jcm;em;csuf
43/ pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifu ]],ckvuf½Sd bmomqdkonfrSmum; Ak'ä[m jAm[®Pa[m
a0'a[m ta[moHk;rsdK; pkaygif;um tm;vHk; yd#uwfwGif yg0ifaeaom tqdktrdefUrsm; jzpfygonf?
oHo&mvnfapwwfaom w&m;rsm;jzifh ½IyfaxG;aeygonf bk&m;? xkdUaMumifh bmom[laom t,ludk
vufrcHyg}}[lí acsyajz½Sif;xm;onf? jAm[®Pa[m a0'a[m[k pum;2-vHk; xyfí qdkojzifh
ocifjrwfqdkifonf jAm[®PwdkY\ (Vedic System) a0'usrf;*efvm oabmw&m; tpDtpOfudk
em;rvnfaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/ ,if; a0'usrf;*ef tpDtpOf[lonfrSm-
(1) a0'oHk;yHk? wpfenf; av;yHk?
(2) jAm[®Pusrf;?
(3) tm&Psuusrf;?
(4) OyedoQm'fusrf; -
[lí tMurf;pm;tm;jzifh av;rsdK;½Sdonf/
44/ a0'oHk;yHkqdkonfrSm-
(1) &d*fa0'?
(2) qmrmefa0'?
(3) ,*sK&fa0'-
[lí jzpfonf? xdkwGif &d*fa0'om y"metusqHk; jzpfonf? ,if;&d*fa0'wGif rD;ç aeç £E´ç aomrç 0½kPç
yl&Sef paom ewfbk&m;rsm;\ wefcdk;t½Sdeft0gudk azmfjycsD;usL;jcif; qkawmif;jcif;rQom yg½Sdonf?
qmrmefa0' [lonf xdk&d*fa0'xJrS aumufEkwfa½G;xkwfí rD;ylaZmf&mtcgü ½Gwfqdk&rnfh *gxm rEÅefrsm;
aygif;xnfh pDpOfxm;aomusrf; jzpfonf? ,*sK&fa0' [lonfrSm ,ZfylaZmfrIESifh pyfaom tpDtpOfç

tpodkU
,ZfylaZmf&rnfh ,Zfyka&m[dwf\ *kPft*Fg vu©Pm ponfrsm;udk txl;azmfjyaomusrf; jzpfonf?

aemufwdk;jzpfaom tmx&fAa0'[lonfrSm a&m*ga0'emvu©Pmrsm; azmfjyjcif;ç aq;0g;ukojcif;ç
taqmiftzGJUrsm; pD&ifjcif;paom twwfynmrsm; xyfrHjznfhpGufvsuf txufyg a0'oHk;yHkrS
xdkufonfhtavsmuf ,liifoHk;pGJvsuf pkpnf;pDpOfxm;aom usrf;rQom jzpfonf? xkdUaMumifh
xdka0'oHk;yHk(0g)av;yHkrSm Ak'¨0g'xJodkU tenf;i,frQyif yg0ifvmp&m r½Sday? taMumif;rlum;
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf a0'udk tvsOf;oifhwdkif; tESpfom&r½SdaMumif; tBudrfBudrf
a[mawmfrlcJhaomaMumifhwnf;/
45/ jAm[®Pusrf;[lonfrSm jA[®mBuD;udk toufoGif;í yZmywd (=owå0gwdkU\ocif)ç
[d&n*AÇ(=a½TOBuD;xJü oaE¨wnfvmaom wefcdk;½Sif)ç £ó&(=tpdk;&ol)ç 0dem,u(=owå0gwdkU\
t½Sifocif OD;aqmifa½SUoGm;) paom pum;vHk;wdkUjzifh awG;awmMuHqí &Edkifaumif;aom *kPfyk'frsm;jzifh
wefqmqifvsuf urÇmBuD;udk zefqif;oltaejzifh a&;om; pDpOf wDxGifvmMuaom usrf; jzpfonf?
a0'acwfwGif urÇmavmuudk zefqif;ol[laom wefcdk;½Sif ray:ao;? ,ck jAm[®Pusrf;udk pD&ifaom
acwfusrS zefqif;ol wefcdk;½Sif[laom £ó&edr®meay:vmonf? a0'EÅusrf;ü awGU&aom jA[®ef[laom
Supreme Reality ac: y&rwwG oabmudk þjAm[®Pusrf;ü ewfbk&m;tjzpf awGU&onf?
þjAm[®PacwfwGifvnf; Ak'¨"r®wGif tusHK;0ifEdkifavmufp&m rnfonfhtcsufrQ ryg½Sday? taMumif;rlum;
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf wdw¬m,weokwf (tH? 1? 174)paom okwfwdkUü zefqif;½Sif0g'udk rdpämt,l[k
½IwfcsawmfrlcJhaomaMumifhwnf;/
46/ tm&Psuusrf; [lonfum; OyedoQm'fusrf;rsm; ray:rD awmüaeí rD;ylaZmfaom
&aohwdkU\ tawG;tac:rS jzpfay:vmaom zDavmfaqmfzD oabmw&m;a&;&mrsm; pwifxkwfazmfvmaom
usrf; jzpfonf? yx0D paom xlvobm0 ½kyfMurf;w&m;rsm;ç pdwf-re paom odrfarGUaom
obm0w&m;rsm;ç aMomif;[kac:aom jyP0 oabmw&m;rsm; 3-rsdK; xkwfazmfvmonf? xdkusrf;udk
awmüaeaom &aohwdkU\ vuf&mjzpfaomaMumifh tm&Psuusrf;[k ac:onf? xdkusrf;yg
tawG;tac:rsm;ü odrfarGUeufeJ cufcJaom todynmrsm; rygvSao;? OyedoQm'fusrf;rsm;\ tajccH
tpysdK;avmufESifh Zmwd0g' ur®0g' paom tcsuftvufrQom yg0ifonf? odkUaomf aemufay:
OyedoQm'fusrf;rsm;udk ponfjzifh txufyg jAm[®Pusrf; tm&Psuusrf;wdkUrS

vrf;pudk ,lí csJUxGifûyjyifxm;aMumif; awGU&onf? xkdUaMumifh xdktm&Psuusrf;vm oabmw&m;rsm;ESifh
Ak'¨0g'oabmw&m;rsm;um; xef;vsufcJESifh i½kyfoD;uJhodkU rEdIif;,SOfEdkifavmufatmif t&omuGmjcm;í
aeayonf? ,if;odkU jzpfaomaMumifh Ak'¨"r®ü xdkusrf;vm tqdktrdefUrsm; yg0ifvdrfhrnfavm[k
awG;awm,HkrSm;zG,fyif r½Sdacs/
47/ OyedoQm'fusrf;[lonfum; ,if; Vedic System av;rsdK;wGif aemufydkif;tusqHk; jzpfí
tawG;tac:rsm;vnf; tawmftxufwef;usí eufeJvmayonf? q&mteD;odkU eD;uyfpGm csOf;uyfxdkifaeí

tpodkU
,Hk,HkMunfMunf &if;&if;ESD;ESD; aqG;aEG;oifMum;&mrS jzpfay:vmaom aqG;aEG;csufrsm;[laom

t"dyÜm,ftm;jzifh Oyedom'(0g)OyedoQm'f[k ac:onf/
48/ oQHu&musm&,\ tqdktm;jzifh

]]tvHk;pHkaom tusdK;rJhudk ûywwfaom oHo&mudk zsufqD;wwf oHo&m\ taMumif;jzpfaom
t0dZÆmudk avsmh&Japwwf jA[®mhxHodkU a&mufapwwfaomaMumifh Oyedom' rnfowwf}}? ,if;
OyedoQm'fusrf;rsm;udk ,ckacwfynm½Sifrsm; todtrSwfûycsuft& usrf;aygif; 150-cefU½Sdonf[k
od&onf? ,if;wdkUwGif tcsuftvufwifjyyHk ½Sif;vif;jcif; a½S;usjcif;[laom ½Iaxmifhjzifh q,fhESpfusrf;
q,fhoHk;usrf;cefUom ynm½Sifrsm;\ av;pm;jcif;udk cH&onf? tESpfom&tm;jzifh obm0w¬ynm
'óe[lorQwdkU\ a&aomufjrpfozG,f txnfudk,ftaetm;jzifh wnf½Sdí twGif;pdwfESifh ywfoufaom
awG;ac:rIordkif;wGif tdE´d,om;wdkU\ vGefpGm ta&;ay;jcif; urÇmYynm½Sdrsm; avhvmrSwfom;jcif;
todtrSwfûyjcif;udk cHEdkifavmufatmif tawmftoifh tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vmayonf? odkU&mwGif
Ak'¨"r®ESifh EdIif;pmvQif awmifydkUi,fESifh [dr0EÅmyrm tuGmBuD;uGmí aeonf? Ak'¨"r®usrf;*efrsm;xJodkU
yg0ifaeonf[k t&rf;rJhpGyfpGJMuaom taemufEdkifiH ordkif;ynm½SifwdkUESifhwuG ,if;wdkU\aemufvdkuf
OD;Ouú| q&mwynfhwdkUonf rnfonfhtcsufonf jAm[®P0g'ç rnfonfhtcsufonf Ak'¨0g'[lí
cGJa0ydkif;jcm;wwfaom todÓPfenf;Muojzifh rdrdwdkU ÓPfrrSDaom tcsufç r,HkMunfEdkifaom
tcsufwdkUudk jAm[®P0g'[k vufñdI;xdk;um yd#uwfawmfrS ûzwfy,fvdkMu\? Oyrm-ur®óuwmESifh
ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dwdkUudk o½kyfruGJjcif;ç tewåudktajccHaom Ak'¨\ ur®0g'ESifh twåudktajccHaom
jAm[®PwdkU\ ur®0g'vHk;axG;a&m,Sufvsufaejcif;ç ewfjynf i&Jjynf toHcsif; trnfcsif;wl½kHrQjzifh
teufoabm tESpfom& rnfodkU uGJjym;onfudk EdIufeJjcif;r½SdbJ 2-ckvHk;udk wef;wlnDwlxm;um
Ak'¨"r®xJrS tawmfrsm;rsm;udk bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k qdkaeMuayonf? xkdUaMumifh apm'emwifvTm 21-
csufwdkUwGif tusHK;0ifí ygvmorQaom xdktqdkrsm;udk 0depä,q&mawmfrsm;u qdkif&mqdkif&m ajz½Sif;vsuf
qHk;jzwfcsuf csay;awmfrlMuonf/
49/ a0'usrf;vm ur®0g'udk tenf;i,f xkwfjyOD;tHh? a0'a½SUydkif;ü ewfwdkUudk
aumif;aomuHudk apmifha½Smufwwfaom ol? aumif;uH-raumif;uHudk
jrifwwfol? urÇmavmuBuD;\ vkyfief;udpö[lorQ\ wnf&m?

trSefw&m;\ vJavsmif;&m? jyif;xefaom tusifhudk aqmifcJhol ponfjzifh ewfwdkUudk
csD;usK;cJhNyD; aemufydkif;ü ESifh (aumif;rI raumif;rI) wdkUudk cGJjcm; pOf;pm;vmcJhMuonf?

tpodkU
,ckb0rwdkifrD a½S;umvü aumif;rI raumif;rIudk ûycJhjcif;ç ,if;aMumifh ,ckb0ü tajctaetrsdK;rsdK;

jzpfay:vm&jcif;ç aovGefNyD;aemuf a&muf&mb0opfü uH\tusdK; zvudk cHpm;&jcif;ç owå0gwdkUudk
uHuom zefwD;jcif;? ewfjynf a&mufaMumif;vrf;? bdk;bGm;ESifh

twlwuGoGm;a&mufaexdkifa&;vrf;aMumif; ponfrsm;udk zefwD;jcif;ç ,ZfylaZmfrItrsdK;rsdK;ç tpDtrH
trsdK;rsdK;jzifh aumif;rIudk êud;yrf; tm;xkwfjcif;ç urÇmavmuBuD;ü ½Sd½SdorQ t&mrsm;udk

owå0gwdkUuHu pDrHjcif;ç owå0gwdkU cH&pH&orQonf a½S;uHaMumifhom jzpf&jcif;[laom tcsufrsm;onf
[dkrSm onfrSm usJjyefUaeaom a0'du ur®0g' tqdktrdefUrsm; jzpfMuonf/
50/ þoabmw&m;rsm;udk pOf;pm;aomf ur®óuwmESifh ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dESpfrsdK;vHk;yif
þa0'duur®ü yg0ifaeonfudk awGU&rnf? aumif;uHaMumifh aumif;usdK;&jcif; raumif;uHaMumifh
raumif;usdK;&jcif;onf a0'ESifh Ak'¨0g'wlnDaom tajccH jzpf\? odkUaomf a0'onf aumif;rItpDtrHudk
,ZfylaZmfrI OD;pm;ay;í qdkonf? ,if;udk ac:onf Ak'¨0g'onf pdwfjzLpifrI pdwfnpfñl;rIudk

y"meûyí jzLpifMunfvifaom pdwfjzifh ûyvkyfjcif;ç ajymqdkjcif;ç MuHpnfawG;awmjcif;wdkUudk
ukodkvfuH[kac:í avmb a'gowdkUjzifh npfEGrf;aom pdwfjzifh ûyvkyfjcif;ç ajymqdkjcif;ç MuHpnf
awG;awmjcif;wdkUudk tukodkvfuH[k qdkonf? a0'duur®0g'tvdk owå0gESifh avmuudk wefcdk;½Sif
zefqif;½SifwdkUu owå0gwdkUuHtavsmuf zefwD;onf[k qdkonf? Ak'¨0g'u A[d'ävmuBuD;udk
owå0gwdkU\ uHESifhwuG Owked,mrç ADZed,mrç "r®ed,mrtaMumif;wdkUu zefwD;onf[k ñTefjyonf?
a0'duur®0g't& owå0gwdkU cHpH&orQ a½S;uHaMumifhom jzpfonf[k ,lonf? (ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dyif
jzpf\) Ak'¨0g'uHt& owå0gwdkUudk a½S;uHuvnf;aumif;? a½S;uHcsnf;om r[kwfrlí ,ck ypöu©ü
rdrdvkyfaqmifrI ypöKyÜefuHuvnf;aumif;? ur®ed,mr pdwåed,mr "r®ed,mrwdkUuvnf;aumif;
zefwD;onf[k ,lonf/
,if;odkU a0'duur®0g'ESifh Ak'¨\ur®0g'wdkUü wlnDMuonfhtcsufu b,f[mç
uGJjym;onfhtcsufu b,foif;[lí uGJuGJjym;jym; em;vnfrI r½SdMuaomaMumifh OD;Ouú|ESifh
vufusefwynfhausmfwdkUu [dE´LjAm[®P0g'awG yd#uwfpmayxJ 0ifaeonf[k vSefUum yd#uwfawmfudk
tcgrsm;pGm y,frSm;cJhMuavonf? Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf rD;vkyfauR;aom qHuspf&aohç ur®0g'D y&AdkZfwdkUudk
&[ef;ûycGifh ay;awmfrlcJhonfrSm taMumif;tusdK;udk y,faom Annihilationist ac:aom ta[wkuç
tud&d,ç ew¬du0g'Drsm; r[kwfaomaMumifh jzpfavonf? tcsKyfrSm Ak'önf ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dudk
y,fawmfrlí ,ZfylaZmfrI rygaom ur®0g'udk vufcHawmfrlonf? a0'duur®0g'ü zefqif;rI ygonf?
,ZfylaZmfrIudk OD;pm;ay;onf? ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|d ygonf? þodkUaom jcm;em;csufudk ocifjrwfqdkifwdkU
rodEdkif½SmMuay/


tpodkU
ewfESifh i&Jqdkif&m [dE´L0g'ESifh Ak'¨0g'

EdIif;,SOfavhvmoHk;oyfcsuf
51/ AdoQEkyk&mPftvdk twv? 0dwv? edwv? *bw¬drm? r[mwv(e*g;rif;BuD;rsm;
ae&mbHk) okwv? ygwmv[l atmufbHk 7-bHk ½Sdonf? wpfzef y'fryl&mPftvdk-
1/ twv (r[mrm, ewfrif;BuD;\ aus;uRefrsm;ae&m)
2/ 0dwv ([mwaua½T& ac:aom od0\ yHko@mefu tkyfcsKyfaomae&m)
3/ okwv (Avdewf tkyfcsKyfaomae&m)
4/ wvmwv (rm,ewfrif;BuD; tkyfcsKyfaomae&m)
5/ r[mwv (e*g;rif;BuD;rsm; ae&mbHk)
6/ &omwv (a'pöESifh 'ge0wdkY ae&mbHk)
7/ ygwmv (0gokuDe*g;rif; tkyfcsKyf&mbHk)
[lí atmufbHk ckESpfbHk ½Sdonf/
52/ ½Sd0 yk&mPftvdkum; ygwmvç wvç twvç wmvç 0d"dygwmvç ½S&fu&mblrdç
0dZvbHk[lí trnftrsdK; uGJonfhtjyif ocsFmrSmvnf; 8-bHk jzpfaeonf? þrQum; yk&mPfusrf;tvdk
atmufbHkac: 'k*¾wdbHkrsm;jzpfonf/

txufbHk ckESpfbHk
1/ blavmu (t0Dpdi&JrS jrif;rdk&fawmifxdyftxd ajravmu)
2/ bl0 (jrif;rdk&fawmifxdyfrS "l0HMu,ftxd ae&m) ( The world of intermediate space )
3/ qG&favmu 5-bHk
(1) ra[E´&bHk
(2) r[&f; (jA[®mBuD;\ om;orD;rsm;ae&m)
(3) Zeavmu (qewf? qmeE´? qewfukrm&wdkU ae&m)
(4) wy&favmu (a0&m*Dewfrsm;\ ae&m)
(5) qwsavmu (0g) jA[®avmu (jA[®mBuD;\ ae&m)
þbHka&mufvQif b0ukefNyD[k qdkvdkonf/
a0'EÅESifh ocsFm0g'tvdk avmu 8-rsdK; (0g) bHk 8-bHk? (txufatmufa&mvsuf)-
(1) jA[®avmu (txufwef; ewfwdkU\ ae&mbHk)
(2) ydw&davmu (bdk;bGm;rsm;? &aohrsm;? yZmywdrsm;ae&m)
(3) aomravmu (vESifh tjcm;û*d[frsm;ae&m)
(4) £aÈávmu (atmufwef; ewfwdkUae&m)

tpodkU
(5) *EÄÁavmu (av[mjyif½Sd 0dnmOfwdkUae&m) ( Place of Heavenly Spirits )
(6) &u©oavmu (&u©dKofwdkU ae&m)

(7) ,u©avmu (bDvl;wdkU ae&m)
(8) ydompavmu (wapä rifpmwdkU ae&m)
53/ c&pfESpfray:rD ESpf 150-cefY (Ak'ÿGifhawmfrlNyD;aemuf ESpfaygif;500-cefU) u ay:xGef;aom
ywÍÆvdrked a&;onf[k qdkaom a,m*okwåü t0Dpdi&JBuD;\ txufbufwGif ygwmvi&J ckESpfbHk
azmfjyxm;onf/ t0Dpd i&JrS txuf i&JajcmufbHkum;-
(1) r[mumv i&J (wpfcJeuf rmausmaom ½kyf0w¬Krsm; 0dkif;&Hvsuf ½Sdonf)
(2) trÁ&Do i&J (a&xkBuD; 0dkif;&Hvsuf ½Sdonf)
(3) a&muf&0 (a&m½k0 r[kwf) (rD;jzifh 0dkif;&Hvsuf ½Sdonf)
(4) r[m a&muf&0 (a&xkBuD; 0dkif;&Hvsuf &Sdonf)
(5) umvokwå (avt,OfavvdIif;rsm; 0dkif;&Hvsuf &Sdonf)
(6) oE¨wmrd&S& (tarSmifxkBuD; 0dkif;&Hvsuf ½Sdonf)
t0Dpd i&JBuD;atmuf ygwmv i&JckESpfbHk [lonfum;-
(1) r[mwv
(2) &omwv
(3) twv
(4) okwv
(5) 0dwv
(6) wvmwv
(7) ygwmv [lí jzpfonf/
54/ rEkoH[dwmac: rEkowdü tcef; 11? *gxm 24-rS 28-txd i&Jaygif; 21-ck awGU&onf?
,if;wdkUum; wmNrdoQç tE¨wmNrdoQç r[ma&muf&0ç a&muf&0ç e&uç umvqlw&ç r[me&uç
qef*sD0eç r[m0Dusdç wyeç qrfjywmyeç qH,mweç pumvdkuç uk'frvç ykwdNrdwåduç avm[oQHukç
&d*sDoQç yE¦meç qmvfrvdç tqdyMw0eç vdk['g&u [lí jzpfonf/
55/ 0doQPkyl&mPfü tcef; 2^214-rS ta&twGufocsFmESifh trnfemruGJjym;aom
i&Jrsm;vnf; ½Sdao;onf? yl&mPfusrf;wdkU\ jzpfay:&mumvoufwrf;udk ynm½Sifrsm;u c&pfESpfray:rD
ESpfaygif; 600-rS c&pfay:NyD;aemuf ESpf 400-twGif; tESpfwpfaxmifcefUwGif acwftoD;oD;[k
cefUrSef;Muonf? ,if; yk&mPfusrf;wdkUwGifom trsm;tm;jzifh i&JbHkESifh txufbHkrsm; awGU&onf/
56/ Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifonf (bDpD 6-&mpkü) yGifhawmfrlcJhonf? xkdUaMumifh i&JbHktrsdK;rsdK;
ewfbHktrsdK;rsdK;udk azmfjyxm;aom yk&mPfusrf;rsm;onf Ak'äcwfaemufydkif;rS ay:vmMuaom usrf;rsm;

tpodkU
jzpfí ,lp&m½SdvQif Ak'üsrf;rsm;rS ,lí qdkMurnfom jzpfayonf? atmufbHkrsm;[k qdk&mü tawmftwef

wlnDrI awGU&aomfvnf; txufewfbHkç jA[®mbHkrsm;taMumif;um; trnfa&mta&twGufyg
wpfpdwfwpfa'orQ wlnDonfudk rawGU&acs? Ak'¨pmayrsm;üum; ewfjynfajcmufxyf jA[®mESpfq,f
twdtus oufwrf;ESifhwuG azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&\? xdkewfjynfç jA[®mjynfodkUa&mufaMumif;
usifh0wf usifhpOfrsm;vnf; vQdKU0SufzHk;uG,fjcif; r½SdbJ twdtus azmfjyxm;onf? xdk txufwef; vlUjynf
ewfjynf jA[®mhjynfwdkUudk roGm;a&mufvdkawmhbJ ,ckb0üyif 31-bHkrS vGwfvdkygvQifvnf;
vGwf&mvGwfaMumif; 0dyóemvrf;pOf twdtus tjynfht0 ½Sdayonf? rnfolrqdk vufawGU
usifhoHk;Munfhygu {[dyódu*kPfESifh nDñGwfpGm tprf;toyfcHEdkifaom usifhpOfrsm;jzpfaMumif; awGU&rnf/
57/ jrefrmjynf w&m;Xmewpfckü 0dyóemtvkyfudk pGrf;pGrf;wrH tm;xkwfoGm;aom
taemufEdkifiHom; a,m*DwpfOD;u olUudk,fawGUudkazmfxkwfoGm;zl;\? {[dyódu*kPfudk ,HkMunfpGm
a'gufwm t,fvDZbufawaemhwif*efu þodkU a&;om; azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&onf/

It is a challenging experience for a Westerner to undergo a course in meditation at the International
Center. He not only may explore new realms of consciousness, but he can scarcely avoid the atempt to re-phrase
his experiences. Where possibe, in terms of his traditional religious beliefs. Furthermore, certain incidents,
certain expressions in both the Old and New Testaments spring to life, so to say, and take on new and vivid
meaning. For instance, the Biblical verse "If the eye be single the whole body will be full of light" may be
expertiences subjectively as almost literl truth by one who in practising Samadhi is able to approach one-
pointedness in his concentration. Indeed, many biblical phrases that to a Westerner may have seemed vague or
merely allegorical take on specific meaning thus recalling the fact that Judio-Christianity is a faith of eastern
rather than Western origion.
International Buddhist New Forum November
1961.Vol.1.No.11.
]]taemufEdkifiHom;wpfa,muftzdkU þ tjynfjynfqdkif&m ur®|mef;Xmeü orm"davhusifhcef;

,ljcif;onf pdrfac:aom avhusifhrIwpf&yfjzpfonf? ol\ raem0dnmOf[laom pdwf"mwf\ tcef;opfudk
odEdkif½kHrQru rd½dk;zvm bmoma&;,HkMunfcsuftaetm;jzifh awGUaeusjzpfaom ol\ tawGUtêuHrsm;udk
topfjyifqif&ef rêud;pm;bJ aeEdkifawmhrnfr[kwfay? onfomru "r®opf "r®a[mif; or®musrf;pmü
vm½Sdaom tjzpftysuf tawGUtêuHrsm;onf yHko@meftopf t"dyÜm,ftopfaqmifvdrfhrnf[k
qdkvdkufyg&apawmh? Oyrmtm;jzifh-oif\ rsufvHk;onf oif\ cE¨mudk,ftwGif;0,f wpfoefwnf;
pl;pdkufí aecJhvQif oif\ wpfudk,fvHk;onf tvif;a&mifjzifh jynfhESufí aevdrfhrnf}}[lí vmaom
þ"r®usrf;pmtqdkudk ol\ orm"dvkyfief;ü {u*¾wmusatmif vufawGUusifhoHk;aom xdkoltzdkU
twdtus teufrSef t"dyÜm,frSeftm;jzifh twGif;usus awGUêuHcHpm;&ygvdrfhrnf?
taemufEdkifiHom;wpfa,muftzdkU arS;rSdefí ae[ef½Sdaom (0g) ya[Vdqefí ae[ef½Sdaom

tpodkU
or®musrf;pmtqdktrdefU tajrmuftrsm;onfum; t"dyÜm,ftopf aqmifygvdrfhrnf?

c&pf,mefbmomw&m;onf taemufEdkifiHrS r[kwf? ta½SUEdkifiHrS tpûycJhonf[laom tcsufudk
owd&apygvdrfhrnf/
58/ ]]þrQavmuf av,mOfysHtzHkzHk û*d[fwktaxGaxGESifh tmumo,mOfrsm;jzifh
aumif;uifwpfckvHk; jynfhrwwf oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;íaeonfh acwfwGif ewfjynf[lívnf;aumif;?
i&Jjynf[lívnf;aumif; rawGU&yg}}[k ½kyf0g'Drsm;\ qdkjcif;onfum; rsufarG;wpfqHk;
tjrifuav;jzifhqdkjcif;om jzpfonf? ork'´&mudk ,kefoli,f axmufrrDouJhodkU us,fjyefUaom
avmu"mwftwGif; olwdkU rsufvHk;jriftm; ao;aeyHkudk zGifh[0efcHcsufom jzpfonf? odkU&mwGif
þurÇmajrBuD;twGif; i&Jjynf½SdEdkifaMumif;udkrl odyÜHynmu axmufcHouJhodkU ½SdaeacsNyD/
59/ þurÇmajronf tcsif;tm;jzifh tDauGwmwGif 7917-rdkif? ywfvnftem; 34902-rdkif?
xktm;jzifh oef; 260-ukArdkif ½Sdonf? twGif;wGif t&nfaysmf vIyf½Sm;aeaom oHç eDum,f udkazmhowåKrsm;
½Sdonf? twGif;ydkif;A[dkcsufrwGif tyl½Sdefonf ay 60 qif;wdkif; qif;wdkif; 1-'D*&D zm&if[dkuf ylEIef;ESifh
wGufcsufygu 35000-'D*&D ½Sdrnfjzpf&m aexuf 35-qrQ ydkí ylrnf? xdkodkU t&nfaysmf ylavmifaeaom
owåKaygif;pHkudk 3-rdkifrQ xkxnf½Sdaom ausmufom;jyifBuD;jzifh ywfvnf tkyfqdkif;xm;onf? xdktay:urS
ausmufom;wpfvTm xyfaeonf? xdkausmufom;vTmonf urÇmYwdkufBuD;rsm;atmufwGif rdkifaygif; 40-
cefUrQ xlaom xkx,fjzifh wnf½Sdonf/ þum; ,aeU odyÜHq&mwdkU\ ,lqcsuf jzpf\/
60/ (Where there is liquid There is life) t&nf"mwf½Sdaumif;aomae&mü
touf½Sdaumif;onf[laom odyÜHed,mrtwdkif; tvGefylí t&nfaysmfaeaom txuftqdkyg owåK&nf½Sd&m
a'oonf i&Jr[kwf[k rnfol qdkEdkiftHhenf;? þum; i&J½SdEdkifyHk odyÜHynmu axmufcHaomoufaownf;?
(ewfjynf-jA[®mhjynf taMumif;udk apm'em trSwf-15 0dedpä,ü pdppfMuukeftHh/)

ocifjrwfqdkif\ bmomt,lESifh ywfoufí
ajz½Sif;acsycsufudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf
61/ ocifjrwfqdkifu rlvyPÖmo r[moma&myrokwf (r? jref?1? 259)ü ]]&[ef;wdkU . . .
þomoemawmfBuD;onf vmbfoyÜum tausmftapm ½SdrItwGufr[kwf? oDv[laom tusdK;½SdrItwGuf
r[kwf? þomoemawmfonf 'ku©rS vGwfajrmufrI twGufomvQif jzpfonf? þonfvQif
tESpftom;wnf;? þonfyif tqHk;yef;wdkifwnf;}}[k a[mxm;aMumif; udk;um;í wynfhawmfrsm;onf
oHo&mwpfcGif vnfapwwfaom bmomudky,fí oHo&mrS vGwfajrmuf&mjzpfaom omoemudk
vufcHygonf bk&m;? bmomudk t,loabmjzifhom wynfhawmfwdkU owfrSwfygonf bk&m;[kavQmuf\?
t,ludk Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif y,fcJhaMumif; atmufygokwfrsm;t& aumufEkwfwifjyygonf bk&m;
[k qdkí rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf t*¾d0päokwf (r? jref?2? 163)wGif ]]igonf t,l[laom pum;udk y,fNyD;NyD?

tpodkU
cE¨mig;yg;\ csKyfjcif; csKyfaMumif;udk odNyD;NyD ig[lí xifrSwfpGJvrf;jcif;r½Sd? w&m;tm;vHk;udk vGwfNyD;NyD}}[k

a[mxm;awmfrl\[k qdkonf/
62/ ocifjrwfqdkif azmfjyaom txufygokwfudk pdppfaomtcg ygVdawmfü ]]£'H acg t[H
0pä tm'De0H orÜórmaem {0HH £rmed oAÁaom 'd|d*wmed tEky*awm}} (r? 2? 153) [lí vm½Sdonfudk
awGU&onf/ ygVdawmf jrefrmjyefü ]]0pä-igonf þtjypfudk aumif;pGm jrifEdkifonfjzpfíomvQif
þodkUtcgcyfodrf; 'd|dt,lwdkUodkU ruyfa&muf[k rdefUawmfrl\}} (r? jref?2? 162) þodkU jyefqdkxm;onf/
63/ þwGif ta&;BuD;aom tcsufrSm &DvD*sif;rS vmaom bmom[laompum;vHk;ESifh
'd|d*wyk'frS vmonfh rdpämt,lwdkU\ jcm;em;csufudkrjrifbJ twlxm;í ocifjrwfqdkif qdkrdacsonf?
apm'uq&mawmfwdkU wifjyaom bmomrJh [lonfrSm-bmomw&m; [lorQwdkUudk odrf;usHK;ykwfcwf
tjypfqdkNyD; pGefUy,fxm;onfhtwGuf þolrsm;onf bmomrJholrsm;jzpfonf[k qdkvdk\? bmom[laom
pum;jzifh rdpämt,ludkqdkvdkonfr[kwfay? oufqdkif&m bk&m;a[mpum;awmf tqHk;trawmfudk bmom[k
qdkvdkjcif; jzpf\? odkUjzpfí ocifjrwfqdkif\ ajzMum;csufonf apm'emESifh tenf;i,frQ
pyf[yfudkufnDjcif; r½dSaom ajzqdkcsuf jzpfonf/
64/ wpfzef rlvyPÖo oav’cokwfwGif ]]t,lrSefu rdrdt,ludkyg wpfzefjyefvnfí
pGefUvTwfavmh? þum; at;Nidrf;&ef jzpf\}}[k þokwfwGif 16-BudrfrQ yg½dSygonf bk&m; [k
ocifjrwfqdkifu udk;um;í qdkxm;\? ygVdawmfü trSef½dSonfum; ]]rdrd t,ludk vGefpGm pJGvrf;um jrJjrHpGm
,lvsuf jyefvnf rpGefUvTwfEdkifaom yk*¾dKvftm; rdrdt,ludk vGefpGm rpJGvrf;bJ jrJjrHpGm r,lbJ
pGefUvTwfEdkifjcif;onf at;Nidrf;&ef jzpf\}} (r? jref?1? 60/) [k yg½dS\? þoav’cokwf\ qdkvdk&if;um;
olUtoufudk owfavh½dSaom oltm; ygPmwdygwrS a½SmifMuOfjcif;onf at;Nidrf;&ef jzpf\/ y/
rdpämt,l½dSaom yk*¾dKvftm; or®mt,lç ,ljcif;onf at;Nidrf;&ef jzpf\? rdrdt,ludk jyefvnf
rpGefUvTwfEdkifavmufatmif vGefpGm pJGvrf; jrJjrHpGm ,laomoltm; þodkU vGefpGm rpJGvrf;bJ jrJjrHpGm r,lbJ
pGefUvTwfEdkifjcif;onf at;Nidrf;&ef jzpf\? þodkU vm½dS\? ocifjrwfqdkif qdkouJhodkU t,lrSefu
rdrdt,ludkyg wpfzef jyefvnfí pGefUvTwfavmh [laom teuft"dyÜm,frsKd; rvmr½dSacs? þvnf;
bmomt,l0g'ESifh rdpämt,l þESpfrsKd;onf tenf;i,frQ qufpyf wlnDjcif; r½dS? t,l[laom pum;vHk;
wlumrQjzifh rdrdvdk&mqJGNyD; ocifjrwfqdkif udk;um;aejcif;om jzpfonf/
65/ rZösdryPÖmo? 'DCecokwf 156-wGif ]]t,ltm;vHk;udk ig rESpfouf[k qdkavh½dSolç
t,ltm;vHk;udk ESpfoufolç t,ltcsKdUudk ESpfouftcsKdUudk rESpfoufol [lí oHk;rsKd; ½dS\? þtxJü
t,ltm;vHk;udk rESpfoufaom olomvQif oHa,mZOfukef&m wPSmukef&m udavom Nidrf;&m eD;pyf&m
eD;pyf\[k a[monf (qdkvdk&if;udk twdkcsKyfazmfjyjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;? tus,fudk rlvokwfwGif
Munfh½Iawmfrlyg bk&m;) [k ocifjrwfqdkif qdk\? xdk'DCecokwf ygVdawmfudk Munfh½IoHk;oyf&mwGif þodkU
awGU&\/

tpodkU
wMw*¾da0óe a, aw orPjAm[®Pm {0H 0g'daem {0H 'd|daem oAÁH ar eu©rwDwd?

aw or,H 'd|d to&m*g, oEÅdau tonm0g, oEÅdau tebdeEém, oEÅdau
teaZösmome, oEÅdau tEkyg'gem, oEÅdauwd/ (r? 2/ 166/)
[kawGU&onf? þ ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef rl&if;ü ]]t*¾da0óe. . . xdkoHk;rsKd;aom yk*¾dKvfwdkUwGif
t,ltm;vHk;udk ig rESpfouf[k þodkU qdkavh½dSukefaom þodkU ,lavh½dSukefaom olwdkU\ t,l0g'onf
jyif;pGm rwyfjcif;iSm eD;pyf\? oHa,mZOf rjzpfjcif;iSm eD;pyf\? tvGefrESpfoufjcif;iSm eD;pyf\? rvTrf;rdk;
rzdpD;jcif;iSm eD;pyf\? jyif;pGm rpJGvrf;jcif;iSm eD;pyf\[k rdefUawmfrl\}} (r? jref?2? 176/)? þodkU
jyefqdkxm;onfudk awGU&onf? ocifjrwfqdkifonf jrefrmjyefudk tusOf;csKH;í qdk&mwGif vdk&if;trSefudk
xdrdatmifrqdkbJ csefxm;ívnf;aumif;? tydkxnfhpGufívnf;aumif; qdkxm;onfudk awGU&\?
bmomt,l0g'ESifh rdpämt,l þESpfrsKd;udk wlnDav[ef a&maESmí qdkxm;aomaMumifh bmomrJh apm'emudk
ajzqdk&m ra&mufay/
67/ ¤if;aemuf Oy&dyPÖmo? omr*grokwf 36-wGif ]]tmeE´m. . . tMuif &[ef;onf
aus;Zl;udk acszsufavh½dS\? *kPfûydifavh½dS\? 0efwdkavh½dS\? [efaqmifwwf\? vSnfhywfwwf\?
,kwfnHhaom tvdkqdk;½dS\? rdrdt,lom rSef\[k pJGjrJpGm ,lavh½dS\? xdkt,ludk pGefUEdkifcJ\? xdk&[ef;onf
odu©moHk;yg;udk rusifhaom &[ef;wnf;}} xdkUaMumifh wynfhawmfrsm;onf bmomudkvnf; pGefUonf?
t,ludkvnf; pGefUygonf bk&m;[k qdkjyefonf? þokwfudk udk;&mwGifvnf; a½SUenf;twlyif
bmomt,l0g'ESifh rdpämt,ludk wpfwef;wpfpm;wnf; xm;í udk;um;NyD;aemuf bmomudkvnf; pGefUonf?
t,ludkvnf; pGefUonf[k bmomESifh t,lcJGjcm;í qdkjyefonf? a½SUaemuf tNrD;tarmufrwJhaom tqdkom
jzpfaMumif;xif½Sm;avonf? ocifjrwfqdkifonf bmomESifh 'd|d*w-t,l (rdpämt,l) [laom
pum;ESpfvHk;udk xyfwlûyí aom"emwifoGif;&mü ol\ vdk&if;rSm bmomqdkwm rdpäm'd|d jzpfygw,f?
'gaMumifh bmomudk ypfy,fygw,f [k qdkvdk&if; jzpf\? ol\ qdkvdkcsufudk cdkifrmatmif bk&m;a[m
ygVdawmfrsm;xJrS ('d|d*w)[laom pum;vHk;ygonfh okwfjrefrmjyefrsm;udk ½SmazGNyD;
udk;um;,ljcif;jzpfayonf? odkU&mwGif bmomç bmoma&; Ak'¨bmom ponfwdkUü yg½dSaom bmom[laom
a0g[m&onf rdpäm'd|d[laom teufudk ra[mojzifh ocifjrwfqdkif\ êud;pm;csufonf
tcsnf;ESD;jzpfavonf/
68/ ocifjrwfqdkifu aemufqHk;taejzifh ]]wpfenf;qdkaomf apm'u q&mawmfrsm; wifjyaom
bmomrJh qdkonfrSmvnf; [kwfygonf bk&m;? ½kyf0g'Dorm;rsm; qdkonfrSmvnf; rSefygonf bk&m;}} [k
0efcHavQmufxm;\/ þodkU avQmufxm;&mwGif 'DCedum,f ygxdu0*f o*Ðwdokwf 202- ü jrif&-
xdawGU&aom ½kyfç rjrif& xdawGU&aom ½kyfç rjrif&-xdawGUí r&aom ½kyf þoHk;rsKd;udk a[mygonf[k
qdkjyefonf? xdkocifjrwfqdkif udk;um;aom okwfü vmaom ½kyfoHk;rsKd;[lonfrSm oed'óe oyÜ#dC½kyf

tpodkU
(½lyg½Hk)ç ted'óe oyÜ#dC½kyf (½lyg½HlrS wyg; MoVm&du½kyf 11)ç ted'óe tyÜ#dC½kyf (okckr½kyf-16)
[lí oHk;rsKd;wnf;/
69/ wpfzef um,*wmowdokwfudk udk;um;í qH tp½dSaom ½kyfwdkUudk xkwfjy\? ,if;odkU
txuf½kyfoHk;rsKd;ESifh qH tp&dSaom ½kyfwdkUudk rDSí wynfhawmfwdkUonf Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;awmfrlaom
½kyfw&m;ESifhtnD q|rl jrefrmjyef yd#uwfawmft&om udk;uG,folrsm; jzpfygonf [k qdkaomaMumifh
pk'dwuwdkUonf ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; txl;oHk;oyfaezG,fyif rvdkay/
70/ þuJhodkU oufaocH pmtkyfpmwrf; wdwfacGwdkUESifhwuG 0dedpä,½Hk;awmfü
xGufqdkcsufrsm;t& pk'dwuwdkUonf bmomrJh½kyf0g'Drsm;jzpfaMumif; tvGefxif½Sm;onf?
xdkbmomrJh½kyf0g'udk tajccHNyD; pk'dwuwdkU ajymorQ a[morQ a&;orQ tm;vHk;onfvnf; ax&0g'
yd#uwfawmfESifh qefUusifaomaMumifh "r®0de,ESifh ravsmfaom t"r®0g'rsm;jzpfonf[k EdkifiHawmf
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGUtrSwf(2) q&mawmfrsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; 0dedpä,csrSwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf (2)
apm'em trSwf (2)
vlaovljzpf 0dedpä,
1/ þ vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh ywfoufí apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu ]]vlaovljzpf[lí
pdwful;ayguf&m vdkufvHa[majym a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí apm'emcsufyg bk&m;}}[k acgif;pOfwyfum-
awmifwGif;BuD; OD;OuúX\ vlaovljzpf tp½dSaom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; a&;om;xkwfa0jcif;
oifwef;ay;jcif; a[majym pnf;½Hk;jcif; paom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí Ak'¨"r®ESifh
qefUusif½Hkomru Ak'ÿd#uwfawmfvm bk&m;a[mw&m;rsm;udkyif r[kwfrrSef toHk;csxm;vsuf ½dSaMumif;
oufao taxmuftxm;rsm;udk xkwfEkwfwifjy avQmufxm;oGm;Muonf/
(u) vlom;qdkwJh owå0g aoqHk;oGm;NyD;aemuf tu,fpifppf jzpfcGifhjzpfp&m jzpfzdkU
tvm;tvmrsm;½dScJhao;vQif vlrSwpfyg; tjcm;bmrQjzpfp&mr½dS/
(vlaovljzpf pmtkyf-'k-tBudrf½dkuf 4)
(c) vuf½dS urÇmavmuwGif txGwftxdyfjzpfaom tEÅdrtajctaeodkU a&mufíaeaom
vlom;onf aemufodkU jyefqkwfí zkwfESifh Nydwåmç wapäESifhrifpmç i&JaumifESifh
wd&pämefowå0grsm; jzpf&eftaMumif; vHk;0 r½dSawmhacs/
(,if;vlaovljzpf331)
(*) oHa,m*okwfü bk&m;yif vlaovljzpf0g' a[mav[ef vkyfMuHpGyfpJGaomtm;jzifh
]]y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemawmfBuD; OD;xdyfxm;NyD; Oyg'gef rjywfao;wJhvl aovQif
vlyJjzpfr,fqdkwm usKyfucsnf;a[mwm r[kwfygbl;/ bk&m;½Sifudk,fwdkif
oHa,m*okwfBuD;eJY zGifhNyD;a[mxm;wm txift½Sm; ygVdawmfrSm yg½dSw,f}}
(opöm"r®pmapmif? twJG 1? trSwf 1)

2/ (u) OD;OuúX\ om0uBuD; ocifjrwfqdkifonf vlaovljzpf jyóem 162-163 ü
rSwfwrf;wifcJhonfrSm-
'DvdkuG. . . udk,hf½kyfudk,fhemrftay:rSm wu,fpJGwJh ½kyfemrfo@mef t½dSudk pJGwJh
twå0g'kyg'gef twdkif; vl[mvlyJjzpfw,f/ ukodkvfç tukodkvfudpöu oleJU
rqdkifao;bl;? 'gayrJh um,uHç 0pDuHç raemuH pwJh udk,fEIwfESvHk; raumif;wJh
½kyfysufu jyefay:vmwJh blw½kyf qdkawmh ½kyfqdk; jzpfvmr,f? qdkygawmhuGm ajcwdkcsif
wdkr,f? vufrygcsif rygbl;? raemuH MuyfMuyfqdk;wJh ½kyfusawmh
awmfawmftusnf;wefwJh ½kyfqdk; ½kyf0g;rsKd;ayghuGm? 'Dqdk;vmwJh ½kyfysufu jyefaygif;pyfwJh

tpodkU
½kyfopfrSef&if rsufpd,ifvnf; csKdU,Gif;r,f? yg;pyfjyJ rsufjyL;,ifvnf;jzpfr,f? acgif;,if

BuD;r,f? 'grSr[kwf udk,fwGif;u toJwdkU ESvHk;wdkUyg nHhzsif;vm,if toufygwdkr,f}}
(c) at;. . . bmoma&;q&mawG ajymovdk vlUtjzpf vlUb0 &if;pm;jyef&zdkUawmif
b,favmuf cJ,Of;oav;? b,ftusifh½dSrSav;? b,f 'geygrS qdkwmrsKd;awG rif;u
,Hkcsifao;ovm;uG? 'gawGu pm;vrf;yJ/ (,if;ESm-191)
þodkU ponf oufaoom"ursm; xkwfí apm'emcJhMuonf/

3/ EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2)½Hk;awmfodkU awmifwGif;BuD; OD;OuúXESifhwuG
¤if;\ aemufvdkufaemufyg yk*¾dKvfrsm; a&;om; ajyma[mcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí Ak'¨0g'ESifh
vHk;0qefUusifaom t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif; apm'em 21-csufudk apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u
wifoGif;cJhMuonf? xdkapm'em 21-csufwdkUwGif OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ¤if;\ wynfhvufom;wdkUonf bmomrJh
omoemrJh bmoma&; omoema&; ta&ûcH ½kyf0g'Drsm;om jzpfaMumif; yxrapm'emcsufESifh ,ck
OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g'onf pdwful;,Of t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif; apm'emtrSwf (2) þapm'em
2-&yfonf usefapm'emtm;vHk;\ tajccH a&aomufjrpf jzpfayonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ½kyf0g'Drsm;jzpfí bk&m;w&m;awmfrS vrf;ajymif;um vlaovljzpf0g'udk
pdwful;jzifh yHkazmfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ þuJhodkU ½kyf0g'tajccHESifh wnfaqmufaom vlaovljzpf0g'udk
,kwdåwefap&ef twGuf 31-bHk y,fjcif;ç uHç uH\tusKd;y,fjcif;ç twdwftem*wf y,fjcif;ç tbd"r®mudk
ykwfcwfjcif;ç oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk apmfum;jcif;ç orx 0dyóemvrf;pOfudk zsufqD;jcif;ç
0denf;usifh0wfudk ausmfeif;jcif;ç &[ef;aumif; ½Sifaumif;rsm;udk wdkufcdkufjcif;ç y&dwf½GwfrIç
"mwfawmfqHawmf udk;uG,frIç oDvaqmufwnfrI paom Ak'¨bmom "avhxHk;pHwdkUudk jyuf&,fûyjcif;ç
ae&mwumü Oyg'gefvufeufudk toHk;ûyjcif;ç edAÁmefESifh "r®pMumtrSefudk vkyfMuHjcif;ç ygVdawmftwkrsm;
ûyvkyfí 0g'jzefUjcif;ç Ak'¨0ifudk ½Iwfcsjcif;ç oH*g,em 6-wefudk ayghysufap&ef tm;xkwfjcif;ç
ygVdawmftppfrsm;udk jAm[®P0g'[k pGyfpJGNyD; ûzwfxkwfowfjzwfjcif; tvkyfwdkUudk ûyvkyfMujcif;
jzpfayonf? odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ,ck½Hk;awmfodkU pJGcsufwifxm;aom tcsuf 21-csufwdkUwGif
,ckvlaovljzpf apm'emonf 'kwd, a&aomufjrpf jzpfaom tajccHapm'em jzpfayonf/
4/ þapm'emcsufESifh ywfoufí apm'uq&mawmfwdkUonf awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|ESifh
¤if;\ wynfhom0ursm; a&;om;xkwfa0jzefUcsdxm;onfh vlaovljzpfpmtkyfç vlaovljzpf jyóempmtkyfç
opöm"r®mpmapmif ponfwdkUudk oufaocH ypönf;tjzpf wifjyxm;MuNyD; xdkoufaocHypönf;rsm;rS pmydk'f
(6)ydk'fwdkUudk xkwfjyí pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUtaejzifh vlaovljzpf0g'udk trSefa&;om;xkwfa0 a[majymvsuf
&dSaMumif; oufaoxlcJhMuonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf xdkvlaovljzpf0g'\ Ak'¨0g'ESifh qefUusifvSyHkwdkUudk
r[m0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf rEkópkwded&,okwf? rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf r[mwPSmocF,okwf?

tpodkU
t*FkwåKd&fygVdawmf oHa,m*okwf? ygVdawmf? t|uxm? oD[okwf ponfwdkUudk udk;um;í

avQmufxm;MuNyD; odkUpOfuavmuf bk&m;w&m;ESifh qefUusifNyD; Ak'ömoemawmftwGif; 0ifí
zsufqD;aeaom vlaovljzpf0g'udk t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfay;&ef apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u
(30.6.81)aeUu wpfBudrf? (4.7.81)aeUu wpfBudrf 2-Budrfwifjy avQmufxm;oGm;cJhavonf/
5/ ,if;vlaovljzpf t"r®0g' apm'emESifh ywfoufí pk'dwursm; jzpfMuaom OD;OaZÆmwdu
(a';'&J)? OD;Z0e (ae½Sife,f) awmifwGif;BuD;? OD;Z0e (ig;qifh) awmifwGif;BuD;wdkUu vHk;0 acsyjcif; rûybJ
t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif; 0efcHcJhMuonf? OD;qE´"du (ewfrDS) uvnf; ]]vlaovljzpfqdkonfrSm 'ku©opöm
e,ftwGif;rS rvGwfuif;Edkifaom oabmw&m;rsKd;}} jzpfí vufoifhrcHaMumif; avQmufxm;cJhonf?
or®m'd|dokawoe tzJGUcsKyfrSvnf; þvlaovljzpf apm'emESifh ywfoufí wpfpHkwpf&m
acsyavQmufxm;jcif; rûycJhMuay/
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yd#uwfusrf;pmrsm;udk oiftHavhusuf csydkUusifhMuHvmMuygaomfvnf; wpfcgzl;rQ ]]wPSmonf avudk
rDSonf}}[k rawGUzl; rMum;zl;cJhay? q&mawmfwdkUudk,fwdkif oH,kwfygVdawmfvm ukwl[vomvmokwfudk
tBudrfBudrf Munfh½IoHk;oyfMuaomtcgrSmvnf; wPSmonf avudk rSDonf[k rawGUMu&acs/
odkUjzpfí xdkodkU q|rlygVdawmfudkomru bmomjyefudkyg jyefvnf zwf½IoHk;oyfaomtcg
xdkokwfü trSefygaom pum;rsm;udk þodkUawGU&ay\?
]]0pä . . . þudk,fudk ypfcsí owå0gonf wyg;aom udk,fodkUvnf;
ruyfa&mufaomtcgü xdkowå0gonf wPSm[laom pJGvrf;rI ½dS\[k igqdk\? 0pä. . .rSef\?
xdktcgü wPSmonf xdkowå0g\ pJGvrf;rI jzpf\[k rdefUawmfrl\}} þodkUom yg½dSayonf/
ocifjrwfqdkifonf bk&m; ra[monfudk ta[mvkyfí jy0Hhygay\? uH uH\tusKd; r½dS[k
y,fxm;aom olrsKd;onf rnfonfhtukodkvfudkrQ aMumufrnf r[kwfaywum;/
14/ wpfzef Oyg'gefudk uHESifh wJGí jzpfaMumif; Oyg'dEéuHw&m;ESifh þodkUa[mygonf bk&m;[k
qdkum r[m&m[kavm0g'okwfudk udk;í acsyjyefonf/
]]&m[kvm. . . tZÑwåoEÅmefü jzpfaom Murf;wrf;aom Murf;wrf;jcif;odkU a&mufaom
tMuif tvHk;pHkaom Oyg'dEé uHw&m;onf Oyg'dEé ½kyfw&m;udk tusKd;ûy\}} þodkU qdkxm;\/
þae&müvnf; ocifjrwfqdkif qdkovdk r[kwfay? xdkokwf\ q|rl jrefrmjyefudk Munfh½Iaomf
]]&m[kvm. . .tZöswåoEÅmefü jzpfaomç udk,fudk pJGí jzpfaomç Murf;wrf;aomç
Murf;wrf;jcif;odkUa&mufaom tMuif tvHk;pHkaom Oyg'dEérnfaom uHw&m;onf tusKd;\tjzpfjzifh
,ltyfaom ½kyfw&m;onf ½dS\? þOyg'dEé ½kyfw&m;onf tb,fenf;? qHyifç arG;nif; ponfwnf;?
þodkU awGU&\/
þokwf bmomjyefESpfrsKd;udk EdIif;,SOfMunfhaomtcg ocifjrwfqdkif\ bmomjyefü
Oyg'dEéuHw&m;onf Oyg'dEé½kyfw&m;udk tusKd;ûy\[k tusOf;t"dyÜm,f xGuf\? q|rl jrefrmjyefü
tZöswåudk,fudk pJGíjzpfaom Oyg'dEéuH\ tusKd;jzpfaom ½kyfw&m; (0g) ur®Z½kyfw&m;[k
t"dyÜm,fxGufonf? ocifjrwfqdkifum; y"metm;jzifh uHudk t&aumuf\? q|bmomjyefu ur®Z½kyfudk
ajymí ae\? rnfrQ uGmjcm;aeonfudk owdûyMu&m\? þokwf ESpfokwfjzifh ocifjrwfqdkif qdkvdkonfrSm
Oyg'gefESifh uHw&m;onf wJGíjzpfaeonf? þrQom qdkvdk\/

tpodkU
15/ wpfzef qufvufí vlonf wpfcsdefwpfcgwGif ESvHk;aoG;&yfí aoqHk;ygonf? ESvHk;rD;

Oo®mawaZm (ur®ZawaZm ac:) ESvHk;tdrfapmifh rD;Nidrf;oGm;aomtcg aoonf[k ac:&ygonf bk&m;?
xdkaoolrS aemufqHk;ESmacgif;rS xGufaom avonf ¤if;\ ESvHk;wGif pka0;aom "mwfwdkU\
tjyifavmuodkU ysHUvGifhvmygonf? ,if;avudk r[m&m[kavm0g'okwft& Oyg'dEé"mwf[k ac:ygonf?
þodkU qdkxm;avonf/
þaom"emü ]]vlaocgeD; ESmacgif;rS xGufaom avonf tjyifavmuodkU ysHUvGifhoGm;\}}[laom
pum;&yfonf vlaovljzpf0g'\ rsKd;aphjzpfaom *EÄÁ"mwfqdkonfudk csdefí ajymaom pum; jzpf\?
odkUaomf ,if;avudk r[m&m[kavm0g'okwft& Oyg'dEé"mwf[k ac:ygonf[k ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]wdkU}}
vdkufNyD; pum;owfxm;yHkrSm ynmom; ygvSayonf? r[m&m[kavm0g'okwfrl&if;udk
rMunfhEdkifolrsm;taejzifh ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsufudk zwfvdkufaomtcg aocgeD; ESmacgif;rS
xGufaomavudk Oyg'dEé"mwf[k owfrSwfNyD; bk&m;½Sifuyif vufcHxm;ovdk em;vnfoGm;Edkifonf?
odkUr[kwf aocgeD;xGufaom *EÄÁ"mwfqdkwm bk&m;a[m w&m;ESifh tnDygwum;[k arSmufrSm;pGm
em;vnfoGm;Edkifonf? odkUjzpfí pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkif\ wifjycsufonf ynmom; ygvSonf[k qdkjcif;
jzpfayonf/
odkU&mwGif ,cktcg ygVdawmf t|uxm #dum jrefrmjyefusrf;*ef tjynfhtpHk ½dSaeNyD; xdkusrf;wdkUudk
zwfwwfol em;vnfol oiftHydkUcs aeMuol omoemapmifhyk*¾dKvfrsm; ½dSaeMuonfjzpfí ocifjrwfqdkif\
]ûypm;csuf}udk ukpm;EdkifMuayonf/
trSefpifppf aocgeD; (ESmacgif;rS jzpfap? atmuf'Gg&rS jzpfap) xGufaom avESifh ywfoufí
ocifjrwfqdkif wGef;ydkUcsifaom tcsufESifh r[m&m[k avm0g'okwfü jrwfpGmbk&m; a[maom
Oyg'dEé"mwfavoabmum; vHk;0rwlacs? <uufESifh qifuJhodkU t&m&mwGif uJGjym;jcm;em;ayonf?
þtcsufudk ydkí xif½Sm;ap&ef bk&m;a[m r[m&m[kavm0g'okwf jrefrmjyef aumufEkwfcsufudk
azmfjytyfayonf/
]]&m[kvm. . .0ga,m"mwf[lonf tb,fenf;? 0ga,m"mwfonf tcsKdUum;
tZöswåoEÅmefü jzpf\? tcsKdUum; A[d'öEÅmefü jzpf\? &m[kvm. . .tZöswåoEÅmefü jzpfaom
0ga,m"mwf[lonf tb,fenf;? tZöswåoEÅmefü jzpfaom udk,fudk pJGíjzpfaom
axmufyhHcdkifrmaom axmufyHhcdkifrmjcif;odkUa&mufaom tMuif Oyg'dEé"mwfoabmonf ½dS\?
þOyg'dEé"mwfoabmonf tb,fenf; [lrl-txufodkU qefwufaom avç atmufodkU pkef
qif;aomavç 0rf;ü wnfaomavç tltwGif;ü wnfaomav? t*FgBuD;i,fodkU tpOfavQmuf
wwfaomavç xGufouf 0ifoufavç xdkUtjyiftZöswåoEÅmefü jzpfaom udk,fudk pJGíjzpfaom
axmufyHhcdkifrmaom axmufyHhcdkifrmjcif;odkUa&mufaom tjcm;tvHk;pHkaom Oyg'dEé"mwfoabmonf

tpodkU
½dS\? &m[kvm. . .þtvHk;pHkaom "mwfoabmudk tZöswåoEÅmefü jzpfaom 0ga,m"mwf[lí

qdktyf\/
trSeftm;jzifh tMuif tZöswåoEÅmefüjzpfaom 0ga,m"mwfonf vnf;aumif;? tMuif
A[d'öEÅmefü jzpfaom 0ga,m"mwfonf vnf;aumif; ½dS\? xdktvHk;pHkaom 0ga,m"mwfonf
0ga,m"mwfcsif; wlonfomwnf;? tvHk;pHkaom 0ga,m"mwfonf igydkifOpöm r[kwf? xdk0ga,m"mwfonf
igr[kwf? xdk0ga,m"mwfonf rdrdudk,f twår[kwf[lí þodkU xdk0ga,m"mwfoabmudk razmufrjyef
[kwfrSefonfhtwdkif; aumif;pGm 0dyóem ÓPfynmjzifh½Ityf\? þodkU xdk0ga,m"mwfudk razmufrjyef
[kwfrSefonfhtwdkif; aumif;pGm 0dyóemÓPfynmjzifh½INyD;í 0ga,m"mwfü NiD;aiGU\? 0ga,m"mwfü
pdwfonf wyfjcif; uif;\/ (r/ jref?2? 92 93/)
(rZösdrPÖo ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef)
þ bk&m;a[mygVdawmf txift½Sm; azmfjycsufrSm xdk0ga,m"mwfudk 0dyóem½I&ef qHk;rjcif;om
jzpf\? 0ga,m"mwfudk NiD;aiGUNyD; 0ga,m"mwfü pdwfwyfNidjcif; uif;ap&ef jzpf\? vlaovljzpf
q&mwynfhwdkU qJG,lcsifovdk ]]aocgeD; xGufaom 0ga,m"mwfu tmumoxJ ysHUvGifhaeNyD;
tcsdeftwefMumaomtcg vlwpfOD;OD;\ ESmacgif;xJ jyef0ifí okufawGjzpfyGm;apvsuf vlrsKd;aph usjyef&m}}
qdkonfh vHk;0 rjzpfEdkifaom pdwful;tdyfrufudk taxmuftul rûyacs/
wpfzef o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf rv’dumokwf 75-udk taxmuftxm; ûyí ]]þü jrwfpGmbk&m;u
þodkU a[mygonf bk&m;? tpJGqHk; tcspfqHk;onf rdrdudk,fudkomwnf;? tb,ft&yfodkU vSnfhvnf
½SmazGapumrl b,ft&yfwGifrS rdrdudk,fxuf ydkí cspftyf ESpfouftyfaom oludk rawGUEdkif? þtwdkif;
omwnf;? þodkUvQif twå0g'kyg'gefonf a½SUaqmifOyg'gef jzpfaeonf[k q&mawmf t½SifOuú|
rdefUqdkygonf bk&m;? þbk&m;a[m w&m;udk ausmfNyD; wd&pämefESifh rdk;ay:u ewfjA[®m jzpfEdkifonfqdkaom
t,ludk q&mawmf t½SifOuú|u pOf;pm;jcif; rûyawmhyg bk&m;}}[k ocifjrwfqdkifu aom"emwifvTmü
qdk\/
16/ xdkUjyif vlaovljzpfjyóem 113-ü olwdkUq&mwynfhESpfa,muf aqG;aEG;yHkudkvnf;
þodkU a&;om;xm;\/
]]q&mawmf qdkvdkwmu twå0g'kyg'gefu vJG&if usefwJh Oyg'gefw&m; taMumuftuef
udk,fa&;udpö tBuD;tus,f toufeJU xdvm&if ûywfvdkU &w,f? ûywfatmif jywfatmif
jzpfEdkifMuw,f? 'Dvdk r[kwfvm;-q&mawmf}} ]]at;av- 'D twå0g'kyg'gefqdkwmu to®drme
w&m;BuD;yJuG? to®drmeqdkwmu 'dkU O'gef;ygVdawmft& pmpum;eJU ajym&&if t&[wår*f
t&d,mtqifh a&mufrS ûywfwJh w&m;BuD;yJ? tvGefcdkifwJh tpJGBuD;yJuG}}

tpodkU
wpfzef pmrsufESm 118-ü ..

]]udkif; 'gjzifh 'D twå0g'kyg'gefudk ykxkZOfutp tem*grftxd pJGwJh tpJGtm;vkH;&JU
tpJGbk&if xdyfacgifwifqdkwm 'dkU twnfûy,if uefUuGufp&m ½dSao;ovm;}}[k qdkyHkudk
a&;om;xm;onf/
17/ txufyg tqdkoHk;&yfwGif OD;Ouú|rS tp ol\wynfh tqufqufwdkUonf
twå0g'kyg'gefESifh umrkyg'gefudk a&maxG;xufatmuf aZmufxdk;ajymif;jyef ,lqvsuf ½dSaMumif; awGU&\?
trSefrSm twå0g'kyg'gefonf tem*grftxd cdkifcdkifjrJjrJ rûywfao;bJ ½dS\? þodkU twå0g'kyg'gefESifh
umrkyg'gefwdkUonf o½kyfoabmtm;jzifh uGJjym;vsuf ½dSMuonf/
wpfzef uJGjym;aeaom twå0g'kyg'gefESifh to®drmeudk ]]'Dtwå0g'kyg'gefqdkwmu
to®drmew&m;BuD;yJuG}}[k twlxm;í OD;Ouú| qdk\? trSefum; rlvyPÖmo or®m'd|dokwf ponfü
to®drmeESifh to®d'd|d ESpfrsKd;½dSaMumif;? to®d'd|dac: 'd|Kyg'gefonf aomwmyefb0üyif uif;jywfNyD;
jzpfaomfvnf; to®drmeum; tem*grfyk*¾dKvftxd ½dSaeao;aMumif; vmonfudk owdrûyrdjcif;aMumifh
qdkrdjcif; jzpf\? Xif½Sm;aptHh/
]],awm acg/ y#d,mEko,H y#d0daema'wGm to®dwd 'd|drmem Eko,H orl[edwGm t0dZÆH
y[m, 0dZÆH OyÜga'wGm 'da|0 "ar® 'ku© óEÅua&m a[mwd}} (r? 1? 500/)
tMuiftcgü / y/ xdk&[ef;onf y#dCmEko,udk y,fcGmí ig[lí jzpfaom 'd|dESifhwlaom
rmemEko,udk Ekwfy,fí t0dZÆmudk y,fí 0dZÆmÓPfudk jzpfapí rsufarSmufb0ü 'ku©\ tqHk;udk ûy\/
þygVdawmfü 'd|d rmemEko,H [laom pum;wGif to®d'd|dESifh to®drmeESpfrsKd; yg0ifEdkifaomaMumifh
þü t&[wår*fçzdkvfudk qdkvdk&um; to®drmeudkom ,lapvdkonfjzpfí t|uxmq&mu. . .to®dwd
'd|drmeEko ,EÅd 'd|do'doH rmemEko,EÅd 0kwåH a[mwd. . .[k ,if;t|uxm 209-ü trSmtxm;
rdefUMum;awmfrlonf? t"dyÜm,fum; twå0g'kyg'gefac: 'd|mEko,udk aomwmywådr*fjzifh y,fNyD;jzpfí
þt&[wår*ft&mwGif rmemEko,udkom ,l&rnf[k qdkvdkayonf/
þteuft"dyÜm,fudk rodíjzpfap odvsuftrSefudk rsufuG,fûyvdkíjzpfap twå0g'kyg'gefudk
]]t&[wår*f t&d,mtqifha&mufrS ûywfwJh w&m;BuD;yJ? tvGefcdkifwJh tpJGBuD;yJ}}[lí vnf;aumif;
]]tm;vHk;&JU tpJGbk&if xdyfacgifwif}}[lívnf;aumif; OD;Ouú|onf wpfwpfcGcG rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif;
qdkxm;ayonf/
wynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]twå0g'kyg'gefu vJG&if usefwJhOyg'gefawG[m ûywfatmif
jywfatmif jzpfEdkifMuw,f? 'Dvdkr[kwfvm; q&mawmf}}[k oludk,fwdkifu em;rvnfonfhtwdkif; ar;&m
]]at;av}}[k q&muvnf; a&mí vdkuf\/ þodkUvQif q&mwynfh ESpfOD;om;wdkU\ trSm;a'oemonf
þaom"emtajzvTmü vmí xif[yfvsuf ½dSaeayonf/

tpodkU
xdkUjyif rv’dumokwfudk udk;um;í twå0g'kyg'gefu a½SUaqmifOyg'gef jzpfaeonf[k q&mawmf

t½SifOuú|u rdefUqdkygonf [laom pum;ESifh pyfí pdppf&mwGif þodkUawGU&\/ rv’dumrdzk&m;u
]]t½Sifrif;jrwf. . . tuREkfyftzdkU rdrdxufydkí cspf&rnfhol wpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ r½dSyg}}[lí ajzqdkNyD;aemuf
aumorif;BuD;tm; ]]t½Sifrif;BuD;rSmaum rdrdxuf ydkí cspf&rnfhol wpfpHkwpfa,muf ½dSygovm;}}[k
ar;&m ]]r,SrÜd acg rv’dau ew¬anm aumpd twåem yd,wa&m}}=tb,frv’dum. . . ighrSmvnf;
rdrdxufydkí cspf&rnfhol r½dS}}[k jyefajymNyD; aumovrif;BuD;onf þtaMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;xH
oGm;a&mufí avQmufxm;aomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf yxr rv’dumokwf 75-ü
atmufygtwdkif; a[mawmfrlcJhonf/
]]rdrdxufydkí cspf&rnfholudk tvHk;pHkaom t&yf½SpfrsufESmwdkUü pdwfjzifh (0g-aphaph pyfpyf)
vSnfhvSnfí ½Smaomfvnf; rnfonfhae&mrS rawGUEdkif? þenf;twdkif; tjcm;aom owå0gwdkUonfvnf;
rdrdudk,fudk toD;toD; cspfjrwfEdk;Muonfom jzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh udk,fusKd;udk,fpD;yGm;udk tvdk½dSaom
olonf olwpfyg;udk rn§Of;yef; rEdSyfpuf&m}} (rn§Of;yef; rESdyfpufygavESifh)/
oAÁm 'dom tEky&d*r® apwaom? ae0ZÑ0g yd,w&rwåem uGpd/
{0H yda,m ykxk twåm ya&oH? wo®m e [ð ao y&rwåumar/ (oH? 1/ 75/)
18/ þae&mü yaóe'Daumovrif;ç rv’dumrdzk&m;wdkU ajymaompum;ç bk&m;½Sif
a[mawmfrlaom w&m;pum;awmfwdkUü rdrd-rdrd[laom toHk;tEIef;onf ]]twå}} udk qdkvdkaom rdrd r[kwf?
twå0g'ESifh rnfodkUrQ ywfoufjcif; r½dSacs/ trSefum; orkwdopöm (Conventional Truth) [k
ac:qdkMuaom avmua0g[m& toHk;tEIef;om jzpf\/ rdrdudk,fudk ñTefjyaom pum;om jzpfayonf/
oAÁñkbk&m;½SifwdkUonf udk,fwdkif xdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlxm;aom w&m;"r®rsm;udk jyefvnf
a[mMum;aomtcg orkwdopömjzpfaom avmua0g[m&rsm;udk toHk;ûyí a[mMum;&ayonf? ,if;odkU
a[mMum;&mü rdpämÓPf½dSolwdkUtaejzifh rdrdvdk&m qJGí teufaumufr,lEdkif&ef y&d,m,f pum;vHk;rsm;pGm
ulí ay;cJhonf? odkU&mwGif pkPÖd,pum;ajy r[kwfbJ ygVd*gxmrsm;ürl y&d,m,fwl ulí ray;Edkifay?
rdpämÓPf½dSolwdkUonf þtcsufudk tuGufaumif;,lí ygVda0g[m&\ teufudk rdrdvdk&m
qJG,lazmfjyavonf/ txl;ojzifh tewå0g'u EdSrfxm;jcif; cHae&aom twå0g'DwdkUonf t>rufaxmif&ef
tuGufacsmif;aeonfhtm;avsmfpGm qifwl,dkrSm; vkyfí&rnfh ae&mrsKd;ü 0ifyl;Muavonf? txufyg
ygVd*gxmü yg½dSaom twåemç twåmç twåaem[laom ygVda0g[m&rsm;\ ]]rdrdudk,f}}[laom teufrSefudk
z,fNyD; ig ig ig [laom twåteufudk oGwfoGif;,lMuavonf/
19/ rpöpf ½dkufa';ApfESifh olr\ae&mudk qufcHaom rpöpf tdkifbDa[mfemwdkUu þodkUaom
avmua0g[m& orkwdopömtoHk;udk t>rufaxmifum "r®pMumESifh wpfqufwnf; a[mxm;aom
tewåvu©PokwfawmfBuD;udk rod[efaqmifí Ak'önf twåudk ry,f? tewå0g'qdkonfrSm Ak'¨\
wynfhom;ajr;wdkUu aemufrSxGifaom 0g'[k qdkMuonf? ,if;odkU taemufEdkifiHu emrnfBuD;aom

tpodkU
ygVdynm½SifBuD;rsm;\ trSm;udk jrefrmjyef rEÅav;ûrdU Ak'¨bmomtoif; acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfol

a'gufwmqdkeDu 1953 ckESpf? arvxkwf tv,fvrf;r*¾Zif; (The Middle Way) ESm (40)ü þodkU
acsya&;om;cJhavonf/

I have read with great concern the article by Miss I.B.Homer on the above subject in your Journal of
November 1952. She seems to be entertaining the impression that "early Buddhism of the Vinaya and the
Suttapitaka does not exactly Teach not-self". In support of this view she has marshalled a number of extracts
from the scriptures, but without any convincing results. Commenting on these quotations she strangely adds that
some of these passages "have been too much overlooked" and that these mentin "the logical opposite of Anatta".
I was certainly suprised to see that a Pāli scholar of the eminence as Miss Horner understood the
passages in the way she did. My shock is, however tempeered by the feeling that perhaps she is following in the
footsteps of illustrous Pali scholar, the late Mrs.Rhys Davids, who towards the end of her days began to suggest
similar ideas.
I humbly and respectfully suggest that most of the passages quoted by Miss Horner would be clearer in
the meaining if understood in terms of the conventional of the word "self".
Yours R.L Soni

Burma.
1952-ckESpf? Edk0ifbmvxkwf r*¾Zif;yg rpöpf tdkif bD a[mfem a&;aomaqmif;yg;udk zwfrdí

tawmf pdwfraumif; jzpfcJhygonf? 0denf;yd#uESifh okwåefyd#uyg0ifaom a½S;usaom Ak'¨"r®onf
tewå0g'udk wduspGm roifMum;[laom tjrifudk olr vufcHcJh[ef ½dSonf/ rdrd\ tjrifudk cdkifjrJap&ef
ygVdawmfrsm;rS aumufEkwfcsufrsm;udk olrxkwfí jycJhavonf? odkU&mwGif odomaom tusKd;
wpfpHkwpf&mr½dS jzpfcJhavonf? olr\ aumufEkwfcsufrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;&mü þpmydk'frsm;udk vltrsm;wdkUu
rsufpdvQHcJhonf[lí vnf;aumif;? þpmydk'frsm;u tewå0g'udk qefUusifaeaMumif; azmfjyonf[lí
vnf;aumif; olru xl;qef;pGm qdkonf? rpöpfa[mem uJhodkUaom xif½Sm;onfh ygVdpaumvm;
wpfa,mufu þpmydk'frsm;udk þenf;twdkif; em;vnfxm;onfudk awGU&í trSefyif thHMordygonf/
odkU&mwGif emrnfausmf ygVdynm½Sif uG,fvGefol rpöpf½dkufpfa';Apfonf olruG,fvGefcgeD;tcgü tvm;wl
t,ltqrsm; ,lqoGm;cJh&m olr\ ajc&mudk rpöpfa[mfem vdkufaejcif; jzpfrnf[k awG;rdí pdwfoufom&m
&ygonf/ rpöpfa[mem udk;um;xm;aom (twåa0g[m& ygaom) pmydk'ftrsm;rSm avmua0g[m&
tm;avsmfpGm ]]rdrd}}[laom pum;vHk;\ teufudk em;vnfvdkufygu t"dyÜm,f ½Sif;vif;oGm;rnf[k
av;pm;pGm tMuHûyygonf/
oif\-tm&f t,fv qdkeD
Armjynf/

tpodkU
20/ OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwynfhwdkUonf igç ig[mç ightdrfç igh,mç igESifhpyfaomol paom

avmua0g[m& toHk;tEIef; [lorQwdkUudk twå0g'kyg'gef [k xifrSwfí ,if;udk vlaovljzpf0g'\
tajccHûyxm;jcif;onfvnf; rSm;,Gif;vSonf/
aoqHk;ol vlwpfa,muf\ Oyg'dEé"mwfonf avxkwGif;odkU tjcm;"mwfrsm;ESifh ta&mtpyf r½dS
oD;jcm; vGifhyg;oGm;yHkç xdkvGifhaom "mwfonf rlvwl&m "mwfrsm;ESifh pyf&ef owå0gwdkU\
ESmacgif;twGif;odkU &IavESifhtwl ygoGm;MuyHkç "mwfwl&m vlüomvQif ¤if;wdkU\ aoG;ESifh a&mpyfum
aoG;rS okuftjzpfodkU ajymif;í vdkufygoGm;yHkudkvnf; OD;Ouú|u rnfonfh ygVdawmf t|uxm #DumrSmrS
tqdktvm r½dSbJ rdrdxif&mjrif&m taMumif;,kwdåûyí qdkcJhonf/
r[mwPSmocF,okwf y#doaEäecef;ü *EÄÁ[laom y#doaEäernfh owå0gudkvnf;
*EÄÁ"mwf[k ½Sm½SmazGazG xkwfvkyfwDxGifcJhonf? þtqdk þ,kwådwdkUum; twå0g'kyg'gef[laom
uGif;qufonf usKd;ç Oyg'dEé"mwf[laom uGif;qufvnf;jywfç *EÄÁ"mwf[laom uGif;qufvnf;
yJhíaeojzifh vlaovljzpfwnf;[laom vdktyfaom tusKd;udk qufpyfí ray;Edkifatmif ½dSawmh\? xif&m
jrif&m pyf[yfzmax;xm;aom uGif;qufrsm;jzpfí vlaovljzpf0g'tjzpfjzifh qufpyfívnf; r&EdkifbJ
½dSavawmhonf/ (aemufü tus,f½Sif;OD;tHh)
21/ þwGif ocifjrwfqdkif ñTefjyxm;aom taMumif;,kwådrsm;teuf vlESifh wd&pämefwdkUonf
wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; têudufcsif;vnf;rwlç todcsif;vnf;rwlMu? vluyef;udk vSrSef; odí wd&pämefu
pm;zG,f[k xifonf [laom ,kwådudk jy\/ þ,kwådonf cdkifvHkjcif; r½dSay? wd&pämefrSmvnf; tod
½dSonfom jzpf\/ olwdkUvnf; tvSty êudufonfyif? wd&pämefwdkUvnf; vluJhodkUyif om,maomtoHudk
êudufonf? ykavGoHcsKdcsKd wl&d,moH omomudk uJRç EGm;ç jrif;ç aus;iSuf tp½dSaom owå0gwdkUonf pdkufí
em;axmifwwfMuonf? vlonf tcsKdç tzefç tiefç tcg; êudufovdk om;aumif iSufaumifwdkUvnf;
êudufonfyif/
22/ ocifjrwfqdkifu aoG;oGif;&mwGif vl-vlcsif;rS aoG;oGif;í &onf? wd&pämefaoG;udk
oGif;r&[k ,kwådwpfck jy\/ þtaMumif;jycsufonf vufawGUusus rSm;avonf? vl-vlcsif;yif
jzpfaomfvnf; wpfrdaygufwnf;yif aoG;csif; wlygoavm? aoG;trsKd;tpm; rwlvQif vlvlcsif;yif
aoG;oGif;í r&ay? wpfzefvnf; wd&pämefwdkU\ taoG;tom;udk tjrJrjywf pm;aomufrDS0Jaeaom vlwdkU\
aoG;ESifh rwnfhcJhygvQif xdkwd&pämefwdkU\ taoG;tom;onf tqdyfawmufjzpfav&m\? a&m*g
pJGuyfaeaom tcsKdUolrsm;onf arsmufaoG;ESifh t&ufudk aomuf&rS a&m*gaysmufí emvHxlí vmMu\?
usef;rm0ûzd;í vmMu\? þtcsufudkaxmufvQif vlUaoG;ESifh wd&pämefaoG;onf a&mpyfí r&avmufatmif
rwnfh[k qdkEdkifzG,f r½dSaMumif; odomvSayonf/
23/ tdyfruf ruf&mwGif vlonf vlUtaMumif;udkom rufonf? wd&pämeftaMumif;udk rruf?
ewfjA[®mtaMumif;udk rruf? xdkUaMumifh atmufodkUvnf; rqif;? txufodkUvnf; rwuf[k ,kwådjyjyef\?

tpodkU
tdyfrufruf&mwGifvnf; taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;½dS&m "mwfacsmufcsm;í rufjcif;ç wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfysuf&ef

edrdwftjzpf tdyfruf rufjcif;ç awGUêuHcHpm;zl;onfudk pJGí rufjcif; ponftaMumif;rsm;teuf
rdrdtawGUtêuHudkom trsm;tm;jzifh rufwwfonfrSmvnf; "r®wmvdkyif jzpf\/ odkUaomf
wd&pämeftaMumif; rruf[k rnfol qdkEdkifygoenf;/
xdkUaMumifh þ,kwådvnf; zJGpkay:ü wdkifpdkufjcif;uJhodkU cdkifjrJjcif; r½dS jzpfayonf?
aCmouolaX;tavmif;onf acG;rBuD;taMumif;udk pOf;pm;,if; uG,fvGefí acG;jzpfoGm;aMumif;?
EGm;owform;ç 0ufowfrm;wdkUonf aocgeD;aomtcg EGm;vdkatmf 0ufvdkatmfonfudk Mum;odaeMu
&aMumif; "r®y't|uxmüvmonf? tdrfü arG;xm;aom acG;uav; aMumifuav; ponfwdkUudk
pdwfrcsEdkifí t&yfwyg; c&D;oGm;,if; tdyfrufaxG&m rufMuonfrSmvnf; rjiif;omaom tcsufjzpfonf/
24/ toHvTifh&mwGif rDwmcsif; wlrS zrf;í &onf[k ,kwådwpfck qdk\? odkUaomf xdk,kwådvnf;
vlaovljzpftwGuf usm;uefay;Edkifjcif; r½dSay/? tbd"r®m oabmw&m;t& r[mbkwf "mwf½kyfwdkUonf
bkwftqufquftm;jzifh t&yf&yfwGif ysHUvGifhae&m owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf tmumo"mwfç
reodum&ç aomwyom' þoHk;rsKd;wdkUwGif wpfrsKd;rsKd; csKdUwJhaevQif xdkbkwftqufqufrSvmaom
toHudk rMum;Edkif[k qdkxm;onf r[kwfavm? taMumif;rpHkvifvQif teD;tem;ü uyfvsuf½dSaom
toHudkyif rMum;Edkif? Oyrm-em;yif ½dSaomfvnf; aomwyom' tvGeftm;enf;vQif rMum;Edkif?
txl;ûyjyifxm;aom ud&d,maomfvnf;aumif; 'dAÁaomw tbdnmOf paom emrf"mwf
txl;ud&d,maomfvnf;aumif;ç r½dScJhygvQif a0;uGmaom t&yfrS toHç odrfarGUao;i,faom toHrsm;udk
rMum;Edkifay/
xdkenf;twdkif; tqif; ta&miftrsKd;rsKd; teD;tem;üyif ½dSaomfvnf; pu©Kyom' tvGef
tm;enf;aevQif rjrifEdkif? tm½Hku tvGef rIefrTm; ao;i,faevQifvnf; pu©Kyom' tm;aumif;apumrl
rjrifEdkif? xdkUaMumifh oabmprS ydkrdkuJvGefaom tultnDjzpfonfh rsufrSefrS pí rSefajymif;txd
½kyftultnD 'dAÁKpu©K paom emrftultnD rygvQif xdk½lyg½Hkudk ½Sdyif ½dSaomfvnf; rjrifEdkifonfum;
vlwdkif; vufcHxm;aom obm0"r®yif r[kwfavm? xdkUaMumifh þ,kwådvnf; rcdkifvHkay/
25/ þqdkcJhNyD;aom taMumif;tcsuf oufaoom"u ajrmufjrm;pGmwdkUjzifh pdppfcsuft&
½kyf0g'udk tajccHí [dk[mjyif onf[mpGufç zsufvdkzsufç jznfhvdkjznfhç taMumif;rwef rcdkifvHkaom
,kwådwdkUudk jyvdkjy OD;Ouú| zefwD;cJhaom vlaovljzpf0g'bufu a½SUaevdkufaom ocifjrwfqdkif\
acsyaom"emcsufonf avmuDavmukwå&m ed,mr "r®ESifh rnDñGwfonfjzpfí w&m;r0ifonfhtjyif t"r®
avQmufvJcsufrsm;om jzpfaMumif; trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; pdppfoHk;oyfí
qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/


tpodkU
oHa,m*okwfESifh vlaovljzpf
26/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u or®m'd|dokwoetzJGUcsKyf\ opöm"r®pmapmif twJG1? trSwf
(1)ü awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|u Oyg'gef rjywfao;wJhvl aovQif vlyJjzpfr,fvdkU oHa,m*okwfü
bk&m;a[maMumif; azmfjyxm;csufonf trSefwu,f ½dSaeaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmf
oHa,m*okwfESifhvnf;aumif; tjcm; bk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; qefUusifvsuf½dSaMumif;
apm'emwifcJhMu\/ ,if; apm'emudk pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifu jyefvnfacsy&mwGif OD;Ouú|\
tmabmftwdkif;yif a,musfm; rdef;rwdkUonf Oyg'gefaMumifh aoaomtcg rlv vlUb0üyif jyefjzpfaMumif;
acsy avQmufxm;cJhayonf/
vlao vljzpf rjzpf(0g) vlaovQif vlomjzpf rjzpf[laom tcsufESifh ywfoufí apm'u
pk'dwuESpfbuf vkí ajymaeMuaom t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf owåuedygwf oHa,m*okwfudk Munfh&mwGif
þodkUawGU&ayonf/
]]£w¬d bdu©a0 tZÑwåH £wdÈ´d,H reodua&mwd £w¬dukwåH £w¬muyÜH/ y/ {0H acg
bdu©a0 £w¬d £w¬wHå emwd0wåwd? (tH/ 2? 440/)
(tH-owåuedygwf oHa,m*okwf)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU. . .trowå0gonf rdrdoEÅmefü jzpfaom trowå0gwdkU\ £aÈ´ç tûytrl/ y/
toGiftjyifç trowå0gwdkU\ rmefç tvdkç toHç tqifwefqmudk ESvHk;oGif;\? olronf xdkckESpfrsKd;wdkUü
wyfruf\? tvGefarGUavsmf\/ xdkolronf xdkckESpfrsKd;wdkUü wyfrufonf jzpfí arGUavsmfonf jzpfí
xdkolronf tjyifyü zdkowå0g\ £aÈ´/ y/ tqifwefqmudk ESvHk;oGif;\/ xdkckESpfrsKd;aom zdkowå0g\
£aÈ´ponfwdkUü wyfruf\/ tvGefarGUavsmf\? xdkolronf xdkckESpfrsKd;aom yk&dodaÈ´ ponfwdkUü
wyfrufonfjzpfí tvGef arGUavsmfonfjzpfí tjyiftyü aygif;azmf,SOfwJGjcif;udk tvdk½dS\? aygif;azmf
,SOfwJGjcif;[laom taMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom okca0'em aomreóa0'emwdkUudkvnf; tvdk½dS\/
&[ef;wdkU. . . trowå0g\ tjzpfü tvGef arGUavsmfaom owå0gonf tzdkowå0gwdkUü
aygif;azmf,SOfwJGjcif;odkU a&muf\? &[ef;wdkU þodkUvQif trowå0gonf trowå0g\ tjzpfudk
rvGefajrmufEdkif/
zdkowå0gtwGufvnf; þtwlyif a[mawmfrlygonf? xdkUjyif trowå0gonf trowå0gtqifhrS
vGefajrmufí tzdkjzpfvmyHk tzdkowå0gonf tzdkowå0gtjzpfrS vGefajrmufí tr jzpfvmyHkudkvnf;
ajymif;jyeftm;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/
þokwfü ouúm,'d|dESifh b0wPSmudk tajccHNyD; tzdktr jzpfwwfyHk tMurf;pm;udk a'oemtpOf
a&mufonftm;avsmfpGm a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/


tpodkU
27/ þoHa,m*okwfudk tusOf;csKyfaomf þodkU &ay\/
(1) rdef;ronf rdrdb0udk om,m\? rdrdb0udk om,m,if; a,mufsm;wdkU\

oGifjyif[efyefudk oabmus\? a,mufsm;ESifh wJG,SOfjcif;udk arQmfvifhawmifhw\?
wGJ,SOfjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmrnfh MunfEl;rIudk arQmfvifhawmifhw\?
arQmfvifhawmifhwonfhtwdkif; wJG,SOfjcif;odkU a&muf\? þodkUûyvQif rdef;ronf
rdef;rb0udk rvGefajrmufEdkif/
(2) a,musfm;onf rdrdb0udk om,m\? rdrdb0udk om,m,if; rdef;rwdkU\
oGifjyif[efyefudk oabmus\? rdef;rESifh wJG,SOfjcif;udk arQmfvifh awmifhw\?
wGJ,SOfrIaMumifh jzpfay:vmrnfh MunfEl;rIudk arQmfvifh awmifhw\?
arQmfvifhawmifhwonfhtwdkif; wJG,SOfjcif;odkU a&muf\? þodkUûyvQif þa,musfm;onf
a,musfm;b0udk rvGefajrmufEdkif/
(3) txufyg tcsufESpf&yfudk ajymif;jyef vSefaomtm;jzifh rdrd rdef;rb0udk rom,m?
rdef;rtoGiftjyifudk oabmrus? zdkESifhwJG&ef rarQmfvifh? ,SOfwJGMunfEl;rIudk rvdkvm;?
zdkESifh r,SOfwJGaom rdef;ronf rdef;rb0udk vGwfajrmufEdkifonf/
(4) xdkenf;twl a,musfm;b0udk rom,molç a,musfm;oGifjyifudk oabmrusolç rESifhwJG&ef
rarQmfvifholç ,SOfwJG MunfEl;rIudk rarQmfvifholç rESifh r,SOfwJGol a,musfm;onf
a,musfm;b0udk vGefajrmufEdkifonf/
txufyg tcsufav;csufudk þoHa,m*okwfu azmfjyayonf/ þoHa,m*okwf\
tqdktrdefUonf ouúm,'d|dESifh b0wPSmt& zdkrjzpfwwfyHkudk a,bk,senf;tm;jzifh a[mMum;aomokwf
jzpfayonf? owå0gwdkU\ pdwfqE´tvdkuf zdk r jzpfwwfyHkudkom azmfjy\? a,musfm;ao a,mufsm;jzpf
rdef;rao rdef;rjzpf[k rlao r½dSaMumif;vnf; þokwfuyif azmfjy\? xdkESifh wpfqufwnf;yif vlaovQif
vljzpf&rnf[laom owfrSwfcsufrsKd; (0g) oów'd|dt,lrsKd;udkvnf; þokwfu vHk;0 rjyacs/
xdkUjyif þoHa,m*okwfvm twd0wåwd vGefajrmuf\ [laom pum;udk ]]twd0wåwDwd
tebd&wmwd {0H 0kwåm, Av00dyóem, t&d,r*¾H ywGm twd0wå0d}[k t|uxmq&mawmf
teufzGifhxm;\? jrefrmvdkaomfum; ]]vGefajrmuf\}}[k qdk&mwGif a½SUem;u ]]rarGUravsmf}}[laom
pum;ESifhtnD cGeftm;½dSaom 0dyóemÓPftjrifjzifh t&d,r*fudk &a&mufjcif;tm;jzifh vGefajrmufjcif;
jzpfonf[k qdkvdkayonf/
a,musfm;b0ü raysmfaoma,mufsm;onf a,mufsm;b0udk vGefonf? rdef;rb0udk rwG,fwmaom
rdef;ronf rdef;rb0udk vGefonfqdk&mü vGefyHkvGefenf;um; ta&;BuD;\? a,musfm;b0udk rwG,fwm
rpJGvrf;oltaejzifh a,musfm;b0udk vGef\ qdkonfum; rdef;rjzpfoGm;onf[k qdkvdkonf r[kwfay?

tpodkU
odkUjzpfvQif rnfodkU vGefoenf;? t"dyÜm,ftwGif;ikyfae\? xdkUaMumifh t|uxmq&mjrwfu

vGefonfqdkonfrSm t&d,mr*fudk &oGm;jcif; jzpfonf[k teufrSefudk 0ifNyD; azmfay;jcif; jzpfayonf/
pifppf þoHa,m*okwfonf oHo&m0#ftwGif;ü vnfwwfyHkESifh oHo&m0#frS uRwfvGwf
xGufajrmufyHkudk azmfjyaom okwfaywnf;? OD;Ouú|wdkUvlpk qdkvdkouJhodkU vlaovljzpf oów'd|dt,ludk
azmfjyaomokwf r[kwfacs/ OD;Ouú|wdkUonf rdrdwdkU vlaovljzpftwGuf ygVdawmfrsm;udk toHk;cs&ef
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;udkyif oów'd|dt,l½dSol rdpäm'd|dBuD;wpfOD; jzpfatmif
pGyfpJGapmfum;MuavNyD? oHo&m0efum; av;pG/
28/ xdkUjyif bk&m;a[mygVdawmf[lonf þoHa,m*okwf wpfokwfwnf;om ½dSonf
r[kwfay? tjcm;aom axmufxm;zG,f&m okwfygVdawmfrsm; 0denf;w&m;awmfrsm; tbd"r®mw&m;rsm;vnf;
rsm;pGm ½dSayonf? xdkxdk ygVdawmf tqdktrdefUrsm;ESifh nd§EIdif;csdefqwwf&ef vdkayonf? vlaoNyD;aemuf
ewfjzpfyHkç vlaoNyD;aemuf i&JusyHkç vlaoNyD;aemuf acG;jzpfyHkç vlaoNyD;aemuf NydwåmjzpfyHkç vlaoNyD;aemuf
tol&um,fjzpfyHkç vlaoNyD;aemuf edAÁmef0ifpHyHk ponfjzifh a[mMum;aom okwfaygif;rsm;pGm ½dSavonf/
r[m0*¾ygVdawmf Ze0obokwfü vlaoNyD;aemuf ewfjzpfyHkudk þodkU azmfjyxm;\?
AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk a½S;OD;pGm trÁv|d0eO,smOfü emMum;&onfh tcsdefrS
pí aomwmyeft&d,mjzpfcJhonf? rif;BuD;onf vlUb0rS pkawaomtcg rdrd tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm
aexdkifcJhzl;aom pmwkr[m&mZfewfbHkü wG,fwmrIaMumifh xdkbHkü ewfom; oGm;í jzpfavonf? Ze0ob
ewfom;[k trnfwGif\/
ewfom;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHarSmuf a&mufaomtcg þodkU avQmufxm;avonf?
½Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;. . .bk&m;wynfhawmfonf a½S;tcgu wynfhawmf aecJhzl;aom bHkü þewfb0rS
vlUb0udk ckESpfBudrf? xdkvlUb0rS þewfb0odkU ckESpfBudrf? aygif; 14-Budrfwdkifwdkif (ewftjzpf? vltjzpf)
jzpfcJh&onfudk rSwfrdygonfbk&m;-[k avQmufxm;avonf ('D? 3? 167/) ('DCedum,f r[m0*f
Ze0obokwf)
tu,fí vlUbHk vlUb0 vlrif;pnf;pdrfudk wG,fwmí Oyg'geftpJGtvrf;aMumifh jzpfpwrf;qdkvQif
AdrÁdom&rif;onf aoNyD;aemuf vlom jyefí jzpf&ef½dSonf? ,ckrlum; pmwkr[m&mZfbHkü
Ze0obewfom;[lí txift½Sm;jzpfavonf? þtcsufudk axmuf½Ijcif;jzifh oHa,m*okwfü
a[mMum;csufonf rkcsa'oem r[kwf? jzpfwwfaom oabmrQudkom a,bk,stm;jzifh
a[mjcif;jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/
29/ vlrdef;rb0rS ewfom; oGm;jzpfaom om"uwpfckudkvnf; r[m0*¾ygVdawmf
ouúyO§okwfü þodkU azmfjyxm;\? jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufawmftcgu uydv0wfûrdUü a*gydumrnfaom
ousomuD0if trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf ½dS\/ olronf &wemoHk;yg;ü Munfñdkí tusifhoDvESifh jynfhpHkol
jzpf\? rdef;rb0udk ½GH½Smpufqkyfí a,musfm;jzpf&mjzpfaMumif; w&m;rsm;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf\? xdkUaMumifh

tpodkU
olr uG,fvGefaomtcg wm0wðomewfjynfü a*g,uewfom;[laom trnfjzifh txift½Sm;

jzpfavonf/
a*gyuewfom;u ol\ twdwf vlUb0taMumif;udk þodkU jyefajymcJh\? tuREkfyfonf
xdkpOftcgu rdef;rom;jzpfvsuf &wemoHk;yg;ü Munfñdkí oDvjznfhusifhNyD;vQif rdef;rb0udk pufqkyfí
a,musfm;b0udk awmifhwcJhaomaMumifh odMum;rif;\ om;tjzpfodkU a&mufcJh&ygonf/ ('D? 2? 216/)
txufyg a*gydumtrsKd;orD; taMumif;t&mudk axmufí rdef;rao rdef;rjzpf[lí
tjrJr½dSEdkifaMumif;? vlaovljzpf[lívnf; ]]rl}} r½dSaMumif; odomxif½Sm;avonf? oHa,m*okwfonfum;
udkif;ñTwfrI txl;½dSol tenf;pktwGuf jzpfwwfaom tajctaerQudkom azmfjyjcif; jzpfaMumif;
odEdkifayonf/
30/ xdkrSwpfyg; vlaoNyD;aemuf i&Jusa&muf&yHkonfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;ygVdawmfwdkUü rsm;pGm
yg½dS\? txif½Sm;qHk; om"urSm a'0'wfyif jzpf\? bk&m;½Siftm; aoG;pdrf;wnfatmifûyNyD;
oHCmoif;cJGaom yÍöeEÅ&d,uHaMumifh aoNyD;onfhaemuf t0Dpdi&JodkU usa&muf&aMumif; tcdkiftrm
a[mMum;xm;csuf ½dSacsonf? a'0'wfonf a,mufsm;jzpfí vla,musfm;jyefjzpfzdkU a0;pG?
t0Dpdi&Jom;wpfOD; oGm;í jzpf&avonf? þom"uonfvnf; oHa,m*okwfonf OD;Ouú|wdkU
qdkvdkouJhodkU vlaovljzpf om"u r[kwfaMumif; odEdkifonf/
31/ xdkUjyif vlaoNyD; wd&pämef jzpf&yHkwdkUonf ygVdt|uxmwdkUü txift½Sm;yg½dS\/
oDvu©efygVdawmf okbokwf tzGifhü okb'g,um\ zcif awma',s ykPÖm;onf olUom;tdrfü acG;
jyefjzpfaMumif; twdtvif; yg½dSonf/ awma',sykPÖm;onf Opöm&r®ufBuD;í ypönf;ESajrm\? bk&m;½SifESifh
t&d,moHCmrsm;tm; vª'gef;avh r½dS? aoaomtcg om;tdrfü acG;BuD;jzpfaeNyD; bk&m;½Sifudk
awGUjrifaomtcg 0kwf0kwf[k a[mif\? xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]awma',s. . . oifonf ,cif
vlb0wkef;uvnf; ypönf;&r®uf avmbwufí olawmfaumif;wdkUudk ray;rvªcJh? ,ckvnf; igbk&m;udk
tb,faMumifh a[mif&bdoenf;}}[k rdefUMum;vdkufaomtcg awma',srS jzpfvmaom acG;onf
pdwfrcsrf;omvSí jymykHü 0yf\/
okb'g,um odí olUzciftm; acG; jzpfaeonf[k ajym&ygrnfvm;[k rausreyfjzpfum
jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmuf\? xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u þ acG; wd&pämefonf oifhzcif vlb0 awma',srS
jzpfvmyHk? rSefuefaMumif; vufawGUodvdkvQif jr§Kyfxm;aom ypönf;wdkUudk þacG;tm; tjycdkif;avmh[k
rdefUMum;\? acG;u ol vlUb0wkef;u vQKdU0SufpGm ajrü jr§Kyfxm;aom ypönf;OpömwdkUudk olUom;tm;
jyay;ojzifh okb'g,umonf ypönf;Opöm rsm;pGm&rS jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefUawmfrlonfhtwdkif; þacG;BuD;onf
olUzcif vlrS jzpfvmaom wd&pämefygwum;[k vHk;0 ,HkMunfvufcHavonf/ ('D? |? 1? 317/)

tpodkU
þodkUaom jzpf&yfESifh om"uwdkUudk bk&m;a[musrf;*efrsm;ü txift½Sm;awGU&aomaMumifh

vlaovljzpfudk igom a[mwm r[kwf? bk&m;uyg a[mygw,f[k bk&m;½Siftm; qJGxnfhí r&EdkifaMumif;
xif½Sm;ayonf/
32/ wpfzef vlaoNyD; Nydwåm jzpfaom olwdkUum; teEÅyif? 0denf;ygVdawmfwdkUü
vlaoNyD;aemufjzpfaom NydwåmwdkUudk rsufjrifudk,fawGU jzpf&yfrsm;pGm azmfjyyg½dS\? &mZû*d[fjynf
0dZösuk#fawmifü t½Sifr[marm*¾v’mef udk,fawmfBuD; oDwif;oHk;pOf t½dk;pkNydwåmBuD;udk
('dAÁpu©KtbdnmOfjzifh) jrifí jrwfpGmbk&m;xH avQmufxm;&m igbk&m;vnf; xdkNydwåmBuD;udk jrifcJh\?
xkwfajymaomf r,HkMuygu tjypfjzpfrnfpdk;í rajymcJhay? trSefpifppf xdkNydwåmonf &mZû*d[fûrdUwGif;rS
EGm;owform; wpfa,mufaoNyD; jzpfaeaom Nydwåmwnf;[k rdefUMum;awmfrlavonf/ (0d? 1? 144/)
þpum;onf yg&mZduPfygVdawmf pwkw¬yg&mZdu 0deDw0w¬Kydkif;ü Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\
a[mMum;csufyif jzpf\? xdkEGm;owfa,musfm;onf ol\ a,musfm;b0udk Oyg'gefrnfrQ uyfonf jzpfap
olûyaom tukodkvfuHu BuD;vGef;aeojzifh olaoNyD;aemuf vljzpfcGifh ray;bJ NydwåmBuD;jzpfvsuf
½dSayonf/
33/ vlaoNyD; tok&um,fjzpfaom om"uvnf; ½dSay\? okwfygax,sygVdawmf
ygxduokwfü þodkU yg½dS\? jrwfpGmbk&m;aemufu oydwfxrf;vdkufaom okeu©wåonf pdwfazmufjyefNyD;
0wfvpfpvpfaeí acG;uJhodkU av;bufwGm; oGm;aom aum&cwåd,udk MunfñdkoGm;\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;uodí aum&cwåd,wuwúwGef;udk oifrMunfñdkESifh[k okeu©wåtm; wm;jrpf\? r&ay?
xdkUaMumifh oif Munfñdkaom aum&cwåd,onf ,aeUrS ckESpf&ufajrmufaomaeUü pm;ydk;eifhí aovdrfhrnf?
aoNyD;aemuf t,kwfnHhqHk;aom tok&mbHkü umvuÍödumrnfaom tok&m jzpfvdrfhrnf? olUtavmif;udk
Nydwfjrufawm½dSaom ocØsKif;ü pGefYypfMuvdrfhrnf? okeu©wå. . . tu,fí oif rauseyfao;vQif
tavmif;aumifudk vufjzifhykwfNyD; igh½Sif aum&cwåd,. . .oifh vm;&mb0udk odoavm[k ar;vQif
umvuÍödutok&m jzpfaeaMumif; ajymvdrfhrnf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;u *eaocsmpGm rdefUawmfrlvdkuf\?
jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefUMum;onfhtwdkif;yif tm;vHk; jzpfavonf/ ('D? 3? 4/)
þbk&m;vufxufawmfBuD;u jzpfcJhaom wpfu,fhjzpf&yfrSef rIcif;udpöudk avhvmMunfhvQif
vlaoNyD;aemuf vljyefjzpf½HkrQru tyg,fav;yg; t0iftyg tok&m jzpfaMumif; txift½Sm; od&ayonf/
þodkU vlaoNyD;aemuf ewfç i&Jç wd&pämefç Nydwåm jzpfonfhjyif ukodkvfuHtvdkuf vlvnf;
jyefjzpfol ½dS\? þonfum; *wdig;yg; vm;&mig;axG [laom Ak'¨0g'twdkif; jzpfrIaywnf;/
xdkUjyif vlaoNyD;aemuf *wd 5-yg; rvm;bJ b0Zmwf csKyfNidrf;awmfrlMuaom
oufaoom"uwdkUonf bk&m;a[mygVdawmfwdkUü rsm;pGm yg½dS\? pdwf0ifpm;zG,fwpf&yfudk jyqdk&aomf
bk&m;½SifvufxufawmfBuD;u a*g"du trnf½dSaom &[ef;wpfyg;onf w&m;udk êud;pm;

tpodkU
tm;xkwfawmfrlpOf ajcmufBudrfwdkifwdkif psmefavQm&½Sm\? xdkUaMumifh ckESpfBudrfajrmuf psmefjyef&aomtcg

vnfyif;udk oifwkef;"m;jzifh vSD;&ef anmifapmif;i,fay:ü vJSvdkuf\/
xdkcPav;wGif rm&fewfu odNyD; þ&[ef;onf rdrdudk,frdrd aoaMumif;MuHNyD; xdka0'emudk
0dyóemwifvdkufygu &[EÅm jzpfoGm;vdrfhrnf? &[EÅm rjzpfatmif igwm;rSyJ[k MuHNyD; csufcsif;
jrwfpGmbk&m;xH 0ifí a*g"du&[ef; olUudk,fol owfaoawmhrnf? wm;jrpfawmfrlyg bk&m;[k
avQmufav\? xdkcPrSmyif rax&fonf rdrdvnfyif;udk "m;jzifh vSD;í xdka0'emudk 0dyóem½Ium
raocifuav; t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvfudk &NyD; y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlonf/
rm&fewfonf a*g"durx&f aoNyD; b,fb0oGm;í jzpfovJ[k ol\ ewfrsufpdjzifh ½SmazG&m
b,fb0rSmrS ½SmrawGUí a*g"durax&f ½kyftavmif;udk oû*Øvf&ef a&mufvmonfh jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;
ar;avQmuf\? jrwfpGmbk&m;u rm&fewf. . .oifvdkyk*¾dKvfonf y&dedAÁmefpHaom &[EÅm\ 0dnmPfudk
rjrifEdkif[k rdefUMum;awmfrlcJhavonf/
þjzpf&yfudk axmuf½Iyguvnf; vlaoNyD;aemuf vljyefjzpfívnf; rjzpf? rnfhonhfbHkb0ürQ
rjzpfawmhbJ y&dedAÁmef pH,lawmfrlaom t&d,m&[EÅm yk*d¾Kvfjrwfrsm;vnf; ½dSaMumif; od&ayonf/
35/ þodkUvQif oHa,m*okwfawmf\ t"dyÜm,frSefudk acsacsiHiH wwfodem;vnfolwdkUonf
vnf;aumif;? þuJhodkU ygVdt|uxmwdkUudk arTaESmufacsmufcsm;í vlaoNyD;aemuf *wd 5-yg; vm;&m 5-
axGodkU oGm;a&mufjzpfEdkifyHk om"uwdkUudk ½SmazG Munfh½IEdkifolwdkUonfvnf;aumif;? vlaoNyD;aemuf
rnfonfh*wd rnfhonfhb0wGifrQ rjzpfawmhaom edAÁLpHt&d,mwdkU\ taMumif;udk ,HkMunfholwdkUonf
vnf;aumif; oHa,m*okwfü jrwfpGmbk&m;u vlaovljzpfw&m;udk a[mcJhonf[k a&;MuajymMurnf
r[kwfay/
trSefpifppf oHa,m*okwfu 0#fESifh 0#fuif;&mudk jyonfh tESpfom&udkvnf; rqkyfrd?
yd#uwfpmaywdkUudk pHkvifatmif rMunfhwwf? rdrdwdkU xlaxmifvdkonfh vlaovljzpf0g'twGuf r[kwfrrSef
vkyfMuHqGJ,lí &rnfhokwfrsKd;udkom &SmNyD; tudk;jycsifonfh rrSefuefaom oabmxm;aMumifh
vlaovljzpfudk igom ajymonf r[kwf oHa,m*okwfrSm bk&m;uyg a[mxm;onf[k bk&m;
ra[monfudk ta[mvkyfum 0d0g'g"du½kPf;jzpfatmif zefwD;jcif;rQom jzpfavonf/
þum; oHa,m*okwfESifh pyfvsOf;í rlv0w¬Konfjzpfaom OD;Ouú|\ ajympum;ç
a0pkqufcHaom pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsypum;wdkUudk yd#uwfrsOf;om;í trSm;BuD;
rSm;onfhtaMumif; pDppfazmfjycsuf jzpf\? trSefpifppf vlaovljzpfrIudk cdkifjrJap&ef oHa,m*okwfjzifh
usm;uefvdkufjcif;onf tuefrSm;onfhtwGuf rw&m;vkyfaqmifcsuf t"r®0g'oufoufom jzpfaMumif;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf tm;vHk;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuayonf/

tpodkU
vlaovljzpf uGif;qufrsm;
36/ ,cktcgwGif apm'em\ txnfudk,fjzpfaom vlaovljzpf0g'udk wnfaqmuf&mü
OD;Ouú| toHk;ûyoGm;aom tkwfcsyfrsm;udk pm&if;wifvdkufaomf ½kyf0g'udk tkwfjrpfcHí-
(1) uHudk y,fjcif;ç
(2) 31-bHkwnf;[laom tusKd;w&m; cH.pH&mXmeudk ypfy,fjcif;ç
(3) bmom omoemudk y,fjcif;ç
(4) twdwftem*wfudk y,fjcif;ç (ypöKyÜefwpfb0 oE´d|du[kqdkjcif;)
(5) ½kyf0g'wdkUyif t&d,mvrf;pOfûyvkyfjcif;ç
(6) pdwfûyjyifrIudk y,fjcif;ç
(7) Ak'¨"r®? Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI tm;vHk;udk y,fjcif;ç
(8) ½kyfom t½dS emrfudk tjzpfrQom xm;jcif;ç ({upöoówrdpäm0g')
(9) tbd"r®myd#uudk vdkovdk zsufjcif;ç pGufjcif;ç tjcm;0denf; okwåefyd#uudkzsufqD;jcif;ç
(10) y#doaEäecef;udk rdrdpdwful;jzifh xifovdk jyifqifjcif; paom
tkwfcsyfwdkUudk toHk;ûyxm;aMumif; awGU&ayonf/
xdkvlaovljzpf ,Zfyv’if\ tkwfcsyfrsm;ozG,fjzpfaom uHuH\tusKd;udk y,fjcif;paom
tcsufwdkUudk a½SUvmrnfh apm'em&yfwdkUü rusOf;rus,f a0zefpdppfjyoGm;rnf jzpfayonf? ,ckapm'emürl
cdkifjrJrcdkifjrJ odomap&ef vlaovljzpf yv’iftkwfcsyfrsm;udk tenf;i,fpD pdppf oHk;oyftyfayonf/
uHy,frI
txufyg tkwfcsyfrsm;udk wpfckpD pdppfMunfhvdkufaomtcg owå0gwdkUonf uHtm;avsmfpGm 31-bHk
avsmf&mb0ü jzpfMu&í uHudk ry,fvQif vlaovljzpfudk wnfaqmufí r&Edkif? xdkUaMumifh OD;Ouú|onf
uHudk ypfy,fvdkufonf? wpfzef uH\ tusKd;quftjzpfjzifh oGm;a&muf cH-pH&rnfh bHkXmersm;udk ,HkMunfrI
½dSaeao;vQifvnf; vlaoNyD;aemuf vljyefjzpfjcif;udk ,HkMunfzdkU&ef rjzpfEdkifay? xdkUaMumifh 31-
bkHwnf;[laom uH\ tusKd;jzpf&mXmeudkvnf; OD;Ouú| y,fvdkufjyefonf? ,if;aemuf
bmomomoemw&m;[lorQonf usifh0wfw&m;udk tOD;xm;um ,Ofaus;rI tzHkzHkjyí qHk;rMu&m bmom
omoem½dSaevQif yxrtkwfcsyfjzpfaom uHudk y,fjcif;udpö rNyD;ajrmufEdkif&m? xdkUaMumifh bmom
omoemudkvnf; y,fvdkufjyefonf? uHudk y,fcJhonf jzpfí uHudk a0yHkcsxm;&m tcsdeftydkif;tjcm;
wnf;[laom twdwf-tem*wfudkvnf; y,f&rnfjzpfí y,fjyefonf? OD;Ouú|onf Ak'¨w&m;awmfudk
vufrvGwfao;onfhtaejzifh ouFef;ta&ûcHxm;onf jzpfí Ak'¨vrf;pOfjzpfaom t&d,mvrf;pOfudk
rsufuG,frûyomaomaMumifh ½kyf0g'udk t&d,mvrf;pOftjzpf ûyvkyfjyefonf/

tpodkU
37/ Ak'¨"r®wGif ]]pdwfom½Sifapm bk&m;a[m}}[lonfESifhtnD pdwfudk a½S;OD;pGm

xdef;ausmif;ûyjyif&rnfjzpf&m pdwfudk ûyjyifaeygu uHudky,fí r&Edkif? raemuHonf Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;
tvdktm;jzifh ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfaeayonf? xdkUaMumifh pdwfudk wGef;z,fí xkwfypfvdkojzifh edAÁmefudk
oGm;&mwGif pdwfrvdk? owdom vdkonf? pdwfum; y[mwAÁy,f&rnfh w&m;omwnf;[k ajcmufckajrmuf
tkwfcsyfwpfcsyfudk OD;Ouú|zefwD;&jyefonf? yÍörtkwfcsyf tjzpfjzifh ½kyf0g'udk t&d,mvrf;pOf ûyvkyfcJhNyD;
jzpfí ½kyf0g'ESifhqefUusifaom Ak'¨"r® Ak'¨,Ofaus;rItm;vHk;udk y,fzdkUvdkonf? xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨,Ofaus;rIudk
y,fjcif;[laom owårajrmuftkwfcsyfudk zefwD;jyefonf? OD;Ouú|onf vlaovljzpfwnfaqmuf&mü
½kyf0g'udk tkwfjrpfcs ½kyf0g'udkyif tkwfcsyfûyvkyfcJhonfh tm;avsmfpGm emrf\ ta&;yg t&ma&mufyHkudk
tenf;i,frQ todtrSwfrûybJ ½kyfomy&rwft½dSw&m;? emrfum; t&dyfta&mifjzpfonfqdk½HkrQ
jzpfay:vmaom jzpfumrwå tjzpfw&m;[k t|rajrmuf tkwfcsyfudk zefwD;jyefonf? vlaovljzpf[k
qdkaomfvnf; trSefpifppfrSm ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;udkom b0[k em;vnfxm;aom ypöKyÜefudkom tcdkiftrm
ûyxm;aomaMumifh Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk zsufqD;ypfrSjzpfawmhrnfjzpfí tbd"r®mESifhwuG tjcm;yd#uwfrsm;udk
rdrdvdkovdkzsufjcif; jznfhpGufjcif;wnf;[laom tkwfcsyfwpfvTmudk pDrHavonf? ½kyf0g't&
y#doaEäejcif;udpöudk rdrd\ twåaemrwdjzifh xif&mjrif&mpD&ifívnf; rjzpfaumif;aomaMumifh Ak'ä[m
y#doaEäecef;udk xifovdk jyifqifjznfhpGufvsuf 'ortkwfcsyfwpfvTm pDrHxkwfvkyfjyefavonf?
þonfum; vlaovljzpf taqmufttHkudk wnfaqmuf&mü OD;Ouú| pDrHxkwfvkyfaom
t"r®tkwfcsyfrsm;aywnf;/
38/ apm'uq&mawmfwdkU aqmifjyaom oufaoom"u-
(u) ]]vlom;qdkwJh owå0g aoqHk;NyD;wJhaemuf tu,fí jzpftHk;rnfqdkvQif vlrSwpfyg;
tjcm;bmaumifrS jzpfp&m r½Sd}}[laom tcsufyg½dS\? xdktcsufESifh ywfoufí atmufyg
OD;Ouú|\ pum;&yfwdkUudkvnf; qufpyfoHk;oyfae&rnf jzpf\/
(c) avmu"r®onf wrvGefavmu vkyfwdkif;ukef;\ [dkrSmbufrSm½dSaom b0ESifhvnf;
qufpyfjcif;r½dSbJ ,ck ypöu©oE´d|du rsufarSmufjzpfaom þb0ESifhom
vHk;0oufqdkifonf [lí jywfjywfom;om; em;vnfMuukef&m\/
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 151)
(*) aoNyD;onfhaemufumv (0g) vkyfwdkif;ukef;\? [dkrSmbufudk vufñdI;ñTefaom t,lum;
Ak'ÿ&dedAÁmefpHNyD;aemuf ESpfaygif;ESpf&mausmfrS Ak'¨0g'e,fy,ftwGif;odkU 0ifa&mufvmaom
{nfhonf0g'jzpfcJhavonf/ (Ak'¨pmcRefawmf 22-23)
(C) ]]t,H "ar®m oEd´|daum- ig a[maom þw&m;onf ,ckypöu©rsufarSmufb0ESifhom
qdkif\}}[lí tBudrfBudrf txyfxyf rjywfrarm 'vpyfa[mcJhaom a'oemudk
axmufjcif;tm;jzifh Ak'¨\ ur®0g'onf ykcufESifhacgif;tMum; wGifom

tpodkU
usufpm;aMumif;udk tjywftowf rSwf,ltyfavonf? vkyfwdkif;ukef;\ [dkrSmbufü

½dSonf[lí vufñdI;xdk;um ñTefjytyfaom raem'Gg& wdkufxGuf tEkrmersm;udk
yufyufpyfpyf wdkufzsufypf&ef rkcsvdkvm;tyfavonf/ (vlaovljzpf-51)
(i) aumif;rI aumif;wmudk aeUruGm nrvyf 'vpyf tm;xkwfí ûyvkyfêud;yrf;ol
vlom;twGuf tzdk;wef trsKd;rSef qkvmbfrsm;ESifh bHkcef;rsm;udk wcrf;wem;pDrHí
xm;cJhMuukef\? zefwD;í xm;cJhMuukef\? odkU&mwGif raumif;rI[k qdktyfaom
'kp½dkuft,kwfw&m;rsm;udk vdkufrSm; usK;vGefaom vlom;twGufvnf; pl;½Sxufjruf
wu,ftcH&cufonfh yufyufpufpuf tjypf'Pfrsm;udk tjyif;txef csrSwfí
xm;cJhMuukef\? &uf&ufpufpuf tjypf'PfcwfcJhMuukef\? pifpifvdk&if;rSm
pdwful;oufoufjzifh vlom;\ pdwf"mwfudk jzm;a,mif; aoG;aqmifcJhMuukef\?
ajcmufvSefUcJhMu\/ (vlaovljzpf-14)
txufygazmfjyyg (u) trSwfrS (i) trSwftxd OD;Ouú|\ pum;&yfrsm;udk aoaocsmcsmpdppf
Munfhaomtcg þodkU t"dyÜm,f&ayonf/
vlaoNyD;aemuf tu,fí jzpftHk;rnfqdkvQif vlyJjyefjzpfrnf/
tu,fí rjzpfawmhbl;qdkvQif bmrSrjzpfawmhay/
]]tu,fí}}[laom oHo,epum;onf t"dyÜm,fESpfcsufxGufonf? tu,fí jzpftHk;rnfqdkvQif?
tu,fí rjzpfawmhbl;qdkvQif þodkU ESpfcsufxGufayonf/
txufyg(u) trSwfjypum;xJu tu,fí rjzpfawmhbl;qdkvQif [laom 'kwd,t"dyÜm,fcsufudk
(c) (*) (C) (i) trSwfjypum;wdkYjzifh axmufcHcsufay;xm;\? rSef\-
(c) u-avmu"r®onf þb0ESifhom vHk;0qdkifonf? (aemufb0ESifhrqdkif[lvdk)/
(*) u-aoNyD; [dkbuf vufñdI;ñTefaom t,lum;? bk&m;t,l r[kwf? aemufrSay:aom t,l?
(aemufb0r½dS [lvdk)
(C) u-vkyfwdkif;ukef; (ocsKØif;)\ [dkrSmbufrSm b0r½dS? (aemufb0 r½dS[lvdk)?
(i) u-ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHwdkU\ tusKd;ay;&m bHkeef;qdkonfwdkUrSm pdwful;,OfrQom?
(aemufb0 aemufbHkb0 r½dS[lvdk)?
39/ txufyg OD;Ouú| pum;rsm;xJü ]]Ak'¨}}[laom pum; ]]oE´d|du}}[laom pum;ESpfvHk;udk
EkwfvdkufvQif OD;Ouú| 0g'ppfppf awGU&\? ]]Ak'¨}} ]]oE´d|du}}[laom pum;vHk;wdkUudk xnfhxm;jcif;um;
vkyfMuHzefwD;&ef ckwHk;vkyfjcif;rQom jzpfayonf? xdkUaMumifh OD;Ouú|\ 0g'ppfppfum; ]]aemufb0}}
r½dS[lownf;/
rSefvS\? OD;Ouú|onf ae&mrsm;pGmü tBudrfBudrf a<u;aMumfxm;onfhtwdkif; p-o-C-Z-u
(yÍöyom'½kyf) ig;yg;udkom qkyfudkifxm;aom ½kyf0g'DppfppfBuD; jzpfay&m aemufb0qdkaom tcsufonf

tpodkU
rsufpdjzifh jrifír&aom em;axmifí rMum;Edkifaom udk,fjzifhxdawGUí r&omaom ½kyfvGefobm0

jzpfaeojzifh rnfhonfhenf;ESifhrQ vufcHí r&acs? xdkUaMumifh OD;Ouú|onf ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;[laom
ypöKyÜKefwpfb0udkom wzGzG a<u;aMumfaejcif;jzpfayonf/
odkUaomf OD;Ouú|onf aemufb0r½dS[laom ½kyf0g'tjrifudkvnf;ydkifydkifBuD; rudkif0Hhol
jzpfaomaMumifh ]]tu,fí}}[laom pum;udk oHk;í ]]aoNyD;aemuf}} tu,fí jzpfOD;rnf qdkvQif}}[laom
pum;0gusudk wufavonf? vkyfwdkif;ukef;\aemuf [dkbufrSm bmrQr½dS? ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;yg[k
qdkygvsuf tu,fí jzpfOD;rnfqdkvQif}}[k vmjyefacsao;onfhtwGuf atmf. . OD;Ouú|ES,f udk,fhudk,fudk
opömjyefazmuf aeacsonfwum;[k owdxm;rdvdkufMuonf/
aumif;ygNyD? ]]aoNyD;wJhaemuf tu,fí jzpfOD;rnfqdkvQif vlrSwpfyg; tjcm;bmrSjzpfp&mr½dS?
vlyJjzpf&rnf}}qdkaom pum;t& ]]vlaovljzpf vljzpfvlao}} oHo&m vnf&ayrnf? ol\ pmtkyf
wpfae&müvnf; þtwdkif; a&;xm;avonf/
txufyg tcsufwdkUudk yd#uwf usrf;*efESifh nd§í aumufcsufcsonf ½dSaomf aemufb0r½dS[k
,laomt,lonf Oapä''d|d jzpf\? 0db0wPSm\ pm;usuf jzpf\? vlaovljzpf jrJonf[laom t,lonf
oów'd|d jzpf\? b0wPSm\ pm;usuf jzpf\? odkUjzpfaomaMumifh awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|onf
Oapä''d|dudka&m oów'd|dudkyg b,fnmESpfzufvHk; qkyfudkifxm;aom xl;jcm;aom rdpäm0g'½Sif
jzpfaMumif;awGU&ayonf? Ak'ömoemhordkif;ESifh ,SOfí od&aom rdpäm'd|dordkif;wGif OD;Ouú|vdk
wpfûydifeufxJ Oapä''d|dudka&m oów'd|dudkyg,lol tawmfuav; ½Sm;ayonf? xdkUaMumifh xl;jcm;aom
rdpäm0g'½SifjzpfaMumif; olUpum; olU0g't& od&ayonf/
oE´d|du pdppfcsuf
40/ ,ckqufvufí oE´d|duESifh pyfvsOf;aom OD;Ouú|\ pum;wdkUudk pOf;pm;MuukeftHh ]]t,H
"ar®m oE´d|daum-ig a[maom þw&m;onf ,ckypöu© rsufarSmufb0ESifhom qdkif\[lí
tBudrfBudrfa[mcJhaom a'oemudk axmufxm;jciftm;jzifh Ak'¨\ ur®0g'onf ykcufESifh
acgif;tMum;wGifom usufpm;aMumif;udk tjywftowf rSwf,ltyf\? vkyfwdkif;ukef;\ [dkrSmbufü
½dSonf[k vufñdI;xdk;um ñTefjytyfaom raem'Gg&wdkufxGuf tEkrmersm;udk wdkufzsuf ypf&ef
vdktyfonf}}[k OD;Ouú|u qdkcJh\? þpum;&yfwGif ]]t,H "ar®m oE´d|daum- ig a[mtyfaom
þw&m;onf ,ckypöu©rsufarSmuf b0ESifhom qdkif\}}[k teuf t"dyÜm,fxGufaom pum;rsdK;udk
yd#uwfawmf\ rnfonfhtpdwftydkif;rSmrS rawGU&? Ak'¨jrwfpGmu þuJhodkU rnfonfhtcgrS ra[m?
jrwfpGmbk&m;ra[monfudk ta[mvkyfí a&;jcif;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; pGyfpJGjcif;om jzpfayonf?
bk&m;a[m oE´d|du trSefudk odomap&ef ]]oE´d|daum}}[lí a[mawmfrlonfh ae&mrsm;pGm teufrS
ygVdawmftcsKdUudk xkwfjy½Sif;vif;OD;tHh/

tpodkU
41/ t*Fkwå&edum,f? quúedygwf? oE´d|duokwfygVdawmf 313-ü armVd,od0u y&dAdkZftm;

rdrd\ twGif;oEÅmefü avmbjzpfvQif avmbjzpfaMumif; odoavm[k jrwfpGmbk&m;u
ar;awmfrlaomtcg? odygonf[k ajzqdkavQmufxm;onf? xdkUtwl a'go arm[ rdrdtwGif; oEÅmefü
jzpfay:vmvQif a'goç arm[ jzpfaMumif; odoavm[k ar;awmfrlaomtcgvnf; armVd,od0uy&dAdkZfu
odygonf[k ajzqdk&m þodkU odcJhvQif oE´d|du"r®jzpfawmhonf[k rdefUawmfrl\/
'kwd,oE´d|duokwfüvnf; ykPÖm;wpfa,mufu oE´d|du udk,fwdkif jriftyfaom oabm?
tumvdu-wpfyg;tcsdefü r[kwfrlí ,ckcsufjcif; odEdkifaom oabm? {[dyódu vmprf;yg
Munfhprf;yg[k zdwfac:jyEdkifavmufaom oabm? Moyae,sdu rdrdpdwfü uyfí aqmifxdkufç
tpGrf;ukefpdwfü oGif;xm;xdkufaom oabm? ypöwåH a0'dwAÁ 0dñl[d ynm½dSwdkU udk,fwdkifodEdkif
cHpm;Edkifaom oabm[lonf tb,fenf;[k ar;vm\? Ak'¨jrwfpGmu rdrdoEÅmefü &m*ç a'goç arm[ç
udk,fç EIwfç pdwfudk zsufqD;wwfaom tjypfwpfpHkwpf&mjzpfaevQif jzpfrSef;odoavm[k ar;awmfrl&m
ykPÖm;u odygonf[k ajzqdk\? þodkU odvQif oE´d|du ponfjzpfawmh\[k Ak'¨jrwfpGm rdefUawmfrl\/
42/ þokwfawmfwdkU\ teuft"dyÜm,fudk pOf;pm;MunfhvQif OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG
wynfhaemufvdkufwdkU tm;udk;wBuD; oHk;pJGaeusjzpfaom teuft"dyÜm,frsKd; r[kwfaMumif;
twwfodEdkifayonf/ omrmefvlwpfa,mufonf rdrdoEÅmefü avmbjzpfaeonfudk jzpfrSef;rod
a'gojzpfaeonfudk jzpfrSef;roday? jrwfAk'¨tqHk;trudk&í pdwåmEkyóemç "r®mEkyóemudk ½IrSwf
yGm;rsm;aom olonfomvQif rdrdoEÅmefü bmjzpfí aeonfudk odEdkifayonf/ a½SUpdwftpOfü
yg0ifjzpfysufaeaom oabmwpfckckudk aemufpdwf tpOfjzifh odatmif avhusifhyGm;rsm;Edkifjcif;onf
Ak'¨"r®tvdkus ypöa0u©PmÓPf\ pGrf;&nfonfaomfvnf;aumif;? 0dyóemÓPf\ pGrf;&nf
onfaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfayonf? xdkUaMumifh þokwfwdkU\ tzGifh t|uxmq&mu
ypöa0u©PmÓPfudk &nf½G,fí bk&m;½Sifa[mawmfrlonf[k rSwfcsufcs ay;awmfrlxm;ayonf/
43/ þoE´d|duokwf ESpfokwfü Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf udk,fwdkifodEdkifaom ypöKyÜefjzpfonfh
w&m;awmfudk a[mawmfrlonf? odkU&mwGif-
1/ cPypöKyÜef=y&rw¬ppfppf Oyg'fqJjzpfaom cP?
2/ oEÅwdypöKyÜef=aZm0g& av;ig;BudrfrQ qufí jzpfqJcP?
3/ t'¨gypöKyÜef=y#doaE¨pkwdjzifh ydkif;jcm;tyfaom wpfb0wnf; [laom ypöKyÜef?
4/ or,ypöKyÜef=eHeufydkif; naeydkif; wpfaeUwmponf
avmua0g[m&tvdkufydkif;jcm;owfrSwf ac:a0:tyfaom jzpfqJcP
[lí ypöKyÜef 4-rsKd;&dS&mwGif oEÅwdypöKyÜefudkom &nf½G,fí þokwfü a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfonf? xdkUaMumifh
ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;[laom ,ck ypöu© rsufarSmufb0ESifhom qdkifonf[laom teuf þokwfwdkUrS

tpodkU
rxGufay? ]]oE´d|du}}[laom pum;ESifh ywfoufí t|uxmygVd atmufxufnd§í odom½kHazmfjyOD;tHh?

]]oE´d|du}} yk'fudk þodkUzGifhqdkay\/
t*FkwådK&f ygVdawmf? wduedygwf? tnw&jA[®Pokwft|uxmü þodkU zGifhjy\-
(u) oE´d|daum "ar®m a[mwDwd omrH yódwaAÁm a[mwd/ oE´d|daum a[mwd?
udk,fwdkifjrifxdkufaom oabm jzpf\ [lvdk/ (wdu-tH? tnw&jAm[®Pokwf? |-141)
(c) oE´d|daum t,H "ar®mwd t,H avmukwå&"ar®m a,e a,e t"d*awm a[mwd? awe
awe y&o'¨g, *EÅAÁwH [dwGm ypöa0u©PÓaPe o,H '|aAÁmwdoE´d|daum/
]]oE´d|daum t,H "ar®m}}[lonfum; þavmukwå&mw&m;onf udk,fydkifvufudkif&onfh
rnfolrqdk olwpfyg;tay: ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh csnf;uyfjcif;udkpGefUy,fí udk,fwdkif
odjriftyfaomaMumifh oE´d|durnfayonf [lvdk/ (o*gxm0*¾-|? a'0wmoH,kwf
ord'ökwf? 41-42)
(*) t&d,ra*¾g wm0 twåaem oEÅmae &m*g'DeH tbm0H ua&maEÅe t&d,yk*¾aveomrH
'|aAÁmwd oE´d|daum/
a½S;OD;pGm t&d,mr*fonf rdrdoEÅmefü &m*ponfwdkU\ r½dSjcif;udk ûywwfaom
t&d,yk*¾dKvfu udk,fwdkif jrifxdkufaomaMumifh oE´d|du rnf\ [lvdk/ (0dok'¨dr*f-y209)
(C) tyd p e00da"m yd avmukwå&"ar®m a,e a,e [d t"d*awm a[mwd? Aweawe
y&o'¨g, *EÅAÁwH [dwGm ypöa0u©PÓaPe o,H '|aAÁmwd oE´d|daum/
wpfenf;rSm avmukwå&mw&m; udk;yg;vHk;yif udk,fydkif&½dSxm;ol rnfolrqdk
olwpfyg;tay: ,HkMunfjcif;jzifh csOf;uyfjcif;udk pGefUy,fí ypöa0u©PmÓPfjzifhudk,fwdkif
jrifxdkufaomaMumifh oE´d|du rnf\/ (0dok'¨dr*f-|? y/ 209)
(i) 'd|EÅd 'óeH 0kpöwd? 'd|ar0 oE´d|H/ y/ t&[wDwd oE´d|daum/ avmukwå&m"ar®m[d
bm0embdor,0aoe opädud&d,mbdor,0aoep 'dórmaema,0
0¥b,Hed0awåwd/ jrifjcif;udk 'd|[k qdktyf\/ 'd|ESifh oE´d|dutwlwlyif? jrifjcif;udk
xdkufaomaMumifhoE´d|du rnf\/ xifpGmjytHh-avmukwå&mw&m;onf bm0embdor,
(yGm;apaomtm;jzifh odwwfaom todÓPf) opädud&d,mbdor,
(rsufarSmufûyaomtm;jzifh odwwfaom todÓPf) tpGrf;tm;jzifh jrifrSomvQifoHo&m
0#fab;udk uif;apwwf qkwfepfapwwf\/ (0dok'¨dr*f-|? y? 209)
tvGefcdkifrmvSaom þtaxmuftxm;rsm;t& udk,fwdkif jriftyfaomoabmudk oE´d|duac:onf?
vufawGU rsufawGUw&m;[k ac:vdku ac:Edkifonf? w&m;udk,ftm;jzifh avmukwå&mw&m;udk;yg;udk
aomfvnf;aumif;? ypöa0u©Pm ÓPfudkaomfvnf;aumif; oE´d|du\ t&aumuf&onf[k rkcsqwfqwf

tpodkU
rSwftyf\? þpum;t& oE´d|duudk ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;[lí owfrSwfjcif;onf qefUusifbuf

t,lomjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/
44/ xdkUjyif ]]oE´d|du"r®}} wpfrsKd;udk jyOD;tHh? t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? wduedygwf?
tnw&jA[¨Pokwfü þodkU vm½dS\? jA[¨PwpfOD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;xH csOf;uyfí ]]oE´d|du
udk,fawGUw&m;[k ajymaeMuygonf? b,ftaMumif; b,ftcsufjzifh udk,fawGUw&m;ç tcgrJhw&m;ç
vufawGUprf;oyfEdkifaomw&m;ç pdwfygvufyg 0ifpm;xdkufaomw&m;ç tod<u,folwdkU udk,fwdkif
cHpm;xdkufaomw&m; rnfygoenf;}}[k ar;avQmufonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ½Sif;½Sif;uav; a0zefjyawmf rlonfrSm- ]]jAm[®P. . . &m* txdk;tusifhç
tESdyfpufcH&í wyfwwfaom a,musfm;onf rdrdç olwpfyg;ysufpD;atmif tm;xkwfwwfonf?
pdwfqif;&Jjcif;udk cHpm;&wwfonf? ,if; &m* uif;aysmufoGm;aomtcg rdrdolwpfyg;udk ESdyfpufjcif;iSm
tm;rxkwfawmh? pdwfqif;&Jjcif;udk rcHpm;&awmhacs? xdkenf;twdkif; wyfwwfaom a,musfm;onf
udk,fEIwf pdwfwdkUjzifh raumif;rI ûyrdwwf\? rdrdtusKd; olwpfyg;tusKd;udkvnf; odwwfaom ÓPfray:?
,if; &m* uif;oGm;aomfum; udk,fç EIwfç pdwfwdkUjzifh raumif;rIudk rûyjzpf? rdrdtusKd; olwpfyg;tusKd;udk
odEdkifaom ÓPfay:vmwwf\? jA[®mP. . .þodkUaom taMumif;aMumifh udk,fawGUw&m; (oE´d|du)
jzpfonf[k qdkEdkifavawmh\? (a'gotESdyfpufcH&ol? arm[tESdyfpufcH&ol txufenf;twdkif;yif)/
(wdu-tH? tnw& jA[®Pokwf? 156) (csHK;í jrefrmjyefqdkcsuf jzpfonf)? ,if; wdu-tH-
y&dAÁmZmuokwf 157-158 üvnf; tvm;wl a[mawmfrlonf/
45/ þjA[®PokwfESifh y&dAÁmZmuokwfESpfokwfü avmuDavmukwå&m vufawGUrsufawGU
w&m;udk Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlonf? avmuDvufawGUrsufawGUw&m;um; t&d,r*fvrf;aMumif; ay:odkU
avQmufíaeaom Ak'öm0u t&d,r*ft,OfodkU 0ifqJ 0ifNyD;jzpfaom yk*¾dKvfwdkUudk &nf½G,fí a[maom
w&m;wnf;? þüvnf;? ]]oE´d|du"r®}} udk ]]omrH yódwaAÁm}} udk,fwdkifjriftyfaom w&m;[líomvQif
t|uxmq&m½SifESifhwuG omoemhtpOftvmu teuft"dyÜm,f aumuf,lavh ½SdMuonf?
OD;Ouú|qdkouJhodkU oE´d|duonf ,ckypöu© rsufarSmufb0ESifhom qdkif\ [laomteuf
t"dyÜm,frxGufay/
aemuft*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? oE´d|du"r®okwf? wpfokwfüvnf; þodkU awGU&\? t½SiftmeE´monf
aumorÁDjynf aCmodwm½Hkausmif;ü½dSpOf t½SifO'g,DESifh w&m;pum;aqG;aEG;Muaomtcg
tb,frQavmufaom taMumif;jzifh vufawGUrsufawGUw&m;udk bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlygoenf;[k
tar;½dSvmí ajzqdkonfrSm- igh½Sif. . . yXrpsmef0ifpm;í aejcif;jzifhvnf; Ak'¨jrwfpGmu y&d,m,ftm;jzifh
vufawGU rsufawGUw&m; (oE´d|du)[k a[mawmfrlygonf? xdkUtwl 'kwd,psmefç wwd,psmefç pwkw¬psmefç
tmumomeÍö,wepsmefç 0dnmPÍöm,wepsmefç tmudÍönm,wepsmef ae0onmeonm,wepsmefudk
0ifpm;í aejcif;tm;jzifhvnf; Ak'¨jrwfpGmu y&d,m,ftm;jzifh vufawGUrsufawGUw&m;[k

tpodkU
a[mawmfrlygonf? rkcspifppftm;jzifhrlum; ae0onmeonm,wepsmefudk ausmfvGefí eda&m"ormywfudk

0ifpm;vsuf udavom tmoa0gwdkUudk ukefapvsuf aejcif;jzifh oE´d|du"r® vufawGUrsufawGUw&m;udk
Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlygonf[k ajzqdkavonf/ (e0u-tH? oE´d|du"r®okwf 245-246)
txufyg okwfawmfü ]]y&d,m,f}} [laompum; rkcs[laompum;ESpf&yfudk uJGuJGjym;jym;
rSwf,l&rnf? rkcsteuf[lonfrSm ESpfenf;ESpfvrf; r½dS? wpfxpfcsenf;vrf; wpfvrf;tm;jzifhom
jzpfEdkifaom teuft"dyÜm,frsKd; jzpfonf? y&d,m,f[lonfum; wpfenf;wpfzHktm;jzifh xdkoabm½dSí
wpfenf;wpfzHktm;jzifh xdkoabmvnf;r½dSaom teuft"dyÜm,f (Relatively Senseful-Thing) jzpfonf/
þoE´d|duokwfawmfudk axmufqvQif vufawGU rsufawGU[laom oE´d|du"r®onf
Ak'ömoemawmfü aeUpOfawGUêuHaeus pmjcif;-aomufjcif;-tdyfjcif;-jrif-Mum;-eH-vsuf-xdawGUjcif;udk
qdkvdkonfr[kwf? ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;udk qdkvdkonf r[kwf? orm"d ynmwdkUjzifh tawmftxufwef;
usaeaom w&m;rsm;udk yGm;rsm;&,lxm;jcif;om jzpfonf[k odEdkifayonf/
odkU&mwGif t½Siford'¨dax&f awmtkyftwGif;ü a&csKd;NyD;p udk,foefUpifaepOfwGif ewforD;wpfOD;u
t½Siford'¨dax&f\ ½lyum, jynfh0wifhw,frIudk Munfh½Ium ]]t½Sif&[ef;. . . oifonf i,f½G,fEkysKdí
eufaomqHyifjzifh yXrt&G,fü t½G,faumif;jcif;ESifh jynfhpHkaepOf vlUumr*kPfwdkYudk cHpm;ygOD;vm;? (rm
oE´d|duH [dwGm umvduH tEk"m0D)- udk,fawGU umr*kPfudk y,fcGmí udk,fawGUr[kwfaom aemiftcgrS
&rnfh umr*kPfaemufodkU rvdkufygvifh}}[lí qdkavonf? þpum;&yfü ewforD;\ tvdkrSm ,ckvufiif;
cHpm;Edkifaom umr*kPfonf oE´d|du? aemufb0 ewfjynfusrS cHpm;&rnfh umr*kPfonf umvdu?
þodkUaom xifjrifcsufjzifh þpum;udk qdkjcif; jzpfonf? xdkpOftcgu vla&mewfyg t&nftcsif;nHhaom
owå0gwdkUonf &[ef;w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;udk ewfjynfpnf;pdrf cHpm;&efç wrvGefumvü csrf;om&&efç
trsKd;aumif;om;wdkU ûyvkyfMuonf[k tjrifrSm;vsuf ½dSMuonf/
xdkewforD;\ pum;udk ord'¨dax&fu jyefMum;&mü tdkewforD;. . . igonf wrvGefavmu
csrf;omaemufodkU vdkufaeonfr[kwf? wrvGefavmucsrf;omudk y,fpGefUum oE´d|du
rsufarSmufcsrf;omudk vdkufpm; ½SmazGae\? wrvGefavmuü &½dSrnfh umr*kPfwdkUudk
qif;&Jyifyef;jcif;rsm;vS\[k bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlonf? rESpfoufzG,f tjypfwdkUvnf; vGefpGm rsm;\[k
a[mawmfrlonf? ,ck igvdkufpm;usifhMuHaeaom w&m;um; oE´d|du udk,fwdkifjrifEdkifaom w&m;?
tumvdu-tcsdefrvifh tusKd;&aom w&m;? {[dyódu-vufudkudkifqJG &J&JBuD; prf;Munfhprf;yg[k
zdwfac:Edkifaom w&m;? Moyae,sdu-edAÁmefudk ydkUaqmifwwfaom t&d,r*fwnf; [laomw&m;?
rsufarSmufûyxdkufonfh tjzpfodkU uyfaqmif&rnfh t&d,mzdkvfESifh edAÁmefw&m;? 0dñl[d ypöwåH a0'dwAÁ
ynm½dSwdkU udk,fwdkifudk,fus od½dScHpm;xdkufaomw&m; jzpfonf[k rdefUqdkavonf/
ewforD;\ oE´d|du"r®ESifh t½Sifor'¨dax&f\ oE´d|du"r®wdkUonf þo*gxm0*¾?
a'0wmoH,kwf? ord'¨dokwf 9-wGif ododomom xl;jcm;uJGvJGí aeayonf? OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwynfh

tpodkU
om;ajr;wdkU\ oE´d|du"r®um; þokwfü ewforD;ajymqdkaom oE´d|dursKd;jzpfonf? omoemawmf\

tESpfom&jzpfaom oE´d|du"r®um; t½Siford'¨dax&f &nfñTef;ajymqdktyfaom t&d,mr*fzdkvf
edAÁmefw&m;rsKd; jzpfayonf/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh bk&m;a[maom ]]oE´d|du}}onfum; orm"d ynmç
r*fÓPfç zdkvfÓPfç edAÁmefwdkU\ t&omjzpfayonf? ]]oE´d|du}}onf ykcufESifh acgif;Mum; wpfb0twGif;
[lonfum; bk&m;tvdk r[kwfay/ bk&m;ESifh rnfodkUrQ roufqdkif jzpfayonf/

]tEkrme} oHk;oyfcsuf
46/ ,cktcg OD;Ouú|\ ]]raem'Gg&wdkufxGuf tEkrmersm;udk yufyufpufpuf
wdkufzsufypf&rnf}}[laompum;udk pdppfOD;tHh? OD;Ouú|taejzifh tEkrmeudk vufrcHjcif;rSm ]]ypöu©ar0
yrmPH}}[laom ½kyf0g'DwdkU\ tqdktrdefUt& vufawGU rsufawGU ypöu©wpfckwnf;udkom OD;Ouú|
vufcHjcif;aMumifh jzpfayonf? tEkrmeudk OD;Ouú|u y,fpGefUonfqdkaomfvnf; ]]vlaovljzpf}} onf
ol\rsufawGU vufawGUr[kwf? olUwynfh wpfOD;OD;\ vufawGUvnf; r[kwf? tEkrme
rsuf&rf;qrQomjzpfaMumif; owdûyrd[ef r½Sdacs?
ygVdawmf t|uxm #DumBuD;wdkYü ypöu©od'¨d? tEkrmeod'¨d? Oyrmeod'¨d? oa'¨,sod'¨d[lí
NyD;ajrmufaprI od'¨d 4-rsKd;udk vufcH toHk;ûyayonf? tdE´d, 'óeaA'ü a½SUoGm;wpfOD;jzpf[ef½dSaom
a*gwru &aohonfvnf; teuft"dyÜm,fudk od½dSyHkenf;vrf; av;rsKd;½dSaMumif; þodkU azmfjyxm;onf-
1/ ypöu© = rsufjriftm;jzifh awGUêuHcHpm;í od½dSem;vnfjcif;ç (Perception)
2/ tEkrme = cefUrSef;pOf;pm;í teuft"dyÜm,fudk od½dSem;vnfjcif;ç (Inference)
3/ Oyrme = EdIif;,SOfcsdefxdk;í od½dSem;vnfjcif;ç (Comparism)

4/ oa'¨,s = ,HkMunfxdkufaom ol\pum;udk taxmuftxm;ûyí teuft"dyÜm,fudk
od½dSem;vnfjcif;ç (Understanding through the statement of trustworthy person)
þudk&nfí a*gwruÓ,okwfü þodkUqdk\?
=(jrefrm)rsufjriftm;jzifh odjcif;ç cefUrSef;aom tm;jzifhodjcif;ç EIdif;,SOfí

odjcif;ç ,HkMunfxdkufaom ol\ pum;t& odjcif;-[lí odjcif; 4-rsKd;wdkU ½dSukef\ (wuúbmom
ESm-32 a*gwr uÓ,okwf 113)
trSwf 1-ypöu©od'¨drSm OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG avmum,w0g'D (0g) ½kyf0g'DwdkU\ vufawGUrsufawGU
[laom 0g'yif jzpfonf? pyspfoD;udk csKdonf[laom olwpfyg;ajymaom pum;udk udk,fwdkifjrnf;prf;í
rMunfh&orQ r,HkMunfjcif;ç u&d0dufiSuf\ tvGefom,m csKdNrdefaom toH[lonfudk
udk,fwdkifrMum;bl;í r,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;aywnf; (Seeing is beliveing)[k ,ckacwfü ajymqdkoHk;EIef;
aeMuaom pum;uJhodkU udk,fawGUr[kwfvQif r,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;wnf;/

tpodkU
trSwf 2-tEkrmeod'¨d[lonfrSm wpfESifhwpfck csdefxdk;í cefUrSef;vsuf odjcif; jzpfonf? vGefcJhaom

nu yifv,fa&wufvmonfudk rsufpdjzifh udk,fwdkifrawGUvdkuf&? odkYaomf eHeufrdk;vif;aomtcg
atmufxyftdrfwdkifrsm;ü a&wufvmpOfu a&a&mufcJhonfhtxdrf;trSwf a&pdkaeonfhae&mudk
Munfhívnf;aumif; Nidwifusef&pfcJhaom 'dkufoa&m jrufopf½GufwdkUudk jrif&ívnf;aumif; vGefcJhaom
nu yifv,fa&wufcJhaMumif;udk od&\? þenf;twdkif; rD;cdk;awGUvQif rD;udk rjrif&aomfvnf;
rD;½dSaMumif; od&\? taphrS tyifaygufaMumif; ed,mrudk axmufxm;í taphudk udk,fawGUyif
rjrif&aomfvnf; o&ufyifBuD; refusnf;yifBuD;rsm;udk jrifaomtcg taphrS aygufvmaom
tyifBuD;rsm;jzpfaMumif; od&onf? þodkUrSef;qí odjcif;rsKd;udk tEkrmeod'¨d ac:onf?
trSwftom;wpfckckudk oHk;oyfem;vnfjcif;onf tEkrmernf\[k tdE´d,
'óea*gwru &aohu qdkonf/
trSwf 3-Oyrmod'¨d[lonfrSm EdIif;,SOfcsdefxdk;í odjcif;ç tqifwltoGifwludk jrifí
odjcif;rsKd;wnf;? EGm;aemufowå0gudk rjrifzl;aom vlwpfa,mufonf EGm;aemufqdkonfrSm
EGm;ESifho@efwlaom owå0gwpfaumifjzpfaMumif; Mum;em rSwfom;zl;í awmodkU a&mufaomtcg
EGm;aemufudk awGUjrifvQif þowå0gum; EGm;ESifhwlonf? EGm;aemuf {uefjzpf&rnf[k odonf? ,if;udk
&nf½G,fí a*gwruokwfü qdkonf?

t"dyÜm,frSm wpfpHkwpfa,muf ñTefMum;ajymqdkvdkufaom pum;\teufudk trSwf&jcif;ESifhwuG
jzpfaptyfaom EGm;ESifhwlnDrIonf txl;ûytyfaom txnfj'Afudk odjcif;udk Oyrme[k ac:onf/
trSwf 4-oa'¨,sod'¨d[lonfrSm jA[®mBuD;\ pum;[k todtrSwfûyMuaom
a0'qdkif&m usrf;pmrsm;ç c&pfawmf\ rkcygXfawmfrsm;ç tv’mbk&m;ocif\ rkcygXfawmfjzpfaom
udk&ftefusrf;pmrsm;udk ,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;wnf;? tus,fjzefUí teufaumufaomf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
jrwfpGmbk&m;tay:ü pJGjrJxufoefpGm ,HkMunfrIudk taMumif;ûyí bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfrsm;udk trSef[k
,HkMunfjcif;ç "mwfcJGcef;ü txufwef;usaom "mwfcJGBud,mrsm; tao;Munfh ta0;Munfh
rSefajymif;ponfwdkUjzifh Munfh½IoHk;oyfí ajymqdktyfaom odyÜHynm½SifwdkU\ odyÜHynmESifhpyfaom
pum;rsm;udk odyÜHynmem;rvnfaom omrmefvlwef;pm;wdkYu trSef[k ,HkMunfjcif;rsKd; yg0ifonf? Oyrm-
odyÜH ynm½SifwdkY\ pum;udk ,Hkí vurÇmodkU vla&mufonfudk ,HkMunfjcif;ç a&wpfpuf-zHkwpfrIefUvQif
ydk;rTm;i,fuav;rsm; ajrmufajrmufjrm;jrm; yg0ifjcif;udk ,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;wnf;/
47/ tEkrmeudk vufrcHqdkaom OD;Ouú|onf Oyrme EIdif;,SOfjcif;ç o'¨=,HkMunfxdkufaom
olwdkU\ pum;udk taxmuftxm;ûyí ,HkMunfjcif;wdkUudk vufrcH[k awG;xifp&m½dSonf/ odkU&mwGif
þodkUum; r[kwfacs? odyÜHynm½SifwdkU\ pum;udkrl bk&m;a[mxuf tav;ydkíxm;ojzifh 'g0if\ 0g'ESifh
tjcm;½kyf0g'wdkUudk OD;Ouú| vufcH,HkMunfvSayonf/


tpodkU
xdkUjyif ,aeU qdkifaumfavmf*sDu vufcHxm;aom-

1/ ½dk;½dk; jrifod Mum;od paom yÍö0dÓPfod (Perception)
2/ tMum;tjrif ryg? awG;awm MuHqod(Bare sensation or imagination)

3/ awG;MuH,if; tqifhqifhodaom tod (0dyóemtod tygt0if) (Speculation)
4/ jyefvnfawG;MuHod (Rememberance) rsm; yg0ifonf/

xdkwGif 1-rSm tm½Hk Hk (Sense-object) ESifh reodum& (Attention) udk tajccHonf? 2-rSm
raem'Gg& oufoufomjzpfonf? tm½Hk (Object) ESifh owduyfrI (Impression) rsm; ryg0ifay?
þESpfrsKd;wGif OD;Ouú|onf 1-udkom vufcHí 2-udk vufrcHvdkay? (0g) yÍö0dnmPfod ½kyfodudkom
vufcHí raem0dnmPfod emrfod pdwfodudk vufoifhrcHay? þum; ½kyf0g'Dwdkif; xm;½dSaom
oabmxm;wnf;/ odkUaomf OD;Ouú|onf i,fi,fu pmusufí ynmoifcJhzl;\? tjrif
tMum;rygonfhtod (Bare sensation) udk em;rvnfí vufrcHjcif;om jzpf&rnf? OD;Ouú|oEÅmefü
xdktodrsdK;aygif; tqrsm;pGm &dScJhzl; jzpfcJhzl;onfrSmum; trSefyifwnf;/
48/ wpfzefwHk e,m,'óeu
1/ tm½HkESifhqufpyfí od&aom tod?
2/ tm½Hkxifvmjcif; r½dS? wpfpHkwpf&m xl;jcm;aom taMumif;wpfckcku

tm½HkESifh tm&r®Pduudk qufpyfay;aom tod? ,if;udk Extra - sensory - per - ception. [k ac:Muonf?
þodkU todESpfrsKd;cJGjcm;azmfjy\? ,if;ESpfrsKd;wGif 1-udkom OD;Ouú|u vufcHí 2-udk vufrcHvdkay/
xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨w&m;awmfu jyñTefaom psmef0darmu© r*fzdkvf edAÁmefwdkUudk OD;Ouú| r,HkMunfay?
½kyf0g'Djzpfaeí vufrcH-r,HkMunfonfrSmvnf; qef;awmh rqef;ay/
49/ þae&mü wuúaA'Sylogismac: tEkrmewpfck xkwfMunfhvQif þodkU awGU&rnf-
OD;Ouú| tvdk
(u) Ak'ä[maom w&m;rsm;onf ,ckb0 ypöu©ESifhom qdkifonf/
(c) ur®0g'onf bk&m;a[m jzpfonf/
(*) xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨\ ur®0g'onf ,ckb0 ypöu©ESifhom qdkifonf/

t|uxm #Dum q&mrsm;ESifhwuG Ak'¨0g'DwdkU\tvdk
(u) Ak'ä[maom w&m;rsm;onf ,ckb0 ypöu©ESifhom qdkifonf r[kwf? twdwf
tem*wfESifhvnf; qdkifonf/
(c) ur®0g'onf bk&m;a[mjzpfonf/
(*) xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨\ur®0g'onf ,ckb0 ypöu©ESifhom qdkifonf r[kwf? twdwf
tem*wfESifhvnf; qdkifonf/
tpodkU
þwuúaA'pepft& OD;Ouú|\ tEkrmeonf tajccHrSpí vJGrSm;aeonf? xdkUaMumifh

taMumif;jycsufESifh ed*Hk;onfvnf; trSm;pifppfjzpfawmhonf/ Ak'¨0g'DwdkU\ tqdkonfomvQif Ak'¨bmodw
pum;awmfwdkUESifh nDñGwfí ,kwådESifhvnf; jynfhpHkaomaMumifh tajccH rSefvsuf ½dSonf? xdkUaMumifh
taMumif;jyESifh qHk;jzwfcsufwdkUonfvnf; y&0g'DwdkU vIyf&Sm;r,dkif jrJcdkifaom tEkrme jzpfayonf/
OD;Ouú|onf tEkrmudky,fí rsufawGU vufawGU 0g'Dvdkvdk xifp&m½dSaomfvnf; tu,fpifppfum;
þodkU r[kwfay/ tEkrmeudk vufcHvdkonfhtcg vufcHí y,fvdkonfhtcg y,fonf? arsmufu
vljzpfvmonfqdkaom 'g0if0g'uJhodkU tEkrmersuf&rf;qonfudkum; OD;Ouú| vufcHxm;ayonf?
]]tDaAmfvl½Sif;pepf} qdkonfrSm tEkrmeyif jzpf\? þ½kyf0g' tEkrmeudk OD;Ouú| udk;uG,fjyefonf/
ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dumvm tEkrmeudkrl y,f½Sm;ypfavonf/
qdktyfcJhNyD;aom pum;pOft& OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf taMumif;jywpfcsufjzpfaom Ak'¨\
ur®0g'onf ykcufESifh acgif;tMum;wGif usufpm;aMumif;udk tjywftowf rSwf,ltyf\[k qdkaompum;ç
bHkcef; i&Jcef;onf raem'Gg&wdkufxGuf tEkrme[laom pum;wdkUonf "r®ESifh rnDñGwfaomaMumifh
t"r®0g'om jzpfaMumif; trSwf(2) 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
ecoDcokwfESifh vlaovljzpfudk pdppfcsuf

50/ vlaovQif vlomjzpfonf [laom 0g'onf atmufyg ecoDcokwf ygVdawmfrsm;ESifh
ajzmifhajzmifhBuD; qefUusifaeygonf bk&m; [k ed'gef;ysKd;í atmufyg ecoDcokwfudk apm'uq&mawmfrsm;
wifjyMuonf/
xdktcgü bk&m;½Sifonf tenf;i,faom ajrrIefUudk vufonf;ay:ü wifawmfrlNyD;vQif ]]&[ef;wdkU.
. .'gudk b,fvdkxifMuovJ/ vufonf;ay:ü ig wifxm;aom ajrrIefUESifh þajrBuD;onf tb,fu
omvGefí rsm;oenf;}}[k ar;awmfrlonf/
½Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;. . .þajrBuD;uom ydkí rsm;ygonf? vufonf;ay:ü ½Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;
wifxm;aom þajrrIefUonfum; rajymavmufzG,f tenf;i,frQom ½dSygonf bk&m;? þajrBuD;udk
axmufqvQif vufonf;ay:ü ½Sifawmfbk&m; wifxm;aom ajrrIefUonf a&wGufjcif;odkU ra&mufEdkifyg?
axmufqjcif;odkUvnf; ra&mufEdkifyg? tpdwftzdkUodkUvnf; ra&mufEdkifyg[k avQmufxm;Muygonf/
&[ef;wdkU. . .þtwlyif vlUjynfrS pkawMuí vlUjynfüjzpfaom owå0gwdkUum; enf;yg;vSukef\?
pifppfrSmrl vlUjynfrSmpkawMuí i&Jüjzpfaom owå0gwdkUom rsm;ukef\/ y/ wd&pämefrsKd;üjzpfaom
owå0gwdkUom rsm;ukef\/ y/ NydwåmbHkwdkUüjzpfaom owå0gwdkUom rsm;ukef\/ y/ ewfjynfüjzpfaom
owå0gwdkUonf enf;yg;ukef\? i&Jü jzpfMuukef wd&pämefü jzpfMuukef NydwåmbHkü jzpfMuukefaom
owå0gwdkUom omvGefí rsm;vSukef\[k Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;u rdefUawmfrlonf/

tpodkU
þenf;twl ewfbHkç i&JbHkç NydwåmbHkwdkUrS pkawí vlUbHkü vlvmjzpfolenf;yg;í i&J wd&pämef

NydwåmbHkwdkUü jzpfMuolwdkUom rsm;vSyHkudkvnf; r[m0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf? yÍö*wday,smv0*f? pmrsufESm
(412? 413? 414) wdkUü ½Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlxm;ygonf[k
xdkxdkokwåefrsm;udk axmufí apm'emwifMuonf/
51/ þapm'em pum;&yfjzifh tvGefcdkifrmwdusaom ecoDcokwfwnf;[laom
rSwfausmufay:ü wifvdkufaomtcg vlaovljzpf0g'wnf;[laom a½T&nfpdrf rdk;êud;onf
a½Ttppfr[kwfbJ twkjzpfaeaMumif; bGm;bGm;BuD; ay:vmayonf/
ygyo®ð &raw raem bk&m;a[m a'oemawmft& owå0gwdkU\ pdwf"mwfonf raumif;rIü
tpOfñGwf,drf;vsuf ½dSaomaMumifh udk,f EIwf pdwfwdkUjzifh ûyorQ ajymorQ awG;MuHorQwdkUonf £óm
rpä&d, a'go rme igpJG q&mpJG vlrsKd;pJG tp½dSaom wPSm'd|dtpJGwdkUjzifh tjrJzHk;vTrf;tkyfpdk;jcif;udk
cHae&onfjzpfí ,if;wdkU\ um,uH 0pDuH raemuHonf taumif;jzpfzdkUxuf tqdk;jzpfzdkUom
rsm;aeayonf? okp½dkufjzpfzdkUxuf 'kp½dkuf jzpfzdkUu rsm;í aeayonf/
OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG aemufvdkuf wynfhwyef;wdkUonf ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHudk y,faomfvnf;
um,uH 0pDuH raemuHwdkUudk vufcHaMumif; þae&mü owdûy&ayrnf? xdkUaMumifh rdk;usa½Tudk,f[k
OD;Ouú|wdkU orkwfxm;aom twdwfuHudk csefvdku csefxm;apOD;apawmh ,ck avmavmq,f ypöKyÜefü
ûyvkyfajymqdkawG;MuHaeaom um,uH 0pDuH raemuHwdkUum; rdk;ay:us uHr[kwfrlí vufawGU rsufawGU
udk,fwdkifûyvkyftyfaom uHjzpfayonf/
xdkuHonf ]]tuf½Sif;ESifh &Dtuf½Sif; (Action and Reaction) taMumif;ESifh tusKd;w&m;}}
oabmw&m;t& eH&HbufodkU uefvTwfvdkufaom abmvHk;onf eH&Hudk xdrSefí uefaomvlxHodkU
jyefvmonfhyrm? a&xJodkUusoGm;aom cJvHk;uav;onf urf;em;odkUta&muf vIdif;tqufquf
xaponfhyrm tusKd;rûybJ rae? tusKd;rjzpfapbJ aysmufí roGm;ay? þum; avmued,mr "r®ed,mr
(The Universal Law, The Order of Norm) om jzpfonf? rsufarSmufacwf ½lyaA'ynmwdkUu
vufawGUprf;oyf axmufcHxm;aom obm0 jzpfayonf/
,if;odkUjzpfvQif xdkuHonf ,ckb0üom tusKd;ay;onf r[kwf? b0rsm;pGmüvnf;
taMumif;nDñGwfvQif oifhavsmfaom tvSnfhtBudrf tcgtcGifhwpfckckü tusKd;ûyonf[k
em;vnfEdkifayawmhonf? xHk;tdk;xJwGif vufudkEIdufí jzLvmaom vufudkvnf;aumif;? uwå&mtdk;xJodkU
vufudkEIdufí eufvmaom vufudkvnf;aumif; Munfhum ,ckvkyf ,cktusKd;ay;onf? aemifb0
apmifh&efrvdk [laom pum;rsKd;udk ajymqdkjcif;onf obm0Oya'udk rysHU rESHU rûcHriHkrdaom tqdkjzpfonf/
rD;cJudk udkifrdí ,ckcsufcsif; ylonfrSefaomfvnf; ,if;tylonf csufcsif;aysmufí roGm;? rdrd&&
ususee udkifrdcJhygu nbufüjzpfap aemuf&ufrsm;üjzpfap zl;a,mifaygufuJG udkufcJemusifí
tusKd;quf 'ku©vSvSBuD; ay;aewwfonfudk vlwdkif;todyif jzpfonf? euf½dIif;pGm ql;pl;cH&aom

tpodkU
owå0gwpfa,mufonf ,if; ql;\ tqdyf'Pfudk csufcsif; rcH&apumrl &ufanmif;aomtcg

twGif;aqG; aqG;ykyfí t½dk;cdkufatmif temjzpfvsuf 'ku©ay;wwfonfrSmvnf; rsufjrifxif½Sm;aom
oufaowpfckyif jzpfonf? i½kyfoD;onf ,ckpm;vQif ,ckpyfonf[k qdk\/ odkUaomf ,ck
csufcsif;pyfjcif;xuf umvMumrS qD;yla&m*gjzpfapwwf? rsufpdrIefrJG &ifxJylavmifapwwfaom
i½kyfowåd½dSonfudk rsufuG,fûyí r&aumif;ay? 0rf;EIwfaq;pm;vQif csufcsif;0rf;emí
"mwfroGm;aomfvnf; tcsdefusvmaomtcg 0rf;emí 0rf;oGm;&onf? xdkenf;twdkif;yif rusef;rrmaom
olwpfa,muf oifhavsmfaom aq;0g;"mwfpmudk rDS0Jae&m ,ck csufcsif; xdkaq;onf tpGrf;rjyaomfvnf;
umvMumaomtcg a&m*gaysmufuif;apí tom;ta& pdkajy0ûzd;jcif; touf½Snfjcif;tp½dSaom
tusKd;w&m;udk jzpfaponfrSm vlwdkif;yif awGUêuHzl;aom cHpm;csuftawGUtêuHjzpfonf? þenf;twdkif;
tuf½Sif;wpfckonf &Dtuf½Sif;wpfckudk jzpfap&mü ,ckcsufcsif;vufiif;udkom uGufí Munhfum
rqHk;jzwf&m? ,ckcsufcsif; vufiif;udkom Munfhí qHk;jzwfwwfonfum; vlnHhwdkU\ t&mrsKd;om
jzpfayonf? uH\ tusKd;qufonfum; ,ckb0üaomfvnf;aumif;? b0oHo&m wpfauGUüaomf
vnf;aumif; jzpfapvdrfhrnf[lonfudk oEéd|mefus rSwfom;Mu&monf/
52/ ,if;odkUqdkvQif xdkowå0g\ xdkraumif;uHonf &mZ0wfrI usL;vGefaom oludk xdkol\
jypfrIu tcsKyfaxmifodkU ydkUí axmifeef;pHapouJhodkU i&Jpaom 'k*¾wdwdkUü 'ku©vSvScHaprnf rcRwfwnf;?
xdki&Jpaom bHkudk xm0&paom bk&m;½SifwdkUu zefwD;xm;onf r[kwf? obm0uom zefwD;onf?
obm0[lonfrSm aemufuqdkcJhaom (The Universal Law.The Order of Norms) avmued,mr "r®ed,mr
yifjzpfonf? xdki&Jpaom bHkodkU rnfolurQ ydkUonfr[kwf? (The Law of Action & Reaction) ur®ed,mru
ydkUonf/ xdktcgrSm vlom;onf vlUb0udk om,mvSygonf? wG,fwmvSygonf? þom; þr,m;
þpnf;pdrfESifh rcGJEdkifrcGm&ufyg[k Oyg'gef taxmiftaomif; ½Sdaeaomfvnf; ,if;Oyg'gefxuf tm;½Sdaom
Av0 tukodkvfuHu a&rsm; a&Edkif rD;rsm; rD;Edkifyrm xdkvlom;udk tyg,fodkU qGJac:oGm;rnf rcRwfwnf;?
vlaovlrjzpfonfhjyif aMumifuav; acG;uav;aomfrS rjzpfrlí i&Jaumif Nydwåmaumif tjzpfodkU
a&mufoGm;rnf {uefwnf;/
53/ xdkodkUr[kwf vlom;onf rdwfaqGaumif; q&maumif;udk rSD&í pdwfaumif;0ifum
aumif;rIaumif;&m ûyvkyfajymqdkawG;MuHrdvQif vlUbHkrSm vlvnf;jyefí jzpfEdkifonf? vlUxuftqifhjrifhaom
ewfjA[®mtjzpfjzifhvnf; jzpfvmEdkifonf? ,if;udk&nf½G,fí –
rdwåorÜ'rm*r®? a,medaom p y,kÍÆawm/
0dZÆm0drkwåd 0oDbma0g? oAÁarawe vAÇwd/
rmEkódum p orÜwåd? a'0avmau p ,m &wd/
,m p edAÁmeorÜwåd? oAÁarawe vAÇwd/ (ck? 1? 10/)

tpodkU
jrefrmtusOf;
rdwfaqGaumif;ESifh jynfhpHkrIudk taMumif;ûyí enf;rSefvrf;rSeftm;xkwfrdaom owå0gonf
0dZÆmÓPf t&[wåzdkvf tbdnmOf þw&m;tm;vHk;udk &Edkifayonf/
vlUbHk vlUb0ü jynfhpHkaom pnf;pdrfOpömrsdK;udkvnf;aumif;? ewfjynfü½Sdaom jynfhpHkrI
aysmf½Tifcsrf;ajrhrI trsdK;rsdK;udkvnf;aumif;? edAÁmefcsrf;omudkvnf;aumif;? xdkowå0gonf
þtusdK;tm;vHk;udk &½SdEdkifayonf[k ck'úygX? ed"du@okwfü Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlonf/
vlaoNyD; vljzpfonfum; tvGefenf;í vlUxuftqifhedrfh owå0gom tjzpfrsm;aMumif; trSm;udk
ñTefjywwfaom rrSefonfudkûyí tm;ay;wdkufwGef;wwfaom rdwfaqGwkudk rSDcdk q&mwkESifhaygif;rd
enf;rSm;vrf;rSm;udk ûyvkyfrdaom olrsm;tzdkU rdrdpdwfxifwdkif; jzpfvdkonfhb0 jzpfcsifonfhtjzpf
taersdK;rjzpfrlí z½dkz&JûyduGJysufpD;vsuf usjcif;udk tjcm;ygVdawmfrsm;pGmü 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH[k Ak'¨jrwfpGm
txyfxyf a[mñTefawmfrlcJhonf/
,if;odkU tqifhedrfh bHkb0wdkUü rnfa½GUrnfrQ rsm;pGmjzpfyHkudk pHxdk;jyawmfrlvdkojzifh ajrrIefUudk
vufonf;ay: wifawmfrlum urÇmajrBuD;onf þvufonf;ay:u ajrrIefUxuf tqaygif;
ra&rwGufEdkifatmif BuD;rm;bd ouJhodkU xdktqifhedrfh bHkb0wdkUü jzpfjcif;onf vlUbHk0,f
vljyefjzpf&jcif;xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm ydkrdkrsm;jym;onf[k Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlavonf/
txufyg oHk;oyfcsufrSm vlwdkU\pdwfç vlwdkU\ um,uH 0pDuH raemuH wdkUudk tajccHí
ur®ed,mr "r®ed,mr obm0usus ecoDcokwfw&m;awmfudk a0zefazmfjyvdkufjcif; jzpf\/ þbk&m;a[m
ygVdawmf ecoDcokwf a'oemawmfESifh OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpfudk ,SOfMunfhvdkufaomtcg ]]rdk;ESifhajrBuD;
vif;uGif;wD;í reD;onfhES,f}}[laompum;uJhodkU bk&m;pum;ESifh OD;Ouú|pum;onf tuGmBuD;
uGmaeaMumif; awGU&ayonf/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g'onf "r®rppf
t"r®omjzpfaMumif; trSwf(2) oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkUu oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
twå0g'kyg'gefESifh vlaovljzpf0g' pdppf oHk;oyfcsuf

54/ ocifjrwfqdkif\ vlaovljzpfjyóempmtkyf? ESm-162? 163 – ü –
]]'DvdkuG udk,fh½kyf udk,fhemrftay:rSm wu,fpGJwJh ½kyfemrfoP²mef t½Sdudk pGJwJh
twå0g'kyg'geftwdkif; vl[m vlyJjzpfw,f? ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH qdkwmu vleJUrqdkifao;bl;?
'gayr,fh um,uH 0pDuH raemuHpwJh udk,f EIwf ESvHk; raumif;wJh ½kyfysufujyefay:vmwJh
blw½kyfqdkawmh ½kyfqdk;jzpfvmr,f}}
[lí OD;Ouú| ajymjycsufudk rSwfwrf;wifcJhonf? þpum;&yfudk pdppf oHk;oyfOD;tHh/
udk,fh½krf udk,fhemrftay:rSm wu,fpGJwJh twå0g'kyg'gefç ½kyfemrfoP²meft&Sdudk pGJwJh
twå0g'kyg'gef [lonfç þXyem pum;&yfü twå0g'kyg'gef [lonf tb,fenf;?

tpodkU
ygVdawmfvmonfhtwdkif; qdk&vQif rdrdoP²mefü½Sdaom ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwdkUudk (yef;yGifh\

ta&miftqif;ESifh arT;êudifaom teHUudk wjcm;pD,lí yef;onf tarT;eHUESifh jynfhpHkonf? yef;onf vSaom
tqif;ESifh jynfhpHkonf[k ajym&müuJhodkU) twå[lí vnf;aumif;? twåudk ½kyf-a0-oOf-oif-0d
½Sdonf[lívnf;aumif;? twåü ½kyf-a0-oOf-oif-0d ½Sdonf[lívnf;aum;if;? ½kyf-a0-oOf-oif-0dü
twå½Sdonf[lívnf;aumif; jrifjcif; oHk;oyfjcif; pGJvrf;jcif;udk twå0g'kyg'gef[k qdk&onf/
xdkwGif rdrd½kyfudkvnf;aumif;? a0-oOf-oif-0d [laom rdrdemrfudkvnf;aumif; twå[lí
pGJ,ljcif;rSm Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif\ wynfhom;rsm;jzpfMuaom bk&m;\tqdktqHk;rudk &½Sdojzifh ½kyf-emrf
tydkif;tjcm;udk uGJuGJjym;jym; em;vnfaeMuaom okw0EÅ t&d,om0ursm;tzdkU ,if;odkU twå0g'kyg'gef
[k ac:qdkEdkifavmufatmif pGJ,ljcif; r½Sdwwfay/ taMumif;rlum; tnwdw¬d, [dE´LjAm[®P polwdkU
,lqaom twåpGJ[lonf xdk½kyf? xdkemrfwdkUudpöudk ½kyfudpö emrfudpö ½kyfoabm emrfoabm[k rxifjrifbJ
twå\udpöç twå\ oabmç twå\vu¨Pmç twå\ tvkyf[k xifjrif,lqaejcif;
jzpfaomaMumifhaywnf;/
,if;twåum; xdk[dE´LjAm[®P polwdkUtvdkt& ysufpD;jcif; r½Sd? tjrJwnfonf? ykwD;ukef;\
twGif;ü êud;\oP²mefuJhodkU jzpf\/ ykwD;vHk;rsm; a½GUvQm;aeaomfvnf; êud;onfra½GUrvsm;
twGif;om;taejzifh wnf½SdouJhodkU cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;azmufjyef a½GUvsm;aeaomfvnf; twåonf
azmufjyefa½GUvsm;jcif; r½SdbJ tjrJwnfaeonf[k qdkMu\/ xdktwå\qdkcJhNyD;aom o½kyf oabm
vu©Pmudk trSef[k pGJpGJjrJjrJ,lqí oGm;wm vmwm twå? odwm jrifwm twå? pm;wm aomufwm twå
ponfjzifh ½kyfemrfy&rwfw&m;wdkU\ udpötrSefudk twåudpöwnf;[k xifjrif,lq pGJvrf;jcif;onfomvsif
twå0g'kyg'gef jzpfonf/
55/ ½kyfemrf t½Sdudk pGJwdkif; twå0g'kyg'gef r[kwfay? ½kyfemrft½Sdudk twå[k pGJvQifjzpfap
½kyfemrfwdkU\udpöudk twå\ udpö[k pGJvQifjzpfap twå0g'kyg'gef jzpfonf/ ½kyfemrft½Sdudkyif om,mzG,f[k
pGJu umrkyg'gef jzpfayonf/
Ak'¨"r® Ak'¨tqHk;trudk rMum;em rrSwfom;zl;ç roif,l ravhvmzl;aom AmvwdkUtzdkU
vlrSef;odonfh tcsdeftcgrSpí xdktwåpGJ ½Sdaewwfonf/ xdkUaMumifh ygVdawmfü ]]okw0g
t&d,om0aum}}[lívnf;aumif;? ]]tokw0g ykxkZÆaem}}[lívnf;aumif; ESpfydkif;ESpfu@ cGJí
a[mawmfrlonf/
,if;odkU yk*¾dKvfESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; ½Sd&mwGif yxrtrsdK;tpm; jzpfaom okw0EÅt&d,om0uwdkU\
oEÅmefü twå0gEkyg'gef[lí r½Sd? t&d,r*fudk r&ao;orQ umrkyg'gefum; tenf;trsm;½dSonf/
xdkumrkyg'gef[lonfum; ig;yg;tm½kH umr*kPfESifhwuG rdrd\ udk,fcE¨m rdrd\ om;r,m; pnf;pdrfOpöm
ta>ct&H bHkAdrmef tdk;tdrfponfwdkUü NidwG,fwyfruf pGJvrf;vsuf½Sdaom qGJwdkif;&onfh oa&êud;yrm
[dkbHk onfbHk [dkb0 onfb0 rdrdjzpf&mXme rdrdqdkif&mydkif&mwdkUü NidwG,f wkyfaESmif

tpodkU
qGJcsdwfvsufaejcif;wnf;/
,if; umrkyg'gefonf &[EÅm rjzpfao;orQ tem*grf wdkifatmif vufvSrf;rDvsuf ½Sdonf/
tem*grfyk*¾dKvfrsm;ü umr&m*[lí r½Sdaomfvnf; b0&m* ½ly&m* t½ly&m* trnfwGifaom
umrkyg'gefum; ½Sdaeao;onf/ ,if;umrkyg'gef ½Sdaeao;orQ b0taESmif tzGJUrS rvGwfao;?
aoNyD;aemuf vlUbHk vlUb0ü rnfonfhtcgrQ jyefí rjzpfawmhacs? jA[®mYjynfü y#doaEäernf
pif;pif;wnf;/
om"uum; -
]]uwarm p yk*¾avm tem*grD? £a"uapöm yk*¾avm yÍöEéH Mo&rÇm*d,meH oHa,mZemeH
y&du©,m Moyygwdaum a[mwd ww¬ y&dedAÁm,D tem0w¬d"ar®m wo®m avmum? t,H 0kpöwd
yk*¾avm tem*grD/ (tbd? 4? 119/)
jrefrmtusOf;
tem*grf yk*¾dKvf[lonf tb,fodkU oabm½Sdaom yk*¾dKvfenf;? þavmuü tcsdKUaom yk*¾dKvfonf
Mo&rÇm*d,oHa&mZOfig;yg; ukefjcif;aMumifh jA[®mhjynfü Oyywfy#doaEäeum xdkjA[®mhjynfrS
rjyefvnfawmhbJ y&dedAÁmef pHawmhrnfholwnf;? þyk*¾dKvfrsdK;udk tem*grf[k ac:qdktyf\/
(yk*¾vynwfygVdawmf? 119-ponf)
&Sif;vif;csuf
Mo&rÇm*d,oHa,mZOf ig;yg;wGif tygt0ifjzpfaom umr&m* oHa,mZOfudk y,fNyD;aomaMumifh
xdkyk*¾dKvfonf vlUjynfü y#doaEäemufxyfraebJ jA[®mhjynfodkUuyfa&mufí y#doaEäeonf/ xdkUaMumifh
udk,fh½kyf udk,fhemrftay:rSm wu,fpGJwJh twå0g'kyg'gefç ½kyf emrft½Sdudk pGJwJh twå0g'kyg'gef[laom
OD;Ouú|\ pum;onf umrk'yg'gef\ oabmo½kyfudkyg twå0g'kyg'gef[k qdkrdacsaomaMumifh y&rw¬
cGifrus? teuf"dyÜm,f rjywfom;? rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfvsuf ½Sdonf/
56/ wpfqifhwufí vl[mvlyJjzpfw,fqdkaom pum;udk qdkjyef\/ þtqdk\ trSm;udk
a½SUem;u qdkcJhNyD;aom ecoDcokwfjzifhyif ½Sif;vif;y,f½Sm;NyD;jzpfonf/ vlaowdkif;vlrjzpf?
tvGef½Sm;½Sm;yg;yg; taMumif;nDEdkifrS vlUbHkodkU jyefí jzpfonf/ odkUygvsuf vlaovljzpf[k qdkjcif;onf
Ak'ä'oemawmf t&yf&yfESifh qefUusifaom tvGefvGJrSm;aom tqdkjzpfonf[k EdkifiHawmftrSwf(2) oD;jcm;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
uHESifhvlrqdkif ½kyfysufESifhqdkifaom vlaovljzpf pdppfcsuf

57/ ]]ukodkvf tukodkvf udpöu oleJUrqdkifao;bl;? 'gayrJh um,uH 0pDuH raemuHpwJh
udk,fEIwfESvHk;? raumif;wJh ½kyfysufu jyefay:vmwJh blw½kyfqdkawmh ½kyfqdk;jzpfvmr,f}} þpum;&yfü
a½SUESifhaemuf txufESifhatmuf 0da&m"djzpfaom pum;vHk;rsm; yg0ifvsuf ½Sdonf/
txufyg OD;Ouú|pum;ü ukodkvf tukodkvfuH qdkonfrSm apwemjzpfaom emrfoabmjzpfí
emrfaMumufaom OD;Ouú|u ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHudk y,fjcif;jzpfonf/ um,uH 0pDuH raemuH[k
OD;Ouú|u qdk&mü ]]raemuH}}[laompum;onf Ak'¨0g't& trsm;em;vnfaom raemuH r[kwf? olu
]]raem}}udk [',0w¬K½kyf[k ,lxm;oljzpfí udk,ftrI EIwftrI ESvHk;om;trIudk OD;Ouú|u um,uH 0pDuH
raemuH[k qdkaejcif; jzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh ]]um,uH 0pDuH raemuHpwJh udk,fEIwfESvHk; raumif;wJh
½kyfysuf}}[laom pum;udk oloHk;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; awGUayonf/
rSefuefaom Ak'¨0g'tm;jzifhrl ukodkvf tukodkvfESifh um,uH 0pDuH raemuH [lonfrSm bmrQ
xljcm;onf r[kwf? trnfuGJaomfvnf; oabmcsif;twlwlyif/ ukodkvfrSm um,uH 0pDuH raemuHoHk;yg;
tukodkvfrSmvnf; ,if; oHk;yg;yif/ odkUjzpfvsuf emrfaMumufaom OD;Ouú|onf ukodkvfuH
tukodkvfuHudkum; uH[krjrif rdk;ay:usuH[kqdkum jAm[®P0g'uH[k wHqdyfwyfvsuf y,fxm;cJhonf/
um,uH 0pDuH raemuH udkom uH[kjrifí vufcHonf/
onfrQruao; Zeuç Oyw¬rÇuç OyyDVuç OyCmwu [laom uHav;rsdK;? 'd|"r®a0'ed,ç
OyyZÆa0'ed,ç ty&my&d,a0'ed,ç ta[moduH [laom uHav;rsdK;? þuHwdkYudkvnf; bk&m;a[mr[kwf?
jAm[®PawG xnfhoGif;xm;onfhuH[k oû*Ø[fq&m t½SiftEk½k'¨gudk vufñdI;aigufaigufxdk;vsuf
oû*Ø[fu jAm[®P0g'udk Ak'¨0g'xJodkU xnfhoGif; vufcHxm;oa,mifqdkum vufrcHbJ y,fonf?
um,uH 0pDuH raemuH oHk;rsdK;udkom Ak'¨0g'uH[lí qdkonf/ taMumif;um; txufü
azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; ZeuuHç 'd|"r®a0'ed,uH ponfwdkUrSm emrfobm0rsm;jzpfí OD;Ouú|u
emrfaMumufaomaMumifh ZGwftwif; jiif;uG,fjcif;ûyonf/ um,uH 0pDuH raemuHürl ]]raem}} udk
[',0w¬K½kyf[k ,lvsuf oHk;rsdK;vHk;udk ½kyfuHvkyfum vufcHjcif; jzpfavonf/ rSm;,Gif;vSaypG/
yxrapm'emü jyqdkcJhonfhtwdkif; OD;Ouú|onf ½kyf0g'DppfppfwpfOD;jzpfí Ak'¨"r®
Ak'ä'oemawmfxJüygaom emrfydkif;qdkif&mudk taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;jyNyD;y,fonf/ ½kyfbufygatmif
qGJí&aom tcsufudk ½kyfbufqGJí vufcHonf/ xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨0g'udk OD;Ouú|u ½kyf0g'jzpfatmif
vkyfaejcif;om jzpfaMumif; txl;owdxm;í Munfhjrifwwf&ef vdktyfvSayonf/
58/ þae&mü Zeu paom uHwdkUudk ½Sif;í jyOD;tHh? xdkuHwdkUonf OD;Ouú| pGyfpGJonfhtwdkif;
t½SiftEk½k'¨g\ vuf&mr[kwf? bk&m;a[m uHrsm;yifjzpfaMumif; trSeftwdkif; od½SdMuap&ef jzpfayonf/
y|mef;ygVdawmf? yO§m0g&? tEkvHk? urÜypö,ü ]]ememu©Pdum ukovm apwem 0dygumeH cE¨meH
u#wåm p ½lygeH ur®ypöa,e ypöa,m}}[lí vnf;aumif;? ]]ememu©Pdum tukovm apwem 0dygumeH

tpodkU
cE¨meH u#wåm p ½lygeH ur®ypöa,e ypöa,m}}[lí vnf;aumif; a[mawmfrlonf/ t"dyÜg,fum; cP

toD;oD;üjzpfaom ukodkvf apwemonf 0dyguf emru©E¨mESifh ur®Z½kyfwdkUtm; ur®owådjzifh
aus;Zl;ûyonf/ xdkYtwl cP toD;oD;üjzpfaom tukodkvf apwemonf 0dygufemru©E¨mESifh
ur®Z½kyfwdkUtm; ur®ypö,owådjzifh aus;Zl;ûyonf/
þuHum; þy|mef;ygVdawmfü azmfjyaom ZeuuHaywnf;/ ZeuuH[lonfrSm tyif toD;
t½Gufudk jzpfapwwfaom rsdK;aphuJhodkU 0dygufemru©E¨m u#wåm½kyfudk jzpfapwwfaom apwemyifwnf;/
xdkapwemjzifh udk,fxdvufa&muf aumif;onfhtrIudkûyvQif ol\oEÅmefü ukodkvf um,uH jzpfonf/
raumif;aom pum;udk a½SmifMuOfí pmayy&d,wf oiftHavhusufjcif;ç csydkUjcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif;
tusdK;½Sdaom teuft"dyÜg,fwdkYudk qHk;roGefoifjcif; ponfjzifh aumif;aom pum;udk ajymqdkvQif
ol\oEÅmefü ukodkvf0pDuH jzpfonf/ udk,fEIwfwdkUjzifh ûyvkyfajymqdkjcif; r½SdbJ pdwftwGif;rSmyif aumif;rI
aumif;&mawGudk awG;MuHpOf;pm; yGm;rsm;aeaomoltm; ukodkvfraemuH jzpfonf/
,if;um,uH 0pDuH raemuH ukodkvfonf aumif;aom bHkXmeü Munfvifaom pdwf apwodwf
emru©E¨mç Munfvifaom ½kyfwnf;[laom tusdK;w&m;wdkUudk ememu©Pduur®owådjzifh
aus;Zl;ûyvdkufonf/ xdkenf;twdkif; raumif;aom apwemjzifh udk,frI EIwfrI pdwfrIudk ûyaomoltm;
raumif;aom um,uH 0pDuH raemuH jzpfonf/ ,if;uHonf tukodkvfuHyifwnf;/ ,if;tukodkvfu
raumif;aomjzpf&m bHkXme raumif;aom tajctaeü rMunfvif roefU½Sif;aom pdwf apwodwf
emrfcE¨mrsm;ESifh raumif;aom ½kyfcE¨mrsm;udk ememu©Pduur®owådjzifh aus;Zl;ûyonf/ þum;
y|mef;a'oem\ t"dyÜg,faywnf;/
þodkUvQif um,uH 0pDuH raemuHESifh ukodkvf tukodkvfuHwdkUonf bk&m;a[m uHrsm;jzpfNyD;
ruGJrjym; wpfom;wnf;jzpfygvsuf ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwdkUudk jAm[®PwdkY\ rdk;ay:usuH[k orkwfí
um,uH 0pDuH raemuHudkom vufcHtodtrSwfûyjcif;onf xl;axGonf[lí qdkzG,frvdkacs?
½kyf0g'orm;yDyD ½kyfudkom ta&;ay;jcif; jzpfayonf/
59/ Oyw¬rÇuuH OyyDVuuHudk ½Sif;OD;tHh? þuHESpfrsdK;ESifh ywfoufí tbd"r®m0dbif;
ygVdawmfBuD;ü þodkUa[mawmfrlxm;\/
(u) taw¬upömed ygyumed ur®orm'gemed 0wdorÜwåd ywdAmVmed e 0dypöEÅd?
(c) . . . . . . . OywdorÜwåd ywdAmVmed . . . . . . . .
(*) . . . . . . .umvorÜwåd ywdAmVmed . . . . . . . .
(C) . . . . . . ya,m*orÜwåd ywdAmVmed e 0dypöEÅd/ (tbd? 2? 380/)
(tbd"r®m0dbif; ygVdawmf)

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
(u) aumif;aom b0[laom *wdorÜwåd\ tumtuG,fay;jcif;cH&vQif raumif;rI[laom
tukodkvfuHwdkUonf raumif;usdK; ray;Edkifukef/
(c) acsmarm vSywifhw,fjcif;ç ½kyfqif;Mueftif vu©PmjynfhpHk wifhw,fjcif; [laom
OywdorÜwåd\ tumtuG,fay;jcif;cH&vQif . . . . .
(*) acwfaumif; tcgaumif;[laom umvorÜwåd\ tumtuG,fay;jcif; cH&vQif . . . .
(C) ypöu©b0ü avmavmq,ftm;jzifh aumif;&mvkyfç aumif;&majymç aumif;&mawG;jcif;
[laom ya,m*orÜwåd\ tumtuG,f ay;jcif;cH&vQif raumif;rI tukodkvfuHwdkUonf
raumif;usdK; ray;Edkifukef/
xdkenf;twdkif; -
*wd0dywåð tm*r®ç Oy"d0dywåð tm*r®ç umv0dywåð tm*r®ç ya,m*0dywåð tm*r® raumif;aom
jzpf&mbHkXme b0wdkUESifh awGUêuHvQif t½kyfqdk; tusnf;wef t*FgajcvufrpHk acgif;ao;udk,fBuD;
udk,fao;acgif;BuD; ykvGef; ½SnfvGef; ponfjzifh nHhzsif;vGef;vQif/ y/ rdk;rrSef avrrSef &moDysuf Owkysuf
acwfqdk; acwfysufpaom umv0dywådESifh awGUêuHae&vQif/ y/ tûyrSm; tajymrSm; nHhzsif;aom
pdwfaepdwfxm; rSm;,Gif;aom raemuHpaom ya,mu0dywådESifh awGUêuHae&vQif tukodkvfuHwdkUonf
xdxdcdkufcdkuf tusdK;ay;ukef\ [lí ygVdawmfü qufvufí a[mawmfrlonf/
60/ þygVdawmf ESpf&yfudk aumufcsufcs qifjcifvQif tukodkvfuHonf avsmfaom tjcHt&H
taMumif;udk&aomtcg raumif;usdK;ay;\/ qefUusifbuf taMumif;ESifhawGUaomtcg tusdK;ray;ay?
tukodkvfuHtm; tusdK;ay;zdkU&ef avsmfuef oifhjrwfpGm ulnDaxmufyHhwwfaom
,if;tjcHt&HtaMumif;onf Oyw¬rÇuuH½SdaMumif; oufaoom"uyif jzpf\/ tukodkvf
tusdK;ray;Edkifatmif qefUusifESdyfpufaom uHonf OyyDVuuH rnf\/
ukodkvfuH bufüvnf; xdkenf;twdkif; xdk0dbif;ygVdawmfüyif jynfhpHkpGm a[mxm;awmfrlonf/
t"dyÜg,frSm aumif;aom ukodkvfuHonf umvorÜwåd *wdorÜwåd ya,m*orÜwåd Oy"dorÜwåd[laom
oifhavsmfaumif;jrwfaom tjcHt&HtaMumif;udk&vQif tusdK;ay;í xdkuJhodkUoifhavsmf aumif;jrwfaom
tjcHt&HtaMumif;rsdK;udk r&cJhvQif aumif;usdK;ray;ay/ þygVdawmfüvmaom ukodkvfuHtm;
tusdK;ay;zdkU&ef taxmuftulûywwfaom oifhavsmfaumif;jrwfaom tjcHt&HtaMumif;aMumif;onf
Oyw¬rÇuuHrnf\? taESmuft,Suf qefUusifbuf ûywwfaom taMumif;udk OyyDVuuH[k ac:\/
61/ OyCmwuuH [lonfum; owå0gwpfOD;wpfa,muf tm;xkwfûyvkyfcJhNyD;aom
ukodkvfuHudkjzpfapç tukodkvfuHudkjzpfap tusdK;ray;Edkifavmufatmif tpGrf;ukefvufpowf
uyfíjzwfwwfaom uHrsdK;wnf;/ t*Fkvdrmv rax&ftavmif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh rawGU&rD
awmykef;cdk;olBuD;tjzpfjzifh toufaygif;rsm;pGmudk owfjzwfcJhonf/ xdkygPmwdygwuHonf

tpodkU
vuf½Sdb0üvnf; tusdK;ay;Edkifonf/ ,ckb0ü tusdK;ay;cGifhr&cJhaomf 'kwd,b0üaomfvnf;aumif;?

wwd,b0rS pí oifhavsmfaomb0wpfauGUwGifaomf vnf;aumif; tusdK;ay;Edkifonfhowåd {uef½Sdonf/
odkU&mwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifhawGUí w&m;emNyD;onf\tqHk;ü oDvudkaqmufwnfí bk&m;½Sif
ay;oem;awmfrlaomenf;t& 0dyóemÓPfjzifh tm;xkwfvdkufaomtcg t&[wåzdkvfudk
rsufarSmufûyEdkifaom tqifhodkU a&mufoGm;avonf/ xdktcg olûycJhaom tukodkvfuHwdkU\ owådonf
,if;xuf tvGeftm;BuD;aom t&[wår*fuH\ owådu uyfí jzwfvdkufojzifh aemufb0ü
tusdK;ay;Edkifaom tcGifhta&;r&½Sdawmhay/ &[EÅmjzpfjcif;aMumifh aemufb0[líyif rjzpfawmhay/
xdkUaMumifh aemufaemufb0ü tusdK;ray;Edkifawmhjcif; jzpfayonf/
odkU&mwGif y#doaEüsdK; ray;apumrl y0wådusdK;ay;aomtm;jzifh t*Fkvdrmvax&f ½GmwGif;odkU
qGrf;cH0ifaomtcg wkwf vSifwef cJausmuf tp½Sdaom vufeufrsdK;pHkwdkUonf tjcm;t&m0w¬Kudk
&nf½G,fí ypfvTifhtyfaomfvnf; t½Sift*Fkvdrmvax&f\ udk,fay:odkUom usa&mufvsuf ½Sdukef\/
vuf½Hk; vufarmif; ajc tp½Sdaom t*FgBuD;i,fwdkUESifh OD;acgif;ygrusef 'Pf&m&½Sdvsuf ,dkpD;aom
aoG;jzifh qGrf;cHjyefa&mufvmí bk&m;½SifxHawmfodkU csOf;uyfawmfrl&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u -
]]t"d0gao[d wGH jAm[®P? ,ó acg wGH jAm[®P ur®ó 0dygaue A[led 0ómed
A[led 0óowmed A[led 0óo[ómed A[led 0óowo[ómed ed&a, yapö,smod/ wó
wGH jAm[®P ur®ó 0dyguH 'da|0"ar® y#doHa0a'od}} (r? 2? 207/)
t*Fkvdrmv. . . onf;cHavmh? oifonf tMuifuH\ tusdK;quftm;jzifh ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmç
ESpf&maygif;rsm;pGmç ESpfaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmç ESpfodef;aygif;rsm;pGm i&Jü cH&&m\/ xdkuH\ tusdK;udk oifonf
,ckrsufarSmufb0üyif cHpm;í ae&acsNyD[k rdefUawmfrl\/ (rZÑdryPÖmo? t*Fkvdrmvokwf)
62/ þygVdawmfü ESpfodef;aygif; ajrmufrsm;pGmwdkifatmif i&Jü uscHaprnfh uH\ tusdK;udk
þb0ü rsufarSmufûytyfaom t&[wår*f ur®owådu y,f½Sm;wm;jrpfvdkufojzifh vlaygif;rsm;pGmudk
owfjzwfcJhpOfu jzpfcJhaom ygPmwdygw apwemuHonf tusdK;ay;apwwfaom owåduif;jywfvsuf
oGm;awmhonf/ þü r*fapwemonf OyCmwuuH rnf\/
xdkenf;twdkif;yif ½Sifa'0'wfonf ,ckb0ü jrwfaom&[ef;tjzpfudk &í jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
rjzpfrSm;rD oDvu©EËSifh jynfhpHkjcif;ç wefcdk; tbdnmOfESifh jynfhpHkonftxd orm"du©Eüdk &½Sdjcif;[laom
þapwemuHwdkUonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ajcrawmfü aoG;pdrf;½Sif½Sif wnfapavmufatmif
avm[dwkyÜg'uuHudk ûyrdvdkufonfhtcgrSpí tusdK;ay;Edkifaomowåd uif;jywfí oGm;avawmh\/
þae&mü avm[dwkyÜg'uuHonf oDvu©E¨ orm"du©E¨jznfhusifhcJhaom apwemuHudk uyfí
jzwfvdkufaomaMumifh OyCmwuuHrnf\/ þum; ygVdawmfwdkUüvmaom Ak'¨bmodw bk&m;a[m
uHav;rsdK;aywnf;/

tpodkU
xdkuHav;rsdK;\ tusOf;csKyft"dyÜg,frSm ZeuuHonf rsdK;aphESifhwlonf? OyxrÇuuHonf

a&avmif;jcif;ç aygif;oifjcif;ç ajrMoZmauR;jcif;ESifh wlonf? OyyDVuuHonf ydkxdk;jcif;ç zvHjzLem
usa&mufjcif;ESifh wlonf? OyCmwuuHum; xdkrsdK;aphudk tyifraygufEdkifavmufatmif
Budwfacsypfjcif;ESifhwlonf[k rSwf,l&m\/ OD;Ouú|onf bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk rawGUrjrifí
aomfvnf;aumif;ç awGUjrifvsuf ½kyf0g' vTrf;rdk;cH&rIaMumifhaomfvnf;aumif; rsufuG,fûyum
xdkuHtm;vHk;udk jAm[®P0g'[k taMumif;rJhpGyfpGJNyD; y,frdavonf/ trSefpifppf vlaovljzpfudk
t[kwfxifMuavatmif uHwHwdkif;BuD;udk csdK;zsuf&ef êud;pm;jcif;rQom jzpfayonf/
63/ ]]'gayr,fh um,uHç 0pDuHç raemuHpaom udk,fEIwfESvHk; raumif;wJh ½kyfysufu
jyefay:vmwJh blw½kyfqdkawmh ½kyfqdk;jzpfvmr,f? qdkygawmhuGm-ajcwdkcsif wdkr,f? vufrygcsif rygbl;?
raemuH MuyfMuyfqdk;wJh ½kyfusawmh tusnf;wefwJh ½kyfqdk; ½kyf0g;rsdK;ayghuGm? 'D qdk;vmwJh ½kyfysufu
jyefaygif;pyfwJh ½kyfopfrSef&if rsufpdvnf; cRwf,Gif;r,f? yg;pyfjyJ rsufjyL;&if jzpfr,f? acgif;&ifBuD;r,f?
udk,fwGif;u toJwdkU ESvHk;wdkUyg nHhzsif;vm&if toufygwdkr,f}} þOD;Ouú|\ pum;rsm;udk oHk;oyfaomf
um,uHç 0pDuHç raemuHpaom udk,fEIwfESvHk; raumif;wJh½kyfysufu jyefay:vmwJh blw½kyf[laom
pum;onf tajccHrSpí vGJrSm;aeonf/ þb0ü um,uHç 0pDuHç raemuHaMumifh jzpfay:onfh½kyfonf
þb0rSmyif vufpwHk; ukefqHk;aysmufysufNyD; jzpfonf/ b,fb0odkUrQ rajymif;? b,fb0rSmrQ
jyefrac:acs/ ½kyfysufu jzpfay:vmwJh blw½kyf[lí ½kyfrS ½kyfodkU ajymif;vJ jzpfay:vmjcif;udkom qdkí
wu,fhtaMumif;t&if;jzpfaom twdwfuHudk wrifoufouf odk0Sufíxm;onf/ ½kyfysufu
jyefaygif;pyfwJh ½kyfopfrSef&if[laom pum;udk owdxm;&rnf/ OD;Ouú|onf ½kyfudk t½Sdw&m; edpöxm0&[k
,lqxm;oljzpfí raumif;aom ½kyfysuf½kyfnHhawGu aoNyD;aemufb0ü jyefaygif;rdaomtcg vl\udk,frSm
rsufpdysufjcif; ponfjzifh rvSryjzpfonf[k qdkvdkayonf/ OD;Ouú|0g'wGif ur®H oawå 0dbZÆwd-
owå0gawGudk uHua0zefonf[k r½Sday? owå0gwdkUudk ½kyfuom a0zefonf[k qdkvdkonf/
64/ arG;uwnf;u usdK;vmç uef;vmaomol? ajcwdk? vufwdk? rsufjyJç yg;pyfjyJponf
½kyfysufqif;ysuf arG;zGm;vmol owå0g\ ur®Z½kyftm; rnfonfh ½kyfysufurQ taMumif;ûyonf r[kwf?
pifppfrSm twdwfb0u xdkxdktcsdefumvwdkUwGif udk,fwdkifûyvkyfcJhNyD;aom tukodkvfuHuom
tusdK;ay;onf/
xdkUaMumifh y|mef;ypö,eda'ó ur®ypönf;ü ]]ukovmukovH ur®H 0dygumeH cE¨meH u#wåm p
½lygeH ur®ypöa,e ypöa,m}}[lí vnf;aumif; (ESm-7)/ yO§m0g& ukovw¬du "r®mEkavmr ygVdawmfü
tukoave tAsmuw0g&wGif ]]ememu©Pdum tukovm apwem 0dygumeH cE¨meH u#wåm p ½lygeH
ur®ypöa,e ypöa,m}}[lívnf;aumif; a[mawmfrlonf/ (ESm-154)

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
twdwfjzpfaom ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHonf ukov0dyguf? tukov0dyguf y#doaE¨
emru©E¨mESifh ur®Z½kyfwdkUtm; ememu©Pdu ur®owådjzifh taMumif;ûyonf/ txl;xl;aom cPüjzpfaom
tukodkvfapwemonf tukov0dyguf emru©E¨mtm;vnf;aumif; (qdk;0g;½kyfnHhaomç azmufjyef
cRwf,Gif;aomç ½kyfqdk; ½kyfysufjzpfaom) ur®Z½kyfwdkUtm;vnf;aumif; ememu©Pdu ur®owådjzifh
taMumif;ûyayonf/
þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfjrwfonf oAÁñkwÓPfawmfjzifh twdtusydkif;jcm;í
a[mawmfrltyfaom a'oem om"uaywnf;/
65/ rZÑdredum,f? Oy&dyPÖmou? plVur®0db*Fokwf? 244? 245-üvnf;
a'goAsmyg'BuD;aomolç tenf;i,frQ ajymqdk½Hkjzifh a'gocufxef trsufrmefBuD;í udk,fEIwfwdkUjzifh
xdyg;ykwfcwf owfjzwfrIudk ûyvkyfwwfaomolonf aoNyD;aemuf tyg,fi&JodkU usa&mufwwfonf/
tu,fí vlUb0a&mufvmcJhvQif jzpf&mb0ü t½kyfqdk;onf? toufwdkonf ponfjzifh a[mawmfrlonf/
trsufxGufavh½Sdjcif;ç yifyef;rIrsm;jcif;ç rESpfoufzG,f tenf;i,frQ ajymvmonf½Sdaomf
tvGefuyfNidjcif;ç azmufjyefjcif;ç a½S;½Iwnfjcif;ç a'gotrsuf rESpfoufjcif;udk xifpGmjyjcif;onf
t½kyfqdk;jcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom tusifhwnf;/ olUtoufudk owfavh½Sdjcif;ç Murf;êuwf&ufpufjcif;ç
aoG;pGef;aomvuf½Sdjcif;ç n§Of;qJowfjzwfrIü ouf0ifjcif;ç owå0gwdkUtay:ü oem;jcif;odkU
ra&mufjcif;onf toufwdkapwwfaom tusifhwnf;/ (tusOf;csHK;í jrefrmjyefqdkcsuf)
txufyg ygVdawmfrsm;u toufwdkjcif; tp½Sdaom tusdK;w&m;rsm;onf ½kyfqdk;½kyfysufu
jzpfaptyfaom tusdK;w&m;rsm;r[kwf? twdwfb0 ypöKyÜefb0wdkUü rSm;,Gif;azmufjyef rrSefaom
ûyrlvkyfaqmifcsuf wnf;[laom uHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;w&m;rsm;om rkcspifppfjzpfaMumif;
azmfjyavonf/
66/ xdkUjyif OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG aemufvdkuf wynfhom;wdkUu bk&m;a[mr[kwf? aemufrS
vkyfMuHzefwD;xm;aom uHrsm;jzpfonf[kqdkaom 'd|"r®a0'eduuH tp½Sdaom uHav;yg;wdkUudk
bk&m;a[mjzpfaMumif; tenf;i,frQ xkwfjyayOD;tHh/
]],H bdu©a0 avmuyuuH ur®H avmbZH avmbed'geH avmbork',H? ,w¬ó
twåbma0g edAÁwåwd? ww¬ wH ur®H 0dypöwd? ,w¬ wH ur®H 0dypöwd? ww¬ wó ur®ó 0dyguH
y#doHa0a'wd 'da| 0g "ar® OyyZÆ 0g tya& 0g y&d,ma,}} (tH?1?134/ 2) ponf-
(wdu t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? ed'geokwf)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU . . . avmbjzifh ûytyfaomç avmbonf jzpfaptyfaomç avmbvQif taMumif;½Sdaom
uHonf twåabmjzpf&mbHkXmeü tusdK;udk &ifhusufap\? tusdK;udk &ifhusufap&m xdkbHkXmeü

tpodkU
,ckb0twGif;yif jzpfapç wrvGefb0odkU uyfa&mufí jzpfapç wwd,b0rSpí wpfpHkwpfckaom

tvSnfhtBudrfüjzpfap xdkuHûyaom owå0gonf uH\tusdK;udk cHpm;&ayonf/
Oy&dyPÖmo ygVdawmf? r[mur®0db*Fokwfüvnf;-
]]ykaAÁ 0gó wH uwH a[mwd ygyur®H 'ku©a0'ed, ypäm 0gó wH uwH a[mwd
ygyur®H 'ku©a0'ed,H? r&Pumav 0gó a[mwd rdpäm'd|dorwåm orm'dEé? awe aom
um,ó ab'g y&r®&Pm tyg,H 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆwd? ,Íö aom £" ygPmwdygwD
a[mwd/ y/ rdpäm'd|d a[mwd/ wó 'da|0 "ar® 0dyguH y#doHa0a'wd OyyZÆ 0g tya&0g
y&d,ma,}} (r? 1? 257) -
ponfjzifh a[mawmfrlonf/
jrefrmjyef
xdkowå0gonf a½SUtzdkUüaomfvnf;aumif;? aemuftzdkUüaomfvnf;aumif; qif;&JpGm
tusdK;cHpm;ap&rnfh tukodkvfuHudk ûycJhonf/ odkUwnf;r[kwf xdkowå0gonf aocgeD;umvüaomfvnf;
rdpämt,ludk jynfhpHkpGm ,lcJhonf/ xdkUaMumifh xdkowå0gonf aovGefaomtcg i&JodkUusa&mufonf/
þavmuü xdkowå0gonf olUtoufudkowfjcif;ç olUOpömudk cdk;jcif;/ y/ rdpämt,l½Sdjcif;[laom
'kpö&dwuH\ tusdK;udk ,ckb0ü jzpfap? wrvGefb0odkU uyfa&mufíjzpfap? wwd,b0rS pí
wpfpHkwpfckaom tvSnfhtBudrfüjzpfap cHpm;&ayonf/
67/ þygVdawmfrsm;udk axmufxm;í OD;Ouú|u ol\vlaovljzpf pmtkyf pmrsufESm 52-ü
]]Ak'¨\ ur®0g'tvdktm;jzifh qdk&aomf ,ckpm;vdkufaom i½kwfoD;onf ,ckyifpyf&rnf? tdrfa&mufrS
pyfrnf[lí iHhí vifhí ae½dk;r½Sd}}[k qdkaom pum;onfvnf;aumif; ocifjrwfqdkif\ vlaovljzpfjyóem
ESm-158-9-ü ]]tEdkU-'Db0 aumif;pm;csrf;omaewmawG[m a½S;b0u y&Hy&b0gb0u
ukodkvfr[kwf&bl;aygh? [-'gu b,fa½S;u uHrS r[kwfbl;? ckb0 vdrfvnfaoG;pkwf
tjrwfxkwfvdkU&ifvnf; jzpf&r,f? udk,f EIwf ESvHk; oHk;yg;vHk;u olUtajctaeeJY tqifajyatmif
aumif;atmif rSefatmif vkyfEdkifvdkU&ifvnf; jzpf&r,f/ 'Dypöu© tvkyf&JU aus;Zl;oufoufyJ/ ,ckb0
csrf;omwm [dk;a½S;a½S;ukodkvfuHaMumifhvdkUrsm; ,Hkvdkuf&if tJ'gudk bk&m;u ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dvdkU
qdkxm;wm½Sdw,f/ bk&m;tvdkawmh t"r®wJh? w&m;r[kwfvdkU qdkwmyJ}}[k qdkaompum;onfvnf;aumif;?
¤if;pmtkyf ESm-191-2-ü ]]at;-bmoma&;q&mawG ajymovdk vlUtjzpf vlUb0&if;pm; jyef&zdkUawmif
b,favmufcJ,Of;ovJç b,ftusifhoDv ½SdrSav;ç b,f'geygrS qdkwmrsdK;awG rif;u,Hkcsifao;ovm;uG?
'gawGu pm;vrf;yJ}}[k qdkaompum;onfvnf;aumif;? Ak'¨\ ur®0g' vHk;0r[kwf/ bk&m;tvdk
tenf;i,frQryg/ OD;Ouú|\ ur®0g' OD;Ouú|\ tvdkomjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;odomEdkifayNyD/ trSefpifppf
½kyf0g'udkrSDí azmfjyyg Ak'ÿgVdawmfrsm;udk awmfvSefaom? Ak'¨0g'ESifh ajzmifhajzmifhqefUusifbufjzpfaom
rdpäm0g' t"r®omjzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
OD;Ouú|onf rdrd\ 0g'udk owåd½Sd½Sd ajymifajymif½Sif;½Sif; ra&;rajymbJ ]]Ak'¨}}udk tuG,ftum

,lvsuf bk&m;udk a½SUwef;wifí bk&m;w&m;udkyif jyefvnfzsufqD;aeol jzpfaomaMumifh ,ckvdk
0d0g'g"du½kPf;rsm; ay:aygufNyD; omoemawmftwGif;ü ½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG; êuHae&jcif; jzpfayonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dESifh ywfoufí apm'emvTm trSwf (4)ü tus,foHk;oyfí
qHk;jzwfMuukeftHh/
]*EÄÁ}taMumif; oHk;oyfcsuf
68/ y#doaEäejcif;ESifh ywfoufí rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf? r[mwPSmocF,okwfü
y#doaE¨wnfaejcif;\ taMumif;oHk;yg;udk jy&mwGif-
1/ rdbavmif;ESpfOD; qHkqnf;jcif;ç
2/ rdcifavmif; OwkvmNyD;p jzpfjcif;ç
3/ y#doaEäernfh owå0gu a½S;½IwnfcdkufêuHjcif; [laom
taMumif; 3-csufwdkUwGif eHygwf 3-taMumif;wGif *EÄÁo'´gjzifh a[mawmfrlxm;onf/ *EäAÁmwd
wêwy*oawåm [laom t|uxmESifh tnD trd0rf;wdkufodkU uyfa&mufxdkufaom pkawumeD;
owå0gudkom *EÄÁt& ,lrnfjzpfaMumif; apm'uwdkUu wifjyMuonf/
OD;Ouú|url vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh udkufnDatmif MuHaqmifvsuf ]]*EÄÁ}}udk vlaocgeD;
ESmacgif;rSxGufvmaom Oo®m"mwfysuf 0ga,m"mwfjzpfaMumif; aumuf,lNyD; xdk*EÄÁ"mwfonf
avxJüysHUvGifhaeNyD; oaE¨,lrnfh vlom;\ESmacgif;xJ0ifum okwfaoG;awGjzpfNyD; vlom;oaE¨&onf[k
awmfawmfav; MuHMuHzefzef tuGufqifxm;ayonf/
xdk*EÄÁESifhywfoufí pdppfoHk;oyfMuukeftHh? ]]*EäAÁm}}[laomyk'fudk o'´genf;tm;jzifh
("mwkypö,0dbm*) "mwfypönf;cGJa0jcif;udk a½S;OD;pGm ûy&aomf *EäAÁmü *rk"mwf+wAÁypönf; jzpf\/ *rk-
oyÜ p *wdrSd[laom "mwfusrf;rsm;t& *rk"mwfonf oGm;jcif; uyfa&mufjcif;teufudk a[monf/
wAÁypönf;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh abmuH teufwdkUü a[m½dk;½Sdaomfvnf; tyÜutm;jzifh
uwåm;teufudkvnf; a[m\/ ]]udpövsL#mA[kvH}}[laom ygPDedo'´gokwf 3-3-113 udk &nfñTef;í
]]þ'domeH [d y'geH A[kvm uwåKom"eH o'´0d'l rnEÅd}}[k rlvyPÖmo oAÁmo0okwf #Dumü qdk\/
A[kvo'´gaMumifh þodkUaomyk'frsm;\ uwåm;teufü NyD;pD;jcif;udk o'´gq&mrsm; tvdk½SdMuonf[k
qdkjcif; jzpf\/ þü wAÁypönf;onf uwåm;a[mjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh *päwDwd *EäAÁm[k 0dû*dvfûy&rnf/
*päwd-trd0rf;wdkufodkU oGm;a&mufqJ (0g) oGm;a&mufxdkufonf ,ckyifoGm;a&mufawmhrnf? £wd wo®m?
xdkUaMumifh/ *EäAÁm? *EÄÁrnf\/ a'g"ópokwft& wAÁypönf;\ wudk "ûyxm;onf/ xdkUaMumifh
t|uxmq&m zGifhxm;onfhtwdkif; trd0rf;wdkufodkU uyfa&mufwwfaom (0g)
uyfa&mufrnfhqJqJjzpfaom owå0gudk ]]*EÄÁ}} t& aumuf,l&rnf/

tpodkU
,if;odkUqdkvQif rdbavmif;ESpfOD; qHkqnf;jcif;ç rdcifavmif; OwkvmNyD;pjzpfjcif;ç y#doaEäernfh

owå0gu a½S;½Iwnfvmjcif; [laom t*FgoHk;&yfonf r[mwPSmocF,okwfygVdawmf? t|uxm #Dum
tpOftvm,lenf;t& tvGef,kwåd½Sdaom teuft"dyÜg,f jzpfayonf/
69/ xdk*EÄÁ [laom yk'fESifh pyfvsOf;í ajrmufydkif; Ak'¨bmomusrf;rsm;u rnfodkUqdkoenf;[k
Munfh½IoHk;oyfaomf q&mto*Fa&;onfh tbd"r®orkpö,rnfaom tbd"r®musrf;? opöy&dapä'tcef;ü
vnf;aumif;? q&mto*F\ nDawmfjzpfol q&m0okAE¨K a&;ûyaom tbd"r®aumo rnfaom
tbd"r®musrf; tcef;-3? *gxmeHygwf 14-ü vnf;aumif; atmufygtwdkif; qdkxm;onf/
umrbHküvnf;aumif;? ½lybHküvnf;aumif; y#doaE¨ aernfhqJqJjzpfaom owå0g? t½lybHkrS

pkawqJjzpfaom owå0grsm;tm; b0ESpfckMum; oD;oefUb0wpfck½Sdonf/ xdkb0üwnfaom
owå0grsm;onf Mum;umvü ckESpf&ufwdkifwdkif wnfaeí a½GUavsmonf/
xdkowå0gonf ½kyfcE¨mryg? pdwfcsnf;oufouf jzpfonf? teHUudkpm;vsufaeonf/

(tbd"r®orkpö,? opöy&dapä')
jrefrmjyef
xdkMum;b0ü wnfaom owå0gonf Zmwfwljzpfaom owå0gwdkU\ oefU½Sif;aom
ewfrsufpdjzifhom jrifEdkifonf? ur®Zd'¨dwefcdk;t[kef ½Sdonf/ rsufpd-em;-ESm-vQm-udk,f [laom yom'
tpHk½Sdonf/ tydwftyif twm;tqD; r½Sd? rnfolurQ rwm;qD;Edkif? teHU(0g) avudkom pm;onf/
(tbd"r®aumo) þajrmufydkif;usrf;tvdk *EÄÁ[laom yk'fudk ]]*E¨Ht&f 0wd cg'wDwd *EäAÁm}}[k
tbd"r®aumo\ tzGifhAsmcsmjzpfaom qæK#m&fxü qdk\/ *E¨H? teHUudk/ (0g) avudk/ t&f0wD cg'wd?
pm;wwf\? £wd wo®m? xdkUaMumifh/ aom? xdkowå0gonf/ *EäAÁm? *EÄÁrnf\/ xdkajrmufydkif;usrf;q&m
to*F polwdkU\ tvdktm;jzifh *EÄÁonf Mum;cHb0jzpfaom pdwfcsnf;oufouf½Sdaom owå0g[k
odtyfayonf/
70/ OD;Ouú|onf *EÄÁudk vlaocgeD; ESmacgif;rSxGufaom Oo®m"mwfysuf 0ga,m"mwf[k
,lqNyD; xdk*EÄÁ"mwfonf aemufy#doaEäezdkY vlwpfOD;OD;\ ESmacgif;xJ jyef0ifNyD; okwfaoG;oaE¨rjzpfcif
avxJü ysHUvGifhaeonf[k ,lqojzifh Mum;cHb0 (tEÅ&mb0) xm;½SdaMumif; od&onf/ odkU&mwGif
tpodkU
ajrmufydkif;q&mrsm;u pdwfudk *EÄÁ[k qdkonf? OD;Ouú|u ½kyfudk*EÄÁ[k qdkonf/ xdkUaMumifh Mum;cHb0

xm;Mujcif; wlaomfvnf; aumuf,lyHkjcif; uGJonf/ ajrmufydkif;q&mwdkUu emrf0g'Drsm;jzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|u
½kyf0g'DjzpfaMumif;od&ayonf/
odkU&mwGif ajrmufydkif;q&mwdkUxuf OD;Ouú|\ xljcm;aom ûyrlcsufrSm ax&0g'
Ak'ÿd#uwfawmfrsm;udk zsufqD;NyD; ol\ ½kyf0g'abmifxJ0ifatmif oGwfoGif;jcif;yif jzpfonf/ xdktcsufudk
xif&Sm;ap&ef azmfjytHh/
]]um,Íö y#dpö azm|aAÁ p OyÜZÆwd um,0dnmPH}} (r?1?326/) [laom rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf?
r[mwPSmocF,okwf ESm 326-ü vmaom ygVdawmfudk azmufvGJazmufjyef teuforÁmefí ygVdtbd"r®m
ordkif;wGif b,fwkef;urQ rnfonfht|uxm-#Dumq&murQ rzGifhbl;aom teufudk
þodkUzGifhqdkavonf/
um,Íö? yk&doADZ½kyf tzdk\ okwfaoG;ü yg½Sdaom um,yom'½kyfudk vnf;aumif;? azm|aAÁ p?
£w¬dADZ½kyf tr\okwfaoG;ü yg½Sdaom azm|AÁ½kyfwdkUudkvnf;aumif;/ y#dpö? trSDo[J tpGJûyí/
um,0dnmPH? y#doaE¨0dnmPf emrf\ rsdK;aphonf/ OyÜZÆwd? jzpf\/ þygVdawmft& y#doaE¨0dnmPf
qdkonfum; tjcm;r[kwf? um,0dnmPfom jzpf\[k oHo,uif;pGm rSwf,lukef&m\ [lí OD;Ouú|onf
ol\ Ak'¨tbd"r®mpmtkyf 134-135 ü ajymifajymifwif;wif; a&;om;cJhonf/
qufvufí ]]xdkrSwpfyg; y#doaE¨cPü um,-bm0-0w¬K[laom ½kyfuvmyf oHk;pnf;om
jzpfonf [laom tbd"r®musrf;*efrsm;\ tqdkudk axmufívnf; tjcm;aom 0dnmP"mwfrsm;
jzpfxGef;ay:ayguf&eftaMumif; rvHkavmufao;aMumif; ydkrdkxif½Sm;acsonf}}[k uGefUvdkufao;\/
olqdkvdkonfrSm y#doaE¨tcgrSm um,0dnmPfom jzpfonf[lvdk/
ax&0g' Ak'¨tbd"r®mordkif;ü y#doaE¨tcgwGif y#doaE¨pdwf 19-ck rSwpfyg;
rnfonfhyÍö0dnmPf0dygufpdwfrsm;rS jzpfonf[k r½Sdbl;acs/ y|mef;ygVdawmfESifhwuG oH*g,em
ajcmufwefwifonfh ygVdawmf t|uxm #DumwdkUürQ y#doaEäeaom pdwfonf um,0dnmPfpdwf[lí
a[mMum;zGifhqdkcsuf r½Sdacs? r½Sdaom t&mjzpfí ra[mjcif;ç rzGifhjcif; jzpfayonf/ vuf½Sdax&0g'
yd#uwfusrf;pmrsm;tjyif tbd"r®ç aumoç tbd"r®orkpö,ynwåd rwåwmod'¨dp½Sdaom
ajrmufydkif;tbd"r®musrf;rsm;üvnf; um,0dÓPfpdwfjzifh y#doaEäeonf[k rnfonfhtcgrQ
a[majyma&;om; zGifhqdkjcif; r½Sdbl;acs/ OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf tajccHtaMumif;wpfcsufjzpfaom
*EÄÁt,l0g'onf Ak'¨0g'ESifh qefUusifaom t"r®0g'omjzpfaMumif; trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f
q&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlonf/

tpodkU
txnfudk,f vlaovljzpf0g' pdppfqHk;jzwfcsuf

71/ a½SUwGif azmfjycJhNyD;aom pdppfcsufrsm;jzifh vlaovljzpfudk t"r®0g'tjzpf qHk;jzwfay;&ef
apm'emcsufudk acsyaom"emaom ocifjrwfqdkif\ tudk;taxmufrsm; rSm;,Gif;azmufjyef rrSefonfh
taMumif;udk azmfjycJhNyD; jzpf\/ xdkUjyif vlaovljzpfudk eef;wif&ef yv’ifcHaom tcsufrsm;xHrS ]]oE´d|du}}
udpöç tEkrmeudpöç twå0g'kyg'gefudpö uHy,fonfhudpö ponfwdkUudkvnf; rnfodkUrSm;,Gif;aeaMumif;
pdppfa0zefjycJhayNyD/ vlaovljzpf0g'udk wnfaqmuf&mü 31-bHkudpö bmom omoemy,fudpöç twdwf
tem*wfy,fudpö tbd"r®my,fudpöç ponfwdkUESifh bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk rn§mrwm
zsufqD;onfhudpörsm;udk a½SUvmrnfh 0dedpä,rsm;wGif qufvufpdppfa0zefoGm;rnf jzpf\/ ,cktcgwGifrl
OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g' txnfudk,fudk a0zefpdppf qHk;jzwfay;tHh/
OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g'txnfudk,f wnfaqmufcsufum; bmrQ [kwådywåd r½Sdacs? ]]vlao&if
vljzpfjrJouGm}}[k t&yfxJrSm ajymaom pum;vHk;xuf tenf;i,frQom tydktrdkygonf/ OD;Ouú|wdkUvlpl
tifwdkuftm;wdkuf ESpf½Snfvrsm; êud;pm;aeMu&onfh tcsufonfum; tjcm;r[kwf? Ak'¨0g' zsufqD;a&;yif
jzpf\? rSef\/ Ak'¨0g' MuHMuHcH&yfwnfaeorQ vlaovljzpf0g' r&yfwnfEdkifaomaMumifh jzpf\/ þodkU
Ak'¨0g'ysufpD;atmif ûyvkyf&mü OD;Ouú|wdkU OD;wnfwdkuf&rnfh t&mESpfrsdK;rSmum; yd#uwfpmayESifh
xdkyd#uwfpmayudk xdef;odrf;umuG,faeMuaom &[ef; oHCmrsm; (0g) bkef;BuD;rsm;yif jzpfayonf/
xdkUaMumifhyif yd#uwfpmayudk enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh arTaESmufzsufqD;jcif;ç &[ef;oHCmrsm;ESifh ypönf;av;yg;
'g,um 'g,dumrrsm; tquftoG,fjywfoGm;atmif êud;pm;jcif;wdkUudk ûyvkyfMujcif; jzpfayonf/
72/ odkUaomf OD;Ouú|onf ]]vlaovljzpf0g'}} udk oJoJrJrJ wnfaxmifvSvdkol[kvnf;
rqdkomacs/ ol\a&;om;csufrsm;t& vlaovljzpfonf 'kwd,tqifhüom ½Sdaeonf/ ol\
yxrOD;pm;ay; 0g'rSm ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;[laom ypöKyÜefwpfb00g'om jzpfayonf/ xdkUaMumifh aoNyD;
vkyfwdkif;ukef;\ aemufrSm ra&&monfhtaMumif; wzGzGajymjcif; wynfhrsm;tm; tajymcdkif;jcif;
jzpfayonf/ þuJhodkU wpfb00g' xlaxmifjcif;um; tjcm;aMumifhr[kwf? ½kyf0g'udk tonf;cdkufatmif
pGJjrJ,HkMunfxm;aomaMumifh jzpfayonf/ olonf p-o-C-Z-u [laom yom'½kyfig;yg;\
tjrifawGUudkom udk,fwdkifvufcHNyD; olwpfyg;wdkUvnf; vufcHMu&ef tywfwukwf
êud;pm;tm;xkwfcJholjzpfaMumif; awGUEdkifayonf/
odkUjzpfaomaMumifh awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|\ t"du0g'rSm ½kyf0g'udk tajccHaom aemifb0r½Sd?
Oapä'0g'om jzpf\/ ]]tu,fí jzpftHk;rnfqdkvQif}}[laom ol\ pum;t& ½kyf0g'udk tajccHaom
vlaovljzpf jrJonfqdkonfh oów0g'onf OD;Ouú|\ omrn0g'jzpfaMumif; awGUMu&ayonf/
xdkuJhodkU ½kyf0g'udktajccHaom aemifb0r½Sd Oapä't,l? vlaovljzpf jrJonf[laom
oówt,lwnf;[laom vufeufrsdK;pHkwdkUjzifh Ak'ömoemawmf wpf&yfvHk;udk ypfcGif; zsufqD;aejcif;
jzpfaMumif; ,ck EdkifiHawmfoD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)\ a½SUarSmufü jynfolrsm; ½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif;

tpodkU
odcGifh&MuNyD; jzpfayonf/
73/ OD;Ouú|\ omrnjzpfaom vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh pyfvsOf;ü ol\vlaovljzpfpmtkyfESifh
ocifjrwfqdkif\ vlaovljzpfjyóem paom qdkif&m pmtkyfwdkUudk tao;pdwf oHk;oyfMunfh&mwGif
]]vlaovljzpf}}udk wdkuf½dkufazmfxkwfaom babmw&m;ydkif;qdkif&m tcsuftvufu rsm;pGmr½SdbJ
Ak'ömoem wpfomoemvHk;udk wdkufcdkufzsufqD;aeonfhtcsuf rsm;pGmudkom awGU&ayonf/
vlaovljzpfpmtkyf xuf0ufausmfavmufonf bmom omoem &[ef; oHCm bkef;BuD;
apwDykxdk; "mwfawmf qHawmf ur®0g'ponfwdkUudk a0zefwdkufzsufcsufom jzpfonfudk awGU&onf/
usefxuf0ufcefUonf arsmufrS vljzpfvmonfqdkaom 'g0if0g'udk arsmuf½kyfyHkBuD;rsm;jzifh wpfcrf;wpfem;
jyxm;csufom jzpfonf/ vlaovljzpfudk wdkuf½dkufazmfjyaom pmrsufESmum; vHk;íqkyfvQif
vufwpfqkyfpmrQ r½Sdacs/
74/ vlaovljzpf0g'udk ajym&mü t"dutm;ûyaom tcsufrSm 'g0if0g'yifjzpfonf/
'g0if0g't& vlonf aemufqHk;tqifha&mufaeaom owå0grsdK;jzpfonf qdk\/ vlxuf aemufwpfqifh
wdk;wufjzpfp&m r½Sdawmh[k qdk\/ vltqifhrS jyefNyD; avQmus&efvnf; rjzpfEdkifawmh[k qdk\/ xdktcsufudk
tajccHNyD; OD;Ouú|u tu,fí vlaoNyD;aemuf jzpftHk;rnfqdkvQif vlyifjyefjzpf&rnf[k qdkayonf/
tu,fí qdkojzifh vlaoNyD;aemuf bmrSrjzpfbJvnf; aecsifaernf[k qdk&ma&mufayonf/
þodkU 'g0if0g'udk rlwnfNyD; þtwdkif;jzpfyHkudk OD;Ouú|u olvufvSrf;rSDorQ ,kwådjy\/ a½Tonf
tEÅdr"mwfjzpfaeí a½TysufvQif a½Tomjyefjzpfonf qdk\/ xdkUaMumifh owå0gavmuwGif tEÅdr
aemufqHk;tqifh a&mufaeaom vlonfvnf; tjcm;ajymif;vJ jzpfp&mrvdkbJ vlomjyefjzpf&rnf qdk\/
75/ wpfzef refusnf;yifrsdK;rS wrmyifayguf½dk; r½Sd? ref;usnf;yifom ayguf&onf? xdkenf;wl
vlrsdK;rS vlyJ jyefjzpf&rnf[k usm;uefxm;onfudk awGU&onf/ a½TESifh refusnf;yifwnf;[laom
oufrJh½kyf0w¬Kypönf;wdkUudk ouf½Sdowå0gESifh xyfwlûyí azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/
þwGif 'g0if0g'\ pdwful,OfqefvSyHkudkvnf;aumif;? a½Tonf tEÅdr"mwf
r[kwfyHkudkvnf;aumif;? vlESifhrwlaom a½T opfyifwdkUudk EdIif;,SOfrIrSm;,Gif;aeonfudkvnf;aumif;
þodkUaom tcsufwdkUudk ynm½SifwdkUu pdppfa0zefcJhMuNyD;jzpfí vlaovljzpfonf OD;Ouú|\
wynfhom0ursm;\ pGefUypfjcif;udkyif cHae&NyD jzpfonf/ ,cktcgü aemifb0wGif tyg,fav;yg;
usa&muf&ef tawmfuav; usdef;aoaeaom 'kp½dkuform; tenf;i,frQavmufom vlaovljzpfudk
a,mif,rf;jrnfwrf;rdaom tqifhwGif½Sdacsonf/
76/ odkU&mwGif 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;taejzifh wm0eft& tqHk;tjzwfay;&rnf jzpfayonf/
OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g'onf bk&m;a[mygVdawmf t|uxm #Dumtm;vHk;ESifhyif qefUusifonf[k
qdk&ayrnf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf vlaovljzpfwGif Mum;cH0g' (tEÅ&m b00g') ½kyfw&m;om jrJNyD;
emrfw&m; rjrJ[k,laom{upöoów0g' vlaoNyD; vljyeftjzpf jrJonf? þvlyif aemuf vljyefjzpfonf/

tpodkU
þb0 ½kyfonfyif aemifb0odkU vdkufygNyD;jyefjzpfonf[laom oów'd|dt,lwdkU yg0ifaeaomaMumifh

jzpfayonf/ rnfonfh bk&m;a[mygVdawmf t|uxm #DumwdkUürQ tEÅ&mb00g'ç {upöoów0g'ç
oów'd|d t,lwdkUudk vufoifhrcHaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
þwGif vlaovljzpfjrJonf[laom 0g'rSm;,Gif;yHkudk odom½HkrQ 'dAÁpu©K ÓPuxmjzifh
rD;armif;xdk;í azmfjytyfayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; &½Sdaom 0dZÆmoHk;yg;wdkUwGif 'dAÁpu©KÓPf yg½Sdonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdk'dAÁpu©KÓPfjzifh avmuudkMunfhaomtcg þodkUawGUjrif&aMumif; txift½Sm;
a[mMum;xm;awmfrlavonf/
igbk&m;onf tvGefoefUpifaom vlwdkU\ rsufpdtjrifxufydkí jrifEdkifpGrf;aom ewfrsufpd
tjrifjzifh owå0gwdkUudk Munfh&mwGif aoqJ? arG;qJ owå0gwdkUudkvnf; jrif\/ ,kwfç jrwfç vSç qdk;ç
owå0g trsdK;rsdK;udkvnf; jrif\/ uHtm;avsmfpGm ok*wd 'k*¾wdjzpfMuaom owå0gwdkUudkvnf; jrif\/
um,'kp½dkufç 0pD'kp½dkufç raem'kp½dkufwdkUudk ûyvkyfjynfhpHkaeol? t&d,molawmfaumif;wdkUudk
yufyufpufpuf a0zefykwfcwfol? t,lrSm; tjrifrSm;aeol? wynfhaemufvdkufwdkUtm; t,lrSm;udk
oGif;ay;ol? þodkUaomolrsdK;onf aoNyD;aemuf csrf;omuif;aom raumif;aomvm;&mjzpfaom
azmufjyefysufpD;í us&mjzpfaom i&JodkUusa&mufMu&\/ xdkodkUr[kwfrlí um,okp½dkuf 0pDokp½dkuf
raemokp½dkufwdkUudk ûyvkyfjynfhpHkaeol? t&d,molawmfaumif;wdkUudk rapmfum; rjypfrSm;ol? t,lrSef ,lol?
rdrdt,lrSefudk olwyg;wdkUtm; wnfaqmufapol? þodkUaomolwdkUonf aoNyD;aemuf
aumif;aomvm;&mjzpfaom wifhw,faom vlUjynf? ewfjynfodkU a&mufMuukef\/ þodkUvQif
uHtm;avsmfpGm xdkxdkbHkb0wdkUodkU uyfa&mufMu&aom owå0gwdkUudk igbk&m;jrifawmfrlonf/
(0denf;yg&mZduPfygVdawmf ponf)/
þbk&m;tjrifESifh OD;Ouú|\ pdwful;,Of tb,frQ uGmjcm;aeonfudk txift½Sm;
odomEdkifMuayonf/ wenf;qdk&aomf OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpfonf bk&m;a[m "r®0de,ESifh
vHk;0qefUusifaeaMumif; odomxif½Sm;ayonf/ trSefpifppf OD;Ouú| uHraumif;onfhtcsufrSm
vlaovljzpfonf Ak'¨0g'ESifh qefUusif½HkrQru olUudkolyif jyefqefUusifaeaom tcsuf jzpf\/ olonf p
o C Z u [laom yom'½kyfig;yg;udkom tcdkiftrmudkifol jzpfygvsuf rsufjrif Mum;em
udk,fawGUr[kwfaom vlaovljzpf0g'udkrS wnfaxmifrd&ufom; jzpf½SmaomaMumifhaywnf;/
bk&m;udkvnf; qefUusif udk,fhudk,fudkvnf; qefUusifaom OD;Ouú|jzpfaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
77/ «OD;Ouú|ESifh wynfhaemufvdkufwdkUtaejzifh Ak'¨0g'ESifh qefUusifaom ½kyf0g'udk
,HkMunfcsif ,HkMunf? vlaovljzpfudk ,HkMunfcsif,HkMunf? xdkodkU ,HkMunf½HkrQjzifh oD;jcm;0dedpä,½Hk;awmfodkU
pk'dwutjzpf a&mufvmrnfr[kwf? rSefay\- tjcm;aom½kyf0g'Drsm; bmomjcm;rsm; þ½Hk;awmfodkU
ra&mufMuonfrSm xif½Sm;aom tcsufwnf;/ »

tpodkU
OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g'ESifhwuG vuf<uif;vufusef wynfhvufom;rsm; þ½Hk;awmfodkU

a&mufvmNyD; pk'dwujzpfMuonfrSm tjcm;aMumifhr[kwf? rdrdwdkU ,HkMunfxm;aom ½kyf0g'
vlaovljzpf0g'twGuf vrf;½Sif;ay;vdkonfhtaejzifh ESpfaygif; 2500-ausmf umvwdkifwdkif trsm;jynfol
&[ef; ½Sifvl oef;aygif;rsm;pGmwdkU\ ,HkMunfudkuG,f&mjzpfaom yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;? yd#uwfaqmif
&[ef;oHCmrsm;udk zsufqD;&ef êud;pm;MuonfhtwGuf jzpfayonf/ wenf;qdk&aomf olwyg;\
,HkMunfcsufudk xdyg;apmfum;MuonfhtwGuf jzpfayonf/ Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½SifvlwdkUonf onf;cHrIw&m;
BuD;rm;aomolrsm; jzpfMuíom OD;Ouú|wdkU vlpktaejzifh ,ckavmuf twifh&JcGifh &Mujcif; jzpfonf/
Ak'¨bmomae&mü tjcm;omom yd#uwfawmfae&mü [dk'Dusrf;pmrsm;udk tpm;xdk;MunfhygvQif
OD;Ouú|wdkUvlpk ,ckavmuf tcsdefMumMum wdkufcdkufzsufqD;csdef &Murnf r[kwfay/
78/ þodkUaom taMumif;rsm;aMumifh Ak'ömoemawmfwGif;ü a>rayG; cg;ydkufydkuf
qdkbdouJhodkU ESpf½Snfvrsm; cHpm;vmcJh&aom vlaovljzpfqdkif&m 0d0g'g"du½kPf; a&m*gqdk;BuD;
uif;Nidrf;aysmufuG,fap&ef tvdkUiSm OD;Ouú|\ vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh ¤if;udk yHUydk;xm;aom tcsuftvuf
[lorQonf edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfoHk;yHk ax&0g' Ak'¨0g'ESifh vHk;0qefUusifaom t"r®0g'
ppfppfjzpfaMumif; EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f tzGJUtrSwf(2) q&mawmfrsm; tm;vHk;u wnDwñGwfwnf;
qHk;jzwfawmf rlMuonf/


tpodkU

EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU? trSwf-2
apm'em trSwf(3)
31-bHky,f0g' 0dedpä,
31-bHky,fxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\
a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf/
1/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u trSwf(3) apm'emtjzpfjzifh vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh
aemufvdkufwdkUonf (31)bHkudk bk&m;a[mcJhygvsuf ra[mav[ef vkyfMuHpGyfpGJrI trsdK;rsdK;
ûyvkyfcJhMuygonf[k apm'emwifoGif; xm;Muonf/ xdkapm'emü pk'dwuwdkU\ trSm;rsm;udk
axmufjyvsuf oufaocH tjzpf-
(u) vlaovljzpf pmtkyf? ESm-7-yg pmydk'f
(c) vlaovljzpf pmtkyf? ESm-11-yg pmydk'f
(*) vlaovljzpf pmtkyf? ESm-99-100-yg pmydk'f
(C) vlaovljzpf pmtkyf? ESm-155-yg pmydk'f
(i) 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH pmtkyf? ESm-147-yg pmydk'f
(p) 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH pmtkyf? ESm-210-211-yg pmydk'f
(q) tpGJûywfwJukwf a½Teef;awmf pmtkyf? ESm-54-yg pmydk'f
(Z) ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ pmtkyf? ESm-10-yg pmydk'f
yg pmrsm;udk xkwfaqmifwifjy½Hkomru xdkpmtkyf tm;vHk;udkvnf; þ½Hk;awmfodkU oufaocHtjzpf
wifjyMuavonf/
2/ þtcsuf 9-csuftjyif ]]OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkUonf 31-bHkonf wu,fr½Sd
pdwful;,Of Oyg'geftpGJrQom jzpfonf[k qdkonfhtjyif bk&m;ra[maom (avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu
eda&m"Íö ew¬d)[laom vufjzpfygVdrSm;? vufjzpft"dyÜg,f t,ltqrSm;wdkUudk bk&m;a[m jzpfav[efyif
vdrfnmí qdkxm;Muygonfbk&m;}}[laom pGJcsufudkvnf; wifoGif;Muavonf/
3/ xdkUaemuf xyfqifhwifoGif;tyfaom 0daooapm'emü q|rl {uedygwf? t*Fkwå&ygVd?
ESm-39-ESifh ,if;ygVd\ jrefrmjyefudkvnf;aumif;? 0dbif;ygVdawmf ESm-427-437-ESifh ,if;ygVd\
jrefrmjyefudk vnf;aumif;? o|dedygwf? oHudpöZmwf? ESm-60 udk vnf;aumif; xkwfaqmifudk;um;í 31-bHk
½SdaMumif; oufaoxloGm;avonf/
4/ odkUjzpfí 31-bHkudk vufrcHaom pk'dwuwdkU\ 0g'rSm bk&m;a[m a'oemrsm;ESifh
qefUusifaomMumifh pifppf t"r®0g'omjzpfaMumif; pGJcsufwifxm;Muayonf/

tpodkU
5/ t"r®0g'Dtjzpf pGJqdkjcif;cH&aom pk'dwu(w&m;cH) 7-OD;teuf a';'&JûrdU?

uGif;ausmif;wdkufrS OD;OaZÆmwdu? awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU? ae½Sife,fausmif;rS OD;Z0e? awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU?
ig;qifhausmif;rS OD;Z0eESifh awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU? ewfrSDausmif;rS OD;qE´m"du av;OD;om;wdkUu þ31-bHk0g'
Ak'¨vufrcH[laom apm'emudk aom"emjcif; (ckcHajcyjcif;) vHk;0rûycJhMuacs? þodkUacsyrIrûyjcif;tm;jzifh
31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH[lí OD;Ouú|0g'DtcsdKU a[majyma&;om;csufonf rSm;,Gif;aMumif; 0efcHNyD;jzpfonf/
xkdUjyif apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifoGif;onfhtwdkif; 31-bHkudk bk&m;a[mcJhonfrSm rSefuefaMumif;
0efcHNyD;vnf; jzpfayonf/
6/ þuJhodkU pmayy&d,wfudk oifMum;zl;Muaom q&mawmfrsm;u (trSm;udk trSm;? trSefudk
trSef) 0efcHMuaomfvnf; Ak'¨pmay y&d,wfudk tajccHrSpí q&maumif;xH csOf;uyfí jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf
roifzl;Muaom ocifjrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS vl0wfaMumifrsm;uom þapm'emcsufudk
acsyMuayonf/
7/ ,if;odkUacsy&mwGifvnf; ocifjrwfqdkifESifh okawoetzGJUcsKyfrS Ouú| OD;cif[efwdkUonf
tcsif;csif; rnDñGwfrlí woD;wjcm;pD acsyavQmufxm;cJhMuonf/
ocifjrwfqdkif acsyvTmudk pdppfoHk;oyfjcif;

8/ 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH[laom udpöESifhywfoufí ocifjrwfqdkifu t*FkwådK&f quúedygwf?
b0okwf ponfrsm;udk udk;um;wifjyí acsycJhavonf/ ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsufrsm;udk
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u pdppfoHk;oyfí aumufcsufcsMunfh&mwGif ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf b0udk
tm;ray;aMumif;}}[laom tcsufwpfckudkom awGU&ayonf/
9/ ocifjrwfqdkif\ pum;t&qdkaomf ]]þuJhodkUaom okwåeftaxmuftxm;rsm;t&
Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifonf vlewfjA[®m wnf;[laom b0udk tm;ray;aMumif;}}[líyifjzpfonf/
10/ ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsufjzpfaom txufyg vdk&if;pum;&yfudk aocsmpGm pdppfí
aumufcsufcsMunfhaomtcg 31-bHk? 31-b0onf ½SdaMumif;? odkUaomfvnf; Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifu xdkb0wdkUudk
tm;ay;jcif;r½SdaMumif; tajzxGufvsuf ½Sdayonf/ wpfqufwnf;yif 31-bHk0g'udk Ak'¨vufrcH[laom
t,l0g' (odkUwnf;r[kwf) ewfbHk? i&JbHkr½Sd[laom t,l0g'onfvnf; rSm;,Gif;aom
t,l0g'yifjzpfaMumif; qdk&ma&mufayonf/
11/ ocifjrwfqdkif udk;um;wifjyaom bmomjyefpum;&yfrsm;udk oHk;oyf&mwGif tcsuf 2-
csufudk xif½Sm;pGm awGU&jyefonf/ yxrtcsufrSm ocifjrwfqdkifonf ygVdawmfjrefrmjyefpmtkyfrsm;rS
a&;ul;&müyif rSefuefpGm ra&;ul;EdkifcJhonfudk awGU&onf/ ygVdjrefrmjyef rl&if;ESifh cRwf,Gif;aeonfudk
awGU&onf/ þodkUjzpf&jcif;rSm trIppfaq;&mü ¤if;udk,fwdkif tBudrfBudrf 0efcHcJhonfhtwdkif; yd#uwf
ruRrf;usif½Smí jzpf&onf[k q&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
12/ 'kwd,tcsufrSm b0ESifhwPSm o½kyfruGJonfh tcsufyifjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

ocifjrwfqdkif tudk;tum;ûyí wifjyaom okwfawmfrsm;\ a[mMum;csufrsm;onf b0udkwG,fwmrIESifh
ywfoufí a0zefa[mMum;aom okwfrsm;om jzpfayonf/ b0r½Sd (bHkr½Sd) [lí a[mMum;aom okwfrsm;
r[kwfacs/ edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfoHk;oG,fwdkUwGif 31-bHk r½Sd[k a[mMum;csuf vHk;0r½Sdacs/
13/ b0ESifhwPSm oD;oefU Mum;uefUí oabmaygufem;vnfEdkifrIonfvnf; vG,fulaom
t&mr[kwfay? oabm½dk;jzifh q&maumif; orm;aumif;xH csOf;uyfí oif,lMum;emavhvmqnf;yl;rSom
odEdkifpaumif;aom t&mjzpfonf/ ocifjrwfqdkifrSmrl (xGufqdkcsuft&) OD;Ouú|rSwpfyg; tjcm;aom
q&maumif; orm;aumif;rsm;xH jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf qnf;uyfcJhjcif; r½SdaMumif; od&onf/ xdkUaMumifhyif
b0wPSm uif;jywfa&;twGuf a[maom w&m;awmfrsm;udk b0r½Sd[k a[maom w&m;awmfrsm;[k
txifa&mufum ,ckvdk udk;um;acsyrdjcif; jzpfayonf/
14/ taxmuftxm; wifjyaom okwfw&m;awmfrsm;t& jrwfpGmbk&m;onf b0[lu
vlUb0tygt0if rnfonfhb0udkrQ csD;rGrf;jcif; rûyaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
oAÁñkwÓPfawmf½Sifjzpfí b0wPSmrS uif;vGwfa&;w&m;udk a[m&mü b0tm;vHk;udk ½Iwfcs&rnfrSm
obm0usayonf/ þuJhodkU wPSmy,fowfa&; w&m;awmfrsm;udk ewfbHk i&JbHkrsm;udk
okwfoif½Sif;vif;a&; vufeuftjzpf toHk;csrdjcif;onf rSm;jcif;BuD;wpf&yfyif jzpfayonf/
b0okwfudk oHk;oyfcsuf
15/ ,cktcg ocifjrwfqdkif tudk;tum;wifjyaom okwåefygVdawmf jrefrmjyefrsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í wpfokwfpD wpfokwfpD oHk;oyfazmfjyoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/
16/ a½S;OD;pGm ocifjrwfqdkifu t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf jrefrmjyef quúedygwf? b0okwfudk
]]&[ef;wdkU þb0oHk;rsdK;wdkUudk y,ftyfukef\/ tb,fb0oHk;rsdK;wdkUudk y,ftyfukef oenf;[lrl umr?
½ly? t½ly þb0 oHk;yg;wdkUudk y,ftyfukef\}}[k þodkU wifjyudk;um; xm;avonf/
17/ xdkquúedygwf? b0okwfygVdawmf\ q|rljrefrmjyef tjynfhtpHkrSm þodkUjzpfayonf/
&[ef;wdkU þb0oHk;rsdK;wdkUudk y,ftyfukef\? odu©moHk;rsdK;wdkUüvnf; usifhtyf\/
tb,fb0oHk;rsdK;wdkUudk y,ftyfukefoenf;[lrl . . . umrb0udkvnf;aumif;? ½lyb0udkvnf;aumif;?
t½lyb0udkvnf;aumif; þb0oHk;rsdK;wdkUudk y,ftyfukef\/
tb,fodu©moHk;rsdK;wdkUü usifhtyfoenf;? t"doDvodu©mü vnf;aumif;? t"dpdwåodu©mü
vnf;aumif;? t"dynmodu©müvnf;aumif; þodu©moHk;rsdK;wdkUü usifhtyf\/
&[ef;wdkU tusiftcgü &[ef;onf þb0oHk;rsdK;wdkUudk y,ftyfukef\? þodu©moHk;rsdK;wdkUüvnf;
usifhtyfaomtusifh½Sd\? &[ef;wdkU xdktcg þ&[ef;udk wPSmjzwfNyD;ol? oHa,mZOfudk vGefajrmufNyD;ol?
aumif;pGm rmeudky,fjcif;aMumif 0#fqif;&J\ tqHk;udk ûyNyD;ol [lí qdktyf\/ (tifjref?2?488/)

tpodkU
18/ þb0okwfawmfü umrb0? ½lyb0? t½lyb0[laom pum;&yfonf Oypmtm;jzifh

a[maom pum; jzpf\/ rkcstm;jzifhrlum; umrbHk? ½lybHk? t½lybHkwdkUü wyfrufaom wPSmudkom
a[mawmfrlaom pum;jzpfonf/
19/ þokwfawmfvm ]]y,ftyfukef\}}[laom pum;t& y,fp&m ½SdaeaMumif; odEdkif\/
umrbHk? ½lybHk? t½lybHkwdkUonf ½Sdukef\? xdkbHkwdkUü pGJvrf;aom umrwPSm ½lywPSm
t½lywPSmwdkUonfvnf; ½Sdukef\/ xdkwPSmwdkUudk y,ftyfukef\ [lí a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
20/ trSeftm;jzifh wPSmpaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkUonf y,ftyfaom (y[mwAÁ)
w&m;wdkUjzpfukef\/ b0wdkUü wyfrufaom wPSmpaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkUudk y,f&eftwGufom
jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
xdkUaMumifhyif b0okwf\ ed*kH;pum;&yfü ]]&[ef;wdkU xdktcg þ&[ef;udk wPSmjzwfNyD;ol?
oHa,mZOfudk vGefajrmufNyD;ol? aumif;pGm rmeudky,fjcif;aMumif 0#fqif;&J\ tqHk;udk ûyNyD;ol [lí
qdktyf\}}[k wPSmy,fjcif;udk xif½Sm;pGm a[mawmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/
21/ tu,fí ocifjrwfqdkif wifonfhtwdkif; umrb0 ½lyb0 t½lyb0wdkUudk y,f&rnf[k
rkcsteuf,lvQifvnf; umrb0 ½lyb0 t½lyb0 ½Sdaeonf[k t"dyÜg,f oufa&mufonfyif jzpf\/
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf ½Sdaeaomt&mudkomvQif ty,fcdkif;&ef vdktyf\? r½Sdaom t&mudkrl ty,fcdkif;&ef
rvdktyfaomaMumifhaywnf;/
22/ xdkUaMumifh ocifjrwfqdkifwifjyaom þb0okwfonf 31-bHkudk y,faomokwf r[kwf?
31-bHk0g'udk vufrcH[lí a[mMum;aom okwfvnf;r[kwf? trSefpifppf 31-bHk½SdaMumif;udkyif tw¬myEé
pum;usenf;tm;jzifh ñTefjyaom okwfjzpfaeayonf/
[mvd'´dumedokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
23/ ocifjrwfqdkifu 'kwd,acsycsuftjzpf [mvd'´dumedokwfudk xkwfaqmifí ]]ol<u,f
tem*wfumvü þodkUaom ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmP½Sdol jzpf&vdk\/ þuJhodkU
tem*wfb0udk MuHolonf 0#fudk a½SUoGm;ûyol rnf\}}[k wifjyxm;avonf/
24/ þokwfüygaom tem*wr'¨geH yk&u©ma&m-tem*wfb0udk MuHolonf 0#fudk
a½SUoGm;ûyol rnf\ [laom pum;udkaxmufí tem*wfumv (tem*wfb0) ½SdaMumif;rSm
xif½Sm;avonf/ ocifjrwfqdkif ,lqouJhodkU 31-bHk r½Sdonfr[kwf? 31-bHk½Sdonf[laom t"dyÜg,fyif
oufa&mufíaeayonf/

tpodkU
tZÑwådum,weokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
25/ ocifjrwfqdkifu wwd,acsycsuftaejzifh ]]ax&0g' yd#uwf t*FkwådK&f? r[m0*¾oH,kwf?
opöoH,kwf? tZÑwådum,weokwfwGif . . .
]]b0opfudk jzpfapaom ork',opöm[lonf umrwPSm? b0wPSm? 0db0wPSmwdkUwnf;?
xdkwPSmwdkUudk y,ftyfukef\? r*fjzifhy,favm}}[k acsyxm;avonf/ q|rl jrefrmjyefESifh udkufnDrI
r½Sdacs/
26/ þü tZÑwådum,weokwfudk ocifjrwfqdkifu ax&0g'yd#uwf t*FkwådK&f
[lívnf;aumif;? r[m0*¾oH,kwf-[lívnf;aumif; vHk;axG;a&maESmNyD; azmfjyxm;avonf/
þtZÑwådum,weokwfonf ocifjrwfqdkif ñTefjyouJhodkU ax&0g'yd#uwf t*FkwådK&fwGif ryg½Sdacs/
r[m0*¾oH,kwfwGifrl trSefyif yg½Sdayonf/ xdkokwf\ t"dyÜg,f tjynfhtpHkrSm-
]]&[ef;wdkU qif;&Jjzpfay:aMumif; jzpfaom t&d,mwdkU\ trSefw&m;[lonf tb,fenf;?
b0opfü jzpfapwwfaom ESpfoufjcif;ç wyfrufjcif;ESifhwuGjzpfaom xdkxdktm½kHü
vGefpGmESpfoufwwfaom wyfrufrIwPSmyifwnf;/ þonfum; tb,fenf;? umrwdkUüwyfrufrI
umrwPSm? oów'd|dESifhwuGjzpfaom b0wPSm? Oapä''d|dESifhwuGjzpfaom
0db0wPSmwdkUwnf;/ &[ef;wdkY þw&m;udk qif;&Jjzpfay:aMumif;jzpfaom t&d,mwdkU\
trSefw&m;[k qdktyf\}} (oHjref?3?379?380/)
27/ þtxufyg jrefrmjyefpum;&yfonf ork',opömtaMumif;udk jyqdkaom
a'oemjzpfonf/ þa'oem rl&if; ygVdawmfü-
]]aygaemAÇ0dum=b0opfü jzpfapwwfaom}}
[laom pum;&yfyg½Sdonfudk owdûyoifh\/ xdkpum;jzifh wPSmruif;orQ (ry,f&ao;orQ) b0opfü
jzpf&ayOD;rnf[kaom t"dyÜg,frSm ½Sif;vsufaeonf/ b0opf[laom pum;udkaxmufí b0a[mif;[laom
twdwfb0 ½SdaerIonfvnf; ay:vGifvmjyef\/ þodkYtm;jzifh þokwfvmpum;&yfonf ocifjrwfqdkif
,lqouJhodkU b0r½SdyHkudk rjy? b0½SdyHkudkom jyqdkvsuf½SdaomaMumifh 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH[laom
pkwd'uwdkU\ oabmxm;onf vHk;0rSm;,Gif;aMumif; xif½Sm;aeayonf/
avmuokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
28/ ocifjrwfqdkifu pwkw¬om"utjzpf O'gef;vm avmuokwfudk xkwfí ]]b0onf
ESdyfpuf\? xdkb0udkyif ESpfoufMu\? b0[lonf ab; jzpf\? Z&m r&Ponf jzpf\? b0udk
y,fjcif;iSm usifh&\? b0jzifhb0rS rvGwf? b0jywfvdkjcif;jzifhvnf; b0rS rvGwf}}[k
acsqdkudk;um;avonf/ ol\wifjycsufonf q|rljrefrmjyefESifh udkufnDjcif;r½Sdacs? q|rl jrefrmjyef
tjynfhtpHkrSm-

tpodkU
]]b0üuyfNidaom avmuonf wpfyg;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jzpfavh½Sdum b0jzifh

ESdyfpuftyfonfjzpfvsuf b0udkyif ESpfouf\/ tMuifb0udk ESpfouf\? xdkb0onf ab;
jzpf\/ tMuifZ&mponfrS aMumuf\? xdkZ&monfvnf; qif;&Jrnf\/ b0udky,fjcif;iSmomvsif
þjA[®p&d,udk usifhoHk;\/ b0jzifh b0rS vGwfjcif;udk qdkMuol orPjAm[®P tcsdKUwdkUonf
b0rS rvGwfajrmufukef[k (igbk&m;)qdk\/ b0uif;jywfrIjzifh b0rSxGufajrmufjcif;udk qdkMuol
orP jAm[®P tcsdKUwdkUonf b0rS rxGufajrmufukef[k (igbk&m;)qdk\}} (ckjref?1? 105/)
(O'gef;ygVd? avmuokwf q|rl jrefrmjyef)
29/ þavmuokwfüvnf; b0wPSmudk y,fowf&ef y"mexm;í a[mMum;jcif;yif
jzpfonf/ b0r½Sd[k rjyqdk? b0trSefyif½SdaeaomaMumifh 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH[laom pkwd'uwdkU\
oabmxm;onf yd#uwfESifhrnD[k oHk;owfawmfrlMuonf/
r[med'geokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
31/ ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]tvm;wlyif b0udk Ak'¨vufrcHaMumif; okwfaygif;rsm;pGm
½Sdaeygao;onfbk&m;}}[k avQmufxm;NyD; yÍörajrmuf acsycsuftjzpf 'DCedum,f? r[m0*f?
r[med'geokwf ]]Oyg'gefonfvQif jzpfrIb0\ taMumif;&if;[dwfaywnf;? tajccHed'gef;aywnf;}}[k
wifjyavQmufxm;avonf/
31/ þa'oemyg pum;&yfonf ]]Oyg'geypö,m ba0g}}[laom y#dpöorkyÜg'f w&m;awmf
jzpfayonf/ xdky#dpöorkyÜg'fygVd\ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]Oyg'gefaMumifh ur®b0 Oyywådb0 jzpf\}}[k t"dyÜg,f
xGuf&Sdonf/ b0r½Sd[k t"dyÜg,frxGuf? b0½Sd[kom t"dyÜg,fxGufaomaMumifh 31-bHk0g'
Ak'¨vufrcH[laom pum;rSm yd#uwfpmayESifh qefUusifaMumif; xif½Sm;í aeayonf/
o*Ðwdokwf oHk;owfcsuf
32/ q|rajrmuf acsycsuftaejzifh ocifjrwfqdkifu o*Ðwdokwfudk udk;um;í ]]olaX;
ol<u,f ewfjA[®mtjzpfudk awmifhwí igaovQif xdkb0wdkUudk a&muf&aomfaumif;avpG[k &nfrSef;í
vª\? xdkpdwfudkxm;í xdkpdwfudk yGm;\? xdkpdwfonf ,kwfnHhaom umr*kPfw&m;odkU ñGwf\? r*fzdkvfudk
ryGm;apukef}} ponfjzifh Ak'önf b0udk y,fcJhygonf bk&m;[k wifjyxm;avonf/
33/ ocifjrwfqdkif wifjyaom pum;&yfonf bk&m;a[m ygVdrl&if;ESifh qefUusifrSm;,Gif;vsuf
&Sdayonf/ o*Ðwdokwfjrefrmjyef usrf;&if;t"dyÜg,f tjynfhtpHkrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
]]xdkolonf tMuif0w¬Kudk ay;vª\? xdk0w¬Kudk awmifhw\? / y/ igonf
cE¨mudk,fysufpD;í aoNyD;onfrSaemufü rif;ç jAm[®Pç ol<u,f olaX;rsdK;ç pwkr[m&mZf
wm0wðomç ,mrmç wkodwmç edr®me&wdç y&edr®dwç 0o0wåd jA[®mwdkY\ taygif;tazmftjzpfodkY

tpodkU
a&muf&rl aumif;avpG[k pdwf jzpf\/ xdkolonf xdkpdwfudkxm;\? xdkpdwfudk t"d|mef\?

xdkpdwfudk yGm;rsm;\? xdkol\ xdkpdwfonf ,kwfrmaom umr*kPfw&m;ü ñGwf\?
vGefajrmufaom r*fzdkvf tvdkUiSm ryGm;aptyf? xdkrif; / y/ jA[®mjynfü a&mufjcif;iSm jzpf\/
xdkpum;udkvnf; oDv½Sdaom yk*¾dKvftm; qdk\/ oDvr½Sdaom yk*¾dKvftm; igrqdk? igh½SifwdkU
oDv½Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\ pdwfawmifhwjcif;onf jzLpifaomMumifh jynfhpHk\}} ('D jref?3?237?238/)
('DCedum,f? ygxdu0*f? o*Ðwdokwf jrefrmjyef)
34/ þo*Ðwdokwfonfvnf; ocifjrwfqdkifqdkvdkonfh 31-bHk r½SdaMumif;udk razmfjy?
razmfjy½HkrQru 31-bHk ½Sdjcif;udkyif jyaeonf/ taMumif;rlum; xdkokwfü ay;vªrIaMumifh vlUbHkç ewfbHkç
jA[®mhbHkodkU a&mufaMumif;jyqdkxm;onfjzpf&m xdkxdkbHkrsm; xif½Sm;½SdaeyHkudk (þokwfudk udk;jcif;tm;jzifh)
ocifjrwfqdkifudk,fwdkif 0efcHNyD;jzpfacsonf/
*Pdumokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
35/ owåracsycsuftaejzifh ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]umr*kPfaESmifb0udk arQmfudk;olonf
&m*jrLrpifol jzpf\/ twåudvrxmEka,m*ESifh umrokcv’dumEka,m*paom t,kwfw&m;ESpfyg;udk
usifhMuHol rnf\/ umrb0udk arQmfudk;jcif;onf wPSmt0dZÆmudk yGm;ap\}}[k þokwfwGif
b0udkarQmfudk;olonf rdpäm'd|d[k qdkxm;aMumif; awGU&ygonfbk&m;[k wifjyavQmufxm;avonf/
36/ þpum;&yfonfvnf; rl&if;ygVdawmf\ tmabmfESifhvGJacsmfaeaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
xdk*Pdumokwf\ rl&if;tqdkrSm þodkU jzpf\/
]]&tyfcHpm;tyfaom umr*kPfESifh &xdkufcHpm;xdkufaom umr*kPf[laom þESpfyg;pHkonf
udavomESdyfpufcH&ol aemufaemiftusdK; arQmfudk; usifhMuHol\ (oEÅmefü) &m*paomjrLwdkUjzifh
a&m>yrf;\/ tMuifolwdkUonf oDvAÁwpaomtusifhudk udavompifMu,f\[k
,lqajymqdkMuukef\/ tMuifolwdkUtm; a½SmifMuOfrI (oDv) qif;&J ûidjiifpGmûyusifhrI (0w)
[if;½Gufpm;jcif; ponfjzifh toufarG;rI (Zd0dw) arxkefrS a½SmifMuOfrI (jA[®p&d,) AdóEdk;ewf
ponfwdkUtm; vkyfauR;rI (Oy|me) ponfwdkUjzifh oHo&mrS pifMu,f\[k ,lqajymqdk ukef\/
xdkolwdkU\ oDvAÁwponfwdkU\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom twåudvrxmEka,m*[laom tusifhonf
t,kwfw&m; wpfyg;wnf;/
tMuifolwdkUum; umr*kPfwdkUü tjypfr½Sd[k qdkMuukef\/ xdkolwdkU\ umr*kPfwdkUü
tjypfr½Sd[k ajymqdkusifhMuHrI[laom umrokcv’dumEka,m* tusifhonf 'kwd,ajrmufjzpfaom
t,kwfw&m;wnf;/ þodkU t,kwfw&m;ESpfyg;wdkUonf (u#od)rnfaom wPSm t0dZÆmwdkUudk
yGm;apwwfukef\/ þt,kwfw&m;ESpfyg;wdkUudk rodjcif;aMumifh tcsdKUaomolwdkUonf
qkwfepfukef\? tcsdKUaomolwdkUonf vGefí ajy;ukef\/ tMuifolwdkUum;

tpodkU
xdkt,kwfw&m;ESpfyg;wdkUudk odaomaMumifh xdkt,kwfw&m;ü rusa&mufMuukef? xdkodkU

t,kwfw&m;ESpfyg;ü rusa&mufjcif;aMumifh wPSm rme 'd|dwdkUjzifh (rdrdudk,fudk)
txifrrSm;Muukef? xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; (vlewfponf) ynwf&ef 0#fr½SdawmhNyD}} (ck jref 1? 151/)
(O'gef;ygVd? *PDumokwf jrefrmjyef)
37/ þokwfonf tpGef;ESpfyg; a½SmifMuOf&ef a[maomokwf jzpfonf/ 31-bHk r½Sd? 31-bHkudk
y,faMumif; jyqdkxm;jcif; r½Sday/
ykPÖu rmP0ykpäm
38/ t|racsycsuftaejzifh ocifjrwfqdkifu ykPÖurmP0ykpämudk ñTefí ]]vlewfjA[®m b0udk
awmifhwí vªoltm;vHk;onf b0udk wyfpGef;vsuf wPSmjzifh vªaomaMumifh Zmwd Z&m r&P 0#fqif;&JrS
rvGwfajrmufEdkif}}[k wifjyavQmufxm;jyefonf/ ocifjrwfqdkif\ wifjycsufonf rl&if;ygVdawmftwdkif;
r[kwfay? rl&if;ygVdawmf\ jrefrmjyef tjynfhtpHkrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/
]]ykPÖu tMuifolwdkUonf vlewfjA[®m tjzpfudk awmifhwukef\? vªzG,f0w¬K
tvªcHyk*¾dKvf tvª\ tusdK;tmedoifudk csD;rGrf;ukef\? >rufqdk wrf;wukef\?
ylaZmfyoMuukef\? vlewfjA[®mtjzpf &rIudkpGJí umrwdkUudk wrf;wukef\/ xdkolwdkUonf
ylaZmfrIudk tm;xkwfMuukefaomfvnf; b0udk wyfpGef;rI ]wPSmjzifh} wyfrufukefaomaMumifh
y#doaEäerI tdkrIpaom 0#fqif;&Judk rvGefajrmufEdkifukef[k igqdk\}}/ (ck jref 1? 413/)
(okwåedygwf jrefrmjyef)
39/ þokwfonfvnf; b0wPSmaMumifh 0#fqif;&Judk rvGefajrmufEdkifaMumif;
a[mMum;awmfrlaom okwfjzpfayonf/ 31-bHk r½SdaMumif; þokwfü qdkxm;jcif; r½Sd½HkrQru 31-
bHk½SdaMumif;udkyif jyqdkaeayonf/ vlewfjA[®mtjzpf&vdkrIudk wrf;w>rufqdkí ylaZmftm;xkwfjcif;
b0wPSmaMumifh 0#fqif;&Judk rvGwfajrmufEdkif[k a[mxm;jcif;jzpf&m 31-bHk bk&m;a[mr½Sd[k
acsyvdkaom ocifjrwfqdkifonf 31-bHk bk&m;a[m½SdaeaMumif; om"uokwfrsm;udk xkwfazmfjyovsuf
½Sdaeayonf/
t*FkwådK&f? {uedygwf? {u"r®? wwd,0*f

41/ e0rajrmuf acsycsuftaejzifh ocifjrwfqdkifu t*FkwådK&f? {uedygwf? {um'or?
wwd,0*f ESm-46 wGif ygaom-
]]raumif;aom rpifrSefu tenf;i,frQyifjzpfap raumif;aom teHUtouf ½SdouJhodkU
b0[lonf tenf;i,faom b0udkyif igrcsD;rGrf;? t,kwfqHk; vufwpfzspfpm tcsdefüyif
xdkb0udk igrcsD;rGrf;}} (tif jref 1? 46/)

tpodkU
[laom pum;udk udk;um;í b0onf rpifuJhodkUwnf;[l wifjyxm;avonf/

41/ b0onf rpifuJhodkU ½GHzG,faumif;onfrSm rSefvSay\? þodkUrSefaomaMumifh b0½SdonfrSm
xif½Sm;vSayonf/ pk'dwuonf þokwfudk om"uûyjcif;tm;jzifh 31-bHk½SdaMumif;udk xkwfjyouJhodkU
jzpfaeayonf/
'd|d*wokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
42/ 'orajrmufacsycsuf taejzifh ocifjrwfqdkifu £wd0kwf? 'd|d*wokwfwGif yg½Sdaom
]]b0ESpfoufoltm;vHk; b0csKyf&ma[mvQif wGefUqkwf\? b0rêudufoluvnf; b0jywfjcif;udk tvdk½Sd\?
aovQifNyD;\[k xif\? pifppfaomfum; cE¨mig;yg;ü pGJvrf;rI (Oyg'gef) uif;atmif usifholtm;
rZÑdry#dy'gtusifhjzifh b0csKyf&m\}}[laom om"uudk xkwfí 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcHbufrS
ckcHumuG,fjyefavonf/
43/ pk'dwu udk;um;wifjyaom okwfonfvnf; b0r½SdyHkudk rjyqdk? b0½SdaeyHkudkom
jyqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ wifjycsufonf rl&if;ygVdawmfESif rnD½HkrQru t"dyÜg,fvnf; jynfhpHkrI r½Sdacs?
rl&if;ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef tjynfhtpHkrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/
]]&[ef;wdkU ESpfyg;aom 'd|dt,lwdkUjzifh ESdyfpufcH&aom ewfvl tcsdKUwdkUonf
wGefUwdkqkwfepfukef\? tcsdKUwdkUonfum; vGefíajy;oGm;ukef\? pu©Ktjrif½SdolwdkUonfum;
rZÑdry#dy'gjzifh rsufarSmufûyEdkifukef\/
&[ef;wdkU tb,fodkUvQif tcsdKUolwdkUonf wGefUwdkqkwfepfukefoenf;/ &[ef;wdkU
ewfvlwdkUonf b0vQif arGUavsmf&m½Sdukef\? b0ü arGUavsmfwwfukef\? b0ü
ESpfoufwwfukef\? xdkolwdkUtm; b0csKyf&eftwGuf w&m;a[majymonf½Sdaomf pdwfonf
rouf0if? rMunfvif? aumif;pGmrwnf? ESvHk;roGif;? &[ef;wdkU þodkUvQif tcsdKUolwdkUonf
wGefUwdkqkwfepfukef\/
&[ef;wdkU tb,fodkUvQif tcsdKUolwdkUonf vGefí ajy;oGm;ukefoenf;/ tcsdKUolwdkUonf
b0jzifhyifNiD;aiGUukef b0rS ½SufEdk;ukef b0üpufqkyfukefonfjzpfí b0uif;jywfjcif;udk
ESpfoufukef\/ tcsif;wdkU tusifhaMumifh þtwåonf cE¨mudk,fysufpD;í aoonfrSaemufü
jywf\? ysufpD;\? aoonfrSaemuf rjzpfawmh? þw&m;onf Nidrf;\? þw&m;onf jywf\?
þw&m;onf razmufrjyef rSefuefaom oabm ½Sd\? &[ef;wdkU þodkUvQif tcsdKUolwdkUonf
vGefíajy;ukef\/
&[ef;wdkU tb,fodkUvQif pu©Ktjrif½Sdaom olwdkUonf rZÑdry#dy'gjzifh
rsufarSmufûyEdkifukefoenf;/ þomoemawmfü &[ef;onf [kwfrSefaom cE¨mig;yg;udk
[kwfrSefaomtm;jzifh jrif\/ [kwfrSefaom cE¨mig;yg;udk [kwfrSefaomtm;jzifh jrifjcif;aMumifh

tpodkU
[kwfrSefaom cE¨mig;yg;udk NiD;aiGU&ef wyfjcif;uif;&ef csKyf&efusifh\/ &[ef;wdkU þodkUvQif

pu©Ktjrif½Sdaom olwdkYonf yZÑdry#dy'gjzifh rsufarSmufûyukef\? þteufoabmudk
jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrl\}}/ (ck jref?1? 208/)
(£wd0kwf? 'd|d*wokwf jrefrmjyef)
44/ þ'd|d*wokwf a'oemawmfonf rZÑdry#dy'gjzifh b0rS vGefajrmufyHkudk jyqdkaom
a'oemjzpfonf/ 31-bHkr½Sd[k a[mawmfrljcif; r[kwf? b0vQifarGUavsmf&m ½Sdukef\? b0ü
arGUavsmfwwfukef\? b0ü ESpfoufwwfukef\? [laom pum;&yfrsm;onf b0½SdaeyHkudk
xyfwvJvJjyqdkaom pum;&yfrsm; jzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh bk&m;a[m a'oemwGif 31-bHk trSefyg½SdaeonfrSm
,HkrSm;oHo, r½Sdtyfay/
'k||uokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
45/ {um'or om"utjzpf okwåedygwf? 'k||uokwfwGif vm½Sdaom ]]rdpäm'd|dt,ludk
y,fNyD;aom &[EÅmonf b0BuD; b0i,fwdkUü MuHpnfwwfaom rdpäm'd|dt,lr½Sd? xdkUaMumifh
tb,f*wdodkYrQ oGm;&efr½SdNyD}}[laom pum;&yfudk ocifjrwfqdkifu xkwfaqmifwifjyvmjyefonf/
xdkokwf\ rl&if;jrefrmjyef tjynfhtpHkrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/
]]wpfpHkwpfckaom avmuü rdpäm'd|dt,ltm;vHk;udk cgwGufypfvTifhaom &[EÅmyk*¾dKvftm;
b0BuD;i,fwdkUü trsdK;rsdK;MuHpnftyfaom rdpämt,lonfr½Sd? wPSm'd|dudk rrSDaom
xdkrdpämt,ltm;vHk;udk cgwGufypfvTifhNyD;aom &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfonf vSnfhywfrI ]]rm,m}
udkvnf;aumif;? axmifvTm;rI ]]rme}udkvnf;aumif; y,fpGefUNyD;í tb,fvm;&m*wdjzifh
oGm;&mtHhenf;/}} (ck jref?1? 397/)
(okwåedygwf? 'k||uokwf jrefrmjyef)
46/ þ'k||uokwf\ qdkvdk&if;rSm &[EÅmyk*¾dKvftm; vm;&m*wdr½Sd[kyif jzpfayonf/
Aswd&dwf (tjyeftvSef) tm;jzifh &[EÅmr[kwfao;aom ykxkZOf atmufzv|mefyk*¾dKvfwdkUtm;
vm;&m*wd½Sdao;onf[k jyqdk\? 31-bHkr½Sd[k rjyqdkay/
*k[|uokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
47/ 'Gg'or om"utjzpf ocifjrwfqdkifu okwåedygwf? *k[|uokwfawmfvm
]]wPSmt&if;cH wPSmtaMumif;t&if;jzpfaom b0ü om,mrIjzifh b0wPSm tcsnftaESmifcH&ol
owå0gwdkUonf twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefb0wdkU\ umrudk vdkvm;awmifhwukefvsuf
rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkifvnf; rvGwfvyf? tjcm;olwdkUudkvnf; rvGwfajrmufapEdkifacs}}[laom pum;udk
xkwfaqmif avQmufxm;avonf/

tpodkU
48/ þokwf\ qdkvdk&if;rSm b0wPSmaMumifh b0rS rvGwfajrmufEdkifyHkudk a[mawmfrlaom

a'oemjzpfayonf/ 31-bHkr½Sd[k jiif;uG,f&ef om"urajrmufay? 31-bHk½Sdaeonf[k axmufcHaom
om"uom jzpfaeayonf/
apawmcdvokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
49/ aw&or om"utjzpf ocifjrwfqdkifu apawmcdvokwfudk tudk;ûyíwifjyxm;onf/
]]þtusifh þoDvjzifh ewftrsdK;rsdK;aomfvnf;aumif;? ewfrif;aomfvnf;aumif; jzpf&awmhtHhrnf [lí
ESvHk;oGif;jcif; xdkewfjzpf&awmhtHh[k ewfpGJbHkb0jzifh usifhaomf þomoemawmfonf
pnfyifjyefUajymjcif;iSm rjzpfNyD}}[k wifjyNyD; þonfrSm omoemawmf arS;rSdefrnf[k qdkvdkygonfbk&m;[k
avQmufxm;oGm;avonf/
50/ apawmcdvokwf\ rl&if;jrefrmjyefrSm ocifjrwfqdkifwifjy ouJhodkU r[kwfay? xdkUaMumifh
tjynfhtpHkudk azmfjytyfayonf/
]]&[ef;wdkU þtusifhoDvjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? þusifh0wfjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;?
þtm;xkwfrIjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? þarxkefrS a½SmifMuOfrIjzifhaomfvnf;aumif; igonf
ewfaomfvnf; jzpf&tHhç ewfrsdK;wGif tygt0ifaomfvnf; jzpf&tHh[k ewftrsdK;tpm; wpfyg;yg;udk
awmifhwí jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhaom&[ef;\ pdwfonf pí tm;xkwfjcif;
tBudrfBudrftm;xkwfjcif; rjywftm;xkwfjcif; vGefpGmtm;xkwfjcif;iSm rñGwfay? þodkUjzpfjcif;onf
xdk&[ef;rjzwf&ao;aom ig;ckajrmufaom pdwf\taESmiftzGJU jzpf\}} (r jref 1? 151/)
(rlvyPÖmo? apawmcdvokwf jrefrmjyef)
51/ þapawmcdvokwfonf ewftrsdK;udk awmifhwí usifhaom &[ef;\
pdwftaESmiftzGJUjzpfaeyHk jyqdkaomokwfjzpfonf/ 31-bHk bk&m;y,faMumif; vHk;0rygay? ewftrsdK;tpm;
wpfyg;yg;udk azmfjyyg½Sdaom okwfawmfudk tudk;tum;om"u ûyrdaomtm;jzifh 31-bHk bk&m;ry,faMumif;
31-bHk ½SdaMumif;udkyif pk'dwuwdkUtzdkU oG,f0dkufí 0efcH&m a&mufaeayonf/
arxkeokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
52/ pk'ór om"utjzpf ocifjrwfqdkifu owåuedygwf? arxkeokwfudk xkwfaqmifí
]]ewftjzpfudk om,mjcif; tvdk½Sdjcif;onf þjrwfaom omoem\ tusifhü usdK;aygufjcif;yifwnf;/
Zmwd Z&m r&PrS rvGwf? 'ku©rS rvGwfajrmufEdkif}}[k wifjyvsuf 31-bHk r½SdaMumif;
umuG,fxm;avonf? rl&if;jrefrmjyefESifhvnf; udkufnDrI r½Sdacs/
53/ arxkeokwf\ rl&if;jrefrmjyef t"dyÜg,f tjynfhtpHkrSm þodkUjzpfonf/
]]xdkorPjA[®Ponf xdkewf\tjzpfudk om,m\? xdkewf\ tjzpfudk tvdk½Sd\?

tpodkU
xdkewf\ tjzpfüomvQif ESpfoufjcif;odkU a&muf\/ ykPÖm; þodkUom,mrIonfvnf;

jrwfaomtusifh\ usdK;rI aygufrI ajymufrI usm;rIyifrnf\/ ykPÖm; þorPjA[®PrsdK;udk
arxkefpyf,SOfrIü ,SOfonfjzpfí rpifMu,faom jrwfaom tusifhudk usifhol[k qdktyf\/
y#doaEäejcif; tdkjcif; aojcif; ylaqG;jcif; idka<u;jcif; qif;&Jjcif; ESvHk;rom,mjcif;
jyif;pGmyifyef;jcif;wdkUrS rvGwfol qif;&JrS rvGwf[lí igqdk\}}/ (tif jref?2/ 555/)
(t*FkwådK&f? owåuedygwf? arxkeokwf jrefrmjyef)
54/ þarxkeokwf\ qdkvdk&if;onf ewftjzpfudk om,maomf jrwfaomtusifh
usdK;aygufajymufusm;yHkudk jyqdkí 0#f'ku©rS rvGwfuif;EdkifyHkudk a[mMum;aom a'oemjzpfonf/
ewftjzpf[k qdkaomaMumifh 31-bHk½SdaeaMumif;rSm xif½Sm;jyefayonf/
a'0avmuokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
55/ yEé&orajrmuf aemufqHk;om"utjzpf ocifjrwfqdkifu t*FkwådK&fwduedygwf?
a'0avmuokwf ESm 131-wGifvmaom jrefrmjyefudk udk;um;wifjyoGm;avonf/
]]wpfyg;&Sdaom t,l½Sdukefaom y&dAdkZfu oifwdkUonf &[ef;a*gwrxH0,f
ewfjynfüjzpfjcif; tusdK;iSm þjrwfaomtusifhudk usifhoavm[k ar;ukefjim;tHh? þtar;onf
½SufEdk;ukef&monf r[kwfavm? pufqkyfukef&monf r[kwfavm? &[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf
ewfjzpfjcif;ü NiD;aiGUukefaomf ½SufEdk;ukefaomf pufqkyfukefaomf ewfüjzpfaom tqif;
ewfüjzpfaom csrf;omü NiD;aiGUukefaomf &[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf a½S;OD;uyifvQif um, 0pD raem
'kp½dkufwdkUudkyg NiD;aiGU&m\? pufqkyf&m\? ½SufEdk;&m\}} (tif jref 1? 131/)
56/ þtudk;om"u a'0avmuokwfü t"dyÜg,fonfvnf; pk'dwu tvdk½Sdtyfaom 31-
bHkudk Ak'¨vufrcH[k xGufrvmay/ ewfb0ü awmifhwjcif; wyfrufjcif; r½SdoifhyHkudk
a[mjyawmfrlaomaMumifh pkwd'u\ tvdkESifh qefUusifbufjzpfaom ewfb0½Sdonf (ewfb0tygt0if
31-bHk ½Sdonf) [laom t"dyÜg,fodkUom oufa&mufaejcif; jzpfayonf/
57/ þtrSwf-3 apm'emü apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUu ]]OD;Ouú|ESifhaemufvdkufwdkUonf 31-bHkudk
bk&m;a[mygvsuf ra[mav[ef vkyfMuHpGyfpGJaeygonf}}[k pGJqdk wifjyjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkpGJqdkcsufudk
acsy&mwGif pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifonf ]]Ak'önf b0udk tm;ray;? b0udk y,fonf}}[laom acsycsufudk
vufudkifûyí 15-Budrfwdwd ckcHumuG,foGm;avonf/ þuJhodkU okwfaygif; t&mtaxmif
udk;um;aomfvnf; okwf\qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,fudk rodbJ udk;rdrSm;aomaMumifh udk,fhwGif;udk wl;&mom
a&mufaeawmh\/
58/ ocifjrwfqdkif udk;um;wifjyaom okwfawmfrsm;onf 31-bHkudk Ak'¨vufrcH[k t"dyÜg,f
r&½SdbJ 31-bHkudk wG,fwm wyfrufaevQif b0rS rvGwfajrmufEdkif[laom t"dyÜg,frsdK;om &½Sdí 31-bHk

tpodkU
xif½Sm;½SdaeaMumif; bk&m;a[mygVdawmfwGif 31-bHk trSefyif ½SdaeaMumif; tajzxGufavonf/ xdkUaMumifh

ocifjrwfqdkifonf apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ pGJqdkcsufudk ajyvnfatmif ajz½Sif;acsyjcif; rûyEdkifonfudk
awGU&ayonf/
OD;cif[ef\ acsyvTmudk oHk;oyfcsuf

59/ ,ckwpfzef or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf\ acsycsufudkvnf; aumufEkwfazmfjyí
pdppfoHk;oyf&ayrnf/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf\ Ouú|jzpfol pk'dwu OD;cif[efu apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;
rlvpGJqdkcsuf tydk'faygif; ½Spfck&Sdonfhteuf (u) (c) (*) (C) (i) (p) ESifh (Z) trSwfjy pmydk'frsm;udk
vHk;0ajzqdkjcif;rûybJ (q)trSwfyg tcsufudkom acsy ½Sif;vif;avonf/
60/ ½Sif;vif;yHkrSm apm'ut½SifjrwfwdkUonf tpGJûywfwJukyfa½Teef;awmfpmtkyfrS rdrdvdk&m
pmydk'fudk qGJxkwfNyD; rSm;,Gif;pGm apm'emxm;aMumif; tñGefUwufum tpGJûywfwJukyfa½Teef;awmfpmtkyf
pmrsufESm-52wGif a&;om;xm;aom OD;Ouú|\ pmtkyfudk azmfjyavQmufxm;avonf/
(q) wefcdk;jym#d[mwdkUudkvnf;aumif; ewfqdk;ewf0g;ESifh ewfaumif;? ewfjrwfwdkUudk
vnf;aumif;? ewfjynf jA[®mjynfESifh ,rrif;\ tifydkif,mEdkifiHawmfBuD;rsm;udk
vnf;aumif; ,HkMunfrIonf vlom;\ OD;aESmufudk azmufjyef acsmufcsm;apí
þuyÜmavmuBuD;udk t½l;axmiftjzpfodkU a&mufapcJhonf/
(tpGJûywfwJukyf a½Teef;awmfpmtkyf ESm-54)
þum; rlvpGJcsuf jzpfavonf/
62/ ,if;pGJcsufwGifygaom wefcdk;jym#d[mESifh ywfoufí or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUu-
]]q&mawmf t½SifOuú| a&;om;azmfjyaom wefcdk;jym#d[mESifh txufatmufbHkwdkUonf
xm0&bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk;jym#d[mESifh txufatmufbHkwdkUomjzpfaMumif; tuGif;tuGif;
rkefUwD[if;uJhodkU ½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif;BuD; ay:vGifaeygonf bk&m;}}
[lí qifajcay;Mu½HkrQru apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;udkyif xm0&bk&m;bufu a½SUaevdkufolrsm;tjzpf
jyuf&,fûyoGm;Muavonf/
62/ þwGif 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf apm'uESifh pk'dwursm; ESpfzuf tudk;tum;ûyí
wifjyMuaom OD;Ouú|\ ]]tpGJûywf wJukyf a½Teef;awmf}}pmtkyfudk aocsmpGm avhvmMunfh½I&mwGif
atmufygpmydk'fudk xif½Sm;pGm awGUMu&avonf/
]]xdkrQru xdkbmomBuD;av;&yfwdkUonf ESpfoufzG,faumif;vSaom aumif;uifbHkESifh
aMumufrufzG,faumif;vSaom i&JwdkUudk zefqif;cJhMuukef\}}
(tpGJûywfwJukyf a½Teef;awmf 62)

tpodkU
63/ þtpGJûywfwJukyfa½Teef;awmfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 62-yg þbmomBuD;av;&yf[laom

pum;udkaxmufí or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUu qifajcay;ouJhodkU xm0&bk&m;ocif\
wefcdk;jym#d[mwpfckudkom qdkvdkjcif;jzpfaMumif; ,lqEdkifzG,fr½Sdacs/ [dE´Lç c&pf,mefç tpövmrfESifh
Ak'¨bmom[laom bmomBuD; av;rsdK;vHk;udkyif OD;Ouú|u rausreyfjzpfNyD; tremya&;xm;aMumif;rSm
xif½Sm;ayonf/ xdkUaMumifh tpGJûywfwJukyf a½Teef;awmfpmtkyfrS aumufEkwfazmfjyaom
apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ pGJqdkcsufonf rSefuefwdusaom pGJcsufjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;vSayonf/
vufjzpfygVdtrSm;
64/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u ]]awmifwGif;BuD; OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkUonf 31-bHkonf
wu,fr½Sd pdwful;,Of Oyg'geftpGJrQom jzpfonf[k qdkonfhtjyif bk&m;a[mr[kwfaom
(avmuork',Íötw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d) [laom vufjzpfygVdrSm vufjzpft"dyÜg,f
t,ltqtrSm;wdkUudk bk&m;a[m jzpfav[efyif vdrfnmí qdkxm;Muygonf bk&m;}}[lí
pGJcsufwifxm;Muavonf/ xdkpGJcsufudk þu@ü pk'dwuwdkUbufrS wpfpHkwpf&mjyefvnf acsyjcif;
rûyMuay/
65/ ,if;ygVdudk þ½Hk;awmfodkU wifjyxm;aom oufaocHpmtkyfrsm;wGif ½SmazGMunfh½I&m
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS twGif;a&;rª;OD;udkudkav; ûypkaom ]]31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH}} trnf½Sd
pmtkyftwGif;rsufESmzHk;wGif a½SUwef;wifí atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/
upöm,e . . .
avmuork',Íö tw¬d?
avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d/
(Ak'ä*gwr)
66/ þ 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcHpmtkyfudk or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS oabmw&m;a&;wm0efcH
em,uBuD; (tbd"r®m q&mpdef wnf;jzwfonf)[k azmfjyxm;NyD; A[dkobmywdtzGJU Ouú|BuD; OD;wifu
trSmpm ed'gef;a&;om;xm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/ þygVdtrSm;udk tbd"r®m q&mpdef ûypkaom
]]or®m'd|dokawoeESifh a&eHacsmif; ta&;awmfyHk}} pmtkyf? ESm 62-wGifvnf; bk&m;a[mygVd jzpfav[ef
rSm;,Gif;pGm azmfjyxm;ayonf/
xdkygVdudk teufjrefrm jyefqdk&ygvQif-
]]tdk upöm,e avmu\jzpfaMumif; wPSmonfvnf; ½Sd\/ avmu\ csKyf&m
edAÁmefonfum; r½Sd}}
þodkU t"dyÜg,fjzpfaeí q&mawmfwdkU tvGefwkefvIyfacsmufcsm;rdayonf? edum,fig;&yf
yd#uwfoHk;oG,f oH*g,em 6-wefwif usrf;pmwdkUü ydkufpdwfwdkufí ½SmazGMunfh½Iygaomfvnf;

tpodkU
rnfonfhusrf;*efwGifrS rawGU½Sd&/ odkUygvsuf xdkpk'dwuwdkU\ vufjzpfyHkrSm;½dkufygVd\ atmufrS

(Ak'ä*gwr)[k xifxif½Sm;½Sm;BuD; a&;jyxm;onfrSmvnf; bmoma&;udk ½dk;½dk;om;om; avhvmolrsm;tzdkU
BuDrm;aom tEÅ&m,fBuD;wpfckyif jzpfaeayonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / þtaMumif;udk apm'emtrSwf (18)udk oHk;oyfonfhtcg tus,fa0zefí
½Sif;vif;jyqdkrnf jzpfonf/
0daooapm'em pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf
67/ ,ckwzef apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ 0daooapm'emudk pDppfoHk;oyf jy&ayOD;rnf/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf þtrSwf(3) apm'emESifh ywfoufí 31-bHk½SdaMumif; cdkifvHkaom
tudk;om"ursm;udk xkwfaqmifay;&ef awmif;qdkcJh&m apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u 0daooapm'emtjzpf
bk&m;a[musrf;*efrsm;udk tcdkiftrm wifoGif;jyqdkoGm;ayonf/
,if;odkUwifoGif;&mü t*FkwådK&f{uedygwf? {u"r®ygVd? q|rl pmrsufESm 39-ESifh ,if;\ jrefrmjyef
ESm 48-udk axmufí-
(u) vlaoewfjzpfenf;yg;í tyg,fbHkü tjzpfrsm;yHkudkvnf;aumif;?
(c) vlaovljzpf enf;yg;í tyg,fbHkü tjzpfrsm;yHkudkvnf;aumif;?
"r®[',0dbif;ygVd q|rlç ESm 427-ESifh 436-udk axmufí-
(*) umr 11-bHk ½SdaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;?
(C) ½ly 16-bHk ½SdaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;?
(i) t½ly 4-bHk ½SdaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;?
"r®[',0dbif;ygVd q|rlç ESm 437-udk axmufí-
(p) 'ge oDv OaygoxaMumifh ewfjynfajcmufxyf a&mufEdkifyHkudk vnf;aumif;?
o|dedygwf? oHudpöZmwf ESm 60-udk axmufí-
(q) i&J½SdaMumif;udk vnf;aumif;
toD;oD; oufaoom"u wifjycJhayonf/ xdkapm'u q&mawmfwdkU wifjyudk;um;aom om"uwdkUonf
31-bHkESifhywfoufí tvGefcdkifrmaom om"ursm; jzpfMuayonf/
31-bHk0g'[laom pum;udk pdppfcsuf

68/ NyD;cJhaom pum;&yfwdkUjzifh 31-bHkqdkif&m þtrSwf (3)apm'emESifh pyfvsOf;í
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ pGJqdkwifjycsufudk acsyaom pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ acsycsufudk a0zefpdppfjyjcif;ç
apm'emyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ 0daooapm'emudk a0zefpdppfjyjcif; þudpöESpf&yf NyD;jywfcJhayNyD/ ,ckwpfzef
qufvufí 31-bHkjyóemESifh pyfvsOf;NyD; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ oD;jcm;okH;oyfcsufudk azmfjyaytHh/

tpodkU
]]31-bHk0g'}}[laom pum;&yfü 31-bHkESifh 0g'[laom pum;ESpf&yf yg½Sdonf/ 31-bHktaMumif;udk

a½SUwGifazmfjyrnf jzpfonf/ ,ck 0g'[laom pum;udk ½Sif;vif;aytHh/
69/ 0g'qdkonfrSm ,ckacwfü jrefrma0g[m& pum;vHk;tjzpf wGifus,faeaomfvnf;
rl&if;bmomtm;jzifh ygVdpum;vHk; jzpfonf/ «0'"mwf+Pypönf;jzifh NyD;aomyk'fwnf;»
,if;0g'[laom ygVdpum;\ teufrSm t&mXmeodkUvdkufí teuf (7)rsdK; xGuf½Sdayonf? ,if;
teuf(7)rsdK;wdkUum;-
(u) pum;[laomteuf?
(c) ajymqdkjcif;[laomteuf?
(*) tjypfa'go[laomteuf?
(C) t,l[laomteuf?
(i) rdpämÓPf[laomteuf?
(p) ajymqdkonfh t&if;cHapwem [laomteuf?
(q) tjiif;tcHkpum;[laom teufwdkY jzpfayonf/
70/ t*Fvdyfbmom tpfZif (ISM) [laom pum;vHk;udk jrefrmjyefqdkaomtcg 0g'[lí
jyefqdkMuonf? om"utm;jzifh (qdk½S,fvpfZif;=qdk½S,fvpf0g'? uGefjrLepfZif;=uGefjrLepf0g') ponfwdkU
jzpfayonf/ ,if; tpfZif[laom pum;udk zGifhqdkMu&mü vufawGUaqmif½GufrI ponfwdkUjzpfonf/
txufyg t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkcsufrsm;t& toifhavsmfqHk;udk ,lonf½Sdaomf þü
0g'[laompum;vHk;\ teufrSm ]pum;} odkYr[kwf ]t,l} [lí jzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh 31-bHk 0g'[l&mü
]31-bHkqdkif&mpum;} odkUr[kwf ]]31-bHkqdkif&mt,l}}[lí jzpfayonf/
þt"dyÜg,ft& 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH[laom a&;om;csuf\ teufudk zGifhqdkonf½Sdaomf 31-
bHkESifh pyfaompum;ç t,l[k qdk&ma&mufayonf/ þonfum; 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH[laom
a0g[m&ESifh ywfoufí ½Sif;vif;csufaywnf;/
31-bHkpm&if;
71/ txufwGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyonfh tudk;om"ursm;udk aocsmpGmzwf½IygvQif
31-bHkudk Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; vufcHonfhtaMumif; (bk&m;a[ma'oemwGif 31-bHk xif½Sm;½SdaMumif;)udk
odomEdkifayNyD? ydkrdkíodomxif½Sm;ap&ef tenf;i,fpdppfí azmfjyaytHh? 31-bHk qdkonfrSm atmufygwdkUyif
jzpfMuayonf/
(1) i&JbHk?
(2) wd&pämefbHk?
(3) NydwåmbHk?

tpodkU
(4) tok&um,fbHk?
(5) vlUbHk?
(6) pmwkr[m&mZf ewfbHk?
(7) wm0wðom ewfbHk?
(8) ,mrm ewfbHk?
(9) wkodwm ewfbHk?
(10) edr®me&wd ewfbHk?
(11) y&edr®dw0o0wåd ewfbHk?
(12) jA[®yg&doZÆm jA[®mbHk?
(13) jA[®yka&m[dwm jA[®mbHk?
(14) r[mjA[®m jA[®mbHk?
(15) y&dwåmbm jA[®mbHk?
(16) tyÜrmPm jA[®mbHk?
(17) tmbó&m jA[®mbHk?
(18) y&dwåokbm jA[®mbHk?
(19) tyÜrmPokbm jA[®mbHk?
(20) okbudPSm jA[®mbHk?
(21) a0[yædKvf jA[®mbHk?
(22) tonowf jA[®mbHk?
(23) t0d[m jA[®mbHk?
(24) twyÜm jA[®mbHk?
(25) ok'óm jA[®mbHk?
(26) ok'óD jA[®mbHk?
(27) tued| jA[®mbHk?
(28) tumomeÍöm,we jA[®mbHk?
(29) 0dnmPÍöm,we jA[®mbHk?
(30) tmudÍönm,we jA[®mbHk?
(31) ae0onmemonm,we jA[®mbHk/

tpodkU
72/ þ 31-bHkpm&if;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom ygVdawmfrS

aumufEkwfazmfjyxm;aom pm&if;jzpfayonf/ ,if;ygVdawmfBuD;rsm;udk rrDrurf; rMunfhr½IEdkifolrsm;u-
]]¤if; 31-bHkonf Ak'ä*gwr y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmfrlNyD; ESpfaygif; 956-ESpf tMum;wGifrS
oD[dkVf t½SiftEk½k'¨gûypka&;om;aom tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf; (0g) oû*Ø[fusrf;üom vmonf}}
[k rSwfcsufûyí wm0efrJh ajymqdka&;om;Muavonf/
31-bHkESifh ywfoufí tcsufoHk;csuf

73/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;awmfrsm;udk ûcHíavhvmMunfhvQif 31-
bHkESifhywfoufí tcsufoHk;csufudk awGU&onf/
(u) yxrtcsuf 31-bHk 31-b0 {uefrkcs½Sdonfh taMumif;udk a[mMum;jcif; jzpfonf/
(c) 'kwd,tcsuf 31-bHkom;wdkUtzdkU txdkuftavsmuf BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&; enf;vrf;rsm;udk
a[mMum;jcif;jzpfonf/
(*) wwd,tcsuf 31-bHk? 31-b0wdkUudk rwG,fwmapbJ vGwfajrmufrI enf;vrf;udk
a[mMum;awmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
74/ ½Sif;OD;tHh? 31-bHk? 31-b0½SdaMumif; a[mMum;jcif;onfum; Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf
avmu0d'l*kPfawmfESifhtnD t½Sdudkt½Sdtwdkif; a[mawmfrljcif;yif jzpfonf/ xdk 31-bHk? 31-b0onf
þurÇmüomru ,cifh,cif urÇmYurÇmwdkUüvnf; ½SdcJhzl;NyD; jzpfonf/ ,ckvuf½Sd urÇmüvnf;
½Sdaeonfyif jzpfonf/ aemif tawmrowf vmvwåHUaom urÇmYurÇmwdkUüvnf; ½Sdaevdrfhrnfom
jzpfonf/ om"utm;jzifh avmutwGif;ü ajronfvnf;aumif;ç a&onfvnf;aumif;ç
avonfvnf;aumif;ç rD;onfvnf;aumif; ½SdNyD; ½SdqJ ½SdvwåHU jzpfouJhodkUaywnf;/
wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf 31-bHkonf MoumoavmuBuD; jzpfaomaMumifhaywnf;/
75/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhawmfrlvmaomtcg avmuESifh b0rS xGufajrmufa&;twGuf
t"duOD;wnfcsuf xm;aomfvnf; ½SdESifhaeaom avmuESifh b0udk taMumif;wdkufqdkifovdk
xkwfazmfa[mMum;&onfrSm obm0usaom tcsufyif jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkU\
jzpfysufûyjyifajymif;vJaeaom aMumif;usdK;quf obm0"r® (tbd"r®m)ynmudk azmfxkwf&mü 31-bHk? 31-
b0wdkUonf ynm&yf\ toHk;cHypönf;rsm; jzpfvmayonf/
76/ 31-bHkom;wdkU taejzifh yg&rD tEkt&ifhvdkufí b0rS vHk;0rxGufajrmufEdkifao;onfh
Mum;umvwGif txdkuftavsmuf BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&; enf;vrf;rsm;udkvnf; Ak'ü a[mMum;xkwfazmfawmf
rlcJh&ayonf/ Oyrm- orÜ'gw&m;ç r*Fvmw&m;ç od*Fgavm0g'okwfpaom w&m;rsdK;udk
a[mMum;awmfrljcif;yif jzpfonf/ xdkw&m;rsm;udk vdkufemusifhoHk;olwdkif; txdkuftavsmuf trSefyif
BuD;yGm;csrf;omrIudk &½SdMuayonf/ rnfonfhusrf;*efyd#uwfwGifrS ]]bk&m;[lu 0drkwådudkom a[monf}}[k

tpodkU
tqdkr½Sdacs/
77/ þwGif tvsOf;oifhí qdk&ayOD;rnf? Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk opömav;yg;w&m;ç tewåw&m;ç
y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m; þw&m;oHk;rsdK;avmufudkom a[mMum;cJhaom bk&m;tjzpf ajyma[ma&;om; 0g'jzefUí
aeolrsm;onf uREkfyfwdkU\ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk-
(u) rjynfhpHkaom bk&m;tjzpfodkUvnf;aumif;?
(c) wpf,loef bk&m;tjzpfodkUvnf;aumif;?
(*) avmuom;tm;vHk;wdkU\ aus;Zl;½Sifr[kwf? edAÁmef&&m&aMumif; wpfckwnf;udkom
tm;xkwfol (vlenf;pk) wdkU\ aus;Zl;½Sif bk&m;tjzpfodkUvnf;aumif;?
wGef;ydkUvsuf ½Sdayonf/
þodkUûyvkyfjcif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;udkvnf; tBuD;tus,f jypfrSm;&ma&mufonf?
yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;udkvnf; zsufqD;&ma&mufayonf/
78/ pd&H wd|wk o'är®m [lí Ak'¨bmom0iftm;vHk; awmifhwvsuf½Sdaom o'¨r®
(olawmfaumif;w&m;)onf-
(u) avmud,o'¨¨r®=avmuDqdkif&m olawmfaumif;w&m;?
(c) avmukwå&mo'¨r®=avmurS vGwfajrmufa&;qdkif&m olawmfaumif;w&m;
[lí 2-rsdK; ½Sdayonf/
avmud,o'¨r®qdkonfrSm 'ge oDvw&m;rsm;ç jA[®pdk&fw&m;rsm;ç r*Fvm od*Fgavm0g' ponfwdkU
yg0ifayonf/ avmurS vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í a[mMum;awmfrlaom avmukwå&mo'¨r®
w&m;awmfrsm;onfvnf; xdkxdkbk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;ü tajrmuftrsm; yg½Sdayonf/ txl;ojzifh
r[mowdy|meokwfawmfonf b0rS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf vufawGUvrf;ñTefjyaom usifhvrf;
MuHvrf;w&m;awmfyif jzpfayonf/ owdy|mefw&m;udk bk&m;½Siftvdkawmftwdkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfolonf
r*¾opömvrf;pOfay:odkU trSefyif a&muf½SdEdkifayonf/ þum; 31-bHkESifhywfoufí odrSwfzG,f&m
tcsufoHk;csufaywnf;/
31-bHk½SdaMumif; om"ursm;
79/ edum,fig;&yfç yd#uwfoHk;yHkwGif 31-bHkç 31-b0 ½SdaMumif; a[mxm;aom ygVdawmf
tajrmuftrsm;udk yd#uwfusrf;*ef oifMum;zl;olwdkif; awGU½SdrSwfom; EdkifMuayonf/ odom½Hk
aumufEkwfazmfjy&aomf-
£wd0kwf ygVdawmfwGif-
aw 0¹k,EÅd ed&,H? wd&pämeÍö a,meda,m?
tok&H aywåd0do,H? trkwåm rm&AEëm/ (ck-1? 257/)

tpodkU
[lívnf;aumif;
aewådygVdawmfwGif-
ed&,*grD ra*¾g wd&pämea,med*grD ra*¾g aywåd0do,*grD ra*¾g tok&a,meda,m ra*¾g
o*¾*grda,m ra*¾g rEkó*grD ra*¾g/ (ck-10? 62/)
[lívnf;aumif;
a[mxm;onfudk awGU&ayonf? þ £wd0kwf ygVdawmfESifh aewådygVdawmfvm a'oemawmfrsm;t&
tyg,fav;bHk ewfjynf 6-xyf vlUbHktm;jzifh-umr 11-bHk txift½Sm;½SdaMumif; odEdkifayonf/
wpfzef t*Fkwå&ygVd? wduedygwf? ESm-213? 214? 215 wGifvnf;aumif;? 0dbif;ygVdawmf? ESm 437?
438? 439 wGifvnf;aumif; ewfjynf 6-xyfudk trnfESifhwuG oufwrf;udkyg ,SOfwGJí
a[mMum;xm;onfudk awGU½SdEdkifayonf/
0dbif;ygVdawmf? ESm-439? 440? 441 wGif jA[®m 20-wdkU\ trnfudk oufwrf;ESifhwuG
a[mMum;xm;onfudk awGU½SdEdkifayonf/ þygVdawmft& 31-bHk trSefyif½Sdaeonf qdkaomtcsufudk
oHo,uif;pGm vufcH,HkMunfxdkufayonf/
,rdkufygVdawmfvm 31-bHkrsm;
80/ txufazmfjyyg ygVdawmfrsm;tjyif ,rdkufygVdawmf? Moumo0g&? yk*¾avmumo
0g&rsm;üvnf; 31-bHkwdkU\trnfudk Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfwvJvJ a[mxm;onfudk awGU½SdEdkifayonf/
tenf;i,f xkwfazmfí jy&ygvQif-
(u) cE¨,rdkuf ygVdawmf yxrpmtkyf ESm-31? 32 wGif (tonoawå) (yÍöa0guma&)
(t½lay) [laom trnfemrwdkUudk wyfí a[mxm;aomaMumifh tonowfbHk?
yÍöa0gum&bHk? t½lybHkwdkU ½SdaMumif;udk odEdkifayonf/
(c) tm,we,rdkuf? ygVdawmf? yxrtkyf? ESm 48-wGif (½lyg0pa&) (umrm0pa&)
(tonoawå) [laom trnfemrwdkUudkwyfí a[mxm;aomaMumifh ½lyjA[®mbHk?
umr0p&bHk? tonowf jA[®mbHkwdkU ½SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; tm,we,rdkufudk
axmufí odEdkifayonf/
(*) opö,rdkufygVdawmf? yxrtkyf? ESm-213? 215-wGif (tonoawå) (pwka0guma&)
(yÍöa0guma&) (tyga,) [laom trnfemrrsm;udk wyfí a[mxm;aomaMumifh
tonowf jA[®mbHk? cE¨mav;yg; ½SdaombHk? cE¨mig;yg;½SdaombHk? tyg,fbHkwdkU
½SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; opö,rdkufudkaxmufí odEdkifayonf/
(C) ocFg&,rdkuf? 'kwd,pmtkyf? ESm-7-wGif (yXrZÑmae) (½lyg0pa&) (t½lyg0pa&) [laom
trnfemrwdkYudk wyfía[mxm;aomaMumifh ½lyg0p&bHk? t½lyg0p&bHkrsm;

tpodkU
½Sdaeonfqdkaom tcsufudk ocFg&,rdkufudk axmufqí odEdkifayonf/

(i) "r®,rdkuf ygVdawmf? wwd,pmtkyf? ESm-9-wGif (tonoawå) (pwka0guma&)
(yÍöa0guma&) [laom trnfemrwdkUudk wdkuf½dkuf a[mxm;aomaMumifh tonowf
jA[®mbHk? cE¨mig;yg;½SdaombHk cE¨m av;yg; ½SdaombHkrsm;udkvnf; "r®,rdkufudk
axmufpí odEdkifayonf/
(p) £È´d, ,rdkuf ygVdawmf? wwd,pmtkyf? ESm-124-wGif (tonoawå) (t½lay)
(yÍöa0guma&) [laom trnfwdkUudk wdkuf½dkuf a[mxm;aomaMumifh cE¨mwpfyg;½Sdaom
tonowfbHk? cE¨mav;yg;½Sdaom t½lybHk? cE¨mig;yg;½Sdaom yÍöa0gum&bHkwdkU
½SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; £È´d, ,rdkufudk axmufqí odEdkifjyefayonf/
(q) tEko, ,rdkufygVdawmf? wwd,pmtkyf? ESm-61-wGif (½ly"mwk,m) (t½ly"mwk,m)
(umr"mwk,m) [laom trnfudk oHk;oyfí a[mxm;aomaMumifh ½ly 16-bHk? t½ly
4-bHk? umr 11-bHk tm;jzifh 31-bHk trSefyif ½SdaMumif;udk tEko,,rdkufudk axmufqí
odEdkifayonf/
þum; 31-bHk ½SdaMumif; t>rufrQazmfjyvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/ ,rdkuf ygVdawmf wpfusrf;vHk;wGif
31-bHk trnfrsm;udk tBudrfrsm;pGm a[mxm;cJhayonf? txl;ojzifh rlvyPÖmo ygVdawmf?
omav,suokwfwGif 31-bHkwdkU\ trnfrsm;ESifh a&mufaMumif;w&m;rsm;udk twdtvif;
a[mMum;xm;cJhayonf/
31-bHka&mufaMumif;w&m;rsm;
81/ 31-bHk½SdaMumif;udk jyqdkNyD;aemuf ,ckwzef 31-bHka&mufaMumif; w&m;rsm;udkvnf;
jyqdk&ayOD;rnf/ 31-bHkudk trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;MunfhvQif 'k*¾wdbHk? ok*wdbHk[lí 2-rsdK; 2-pm; uGJjym;onfudk
awGU&ayonf/ tyg,fav;bHkudk 'k*¾wdbHk[k ac:í? usefbHkrsm;udk ok*wdbHk[k ac:qdkonf/
(u) t"r®p&d,m=rw&m;usifhjcif; (tukodkvfapwem)
(c) 0dorp&d,m=rnDrrQusifhjcif; (tukodkvfapwem)
wdkUaMumifh tyg,fbHkodkU usa&mufEdkifaMumif; rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf? omav,suokwfwGif
atmufygtwdkif; a[mxm;cJhayonf/
]]t"r®p&d,m0dorp&d,ma[wk acg *[ywa,m {0rda"uapö owåm um,ó ab'g
y&H r&Pm tyg,H 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆEÅd}} (r? 1? 354/)
jrefrmjyef
]]ol<u,fwdkU rw&m;rI? rrQwrIudk ûyvkyfjcif; taMumif;aMumifh þavmuü tcsdKUaom
owå0gwdkUonf udk,fcE¨mysufpD;í aoonfrSaemufü csrf;omuif;aom? raumif;aom vm;&m

tpodkU
ysufpD;í us&mi&JodkU a&mufMu&ukef\}}/ (rjref 1? 467/)

82/ ok*wdbHkb0odkU a&mufEdkifjcif;\ taMumif;rSmvnf;-
(u) "r®p&d,m=w&m;ojzifh usifhjcif; (ukodkvfapwem)
(c) orp&d,m=nDrQpGm usifhjcif; (ukodkvfapwem)
wdkUaMumifh jzpfaMumif; rlvyPÖmoygVdawmfwGif atmufygtwdkif; a[mxm;cJhayonf/
]]"r®p&d,morp&d,ma[wk acg *[ywa,m {0rda"uapö owåm um,ó ab'g y&H
r&Pm ok*wð o*H¾ avmuH OyyZÆEÅd}} (r? 1? 355/)
jrefrmjyef
]]ol<u,fwdkU w&m;rI? rQwrIudk ûyvkyfjcif; taMumif;aMumifh þavmuü tcsdKUaom
owå0gwdkUonf udk,fcE¨mysufpD;í aoonfrSaemufü aumif;aomolwdkU\ vm;&m ewfjynfodkU
a&mufMuukef\}}/ (rjref 1? 366-7/)
rSwfcsuf/ / þrlvyPÖmo ygVdawmf? omav,suokwfwGif tyg,fbHk? ewfjynf 6-xyf? jA[®mbHk
20-wdkU\ trnfESifhwuG a&mufaMumif; w&m;rsm;udkyg twdtvif; a[mMum;xm;ayonf/
31-bHky,f 0g'udk pdppfjcif;

þ 31-bHky,f0g'onf vlaovljzpf0g'D OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvdkuf wynfhtcsdKU\
0g'jzpfonf/ xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf 31-bHk0g'? Ak'¨vufrcHaom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk a&;om;jzefUa0jcif;ç
a[majymjcif;rsm; ûyvkyfaeMuaomfvnf; pifppfrl Ak'ÿd#uwfawmfrsm;udk tajccHusus
avhvmoifMum;zl;Muaom olrsm;um; r[kwfMuay/ jrefrmjyef yd#uwfESifh t*Fvdyfbmomjyef
tenf;i,frQudkom avhvmcJhMuolwdkU jzpfonf/ (þtaMumif;udk EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; ar;jref;pdppfpOfu pk'dwuwdkUudk,fwdkif &[ef;? ½Sif? vl y&dwfowfrsm;\a½SU
þ½Hk;awmfwGif 0efcHcJhMuNyD; jzpfonf/)
31-bHkudk tb,fhaMumifh y,fMuoenf;

84/ pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf tb,fhaMumifh 31-bHkudk oJoJrJrJ y,faeMuoenf;/ þtcsufudk
pl;prf;½SmazGaomtcg atmufyg OD;Ouú|\ oabmw&m; cH,lcsufudk awGU&ayonf/
]]xdkUaMumifh vlom;onf awG;awmqifjcif&ayrnf? tjyeftvSef ppfaq;a0zef&ayrnf
(p-o-C-Z-u) qdkwJh ol\ yom'½kyfig;ckudk tjrJrjywf toHk;ûyí ae&ayrnf/}}
(tpGJûywf wJukyfa½Teef;awmf? ESm-52-53-rS)
txufyg pum;&yfonf OD;Ouú|pGJudkifaom tajccH oabmw&m;udk azmfjyvsuf ½Sdayonf/
yom'½kyfig;ckudk pOf;pm; a0zefrItm;vHk;\ tajccHtjzpf qkyfudkifxm;onfudk awGU&onf/ ]]yom'½kyf

tpodkU
ig;ckudk tjrJrjywf toHk;ûyíae&ayrnf/}} [laom OD;Ouú|\ ñTefMum;csufonf vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|0g'D?

or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkU\ r@dKifoabmxm;yif jzpfayonf/
þuJhodkU (rsufpd? em;? ESm? vQm? udk,f)[laom vuf½SdvlwdkU\ yom'½kyf ig;ckudkom toHk;csí
,if;yom'½kyf ig;ckwdkUjzifh ae&mwum wdkif;wmMunfhaeMuygu tb,fodkUvQif tjrifrSef&EdkiftHhenf;/
OD;Ouú|\ tawG;tac:wGif raem0dnmPf\ tcef;u@um; vHk;0 aysmufuG,fvsuf ½Sdayonf/
Ak'¨w&m;awmfü yg½Sdaom ewfbHk? i&JbHk? 31-bHkESifh wefcdk;tbdnmOf ponfwdkUrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u
xl;aom raem0dnmPfjzifh odjrif&½Sdí a[mMum;cJhaom t&mrsm;om jzpfonf/ xdkt&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufí
vufcH ,HkMunfa&;onfvnf; raem0dnmPfudk toHk;csrSomvQif jzpfEdkifayonf/
85/ ,ck OD;Ouú|ESifh wynfhwdkUonf ¤if;wdkU\ (p-o-C-Z-u)[laom yom'½kyf
ig;yg;udkom trSefw&m;\ wdkif;wmrI aywHwpf&yftjzpf toHk;csNyD; azmfjyyg bk&m;a[m w&m;rsm;udk
wdkif;wm MunfhMujcif; jzpfonfudk awGU&ayonf/ ewfbHk? i&JbHk? 31-bHkESifh wefcdk;tbdnmPf
ponfwdkUudk rdrdwdkU\ vuf½Sdrsufpdjzifh rjrifMu&aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? ewfoH? i&JoHESifh
wefcdk;tbdnmPfoHwdkUudk rdrdwdkU\ yuwdem;jzifh rMum;&aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? ewf&eHU? i&J&eHUESifh
wefcdk;tbdnmPf&eHUwdkUudk rdrdwdkU\ arG;&myg ESmacgif;jzifh teHUcHí r&aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;?
ewft&om? i&Jt&om? wefcdk;tbdnmPf t&omwdkUudk rdrdwdkU\ yifudkvQmjzifh vsufí
r&aomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? ewftawGU? i&JtawGU? wefcdk; tbdnmPftawGUwdkUudk rdrdwdkU\ rdarG;wdkif;?
zarG;wdkif;vufrsm;jzifh udkifwG,fprf;oyfí r&MuaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? xdkUjyif yom'ig;yg;wdkU\
tuljzpfaom rSefajymif;ponfwdkUjzifh Munfh½Ií rjrifMuaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? ewfbHk? i&JbHkr½Sd? 31-
bHkr½Sd? wefcdk;tbdnmPfr½Sd ponfjzifh a&;om; a[majym aeMujcif;jzpfaMumif; awGU½Sd&ayonf/
86/ OD;Ouú|ESifh wynfhwdkUonf þuJhodkUaom yom'½kyf0g'Drsm;jzpfMuav&m olwdkU\0g'udk
xlaxmif jzefUjzL;&mü usm;uefay;&eftvdkUiSm yd#uwfoHk;yHkxJrS okwfw&m;tcsdKUudk vGJrSm;pGm xkwfaqmif
udk;um;Muívnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkU\ vufjzpfygVdrsm;udk bk&m;a[mygVdrsm;tjzpf zefwD;Muívnf;aumif;?
xdkxdkpmtkyfrsm;udk xdkxdkae&mrsm;wGif azmfjyaeMujcif;jzpfaMumif; twdtvif;awGUMu&ayonf/ trSefpifppf
rsufpdponfjzifh jrifawGU&rS (0g) yom'ig;yg;jzifh prf;oyfí&rS rSefuefonf[k bk&m;a[mpmay vHk;0
r½Sday/ yom'ig;yg; ½kyfw&m;udkom qkyfudkifxm;aom0g'onf Ak'¨0g'r[kwfay/
87/ vlaovljzpf0g'udk wDxGifol OD;Ouú|udk,fwdkif t,l0g'a&;&mü jywfom;rI r½Sdonfudk
awGU&ayonf/ 31-bHky,f0g'ESifh vlaovljzpf0g' ESpfcktMum;ü vIyf½Sm; ,drf;,dkifaeonfudk
awGU&ayonf/ om"uudk jy&ygrl-
]]Ak'¨\ ur®0g'onf ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;wGifom usufpm;aMumif;udk tjywftowf
rSwf,ltyfavonf/ vkyfwdkif;ukef;\ [dkrSmbufü ½Sdonf[lí vufñdI;xdk;um ñTefjytyfaom
raem'Gg&wdkufxGuf tEkrmersm;udk yufyufpufpuf wdkufzsufypf&ef rkcs vdkvm;tyfavonf/}}

tpodkU
vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? 'kwd,tBudrf½dkuf? ESm-51-[laom a&;om;csufonf aovQifjywf\ (aemufb0r½Sd)

[laom Oapä'0g'udk vufcHaMumif; odomayonf/
wzef-
]]vlom;onf aoNyD;aemufü qufvufí jzpfae&OD;rnfqdkvQif vlrSwyg;
tjcm;aomowå0gtjzpfodkU ra&mufEdkif/}}
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? ESm-306)
[ka&;om;xm;jyef&m þa&;om;csufonf oówoabmudk vufcHaMumif; aMujimonfhoabm
oufa&muf aejyefonf/
88/ OD;Ouú|onf vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm 51-ü aoNyD;onfrSaemufü jywf\[laom
t,ltqudk a&;om;NyD; jzpfygvsuf? ,if;pmtkyf pmrsufESm 306-wGifrl vlaoNyD;aemuf vlyifqufí
jzpf&rnf[laom oówoabmudk qdkjyefavonf/ ol\a&;om;csuft& OD;Ouú|onf 31-bHky,f0g'ESifh
vlaovljzpf0g' 2-cktMum;ü pdwfxm; rwnfrNidrf ½Sdaeonfudk awGU&ayonf/ wenf;qdkaomf
OD;Ouú|onf oów0g'vnf;½Sd? Oapä'0g'vnf; ½Sdaeayonf/ t,l0g'a&;&mü rSm;onfjzpfap?
rSefonfjzpfap jywfom;&rnfjzpfonf/ OD;Ouú|rSmrl oabmw&m;a&;&mü rydkifaomaMumifh ,ckuJhodkU
a,mif0g;0g; ,lqa&;om;jcif;jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfrdayonf/ þuJhodkU q&m
rjywfom;rIaMumifh b0jywfjcif;ESifh vljyefjzpfjcif;[laom 0g' 2-ckudk wpfûydifeuf udkifpGJxm;aom
q&mBuD;\ aemufvdkufwynfhwdkUvnf; xdkxdkþþ tvDvDuGJjym;í a,mifa,mifrSm;rSm; jzpfaeMuonfrSm
rxl;qef;vSay/
89/ 31-bHky,f0g'DwdkUteuf tcsdKUwdkUonf vlaovljzpf0g'udk vufcHMuí tcsdKUwdkUu
vlaovljzpf 0g'udk vufrcHMuacs/ vlaovljzpf0g'udk vufrcHMuolwdkUonf aovQifjywf\[laom
t,lpGJ½Sdí Oapä''d|dwdkU jzpfMuonf/ vlaovljzpf0g'udk vufcHMuukefaom olwdkUonf b0rjywf (b0
wpfqufwnf;)[laom oów'd|dodkU ,drf;aomolrsm; jzpfMuukefonf/ þodkU uGJjym;MuaomaMumifh
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pGJqdkcsuf 21-csufwdkUwGif (vlaovljzpf0g')pGJcsufudk tcsdKUuom ajz½Sif;í
tcsdKUu jyefvnfajz½Sif;jcif; rûyMuacs/ ajz½Sif;jcif;rûyMuaom or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf rdrdwdkU
q&mBuD;\ 0g'udk(rESpfoufonfhwdkifatmif) ypfy,f&ef 0efav;aeMuukef[efwl\/ odkU&mwGif ,if;odkU
ajz½Sif;jcif; rûyMuaomolwdkUonf ]]qdwfqdwfae oabmwl}}xHk;jzifh apm'uq&mawmfwdkU pGJqdkonfhtwdkif;
[kwfrSef\[k 0efcHaomoabmodkU oufa&mufaeayonf/

tpodkU
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\qHk;jzwfcsuf
90/ þ 31-bHkESifhywfoufí ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHw&m;rsm;udk xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&ayrnf/
ukodkvfuH (okp½dkufw&m;)aMumifh ok*wdb0odkUa&muf&jcif;ç tukodkvfuH ('kp½dkufw&m;)aMumifh
'k*¾wdb0odkUusa&muf&jcif; [laomtodw&m; rxm;½Sdol rSeforQ 31-bHkudk vufrcHvdkbJ
raumif;aomtMuH? raumif;aomtajym? raumif;aomtûytrlrsm; ûyvkyf&ef 0efav;Murnfr[kwfay/
owå0gwdkU\ pdwfonf ]]ygyo®ð &rwd raem}}[laom Ak'ä'oemt& tukodkvfbufüom
arGUavsmfwwfaom oabm½Sd&um; rdpämouFyÜ½SdolwdkUtaejzifh uHy,f? bHky,f0g'rsm; xGef;um;cJhaomf
ukodkvfudk ypfy,fjcif;ç tukodkvfudk vufcHjcif;paom rvdkvm;tyfaom jzpf&yfwdkUonf
ay:aygufvmukef&m\/ þuJhodkU uHy,f? bHky,f0g'rsm; rxGef;um;? rjyefUyGm;ap&ef?
Ak'¨\yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk o'¨gw&m; cdkifcdkifxm;í avhvm tm;xkwf&ef tvGefta&;BuD;ayonf/
þtrSwf(3) pGJqdkcsufESifh ajz½Sif;csufwdkUudk ûcHiHkí oHk;oyfMunfh&mwGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\
pGJcsufudk pk'dwuwdkUbufrS ajyvnfatmif rajz½Sif;EdkifaMumif; awGU&ayonf/ xdkUaMumifh 31-bHkudk
y,faom0g'onf oH*g,em 6-wefwif ax&0g' yd#uwfa'oemawmfESifh qefUusif½HkrQru avmu
vlom;taygif;wdkUtm;vnf; raumif;rI xGef;um;a&;udk wGef;tm;ay;aom 0g'jzpfaomaMumifh t"r®0g'
ppfppfjzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

apm'emtrSwf(4)
uH-uH\ tusdK;udky,fjcif;ESifh pyfaom0dedpä,
Ak'¨bmom\ tajccHjzpfaom uH-uH\tusdK;w&m;ü
ouf0if,HkMunfrI ysufpD;atmif zsufqD; aeMujcif;ESifh ywfoufí
apm'em aom"em 2-&yfudk a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf
1/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u-
(u) aumif;rI aumif;wmudk aeUruGm nrvyf 'vpyftm;xkwfí ûyvkyfêud;yrf;ol
vlom;twGuf te*¢tzdk;wef trsdK;rSef qkvmbfrsm;ESifh bHkeef;rsm;udk wpfcrf;wem; pDrHí
xm;cJhMuukef\/ y/ pifppf vdk&if;rSm pdwful;oufoufjzifh vlom;pdwfudk
jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmif cHMuukef\? ajcmufvSefUcJhMuukef\/
(vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? 'kwd,ESdyf? ESm-14)
(c) ]]tEdkUtck 'Db0 aumif;pm;csrf;om aewmawG[m a½S;b0u y&Hy& b0b0u ukodkvf
r[kwf&bl;aygh}} ]][-'gu b,fa½S;a½S;u uHrSr[kwfbl;/ y/ bk&m;tvdkawmh t"r®wJh
w&m;r[kwf vdkU qdkwmyJ}}/ (vlaovljzpf jyóem ESm-158-159)
(*) ukodkvf tukodkvf tusdK;w&m;[lonfum; taMumif;aMumifh tusdK; rjywfqufonf[k
ur®óuwvrf;*dkPf;rS ,HkMunfaom w&m; jzpf\/ xdkw&m;onf jAm[®Pa0'
a'oemrS jrpfzsm;cH pD;qif;vmaom w&m;jzpfav&m oHo&mvnfaea&;udkom
tm;ay;aeaom w&m;jzpfonf/ (Ak'¨0dyóem 1-ESm-146)
(C) Ak'¨\ rl&if;a'oemrsm;ü twdwfuHudk tpGJûyaom y&Hy& ur®m0p&ukodkvf
tukodkvfrsdK;tm; pGJolvufcH ,HkMunf&ef rygr½Sday/ (Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m; ESm-57)
(i) t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef uH ocFg& [laom twdwfb0 taMumif;uHaMumifh ,ck
ypöu©b0rSm 0dÓPf emrf½kyf oVm,we zóa0'em[laom tusdK;w&m;rsm;
jzpfvm&onf ponfjzifh twdwfb0 taMumif;aMumifh ,ckb0 tusdK;w&m;
vmíjzpf&onf [laomt,ltqrSm twåvrf;pOf 0dÓOfpGJ trSm;w&m;rsm;om jzpfonf/
(0drkwå&ot&aumufusrf; ESm-22-23)
þodkYaom pk'dwuwdkU\ a&;om;csufrsm;udk xkwfjyí OD;Ouú|ESifhaemufvdkuf
or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D polwdkUonf Ak'ömoemawmf\ tajccHrlvjzpfaom ur®óuwm or®m'd|dudkyif
ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dESifh a&maxG;um vGJrSm;pGm ajymqdk ,lqMuaMumif;? uHESifhuH\tusdK;udk y,fvdkufvQif
vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh tH0if*Gifus jzpfrnf[kwGufqí uHESifhuH\tusdK;wdkUudk y,f½Sm;aom pum;wdkUudk

tpodkU
ajymrSm; a&;rSm;MuaMumif;[k omrnapm'em wifoGif;Muonf/

2/ wzef? Oy&dyPÖmoygVd? plVur®0db*Fokwf ESm-244-üvmaom ]]ur®óum rP0
owåm}} vkvif owå0gwdkUonf rdrdwdkU ûyvkyfaom uHomvQif udk,fydkifOpöm ½Sdukef\paom om"u?
£wd0kwåuygVd? wyed,okwf ESm-212-üvmaom ]]raem'kpö&dwH uwGm}} paom om"u? ,if;ygVdawmf
twyed,okwf ESm-213-üvmaom ]]um,'kpö&dwH [dwGm}} paom om"uwdkUudk xkwfjyí-
ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHaMumifh owå0gwdkU t,kwftjrwf uGJjym;&yHk? ok*wd'k*¾wdvm;&yHk
ponfwdkUudk jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmfrlcJhaMumif;/
t*Fkwå&ygVd? wduedygwf ESm-133-ü ]],H bdu©a0 avmbyuwH ur®H}} paom om"uudk
xkwfjyí rsufarSmufb0ü tusdK;ay;aomuH? 'kwd,b0ü tusdK;ay;aomuH? wwd,b0rSpí wpfcsdefcsdefü
tusdK;ay;aomuH[lí jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlygvsuf vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|wdkUu xHk;tdk;xJ
EdIufaomvufonf csufcsif;jzLovdk? uwå&map;ykef;xJ EdIufaomvufonf csufcsif;eufovdk?
i½kyfoD;udkpm;vQif csufcsif;pyfovdk? Ak'¨\ur®0g'onf ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;om jzpfav[ef vkyfMuH
a&;om;MuaMumif;/
oDvu©E¨0*¾ygVd? ESm-56? 59wdkYü vmaom ]]'gaee 'are oH,are}} paomom"uESifh ]]ew¬d
r[m&mZ 'dEéH}} paom om"u? ,if;\ t|uxm ESm-150 üvmaom ]]wwå ur®H y#dAm[aEÅemyd
0dygaum y#dAm[dawm a[mwd}} paom om"uwdkUudk xkwfjyí OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkuf yk*¾dKvfwdkU\
0g'onf ,ckacwfrS ay:vmonfh topftqef;r[kwfbJ? bk&m;½Sifvufxufuyif ay:aeNyD;jzpfaom
yl&Puóy? ru©vda*gomv? tZdwauourÁvac: urÇmausmf wdw¬dq&mBuD;wdkU\ 0g'omjzpfí
t"r®0g'omjzpfaMumif;[lí 0daooapm'emwifoGif;Muonf/
3/ xdkapm'emudk pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifuacsy&mü-
(u) oVm,we0*¾oH,kwf? ur®eda&m"okwf 340-wGif edAÁmefudk uHcsKyf&m[k qdktyf\[lí
a[mMum;aMumif;?
(c) r[m0*¾oH,kwf? yygwokwf-399 wGif uHonf y,f&efw&m;jzpfaMumif;? uHaysmfolonf
qif;&JrS rvGwfEdkifaMumif;udk a[mxm;ygaMumif;?
(*) r[m0*¾oH,kwf? tEüm&okwf 402-wGif uHaysmfolwdkUonf tarSmifwGif;usaeolom
jzpfaMumif;udk a[mawmfrlaMumif;?
(C) t*FkwådK&f? {uedygwf? aum|duokwf 188-wGif ]]½Sifom&dykwå&mu xdkuJhodkU uHwdkUudk
cHpm;&ef r[kwf? rod&ao;aom opömav;yg;üvnf;aumif;? xdkopömav;yg;udk odNyD;í
xdk;xGif;em;vnf od&efvnf;aumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü usifhoHk;yg\[k ajz\}}[lí
a[mMum;xm;aMumif;?

tpodkU
(i) ynmrJhrsm;omvQif uHudk,Hk\[k okwåedygwf? 'G[wmEkyóemokwf 380-wGif

uHy,fa&;qdkif&m rsm;udkvnf; a[mxm;aMumif;?
(p) r[m0*¾ aAmZÑ*FoH,kwf? wPSmu©,okwf 128-wGif ]]wPSmukefjcif;aMumifh uHukef\/
olUukefjcif;aMumifh qif;&J'ku© ukefqHk;jcif;odkU a&muf\}}[k a[mMum;xm;aMumif;?
(q) rZÑdryPÖmo? Oygvdokwf 41-wGif ]]Ak'¨½Sifawmfu wyoD raumif;rIûyjcif;ç
aumif;rIûyjcif;wdkUü uHoHk;yg;udkom igbk&m; ynwf\/ tb,f uHoHk;yg;enf;[lrl
um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwdkUwnf;}}[lí rdefUawmfrlaMumif;?
(Z) raumif;rI tukodkvfûyolwdkif; tyg,fodkUus\qdkaom pum;onf uHudk
vufcHusifhoHk;olESifhom qdkifaMumif;udk oVm,weoH,kwf? ocF"r®okwf 499-wGif
a[mMum;xm;aMumif;?
(ps) uHtm;vHk;rS pGefUolonfomvQif qif;&Jtaygif;rS vGwfaMumif;udk okwåedygwf?
obd,okwf 340-wGif awGU&aMumif;?
(n) zóaMumifh uHajrmuf\[k t*FkwådK&f owåuedygwf? edaAÁ"duokwf 456-wGif
a[mxm;aMumif;?
(#) okwåedygwf? 'G,wmEkyóemokwf 373-wGif uHjywfrS oHo&mjywfaMumif;udk Ak'¨bk&m;
a[mMum;xm;aMumif;?
(X) O'gef; tm,kocFga&móZÆeokwf 139-wGif Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifonf uHtm;vHk;udk y,fpGefUyHkudk
a[mMum;xm;aMumif;?
txufygokwåef taxmuftxm;rsm;aMumifh ukodkvf tukodkvfwdkU\ taMumif;tusdK;udk
qufcgrjywf usifvnfwwfaom b0oHo&m\ taxmuftul uHw&m;wdkUudk pGefUy,fawmfrlaMumif;
wifjy tyfygonfbk&m;[k acsyavonf/
pk'dwuwdkU\ aom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

(u) yXraom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf
4/ pk'dwuocifjrwfqdkifu ]]oVm,we0*¾oH,kwf? ur®eda&m"okwf 340-wGif ]]&[ef;wdkU
edAÁmefonf um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwdkU\ csKyfjcif;aMumifh udavomrS vGwfajrmufaom
t&[wåzdkvftm½Hk jzpf\/ &[ef;wdkU þedAÁmefudk uHcsKyf&m[k qdktyf\}}[lí a[mMum;xm;ygonf
bk&m;}}[k aom"emavonf/
þ om"u pum;&yfü ]]t&[wåzdkvf tm½kH jzpf\}}[laom pum;onf rSm;,Gif; aeonf?
]]t&[wå zdkvfodkU tm½kH\tjzpfjzifh a&muf\}}[kom jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonf/ þokwfü ]]edAÁmefudk
uHcsKyf&m}}[k a[mawmfrlonfum; rSef\/ edAÁmefonf uHomru ½kyfcE¨mtm;vHk; csKyfNidrf;onfh

tpodkU
tocFw"mwfom jzpf\/ odkUaomf a½S;twdwfuH r½Sd [líum; a[mawmf rrlay/ a½S;twdwfuH

½SdaMumif;udk þokwf\ tpüyif-
]]&[ef;wdkU topfta[mif; jzpfaomuHwdkUudk vnf;aumif;? uH\csKyf&mudk vnf;aumif;?
uHcsKyf&modkU a&mufaomtusifhudk vnf;aumif; a[maytHh}}[k 0efcHawmfrlNyD;vQif ]]&[ef;wdkU rsufpdonf
uHa[mif;rnf\(taMumif;t&mwdkUu) ûyjyiftyf\? (apwem [laom twdwfuHu) pDrHtyf\? cHpm;rI
a0'em\ taMumif;[k ½I&rnf}}[ka[mawmfrlonf/
(oVm,weoH,kwåygVd-346? t|uxm-46? jrefrmjyef-340)
þokwfü ]]rsufpdonf uHa[mif;rnf\}}[laom pum;&yf0,f rsufpdonf ta[mif;r[kwf?
uHomvQif ta[mif;jzpfonf/ uHa[mif;aMumifh jzpf&onfhtwGuf taMumif;uH\trnfudk tusdK;rsufpdü
wifpm;í Oypm&tm;jzifh ]]rsufpdonf uHa[mif;rnf\}}[ka[mawmfrlonf/ (,if; t|uxm-46)
þokwfjzifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfqdkvdkaom ]]uH uH\tusdK;r½Sd}}[laom teufudk rjyEdkif? apm'u
q&mawmfrsm; qdkvdkaom ]]uH uH\tusdK; ½Sd\}}[laom teufudkom jyaomaMumifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvftwGuf
om"u rajrmuf½kHrQru? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ tqdkudkyg axmufcH&m a&mufayonf/
pk'dwuocifjrwfqdkifonf þur®eda&m"okwf\ av;eufaom "r®a&;&mudk rod&íom tm;udk;ckcH
rdjcif;jzpfayonf/
(c) (*) 'kwd,? wwd,aom"emwdkYudk oHk;oyfcsuf

5/ ¤if;aemuf uHonf y,f&efw&m; jzpfaMumif;udk vnf;aumif;? uHaysmfolonf qif;&JrS
rvGwfEdkifaMumif;udk vnf;aumif;? ¤if;aemuf uHaysmfolwdkUonf tarSmifwGif; usaeolom jzpfaMumif;udk
vnf;aumif; 'kwd,? wwd, acsycsufrsm;tjzpf avQmufxm;avonf/
6/ pk'dwuwifjyaom þyygwokwf? tEüm&okwfwdkUü bk&m;½Sif\ a[mawmfrlvdk&if;
t"dyÜg,f tusOf;csKyfrSm ]]opömav;yg;wdkUudk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGmrodMuol orPjAm[®PwdkUonf Zmwd? Z&m?
r&P? aomu? y&da0'? 'ku©? a'greó? Oyg,mowdkUudk jzpfapwwfaom uHocFg&wdkUudk ûyMuukef\/
xdkodkU ûyMuaomaMumifh Zmwd? Z&m? r&P? aomu? y&da0'? 'ku©? a'greó? Oyg,mownf;[laom
acsmufurf;yg; tarSmifxkü usa&mufMu&ukef\/ xdkolwdkUonf Zmwd? Z&m? r&P? aomu? y&da0'? 'ku©?
a'greó? Oyg,mo[laomqif;&JrS rvGwfukef}}[líjzpfayonf/
7/ ½Sif;vif;csuf- þokwfwdkUü ]]þum; qif;&Jwnf;[k rodMuukef}} paom pum;awmfjzifh
opömav;yg;wdkUudk rodatmifzHk;vTrf;wwfaom t0dZÆmudkjyawmfrlonf/ ]]uH ocFg&wdkUü arGUavsmf
ukef\}}[laom pum;awmfjzifh wPSmEko,udk jyawmfrlonf/ þ tcsufESpf&yfonf ta&;BuD;vSaom
aomhcsuf pum;wdkUaywnf;/ t0dZÆmESifh wPSmEko, ruif;Muao;aom ykxkZOf? aomwmyef? ou'g*grf?
tem*grfwdkUonf ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHwnf;[laom ocFg&wdkUudkûyMuí Zmwdponfjzpfum 'ku©rS

tpodkU
rvGwfMuukef\[kqdkvdkonf/
þa'oemawmfjzifh pk'dwuwdkU qdkouJhodkU ]],ckb0 tusdK;w&m;onf a½S;uH taMumif;aMumifh
r[kwf}}[laomteufudk rjy? ]]uH uH\tusdK;r½Sd}}[laom teufudkvnf; rjyacs/ ygVdawmf\
qdkvdk&if;um; wjcm;? ocifjrwfqdkif qGJ,laom t"dyÜg,fum; wjcm;aywnf;/ trSefpifppf uH-uH\
tusdK; &Sd\/ uHocFg&aMumifh Zmwdpaom tusdK;jzpf&\ [laom teufudkom jyayonf/ xdkUaMumifh
þom"ujzifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pGJqdkvdk&if; tcsufudk ry,fzsuf racsyEdkifacs/ tudk;rSm;jcif;om
jzpfayonf/
Ak'¨0dyóem (1)ESm-146üvmaom ]]oHo&mvnfaea&;udkom tm;ay;aeaomw&m;
jzpfonf}}[laom a&;om;csuftwGuf ajz½Sif;acsyonfh om"ujzpfygonf[kqdkvQifvnf; omoemy
wdw¬dwdkU\ur®0g'onf oHo&mvnfa&; tm;ay;aeaomw&m; [kwfayvdrfhrnf/ omoeduAk'¨bmom0if
wdkUonfum; r*fÓPf\taMumif; taxmuftyHh jzpf&ef&nfoefí ukodkvfuHudk ûyMuaomaMumifh
r*fÓPf\ yuwlyedó, ypönf;omjzpfí oHo&mvnfa&; tm;ray;aMumif;udk ½Sif;jycJhNyD; jzpfonf/
wdw¬d0g'ESifh Ak'¨0g'udk uGJjym; jcm;em;pGm em;rvnfíaomf vnf;aumif;? Ak'¨0g'udk wdw¬d0g'jzpfatmif
zsufqD;vdkíaomf vnf;aumif; þodkU rrSefruef a&;om;ajymqdkaejcif; jzpf[ef½Sdavonf/
(C) pwkw¬aom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

8/ xdkUjyif t*FkwådK&f-{uedygwf-aum|du okwft& aum|du&[ef;u avQmufí
]]om&dykwå&mu xdkuJhodkU uHwdkUudk cHpm;&ef r[kwfyg? rod&ao;aom opömav;yg;üvnf;aumif;?
xdkopömav;yg;wdkUodNyD;í xdk;xGif;em;vnfod&ef vnf;aumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;xHü usifhoHk;yg\[k
ajz\}}[lí a[mMum;xm; aMumif;ygbk&m;[k pwkw¬aom"emudk avQmufxm;avonf/
þaum|duokwfonf {uedygwfü rvm? e0uedygwf(188)üom vmonf/ aum|duokwfudk
csHK;íqdkaomfvnf; pk'dwuocifjrwfqdkifonf rcsHK;wwfaomaMumifh t"dyÜg,f ysuf,Gif;aeonf/ ]]trSefrSm
rsufarSmufb0ü cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½Sdaom uHonf wrvGefb0ü cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuH jzpfygap?
wrvGefb0ü cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½Sdaom uHonf rsufarSmufb0ü cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuH jzpfygap?
csrf;csrf;omom cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½Sdaom uHonf qif;qif;&J&J cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuH jzpfygap?
qif;qif;&J&J cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuHonf csrf;csrf;omom cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuH jzpfygap?
&ifhusufrS cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuHonf r&ifhusufrD cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuH jzpfygap? r&ifhusufrD
cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuHonf &ifhusufrS cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuH jzpfygap? rsm;pGm cHpm;&rnfh
tusdK;½SdaomuHonf tenf;i,f cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuH jzpfygap? tenf;i,f cHpm;&rnfh
tusdK;½SdaomuHonf rsm;pGm cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuH jzpfygap? cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;½SdaomuHonf
cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;r½SdaomuH jzpfygap [laom tusdK;iSm jrwfpGmbk&m;xHawmfü tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;

tpodkU
aeygoavm}}[k toQifr[maum|du u ar;jref;av&m t½Sifom&dykwå&mu ]]þodkUr[kwfyg? rod&

ao;aom opömav;yg;udk od&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;xHawmfü tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;aeygonf}}[k ajzMum;aom
okwfjzpfonf/
þokwfüvnf; pk'dwuwdkU qdkouJhodkU ]],ckb0 aumif;usdK; raumif;usdK;onf a½S;a½S;uHaMumifh
r[kwf}}[laom teuft"dyÜg,f rygacs/ apm'uwdkU\ pGJcsufudkacsy&ef om"ur[kwf? ygVdawmf
rsm;vQifNyD;a&m[laom oabmrsdK;jzifh rqDrqdkif okwfw&m;awmfrsm;udk qGJxnfhjcif;om jzpfayonf/
(i) yÍöraom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

9/ ]]ynmrJhrsm; omvQif uHudk ,Hk\[k atmufyg okwåedygwf? 'G,wmEkyóemokwf-370
wGif avmuü rsm;pGmukefaom qif;&J'ku© [lorQonf ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHwdkUaMumifh jzpf&ukef\/
ynmEHkUolwdkUonf rodem;rvnfonfjzpfí avmuDukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHwdkUudk ûy&um; ykxkZOfonf
tzefzef qif;&Jjcif;odkU uyfa&muf&\/ ydkif;jcm;odolonf xdk0#fqif;&JjzpfaMumif; avmuDukodkvf
tukodkvfuHudk rûyvkyf&m[k a[mygonfbk&m;}}[k yÍöraom"emudk avQmufxm;avonf/
þokwfjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf uH-uH\ tusdK;r½Sd[k y,fawmfrlonf r[kwfbJ? ESpfrsdK;aom
tpdwftydkif;½Sdaom w&m;udk aumif;pGm ½IrSwfrI ]]'G,wmEkyóem}} 16-rsdK;wdkUudkom a[mawmfrl\/ xdk
16-rsdK; wdkUwGif pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf xkwfjyaom om"upum;&yfum; 'kwd,0g&ü vmaompum;&yfjzpfonf/
odomxif½Sm;atmif xdk'kwd,0g&udk tjynfhtpHk xkwfjyOD;rnf/
(u) &[ef;wdkU tjcm;wyg;aom taMumif;jzifhvnf; ESpfrsdK;aom tpdwftydkif;½Sdaom w&m;udk
aumif;pGm ½IrSwfrIonf jzpf&mtHhavm[k þodkUar;olwdkU ½SdMuukefrl jzpf&m\[k
ajzqdkxdkuf ukef\/ tb,fodkU jzpf&moenf; [lrl jzpfay:vmorQ qif;&J[lorQ
tm;vHk;onf b0qif;&J\ wnf&mtaMumif;jzpfaom avmuDukodkvf tukodkvfuH[laom
(Oy"d) taMumif;aMumifh jzpf\/ þum; wpfrsdK;aom ½IrSwfrIwnf;/ b0qif;&J\
wnf&mtaMumif;jzpfaom avmuDukodkvf tukodkvf uHwdkU\omvQif t&[wår*fjzifh
t<uif;rJh csKyfjcif;aMumifh qif;&Jjzpfjcif;r&Sd? þum; 'kwd, ½IrSwfrIwnf;/ &[ef;wdkU
þodkY ESpfrsdK;aom tpdwftydkif;½Sdaom w&m;udk aumif;pGm ½IrSwfonfjzpfí rarhravsmh
tjyif;txef tm;xkwfvsuf edAÁmefodkU pdwfudk apvTwfaeaom &[ef;tm;
,ckb0üyifvQif t&[wåzdkvfodkU jzpfap? Oyg'geu©E¨m <uif;usefao;vQif
tem*grdzdkvfodkU jzpfap? xdkESpfrsdK;wdkUwGif wpfrsdK;rsdK;aom zdkvfudk rcRwf&vdrfhrnf[k
arQmfvifhEdkif\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þpum;udk a[mawmfrl NyD;aemuf þ*gxmudk
a[mawmfrl\/

tpodkU
(c) avmuü rsm;aomoabm½Sdukefaom qif;&J'ku© [lorQwdkUonf b0qif;&J\

wnf&mtaMumif; jzpfaom ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH [laom (Oy"d)taMumif;aMumifh
jzpfay:ukef\/ ynm½Sdaom tMuif ykxkZOfonf pifppf b0qif;&J\ wnf&m
taMumif;jzpfaom ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH [laom (Oy"d)udk ûy\/ ynmEHkUaom
ykxkZOfonf tzefwvJvJ qif;&JodkU uyfa&muf&\/ xdkUaMumifh ydkif;jcm;í odwwfolonf
0#fqif;&J\ Zmwd[laom trGeftpudk ½IrSwfqifjcifvsuf b0qif;&J\ wnf&m
taMumif;jzpfaom avmuDukodkvf? tukodkvf [laom(Oy"d)udk rûy&m[k a[mawmfrl\/
(ck jref?1? 391-2/) (okwåedygwygVd? 'G,wmEkyóemokwf)
þpum; ESpf&yfwGif (u)onf tus,fpkPÖd, y"me pum;&yf jzpf\/ (c)onf tusOf;aqmifyk'f
*gxm jzpf\/ þ0g'onfvnf; yxr0g&uJhodkUyif opömav;yg;udkjyvsuf t&[wåzdkvf txGwfwyfum
a[mtyfaom 0g&jzpfonf/ usef0g&tm;vHk;onf tvm;wlcsnf;jzpfonf/ (,if; t|uxm-222)
þokwfonf 'ku©ESifhork', ESpfyg;udk ½IrSwfí eda&m"ESifhr*¾ ESpfyg;udk xdk;xGif;odjrifNyD;vQif
t&[wåzdkvfodkU qdkufa&mufum b0'ku©\ taMumif;jzpfaom avmuDukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk
y,fpGefUyHkudkom a[mawmfrlaom okwfjzpfonf/ y,fpGefU&ef a[mjcif;onf ½Sdjcif;udk xif½Sm;aponf/
xdkUaMumifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU qdkouJhodkU uH-uH\ tusdK; r½Sd[k a[mawmfrlaomokwf r[kwfay/
10/ ]]Oy"d e u,d&m}} b0qif;&J\ wnf&mjzpfaom ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk rûy&m[laom
pum;&yfvnf; b0qif;&J? 0#fqif;&J\ taMumif;jzpfaom 0#³edódw(0#fudkrSDaom) ukodkvfESifh
tukodkvfuHudkom rûy&m[k qdkonf/ 0d0#³edódw (0#fudk rrSD? edAÁmefudk &nfaom) ukodkvfuHudkum;
rûy&m[k rqdkacs/ 0d0#³edódw ukodkvfuHudkvnf; rûy&m[k qdkvQif r*fzdkvf\ eD;uyfaomtaMumif;
y'|mefjzpfonfh (0g) r*fzdkvf&atmif vkyf&onfh 0dyóemukodkvfudkyif rûy&m[k qdk&ma&mufcsdrfhrnf/
0d0#³edódw ukodkvfudk rûyvkyfvQifvnf; rnfonfhtcgrQ r*fzdkvfudk r&EdkifawmhbJ 0#³cgPku oHo&m0#f
opfikwfomjzpfí aeawmhrnf/ xdkUaMumifh r*fÓPfudk &atmifvkyfí r*fukodkvfjzifh avmuDukodkvfuH?
tukodkvfuHudk y,fpGefU&efudkom a[mawmfrlonf[k rSwf&m\/ þt"dyÜg,fudk odem;vnf EdkifMuap&ef
rZÑdryPÖmo? ukuúK&0wduokwf ESm-52? 53 üvmaom uHav;rsdK;wdkUudk tusOf;csKH;í jyOD;tHh/
uHonf-
(1) rnf;npfí rnf;npfaomtusdK;½Sdonfh ]uPSuPS0dygu} uH?
(2) jzLpifí jzLpifaomtusdK;½Sdonfh ]okuúokuú0dygu} uH?
(3) rnf;npfjzLpifí rnf;npfjzLpifaomtusdK;½Sdonfh ]uPSokuú uPSokuú0dygu} uH?
(4) rrnf;npf rjzLpifí rrnf;npf rjzLpifaomtusdK;½Sdonfh tjcm;uHudkukefapwwfaom
]tuPStokuú tuPStokuú 0dygu ur®u©,} uH[líav;rsdK; ½Sd\/

tpodkU
xdkav;rsdK;wdkUwGif-
(1) rnf;npfí rnf;npfaom tusdK;½Sdaom uH[lonf tjypf½Sdaom um,uH? 0pDuH?
raemuH[k qdktyfaom tukodkvfuHjzpfonf/
(2) jzLpifí jzLpifaom tusdK;½SdaomuH[lonf tjypfr½Sdaom um,uH? 0pDuH?
raemuH[kqdktyfaom avmuDukodkvfuHjzpfonf/
(3) rnf;npfjzLpifí rnf;npfjzLpifaom tusdK;½Sdaom uH[lonf tjypf½Sd r½Sd a&maESmaom
avmuD ukodkvf tukodkvfuHjzpfonf/
(4) rrnf;npf rjzLpifí rrnf;npf rjzLpifaom tusdK;½Sdonfh tjcm;uHudk ukefapwwfaom
uH[lonf avmukwå&mukodkvf[k qdktyfaom r*fapwemjzpfonf/
xdkjyqdktyfNyD;aom uHav;rsdK;wdkUwGif pwkw¬jzpfaom r*fav;yg; apwemwnf;[laom
avmukwå&muH jzpfay:atmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfí a½S;uHoHk;rsdK;wdkUudk ukefqHk;ap&ef &nf½G,fawmfrlum
þokwfudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonf/ þt"dyÜg,fudk t*Fkwå&ygVd? pwkuúedygwf ESm-553 rS 559?
oHcdwåokwf? 0dwåm&okwf? aomPum,eokwf? yXrodu©my'okwf? 'kwd,odu©my'okwf? t&d,r*¾okwf
wdkUüvnf; a[mawmfrl\/
11/ ,if;pum;&yf\ tqufü ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]Ak'¨0g'D taeESifh,laom ukodkvfum;
'kp½dkufudk a½Smif&efomjzpfonf}}[kqdkjyef\/ 'kp½dkufudk a½SmifMuOfrIonf 0d&wDoDvukodkvfuH jzpf\/
xdk0d&wDoDv ukodkvfudkom,lojzifh 'geukodkvfuH? orxbm0emukodkvfuH? 0dyóembm0emukodkvf
uHwdkUudk y,f½Sm;&m a&muf\/ ]]umrm0p& ukodkvf tukodkvfrSm Ak'ËSifhrqdkifonfudk
txl;*½kûy&efvdk\}}[laom ol\ aemufpum;jzifh rlum; 'ge? oDv? orx? 0dyóem ukodkvfuH
tm;vHk;udkyif ocifjrwfqdkif y,fjyef\/ rSefvS\- 'ge? oDv? orx? 0dyóem ukodkvfuH[lonf
umrm0p&ukodkvfpdwf 8-yg;wdkUü ,SOfaom umrm0p& ukodkvfuHcsnf; jzpfavonf/ xdkumrm0p&
ukodkvfuHudk y,fvdkufjcif;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlaom 'ge? oDv? orx? 0dyóempaom
ukodkvfuHwdkUudk y,f&ma&muf onfhtjyif rdrd\ a½SUpum;udkvnf; y,f½Sm;NyD; jzpfaeayonf/
udk,fhpum;csif;yif rnDay? xdkUaMumifh pk'dwuwdkUonf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGJqdkonfhtwdkif;
yl&Puóypaom wdw¬drsm;uJhodkU uH-uH\ tusdK;w&m;udk y,f½Sm;MuonfrSm vGefpGm xif½Sm;avonf/
(p) q|aom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

12/ uHy,fa&;qdkif&mrsm;udkvnf; a[mxm;aMumif; r[m0*¾ aAmZÑ*FoH,kwf? wPSu©,okwf
182-wGif ]]Oayu©m oarÁmZÑifudk yGm;rsm;aom xdk&[ef;onf wyfrufrI wPSmudk y,f\/ wyfrufrI
wPSmudk y,fjcif;aMumifh uHudky,f\/ uHudky,fjcif;aMumifh 0#fqif;&Judk y,f\/ O'g,D þodkUvQif
wPSmukefjcif;aMumifh uHukef\? uHukefjcif;aMumifh qif;&J'ku© ukefqHk;jcif;odkU a&muf\[k a[mMum;

tpodkU
xm;ygonfbk&m;}}[lí q|aom"emudk avQmufxm;avonf/ ESm-182 ü þokwfryg? 82-üomygonf/

odkUaomf þokwfjzifh uHr½Sd[k uHudky,fjcif;r[kwf? þokwfjzifh aAmZÑif ckESpfyg;udk
yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfí avmukwå&m r*fav;yg;wdkUudk jzpfay:apjcif;jzifh wPSmukef&ef? uHukef&ef?
0#fqif;&Jukef&efudkom a[mawmfrlonf/ þt"dyÜg,fudkvnf; t*Fkwå&ygVd? pwkuúedygwf ESm 559-
üvmaom aAmZÑifokwfjzifh odEdkifayonf/
xdkaAmZÑifokwf0,f yÍöraom"emudk oHk;oyfcsufü jycJhonfhenf;wl uPSuPS0dygu paom
uHav;rsdK;udk a[mawmfrlí pwkw¬uH\ t& aAmZÑifckESpfyg;udk azmfjyawmfrlavonf/
þokwfonf pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf qdkvdkouJhodkU uH-uH\ tusdK;w&m;r½Sd[laom teufudk rjy? uH-
uH\ tusdK; ½Sd\/ xdkuHukefqHk;í 0#fqif;&JrS vGwfajrmufatmif aAmZÑifckESpfyg;wdkUudk yGm;rsm;&rnf
[laom teufudkom jyaomokwf jzpf&um; pk'dwu\pum;udk taxmuftul rûybJ?
apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ pum;udkom taxmuftulûyayonf/
(q) owåraom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

13/ ]]uHESifhqdkif&m ynwfudk Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifonf rZÑdryPÖmo? Oygvdokwf 41-wGif
]]igh½Sifa*gwr raumif;rIûyjcif;ü xdkraumif;rI ûyjcif;jzpfaom uHudk tb,frQ ynwfygoenf;}}[k
wyóDed*P²u ar;avQmuf\/ Ak'¨½Sifawmfu ]]wyóD raumif;rIûykjcif;ç aumif;rIûyjcif;wdkUü
uHoHk;yg;udkom igbk&m; ynwf\/ tb,f uHoHk;yg;enf;[lrl um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwdkUwnf;}}[lí
rdefUawmfrlygonfbk&m;}}[k owåraom"emudk avQmufxm;avonf/
þaom"emvm om"uonfum; apm'empum;&yfESifh rnfodkUrQ roufqdkifacs/ umrm0p&
ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH[lonf þuHoHk;yg;wdkUyif jzpfonf/ ½lyg0p& t½lyg0p&ukodkvfuH [lonf
raemuHyifjzpfonf/ Ak'ömoemhEG,f0if olawmfpiftm;vHk;wdkU vufcH,HkMunfaom uH[lonf þum,uH?
0pDuH? raemuHoHk;yg;wdkUyif jzpfonf/ pk'dwuwdkU r½Sdyg[k y,faeaom uHonfvnf; þuHoHk;yg;wdkUyif
jzpfonf/ þuHoHk;yg;wdkUrS wpfyg; tjcm;vufcH,HkMunf&ef odkUr[kwf y,f&ef uHr½Sdawmhacs/
ocifjrwfqdkifonf okwåefa'oemawmf\ teuft"dyÜg,fudk qifjcifEdkifaomÓPf
vHk;0uif;rJhaomol jzpf&um; rdrdacsyrnfhpum;ESifh oufqdkifonf roufqdkifonfudk rqifjcifrdbJ
]]uH}}[laom pum;vHk; yg½Sd½HkrQjzifh om"utjzpf xkwfaqmif wifjyxm;jcif;om jzpfaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
(Z) t|raom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

14/ raumif;rI tukodkvfûyolwdkif; tyg,fodkUus\ qdkaompum;onf uHudk
vufcHusifhoHk;olESifhom qdkifaMumif;udk oVm,weoH,kwf? ocF"rokwf 499-wGif ]]Ak'¨½Sif\ tvdkum;
xdkraumif;rI aumif;rI ukodkvfuHwdkUudk rpGJvrf;? jyefvnfrpOf;pm;aomf xdkraumif;rIrS vGwf\/ umrwdkUrS

tpodkU
rSm;rSef;odí aemifrûyvkyfawmhyg[k a½SmifMuOfaomf? y,fpGefUaomf raumif;rI[k odojzifh xdkuHrSvGwf\/

odkU&mwGif igonf raumif;rIudk ûycJhrd\wum;[k pGJvrf;í ESvHk;romjzpfaeaomf xdkraumif;rIuHudk
pGJvrf;jcif;jzifhyif xdktukodkvf raumif;rIrS rvGwfEdkifaMumif; a[mMum;xm;ygonfbk&m;}}[k
t|raom"emudk avQmufxm; jyefavonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u ]]raumif;rI tukodkvf ûyolwdkif; tyg,fus\}}[k rqdkaomaMumifh
þaom"emonf apm'emESifh roufqdkifacs/ ]]uHudk vufcHusifhoHk;olESifhom qdkifaMumif;}} udkvnf;
xdkokwfü rjyqdkacs/ xdkokwf\ qdkvdk&if; tusOf;csKyf t"dyÜg,f þodkUjzpfonf/
ed*P²em#ykwåac: *sdef;q&mBuD;\ wynfhjzpfol todAEü\om; ½GmolBuD;tm; jrwfpGmbk&m;u
]]ed*P²em#ykwåonf wynfhwdkYtm; tb,fodkU w&m;a[moenf;}}[kar;awmfrlav&m ]]toufowfol
[lorQ? ray;onfudk cdk;,lol [lorQ? umrwdkUü rSm;,Gif;pGmusifhol [lorQ? r[kwfrrSef
ajymol[lorQonf tyg,fus\/ i&Jus\/ rsm;aom xdkxdkuHu aqmifoGm;\ [lí w&m;a[mygonf}}[k
½GmolBuD;u ajzqdkavonf/
xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]toufowfolonf owfaomtcsdefESifh rowfaomtcsdefwdkUwGif
b,ftcsdefu rsm;oenf;? ray;onfudk cdk;,lolonf cdk;,laomtcsdefESifh rcdk;,laom tcsdefwdkUwGif
b,ftcsdefu rsm;oenf;? umrwdkUü rSm;,Gif;pGmusifholonf rSm;,Gif;pGmusifhaomtcsdefESifh rusifhaom
tcsdefwdkUwGif b,ftcsdefu rsm;oenf;? r[kwfrrSef ajymolonf r[kwfrrSef ajymaomtcsdefESifh rajymaom
tcsdefwdkUwGif b,ftcsdefu rsm;oenf;}}[k ar;awmfrljyef&m ]]toufrowfaomtcsdef? rcdk;,laomtcsdef?
umrwdkYü rSm;,Gif;pGm rusifhaomtcsdef? r[kwfrrSef rajymaomtcsdefu rsm;ygonf}}[k ½GmolBuD;u ajzqdk
avonf/ ]]½GmolBuD; ed*P²em#ykwå\pum;t& rsm;aom xdkxdkuHu aqmifoGm;cJhvQif wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
tyg,fusol? i&Jusol[lí jzpfEdkifawmhrnf r[kwf}}[ked*P²\ t,l0g'udk y,fawmfrlNyD;vQif
toufowfrI paomtukodkvfuHaMumifh tyg,fi&Jus&yHkudk þodkU jyawmfrlavonf/
toufowfol [lorQ? ray;onfudk cdk;,lol [lorQ? umrwdkUü rSm;,Gif;pGmusifhol [lorQ?
r[kwfrrSef ajymol[lorQonf tyg,fus\[k a[mavh,lavh½Sdaomq&m\ wynfhtm; ]]toufowfol
[lorQonf tyg,fi&Jus\[k ighq&monf a[mavh,lavh ½Sd\/ igonf toufowfrd\/
igonfvnf; tyg,fi&Jusol jzpf\}}[k t,lrSm;udk&\/ ]]xdkpum;? xdkpdwf? xdkt,ludk rpGefUvQif
i&Jus&\}}[k a[mawmfrl\/ t'dEé'ge paom tukodkvfuHwdkUudkvnf; þenf;twlyif a[mawmfrl\/
xdkUaemuf tukodkvfuHudk y,fpGefUEdkif&ef t,lrSefudkvnf; þodkUa[mawmfrljyefonf/ ]]½GmolBuD;
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh ygPmwdygwm? t'dEém'ge? umarokrdpämpm&? rkom0g'
tukodkvfudk uJh&JUawmfrl\/ a½SmifMuOf&efvnf; a[mawmfrl\/ xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynfhonf
]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh toufowfjcif;udk uJh&JUawmfrl\/ a½SmifMuOf&efvnf;
a[mawmfrl\/ olUtoufudk þa½GU þrQ igowfrd\/ olUtoufudk þa½GU þrQowfrdjcif;onf

tpodkU
raumif;? odkUaomfvnf; igonf xdktoufowfrdjcif; taMumif;aMumifh ESvHk;romjzpfaevQif xdkûyNyD;aom

raumif;rIonf rûy&mvnf; a&mufrnfr[kwf[k qifjcifum xdktoufowfrIwdkUudk pGefUí aemiftcgü
vnf; toufowfjcif;rS a½SmifMuOfvsuf raumif;rIudk pGefU\/ raumif;rIrS vGefajrmuf\}} (oHjref?2/
498/) [k ygPmwdygwudk y,fpGefUyHkudk vnf;aumif;? xdkUtwl t'dEém'ge? umarokrdpämpm&?
rkom0g'wdkUudk y,fpGefUyHkudk vnf;aumif; a[mjyawmfrlNyD;vQif okp½dkufq,fyg;ESifh jynfhpHkapum
jA[®0d[m&av;yg;wdkUudk yGm;rsm;í ½lyg0p&tyÜempsmef r[*¾KwfuHjzpfyHkudkvnf;aumif;?
xdkr[*¾Kwf*½kuuHu toufowfjcif; ygPmwdygwuHpaom umrm0p&uHudk vTrf;rdk;oGm;í
umrm0p&uH tusdK;ray;EdkifawmhyHkudkvnf;aumif; a[mjyawmfrlonf/
þokwfonf ûyrdaom tukodkvfuHudk tm½kHûyí aemifwwpfzef ylyefrIudk rjzpfapbJ
xdktukodkvfudk aemifwpfzef rûyrdatmif a½SmifMuOf&efESifh tukodkvfudk y,fEdkifaom *½kuuHudk
tm;xkwf&efudkom a[mjyaom okwfjzpfonf/ ocifjrwfqdkif ajymouJhodkU raumif;rI tukodkvfûyolwdkif;
tyg,fus\ [laom pum;onf uHudk vufcHusifhoHk;olESifhom qdkifaMumif;udkvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mawmfrrl? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;uvnf; þodkU apm'emrI rûyMuay/ Ak'¨½Sifawmf\ tvdkum;
xdkraumif;rI tukodkvfwdkUudk rpGJvrf;? jyefvnfrpOf;pm;aomf xdktukodkvfrSvGwf\ [laompum;onf
Ak'¨½Sifawmf\ tvdkr[kwf? ocifjrwfqdkif\ tvdkomjzpfonf/ rdrdtvdkudk Ak'¨bk&m;tvdkjzpfatmif
vkyfjcif;omjzpfonf/ ocifjrwfqdkif tvdktm;jzifhum; tukodkvfudk vkyfcsifoavmufvkyf rpGJvrf;vQif
NyD;a&m? rpGJvrf;vQif xdkuHrSvGwf\[k qdkvdk\/ þt,lonfum; ]]ewåd okuw'kuúwmeH ur®meH zvH
0dygaum}}paom uH-uH\ tusdK;udk y,faom wdw¬dwdkU\ tvdkESifh udkufnDayonf/ xdkUaMumifh
þokwfonf pk'dwu\ taxmuftul rjzpfEdkifacs/
(ps) e0raom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

15/ uHtm;vHk;rS pGefUolonfomvQif qif;&Jtaygif;rS vGwfaMumif;udk okwåedygwf?
obd,okwf 340-wGif ]]tMuifyk*¾dKvfonf qif;&JusdK;'ku©udk jzpfapwwfaom twdwf? tem*wf?
ypöKyÜKefuH[lorQwdkUudk r*fÓPfjzifh vTifhrIwfxkwfypfí vSnfhywfrI rm,m? armufrmrI rme? trsufxGufrI
a'gowdkUudk ydkif;jcm; odvsuf (jzpfaMumif;? jzpfjcif;ç csKyfjcif;ç csKyfaMumif;) ½kyferfwdkU\ tqHk;udk ûytHh[k
usifhaom y&dAÁmZu tjzpfodkU a&muf\/ y&dAÁmZu qdkonfrSm uHudk vTifhrIwf xkwfypfoljzpfaMumif;
awGU&ygonfbk&m;}}[k e0raom"emudk avQmufxm;avonf/
þaom"emvm om"upum;&yfonf okwåedygwfüvmaom-
'ku©a0yuHú ,'w¬d urH®?
O'¨ra"m wd&d,H 0gyd raZÑ/
y&dAÁmZ,dwGm y&dnmpm&D?

tpodkU
rm,H rmeraxmyd avmbaum"H/

y&d,EÅrumod emr½lyH?
wH y&dAÁmZurm[k ywådywåH/ (ck 1? 361/)
[laom *gxm\ jrefrmjyef jzpfaomfvnf; ocifjrwfqdkif wifjyonfh t"dyÜg,fonf vGJrSm;aeonf/
trSefrSm ]]tMuifyk*¾dKvfonf qif;&JusdK;udk jzpfapwwfaom twdwf? tem*wf? ypöKyÜKefuHudk r*fÓPfjzifh
y,fxkwfvTifhrIwfí vSnfhywfrI rm,mudkvnf;aumif;? axmifvTm;rI rmewdkUudkvnf;aumif;? avmba'go
wdkUudkvnf;aumif; ydkif;jcm;odvsuf usifhoHk;NyD;vQif erf½kyfwdkU\ tqHk;udk ûycJhNyD; t&[wåzdkvfodkU
a&mufNyD;aom xdkyk*¾dKvfudk y&dAÁmZu[k qdkMuukef\}} (ckjref 1? 340/) [líomjzpfonf/
þokwfonfvnf; ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHr½Sd? ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH\ tusdK;r½Sd[k y,faom
okwfr[kwf? pk'dwuwdkU qdkouJhodkU ,ckb0 aumif;pm;csrf;omjcif;onf a½S;twdwfuHaMumifh
r[kwf[kvnf; rjyacs/ yÍöraom"emudk oHk;oyf&mü jycJhaom uHav;rsdK;wdkYwGif r*fÓPfjzifh (0g
r*fÓPfESifh ,SOfaom pwkw¬uHjzifh) a½S;uHoHk;yg;wdkUudk y,fxkwf vTifhrIwfí rm,m? rme? avmb?
a'gowdkUudk y[mey&dnmjzifh ydkif;jcm;odvsuf usifhoHk;aom emrf½kyf\tqHk;udk ûyNyD;vQif t&[wåzdkvfodkU
a&mufolonf y&dAÁmZu rnf\[kom jyaomokwfjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh pk'dwu\pum;udk taxmuftul
rûyEdkifacs/
(n) 'oraom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

zóaMumifh uHajrmufaMumif;udk a[mawmfrlyHkrSm-
16/ t*FkwådK&f? owåuedygwf? edaAÁ"duokwf 456-wGif ]]&[ef;wdkU aphaqmfrI apwemjzifh
udk,fjzifh jzpfap? EIwfjzifhjzpfap? pdwfjzifhjzpfap ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHwdkUudkûy&um; apwemudk uH[lí
igqdk\/ &[ef;wdkU awGUxdrI zóonf uHwdkU\ jzpfaMumif;wnf;/ zócsKyfNidrf;rIonf
uHcsKyfNidrf;rIrnf\/ t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sd&m r*fonf zócsKyfNidrf;&m tusifhwnf;[k a[mMum;
xm;ygonfbk&m;}}[k 'oraom"emudk avQmufxm;jyefavonf/
þaom"emvm om"upum;&yfonf rSefuefrI r½Sdacs/ tjynfhtpHk azmfjyOD;thH/
]]&[ef;wdkU uHudk od&rnf? uHjzpfaMumif;udk od&rnf? uHwdkU\ xl;onfhtjzpfudk od&rnf? uHwdkU\
tusdK;udk od&rnf? uHcsKyfNidrf;rIudk od&rnf? uHcsKyfNidrf;&modkU a&mufaMumif;tusifhudk od&rnf}}[lí
iga[mMum;tyfaom xdkpum;onf tb,fudkpGJí a[mMum;tyfaom pum;jzpfoenf;/ &[ef;wdkU aphaqmf
wdkufwGef;í udk,fjzifhjzpfap? EIwfjzifhjzpfap? pdwfjzifhjzpfap (ukodkvf tukodkvf) uHudkûy&um; apwemudk
uH[lí igqdk\/
&[ef;wdkU uHjzpfaMumif;[lonf tb,fenf;/ &[ef;wdkU awGUxdrI zóonf uHjzpfaMumif;wnf;/
&[ef;wdkU uHwdkY\ xl;onfhtjzpf[lonf tb,fenf;/ &[ef;wdkU i&Jü cHpm;tyfaom tusdK;½SdaomuHonf

tpodkU
½Sd\/ wd&pämefbHkü cHpm;tyfaom tusdK;½SdaomuHonf ½Sd\/ NydwåmbHkü cHpm;tyfaom tusdK;½SdaomuHonf

½Sd\/ vlUbHkavmuü cHpm;tyfaom tusdK;½SdaomuHonf ½Sd\/ ewfbHkavmuü cHpm;tyfaom
tusdK;½Sdaom uHonf ½Sd\/ &[ef;wdkU þonfudk uHwdkU\xl;onfhtjzpf[lí qdktyf\/
&[ef;wdkU uHwdkY\ tusdK;[lonf tb,fenf;/ &[ef;wdkU ,ckb0üjzpfap? 'kwd,b0üjzpfap?
tjcm; tvSnfhêuH&mb0üjzpfap cHpm;tyfaom uHwdkU\tusdK;udk oHk;rsdK; ½Sd\[k igqdk\/ &[ef;wdkU
þonfudk uHwdkU\ tusdK;[líqdktyf\/
&[ef;wdkU uHcsKyfNidrf;rI [lonf tb,fenf;/ &[ef;wdkU awGUxdrIzó csKyfNidrf;rIonf uHcsKyfNidrf;rI
jzpf\/
jrwfaom t*Fg½Spfyg;&Sdaom þr*¾ifonf omvQif uHcsKyfNidrf;&modkY a&mufaMumif; tusifh jzpf\/
þum; tb,fenf;/ rSefuefpGm odjrifrI/ y/ rSefuefpGm wnfMunfrIwnf;/
&[ef;wdkU tMuiftcgü t&d,mwynfhonf þodkU uHudkod\/ y/ þodkU uHcsKyfNidrf;&modkU
a&mufaMumif; tusifhudk od\/ xdktcgü xdkt&d,mwynfhonf uHwdkUudk csKyfNidrf;apwwfaom udavom
udk azmufcGJEdkifonfh þjrwfaomtusifhudk od\/
]]&[ef;wdkU uHudkod&rnf/ y/ uHcsKyfNidrf;&modkU a&mufaMumif;tusifhudk od&rnf}}[lí iga[mMum;
tyfaom xdkpum;onf þonfudk pGJí a[mMum;tyfaom pum; jzpf\ (tif jref 2? 456-7/) /
(þum;tjynfhtpHkjzpfonf)
ocifjrwfqdkifonf rdrdwdkU\ ½kyf0g'ESifh rudkufnDaom pum;&yfrsm;udk csefvSyfí rjynfhrpHk azmfjy
udk;um;xm;avonf/ þokwfonf pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ ewfESifhi&J? Nydwåmr½Sd[laom 0g'udkvnf;aumif;?
taMumif;uHaMumifh tusdK;qufjzpfonf r[kwf[laom 0g'udkvnf;aumif;? xHk;tdk;xJ EIdufaomvufonf
csufcsif;jzLovdk 'd|vufawGU rsufawGU ur®0g'udkvnf;aumif;? twdtvif; y,f½Sm;vsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;
udk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmfrlaomokwf jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh þokwfonf pk'dwuwdkU\ 0g'udk
y,f½Sm;vsuf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pum;udkom av;av;eufeuf axmufcHaom okwfjzpfayonf/
(#) {um'orao"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

17/ uHjywfrS oHo&mjywfaMumif;udk Ak'¨bk&m;onf okwåedygwf? 'G,wmEkyóemokwf 373-
wGif ]]jzpfay:vmaom qif;&J'ku©tm;vHk;[lonf tm;xkwftyfaom uH[laom taMumif;aMumifh
jzpfyGm;&\/ 'ku©onf tm;xkwftyfaom uHaMumifh jzpf&jcif;wnf;[k þodkUodí uHtm;vHk;udk
pGefUy,fNyD;vQif uHuif;&m edAÁmefü vGwfajrmufaom? b0wPSm jywfNyD;aom Nidrf;at;aom &[EÅmtm;
oHo&mukefNyD? wpfzef b0opfjzpfa&; r½SdNyD[lí a[mMum;xm;ygonfbk&m;}}[k {um'oraom"emudk
avQmufxm;avonf/

tpodkU
þaom"emvm om"uonf okwåedygwf? 'G,wmEkyóemokwfüvmaom-

,H udOdö 'ku©H oarÇmwd? oAÁH tm&rÅ ypöa,m/
tm&rÅmeH eda&ma"e ew¬d? 'ku©ó orÇa0g"/
{wrm'De0H ÚwGm? 'ku©H tm&rÅypö,m/
oAÁm&rÅH y#dedóZÆ? tem&arÇ 0drkwådaem/
OpädEéb0wPSó? oEÅpdwåó bdu©Kaem/
0du©DaPm ZmwdoHoma&m? ew¬d wó ykeAÇa0g/ (ck 1? 394/)
[laom *gxmwdkU\ jrefrmjyef jzpfonf/ odkUaomf ocifjrwfqdkif avQmufxm;csufonf rSefuefjcif;
r½SdaomaMumifh tjynfhtpHk azmfjyOD;thH/
]]jzpfay:vmaom qif;&J[lorQ tm;vHk;onf tm;xkwftyfaom? uHESifh,SOfaom 0D&d,[laom
taMumif;aMumifh jzpf\/ tm;xkwftyfaom? uHESifh,SOfaom 0D&d,wdkU\ csKyfjcif;aMumifh qif;&Jjcif; r½Sd
awmhay/
qif;&Jonf tm;xkwftyfaom? uHESifh,SOfaom 0D&d,aMumifh jzpf\[k þodkUaom tjypfudk odí
tm;xkwftyfaom? uHESifh,SOfaom 0D&d,tm;vHk;udk pGefUNyD;vQif tm;xkwfrIuif;aom edAÁmefü vGwfajrmufrI
½Sdaom? b0wPSmjywfNyD;aom? Nidrf;at;onfh pdwf½Sdaom &[ef;tm; Zmwd[laom oHo&mukefNyD? wpfzef
b0opfr½SdawmhNyD (ck jref 1? 373/) /}} (þum;jrefrmjyef tjynfhtpHkwnf;)
]]'oe0ga& tm&rÅypö,mwd ur®orÜ,kwå0D&d,ypö,m}}[laom t|uxm 224-ESifhtnD ]]tm&rÅ}}
t& tm;xkwftyfaom? uHESifh,SOfaom 0D&d,udk ,l&onf/
þaom"emonf yÍöraom"emESifh tvm;wljzpfí yÍöraom"emudk oHk;oyf&mü tus,fjyNyD;
jzpf&um; xyfrHoHk;oyfzG,f rvdkNyD/
(X) 'Gg'oraom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

18/ Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifonf uHtm;vHk;udk y,fpGefUaMumif; O'gef; tm,kocFga&móZÆeokwf-139-
wGif ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf twkrJhedAÁmefESifh tzefzef b0jzpfrIwdkUudk EIdif;csdefvsuf b0jzpf&efuHudk
pGefUy,fcJhavNyD? tZÑwåü aumif;pGm pifMu,faom owdjzifh arGUavsmfum csyf0wfESifhwlaom rdrdoEÅmefrS
udavomudk zsufqD;NyD;avNyD[k a[mMum;xm;ygonfbk&m;}}[k 'Gg'oraom"emudk avQmufxm;
jyefavonf/
þaom"emvm om"uonf O'geygVd? tm,kocFga&móZÆeokwfüvmaom-
wkvrwkvÍö orÇ0H? b0ocFg&r0óZd rked/
tZÑwå&awm orm[dawm? tbdE´d u0prd0wåorÇ0H/ (ck 1? 155/)
[laom *gxm\ jrefrmjyefjzpfonf/ odkUaomf rSefuefrIr½Sd? tjynfhtpHkrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/

tpodkU
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf twkrJhedAÁmefESifh tzefzefjzpfrIb0udk EdIif;csdefvsuf b0udkjzpf&ef ûyjyifwwfaom

uHudk pGefUy,fcJhavNyD/ tZÑwåw&m;ü arGUavsmfum aumif;pGm wnfMunfaompdwf ½Sdonfjzpfí csyf0wfESifh
wlaom rdrdoEÅmef½Sd udavomuGef&ufudk zsufqD;cJhavNyD (ck? jref?1? 139) / (þum; jynfhpHkrSefuefaom
jrefrmjyef t"dyÜg,fwnf;/)
þO'gef; *gxmonfvnf; yÍöraom"emudk oHk;oyf&mü jycJhonfhtwdkif; t&d,mr*fjzifh
udavomudk y,fpGefUjcif;tm;jzifh b0udkpDrHwwfaom avmuDuHudk bk&m;½Sif pGefYy,fNyD; jzpfyHkudk
jyaom*gxmjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh -
]]t0óZd rkeDwd/ y/ ur®u©,ua&e t&d,ra*¾e t0óZd (O'gef; |? 299/)}}[lí t|uxm
q&mawmf zGifhjyawmfrlonf/
t"dyÜg,f-jrwfpGmbk&m;onf pGefUy,fcJhavNyD[lonfrSm cE¨mig;yg;wdkUonf tjrJr½Sdukef?
cE¨mig;yg;wdkU\ csKyf&m edAÁmefonf jrJ\paomenf;jzifh EIdif;csdefvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf b0ü tjypf?
edAÁmefü tusdK;udk ½Ijrifí xdkcE¨mwdkU\ rlvjzpfaom b0udkpDrHwwfonfh uHudk (uHukefjcif;iSm jzpf\[k
ukuúK&0wduokwfü a[mawmfrlcJhaom) uHukefjcif;udk ûywwfonfh t&d,r*fjzifh pGefUy,fcJhavNyD/
19/ þodkU t&d,r*fjzifh uHudavomwdkUudk y,fpGefUjcif;onfvnf; ykAÁbm*y#dy'gac:aom
orx 0dyóemwnf;[laom umrm0p&uHESifh uif;í tvQif;yif rjzpfEdkifacs/ orx0dyóemwnf;
[laom umrm0p&uHjzifh tqifhqifhwwfum t&d,r*fudk &½Sdvsuf xdkt&d,r*fjzifh udavomwdkUudk
y,fpGefUawmfrlonf/ þt"dyÜg,fudk xdk*gxmü ]]tZÑwå&awm orm[dawm}}[laomygVdjzifh jyawmfrlonf/
t|uxmüvnf;-
]]aom [d 0dyóe 0aoe tZÑwå&awm? orx0aoe orm[dawmwd {0H ykAÁbm*awm
y|m,/ y/ {0H udavoyÜ[maee ur®H yZ[d}} (O'gef; |? 299-300/)
[k zGifhjyawmfrlonf/
t"dyÜg,fcsJUí jytHh/ xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf 0dyóemjzifh tZÑwåü arGUavsmfum orxjzifh
wnfMunfaom pdwf½Sdvsuf þodkUþyHk a½SUtzdkUrSpí orx0dyóem tpGrf;jzifh csyf0wfuJhodkU twåabmudk
zGJU,Sufí wnfaom rdrdüjzpfonfhtwGuf ]]twåorÇ0}}[k trnf&aom udavomtm;vHk;udk zsufqD;awmf
rlavNyD/ udavom r½Sdjcif;aMumifhyif uHonf y#doaEüdk rjzpfapEdkifawmh&um; y,fpGefUNyD; rnfawmh\/
þodkUþyHk udavomudk y,fpGefUjcif;jzifh uHudk y,fpGefUNyD/ þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ uHudk y,fpGefUawmfrlyHk
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r[kwf}} paompum;onf ukodkvfuHtwGuf a&;om;csufjzpfonf/ ]]xHk;tdk;xJ EdIufaomvufonf
csufcsif;jzLovdk? uwå&map;ykef;xJ EdIufaomvufonf csufcsif;eufovdk? i½kwfoD;udk pm;vQif csufcsif;
pyfovdk? Ak'¨\ur®0g'onf ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;om jzpfonf}}[laom a&;om;csufjzpfonf? ukodkvfuH?
tukodkvfuH ESpfrsdK;vHk;twGuf a&;om;csufjzpfonf/ xdka&;om;csufjzifh OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\
aemufvdkufrsm;onf ukodkvfuHjzpfap? tukodkvfuHjzpfap ykcufESifhacgif;Mum; rsufarSmufb0üom
tusdK;ay;onf[k t,l½Sdolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xdkolwdkU\t,lonf Ak'¨\ur®0g'vHk;0r[kwf? Ak'¨ra[mbJ
Ak'¨ta[mvkyfí rdrdwdkU0g'udkom a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ uH\tusdK;ay;yHkudk i½kwfoD;pyfovdk
csufcsif;[lí a&;om;csufonfvnf; obm0vHk;0rus/ uH\ tusdK;ay;&mumvudkvnf;
ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;[k xifrSwfjcif;onfvnf; tem*wfb0r½Sdonfh Oapä'0g'jzpfaom ½kyf0g'tjrift&
abmifcwfjcif; jzpfaMumif; tvGefxif½Sm;avonf/
tpdaEÅ,sw&m; 4-yg;½Sd&mwGif ur®0dygaum tpdaEÅa,sm=uH-uH\tusdK;ay;yHkudk pdwful;jzifh
MuHqí trSefr&aMumif; odEdkifayonf/ uHt&monf vlomrefwdkY awG;ac: ajrmfjrifEdkifaomt&m
r[kwfacs/ þtcsufudk tav;teufrxm;bJ rdrdudk,frdrd ynm½SdBuD; xifrSwfNyD; uHtusdK;ay;yHkonf
i½kwfoD; pyfovdkyJ[k ,lqvsuf Ak'¨\ur®0g'yg[k Armjynfvlxktm; wifjyjcif;onf
rsufvSnfhjyjcif;om jzpfaMumif; odEdkifMuayonf/
pifppf uH-uH\ tusdK;ay;yHkESifh pyfvsOf;í ypöwd=&ifhusuf\[laom ygVdawmfonf tcsKyf jzpf\/
uHonf ukodkvfuHjzpfap? tukodkvfuHjzpfap &ifhusufrS(0g) tcsdefusrS tusdK;ay;onf/ r&ifhusufao;
vQif tusdK;ray;acs/ Oyrm-o&ufoD;wpfvHk;onf &ifhusufrS(0g) tcsdefusrS rSnfhrS csdKonf/ rrSnfhcif
rcsdKay/ þOyrmuJhodkUyif &ifhusufrS uHonf tusdK;ay;onf/ uH\tusdK;ay;yHkonf i½kwfoD;ESifhrwl?
o&ufoD;ESifhom wlonf/
xdkUaMumifh tckukodkvfûy tckrcsrf;omMu? tcktukodkvfûy tckrqif;&JMu/ þvdkjzpfaerIESifh
ywfoufí rauseyfolwdkUu jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmufxm;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®y'ygVdawmfwGif
atmufygtwdkif;ajz½Sif;csuf xkwfjyefcJhavonf-
(u) raumif;rIûyaomolyif jzpfaomfvnf; raumif;rI tusdK;ray;oa½GU umvywfvHk;

tpodkU
aumif;jrwfaom tm½Hkudk awGUjrifEdkifao;\/ raumif;rI tusdK;ay;aom tcgürlum;

raumif;rIûyolonf raumif;usdK;udkom awGUjrif&awmh\/
(c) aumif;rIûyaomolyif jzpfaomfvnf; aumif;rItusdK;ray;oa½GU umvywfvHk;
raumif;aom tm½Hkudk awGUjrifEdkifao;\/ aumif;rI tusdK;ay;aomtcgürlum;
aumif;rIûyolonf aumif;usdK;wdkUudkom awGUjrif&awmh\/ (ck jref 1? 30/)
þuJhodkU tvGefcdkifrmvSaom bk&m;a[m a'oemt& uHonf &ifhusufrS tusdK;ay;onf[laom
0g'onfom Ak'¨\ur®0g' jzpf\/ i½kwfoD;pyfovdkqdkonfrSm Ak'¨\ur®0g'r[kwf? wpfenf;tm;jzifh
txufygbk&m;a[mygVd txift½Sm;½Sdaeí i½kwfoD;ur®0g'udk Ak'¨\ur®0g'jzpfatmifvSnfhpm;aomfvnf;
atmifjrifrnfr[kwfay/
tumvdaum-[laom w&m;*kPfawmft& csufcsif; tusdK;ay;onf qdkonfum; 'ge? oDvpaom
ukodkvfuHrsdK;? ygPmwdygwç t'dEém'gepaom tukodkvfuHrsdK;ESifh vHk;0roufqdkif? avmukwå&mcef;
zGifhaomtcg r*fukodkvfjzpfNyD; csufcsif; zdkvftusdK;ay;onfudkom qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ r*fNyD;
zdkvfvmonfudkom tumvdu udef;ao tcgrvifhjzpfay\/
avmuDukodkvf tukodkvfcef;üum; tcgrvifhr[kwf? tcgvifhonfomjzpfonf/ &ifhusufrSom
tusdK;ay:onf/ þum; Ak'¨\ur®0g' ppfppfaywnf;/
OD;Ouú|\uHt,ltqonf atmufyg bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;ESifh tb,frQavmuf qefUusifyHkudk
qufvufNyD;qdkOD;tHh/
tusdK;ay;&mumvudk ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;[k owfrSwfjcif;onf tusdK;ay;&m umvtm;jzifh
tukodkvf uHoHk;yg;udk a0zefa[mjyaom ed'geokwfa'oemawmfESifh qefUusifaeonf/ pk'dwuwdkU\
a&;om;csufrsm;onf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjypGJqdkonfhtwdkif; bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfESifh
qefUusifonfrSm rjiif;omay/
34/ ydkrdkxif½Sm;ap&ef t*Fkwå&ygVd? 'ouedygwfüvmaom oaÍöweduokwfESifh
u&Zum,okwfwdkUudk tusOf;csHK;íjyvdkayonf/ xdkokwfwdkUü-
]]em[H bdu©a0 oaÍöwedumeH ur®meH uwmeH OypdwmeH tyÜ#doHa0'dwGm AsEÅDbm0H 0'grd?
wÍö acg 'da|0 "ar®m OyyaZÆ0g tya& 0g y&d,ma,}} (tH 3? 497? 503/)
ponfjzifh a[mawmfrlonf/
t"dyÜg,frSm ]]&[ef;wdkU aphaqmf? tm;xkwf? ûyvkyf? qnf;yl;tyfukefaom uHwdkU\tusdK;udk
rcHpm;&bJ uif;aysmufjcif;udk igrqdk? xdktusdK;udkvnf; rsufarSmufb0üjzpfap? tjcm;rJh('kwd,)
b0üjzpfap? aemufb0 tqufqufüjzpfap cHpm;&\ }}(tif jref 3? 487?493/) [kpum;csDawmfrlNyD;vQif
towfoufjcif;paom um,uH ysufpD;rIoHk;rsdK;? r[kwfrrSefajymjcif;paom 0pDuH ysufpD;rIav;rsdK;?
olwpfyg;pnf;pdrfudk rw&m;vdkcsifrI tbdZÑmpaom raemuHysufpD;rIoHk;rsdK;? þtukodkvfuH q,frsdK;udk

tpodkU
aphaqmftm;xkwfrI [laomtaMumif;aMumifh owå0gwdkUonf aoonfrSaemufü i&JodkU a&muf&ukef\/

olUtoufowfjcif;rS a½SmifMuOfjcif;paom um,uHjynfhpHkrIoHk;rsdK;? r[kwfrrSefajymjcif;rS
a½SmifMuOfjcif;paom 0pDuHjynfhpHkrIav;rsdK;? tbdZÑmr½Sdjcif;paom raemuHjynfhpHkrIoHk;rsdK;?
þukodkvfuHq,frsdK;udk aphaqmftm;xkwfrI [laomtaMumif;aMumifh owå0gwdkUonf aoonfrSaemufü
ewfjynfodkUa&muf&ukef\ [ka[mawmfrlonf/
þa'oemawmfwdkUjzifh rsufarSmufb0ü tusdK;ay;aom 'd|"r®a0'eD,uH? 'kwd,b0ü
tusdK;ay;aom OyyZÆa0'eD,uH? wwd,b0rSpí tqufqufaomb0wdkUü tusdK;ay;aom
ty&my&d,a0'eD,uH [lí þuHoHk;rsdK;wdkUudk wdkuf½dkufa0zefí jyawmfrlonf/ xdkUaMumifh
ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;rSm tusdK;ay;onf [laomt,lonf Ak'¨\ur®0g'r[kwfaMumif; odomayonf/
35/ t½Sifom&dykwå&mr[max&fjrwfonfvnf;-
(1) ta[mod ur®H ta[mod ur®0dygaum/
twdwfb0ü jzpfNyD;í twdwfb0ü tusdK;ay;NyD;aomuH?
(2) ta[mod ur®H ea[mod ur®0dygaum/
twdwfb0ü jzpfNyD;í twdwfb0ü tusdK;ay;NyD;r[kwfaomuH?
(3) ta[mod ur®H tw¬d ur®0dygaum/
twdwfb0üjzpfNyD;í ypöKyÜefb0ü tusdK;ay;aomuH?
(4) ta[mod ur®H ew¬d ur®0dygaum/
twdwfb0ü jzpfNyD;í ypöKyÜefb0ü tusdK;ray;aomuH?
(5) ta[mod ur®H b0dówd ur®0dygaum/
twdwfb0ü jzpfNyD;í tem*wfb0ü tusdK;ay;vwåHYaomuH/
(6) ta[mod ur®H eb0dówd ur®0dygaum/
twdwfb0üjzpfNyD;í tem*wfb0ü tusdK;ay;vwåH r[kwfaomuH[lí twdwfuH 6-rsdK;/
(7) tw¬d ur®H tw¬d ur®0dygaum/
ypöKyÜefb0üjzpfí ypöKyÜefb0ü tusdK;ay;aomuH?
(8) tw¬d ur®H ew¬d ur®0dygaum/
ypöKyÜefb0üjzpfí ypöKyÜefb0ü tusdK;ray;aomuH?
(9) tw¬d ur®H b0dówd ur®0dygaum/
ypöKyÜefb0üjzpfí tem*wfb0ü tusdK;ay;vwåHYaomuH?
(10) tw¬d ur®H eb0dówd ur®0dygaum/
ypöKyÜefb0üjzpfí tem*wfb0ü tusdK;ay;vwåHYr[kwfaomuH[lí ypöKyÜefuH 4-rsdK;/
(11) b0dówd ur®H b0dówd ur®0dygaum/

tpodkU
tem*wfb0ü jzpfvwåHYjzpfí tem*wfb0ü tusdK;ay;vwåHYaomuH?

(12) b0dówd ur®H eb0dówd ur®0dygaum/
tem*wfb0ü jzpfvwåYHjzpfí tem*wfb0ü tusdK;ay;vwåHY r[kwfaom uH[lí
tem*wfuH 2-rsdK; wdkUudk a0zefydkif;jcm;í a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf/ (ck 9? 271/)
(y#dorÇd'gr*f ygVdawmf/)
þy#dorÇd'gr*f ygVdawmfuvnf; i½kwfoD;ur®0g'? ykcufESifh acgif;Mum;ur®0g'onf
Ak'¨\ur®0g' r[kwf y,fcsvsuf ½Sdayonf/
36/ þt&mü jrwfpGmbk&m;a0zefa[mMum;onfh Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf? r[mur®0db*F
a'oemawmfudk tusOf;rQazmfjyvdkayao;onf/
aygwvdykwåy&dAdkZf\ tar;udk t½Siford'¨donf cGJjcm;a0zefí ajzqdkoifhvsuf wpfzufowf
ajzqdkrdjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í uHtrsdK;rsdK;udk a0zef a[mMum;awmfrlvdkaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf-
(1) þrsufarSmufb0ü toufowfrIpaom 'kp½dkufq,fyg;wdkUudkûyí aoonfrSaemufü
i&JodkUa&muf&aomyk*¾dKvf?
(2) þrsufarSmufb0ü toufowfrIpaom 'kp½dkufq,fyg;wdkUudkûyí aoonfrSaemufü
ewfjynfodkUa&muf&aomyk*¾dKvf?
(3) þrsufarSmufb0ü toufowfrIrSa½SmifMuOfjcif;paom okp½dkufq,fyg;wdkUudkûyí
aoonfrSaemufü ewfjynfodkUa&muf&aomyk*¾dKvf?
(4) þrsufarSmufb0ü toufowfrIrSa½SmifMuOfjcif;paom okp½dkufq,fyg;wdkUudkûyí
aoonfrSaemufü i&JodkUa&muf&aomyk*¾dKvf?
þav;rsdK;wdkYudk rmwdum(acgif;pOf)xm;í wpfyg;aom orP jAm[®PwdkU\ t,lwdkUwGif
cGifhûyEdkifaomt,l? cGifhrûyEdkifaomt,lwdkUudk a0zefawmfrlNyD;vQif tcsKyftm;jzifh þodkUa[mawmfrlonf/
(1) yXryk*¾dKvfonf xdk'kp½dkufuH\ a½SUtzdkU? aemuftzdkUü 'ku©a0'em\ taMumif;jzpfaom
,kwfrmaomuHudk ûy\/ aocgeD; umvüvnf; rdpämt,ludk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk aqmufwnf\/
xdk,kwfrmaom uHaMumifh i&JodkU a&muf&onf/ vlUb0ü ûycJhonfh toufowfrIpaom
uH\tusdK;udk rsufarSmufb0ü jzpfap? 'kwd,b0üjzpfap? wpfyg;aom xdkxdkb0üjzpfap
cHpm;&\/
(2) 'kwd,yk*¾dKvfonf xdk'kp½dkufuH\ a½SUtzdkU? aemuftzdkUü okca0'em\ taMumif;jzpfaom
aumif;aomuHudk ûy\/ aocgeD; umvüvnf; or®mt,ludk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk
aqmufwnf\/ xdkaumif;aom uHaMumifh ewfjynfodkU a&muf&\/ vlUb0ü ûycJhonfh
toufowfrIpaom uH\tusdK;udk rsufarSmufb0ü jzpfap? 'kwd,b0üjzpfap?
wpfyg;aom xdkxdkb0üjzpfap cHpm;&\/

tpodkU
(3) wwd,yk*¾dKvfonf xdkokp½dkufuH\ a½SUtzdkU? aemuftzdkUü okca0'em\

taMumif;jzpfaom aumif;aomuHaMumifh ewfjynfodkU a&muf&onf/ vlUb0ü ûycJhonfh
toufowfrIrS a½SmifMuOfjcif;paom uH\tusdK;udk rsufarSmufb0üjzpfap?
'kwd,b0üjzpfap? wpfyg;aom xdkxdkb0üjzpfap cHpm;&\/
(4) pwkw¬yk*¾dKvfonf xdkokp½dkufuH\ a½SUtzdkU? aemuftzdkUü 'ku©a0'em\ taMumif;jzpfaom
,kwfrmaomuHudk ûy\/ aocgeD; umvüvnf; rdpämt,ludk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk aqmufwnf\/
xdk,kwfrmaom uHaMumifh i&JodkU a&muf&onf/ vlUb0ü ûycJhonfh toufowfrIrS
a½SmifMuOfjcif;paom uH\tusdK;udk rsufarSmufb0üjzpfap? 'kwd,b0üjzpfap?
wpfyg;aom xdkxdkb0üjzpfap cHpm;&\/ (r jref 3? 25-rS-260/)
þOy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf? r[mur®0db*Fokwft&vnf; i½kwfoD;ur®0g'ESifh ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;
ur®0g'onf bk&m;w&m;ESifh roufqdkifaom OD;Ouú|\ omoemjyify0g'omjzpfaMumif; odomayonf/
37/ xdkUjyif-
(1) *wdorÜwdå = vlewfjA[®m[laom aumif;aomb0?
(2) Oy"dorÜwdå = vSyjynfhpHkaom ½kyfqif;t*Fg?
(3) umvorÜwdå = rif;aumif;? vlaumif;wdkUjzpf&m acwfumvaumif;?
(4) ya,m*orÜwdå = aumif;aomvHkUvya,m* todtvdr®m?
þav;yg;wdkUonf ukodkvfuHtusdK;ay;cGifh&&ef taMumif;rsm;jzpfukef\/
(1) *wd0dywåd = tyg,fav;yg;[laom raumif;aomb0?
(2) Oy"d0dywåd = rvSy? rjynfhpHkaom ½kyfqif;t*Fg?
(3) umv0dywåd = rif;qdk;? vlqdk;wdkUjzpf&m acwfqdk;acwfysuf?
(4) ya,m*0dywåd = rSm;,Gif;aomvHkUvya,m*ESifh todtvdr®mr½Sdjcif;ç
þav;yg;wdkYonf tukodkvfuHtusdK;ay;cGifh&&eftaMumif;rsm;jzpfukef\/
tcsdKU tukodkvfwdkUonf orÜwdåESifh êuHêudufonfhtcg tusdK;ay;cGifh r&MubJ? 0dywådESifh êuHêuduf
onfhtcg tusdK;ay;Muukef\/ tcsdKU ukodkvfuHwdkUonf 0dywådESifh êuHêudufonfhtcg tusdK;ay;cGifh
r&MubJ? orÜwdåESifh êuHêudufonfhtcg tusdK;ay;Muukef\ [lívnf; uHwdkU\ tusdK;ay;[ef?
ray;[efwdkUudk 0dbif;ygVdawmfBuD;ü tus,fa0zef a[mMum;awmfrlonf (tbd 2? 351/) / xdkUaMumifh
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf -
]]wzef xdkUjyifvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf twdwf? tem*wf? ypöKyÜefjzpfonfh aqmufwnftyfaom
uHwdkU\ tusdK;udk taxmuftyHhtaMumif; jzpfapwwfaom taMumif;tm;jzifh [kwfrSefpGm odawmfrl\/
twdwf? tem*wf? ypöKyÜefjzpfonfh aqmufwnftyfaom uHwdkU\ tusdK;udk taxmuftyHhtaMumif;

tpodkU
jzpfapwwfaom taMumif;tm;jzifh [kwfrSefpGm odaMumif;jzpfaom þÓPfawmfonf bk&m;½Sif\

ÓPfawmftm;aywnf;/ ,if; tm;awmfodkUa&mufí (,if; tm;awmfudk taMumif;ûyí) bk&m;½Sifonf
jrwfaom oAÁñkwÓPft&mudk 0efcHawmfrl\/ y&dwfowfwdkUü r½GHUraMumuf jcaoFha[mufouJhodkU
&J&Jawmuf rdefU>rufawmfrl\/ jrwfaom"r®pufudk vnfapawmfrl\}}[k jcaoFha[mufouJhodkU &J&Jawmuf
êuH;0g;awmfrlcJhavonf/ (0dbif;ygVdawmf-329)
38/ þodkU jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkif twdwf? tem*wf? ypöKyÜefuHESifh xdkuHwdkU\
tusdK;w&m;wdkUudk cGJjcm;ydkifydkif odjrifEdkifonfh oAÁñkwÓPfwnf;[laom wxm*w\ tm;awmfjrwfudk
ykwfcwfapmfum;? y,f½Sm;wm;jrpfvsuf ]]ukodkvf? tukodkvfuHwdkU\ tusdK;w&m;ESifh ewfbHk?
i&JbHkrsm;onf pdwful; oufoufjzihf vlom;\pdwfudk jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifjcif;ç
ajcmufvSefUjcif;omjzpfonf}}[lívnf;aumif;? ]],ckb0 aumif;pm;csrf;omaejcif;onf a½S;a½S;b0u
ukodkvfuHaMumifhr[kwf? ,ckb0tvkyf\ aus;Zl;oufoufjzpfonf}}[lívnf;aumif;? Ak'¨\ ur®0g'um;
ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;om jzpfonf}}[lí vnf;aumif;? ]]ur®óuwvrf;pOfonf jAm[®Pa0'rS
jrpfzsm;cHvmonf}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]Ak'¨\ rl&if;a'oemü twdwfuHudk tpGJûyaom
y&rÜ&umrm0p&ukodkvf? tukodkvfusdK;udk vufcH,HkMunf&ef rygr½Sd}}[lívnf;aumif; a&;om;
a[majymaeMuaom OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvdkufwpfpkwdkU\ t,lonf uH-uH\ tusdK;udky,f½Sm;aom
ru©vda*gomv wdw¬dq&mBuD;\ rdpämt,lrsdK;om jzpfonfrSm ,HkrSm;zG,f r½Sdacs/
39/ xdkuH-uH\tusdK;udk y,faomwdw¬dt,l0g'udk t*kFwådK&fygVdawmf? wduedygwf?
auourÁv okwfü þodkU jrwfpGmbk&m; ½Iwfcsawmfrl\/
]]&[ef;wdkU csnfrQifjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf[lorQwdkUwGif vlqHcsnfrQifjzifh &ufxm;tyfaom
urÁvmudk t,kwfnHhqHk;t0wf[k qdkxdkuf\/ &[ef;wdkU vlqHcsnfrQifjzifh &uftyfaom urÁvmonf
at;aom&moDü tvGefat;\/ yltdkufaom&moDü tvGefyltdkuf\/ tqif;vnf;rvS? teHUvnf;raumif;?
Murf;wrf;aomtawGUvnf; ½Sd\/ &[ef;wdkU þwlomvQif rsm;pGmukefaom orP jAm[®PwdkU\
t,l0g'[lorQwdkUwGif ru©vda*gomv\ t,l0g'udk t,kwfnHhqHk;[k qdkxdkuf\/
&[ef;wdkU r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;a,mufsm;jzpfonfh ru©vda*gomvonf ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHr½Sd?
ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfrIr½Sd? tm;xkwftyfaom 0D&d,r½Sd[k ajymqdkavh ½Sd\/ þodkU,lavh ½Sd\/
&[ef;wdkU a½S;vGefavNyD;aom umvü yGifhawmfrlukefNyD;aom? ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom?
w&m;tm;vHk;udk udk,fwdkifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom bk&m;½SifwdkUonfvnf; ]]ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH ½Sd\/
ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfrI ½Sd\/ tm;xkwftyfaom0D&d, ½Sd\}}[k a[mawmfrlukefNyD/ &[ef;wdkU
r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaoma,mufsm; ru©vda*gomvonf xdkyGifhawmfrlukefNyD;aom bk&m;½SifwdkUudkvnf;
ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHr½Sd? ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfrIr½Sd? tm;xkwftyfaom0D&d, r½Sd[k
wm;jrpf\/

tpodkU
&[ef;wdkU aemiftem*wfumvü yGifhawmfrlvwåHUaom? ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom? w&m;

tvHk;pHkudk udk,fwdkifrSefpGm odawmfrlaombk&m;½SifwdkUonfvnf; ]]ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH ½Sd\/ ukodkvfuH?
tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfrI ½Sd\/ tm;xkwftyfaom0D&d, ½Sd\}}[k a[mawmfrlukefvwåHU/ &[ef;wdkU ,cktcgü
ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom? w&m;tvHk;pHkudk udk,fwdkifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom igbk&m;onfvnf;
]]ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH ½Sd\/ ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfrI ½Sd\/ tm;xkwftyfaom0D&d, ½Sd\}}[k
a[mawmfrl\/
&[ef;wdkU r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;a,mufsm;jzpfonfh ru©vda*gomvonf yGifhawmfrlNyD;?
yGifhawmfrlvwåHU bk&m;½SifwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? igbk&m;udkvnf;aumif; ]]ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHr½Sd?
ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfrIr½Sd? tm;xkwftyfaom0D&d, r½Sd}}[k wm;jrpfbd\/
&[ef;wdkU ,cktcgü ylaZmftxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom? tvHk;pHkaomw&m;wdkUudk udk,fwdkifrSefpGm
odawmfrlaom igbk&m;onfvnf; ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuH ½Sd\/ ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfrI
½Sd\/ tm;xkwftyfaom0D&d, ½Sd\[k a[mawmfrl\/ &[ef;wdkU r*fzdkvfrS tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaoma,mufsm;
ru©vda*gomvonf ighudkvnf; ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHonfr½Sd? ukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfrIr½Sd?
tm;xkwftyfaom0D&d, r½Sd[k wm;jrpf\/
&[ef;wdkU jrpfqHkjrpf0ü axmifxm;tyfaomjr§HK;onf rsm;pGmukefaom ig;wdkU\ tpD;tyGm;rJh&ef?
qif;&J&ef? tusdK;rJhysufpD;&efjzpfouJhodkU? þtwlomvQif vlaxmifjr§HK;yrm avmuü jzpfay:vmaom
tcsnf;ESD;a,mufsm; ru©vda*gomvonf rsm;pGmaomowå0gwdkU tpD;tyGm;rJh&ef? qif;&J&ef? tusdK;rJh
ysufpD;&efjzpfayonf}}[k rdefUawmfrlavonf/ (tif jref 1? 307-308/)
þbk&m;½Sif\ rdefUcGef;awmfESifhtnD OD;Ouú|onfvnf; wdw¬dBuD;ru©vda*gomvyrm jzpf\/
pk'dwuwynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqdkifrStp or®m'd|dokawoeorm;rsm; tp½Sdaom owå0gtrsm;
tpD;tyGm;rJh&ef? qif;&J&ef? tusdK;rJhysufpD;&ef jzpfay:vmaom vlaxmifjr§HK;BuD;jzpfonf[kom
qdkoifhayawmhonf/ a*gwr bk&m;wpfqludkomru? bk&m;tqlqludk qefUusifol? wm;jrpfol
jzpfayonf/
(c)trSwfaom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf
40/ (c)]],ckb0ü csrf;omjcif;udk a½S;a½S;b0u ukodkvfuHaMumifh[k ,HkMunfvQif ykaAÁuw
a[wk'd|d jzpfonf/ t"r®jzpfonf/}}[laompum;&yfudkvnf; ur®óuwÓPfESifh ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dudk
uGJjym;pGm rodem;rvnfjcif;aMumifh qdkrdjcif;jzpfayonf/ ur®óuwÓPfESifh ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dwdkUum;
tenf;i,frQrwlay/
uH-uH\tusdK;onf ½Sd\/ ukodkvfuHaMumifh aumif;aomtusdK; jzpfonf/ tukodkvfuHaMumifh

tpodkU
raumif;aomtusdK; jzpfonf[k odaomÓPfonf ur®óuwÓPf rnf\/ tvª\tusdK;onf

½Sd\ponfjzifh jzpfaomÓPf? opömEkavmrduac: 0dyóemÓPfudkxm;í tm;vHk;aom avmuD
ukodkvfÓPfonf ur®óuwÓPfrnf\[k 0dbif;ygVdawmf 341-üvmonf/
csrf;omcHpm;&jcif; tm;vHk;onf a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfonf/ qif;&JcHpm;&jcif;
tm;vHk;onfvnf; a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfonf/ rqif;&J? rcsrf;om Oayu©mcHpm;&jcif;
tm;vHk;onfvnf; a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfonf/ olUtoufowfjcif;ç olUOpömcdk;jcif;
wdkUonfvnf; a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfMuonf/ rnfonfht&mrqdk jzpfjzpforQonf
a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfMuonf[k a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;udkcsnf; tjrwfwEdk;
,HkMunfpGJvrf;rIonf ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|d jzpfonf/ ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dudk odem;vnfMuap&ef
jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonfhpum;&yfrS t"dyÜg,frysuf tusOf;csHK;í jyvdkayonf/
]]&[ef;wdkU þowå0gonf tvHk;pHkaom csrf;omrIokcudk vnf;aumif;? qif;&JrI'ku©udk
vnf;aumif;? rqif;&J? rcsrf;om(vspfvsL½IrI) Oayu©mudk vnf;aumif; a½S;uûycJhzl;aom
taMumif;aMumifhom cHpm;&\}}[k ajymavh,lav½&Sdaom orPjAm[®PtcsdKUwdkU ½Sdukef\/
xdkorPjAm[®PwdkUodkU csOf;uyfí t½SifwdkU þowå0gonf tvHk;pHkaom okc? 'ku©? Oayu©mudk
a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom cHpm;&\[k oifwdkU ajymavh,lavh½SdMu\[lonf rSefoavm[k
igar;\/ rSef\[k xdkolwdkUuvnf; 0efcHMu\/ t½SifwdkU odkUjzpfvQif olUtoufudk owfavh½SdolwdkUonf
a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfMu&vdrhfrnf/ rjrwfaomtusifhudk usifholwdkUonf
a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfMu&vdrfhrnf/ rkom;ajymolwdkUonf a½S;uûycJhzl;aom
taMumif;aMumifhom jzpf&vdrfhrnf/ ukef;wdkufpum;? Murf;wrf; aompum;? Nydefzsifa;ompum;udk
ajymolwdkUonf a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfMu&vdrfhrnf/ olwpfyg;pnf;pdrfudk
rufarmav½&Sdol? ysufpD;apvdkpdwf½Sdol? rSm;aomt,l½SdolwdkUonf a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhom
jzpfMu&vdrfhrnf[k igqdk\/
&[ef;wdkU a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;udkomvQif tjrwfwEdk; ,HkMunfpGJvrf;MuolwdkUtm;
þtrIudpöudk ûy&ef? rûy&ef tvdkqE´? tm;xkwfrI 0D&d,onf rjzpfEdkifawmhacs/ þodkU ûyoifhonf?
rûyoifhonfudk trSeftuef? tcdkiftjrJr&cJhaomf owdvGwfuif; apmifhpnf;jcif;r½SdbJ aeolwdkUtwGuf
toD;tjcm; taMumif;ESifhwuGjzpfaom orP0g' r½SdEdkifawmhacs/ &[ef;wdkU þonfum;
þodkUajymavh,lav½&Sdaom orPjAm[®PwdkUü taMumif;ESifhwuG ig\yXrESdyfjcif;wnf;}} (tif jref 1?
192? 193/)
þwdw¬,weokwfvm bk&m;a[mw&m;udk em;vnfolrSeforQonf ,ckb0ü csrf;omjcif;onf
a½S;ukodkvfuHaMumifh[k ,lqcsufudk t"r®[krqdkcJhMuay/
41/ ur®óuwÓPfESifh ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|dwdkU\ xl;jcm;yHkudk em;vnfcJhMuonfhtwGuf

tpodkU
t|uxmq&mBuD;u þodkU qufvuf½Sif;jyxm;\/ cHpm;rI a0'emonf ukodkvfuH?

tukodkvfuHESifh,SOfaom ur®a0'em? ud&d,mpdwfü,SOfaom ud&d,a0'em? 0dygufpdwfü,SOfaom
0dygua0'em[lí oHk;rsdK; ½Sd\/ xdkoHk;rsdK;wdkUwGif ur®a0'em? ud&d,a0'emwdkUonf a½S;uûycJhzl;aom
taMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf r[kwf? vuf½SdawGUêuHvmaom taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;aMumifh jzpfonf/
0dygua0'emonfomvQif a½S;uûycJhzl;aom taMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf[k odjrif,lqjcif;onf
ur®óuwor®m'd|djzpfonf/ ur®a0'em? ud&d,a0'em? 0dygua0'emoHk;rsdK;vHk;onf a½S;uûycJhzl;aom
taMumif;aMumifhom jzpf\[k vufcH,HkMunfjcif;onfom ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|djzpfonf/
tema&m*gwdkUonf onf;ajcaMumifhjzpfaom tema&m*g? ovdyfaMumifhjzpfaom tema&m*g?
avaMumifhjzpfaom tema&m*g? xdkoHk;rsdK;aygif;qHk usa&mufrI oEédygwfaMumifhjzpfaom tema&m*g?
OwkazmufjyefrIaMumifhjzpfaom tema&m*g? cE¨mudk,fudk rnDrñGwf? rrQrw aqmif½Gufjcif;aMumifh
jzpfaom tema&m*g? vHkvtm;xkwf ûyvkyfjcif;aMumifhjzpfaom tema&m*g? uH\tusdK;aMumifhjzpfaom
tema&m*g[lí ½SpfrsdK;½SdMu\/
xdka&m*g ½SpfrsdK;wdkUudk oufqdkif&m taMumif;w&m;wdkUaMumifh jzpfonf[k odjrifjcif;onf
ur®óuwor®m'd|d jzpf\/ ]]tema&m*g rSeforQ a½S;uHaMumifhom jzpfonf[k ,lqjcif;onf}}
ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|d jzpf\/
rsufarSmufb0ü cHpm;tyfaom tusdK;½Sdaom (rsufarSmufb0ü tusdK;ay;aom) 'd|"r®a0'eD,uH?
'kwd,b0ü uyfa&mufí cHpm;tyfaom tusdK;½Sdaom ('kwd,b0ü tusdK;ay;aom) OyyZÆa0'eD,uH?
tqufqufaom b0ü cHpm;tyfaom tusdK;½Sdaom (tqufqufaomb0ü tusdK;ay;aom)
ty&my&d,a0'eD,uH[lí uHoHk;rsdK;wdkUudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;awmfrlonf/ xdkuHoHk;rsdK;vHk;udk odjrif
,HkMunfjcif;onf ur®óuwor®m'd|d jzpf\/ a½SUESpfrsdK;wdkUudk y,fí ty&my&d,a0'eD,uH
wpfrsdK;udkom vufcH ,HkMunfjcif;onf ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|djzpfonf/
rsufarSmufb0ü cHpm;&aomtusdK;? 'kwd,b0ü cHpm;&aomtusdK;? tqufqufb0ü cHpm;&aom
tusdK;[lí uH\tusdK;oHk;rsdK;wdkUudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;awmfrlonf/ xdkoHk;rsdK;wdkUudk odjrif
,HkMunfjcif;onf ur®óuwor®m'd|d jzpf\/ a½SUESpfrsdK;wdkUudk y,fí ty&my&d, tqufquftusdK;
wpfrsdK;udkom vufcH ,HkMunfjcif;onf ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|djzpfonf/
ukodkvfapwem? tukodkvfapwem? 0dyguapwem? ud&d,apwem av;rsdK;wdkUudk jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mxm;awmfrlonf/ xdkav;rsdK;vHk;udk odjrif,HkMunfjcif;onf ur®óuwor®m'd|d jzpf\/ 0dygu
apwemrS wpfyg;aom apwemoHk;rsdK;wdkUudk y,fí 0dyguapwem wpfrsdK;udkom vufcH,HkMunfjcif;onf
ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|d jzpf\/ (tH | 2? 156/)
42/ þodkUvQif ur®óuwor®m'd|dESifh ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|donf wGif;xGufpdefESifh
csufausmufyrm vGefpGm uGJjym;jcm;em;vSayonf/ ,if;odkU vGefpGmuGJjym;jcm;em;onf\ tjzpfudkvnf;

tpodkU
t|uxmtqdkudk rMunfh½Irdapumrl jrwfpGmbk&m;\ 'kwd,0guspum;awmfjzifhyif ay:vGifxif½Sm;pGm

odEdkifayonf/ ,if;odkU odEdkifygvsuf aemuf0gus pum;&yfudk csefvSyf0Sufxm;í wpfyg;olrsm;
,HkrSm;oHo, jzpfavatmif MuHaqmifvsuf ]],ckb0 csrf;om<u,f0jcif;onf a½S;uHaMumifhjzpfonf[k
,HkMunfvQif ykaAÁuw a[wk'd|d jzpfonf/ bk&m;u t"r®[ka[monf}}[ka&;om; a[majymjcif;onf
OD;Ouú|taejzifh ur®óuwÓPfESifh ykaAÁuwa[wk'd|d jcm;em;csufudk trSefwu,f rodí
a&;om;a[majymrdjcif;avm[k xifrSwfzG,fr½Sd? omoemawmfudk tajctjrpfrSvSefí wl;ûzdzsufqD;ypf&ef
&nf½G,fcsufjzifh a&;om; a[majymjcif;om jzpfonf/
trSefpifppf OD;Ouú|onf pu©K? aomw? Cme? Zd0Sg? um,[laom yom'½kyf ig;yg;udkom
toHk;csonfh ½kyf0g'DwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; ae&mrsm;pGmü a&;om;a[majym qHk;raeonfudk awGUMu&onfjzpfí
Ak'¨0g'udk ½kyf0g'tjrifjzifh MunfhNyD; a&;om;aejcif;om jzpfonf/ odkUwnf;r[kwf ol\½kyf0g'udk Ak'¨"r®
tultnD,lNyD; xlaxmifjcif;jzpfonf/ odkUwnf;r[kwf Ak'¨"r®rsm;udk ½kyf0g'rsm;jzpfatmif yufyufpufpuf
omoemxJ0ifNyD; zsufqD;jcif;jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyf ,lqawmfrlMuonf/
(*) trSwfjyaom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

43/ (*) ]]ukodkvf? tukodkvftaMumif;aMumifh tusdK;qufjzpfonf[laom
ur®óuwmvrf;pOfonf jAm[®Pa0'rS jrpfzsm;cHvmonf/ oHo&m vnfaea&;udkom tm;ay;aomw&m;
jzpfonf}}[laom a&;om;csufvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;a'oemESifh zDvmjzpfaom a&;om;csufjzpfonf/ Ak'¨"r®
tppfrsm;udk jAm[®P0g'[korkwfNyD; jynfolvlxk xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfatmif zefwD;jcif;om jzpfavonf/
ur®óuwmor®m'd|donf ukodkvfw&m; tm;vHk;wdkU\ tajccHt&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/ ur®óuwmor®m'd|d
½SdrSomvQif tukodkvfudkvnf; a½SmifMuOfEdkifonf/ 'ge? oDv? bm0em ukodkvfw&m;wdkUudkvnf; jzpfyGm;
apEdkifonf/ xdkUaMumifh þur®óuwmor®m'd|dESifh oDvudk ukodkvfw&m;wdkU\ tp[lí jrwfpGmbk&m;
þodkU a[mawmfrlonf/
wo®mwd[ wGH bdu©K tm'dar0 0daoma"[d ukoavok "ar®ok/ aum pm'd ukovmeH
"r®meH? oDvÍö ok 0dok'¨H 'd|d p OZkum/ (oH 3/ 124/)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef; oif w&m;awmif;yefjcif; taMumif;aMumifh oifonf ukodkvfw&m;wdkUü tpydkif;udkom
okwfoif pifMu,fapOD;avmh/ ukodkvfw&m;wdkU\ tpydkif;[lonf tb,fenf;? pifMu,faomoDvESifh
ajzmifhrwfaomt,lyifwnf;/
&[ef; odkUjzpfvQif oifonf ukodkvfw&m;wdkUü tpudkyif okwfoifavmh/ ukodkvfw&m;wdkU\
tpum; tb,fenf;/ aumif;pGm pifMu,faomoDvESifh ajzmifhrwfaomt,lyifwnf;/ (oH jref 3/ 129/)
44/ þur®óuwmor®m'd|dESihf jynfhpHkaom olonfomvQif t,lrSef½Sdol?

tpodkU
ajzmifhrwfaomt,l½Sdol? w&m;awmfü rwkefrvIyf ouf0ifMunfñdkoljzpfí olawmfaumif;w&m;[laom

omoemawmfodkU a&mufvmol (omoemhEG,f0if) jzpfaMumif;udk or®m'd|dokwfü þodkU a[mawmfrlonf/
igh½Sif...t&d,mwynfhonf tukodkvf tukodkvf\ taMumif;&if;? ukodkvf ukodkvf\
taMumif;&if;udk cGJjcm;í od\/ igh½SifwdkU þrQjzifhvnf; t&d,mwynfhonf t,lrSef½Sdol jzpf\/ xdkol\
t,lonf ajzmifhrwf\/ w&m;awmfü rwkefrvIyf ouf0ifMunfñdkrIESifh jynfhpHkvsuf
olawmfaumif;w&m;wnf;[laom omoemawmfodkU a&mufvmol jzpf\/ (rlvyPÖmoygVd-57)
45/ þw&m;a'oemawmfrsm;udk axmufxm;í ur®óuwÓPf (ur®óuwor®m'd|d)onf
jAm[®Pa0'rS oGif;,lxm;aom w&m;r[kwf? bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmfrlxm;aom w&m;
jzpfonfudk oHo, uif;uif;½Sif;½Sif; rSwf,l&m\/
]]avmuonf uHaMumifh jzpf\/ owå0gtaygif;onf uHaMumifh jzpf\/ oGm;aeaom &xm;\
em;yef;pGef;uJhodkU owå0gwdkUudk uHu zGJUpyfxm;\/}} (r jref 2/ 418/)
(owå0gonf) uHaMumifh ausmfapmjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? csD;rGrf;jcif;udkvnf;aumif; &\/ uHaMumifh
qHk;½IH;jcif;udkvnf;aumif;? owfjzwfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? aESmifzGJUjcif;udkvnf;aumif; &\/
txl;xl;ûywwfaom xdkuHudk odvwfaomf avmuü uHonf r½Sd[lí tb,fhaMumifh ajymqdk&mtHhenf;}}
(tbd jref 4-'k/ 292/) (uxm0w¬KygVdawmf jrefrmjyef)
(C)trSwfjyaom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf
46/ (C) ur®óuwmvrf;pOfudk oHo&mvnfa&;vrf;pOf[k OD;Ouú|u pGyfpGJjyefonf/
ur®óuwÓPf[k qdktyfaom 'd|dZkur®yknud&d,0w¬Konf oHo&mvnfa&;udk tm;ay;aomw&m;
[kwf-r[kwfudk pdppfMuukeftHh/
ur®óuwÓPf[lonf ]]'kp½dkufq,fyg;onf tusdK;pD;yGm;wdkUudk zsufqD;wwf? tusdK;rJhudk
jzpfapwwfaomaMumifh udk,fydkifOpömjzpfaom uHr[kwf? okp½dkufonf tusdK;rJhwdkUudk zsufqD;wwf?
tusdK;pD;yGm;wdkUudk jzpfapwwfaomaMumifh udk,fydkifOpömjzpfaom uHrnf\}}[k odwwfaomÓPfyifwnf;/
xdkÓPfü wnfí 'ge? oDv? Oaygoxpaom aumif;rIwdkUudkûyvsuf csrf;ompnf;pdrf tqifhqifh
cHpm;NyD;vQif edAÁmefodkU a&mufMuolwdkUrSm *Pef;csí rjyEdkifatmif rsm;jym;vSonfudk oar®m[0daem'eD
t|uxm ESm-397- ü þodkU jyqdkxm;ayonf/
]]OpömjynfhpHk uHkvHk<u,f0aom a,mufsm;onf vSnf;aygif;ig;&mwdkUü axmywf? ysm;&nf? wifvJ?
qm;? ESrf;? qefpaom &du©mrsm;udkwifí uEÅm&c&D;cJudk oGm;onf½Sdaomf wpfpHkwpfck ûyzG,fudpö
jzpfay:vmygu toHk;taqmiftm;vHk; ,lcJhNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh awmifawmifþþ MuHpnfxdwfvefUrI r½SdbJ
ab;r½Sd&m t&yfodkU a&mufEdkifouJhodkU? þtwl('kp½dkufq,fyg;onf udk,fydkifOpömr[kwf?
okp½dkufq,fyg;onf udk,fydkifOpömjzpfonf[k odpGrf;Edkifaom) ur®óuwÓPfü wnfvsuf

tpodkU
rsm;pGmaomtvªudk ay;vª? oDvudkjznfhusifh? Oykofudk aqmufwnfí csrf;omtqifhqifh?

pnf;pdrftqifhqifh cHpm;NyD;vQif edAÁmefodkU a&mufukefaom olawmfaumif;wdkU\ ta&twGufum;
tydkif;tjcm;r½SdEdkif? *Pef;rjyEdkif}}/ (tbd? |? 2? 497/)
47/ tcgwpfyg; a0omvDjynfom; O*¾ol<u,fonf jrwfpGmbk&m;trª;½Sdaom oHCmawmfudk
rdrdtdrfodkUyifhzdwfí ESpfûcdufzG,fjzpfaom vªzG,f0w¬KwdkUudk pDrHNyD;vQif ]]t½Sifbk&m; ESpfûcdufzG,fypönf;
0w¬Kudk ay;vªolonf ESpfûcdufzG,ftusdK;udk &\}}[k jrwfpGmbk&m; rsufarSmufawmfrS wynhfawmf
Mum;em&zl;ygonf/ wynfhawmf\ þtifMuif;yGifhESifhwlaom cJzG,fponfrsm;onf ESpfûcdufzG,f½Sdygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmftm; oem;apmifha½Smuf csD;ajr§mufaomtm;jzifh xdkvªzG,f0w¬KwdkUudk tvªcH
awmfrlyg}}[k avQmufxm;í vª'gef;avonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tvªcHawmfrlNyD; ]]remy'g,D vbaw
remyH}}paom ESpf*gxmwdkUjzifh tEkarm'em ûyawmfrlonf/
t"dyÜg,frSm-]]ESpfûcdufzG,fudk ay;vªolonf ESpfûcdufzG,ftusdK;udk &Edkif\/ tMuifolonf
ajzmifhrwfaom tvªcHyk*¾dKvfwdkUü vdkvdkcsifcsif t0wfouFef;? tdyf&mae&m? qGrf;abmZOf? tazsmf,rumESifh
trsdK;rsdK;aom vªzG,fypönf;wdkUudk ay;vª\/
v,f,majraumif;ESifhwlaom &[EÅmwdkUudkodí pGefUvTwfcsD;ajr§muftyf\/ ESpfûcdufzG,fudk
ay;vªaom xdkolawmfaumif;onf pGefUEdkifcJonfudk pGefUí ESpfûcdufzG,ftusdK;udk &\/
aemiftcg O*¾ol<u,fonf pkawNyD;vQif ok'¨g0gojA[®bHküjzpfí t&[wåzdkvfodkU a&mufum
jrwfpGmbk&m;xHawmfodkU tzl;tajrmf vma&mufavonf/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]O*¾...todkUenf;
(b,fhES,fvJ) oifhtm; tvdktwdkif; jynfhpHk\avm}}[k ar;awmfrlav&m ]]t½Sifbk&m; wynfhawmftm;
tvdktwdkif; pifppf jynfhpHkyg\}}[k avQmufavonf/ O*¾ol<u,f tvdk½Sdaom tusdK;um; t&[wåzdkvf
jzpfonf/ xdkt&[wåzdkvfudk&í tvdktwdkif; jynfhpHkyg\[k avQmufavonf/
(t*Fkwå& yÍöuedygwygVd 42 rS 45? ,if;t|uxm 23 rS 25 )
OD;Ouú|\ pGyfpGJcsuftwdkif; uHûyvQif oHo&mvnfonfqdkygu O*¾ol<u,f &[EÅmjzpfrnf r[kwf/
,ckrl ukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfaom O*¾ol<u,f &[EÅmjzpfí oHo&mjywfavNyD/ þw&m;awmf jzpf&yfrSefudk
axmufí OD;Ouú|onf pnf;vGwf0g;vGwf wm0efrJh a&;om;a[majymaom? omoemudk zsufqD;olom
jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/
48/ xdkUjyif ur®óuwmvrf;pOfESifh pyfvsOf;í a[mMum;csufrsm;pGm ½Sdayao;\/
t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? wduedygwfü þodkUa[mawmfrl\/
]]tMuifolwdkUonfum; ynm½SdwdkU csD;rGrf;tyfaom ynm½Sd olawmfaumif;wdkUudk
rSD0Jqnf;uyfukef\/ xdkolwdkU\ o'¨gw&m;onfum; jrwfpGmbk&m;ü tjrpfozG,f jzpfí wnf\/
xdkynm½SdwdkUonf ewfjynfodkUvnf; vm;a&muf&ukef\/ þvlUjynf0,f jrwfaomtrsdK;üvnf;
jzpf&ukef\/ tpOfojzifh edAÁmefodkU a&muf&ukef\}} (tif jref? 1? 108/)

tpodkU
49/ ck'úygXygVdawmf? ed"du@okwfüvnf; þodkUa[mMum;\/ ]]vlUjynf½Sd pnf;pdrfOpömudk

vnf;aumif; ewfjynfü arGUavsmfzG,fudkvnf;aumif; edAÁmefcsrf;omudkvnf;aumif; tusdK;tm;vHk;udk
xdkukodkvfa½Ttdk;aMumifh &Edkif\}} (ck jref 1? 9/)
50/ yXmef;ygVdawmfBuD;ü ur®óuwÓPf ukodkvfuHudk tajcûyí oHo&mjywfNyD;
edAÁmef&yftxd a&mufyHkudk þodkU a[mMum;xm;\/
o'H¨ Oyedóm, 'geH a'wd? oDvH orm'd,wd? Oaygoxur®H ua&mwd? psmeH OyÜga'wd?
0dyóeH OyÜga'wd? r*H¾ OyÜga'wd? tbdnH OyÜga'wd? ormywdå OyÜga'wd/
&wemoHk;yg; uH-uH\ tusdK;w&m;tay: ouf0if,HkMunfrIudk trSDûyí (taMumif;ûyí)
tvªay;vª\/ oDv aqmufwnf\? Oykofapmifh\? psmef&atmif tm;xkwfí psmef&\? 0dyóem
ur®|mef;w&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf\? aomwmywådr*fpaom r*fÓPfav;yg;udk jzpfay:&½Sdap\/
tbdnmOfudk jzpfay:&½Sdap\/ ormywfudk jzpfay:&½Sdap\/ (þaumif;usdK; tqufqufum; uH-uH\
tusdK;tay: ouf0if,HkMunfrIrS jrpfzsm;cHcJh\/ uH-uH\ tusdK;udk r,HkMunfvQif o'¨grJhvQif þodkUaom
tusdK;xl; r&Edkif r&ay)/
þokwåeftbd"r®m a'oemawmfwdkUudk axmufí umrm0p& ukodkvfuHonf r*fzdkvfwdkUtm;
yuwlyedó,owådjzifh aus;Zl;ûyum oHo&m0#frS uRwfvGwfxGufajrmuf apEdkifaom w&m;jzpfonf/
oHo&mü vnfapwwfaom w&m;r[kwf[k odomayonf/
oHo&mü vnfapwwfaom w&m;um; ur®óuwmvrf;pOf r[kwf? t0dZÆmESifh wPSmom
jzpfonfudk terw*¾oH,kwf ygVdawmfü þodkU a[mawmfrlavonf/
terwa*¾g,H bdu©a0 oHoma&m? ykAÁmaum#d e ynm,wd t0dZÆmeD0&PmeH owåmeH
wPSmoHa,mZemeH oE¨m0dwH oHo&dwH/ (oH 1? 387/)
t"dyÜm,frSm - ]]&[ef;wdkU þ oHo&m\ tpudk rodEdkif? rodrIt0dZÆmjzifh ydwfzHk;tyfukefonf/
wPSmaESmifêud;jzifh zGJUcsnftyfukefonf jzpfí þb0rS xdkb0? xdkb0rS þb0odkU ajy;oGm;usifvnf
Mu&ukefaom owå0gwdkU\ a½SUtpGef;onf rxif}}/ (oH jref 1? 375/)
xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨0dyóem (1)ü a&;om;xm;aom ur®óuwmvrf;pOfonf azmfjyyg
bk&m;a[ma'oemwdkUESifh vHk;0qefUusifonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
(i) trSwfjy aom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

51/ (1) ]]t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef? uH ocFg&[laom twdwfb0taMumif;uHaMumifh
,ckypöu©b0rSm 0dnmPf? emrf½kyf? oVm,we? zó a0'em[laom tusdK;w&m;rsm;vmí jzpf&onf
ponfjzifh twdwfb0u taMumif;aMumifh ,ckb0wGif tusdK;w&m;rsm;vmí jzpf&ol[laom
t,ltqrsm;rSm twåvrf;pOf 0dnmOfpGJ trSm;w&m;rsm;om jzpfonf}}[laom 0drkwåd&ot&aumufusrf;

tpodkU
ESm-22? 23 wdkUüygaom a&;om;csufonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfudk

twåvrf;pOf0dnmOfpGJ trSm;w&m;[k pGyfpGJxm;aom a&;om;csufom jzpfonf/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fw&m;udk
vufcHoa,mifa,muf wpfae&mü [efjyxm;í þae&mü yufyufpufpuf zsufqD;xm;jcif;om
jzpfayonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemawmfESifh omoeywdw¬dwdkU\ twå0g'wdkU rwluGJjym;
jcm;em;yHkudk trSeftwdkif; oabmayguf em;vnf;Edkif&ef twå0g'udk a½S;OD;pGm jyqdkMuukefthH?
omoemywdw¬dwdkU pGJvrf;xifrSm;aom twåonf y&rwå (y& + twå)? ZD0twå[lí 2 rsdK; ½Sd\/
urÇmavmuBuD;ESifh owå0gawGudk pDrHzefqif;Edkifol r[mjA[®m½Sdonf xm0&bk&m;½Sdonf[k
pGJvrf;xifrSm;rIonf y&rwåpGJjzpfonf/ xdky&rwåpGJvrf;yHkudk oDvu©ef ygVdawmf ESm- 19-20 ü
jyqdkxm;ayonf/ owå0gwpfa,mufwpfa,muf\ toufaumif vdyfjymaumif 0dnmOfaumif ½Sdonf[k
pGJvrf;xifrSm;rIonf ZD0twåpGJjzpfonf/
52/ ZD0twåpGJvrf;yHkum; owå0gwdkU\ cE¨mudk,ftwGif;ü toufaumif? vdyfjymaumif?
0dnmOfaumif[k qdk&aom twå½Sdonf/ xdktwåonf vGefpGm tpGrf;xufjrufonf/
um&u - ûyvkyfzG,f[lorQudk twåuûyvkyfonf/ aumif;rI raumif;rI[lorQudk twå\
owådaMumifh ûyrdMuonf? oGm;vmvkyfudkifrI [lorQ twå\ owådaMumifhom jzpf&onf/
a0'u - aumif;rI raumif;rI\ tusdK;udkvnf; twåu cHpm;onf/ csrf;omrI qif;&JrI paom
cHpm;zG,f[lorQudk twåucsnf; cHpm;onf? ,ckvdk b0u aumif;rI raumif;rIwdkUudk ûycJhvQif aemiftcg
rdrdûycJhaom aumif;rI raumif;rI\ aumif;usdK;qdk;jypfwdkUudk twåuyif cHpm;&vdrfhrnf/
omrd - cE¨mtdrfqdkif&m0,f ydkifotkyfpdk;Edkifaom twåonf cE¨mtdrf\ t½Sifocifjzpfonf/
ed0goD - cE¨mtdrfa[mif; ysufpD;aomtcg cE¨mtdrfopfudk pDrHzefwD;vsuf cE¨mtdrfopfodkU
a½GUajymif; aexdkifonf? cE¨mtdrfom ysufpD;onf? twåaumifum; b,ftcgrQ rysufrpD;bJ
tjrJwnfonf/
o,H0oD - cE¨mudk,fESifh qdkif&m0,f rdrdtvdkodkU vdkufygapEdkifonf/
þum&u? a0'u? omrd? ed0goD? o,H0oD[laom tjcif;t&m ig;rsdK;jzifh twå½SdaMumif;
pGJvrf;xif&Sm;aerIonf twå0g'udk jzpfaponf (0g) ZD0twåpGJ jzpfayonf/ cE¨mudk,fxJrSm
twåoufouf½Sdonf[laom rdpämtjrifaywnf;/
tcsdKUurl cE¨m 5-yg;xJu cE¨mwpfyg;yg;udk twå[k pGJMu\/ cE¨mig;yg;wdkUwGif tcsdKUu
½lyu©E¨mudk twå[k pGJvrf;Muonf/ tcsdKUu 0dnmPu©E¨m (pdwf)udk twå[kpGJvrf;Muonf/ tcsdKUu
a0'emu©E¨mudk tcsdKUu onmu©E¨mudk tcsdKUu ocFg&u©E¨mudk twå[k pGJvrf;Muonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / aoaomol\ Oo®m"mwfysuf *EÄÁ"mwfonf ESvHk;tdrfrS aemufqHk;ysufNyD; ESmacgif;u
xGufvmwJhavxJrSm ygvmNyD;vQif A[d'ävxkxJrSm ysHUESHUoGm;vsuf xdkavudk ½Irdaom rdbavmif;wdkU\

tpodkU
udk,fcE¨mtwGif;odkU a&mufum aoG;xJrSm a&mpyfoGm;NyD;aemuf xdk*EÄÁ"mwfrS vljyefjzpfvmonf[laom

OD;OuúX ocifjrwfqdkifESifh ol\aemufvdkuf aemufygwdkU\ t,lonf ½kyfudk twåpGJvrf;aom twå0g'om
jzpfayonf? rdpäm0g'ppfppfom jzpfawmhonf/ Ak'¨0g' vHk;0r[kwfay/
53/ a½S;b0u ½kyfjzpfap? emrfjzpfap wpfckckonf odkUr[kwf ½kyfemrfESpfrsdK;vHk;onf b0opfü
ygvmonf[k,lvQif oów'd|djzpfonf/ a½S;b0u ½kyfemrf[lorQESifh vHk;0tquftoG,fr½Sd
aemufb0ü aemuf½kyf aemufemrf topfjzpfonf[k ,lvQif Oapä''d|djzpfonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemawmfum; rnfonfhtwå rnfonfh½kyfemrfrQ wdkuf½dkuf
ul;ajymif;vmjcif; r½SdbJ taMumif;aMumifh tusdK;jzpfyHkrQudkom jyaomaMumifh qdkcJhyg twå0g'ESifh
vm;vm;rQ roufqdkif? xdkoów'd|d? Oapä''d|dESpfrsdK;rS uif;vGwfí tewåtjzpfudk xif½Sm;pGm azmfjyaom
a'oemawmfom jzpfonf/
½kyfemrfw&m;wdkUonf þypöu©b0 yuwdumvüyif wpfae&mrS wpfae&modkUvnf;aumif;?
wpfcPrS wpfcPodkUvnf;aumif; rajymif;ra½GU EdkifMuukef? Oyg'f XD bif=jzpf wnf ysufpepfjzifhom
jzpf½SdaeMuayonf/ xdkUaMumifh b0a[mif;rS pkawí b0opf0,f jzpf&mtcgü ]]b0a[mif;rS ½kyfemrfrsm;
ajymif;a½GUygavovm;}}[k tb,frSmvQif ,HkrSm;zG,f ½Sdcsdrfhrnfenf;/
b0topf y#doaE¨ ½kyfemrfcE¨monf b0a[mif;rS ½kyfemrfcE¨mrsm; ajymif;a½GUvmjcif; r[kwf?
odkUaomf t0dZÆm? wPSm? ocFg&wdkUu 0dkif;0ef;pDrHvdkMuojzifhom b0opf y#doaE¨ ½kyfemrf cE¨m
jzpfay:vm&jcif;aMumifh b0a[mif;rS taMumif;rsm;ESifhvnf; ruif;acs/ þodkUom aMumif;usdK;uGif;quf
½Ijrifjcif;onf y#dpöorkyÜg'f oabmjzpfayonf/
54/ xif½Sm;atmif jyOD;thH? twdwfb0ü aocgeD; owå0g\ oEÅÅmef0,f aemufb0ü
y#doaEüsdK;udk ay;rnfhuH tm½Hkjzpfap? xdkuHudkûypOf awGUêuHcJh&aom tajctae (ur®edrdwf) tm½Hkjzpfap
jzpf&rnfhb0ü tajctae (*wdedrdwf) tm½Hkjzpfap? wpfrsdK;rsdK; xifvmjrJ jzpfonf/ xdkaocgeD;
owå0gonf t0dZÆmEko, ruif;ao;aomaMumifh xdktm½Hkü tjypfudk rjrifEdkif wPSmEko,
ruif;ao;aomaMumifh xdktm½Hkudk pGJvrf;ñGwfudkif;aeavonf/ naecsrf;tcgü awmif&dyfBuD;rsm;onf
ajrjyifay:ü t&dyfxdk;í zHk;vTrf;vmouJhodkU xdkuH? ur®edrdwf? *wdedrdwf tm½Hkwpfckckonf pdwftpOfü
vTrf;rdk;í xifaeavonf/ xdkxifay:aeaom tm½Hkudk r&PmoEéaZm 0dnmPfu qkyfudkifxm;ouJhodkU
tm½Hkûyavonf/ xdktcgb0\ aemufqHk;jzpfaom r&PmoEéaZm0dnmPf tm½HkûycJhaom uH? ur®edrdwf?
*wdedrdwf? tm½Hkwpfckckudkyif tm½Hkûyvsuf b0opf0,f y#doaE¨pdwf jzpfay:avonf/ y#doaEËSifhtwl
pdwf apwodwf emrfw&m;ESifhwuG ur®Z½kyfrsm;vnf; jzpfavonf/ t½lybHkürlum; ½kyfw&m;rygbJ
emrfw&m;oufoufom jzpfavonf/
,if;odkU b0topfjzpf&mü b0a[mif;u t0dZÆm wPSmEko,ESifh uH ocFg&[laom
taMumif;aMumifh b0opfü ½kyfemrfrQom jzpfvm&onf/ owå0gaumif? toufaumif?

tpodkU
twåaumifjzpfvmonf r[kwf? xdk½kyfemrfw&m;onfvnf; b0a[mif;rS ajymif;a½GUvmonf r[kwf?

b0a[mif;u t0dZÆm? wPSmEko, uH ocFg&[laom taMumif;ESifhuif;ívnf; jzpfvmonf r[kwf?
Oyrm awmif\teD;ü [pfatmifvdkufaom toHonf awmifeH&Hudk ½dkufí yJhwifoHac:aom toHwpfrsdK;
ay:xGufvm\/ xdkyJhwifoHonf rlvatmfoH r[kwf? rlvatmfoHESifh uif;vsuf tvGwfoufoufvnf;
rjzpfEdkifouJhodkUvnf;aumif? qDrD;wpfckrS rD;ul;&mü 'kwd,rD;onf yxrrD;vnf; r[kwf?
yxrrD;ESifhuif;í tvGwfoufoufvnf; rjzpfEdkifouJhodkUvnf;aumif;? wHqdyfESdyf&mü wHqdyf&monf
rlvwHqdyfvnf;r[kwf? rlvwHqdyfESifhvnf; uif;ívnf; rjzpfouJhodkUvnf;aumif;? rSefMunfh&mü
rSefxJu t&dyfonf yuwdvlvnf;r[kwf? yuwdvlESifhuif;í tvGwfoufoufvnf;
rjzpfouJhodkUvnf;aumif;? y#doaE¨ ½kyfemrfcE¨monf b0a[mif;u ½kyfemrfvnf; r[kwf? b0a[mif;u
t0dZÆm wPSm uH ocFg&taMumif;wdkUESifhvnf; ruif;Edkifacs/
55/ a½S;a½S;b0u t0dZÆm wPSm uH ocFg&taMumif;aMumifh b0opfü ½kyfemrf jzpf\[k
,ljcif;aMumifh Oapä''d|drS vGwf\/ a½S;a½S;b0rS ½kyfemrfrsm; ajymif;a½GUvmonf r[kwf[k ,ljcif;aMumifh
oów'd|drSvnf; vGwf\/ a½S;a½S;b0u taMumif;ESifh ruif;[k,ljcif;aMumifh (xm0&bk&m; polu
zefqif;rIaMumifh owå0gtopf jzpfvm\)[laom e0owåygwkbm0'd|drSvnf; vGwf\/ þum;
twdwfb0taMumif;aMumifh ypöKyÜefb0ü tusdK;jzpfyHk y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemawmfwnf;/
tu,fí t0dZÆm wPSmuif;NyD;ygvQif aoaomtcg aemufb0rjzpfEdkifawmhay?
þb0ul;yHktwdkif; y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemcef;onf vGefpGm eufeJvS\/ pmayusrf;*ef
oiftHavhusifzl;olrsm;aomfvnf; em;vnf&efcuf\/ xdkUaMumifh bk&m;omoemawmftay: Munfñdkaom
pdwfjzifh êud;pm;zwf½I avhvm&efjzpfayonf/ (oar®m[0daem'eD -154-155? 0dok'd¨ 2/ 186 -187)
vlaovljzpf jyóem 146 -ü ]]at; tJ'gayghuG? 'dkUvlawGu tJ'D uHedrdwf? ur®edrdwf?
*wdedrdwfqdkwJh tJ'Doû*Ø[f bHkydkif;u[meJY tvSnfhtywf tvdrfcHae&wm MumyaumuGm}}[laom
a&;om;csufudk awGU&\/ OD;OuúXqdkvdkwmu uHedrdwf ur®edrdwf *wdedrdwfqdkwmawG[m
oû*Ø[fusrf;uvmwJh pum; t½SiftEk½k'¨g\vSnfhuGuf þodkU qdkvdkayonf/ þpum;t& OD;OuúXonf
oû*Ø[fusrf;udk b,fvdkûyxm;onf[k udk&ifuav;rsm;avmufyif rod&ma&mufaeonf/ oû*Ø[fusrf;onf
tbd"r®m ckESpfusrf; bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;\ tusOf;csKyfrQom jzpfonfqdkaom tcsufudk
oabmraygufaMumif; ay:vGifonf/ oû*Ø[fusrf;\ tajccHjzpfaom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk
rMunfhwwf&m a&mufonf/ Munfhzl;aomfvnf; xdkbk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;udk tvum;[mawG[k
ypfy,fxm;aMumif; xif½Sm;aeayonf/
oû*Ø[fusrf;q&monf xdkxdkuHedrdwf ur®edrdwf *wdedrdwfponfhwdkUudk Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf
(203)ü vmaom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrS ,lí jyqdkjcif; jzpfayonf/
]]&[ef;wdkU aemufwpfrsdK;um; ao&m tif;ysOfü wifxm;tyfonfvnf;jzpfaom

tpodkU
ao&manmifapmif;ü wifxm;tyfonfvnf;jzpfaom ao&majrt&yfü rxbJ avsmif;tdyfonfvnf;

jzpfaom xdkvlrdkuf\ a½S;uûycJhaom um,'kp½dkuf? 0pD'kp½dkuf? raem'kp½dkuf[lukefaom ,kwfrmaom
tûytrlwdkUonf aocgeD;tcgü xifukef\/ ay:ukef\/ vTrf;ukefvmukef\/ &[ef;wdkU Oyrmtm;jzifh
BuD;pGmaom awmifxGwfwdkU\ t&dyfwdkUonf naecsrf;tcg ajrjyifü xifukef ay:ukef
vTrf;rdk;vmukefouJhodkU &[ef;wdkU þtwl ao&mtif;ysOfü/ y / vTrf;rdk;vmukef\/}} (r 3? 208/)
txufwGif qdkcJhNyD;aom bk&m;a[mygVd t|uxmwdkUt& ]]twdwf b0taMumif;aMumif;aMumifh
ypöKyÜefb0tusdK; jzpfonf}}[laom t,lonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmfus tewåvrf;pOf trSefjzpfonf/
0drkwåd&ot&aumuf usrf;vm y#dpo
ö rkyÜg'fudk ykwfcwfa&;om;csufonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ a'oemawmfudk
zsufqD;aom pum;jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf uH-uH\tusdK;&SdyHkESifh t&[wår*fÓPfjzifh uHy,fpGefUyHkpaom
rSefuefaom enf;vrf;rsm;udk bk&m;a[m a'oemawmft& ½Sif;vif;oHk;oyfí jyawmfrlcJhMuNyD? þodkU
jycJhNyD;aom uHudk y,f&ef (0g) ur®0#f udavo0#fuif;&ef enf;vrf;rSefudk OD;OuúXESifhwuG
ol\aemufvdkuf[lorQwdkUonf usepGm rodMuíaomfvnf;aumif;? tcsdKUodMuapumrl omoemudk
tjrpfygrusef y,fvSefzsufqD;vdkívnf;aumif;? uH\tusdK;rsm;udk pdwful;oufouf[lívnf;aumif?
,ckb0csrf;omrIonf a½S;uHaMumifh r[kwf vdrfvnfaoG;pkwf tjrwfxkwfzdkY odkUr[kwf aumif;atmif
rSefatmifvkyfzdkU[lívnf;aumif;? ur®óuwmvrf;pOfonf jAm[®P0g'[lívnf;aumif;? twdwfb0
taMumif;aMumifh ypöKyÜefb0tusdK; jzpfol[laom y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemawmfudkyif twåvrf;pOf[lí
vnf;aumif;? wGifwGifBuD; ykwfcwfMuí ukodkvf[lorQwdkU\ rlvtkwfjrpf tajccHjzpfaom
ur®óuwmor®m'd|dudk zsufqD;vsuf omoemawmfBuD; uG,fyatmif MuHaqmifêud;ukwf
tm;xkwfaeMuonfh ]]tud&d,wdw¬d,0g'D}} rsm;om jzpfMu\/
txl;tm;jzifh ,kwfrmqdk;0g;aom tcsufrSm rdrdwdkUajymcsifonfh tcsufudk ]]Ak'¨½Sifawmf\
tvdkum;}} ]]Ak'ËSifhrqdkif}} ]]Ak'¨\ 0g'r[kwf}} ponfjzifh Ak'üdk rw&m; toHk;csí a&;om;ajyma[mMujcif;
jzpfayonf/ þodkU ]]Ak'öH}} vdIifvdIifay;NyD; pnf;½Hk;Muojzifh ½dk;½dk;rubJ tqef;xGifí uçcsifMuaom
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonf ea0wdrfawmif a,mifa,mifrSm;rSm;jzpfNyD; olwdkUvSnfhpm;rIatmufrSm usqHk;½SmMuNyD?
tdrfOD;u bk&m;pifudk ûzwfcsol ûzwfcsMuavNyD? qHk;½HI;MuavpGwum;/
trSefpifppf uHr½Sd? uH\ tusdK;tjypfr½Sdpaom ew¬du0g'udk a½S;acwfurÇmYvlom;wdkU
a,mifa,mifrSm;rSm; usifhoHk;cJhMuavNyD? Ak'¨bk&m;ryGifhcif acwftcgu tqdkyg ew¬du0g'ponfjzifh
vlay:vlaZmfvkyfNyD; xm;cJhMu\/ wynfharG;cJhMu\/
odkU&mwGif a*gwrAk'ÿGifhay:awmfrlvmaomtcg a½S;a[mif;ur®0g'xJrS twåudk y,fEkwfNyD;
tw¬du0g'udk tm;ay;cJhonf/ tw¬du0g'udk b0oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufrItqifhtwGuf tajccHtjzpf
owfrSwfawmfrlcJh\/ ew¬du0g'udk vHk;0rSm;,Gif;aMumif; jywfjywfom;om; qefUusifcJhonf/

tpodkU
odkUjzpfavaomaMumifh a*gwrAk'¨bk&m; yGifhay:awmfrlcsdefrSpí urÇmhvlom; cyfrsm;rsm;onf

ew¬du0g' rSm;rSef;odí pGefUypfcJhMu\/ tw¬du0g'rSefudk vufcHusifhoHk; vmMu\/ xdkUaMumifhyif
w&m;rSefudk usifhMuHtm;xkwf MuNyD; w&m;xl;&cJhMuavNyD/
þodkU Ak'ömoemha&mifjcif ay:vmonfhtwGuf a½S;vlwdkU pGefUypfcJhonf ew¬du0g'
taqG;ta[mif;BuD;udk awmifwGif;BuD;rS OD;OuúXu jyefvnf toufoGif;NyD; yGJxkwfjcif; jzpfayonf/
tb,faMumifh ew¬du0g'udk OD;OuúX jyefaumufoenf;qdkaom ew¬du0g' (uHr½Sd? uH\
tusdK;r½Sd0g')onf OD;OuúXudkifpGJxm;aom ½kyf0g' (p o C Z u yÍöyom0g')ESifh udkufnDaeaomaMumifh
jzpfayonf/ rSef\- ew¬du0g'onf wpfb0pmrQom jzpf\/ OD;OuúX\ ½kyf0g'onfvnf;
wpfb0pmrQom jzpf\? þodkU 0g'csif; ESD;aESmrdí OD;OuúX\ acwfa[mif;0g'udk jyefvnfqef;opfjcif;
jzpf\/
a½S;acwf wdw¬dBuD;rsm;ESifh ,ckacwf OD;OuúX xl;aomtcsufrSm a½S;acwfwdw¬dwdkUu
xdkew¬du0g'udk rdrdwdkU0g'tjzpf ajymifajymif½Sif;½Sif;0efcHa[mMum;\/ OD;OuúXurl Ak'ÿd#uwfxJ 0if½IyfNyD;
Ak'¨w&m;awmfrsm;onfyif uH-uH\ tusdK;udk y,foa,mifaqmifvSnfhNyD; Ak'¨\ rsufESmzHk;udkpGyfum
olU0g'udk jzefU\/ þodkUxl;ayonf/ xdkUaMumifh bmoma&;rSm ½dk;½dk;usifh jrifhjrifhMuHr[kwfbJ
tqef;vdkufcsifolwdkU taejzifh OD;OuúX\ pufuGif;rdum i&Jaq;azmfí rSD0JaeMujcif; jzpfavonf/
OD;OuúX\ vkyf&yfudk o½kyfay:atmif Oyrmaqmif&aomf a½S;vlwdkU0wfNyD; pGefUypfxm;onfh
ykqdk;pkwfudk jyefaumufí ûyjyifNyD; Ak'¨wHqdyfuyfum jyefvnf0wfqifjcif; 0wfqifapjcif;om
jzpfavonf/
þodkU oHk;oyfjyqdktyfNyD;aom taMumif;t&yf&yfaMumifh OD;OuúXESifhwuG ol\aemufvdkuf
[lorQwdkU\ uH-uH\tusdK;udk y,faom0g'onf Ak'¨jrwfpGma'oemESifh zDvmuefUvefUjzpfí t"r®0g'om
jzpfonf/ bk&m;½Sifvufxufuvnf; yl&mPuóy? ru©vda*gomv paom wdw¬dq&mBuD;rsm;\ 0g'udk
jyefvnftoufoGif;xm;aom rdpäm0g'rsm;rsdK;om jzpfonf[k trSwf(2) EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f
tzGJU0if q&mawmfwdkU wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtrSwf (2)
apm'emtrSwf (5)
twdwf tem*wfb0wdkUudk y,fjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä,
1/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u OD;OuúXESifh ol\aemufvdkuf wynfhwdkUa&;om;xkwfa0aom
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;rS -
(u) uyÜmYvlom;\ wpfckwnf;aom (0g) ESpfckrjzpfEdkifaom t"dutvdkqEúm;
ykcufESifhacgif;Mum;½Sd ypöKyÜefwdwdjzpfaom ypöu©e,ftwGif;ü udk,fa&mpdwfyg {uef
csrf;omrI&a&;yif jzpfonf/ (tewåa&mifjcnf? ESm-186)
(c) or®m'd|dokawoDwdkUonf aumif;rI raumif;rI taMumif;tusdK;wdkUudk ypöKyÜefus
vufcH,HkMunfonf/
(or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf t,l0g'a&;qdkif&m cH,lcsuf oabmxm; tydk'f - *)
(*) Ak'önf olonf ykcufESifhacgif;tMum; vufiif;'d| awGUêuHae&aom ypöKyÜefb0udkom
wdusjywfom;pGm azmfxkwfcJhojzifh ajymovdkvkyfí vkyfovdkajymcJhaom
vufawGUorm;jzpfcJhonf/
(Ak'¨0g' tajccHoifwef? oifwef; trSwfpOf 1? or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf? ESm-39)
(C) Ak'¨&JU vrf;ñTefcsufu/ y/ wrvGefudpu
ö sawmh pOf;udk rpOf;pm;MueJUwJh? rif;wdkUeJU
bmrSrqdkifbl;? tJ'gawG oGm;pOf;pm;ae&if 'ku©yGm;pnf;a&;rSwpfyg; bmtusdK;rS
r½Sdygbl;wJh/ (opömAdrmef twGJ 1/ trSwf 6? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf)
þpmydk'fwdkUudk xkwfjyMuí OD;OuúXESifh ol\aemufvdkufrsm;onf -
(1) twdwfb0 tem*wfb0wdkUudk vufcH,HkMunfrI r½SdMubJ ypöKyÜefwpfb0udkom
vufcH,HkMunfMuolrsm; jzpfaMumif;?
(2) tem*wfb0 wpfydkif;wpfpudk vufcH,HkMunfMuolrsm;uvnf; ]]vlaovQif vljzpfonf}}
[laom abmiftwGif;üom vufcHMuaMumif;?
(3) ]]twDwH emEk aompmrd}} paom bk&m;a[m awrdZwfvmpum;udk udk;vsuf Ak'üdk
ypöKyÜeform;jzpfav[ef vdrfnmí 0g'jzefUaMumif; oAÁñkbk&m;½Sifudk olwdkUvdkyif
rsufaphwpfqHk;om MunfhEdkifonfh olvdkigvdk omrnvlpm; ypöKyÜefwpfb0orm;jzpfatmif
yHkoGif;aeMuaMumif;?
(4) ,if;odkU yHkoGif;aeMujcif;onf twdwfb0ESifh tem*wfb0taMumif;t&m
odzG,f&mrSeforQudk vHk;0OóHk tukeftpif odjrifEdkifaom ykaAÁed0goEkówd?
tem*wHoÓPfawmfrsm; tygt0ifjzpfonfh ÓPfawmfBuD;rsm; jrwfpGmbk&m;ü r½SdMuyg[k

tpodkU
ajymEdkifatmif êud;pm;aeMujcif;jzpfaMumif; a½S;OD;pGm apm'emMuonf/

2/ wpfzef apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u -
(u) pk'dwuwdkUonf 0dyóem½I&ef &nf½G,fí a[mawmfrlaom ba'ú&wåokwfvm
*gxmpum;&yfjzifh useforQ Ak'ä'oemtm;vHk;udk y,f½Sm;&ef êud;pm;aejcif;om
jzpfaMumif;? ,if; ba'ú&wåokwfvm*gxmrsm;onf 0dyóem½Ionfhtcg ypöKyÜefudkom
½I&rnf[k qdkvdkí twdwf tem*gwf r½Sd[laom teuft"dyÜm,f vHk;0rxGufaMumif;?
(c) ]]wo®mwd[ bdu©a0 ,H udÍöd½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH}} paom tewåvu©Pokwf
ygVdawmfü twdwfESifh tem*gwfudk ypöKyÜefESifh wajy;nD a[mqdkxm;aMumif;? twdwfcE¨m
tem*wfcE¨m ypöKyÜefcE¨m[lí umvoHk;yg; aocsmpGm a[mxm;aMumif;?
tewåvu©Pokwfü a[maom twdwf tem*gwfudk y,fjyefaMumif;?
(*) 'DCedum,f? r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü ig;yg;oDv\ tusdK;tjypfjyawmfrl&mrSmyif ypöKyÜefESifh
tem*wf tusdK;tjypfwdkUudk yl;wGJí jyawmfrlcJhaMumif; [lí 0daootm;jzifh
apm'emMuavonf/
3/ xdkapm'emudk pk'dwursm;jzpfMuaom awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU? ae½Sife,fausmif;q&mawmf
OD;Z0e? awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU ig;qifhausmif;q&mawmf OD;Z0e? a';'&JûrdU uGif;ausmif;q&mawmf
OD;OaZÆmwduwdkUu jyefvnfacsyjcif; rûyMubJ apm'uq&mawmfrsm; apm'emtwdkif;
t"r®0g'jzpfonfqdkonfrSm rSefuefí pGefUvTwfygaMumif; 0efcHoGm;Muonf/
usefpk'dwursm;jzpfMuaom awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU? ewfrSDawm&ausmif;ae OD;qE´m"du?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfOuúX OD;cif[efESifh ocifjrwfqdkifwdkUuom toD;oD; acsy aom"emMuonf/
xdkapm'em aom"emrsm;onf twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 ½Sd-r½Sd[laom t,l? twdwfb0
tem*wfb0 jrwfpGmbk&m; a[m-ra[m[laom t,lESifhpyfvsOf;í jzpfay:vm&um;
xdktajccHtaMumif;ESifh oufqdkifaom pum;rQudkom xkwfEkwfoHk;oyfí qHk;jzwfMuukeftHh? ,if;apm'em
aom"em ESpf&yfwGif aom"emudk roHk;oyfrD apm'empum;&yf\ ,xmblwus-rusukd a½S;OD;pGm
oHk;oyfawmfrlMu&mü apm'uq&mawmfrsm; aumufEkwfwifjyxm;aom (u) (c) (*) (C) trSwfjy
pk'dwuwdkU\ a&;om;csufrsm;0,f pk'dwuwdkU\ tvdkudk wdusrSefuefpGm odEdkif&ef oufaocH
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;rS atmufazmfjyyg a&;om;csufrsm;udkyg xkwfEkwfí ESD;aESm wdkufqdkifvsuf
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
(1) b0ul;0g'onf Ak'¨ray:rD a½S;acwfuwnf;uyif ay:aygufcJhaom 0g'jzpfonf?
,if;0g'onf ur®0g'tjzpf toGifajymif;um Ak'ÿGifhawmfrlaom acwftxd wGifus,fcJhonf?
ur®0g'rSm jA[®Pa0'\ twåudk tajccHonf? twåtajccHaom 0g'jzpfonfhtwdkif;
,cifuvnf;jzpfcJhNyD? ,ckvnf;jzpfqJ aemifvnf; jzpfvdrfhOD;rnf[lí umvoHk;yg;

tpodkU
tpOfquf\/ rnfonfhtcgrS umv0drkwf rjzpf/ ,if;0g'udk Ak'ü umv0drkwfjzifh

awmfvSefy,fpGefUap\/ (edum,f\ edum,f ESm-6)
(2) þtcsufonf yxroH*g,emwifyGJudk &[ef;awmftcsdKU tm½HkûyawmfrrlaMumif; xif½Sm;onf?
tb,faMumifhenf; twdwf tem*wfw&m;pkrsm;? twåtwåed,paom 0dnmP0g'rsm;
jyefygvmaomaMumifh - (edum,f\ edum,f ESm-6)
(3) þokwfü 'k*¾wd=raumif;aom vm;&m[lonf aoNyD;aemufrS i&JbHkponfudk a&muf&rnf[k
t"dyÜm,f taumufoifhay? ,ckypöu©rsufarSmufüyif ao&m anmifapmif; rvJavsmif;rDrSmyif
t&d,mwynfhom;wdkif; OD;wnfcsDwuf&rnfh 0drkwådyef;wdkifESifh vGJacsmfí 'ku©tm;vHk;wdkU\
vufonfjzpfaom wG,fwmrI oHa,mZOfrsm; wdk;yGm;um rvdkvm;tyfaom 'ku©rsm;ESifhom
awGUêuHae&rnf[k t"dyÜm,faumuf,l oifhvSayonf/ odkUrSom oEd´|d*kPfajrmufí Ak'¨\
"r®oabmudk em;vnfoljzpfvdrfhrnf jzpfownf;/ (edum,f\ edum,f ESm-128)
rSwfcsuf/ / þokwf[lonf rZÑdredum,f? aygwvd,okwfudk qdkvdkonf/
(4) odkU&mwGif þy#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfBuD;udk vGefNyD;b0 a&mufqJb0? vmvwåHUaomb0
(0g) rarG;rD [dkbuftajctae jzpfqJ? ,ckb0tajctaeESifh aoNyD;aemuf a&muf&rnfh
tajctae oHk;&yfay:wGif jzefUcif;í jywwfMu\/ þt,ltqonf tAsmuwoH,kwf
ponfwdkUwGif Ak'üdk,fwdkifu ra[mtyf[laom udpö&yfudk y&d,m,fjzifh a[mawmfrlap&m
a&mufayonf/ (edum,f\ edum,f ESm-161? 162)
(5) oEd´|daum-ypöKyÜefumv ,ckb0[k qdktyfaom (ykcufESifh acgif;tMum;ü) vufiif;'d|
apmifhrae&bJ atmifhrae&bJ aMumifhMuí rae&bJ tusdK;&wJh vu©Pm/
(opöm"r® twGJ 3? trSwf 8? ESm -2)
(6) or®m'd|dtzGJU\ vufoHk;0g'rSm oEd´|du ypöKyÜef0g'jzpfaMumif; jynfvHk;uRwf "r®obifu
qHk;jzwf owfrSwfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ (opöm"r® twGJ -2? trSwf-7? ESm-12)
þa&;om;csufrsm;ESifh ,cif (u) (c) (*) (C) a&;om;csufrsm;udk pyf[yfí txyfxyf
oHk;oyfonfhtcg apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGJqdkaom (1) (3) trSwf? pGJqdkcsuftwdkif; OD;OuúXESifh
ol\aemufvdkufrsm;onf twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 r½Sd? ypöKyÜefwpfb0om ½Sdonf[k Oapä't,ludk
vufcH,HkMunfolrsm; jzpfonfudkvnf;aumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;udkvnf; ypöKyÜefwpfb0orm;jzpfatmif
vdrfnmí 0g'jzefU yHkoGif;aeMuaMumif;udkvnf;aumif; xif½Sm;pGm awGUMu&ayonf/
OD;Ouú\ vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? ocifjrwfqdkif\ vlaovljzpfjyóempmtkyfESifh
vlaovljzpfpmwrf;rsm;udk Munfh½IoHk;oyfonfhtcg apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGJqdkaom (2)trSwf
pGJqdkcsuftwdkif; tcsdKUu tem*wfb0 wpfydkif;wpfpudk ]]vlaovljzpf}} abmiftwGif;üom
vufcHaMumif;udkvnf; awGUMu&ayonf/

tpodkU
trSefw&m;okawoe trSwf(1) pmapmifü tbd"r®m q&mpdefqdkolu bk&m;½Sif\

oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk tcsufaygif;rsm;pGm apmfum;ykwfcwfxm;onfudk awGU&ojzifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm;
pGJqdkaom (4) trSwfjy? pGJqdkcsuftwdkif; pk'duwwdkUonf bk&m;½Sifü ÓPfawmfxl;BuD;rsm; r½Sdyg[k
ajymEdkifatmif êud;pm;aeMuolrsm; jzpfonfudkvnf; awGUMu&ayonf/
(þtcsufudkum; apm'emtrSwfpOf (7) ü oHk;oyfMuukeftHh)
þoHk;oufcsufjzifhyif apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ rlvpGJqdkcsuf 4-csufvHk;onf ,xmblwusí
rSefuefaom pGJqdkcsufrsm; jzpfayonf/
(u) trSwfjy 0daooapm'emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

4/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u pk'dwuwdkUonf 0dyóem½I&ef &nf½G,fí a[mawmfrlaom
ba'ú&wåokwfvm *gxmpum;&yfjzifh useforQ Ak'ä'omemtm;vHk;udk y,f&ef êud;pm;aejcif;om
jzpfaMumif; ,if; ba'ú&wåokwfvm *gxmrsm;onf 0dyóem½Ionfhtcg ypöKyÜefudkom ½I&rnf[k qdkvdkí
twdwf tem*wf r½Sd[laom teuft"dyÜm,f vHk;0rxGufyg bk&m;[k apm'emMuav&m ,if; apm'emudk
ygVdawmfrS xkwfEkwfí pdppfoHk;oyf&aomf -
twDwH emEGm*ar,s? eyÜ#duacF tem*wH/
,'wDwH y[DeH wH? tyÜwåÍö tem*wH/
ypöKyÜEéÍö a,m "r®H? ww¬ ww¬ 0dyówd/
toH[D&H toHukyÜ? wH 0d'Gg rEkjAL[a,/ (1/ r 3/ 226/)
jrefrmtusOf;
twdwf cE¨mig;yg;onf csKyfaysmufNyD; jzpfaomaMumifh twdwfcE¨mig;yg;odkU (wPSm'd|dwdkUjzifh)
tpOfrvdkuf&m? tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;onf ra&mufao;aomaMumifh tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;udkvnf;
rawmifhw&m? ynm½Sdonf ypöKyÜef cE¨mig;yg; w&m;udkom xdkxdkjzpfqJcPü 0dyóem½Ivsuf
(wPSm'd|dwdkUu) rqGJiifEdkifatmif (wPSm'd|dwdkUaMumifh) rysufrpD;atmif 0dyóemÓPfudk
yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&m\/
xdk*gxmwdkUudk tus,fa0zef&m ygVdawmfrS ]]twdwfumvü þodkUaom ½kyftqif;½Sdol jzpfcJhzl;NyD}}
ponfjzifh twdwfcE¨mig;yg;ü wyfruf ESpfoufaevQif twdwfcE¨mig;yg;odkU tpOfvdkufonf rnfyHkESifh
xdkodkUwyfrufESpfoufrI rjzpfvQif twdwfcE¨mig;yg;odkU tpOfrvdkufonf rnfyHkudkvnf;aumif;?
]]tem*wfumvü þodkUaom ½kyftqif;½Sdol jzpf&vdk\}} ponfjzifh tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;ü wyfruf
ESpfoufaevQif tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;udk arQmfvifhawmifhwaeonf rnfyHkESifh xdkodkU wyfrufESpfoufrI
rjzpfvQif tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;udk rarQmfvifh rawmifhwonf rnfyHkudkvnf;aumif; ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;udk

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twåponfjzifh ½IaevQif ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;wdkUü (wPSm'd|dwdkUu) qGJiiftyfonf rnfyHkESifh twå ponfjzifh

r½IvQif ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;wdkYü (wPSm'd|dwdkUu) rqGJiiftyfonf rnfyHkudkvnf;aumif; jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mMum; a0zefawmfrlonf? þodkU a0zef&mü ]]e ½lyH twåawm orEkyówd}} ponfjzifh 0dyóem½IyHkudk
xifpGmjyvsuf a0zefawmfrlonf/ (r 3/ 226-227/)
,if;t|uxmüvnf; -
ww¬ ww¬mwd ypöKyÜEérÜd "r®H ,w¬ ,aw¬0 OyÜaEém? ww¬ waw¬0 p eH
tedpömEkyóem'D[d owå[d tEkyóem[d a,m 0dyówd? t&nm'Dok 0g ww¬ waw¬0
0dyówd (r |? 4? 170/)
ww¬ ww¬ [lonf tMuif ypöKyÜefw&m;onf tMuif tMuifcPüom jzpf\/
xdkypöKyÜefw&m;wdkUudkvnf; xdkxdkjzpfqJcPüomvQif tedpömEkyóem tp½Sdukefaom ckESpfyg;aom
tEkyóemwdkUjzifh tMuif ynm½Sdonf/ 0dyóem½I\? wenf; -awmt&yf ponfwdkUwGif xdkxdk t&yfüom
0dyóem½I\ [lí vnf;aumif;?
toH[D&H toHukyÜEdÅ £'H 0dyóem y#d0dyóem 'óew¬H 0kwåwH/ (r |? 4? 170/)
0dyóem½Ijcif; wpfzef0dyóem½Ijcif;tusdK;iSm ]]toH[D&H toHukyÜH}}[laom þpum;udk
a[mawmfrltyf\ [lívnf;aumif; 0dyóem½IyHkudkyif zGifhjyawmfrlonf/
xdkUaMumifh þ 2-*gxmonf 0dyóem½IyHkudk a[mjyaom *gxmrsm; jzpf&um;
apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ pum;onf ygVdawmft|uxmwdkUESifh nDñGwfaom pum;om jzpfayonf/
(c) trSwfjy 0daooapm'emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

5/ wpfzef apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u ]]wo®mwd[ bdu©a0 ,H udÍöd½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH}}
paom tewåvu©Pokwfü twdwfESifh tem*wfudk ypöKyÜefESifh wpfajy;nD twdwfcE¨m tem*wfcE¨m
ypöKyÜefcE¨m[lí umvoHk;yg;aocsmpGm a[mxm;ygonf bk&m;[k apm'emMuavonf/
þapm'emvm om"ujzpfaom tewåvu©Pokwfawmfudk tzGifhoH0PÖemwdkUESifh
wdkufqdkifoHk;oyfawmfrlMu&m ]]twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH}} yk'fonf ]]½lyH}} yk'f\ 0daooejzpf&um; twdwf½kyf
tem*wf½kyf ypöKyÜef½kyf[k umvoHk;yg;jzifh ydkif;jcm;a[mjyawmfrlonfrSm ygVdawmfjzifhyif ay:vGif
xif&Sm;vSayonf/
xdkUaMumifh om&w¬'DyeD#Dumü -
txó twDwm'd0dbm*H tm&bwd twDwmem*wypöyÜEéEÅd tm'dem?
(om&wå #D 3? 185/)
t"dyÜm,frSm ]]xdkUaemif xdk½kyf\ twdwfpaom tjym;udk (0g) twdwf? tem*wf ypöKyÜeftjym;udk

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]]twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH}}[laom ygXfjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m; tm;xkwfa[mMum;awmfrlonf}}[k qdkvdkonf/

xdkUaMumifh ]]tewåvu©Pokwfü twdwfESifh tem*wfudk ypöKyÜefESifh wpfajy;nD
a[mqdkxm;aMumif;? twdwfcE¨m? tem*wfcE¨m? ypöKyÜefcE¨m[lí umvoHk;yg; aocsmpGm a[mxm;aMumif;
[laom apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emonf ygVdawmfESifhvnf;aumif; tzGifh#DumESifhvnf;aumif;
nDñGwfESD;aESmrdayonf/
(*) trSwfjy wwd, 0daooapm'emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

6/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u ig;yg;oDv\ tusdK;tjypfudk jyawmfrl&mrSmyif ypöKyÜÜefESifh
tem*wftusdK;tjypfwdkUudk yl;wGJí jyawmfrlcJhygonf[k apm'emMuNyD;vQif 'DCedum,f r[m0*¾
r[my&dedAÁmefokwfü vmaom -
£" *[ywa,m/ y/ oDv0dywåd,m ('D? 2? ESm-72-73/)
[laom ygVdawmfudk om"utjzpf xkwfaqmifwifjyMuonf/
,if;ygVdawmfudk Munfh½IawmfrlMu&m ypöKyÜefb0ü awGUêuH&rnfh tjypfav;yg;ESifh tem*wfb0ü
awGUêuH&rnfh tjypfwpfyg;? þtjypfig;yg;wdkUudk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mjyxm;onfudkvnf;aumif;? tem*wfü
tjyeftm;jzifh tusdK;ig;yg;wdkUudk a[mjyxm;onfudkvnf;aumif; awGUMu&onf/
xdkUaMumifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ 0daooapm'emonfvnf; ygVdawmfESifhvnf;aumif;?
t|uxm#DumwdkUESifhvnf;aumif; nDñGwfESD;aESmrdaom apm'emjzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

7/ awmifwGif;BuD;ûrdU ewfrSDawm&ausmif;ae OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emudk ûcHiHkoHk;oyfonfhtcg
OD;qE´m"duonf wrvGefb0 ½Sd-r½Sd twdwfb0? tem*wfb0 ½Sd-r½Sd [laom t,lESifh ywfoufí
bk&m;½Sif\ rsufESmawmfudkom axmufum rdrd\t,ludk jywfjywfom;om; ajzqdkoifhvsuf rajzqdkbJ
rdrdq&m OD;OuúX\rsufESmESifh q&mwl wynfhrsm;jzpfMuonfh or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D 'g,umwdkU\
rsufESmudkomaxmufí rjywfrom; ajzqdkxm;onfudkom awGU&\/
rSef\ ]]twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 ½Sdonf[laom t,ludk ,lvQif rnfodkUaomtusdK;
jzpfxGef;rnfudk odvdkygonf/ twdwftem*wfonf wynfhawmftm; oHo,udk yGm;apygonf/ twdwfb0
tem*wfb0qdkonfrSm vHk;0ta&;rBuD;[kqdk&ef rjzpfEdkif½Hkom jzpfaMumif; awGU&ygonf}}[laom
pum;&yfwdkUrSm q&mYrsufESmESifh 'g,umrsufESmudk axmufí twdwfb0? tem*wfb0udk
y,foa,mifa,mifqdkaom pum;&yfrsm; jzpfonf/
twdwfb0? tem*wfb0ESifh pyfonfh taMumif;t&mwdkUudk jyqdk&mjzpfaom

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bk&m;a[ma'oemrsm;pGm ½Sdaeojzifh vHk;0vnf; ry,f0hH&um; ]]wynfhawmfonf twdwf tem*wfudk

taMumif;rwef jiif;qefaeonf r[kwfyg/ olUumvESifh olUtiftm;tvdkuf vufcHygonf?
jzpf&yfaygif;rsm;pGmwdkUonf jzpfcJhMuí jzpf&yfaygif;rsm;pGmwdkUonf jzpfMuvdrfhrnfqdkaom jzpfysufpOfBuD;udk
rnfolrQ rjiif;Edkifyg}}[laom pum;&yfwdkUjzifh twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 ½Sdonf[laom t,ludk
vufcH,HkMunfaMumif; 0efcHxm;avonf/
8/ OD;qE´m"du xkwfaqmifudk;um;xm;aom okwfwdkUonfvnf; twdwfb0? tem*wfb0
r½Sd? ypöKyÜefwpfb0om ½Sdonf[laom t"dyÜm,fudk vHk;0rjyacs/ tenf;i,f ½Sif;jyOD;tHh - OD;qE´m"du
yxrwifjyonfh a[ruvkvif avQmufwifaom *gxmonf twdwfb0? tem*wfb0 r½Sd[laom
t"dyÜm,fudk jyaom *gxmr[kwf? jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmf ray:rD a½S;tcgu Am0&Dpaom q&mBuD;rsm;
a[mjycJhaom þodkUjzpfcJhNyD? þodkU jzpfvdrfhrnf[laom t,lonf wpfqifhMum;rQjzpfí
umr0dwufponfudk wdk;yGm;apwwf&um; xdkt,ltm;vHk;ü (rESpfouf) rarGUavsmfaMumif;udkom
avQmufxm;aom *gxmjzpfonf/
9/ OD;qE´m"du 'kwd,wifjyonfh bj'uokwfonfvnf; twdwfb0? tem*wfb0
r½Sd[laom t"dyÜm,fudk jyaomokwf r[kwf? xif½Sm;aom w&m;wpfrsdK;udk odem;vnfatmif
a[mjyNyD;aemuf xdkxif½Sm;aom w&m;jzifh rxif½Sm;onfh usefw&m;rsm;udk ñTefjyjcif;onf odvG,f?
xifvG,f jrifvG,f&um; w&m;qifenf;ü olrwlatmif uRrf;usifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
xif½Sm;onfh ypöKyÜefumvü qif;&Jjzpfjcif; taMumif;&if;udk a[mjyawmfrlNyD;aemuf rxif½Sm;onfh twdwf
tem*wfü qif;&Jjzpfjcif; taMumif;&if;udk ñTefjy a[mMum;awmfrlvdkaomaMumifhom tajccHpum;udk
rdefUMum;awmfrlavonf/
xdkokwfü qufvuf a[mMum;awmfrlaom t"dyÜm,ftusOf;csKyfrSm –
]]½GmolBuD; O½ka0VuyÜed*Hk;ü oifESifhrpyfqdkifolwdkU towfcH&jcif; ponfaMumifh oifhrSm ylaqG;rI
ponf rjzpfjcif;ç oifESifh oufqdkifolwdkU towfcH&jcif; ponfaMumifh oifhrSm ylaqG;rI ponf
jzpfjcif;onf tb,ftaMumif;aMumifhenf;}}[k jrwfpGmbk&m;u ar;awmfrl&m ]]rpyfqdkifolwdkUü qE´&m*
r&Sdjcif;ç pyfqdkifolwdkUrSm qE´&m* ½Sdjcif;aMumifh jzpfygonf}}[k ½GmolBuD;u avQmufxm;avonf/ xdktcg
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]½GmolBuD; oif jrif& od& umvrjcm;bJ a&muf& ÓPfjzifh ouf0if&aom þoabmjzifh
twdwf tem*wfü enf;udk aqmifavmh (twdwf tem*wfü enf;rSD;í odavmh) twdwfumvü jzpfcJhonfh
qif;&J[lorQ tvHk;pHkonf vdkcsifrI ]]qE´}} vQif t&if;cH ½Sd\/ vdkcsifrI ]]qE´}} vQif taMumif;&if; ½Sd\/
rSef\/ vdkcsifrI ]]qE´}} onf qif;&J\? t&if;cHwnf; tem*wfumvü jzpfrnfh qif;&J[lorQ tvHk;pHkonf
vdkcsifrI ]]qE´}} vQif t&if;cH &Sd\/ vdkcsifrI ]]qE´}} vQif taMumif;&if &Sd\/ rSef\/ vdkcsifrI qEónf
qif;&Jjcif;\ t&if;cHwnf;}}[lí jzpfonf/
OD;qE´m"du wifjyonfh þbj'uokwfüyif bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif twdwf? tem*wfb0wdkUü

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'ku©jzpfjcif; taMumif;&if;udk a[mjyxm;&um; þokwfonf pk'dwuwdkU\ pum;udk y,f½Sm;í

apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ pum;udk axmufcHaom okwfom jzpfayonf/
10/ OD;qE´m"du wwd,wifjyonfh o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf t&nokwfvm ]]twDwH
emEkaompEÅd}}paom *gxmonfvnf; twdwfvmbfudk rpdk;&drf? tem*wfvmbfudk rawmifhw
ypöKyÜef&orQjzifh rQwaexdkifaom &[ef;\ orPokcudkomjyaom *gxmjzpfonf/ twdwf tem*wfb0½Sd
r½Sd t,lESifh rnfodkUrQ roufqdkifacs/
11/ OD;qE´m"du pwkw¬wifjyonfh aumorkwådokwfvm tómow&m; av;yg;onfvnf;
twdwf tem*wfb0 r½Sd[laom t"dyÜm,fjyaom pum;r[kwf? xdkpum;&yf\ a½SUü arwåm u½kPm
rk'dwm Oayu©m[laom jA[®0d[m&ur®Xmef; av;yg;wdkUudk a[mjyawmfrlNyD;vQif xdkur®Xmef;udk
yGm;rsm;aeolonf &efuif;aompdwf½Sdol aMumifhMuuif;aompdwf½Sdol? rnpfñl;aompdwf ½Sdol?
pifMu,faompdwf ½Sdol? t&d,mwynfh rnf\/ xdkt&d,mwynfhtm; ,ckb0üyif
axmufwnf&mav;rsdK;udk &EdkifyHkudkom a[mjyaom pum;&yf jzpfonf/
12/ xdkUaemuf OD;qE´m"duçu ]]twDwH emEGm*ar,s}}paom *gxmESifh pyfí
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pum;udk acsyxm;aomfvnf; qdkvdk&if;udk xdrdatmif racsyEdkifojzifh xdkpum;udk
oD;jcm;roHk;oyfawmhbJ aemufvmrnfh aom"emESifh aygif;í oHk;oyfMuaythH/
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf\ aom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

13/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf OuúX OD;cif[efu aom"em&mü ]]Ak'¨0g'onf twdwf
tem*wf ypöKyÜef umv 3-yg;ESifh ,SOfí a[mawmfrlaom 0g'jzpfygonf}}[k apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u
0efcHxm;ygonf bk&m;[k aom"emavonf/
þaom"emudk bk&m;a[myd#uü oGif;cspdppfonfhtcg pk'dwuwdkUudk;um;aom bj'uokwfüyif
ypöKyÜefumvü 'ku©jzpfjcif; taMumif;&if;udk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf twdwftem*wfumvwdkUü
'ku©jzpfjcif; taMumif;t&if;udkvnf; ½Sif;vif; a[mjyxm;onfudk awGU&\/ þokwf tqdkudk a½SUü
½Sif;jycJhNyD; jzpf\/
14/ tewåvu©Pokwfü vmaom ]],H udÍöd ½lyH twDwmem*wypöKyÜEéH}} paom

pum;jzifhvnf; twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef umv 3-yg;ESifh ,SOfí a[mxm;onfudk awGU&\/
ba'ú&wåokwfvm 2-*gxmüvnf; umv 3-yg;vHk;udkyif a[mjyxm;onfudk awGU&\/
xdkUjyif ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf ÓP0w¬Kokwf ESm-289 ü ]]twdwfumvü Z&mr&Pudk odukef?
Z&mr&PjzpfaMumif;udk odukef? Z&mr&PcsKyf&mudk odukef? Z&mr&PcsKyf&m edAÁmefodkUa&mufaMumif;
tusifhudk odukefNyD;aom orPjA[®PwdkUonf ,cktcgü igodouJhodkU þtwlom odcJhMuNyD?

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tem*wfumvü Z&mr&udk/ y/ Z&mr&PcsKyf&m edAÁmefodkU a&mufaMumif;tusifhudk odukefvwåHU}}

ponfjzifh twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜeftm;jzifh a0zefyHkudkvnf;aumif;?
'kwd,ÓP0w¬Kokwf ESm -291? ÓP0w¬K (77)yg;udk a0zef&mü Zmwd[laom taMumif;aMumifh
Z&mr&P jzpf\[k odaomÓPf? Zmwdr½SdcJhaom Z&mr&P r½Sd[k odaomÓPf[k ypöKyÜefÓPf 2-yg;?
xdkUtwl twdwfÓPf 2-yg;? tem*wfÓPf 2-yg;? xdkyk*d¾Kvf\ "r®'d|dÓPfonfvnf; ukefjcif;ç ysufjcif;ç
uif;jywfjcif;ç csKyfjcif;oabm ½Sd\[k odaomÓPf 1-yg; tm;jzifh ]]Zmwdypö,m Z&mr&PH}}ü ÓPf 7-
yg;? a0zefawmfrlí <uif;aom ]]b0ypö,m Zmwd}} paom 10-yk'fwdkUüvnf; þtwl ÓPf 7-yg;pD
a0zefawmfrlyHkudkvnf;aumif; awGU&\/
xdkUjyif ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf or®ookwf 331-332-333 ü ]]twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefumvü cspftyf?
om,mtyfaom pu©Kpaom tZÑwådum,wewdkUudk tedpöpaomtm;jzifh ½INyD; ½IvwåH? ½IqJaom
orPjA[®PwdkUonf wPSmOy"d 'ku©wdkUudk yGm;apNyD;? yGm;apvwåYH? yGm;apqJjzpfí Zmwdpaom qif;&JrS
rvGwfuif;EdkifMuolrsm;[k iga[m\}} ponfjzifh umv 3-yg; a0zefa[mMum;yHkudk awGU&\/
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edum,fig;&yfü rsm;pGm½Sdayonf/ xdkUaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdkufonfhtm;avsmfpGm umv-3yg;
a0zefa[mMum;awmfrlonfrSm xif½Sm;vSayonf/
15/ wpfzef ]]wynfhawmfrsm;tm; þ 0dyóem pum;&yfjzifh useforQ Ak'ä'oemtm;vHk;udk
y,f&ef êud;pm;aeolrsm; [lí pGyfpGJxm;ygonf/ wynfhawmfrsm;onf Ak'ömoem0if yk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzpfí
ppfrSefaom Ak'ä'oemawmfrsm;udk êudqdkvsuf jA[®Pa'oemrsm;ESifh a&maxG;aeaom twkta,mif
usrf;*efrsm;udk vufcHjcif; rûyrd&ef *½kpdkufaeolrsm; jzpfygonf/}} [laom aom"emudk oHk;oyf&mü
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a[mxm;ygvsuf twdwf[lívnf;aumif;? tem*wf[lívnf;aumif;/ y/ vHk;0yg0ifjcif; r½SdbJ oEd´|du
tumvdu taeESifh rsufarSmuf ypöu©udkom a[mazmfñTefjyxm;ygonf bk&m;[k bj'uokwfvm twdwf
tem*wfqdkif&m w&m;rsm;udk y,f½Sm;xm;onfudk awGUjrif&jcif;aMumif; pk'dwuwdkUonf
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGJqdkonfhtwdkif; rdrdwdkU0g'ESifh rudkufnDonfh bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfrsm;udk
z,f½Sm;&ef êud;pm;aeolrsm; jzpfMuonfrSm vGefpGm xif½Sm;ayonf/
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*½kpdkufaeolrsm;jzpfygonf}}[laom pum;onfvnf; ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU
,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfatmif MuHaqmifwifjyaom pum;omjzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU
,lqawmfrlMuonf/ taMumif;rSm apm'em trSwf 6 ESifh trSwf 21 udkpdppf&mü azmfjyvwåHtwdkif;
ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfonf pifMu,foefU½Sif; tjypfuif;aom yd#uwfawmfrsm;om jzpfí
twkta,mifusrf;rsm; yg0ifjcif;r½SdaomaMumifh jzpfonfomru yd#uwfpmayudk rwwfyg[k wpmpm

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0dpdudpämig;yg;? tem*wfumvü 0dpdudpämig;yg;? ypöKyÜefumvü 0dpdudpäm 6-yg;tm;jzihf 16-yg;aom
0dpdudpäm jzpfyHkudkomjyaom ygVdawmf jzpfonf/ þygVdawmfü ]]ta,medaom}}[laom pum;onf
tvGefta&;BuD;aompum; jzpfonf? roifhrwifh ESvkH;oGif;oltm;omvQif twdwf b0ü igjzpfcJh\avm
rjzpfcJh\avm ponfjzifh 0dpdudpäm (16)rsKd; jzpfonf[k qdkvdkcsuf xif½Sm;vSonf/ pum;tjyef
Aswd&duftm;jzifhrlum; ]]a,medaom (toifhtwifh rSefrSefuefuef) ESvHk;oGif;wwfoltm;rlum; ig twdwfü
jzpfcJhzl;oavm ponfjzifh 0dpdudpäm (16)rsKd; rjzpf[kem;vnfEdkifonf? þodkY twdwfumv twdwfb0ü
igjzpfcJhoavm[k ,HkrSm;rI r½Sd oHo,rjzpfbJ ,HkMunfrI ½Sdjcif;jzifh ]]tw¬d ya&m avmaum}} ypöKyÜef
avmurSwyg; tjcm;aom avmu½Sd\[k tjrifrSef or®m'd|d jzpfonf? xdkrQru twdwf tem*wftay:
vHk;0 oHo,uif; 0dpdudpäm½Sif;NyD;oGm;vQif aomwmyefyif jzpfonf? xdkUaMumifh þygVdawmfonf
twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 ½Sd r½Sd [laom t,lESifhpyfonfh apm'em aom"emü om"urajrmuf[k 0denf;"dk&f
q&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
xdkUaemuf pk'dwu OD;cif[efwdkUu "r®*kPf 6-yg;wdkUudk azmfjyí "r®\*kPf&nfonf
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; qdkxm;ouJhodkU r[kwfbJ 'ku©Nidrf;at;a&; twGufom jzpfaMumif;
wifjyavQmufxm;Muonf? (<uif;aom pum;&yfrsm;um; pdppfNyD;wGif yg0ifNyD; jzpfMuonf?)
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u "r®*kPf&nfonf 'ku©Nidrf;a&; r[kwf[k apm'emjcif; r½SdaomaMumifh
þaom"emonfvnf; apm'emESifh roufqdkifacs/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 wrvGefb0 ½Sdonf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mawmfrlygvsuf pk'dwuwdkUu twdwfb0 tem*wf(wrvGef)b0 r½Sd? jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrrl?
ypöKyÜefb0udkom a[monf[k a&;om;a[majymaeMuaMumif;udkom apm'emMuonf? xdkUaMumifh

tpodkU
twdwfb0 tem*wf(wrvGef) b0 ½Sd r½Sd? jrwfpGmbk&m; a[m ra[mudkom wdwdusus acsyoihfvsuf

,if;odkU racsybJ roufqdkifaom pum;rsm;udkom txyfxyf azmfjyaeMu½HkrQom jzpfí
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pGJqdkcsufudk y,fzsufEdkifpGrf; r&Sdacs/
ocifjrwfqdkif\ aom"emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

22/ pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;onf
ypöKyÜefoEd´|du*kPf jzpfaMumif;udk atmufygokwfrsm;wGif awGU&ygonf bk&m;}}[k pum;csD;NyD;vQif-
('DCedum,f? ygxdu0*f? ygom'duokwf 110 wGif) ]]igbk&m;tppf\ w&m;rSefonf oEd´|du
tumvdu {[dyódu Moygae,sdu ypöwåHa0'dwAÁ paom*kPfESifhnDaom w&m; jzpf\? udavomNidrf;rI
w&m;vnf; jzpf\? r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk a½S;½Iaom w&m;vnf; jzpf\? þt*Fg 3-&yfESifh udkufnDaom ig\
w&m;? w&m;ppfrSwfMuavmh}}[k a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;[k avQmufxm; aom"emonf/
þaom"emü om"utjzpf xkwfaqmif wifjyaom ygom'duokwf jrefrmjyefonf bk&m;a[m
ygVdawmftwdkif; r[kwfbJ udk,fvdk&m udk,fa&;xm;onfhtwGuf t"dyÜm,f ysuf,Gif;aeonf?
bk&m;a[mawmfrlaom rltwdkif; jrefrmjyef t"dyÜm,frSm-
]]pkE´ þomoemüum; q&monfvnf; (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkUudk) udk,fwdkifrSefpGm
odol jzpf\? w&m;onfvnf; aumif;pGm a[mtyfaom w&m; jzpf\? aumif;pGm odtyfaom
w&m; jzpf\? r*fzdkvfqdkufa&mufaMumif; w&m; jzpf\? udavom Nidrf;rIudk jzpfapwwfaom
w&m; jzpf\? bk&m;pifppf a[mtyfaom w&m; jzpf\}}/
þodkUom jzpfonf? ocifjrwfqdkif wifjyaom t"dyÜm,fESifh rsm;pGm uGmjcm;aeayonf/
rnfodkUyif jzpfapumrl þa'oemawmfonf ]]q&monfvnf; bk&m;ppf bk&m;rSefjzpfí csD;rGrf;
tyfaomq&m jzpfonf? w&m;onfvnf; w&m;ppf w&m;rSef jzpfí csD;rGrf;tyfaom w&m;jzpfonf}}[laom
t"dyÜm,fudkom jyaom a'oemawmf jzpfonf? twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 r½Sd[laom t"dyÜm,fudkjyaom
a'oemawmf r[kwfacs/
23/ wpfzef ocifjrwfqdkifu ]]w&m;a'oemrsm;udkvnf; oEd´|du tp½dSaom
w&m;*kPfESifhtnD a[mMum;&efudk (ed'ge uóyoH,kwf pE´Lyrokwf? 391 wGif) &[ef;wdkU rnfonfh
&[ef;rqdk oEd´d|du tumvdu {[dyódupaom w&m;*kPfESifhnDaom w&m;udkom a[mMu?
r*fzdkvftusKd;udkvnf;jzpfMuap? w&m;rSefudk odí usifhoHk;EdkifMuap[k a[mrSomvQif pifMu,faom
w&m;}}[k a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;[k avQmufxm; aom"emjyefonf/
ocifjrwfqdkif wifjyaom pE´Lyrokwfonfvnf; ]]w&m;*kPfawmf 6-yg;udk ESvHk;oGif;í
ighw&m;udk emMum;Murl? emNyD;í odMurl? odNyD;í t&[wåzdkvftusKd;iSm usifhMurl aumif;avpG[k
pdwfxm;vsuf w&m;awmf\ aumif;aom w&m;\tjzpfudk pGJí oem;Muifemjcif;jzifh olwyg;tm;

tpodkU
w&m;a[maom &[ef;\ w&m;a[mjcif;onf pifMu,f\}}[k pifMu,faom w&m;a[myHkudk

jyaomokwfjzpfonf? twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 r½Sd [laomteufudk jyaomokwf r[kwfacs/
24/ wpfzef ocifjrwfqdkifu rZÑdryPÖmo a0ceokwf 246 wGif upömetm; ]]upöme
þtwlomvQif [efraqmif rvSnfhywf ajzmifhrwfaom oabm½Sdonfh odem;vnfaom a,mufsm;onf
vmygap? igqHk;rrnf? igw&m;a[mrnf? igqHk;ronfhtwdkif; usifhoHk;olonf rMumjrifhrDyif þodkUvQif
t0dZÆmtaESmiftzJGUrS vGwfajrmufNyD[k udk,fwdkifomvQif odvdrfhrnf? udk,fwdkifomvQif jrifvdrfhrnf[k
ajzmifhrwfaom vlwpfOD;tm; w&m;*kPfESifhtnD csufcsif;vufiif; tusKd;½Sdrnf jzpfaMumif;
a[mMum;xm;ygonf bk&m;}}[k avQmufxm; aom"emjyefonf/
þü ocifjrwfqdkif wifjyaom a0ceookwfonfvnf; twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 r½Sd
ypöKyÜefb0om ½dSonf[laom t"dyÜm,fudk rjyacs/ xdkUaMumihf ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsufonf
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pum;udk y,f½Sm;EdkifpGrf; r½Sdacs? trSefpifppf ocifjrwfqdkifonf rdrdacsy&mü
ygVdawmfaygif; rnfrQ udk;um;vdkufonf[k yvTm;0g<um;vdkíom ,ckuJhodkU rqDrqdkif tudk;tum;rsm;udk
wifjyjcif;jzpf[ef wlayonf/
twdwfb0ESifh tem*wf(wrvGef)b0udk jrwfpGmbk&m;

a[maMumif;ESifh tusKd;tjypfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf
25/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ypöyÜKefudkomru twdwfb0ESifh
tem*wf(wrvGef)b0 wdkUudkvnf; a[mawmfrlygonf[k tqdkwifMu\? pk'dwuwdkUurl twdwfb0
tem*wf(wrvGef) b0udkra[m? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ypöKyÜeform;oufoufomjzpfonf?
umvoHk;yg;udka[maom 0g'onf ed*P²em#ykwå\ 0g'omjzpfonf[k acsyMu\? xdk tqdk
tacsESpf&yfwdkUwGif rnfol\pum;onf bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfESifh nDñGwf ESD;aESmrdonf odkUr[kwf
qefUusifonfwdkUudk odEdkif&ef bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;udk Munfh½IMu&m atmufyg ygVdawmfrsm;udk
awGU&ayonf/
]]&[ef;wdkU þoHo&m\ tpudk rodEdkif? t0dZÆmzHk;uG,ftyfukef wPSmaESmifêud;jzifh
zJGUcsnftyfukefonfjzpfí þb0rS xdkb0 xdkb0rS þb0odkU ajy;oGm;usifvnfMu&onfh owå0gwdkU\
a½S;tpGef;onf rxifEdkif(rodEdkif)? &[ef;wdkU Oyrmaomfum; a,mufsm;onf þZrÁL'dyfuRef;ü ½SdorQ
xif;jruf opfcuf opf½Gufudk jzwfí þum; igh trd? þum; ig\ trd\ trd ponfjzifh csí
a&wGufaomf þZrÁL'dyfuRef;ü ½SdorQ jruf xif; opfcuf opf½Gufom ukef&m\? xdka,mufsm;\ trd
tqufqufwdkUum; rukefEdkifMu&may/ &[ef;wdkU odkUuavmuf ½Snfvsm; Mumjrifhonfh aeUnOfhwdkUywfvHk;
qif;&JudkcHpm; &zl;vSavNyD/ xufjrufjyif;jyonfh qif;&JudkcHpm;cJhzl;vSavNyD/ ysufpD;jcif;trsKd;rsKd;udk
cHpm;cJh&zl;vSavNyD? ocFsKdif;ajryHkudk wdk;yGm;apcJhvSavNyD? &[ef;wdkU þtvHk;pHkaom ocFg&wdkUü NiD;aiGUjcif;iSm

tpodkU
wyfrufrIuif;jcif;iSm vGwfajrmufjcif;iSm oifhvSonfomwnf;}}[k jrwfpGmbk&m;onf twdwfb0wdkUudk

jyvsuf oHa0*ÓPf jzpfapawmfrlonf/ (oH? 1? 387) (terw*¾oH,kwf? wdPu|okwf)
xdkUtwl þajrBuD;udk qD;aphavmuf qD;aphavmuf tvHk;i,frsm; ûyí þum; ig\tz? þum;
ightz\ tz ponfjzifh csí a&wGufaomf þajrBuD; ukefaomfvnf; xdka,mufsm;\ tztqufquf
rukefEdkifyHk Oyrmjzifhvnf;aumif;? oHo&mü usifvnfpOf idka<u;cJh&aom owå0gwdkU\ rsuf&nf
aomufpdkUcJh&aom EdkU&nfwdkU ork'´&m av;pif;a&rQru rsm;cJhyHk OyrmwdkUjzifhvnf;aumif;?
ausmufawmifOyrm? rkefnif;aphOyrm wdkUjzifhvnf;aumif; oHo&mü usifvnfcJh&yHkudkjyvsuf oHa0*ÓPf
jzpfapawmfrlonf/ (oH? 1? 387? 390/)
(terw*¾oH,kwf yx0Dokwf? tókokwf? cD&okwf? yAÁwokwf? omoyokwf)
,if;oH,kwfygVdawmf '@okwf 392 üum; aumif;uifodkUypfvdkufaom wkwfonf t&if;jzifhvnf;
uswwf? tv,fjzifhvnf; uswwf? tzsm;jzifhvnf; uswwfouJhodkU þtwl oHo&mü
ajy;vTm;usifvnf&aom owå0gonf þavmurS wyg;aom avmuodkU oGm;&\? wyg;aom avmurS
þavmuodkUvm&\? þodkU jzpf&jcif;onf tp rodEdkifatmifoHo&m ½Snfvsm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf
ponfjzifh a[mjyvsuf oHa0*ÓPf jzpfyGm;apawmfrlonf/
,if;oH,kwf wðorwåokwf 394? 395üum; oHk;usdyfaom yga0,suwdkif;om; b'´0*¾D
nDaemif&[ef;wdkUtm; ½Snfvsm;vSaom oHo&mü EGm; uRJ odk; qdwf orif Muuf 0uf ½Gmzsuf'jr vrf;'jr
olUom;r,m;usL;vGefol jzpfpOf OD;acgif;jzwfcH&í xGufusaom aoG;&nfMunfwdkU
ork'´&mav;pif;a&rQru rsm;vSNyD[k oHo&m usifvnfcJh&yHkudk a[mawmfrl&m &[ef;awmf oHk;usdyfwdkU
tmoa0g ukefcrf;í &[EÅm jzpfMuavonf/
26/ rZÑdryPÖmoygVd? tyPÖuokwf ESm-62 rS 76ü wrvGefb0r½Sd [laom t,lESifh
ywfoufí jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif qHk;jzwfcsufcsawmfrlcJhyHkudk þodkU awGU&\/
tcgwyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf rsm;pGmaom &[ef;oHCmESifhtwl aumovwdkif;ü a'opm&D
vSnfhvnfawmfrlvwfaom omvmrnfaom ykPÖm;½GmodkU a&mufawmfrlonf? xdktcg omv½Gmom;
ykPÖm;ol<u,fwdkUudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]ol<u,fwdkU oifwdkUrSm taMumif;cdkifvHk ,HkMunf ESpfoufavmufonfh
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom q&morm; ½SdMuoavm}}[k ar;awmfrl&m ]]r½Sdao;yg}}[kavQmufMuojzifh
]]ol<u,fwdkU oifwdkUonf ESpfoufavmufaom q&morm;udk r&Muao;vQif þrvJGEdkifaom
tusifhw&m;udk aumif;pGmaqmufwnfí usifhxdkuf\? rvGJEdkifonfh tusifhw&m;udk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk aumif;pGm
aqmufwnfxm;vQif oifwdkUtwGuf aeUnOfU ½SnfMum pD;yGm;csrf;om jzpfvdrfhrnf}}[k rdefUawmfrlNyD;vQif
rvGJEdkifonfh tusifhw&m;udk þodkU a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
ol<u,fwdkU? (u)ay;vªusKd;r½Sd? tvªBuD; ylaZmf&usKd; r½Sd? vufaqmif yPÖmay;jcif; paom
tvªi,f ylaZmf&usKd;r½Sd? aumif;rI raumif;rI\ tusKd;0dyguf r½Sd? þavmur½Sd? wpfyg;aom (wrvGef)

tpodkU
avmur½Sd? trdaus;Zl;r½Sd? tzaus;Zl;r½Sd aoí wzefjzpfaom owå0gwdkUr½Sdukef? þavmuESifh

wyg;aom (wrvGef) avmuudk udk,fwdkif xl;aom ÓPfjzifhodí rsufarSmufûyum a[mMum;Edkifonfh
rSefpGmod rSefpGm usifhukefaom orP jA[®PwdkU r½Sdukef[k ajymqdk,lqMuaom orP jA[®PwdkUESifh
(c)ay;vªusKd; ½Sd\? wpfyg;aom (wrvGef) avmu ½Sd\? rSefpGmod rSefpGm usifhukefaom orP
jA[®PwdkU½Sdukef\ [kajymqdk,lqMuaom orP jA[®PwdkU\ tcsif;csif; ajzmifhajzmifh qefUusifaom 0g'
½SdMuonfh tjzpfudk ar;ajza[mjyNyD;vQif xdk ESpf0g'wdkUwGif y,f& ,l&rnfh 0g'udk þodkUjyawmfrlonf/
ay;vªusKd;r½Sd? wrvGefavmu r½Sd ponfjzifh ,lavh½Sdaom ew¬du0g'Dorm;wdkUonf ukodkvf
tukodkvfwdkU\ tusKd;tjypfudk rjrifMuaomaMumifh okp½dkufudk zsufqD;í 'kp½dkufudk
usifhMuvdrfhrnf[laom tjypfom {uef&rnf? wrvGefavmu xif½Sm;½Sdygvsuf wrvGefavmu r½Sd[k
,laomol\ t,lonf rSm;aomt,l jzpf\? wrvGefavmu xif½Sm;½Sdygvsuf wrvGefavmu r½Sd[k
MuHaomol\ tMuHonf rSm;aomtMuH jzpf\? wrvGefavmu xif½Sm;½Sdygvsuf wrvGefavmur½Sd[k
ajymaomol\ pum;onf rSm;aompum; jzpf\? wrvGefavmu xif½Sm;½Sdygvsuf wrvGefavmu
r½Sd[kajymaomolonf wrvGefavmuudk odMuaom &[EÅmt½SifjrwfwdkUtm; qefUusifbufûyol jzpf\?
wrvGefavmu xif½Sm;½Sdygvsuf wrvGefavmu r½Sd[k odapjcif;onf rolawmfw&m;udk odapjcif;
jzpf\? xdkrolawmfw&m;udk odapjcifhjzifhvnf; rdrdudk,fudk csD;ajr§muf\? olwyg;udk ½Iwfcs\? þodkUvQif
xdkolUrSm a½S;rqGuyif aumif;aom tusifhonf y,fxm;NyD; jzpf\? raumif;aom tusifhonf
a½S;½Iwnfae\? þrSm;aomt,l rSm;aomtMuH rSm;aompum; t&d,mwdkUESifh qefUusifjcif;[laom
,kwfrmonfh tukodkvfw&m; rsm;pGmwdkUonf rSm;aomt,l [laom taMumif;aMumifh xdkolUrSm
jzpfay:vmMuukef\/
ol<u,fwdkU ynm½Sdolonf þodkUqifjcif\? wrvGefavmu r½Sdponf ,lqaom
ew¬du0g'orm;wdkU\ tvdktwdkif; tu,fí wrvGefavmu r½SdvQifawmfayao;\? odkU&mwGif
udk,fusifhpm&dwå ysufpD;ol ponfjzifh ynm½SdwdkU\ tuJht&JUudkum; vufiif; cH&ayrnf? wrvGefavmu
trSef½SdaevQifum; rsufarSmufü ynm½SdwdkU\ tuJh&JUcH&½Hkomru aoonfhtjcm;rJhüvnf; i&JodkU
usa&muf&rnf jzpf&m ypöKyÜefa&m oHo&myg ESpfbufvHk; t½IH;xGufonf [kqifjcif\/
ol<u,fwdkU ay;vªusKd; ½Sd\? wrvGefavmu ½Sd\ ponfjzifh ,lavh½Sdaom
tw¬du0g'Dyk*¾dKvfwdkUonfum; ukodkvf tukodkvf\ tusKd;tjypfudk jrifaomaMumifh 'kp½dkufudk
azmufcGJzsufqD;í okp½dkufudk ûyusifhMuvdrfhrnf[laom tusKd;udkom {uef&rnf? xif½Sm;½Sdonfh
wrvGefavmuudk ]]wrvGefavmu xif½Sm; ½Sd\}}[k ,lqMuHpnf ajymqdkol\ t,l tMuH tajymonf
rSefaom t,l rSefaom tMuH rSefaom tajym jzpf\? wrvGef avmu ½Sd\[k ajymqdkolonf
wrvGefavmuudk odawmfrlMuonfh &[EÅmt½SifjrwfwdkUudk qefUusifbuf rûyvkyf? wrvGefavmu ½Sd\[k
odapjcif;onf olawmfaumif;w&m;udk odapjcif; jzpf\? xdkolawmfaumif;w&m;udk odapjcif;jzifh

tpodkU
rdrdudk,fudk rcsD;ajr§muf? olwyg;udk r½Iwfcs? þodkUvQif xdkolrSm a½S;rqGuyif raumif;aom tusihfonf

y,fxm;NyD; jzpf\? aumif;aom tusifhonf a½S;½Iwnfae\? þrSefaom t,l rSefaom tMuH rSefaom
pum; t&d,mwdkUESifh rqefUusifjcif; olawmfaumif;w&m;udk odapjcif; rdrdudk,fudk rcsD;ajr§mufjcif;
olwyg;udk r½Iwfcsjcif; [laom rsm;pGmaom ukodkvfw&m;wdkUonf rSefaomt,l[laom taMumif;aMumifh
xdkolrSm jzpfay:vmMuukef\/
ol<u,fwdkU ynm½Sdonf þodkUqifjcif\? tw¬du0g'DtwGuf tu,fí wrvGefavmu ½SdvQif
aoonfhaemufü ewfjynfodkUa&muf&rnf? ew¬du0g'DwdkU qdkouJhodkU wrvGefavmu (tu,fí)
r½SdapOD;awmh? rsufarSmufb0üyif oDv½Sdol rSefaomt,l½Sdol uH uH\tusKd;udk ,HkMunfaom 0g'½Sdol[k
ynm½SdwdkU tcsD;trGrf;cH&rnfjzpf&m ypöKyÜefa&m oHo&myg ESpfbufvHk; atmifEdkifol ESpfbufvHk;
tjrwfxGufol jzpfonf[k qifjcif\? þodkU xdkol\ aumif;pGm pGJ,l aqmufwnfxm;onfh
rvGJrSm;Edkifaom tusihfw&m;onf ESpfyg;aom tzdkUudk ysHUESHUí wnf\? tukodkvfjzpfaMumif; raumif;rIudk
y,f\[k jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonf/
27/ þa'oemawmfwdkUudk axmufí jrwfpGmbk&m;onf yk*¾dKvf\ tvdk tZÑmo,tvdkuf
xdkufonf tm;avsmfpGm ypöKyÜef wpfb0udkomru twdwfb0 tem*wfb0wdkUudkvnf;
a[mjyawmfrlonfrSm vGefpGm xif½Sm;vSayonf/
xdkUaMumifh twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 r½Sd ypöKyÜef wpfb0om ½Sdonf[laom t,lonf
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t,l r[kwf? xdkt,ludk jrwfpGmbk&m;\t,l[k a&;om;a[majym 0g'jzefUaeMuaom
OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\ aemufvdkufwdkU\ t,lonf Oapä'0g' t"r®0g'om jzpfonf? jrwfpGmbk&m;udkyg
olwdkUuJhodkU ½kyf0g'Djzpfatmif (ykcuf ESifh acgif;tMum;) wpfb0orm; jzpfatmif vkyfMuH vnfq,f
pGyfpGJaeMujcif;om jzpfonf[k EdkifiHawmfoD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzJGU trSwf(2)tzGJU0if q&mawmfwdkU
wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

apm'em trSwf (6) (20)
tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k qdkjcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,?
oH*g,em 6 wefudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif
a[majymjcif;ESifh pyfaom 0dedpä,
trSwf(6) apm'emwifvTm (tbd"r®mudk bk&m;ra[m r[kwf[k qdkjcif;)?
trSwf(20) apm'emwifvTm (o*Fg,em 6 wefudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif a[majymjcif;)/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k pk'dwuwdkUu a0zefykwfcwfMuaMumif;?
xdkpGyfpGJcsufonf ax&0g' yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;ESifh rnDñGwfojzifh t"r®0g' jzpfaMumif;? xdkUjyif
o*Fg,em(6)wefwif ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk ayghysufatmif xdk;ESufa0zefjcif;rsm;onfvnf;
bk&m;a[mudk bk&m;ra[m[k vkyf&ef êud;pm;csufjzpfí t"r®0g'om jzpfaMumif; þ½Hk;awmfodkU
oufaotaxmuftxm; pHkvifpGmjzifh wifjyavQmufxm;Muonf? þapm'emcsufudk OD;qE´m"du?
ocifjrwfqdkif ESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzJGUwdkUu aom"emcJhMuonf? þapm'emwifvTm ESpf&yfwdkU
tcsif;csif; uGif;quf jzpfaeaomaMumifh ¤if;wdkUudk wpfaygif;wnf; pdppfoHk;oyf qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/
pdppfoHk;oyf&mü aMumif;usKd;tquftpyf rSefuefjcif;ç a½SUaemuftpOfusjcif;udk OD;pm;ay;í
pOf;pm;rnf jzpfjcif;aMumifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU aom"emûycsuf tpOfusrnf r[kwfay/
1/ pk'dwuwdkUu tbd"r®m bk&m;a[m r[kwfaMumif;udk-
(u) r[m0if 'Dy0if plV0g (4 usrf;ajrmuf) 0denf;ygVdawmf rSwfwrf;rsm;wGif
yxro*Fg,em 'kwd,o*Fg,em ESpf&yfvHk;ü tbd"r®myd#uwf[lí rygjcif;ç
(c) bmPupm&if;wGif tbd"r®m rygjcif;ç
(*) t|uxmrsm;ESifh a½S;a[mif;ausmufpmrsm;wGif tbd"r®mbmPu [lí
rawGU&jcif;ç þtcsuf oHk;csufjzifh a½S;OD;pGm wifjyMuonf/
txufyg (u) (c) (*) tcsufwdkUudk MunfhvQif tbd"r®m bk&m;a[m r[kwfaMumif;udk ]]pm}}ESifh
pum;ajymMujcif; jzpf\? rsm;aomtm;jzifh OD;Ouú|*dkPf;om;wdkUonf ]]pm}}a½SmifMu\? olwdkU\ 0g'rSm;yHkudk
pmwwfolrsm;u pmayjzifh ajymMuavaomtcg tvum; pmorm;BuD;awG w,loefBuD;awG[k ajymNyD;
ypfrSwfudk a½SmifMuonf? odkUaomf ,ck pk'dwuwdkU\ pum;onf ]]pm}}jzifh jyvmojzifh
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; taejzifh pmjzifhyif ½Sif;vif;oHk;oyf&ayrnf/
Ak'¨tbd"r®mESifh ywfoufí usrf;*efydkif; tbd"r®mbmom&yf\ oabmw&m;ydkif; ESifh ordkif;ydkif;
[lí t"du tydkif;BuD; (3)ydkif; ½Sdonf? bmomjcm; vlrsKd;jzpfaom taemufwdkif; okawoDwdkUESifhwuG
¤if;wdkU\ aemufvdkufpk'dwu OD;Ouú| ocifjrwfqdkif or®m'd|dokawoe qdkolwdkUonf

tpodkU
ordkif;ydkif;rSomvQif tbd"r®m bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k a0zefMujcif; jzpfonf? tbd"r®m ckESpfusrf;\

oabmw&m;ydkif;tjrifjzifh bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k a0zefEdkifMuolrsm; r[kwfay? þtcsufudk
av;av;eufeufBuD; êudwifrSwfom;Mu&ayrnf/
tbd"r®mudk oabmw&m;ydkif;rS OD;Ouú|wdkU\ q&morm;rsm;jzpfaom taemufwdkif;
okawoDwdkUonfvnf; ra0zefEdkif? OD;Ouú|wdkUvnf; ra0zefEdkifacs/
2/ r[m0ifESifh 'Dy0ifwdkUonf yxro*Fg,em 'kwd,o*Fg,emESifhpyfí plV0gygVdawmfudkyif
,lí a&;om;Mu&m plV0gygVdawmfudk oHk;oyfvQif udpöNyD;awmhonfom/
plV0gygVdawmf yÍöowduo*Ðwdu©Eüü t½Sifr[muóyax&fonf yxro*Fg,emwif&ef
tMuHjzpfí &[ef;awmfrsm;tm;-
]][E´ r,H tm0kaom "r®Íö 0de,Íö o*Fg,mr yka& t"ar®m 'dAÁwd? "ar®m y#dAm[d,swd
(0d? 4? 481/)}} ]]igh½SifwdkU t"r®rxGef;yrD "r®ypfy,fjcif; rcH&rD "r®ESifh0de,udk aygif;pk½Gwfum
oH*g,emwifMuukeftHh-}}
[lí a½S;OD;pGm rdefUawmfrlonf/
¤if;aemuf 0de,ESifhpyfí yxryg&mZduodu©myk'fudk tpûyvsuf odu©myk'fudk
ynwf&jcif;taMumif; rnfolUudk taMumif;ûyí ynwf&aMumif; ynwf&m Xme ponfwdkUudk
t½SifOygvdtm; ar;jref;aomtcg 0dóZÆujzpfol t½SifOygvduvnf; ar;jref;orQudk ajzawmfrlonf?
tar;tajz NyD;aomtcg 500 aom oHCmawmfwdkU pkaygif; ½GwfqdkawmfrlMuonf? þtpOfrQavmufom
xif½Sm;apí o*Fg,emwifMuyHkudk t>rufrQ jyawmfrlonf? xdkenf;twdkif; "r®ESifh pyfqdkif&müvnf;
t½Sifr[muóyax&fu t½SiftmeE´mtm; jA[®Zmvokwfudk tb,ft&yfü tb,foludk taMumif;ûyí
tb,fodkUaom taMumif;tcsufaMumifh Ak'¨jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlonfudk ar;awmfrlyHk?
t½SiftmeE´muajzawmfrlyHk? tar;ajz NyD;aomtcg oHCmawmfrsm; pkaygif;½GwfqdkawmfrlMuyHkudk t>rufrQ
jyawmfrlonf/
3/ owåowduo*Ðwdu©Eü 'kwd, o*Fg,emwifcef;üvnf; ykpäujzpfawmfrlaom
t½Sifa&0wax&fu 0dóZÆu jzpfaom t½SifoAÁumrdax&ftm; ]]od*ÐavmP-tyfygoavm? rtyfvQif
tb,ft&yfü tb,fygVdawmfwGif Ak'¨jrwfpGm y,fawmfrlcJhygoenf;? ,if; od*ÐavmPudk toHk;ûyvQif
tb,f tmywfoifhygoenf;}} ponfjzifh 0de,0w¬K 10 csufudk tao;pdwf ar;awmfrlyHk?
t½SifoAÁumrdax&fu toD;oD; ajzawmfrlyHkudk t>rufrQ jyawmfrlonf? þodkU plV0g aemufqHk;cEü
ESpf&yfwGif tbd"r®[laom pum;vHk; rygaomaMumifh tbd"r®m bk&m;a[mr[kwf[kqdkygvQif oH*g,em
tar;tajzwGif ryg0ifbJ <uif;usefaom odu©myk'f <uif;usefaom okwfwdkUudk þcEü ESpf&yfü wdkuf½dkuf
rygaomaMumifh bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k qdkEdkifaumif;tHhavm? trSeftm;jzifh rqdkEdkifay/
4/ okwåef"r®qdkif&müvnf; okwfwpfokwfrQ erlemtjzpf ar;ajzyHkudk jyvQif

tpodkU
<uif;okwfwdkUudkvnf; a[mawmfrlaMumif; od&ouJhodkU "r®[laom pum;vHk;ü tbd"r®m tusKH;0ifvsuf

yg&Sdaom tbd"r®mESifh pyfívnf; ar;um ajzum oH*g,emwifoGm;awmfrlMuonf[k odtyf
odEdkifayawmhonf? wpfzef 'kwd,o*Fg,emcef;üvnf; 0de,0w¬K 10-csuf tar;tajzrQudkom
plV0gygVdawmfu jyxm;aomaMumifh 0denf;ygVdawmf okwåefygVdawmf tbd"r®mygVdawmfwdkUudk
o*Fg,emrwif[k qdkEdkifaumif;rnfr[kwf? trSefpifppfaomfum;-
]]£rm, acg ye 0de,o*Ðwd,m owåbdu©Kowmed tElemed tem"dumed ta[oHk?
wo®m,H 0de,o*Ðwd owåowdumwd 0kpöwd}}/ (0d 4? 508/) (plV0gygVdawmf)
þ 0de,o*Ðwdü &[EÅm 700 r,kwfrydk yg½SdMuaomaMumifh þ 0de,o*Ðwdudk owåowdum
0ded,o*Ðwd[k ac:qdk&avonf/
þ pum;t& 0denf;udk aygif;pk½Gwfjcif; (0de,o*Ðwd)[k qdkaomfvnf; okwf 0denf; tbd"r®m 3-
yg;vHk;udk aygif;pk½Gwfqdkjcif;[k em;vnfMuí aumuf,lMu&onfom jzpfayonf? 0de,o*Ðwd[k
wdkuf½dkufqdkxm;í 'kwd,o*Fg,emyGJü okwåefESifh tbd"r®mudk o*Fg,emrwif[k uyfudk;ír&ay/
5/ þü "r®0de,o'´g (yk'fpk ormofyk'ftjzpfjzifh) omoemwpfckvHk;udk
a[myHkudkvnf;aumif;? "r®o'´gwpfckwnf; 0de,o'´gwpfckwnf;u yd#u 3-yHkudk a[myHkudk vnf;aumif;?
]]"r®H 0de,H p "ar®m p 0dea,m p}[k 0gus'Gef taejzifh a[mvQif "r®o'´gjzifh okwåefESifh tbd"r®mudk
aumuf,l&í 0de,o'´gjzifh 0denf;yd#uudk aumuf,l&yHkudkvnf;aumif;? "r® tbd"r®? 0de, tbd0de,
tpdwfpdwf cJGí a[mvQif "r®ESifhtbd"r®? 0de,ESifhtbd0de, toD;oD; cGJí aumuf,l&yHkudk vnf;aumif;
½Sif;vif;pdppfí jyOD;tHh/
(u) ormofyk'f "r®0de,o'´gu omoemudk a[myHk

a, aw bdu©a0 bdu©K e0g tpd&yAÁZdwm t"kem*wm £rH "r®0de,H aw a0g bdu©a0
bdu©L pwkEéH owdy|memeH bm0em, orm'aywAÁm ywd|maywAÁm/ (oH 3? 125/)
(r[m0*¾oH,kwf)
jrefrmtusOf;
&[ef;wdkU topfjzpfí rMumrDu &[ef;ûyvmMuaom þomoemawmfodkU ,ckrS
a&mufvmMuaom &[ef;wdkUudk owdy|mefav;yg; yGm;apzdkU&ef aqmufwnfap& wnfaeap&
csxm;Mu&rnf/
£rH acg wH bdu©a0 aomabx ,H wkarS {0H oGmu©maw "r®0dea, yAÁZdwm ormem
tmp&da,ok tmp&d,arawåok OyZÑma,ok OyZÑm,rawåok t*g&0g tyÜ#dóm
tobm*0kwådum 0d[a&,smwd/ (0d 3? 275/) (0denf;r[m0gygVd)
jrefrmtusOf;

tpodkU
&[ef;wdkU oifwdkU\ q&m q&mavmuf av;pm;xdkufol OyZÑm,fq&m OyZÑm,fq&mavmuf

av;pm;xdkufol yk*¾dKvfrsm;tay: r½dkrao rwkyfrysyf toufarG;rI rwlnDbJ oifwdkU aeMurnfqdkvQif
þodkU igbk&m; aumif;pGm a[mxm; (aumif;pGm pDrHxm;) tyfaom omoemawmfü &[ef;ûyolrsm;
jzpfMuygvsuf xdkomoemudk oifwdkU wifhw,fapEdkifukefrnfavm? wifhw,faponf rnfMuukefrnfavm/
þ ygVdawmfESpf&yfü a[mawmfrltyfaom "r®0de,o'´gjzifh omoemawmfudk qdkvdkonf?
"r®0de,o'´gu ]]omoem}}[laom teuft"dyÜm,fudkazmfjyonf? þodkU ]]omoem}}[laom teufudk
,ljcif;onf ygVdawmf\ teuft"dyÜm,f aumuf,lyHk xHk;enf;jyaom atmufyg r[meda'ó
t|uxmpum;t& ygVdwwf ynm½Sifwdkif; em;vnfNyD;om; jzpfMuygonf/
(1) tyd apwH odu©wå,ocFgwH ouvH omoeH? twåaem um&uH tyga,ok tywrmeH
uwGm "ma&wDwd "ar®m? aom0 oHudavoyu©H 0daewDwd 0dea,m? "ar®m p aom
0dea,m pmwd "r®0dea,m/ (r[meda'ó? |? 126)
wpfenf;rSm odu©moHk;yg;jzifh a&wGuftyfaom omoemwpfckvHk;onf vdkufemusifhMuHoludk
tyg,frusapbJ aqmifxm;wwfaomaMumifh "r®? npfñl;aom tydkif;udk y,fwwfaomaMumifh 0de,
rnf\? "r®0de, [laom ygVdjzifh bk&m;omoemwpf&yfvHk; aumuf,l&yHkudk atmufygtwdkif;
odEdkifayao;\/
(2) ukv"ar®[d 0g tukovm "r®meH {o 0dea,mwd "r®0dea,m/ (r[meda'ó? |? 126)
ukodkvf"r®wdkYjzifh tukodkvf"r®wdkYudk y,fazsmufwwfaomaMumifh (oDvwå,o*Ðwdu)
omoemonf "r®0de, rnf\/
(3) "ar®e 0g 0dea,m e '@m'D[Dwd "r®0dea,m/ (r 1? 127/)
wkwfvQifuef ponfjzifh r[kwfbJ w&m;ojzifh qHk;r&m jzpfaomaMumifh omoemonf "r®0de,
rnf\/
(4) "r®m, 0g 0dea,m "r®0dea,m? te0ZÆ"r®wåaO§S§o 0dea,m? e b0abm*grdow¬H/
(r[meda'ó? |? 127)
b0pnf;pdrf tusKd;iSm r[kwfbJ tjypfuif;aom w&m;tusKd;iSm qHk;r&mjzpfaomaMumifh
omoemonf "r®0de, rnf\/
(5) 0dod|H 0g e,wDwd 0dea,m? "r®awm 0dea,m "r®0dea,m? oHom&"r®awm [d
aomum'd"r®awm 0g {o 0dod|H edAÁmeH e,wd/ (r[meda'ó? |? 127)
oHo&moabm aomu paom oabmrS xl;aom edAÁmefodkU aqmifwwfaomaMumifh omoemonf
"r®0de, rnf\/
(6) "r®ó 0g 0dea,m e wdw¬u&meEdÅ "r®0dea,m? "r®blawm [d b*0g? waó0 0dea,m/
(r[meda'ó? |? 127)

tpodkU
w&m;wHk; w&m;cJBuD; jzpfawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ qHk;r&mjzpfaomaMumifh omoemawmfonf

"r®0de, rnf\/
(7) ,o®m 0g "r®m {0 tbdan,sm y&dan,sm y[mwAÁm bma0wAÁm opädumwAÁm p?
wo®m {o "ar®ok 0dea,m e oawåok eZDa0ok pmwd "r®0dea,m/
(r[meda'ó? |? 127)
tbdan,s y&dan,s y[mwAÁ bma0wAÁ opädumwAÁ jzpfaom w&m;wdkUü
qHk;r&mjzpfaomaMumifh omoemonf "r®0de, rnf\/
(c) "r®o'´goufouf yd#u oHk;yHkvHk;udk a[myHk

£" ye bdau©a0 {upö ukvykwåm "r®H y&d,mykPEdÅ okwåH a*,sH a0,smu&PH *gxH
O'geH £wd0kwåuH ZmwuH tAÇKw"r®H a0'vH’? aw wH "r®H y&d,mykPdwGm awoH "r®meH ynm,
tw¬H e Oyy&du©EÅd/ (r 1? 187/)
jrefrmtusOf;
&[ef;wdkU þomoemawmfü tcsKdUaom tESpfrJhaom a,mufsm;wdkUonf okwå? a*,s?
a0,smu&P? *gxm? O'gef;? £wd0kwf? tAÇKw"ar®? a0'v’ [kqdktyfaom "r® (yd#u oHk;yHk) udk
oif,lMuukef\? oif,lNyD;aomf xdkolwdkUonf xdkygVd"r®wdkU\ teuft"dyÜm,fudk ynmjzifh aumif;pGm
rqifjcifMuukef (ponf)/ (rlvyPÖmo tv*'´Lyrokwf/)
rSwfcsuf/ / þ ygVdawmfonf okwåo'´gjzifh 0denf;ygVdawmfrsm;ESifh eda'ó okwåedygwf ponfwdkUudk
aumuf,l&rnf[lívnf;aumif;? a0,smu&Po'´gjzifh tbd"r®yd#uwpfckvHk;ESifh *gxmrygaom
okwfrsm;udk aumuf,l&rnf[lívnf;aumif; þokwftzGifh t|uxm ESm-9 ü t|uxmq&m
zGifhqdkxm;onf/
(*) 0de,o'´goufoufu yd#uoHk;yHkvHk;udk a[myHk

uwarm p bdu©a0 ok*w0dea,m? aom "rH® a'aowd tm'duvsmPH raZÑuvsmPH
y&da,momeuvsmPH omw¬H oAsÍÆeH au0vy&dykPÖH y&dok'¨H jA[®p&d,H yumaowd? t,H
bdu©a0 ok*w0dea,m/ (tH 1? 465/) (ok*w0de,okwf)
jrefrmtusOf;
&[ef;wdkU igbk&m;\ tqHk;tr[lonf tb,fenf;? xdkigbk&m;onf tp tv,f tqHk;
oHk;yg;vHk; aumif;í teufo'´gESifh jynfhpHkaom? tbufbufrS pHkvifí pifMu,faom "r® (yd#uawmf)udk
a[mawmfrlonf/ jrwfaomtusifhudk xifpGmjyawmfrlonf/ &[ef;wdkU þonfum; igbk&m;\
tqHk;trawmfaywnf;/

tpodkU
rSwfcsuf/ / a½SUokwfü "r®o'´gonf yd#u 3-yHkudk a[mouJhodkU þokwfü 0de,o'´gonfvnf;

yd#u 3-yHkudk a[monf/
(C) okwåo'´g yd#uoHk;yHk a[myHk
"r®o'´g 0de,o'´gwdkYonf yd#u 3-yHkudk a[mouJhodkU okwå(okwåEÅ)o'´gonfvnf; yd#u 3-
yHkudk a[mao;onf? t*Fkwå&edum,f pwkw¬r[mya'ookwfü-
£' ye bdu©a0 bdu©K {0H 0a',s? or®KcgaywH tm0kaom b*0awm okwH or®Kcg
y#d*¾[dwH t,H "ar®m t,H 0dea,m ow¬KomoeH/ (tH 1? 489/)
]]&[ef;wdkU þomoemawmfü &[ef;wpfyg;onf þodkUqdk&m\? igh½SifwdkU igonf jrwfpGmbk&m;
rsufarSmufü þum; "r®? þum; 0de,? þum; ow¬Komoe [lí emMum;oif,lcJhonf[kqdk&m\?
&[ef;wdkU xdk&[ef;\ pum;udk vufrcHESifhOD;? y,fvnf; ry,fESifhOD;? olqdkaomyk'f ygVdtu©&mwdkUudk
aumif;pGm avhvmí okwå(yd#u 3-yHk)ücsoGif;um &m*uif;aMumif;w&m;ü xifapum yd#uodkU 0ifvQif?
&m*uif;aMumif;w&m;ü xifvQif þum; igbk&m;\ pum;wnf;? þ&[ef;onf aumif;pGm oif,l
avhvmEdkifayonf[k qHk;jzwfavmh ponfjzifh a[mawmfrlonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / þokwfü ok'dEéax&fonf okwå[laom pum;vHk;jzifh rodrf;ûcHEdkif riHkrdEdkifaom
bk&m;pum;awmfr½Sd? tokwå emruH Ak'¨0peH ew¬d [kqdkí þ r[mya'ookwfü yd#u 3-yHkonf okwå
&m* ponf uif;jcif;\ taMumif;onf 0de, rnf\[k rdefUqdkcJhzl;avonf? þodkU ax&0g'udk jyqdkum
t|uxmq&mu qufí- xdkUaMumifh okawå awyd#au Ak'¨0pae Mowma&wAÁmed (yd#u 3-yHk Ak'Á0pe
[laom okwfü csoGif;&rnf)? 0dea, {wo®ð® &m*g'd0de,um&aP oHoaE´wAÁmed (tH |? 2? 357/ 'D |?
2? 156/) (&m* ponf uif;jcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom 0de,ü xifap&rnf)[k þae&mü
teufaumuf,lyg[k zGifhqdkxm;avonf/ (r[mya'ookwf |-ESifh r[m0*¾ r[my&dedAÁmeokwf-157) /
(i) "r®o'´g avmukwåw&m; 9-yg;udk a[myHk

"r®mEk"r®y#dy'g,mwd "ar®m emr e0 avmukwå&"ar®m? tEk"ar®m emr 0dyóem'd
wó"r®ó tEk½lyg "r®y#dy'g "r®mEk"r®my#dy'g/ (r[meda'ó |? 55/)
jrefrmjyef
"r®mEk"r®y#dy'g [laom pum;&yfü "r®[lonf avmukwå&mw&m; 9-yg;wnf;?
avsmfaomtusifh[lonf 0dyóemponfwnf;? xdkavmukwå&m w&m; 9-yg;tm; avsmfaom 0dyóem
paom tusifhonf "r®mEk"r®y#dy'g rnf\/ (r[meda'ó t|uxm)
(p) "r®o'´g tbd"r®mudk a[myHk

okwåEÅdaumwd okwåaEÅ ed,kawåm? 0de,"a&mwd 0de,yd#u"a&m? "r®uxdaumwd tmbd"r®daum/

tpodkU
(r[meda'ó |? 172/) (r[meda'ó t|u0*¾ 'k||uokwf)
jrefrmjyef
okwåefygVdawmfü wm0efcsxm;jcif;cH&aom olonf okwåEÅdu rnf\? 0denf;yd#uudk aqmifaom
olonf 0de,"& rnf\? "r®udk a[majymol[lonfum; tbd"r®mudk (wm0ef,lí) aqmifaom olwnf;/
6/ þodkU ]]"r®0de,}}[lí "r®ESifh0de, wGJvsufyk'f? ]]"r®}}oufouf? ]]0de,}}oufoufyk'f?
,if;ESifh tvm;wlaom ]]okwåo'´g}}? ¤if;wdkU\ a[mavh½Sdaom yd#uusrf;*efü oHk;pGJavh½Sdaom
teufwdkUudk ,ckuJhodkU xkwfjyjcif;rSm ]]"r®H p 0de,H p}} paom yk'fudk vufudkifûyí teuft&aumuf
xkwfMuaom bmomjcm; vlrsKd;jcm; taemufwdkif; ordkif;okawoDwdkUESifh ,if;wdkU\ aemufvdkuf
jrefrm(or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if)wdkU\ tqdkudk pdppf&ef jzpfonf? "r®H p 0de,H [laom ygVda0g[m&wdkU\
o'´geuf &if;jrpfteufuav;avmufudkom usOf;ajrmif;pGm qkyfudkifívnf;aumif;? bk&m;a[mygVd
a0g[m&wdkU\ ,xmblw teufrSef&atmif zGifhjyaom t|uxmq&mBuD;wdkU\ ñTefjycsufwdkUudk
ypfy,fívnf;aumif;? udk,fvdk&mudk pGJí a&;om;ajymjcif;onf yd#uwfawmfESifh qefUusif½HkrQru
avmutpOftvmtm;jzifhvnf; vHk;0 qefUusifayonf/ om"u jy&aomf EdkifiHwumü tajccHOya'yg
pum;vHk;wdkUudk Oya'jy|mef;ol tpdk;&wdkUu rnfonfhpum;udk rnfodkU qdkvdkonf[k teufzGifhqdkcsuf
owfrSwfay;pjrJjzpfonf? owfrSwfay;onfh teuftwdkif; jynfolwdkUu vdkufem&onf? Mum;vl
wpfOD;wpfa,mufu tajccHOya'üygaom a0g[m&udk tbd"mefvSefMunfhNyD; rdrdvdkcsifovdk t"dyÜm,f
azmf,lí r&ay? þenf;twl bk&m;a[mygVdawmfü ygaom a0g[m&wdkU\ teufudkvnf;
t|uxmq&mrsm; zGifhjyonfhtwdkif;om teuf,l&ayonf? þum; obm0enf;vrf;aywnf;/
7/ ]]"r®}}ESifh ]]tbd"r®}}? ]]0de,}}ESifh ]]tbd0de,}} wGJpyfí a[mvQif ,l&rnfh teufrsm;udk
qufvufjyqdkOD;tHh/
(u) ]]yke py&H bdau©a0 bdu©K "r®umarm a[mwd yd,ork'g[ma&m tbd"r® tbd0dea,
OVm&ygarmZÆm}} (tH 3? 275/ 'D 3? 257) ponf
('ou? tH? yxr emxokwfESifh 'D-3? o*Ðwdokwf)
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU &[ef;wpfyg;onf (yd#u 3-yHk[k qdktyfaom) w&m;udk vdkvm;onf cspfzG,f
emvdkzG,faom pum;udkajymqdkwwfonf? tbd"r®m (odkUr[kwf -r*fzdkvf)üvnf;aumif;? cEü? y&d0g&
[laom jrwfaom (us,f0ef;rsm;jym;aom) 0denf; (odkUr[kwf-udavom Nidrf;at;aMumif;w&m; [laom
tbd0de,)üvnf;aumif; (oif,lavhvmjcif;ç usifhoHk;jcif;tm;jzifh) xl;jcm;jrifhrm;aom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
&Sdonf/
(c) 0denf;r[m0gygVdawmf OyorÜma'wAÁ yÍöuü edó&nf;ay;Edkif? OyZÑm,fûyí

tpodkU
&[ef;cHay;Edkifaom &[ef;\t*Fg (t&nftcsif;) 5-yg; teuf-

]]y#dAavm a[mwd taEÅ0goð 0g tbd"r® 0daewHk tbd0dea, 0daewHk}} (0d 3? 93/)
rdrd\ twGif;aewynhfudk jzpfap twlaewynfhudk jzpfap ½kyfemrfcE¨mESifh pyfaom tbd"r®mü
oGefoifqHk;rjcif;iSm pGrf;Edkif&rnf? ygwdarmuf Obawm0dbif;ESifhwuG plV0gcEü r[m0gcEü
aomVoy&d0g& [laom txufwef;usaom tbd0de,ü ydkUcsoGefoif ûyjyifqHk;rjcif;iSm pGrf;Edkifol
jzpf&rnf[laom t*Fg 2-&yf vm½Sdayonf/
,ck aqmifjyxm;aom okwf ESpfokwfwGif yxrokwfü "r®umarm[laom ygVdjzifh
"r®udkvnf;aumif; tbd"r®[laom ygVdjzifh tbd"r®mudkvnf;aumif; ESpfrsKd; a[mxm;&m ,if; emxokwf
t|uxm (tH |? 3? 291/) "r®t& tbd"r®mESifhwuG yd#uoHk;yHkudkvnf;aumif; tbd"r®mt&
r*fzdkvfudkvnf;aumif; aumufjyxm;ayonf? wpfenf; aumuf,lvQif "r®t& okwåEÅyd#uudk,lí
tbd"r®mt& tbd"r®myd#uudk ,l&rnf[kzGifhjyxm;onf? 'kwd,okwfü tbdormpm&dum, odu©m,mwd
cEü0awå[kzGifhqdkvsuf aocd,odu©myk'f toDwdu©Eü usifh0wfrsm;ESifhwuG Obawm0dbif;udk 0de,[k
aumuf&rnfudkvnf;aumif;? tbd0de, [lonfudk plV0gcEü r[m0gcEü aomVoy&d0g&
aumuf,l&rnfudkvnf;aumif; ñTefjyawmfrlonf? wpfenf;aumuf,lvQif 0denf;yd#u wpfckvHk;udk 0de,?
udavom Nidrf;at;jcif;taMumif;udk tbd0de,[k aumuf,ljyxm;ayonf/
txufwGif azmfjycJhNyD;aom ygVdawmft|uxm pum;&yfwdkUudk tusOf;csKyfí azmfjy&aomf þodkU
odtyf\/
(u) plV0gygVdawmf o*Fg,emcef;ü tbd"r®myd#u rygjcif;rSm tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[m
r[kwfí rygjcif; r[kwf? plV0gygVdawmfü o*Fg,emwifyHk odom½Hk t>rufrQygjcif; jzpfí
rygjcif;om jzpfonf? tbd"r®momru tjcm;aom okwf 0denf;rsm;pGmvnf;
tjynfhtpHkrygacs? plV0grSm rygí bk&m;a[mr[kwf&pwrf;qdkvQif tbd"r®momru
usefaom ygVdawmf(90)&mcdkifEIef;onfvnf; bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k qdk&ef½Sdonf/
odkUaomf þodkYr[kwf? o*Fg,em q&mjrwfwdkUonf tbd"r®mESifhwuG jynfhjynfhpHkpHk
o*Fg,emwifNyD; wm0efcGJa0 oif,lcJhMu\? cufcJeufeJaom Ak'¨tbd"r®mw&m;awmf
,aeUtxd raysmufrysuf wnfwHhvmjcif;onf oifol aqmifol ½SdcJhíom
jzpfaMumif; tvGefxif½Sm;ayonf/
(c) "r®0de,o'´gonf omoemawmf wpf&yfvHk;udk a[monf? "r®o'´gwpfckwnf; yd#u
3-yHkudk a[monf? 0de,o'´gwpfckwnf; yd#u 3-yHkudka[monf? okwåo'´g
(okwåEÅo'´g) vnf; yd#u 3-yHkudk a[monf? olUae&mESifhol ygVda0g[m&rsm;onf
teufrsm; trsKd;rsKd;½Sdonf/
(*) bk&m;½Sifvufxufawmfüyif tbd"r®mw&m; ½SdaeaMumif; 0denf;r[m0gygVdawmfü

tpodkU
]]tbd"ar® 0daewHk}} tbd"r®mw&m;ü qHk;rpdrfhaomiSm[k wdkuf½dkuf txift½Sm; yg½Sdonf/

odkUjzpfaomaMumifh plV0gygVdawmf o*Fg,emcef;ü tbd"r®m[laom a0g[m& tbd"r®mbmPu
rygí tbd"r®m bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k pk'dwuwdkU aumufcsufcsjcif;onf plV0gygVdawmfrSwyg; tjcm;aom
ygVdawmf t|uxmwdkUudk us,fus,fjyefUjyefU rMunfhwwfíom ,ckvdk trSm;udkajymrdMujcif; jzpfayonf/
9/ ,if;odkU omoemawmf\ xHk;enf;Oya' ygVd*wd (ygVdawmf\ taetxm;)udk a½SUaemuf
axmufq a'oujzpfaom ½Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\ As*Fsw¬ (qdkvdkaom teuft"dyÜm,f) udk r0SufruG,f
vnfvnfywfywf odaomÓPf r&½SdygbJvsuf wpfenf;awGUjzifh avGUavGU&rf;&rf; uavmifo&rf;
vQm&rf;Muum Ak'¨bmodw (bk&m;a[m) jzpfygvsuf tAk'¨bmodw (bk&m;a[m r[kwf)[k qdkrdMuvQif
tvGef aMumufzG,faumif;aom trSm;udk vGefusL;&m a&mufí oHo&m0ef BuD;av;vSayonf/
10/ ,cktcg ]]tbd"r®mudk Ak'¨jrwfpGm ra[mcJh}}[kqdkMuaom olwdkU\ vufoHk;
tudk;om"uûyaom pum;rsm;udk pdppfjyOD;tHh/
a,m acg tmeE´ r,m "ar®m p 0dea,m p a'odawm ynawåm? aom 0g rrpöa,e
ow¬m - ('D? 2? 126-7/)
tmeE´m "r®ESifh 0de,udk igbk&m;onf a[mMum;cJh aumif;pGm em;vnfatmif ½Sif;vif;cJhNyD?
igbk&m;vGefawmfrlaomtcg xdk"r®ESifh 0de,onf (oifwdkUudk tjrJrjywf oGefoif>ruf[ enf;vrf;jyaom)
q&mjzpfonf? (q&mtjzpf oGefoifqHk;r enf;vrf;jyayvdrfhrnf/)
þpum;onf Ak'¨jrwfpGm y&dedAÁmef0ifpHawmfrlcgeD; ta&;wBuD; cdkifcdkifvHkvHk cHkwifavmufatmif
rdefUqdkcJhaom pum;awmfjzpfonf? þpum;ü "r®ESifh 0de,udkom awGU&í tbd"r® [laom pum;vHk;udk
rawGU&? xdkUaMumifh Ak'önf tbd"r®mudk ra[mcJhay? þodkU bmomjcm; vlrsKd;jcm; taemufokawoDwdkU
xifjrifMu cH,lMuonf/
11/ þrQru o*Fg,emwif&mtcg oHCmhacgif;aqmif obmywd jzpfawmfrlaom
t½Sifr[muóyonf 500-aom oHCmhtv,fwGif þodkU rdefUawmfrl\-
okPmwk ar tm0kaom oHaCm? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm £rmed
yÍöbdu©Kowmed orÜaEé,s &mZ*a[ 0óH 0oEÅmed "r®Íö0de,Íö o*FgwHk? e tan[d bdu©L[d
&mZ*a[ 0óH 0odwAÁEÅd? {om Úwåd/ (oH 1? 31/)
jrefrmjyef
]]igh½SifwdkU oHCmawmfonf ig\pum;udk em;axmifapcsif\? oHCmawmftm; taMumif;tcGifh
oifhwifhnDñGwfvQif &[ef;ig;&mwdkUonf &mZû*d[fûrdUü 0gqdkvsuf "r®ESifh0de,udk aygif;pk½Gwfum
o*Fg,emwif&ef oHCmawmfrsm;u or®Kwday;apcsifyg\? tjcm;&[ef;rsm;onf &mZû*d[fûrdUü 0gruyf&[k
oHCmawmfrsm;u or®Kwday;apcsifyg\? þum; (ig\) tqdkûycsuf odapcsufwnf;}}
(plV0gyÍöowducEü)

tpodkU
þpum;&yfüvnf; "r®ESifh0de,om ygonf? tbd"r® ryg? tbd"r®m[lonf om0u&[ef;wdkU\

aemufrSxGifaom aemufwdk;vuf&jzpfonf/ yxro*Fg,emwif&müvnf; ryg? 'kwd,o*Fg,em
wif&müvnf; ryg[k Ak'¨0g'Dr[kwfaom taemufwdkif; ordkif;okawoDwdkUu qdkMuonf? xdkbmomjcm;
vlrsKd;jcm; pma&;q&mwdkU\ pum;us aumufenf;twdkif; xdkygVdawmfü ]]"ar®m p 0dea,m p? "r®Íö
0de,Íö}}om ygonf? okwåÍö (0g) okwåEÅÍö[lí rygay? xdkUaMumifh okwåefudkvnf; bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k
qdk&rvdk ½Sdayonf? tbd"r®[laom pum;vHk;rygí bk&m;a[m r[kwf[kqdkaom pum; toGm;tvmt&
okwå[laom pum;vHk;rygí okwå(okwåef)ygVdawmfrsm;onfvnf; bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k qufqdk&efyif
½Sdayonf? ]]"r®}}udk okwåef[k tb,fhaMumifh aumuf&rnfenf;? ]]"r®}}udk okwåef[kaumufvQif "r®ESifh
tvGefeD;pyfaom tbd"r®mudka&m tb,fhaMumifh raumuf,lEdkif rxnfhoGif;EdkifbJ ae&ygrnfenf;? þum;
olYpum;ESihfol jyefí oHk;oyfjycsufaywnf;/
12/ trSefum; a½SUpmrsufESmrsm;ü qdkcJhonfhtwdkif; "r®o'´gonf bk&m;pum;awmf [lorQ
(yd#u 3-yHkvHk;)udka[m\? þü ,if;ESifh wGJzufjzpfaom 0de,o'´g\ 0denf;yd#u[laom teufudk
csefvSyfí <uif;aom yd#u 2-yHk[laom teufudk a[monf/ (teufwk) pum; 2-vHk; 3-vHk;wGJí oHk;vQif
aemufpum;vHk;\ teufudk csefvSyfí a½SUpum;vHk;\ teufudk azmfxkwf&jrJ jzpfonf/ Oyrm-oa'0wH
orm&uH [laom ygVdawmfü a'0o'´gonf ewfjynf 6-xyfvHk;½Sd ewftrsm;udk a[mEdkifaomfvnf;
aemufü wGJ,SOfvsuf½Sdaom rm&o'´g\ teufjzpfonfh 0o0wåDewfjynf½Sd ewfwdkUudk csefvSyfí <uif;
ewfjynf 5-xyf½Sd ewfwdkUudkom a'0o'´gt& aumuf,l&awmhouJhodkUvnf;aumif;? "r®m,we "r®"mwk
[laom pum;vHk;rsm;ü "r®o'´gonf edAÁmefESifhwuG y&rw¬w&m;tm;vHk;udk a[mEdkifaomfvnf; pu©m,we
paom tm,we 11? pu©K"mwfpaom "mwf 17-yg;wdkUjzifh pdwf-89? MoVm&du½kyf 12-yg;udk
aumuf,lNyD; jzpfí ,if;wdkUudk csefvSyfum apwoduf 52? okckr½kyf 16? edAÁmefwdkUudkom "r®o'´gt&
aumuf,l&awmhouJhodkUvnf;aumif; jzpfayonf/
aemuf Oyrmwpfck ½IavOD;-
ur®H 0dZÆm p "ar®m p? oDvH ZD0dwrkwårH/
{awe rpöm okZÑEÅd? e a*gawåe "aee 0g/ (oH 1? 13/)
13/ þ o*gxm0*¾ a'0wmoH,kwf aZw0eokwf ygVdawmfü "ar®m [laom ygXfjzifh
avmukwå&mr*¾if 8-yg;vHk; a[mEdkifaomfvnf; 0dZÆm[laom ygXfjzifh or®m'd|dç or®mouFyÜr*¾if[laom
ynmr*¾if 2-yg;udk aumuf,l&ef ½SdaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? oDvH-[laom ygXfjzifh or®m0gpmç
or®mur®EÅç or®mtmZD0 [laom oDvr*¾if 3-yg;udkom aumuf,l&awmhonf/
14/ ,ckqdkcJhNyD;aom aumuf,lenf;udk a*gAvdA'ënf;[lívnf;aumif;? yknÓPorÇm&enf;
[lívnf;aumif; ac:qdk&onf? tenf;i,f½Sif; OD;tHh? ]]*ga0gp AvdAa'¨ p *P,aEÅm tmae[d=
0efaqmifEGm; vm;ESifh tjcm;EGm;wdkYudk a&wGufum ac:,lcJhyg (avmuDyHkpH)[k qdk&mü *ga0g=[laom

tpodkU
pum;vHk;jzifh EGm;tdkç EGm;ysdKç EGm;ydkufç EGm;aygufp txD;tr tm;vHk;udk odrf;csHKí a[mEdkifaomfvnf;

AvdA'¨[laom aemufyk'fjzifh 0efaqmifEGm;vm;udk csefum <uif;aom EGm;rsm;udkom a*go'´gt&
aumuf,l&onf/
15/ þenf;twdkif; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ rkcygXf EIwfxGufpum;awmf [lorQudk &nfñTef;í "ar®m
p 0dea,m p "r®Íö 0de,Íöyk'f 2-yk'fudk awGUavorQ 0de,jzifh 0denf;yd#uudk aumuf,l&aMumif;
odrSwf&ayrnf/
xdkUaMumifh-
£rH "r®0de,EÅd £rH "r®Íö0de,Íö? Ob,arÜwH omoeaó0 emrH? "ar®e a[w¬ a'G
yd#umed 0kwåmed? 0dea,e 0de,yd#uH? £wd wD[d yd#au[d yumodwH y#dywåð t"kem
tm*awmrSDwd 0'wd - (oH? |? 1? 42/)
[lí vnf;aumif;?
£rH "r®0de,H[lonfum; þokwftbd"r®modkUvnf;aumif;? þ0de,odkUvnf;aumif; ,ckrS
a&mufvmol jzpfonf? þ 2-yk'fvHk;onf omoemawmf\ trnf jzpf\? rSef\- þwpfyk'fwGif "r®jzifh
yd#u 2-yHkudk 0de,jzifh 0denf;yd#uudk qdktyfonf? þodkU yd#u 3-yHkjzifh jytyfaom tusifhodkU ,ckrS ig
a&mufvmonf[k &[ef;u qdk\/
"ar®mwd okwåmbd"ar® o*FPSmwd? 0dea,mwd ouvH 0de,yd#uH/ y/ ouvO§d Ak'¨0peH
"r®0de,0aoe ‘'k0d"H a[mwd? (om&w¬? #D? 1? 21/)
[lí vnf;aumif;?
"ar®m [laom ygXfjzifh okwftbd"r®mwdkUudk odrf;,l\? 0dea,m [laom ygXfjzifh 0de,yd#u
tvHk;pHk;udk odrf;,l\? rSef\- tvHk;pHkaom bk&m;pum;awmfonf "r®0de,\ tpGrf;jzifh ESpfyg; ½Sd\?
t|uxm #Dumq&mwdkU omoem tpOftvmtwdkif; zGifhqdkjcif; ûyMuayonf/
16/ ,cktcg tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[maMumif; ygVdawmfrsm;ü wdkuf½dkufvmaom
om"upum;&yfwdkUudk xkwfEkwfí jyOD;tHh-
(1) ukovm[H 0dok'¨Dok? uxm0w¬K0dom&'/
tbd"r®e,nL p? 0odyÜwårSd omoae/ (ck? 4? 228/)
jrefrmjyef
wynfhawmfr acrmonf 0dok'¨dw&m;wdkUü vdr®m uRrf;usifygonf? 10-yg;aom uxm0w¬KwdkUü
(tusdK;tjypfudk odaomtm;jzifh) &J&ifhygonf? tbd"r®menf; (jzpfaom blrEÅ& ponf) wdkUudk em;vnf
oabmaygufygonf? odkUjzpfí bk&m;½Sifomoemawmfü tpGrf;xufol tjzpfodkU a&mufcJhygonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / txufyg uxm0w¬K0dom&'g-[laom acrmax&Dty'gefvm pum;&yfü ]]uxm0w¬K}}
udk tbd"r®m 7-usrf;rS 5-ckajrmuf uxm0w¬Kusrf;udk r,l&? uxm0w¬K 10-yg; (uxm=pum;?

tpodkU
0w¬K=wnf&m? pum;wnf&m? pum;jzpfaMumif;) udkom ,l&rnf? taemufwdkif; ordkif;okawoDwdkUum;

þodkUaom teufrQudk rod½SmMuí uxm0w¬K[k toHMum;umrQjzifh tbd"r®m 7-usrf;rS
uxm0w¬Kusrf;yJ[k ,lí xdkty'gefygVdawmfudkyif wwd,oH*g,em aemufydkif;usrS a&;om;aomusrf;
jzpfonf[k rSm;,Gif;pGm pGyfpGJ ajymqdkMuonf/
(2) okwåEÅH tbd"r®Íö? 0de,Íöyd au0vH/
e0*ø Ak'¨0peH? {om "r®obm w0/ (ck? 3? 48/)
okwåefç tbd"r®mESifh 0de,yd#uwpfckvHk;onfvnf;aumif;? t*Fg 9-yg;½Sdaom Ak'¨tqHk;tronf
vnf;aumif; þtvHk;pHkonf oif\ "r®obif jzpfonf/
þpum;um; Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkifu Oygvdax&ftm; rdefUawmfrlaom pum;jzpfonf? þ*gxmü
yd#u 3-yHkudk wdkuf½dkuf >rufqdkxm;awGU&rnf jzpfonf/
(3) £"m0kaom om&dykwå a'G bdu©L tbd"r®uxH uaxEÅd? aw tnrnH yO§d ykpäEÅd?
tnrnó yO§d yk|m 0dóaZÆEÅd? aem p oHoma'EÅd? "r®D p aeoH uxm y0wådeD a[mwd?
{0½laye acg tm0kaom om&dykwå bdu©Kem a*god*Fomv0eH aomab,s/ (r? 1? 275/)
igh½Sif om&dykwå&m þomoemawmfü &[ef; 2-yg;onf tbd"r®mESifh pyfaom w&m;pum;udk
ajyma[maeMuukef\? olwdkUonf tcsif;csif; jyóem ar;Muukef\? jyóem ajzMuukef\? ar;ajz&mü
tcsif;csif;udk rqkwfepfapMuukef? olwdkU\ w&m;aqG;aEG;jcif;onf (aMumif;usdK;,kwåd tjynfh½Sdí)
w&m;ESifhnDpGm tvsOfrjywf jzpf\? Igh½Sif om&dykwå&m þodkUaom &[ef;rsdK;jzifh a*god*F
tifMuif;awmBuD;onf om,mwifhw,f ay&m\/ (rlvyPÖmo r[ma*god*Fokwf? t½Sifarm*¾v’mef\
avQmufxm;csuf? )
(4) yke py&H bdu©a0 b0dóEÅd bdu©L tem*wr'¨geH tbm0wdum,m tbm0dwoDvm
tbm0dw- pdwåm tbm0dwynm? aw tbm0dwum,m ormem tbm0dwoDvm
tbm0dwpdwåm tbm0dwynm tbd"r®uxH a0'v’uxH uaxEÅm uPS"r®H Mouúrrmem
e AkZÑdóEÅd/ (tH? 2? 94/)
&[ef;wdkU wpfzefaemufxyf qdktHh? tem*wfumvü udk,fudk wpfenf; (um,*wmowd) udkvnf;
ryGm;apç oDvudkvnf; rjznfhusifhç orm"dESifh ynmudkvnf; rwdk;yGm;apbJ aeMuaom &[ef;wdkU
½SdMuvdrfhrnf? xdk&[ef;wdkUonf um,*wmowdvnf; r½Sdç oDv orm"d ynm wdk;yGm;atmifvnf;
tm;rxkwfMurlí tbd"r®m pyfaom pum; a0'v’ESifh pyfaompum;udk ajymqdkMuonf½Sdaomf
rnf;eufaom tukodkvfoabmodkU oufa&mufMuum teuft"dyÜm,f rodbJ ½SdMuvdrfhrnf/
(t*Fkwå&rÍöu edygwf wwd, tem*wb,okwf/)
(5) awe acg ye ora,e orÁ[kvm ax&m bdu©L ypämbwåH yd@ygwy#duúEÅm
r@vrmaV oEdéodEém oEédywdwm tbd"r®uxH uaxEÅd? wMw ok'H tm,o®m pdawåm

tpodkU
[w¬dom&dykawåm ax&meH bdu©LeH tbd"r®uxH uaxEÅmeH tEÅ&EÅ&m uxH Moygawwd/

(tH? 2? 344)
xdktcg rsm;pGmaom ax&fwdkUonf qGrf;pm;NyD;aemuf qGrf;pm;&mrS zJcGmMuNyD; wefaqmif;0ef;ü
xdkifum pnf;a0;MuvQuf tbd"r®mpum; ajyma[maeMuavonf? xdktpnf;ta0;ü [w¬dom&dykwå
[lívnf;ac:Muaom t½Sifpdwåonf ax&fBuD;rsm; tbd"r®mpum; ajyma[mMupOf tMum;tMum;ü
pum;0ifa&muf aESmuf,Sufavonf/ (t*Fkwå&yÍöuedygwf [w¬dom&dykwåokwf ygVdawmf/)
txufazmfjyyg ty'gefygVdawmf acrmax&D O'gef;pum;üvnf;aumif;? rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf
r[ma*god*Fokwfüvnf;aumif;? Oygvdax&my'gefüvnf;aumif;? t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf wwd,
tem*wb, okwfüvnf;aumif;? ¤if;t*FkwådK&f ygVdawmf [w¬dom&dykwåokwfüvnf;aumif; tbd"r®me,ç
tbd"r®uxH ponfjzifh tbd"r®moHrsm; tvGefnHaeonfudk awGUEdkifayonf/ þokwfawmfrsm;vm
tbd"r®[laom pum;&yf wdkUonf yd#uoHk;yHkxJrS tbd"r®myd#u (tbd"r®m w&m;jcif;awmif;) udkyif
txift½Sm; ñTefjyaeayonf? þum; okwåefygVdawmfrsm;ü vmaom tbd"r®m\ om"ursm;aywnf;/
xdkUjyif 0de,yd#uygVdawmfrsm;ü vmaom tbd"r®o'´g oufoufudk jyqdkOD;rnf/
(1) temywåd e 0d0aPÖwkumarm ]]£CF wGH okwåaEÅ 0g *gxma,m 0g tbd"r®H 0g
y&d,mykPók? ypäm 0de,H y&d,mykPdóoDwd bPwd? Or®wåuó tm'dur®duómwd/
(0d? 2? 189/)
jrefrmjyef
0denf;udk uJh&JUvdkaom pdwfr½SdbJ ]]oifonf a&S;OD;pGm okwåefygVdawmfrsm;ç *gxmrsm;udk jzpfap?
tbd"r®mudk jzpfap oifESifhyg? aemuftcg 0denf;udk oif&ygvdrfhrnf? þodkUajymvQif tmywfroifh?
½l;oGyfí ajymrdajym&m ajymaom &[ef;ç vufOD; vGefusL; ajymrdaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh/
(0davceodu©myk'f)/
(2) yO§H ykapä,smwd okwåaEÅ MoumoH um&maywGm 0de,H 0g tbd"r®H 0g ykpäwd? tmywåd
ygpdwåd,ó? 0dea, MoumoH um&maywGm okwåEÅH 0g tbd"r®H 0g ykpäwd? tmywåd
ygpdw¬d,ó? tbd"ar® MoumoH um&maywGm okwåEÅH 0g 0de,H 0g ykpäwd? tmywåd
ygpdwåd,ó/ (0d? 2? 460/)
jrefrmjyef
yO§H ykapä,s= [lonfum; okwåefü tcGifhawmif;NyD; 0denf;udk jzpfap tbd"r®mudkjzpfap ar;vQif
ygpdwftmywf oifh\? 0denf;ü tcGifhawmif;NyD; okwåefudkjzpfap tbd"r®mudk jzpfap ar;vQif ygpdwftmywf
oifh\? tbd"r®mü cGifhawmif;NyD; okwåefudk jzpfap 0denf;udk jzpfap ar;vQif ygpdwftmywf oifh\/
(bdu©LeDyO§mykpäe odu©myk'f)
txufyg 0denf;ygVdawmf aumufEkwfcsufrsm;udk MunfhvQif 0de,H 0g tbd"r®H 0g [lí

tpodkU
xifomjrifom pGmawGUMu&ayonf? 0denf;udk rnfolynwfoenf;? a*gwrbk&m; ynwfonf? rnfolrQ

rjiif;Edkif? odkUjzpfvQif xdk0denf;ESifh uyfaeaom tbd"r®mudk rnfola[moenf;? a*gwrbk&m;a[myif
jzpf&ayrnf? rSef\- 0denf;uawmh a*gwrbk&m; ynwfwJh 0denf;yJ? tbd"r®muawmh OyedoQ'fusrf;u
vmwJh twå0g' tbd"r®myg[k pdwfrSefaomol rnfolurQ ajymvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/
þuJhodkU ½dk;½dk;ESifh ½Sif;½Sif; awG;Munfhwuf½HkrQjzifh tbd"r®monf a*gwrbk&m;a[m rkcs{uef
odEdkif rSwfEdkifMuayonf/
owdûy&efum; urÇmYbmomBuD; 4-&yfü Ak'¨bmomonf þ tbd"r®maMumifh tvGef
cdkifrmaeonf? tvGef rsufESmyef;yGifhaeonf? odyÜHynmuyif vdkufí rrDao;? xdkUaMumifh bmomjcm;rsm;
Ak'¨bmom qefUusifa&;orm;wdkUu Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk odu©mcszdkU ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u
êud;pm;vmcJhMuayNyD/
17/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\ aemufvdkufwdkUonf udk,fhÓPfpGrf; udk,fhÓPfpjzifh
Ak'¨w&m;awmfrsm;udk qefUusif ykwfcwfMuonfr[kwf? Ak'¨bmomr[kwfaom bmomjcm; vlrsdK;jcm;
pma&;q&mwdkU\ ESmacgif;jzifh touf½lolrsm; jzpfMu\? ,cktcg pk'dwuwdkU\ tm;udk;&m taemufwdkif;
ordkif;okawoDwdkU\ tqdktcsdKUudk xkwfjypdppf OD;tHh/
(A) The omission of the Abhidhamma only proves that it was not yet known as a separate
Pitaka. At the same time it is unnecessary to suppose that anything like the
Abhidhamma was in existence at the first recital of the Dhamma.
yxroH*g,emü tbd"r®m rygjcif;onf xdkpOfu tbd"r®myd#utaejzifh oD;jcm; r½Sdjcif;udkom

azmf½HkomrubJ ,if; yxroH*g,emü (tbd"r®mtrnfESifhyif r[kwfapumrl) tbd"r®mESifh wlaom
(tbd"r®m oabmudkaqmifaom) wpfpHkwpf&m ½Sdonf[líyif awG;xifzG,f rvdkay/
(E.J.Thomas P.167)
(B) The date of the Pali Abhidhamma is very doubtful and I don’t reject the hypothsris
that it was composed in Ceylon, for the Sinhalese seen to have a special taste for such
literature. But there is no proof of this Sinhalese origin.
jrefrm
ygVdtbd"r®m\acwfonf tvGef raorcsm½Sdonf? ,if;tbd"r®mudk oD[dkVfü
a&;om;cJhonfqdkaom wifjycsufudk uREfkyf rjiif;y,f? ,if;odkU ry,fEdkifonfrSm oD[dkVfom;rsm; þodkU
cufcJeufeJonfh pmayrsm;ü av;pm;jrwfEdk;rI txl;½SdyHk&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ odkUaomf oD[dkVfu
ponf[laom tcsufudk oufaojyp&m r½Sdjzpfonf/ (Hindusim and Buddhism Vol.1 G.Eliot P,292)

tpodkU
(C) Thus neither the Khuddaka Nikaya nor the Abhidhamma receives mention is the
earliest tradition of the first Council and both consequently may be deemed as later
and less suthotitative additions, however ancient.
jrefrm
yxroH*g,em a½S;OD;qHk; tpOftvmü ck'úedum,fa&m tbd"r®myg>rufqdkjcif;rcH&? xdkUaMumifh
,if; ck'úedum,fESifh tbd"r®m 2-rsdK;vHk;onf a&S;yifusapumrl aemufydkif;acwfESifh qdkifí cdkifvHkrI
r½SdvSaom usrf;rsm;[k todtrSwfûy cH&ayrnf/ (J.G.Jenning’s Vedantic Buddhism. Introduction Notes
P.L VII)
(D) No Abhidhamma is mentioned. It is possible that when the account was composed
there was on Abhidhamma not separated as a third Pitaka, but we can be sure that
whatever it was it did not consist of the works now known by that name. However,
other schools hold that the Abhidhamma was recited, and that this was done by
Kassapa himself.
jrefrm
(yxroH*g,emü) tbd"r®mudk rqdkay? yxroH*g,em taMumif;t&mudk a&;om;pDpOfpOftcg
tbd"r®yd#utjzpf cGJrxkwf&ao;aom tbd"r®mum; ½SdEdkifonf? odkUaomf xdktbd"r®m[laom trnfjzifh
,ckodaeMuaom usrf;pmrsm;udk yxroH*g,emü ryg-[k uREfkyfwdkU tcdkiftrm qdkEdkifonf? odkU&mwGif
tjcm;*dkPf;rsm;uvnf; xdkyxroH*g,emwGif tbd"r®mudk oH*g,emwifonf? ,if;udk t½Sifr[muóy
udk,fwdkif ½Gwfqdkonf[k ,lqMuavonf/ (The History of Buddhist thought by E.J. Thomas . P.28)
(i) rpfpf½dkufpfa';Apfum; olr\ "r®o*FPDbmomjyef ed'gef;ü twdtvif; twdtus

qdkxm;onfrSm-
Abhidhamma is not the message of the founder. It is the work of the monkish world
that grew up after him.
tbd"r®mqdkwm Ak'¨0g'udk pwifwnfaxmifol Ak'¨\pum; r[kwf? ol(Ak'¨)\ aemufrS

wdk;wufjyefUum;vmaom om0u&[ef;rsm;\ vuf&m jzpfonf/ (Preface to “A Buddhist manual of
Psycho-Logical Ethice”)

tpodkU
18/ þtqdkrsm;wGif tenf;i,f uGJvGJrI ½Sdapumrl yxroH*g,emü tbd"r®myd#u r½Sdao;-

[laom tqdkum; wlnD\? xl;jcm;onfum; oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPf; tqdk tbd"r®mudk yxroH*g,emü wifí
t½Sifr[muóy udk,fwdkif ½Gwfqdkonf[laom tcsufjzpfonf? (c) trSwfjy a*sm*sftDvDa,mhwf\
tqdkum; a0;uGmvGef;vS\? oD[dkVfuRef;usrS a&;onf[kqdkvQif rdvdEýO§mudkyif todtrSwfûy&m a&muf\?
&,fzG,f aumif;aom tqdkomjzpfayonf/ (aemufü ½Sif;OD;tHh)
txufyg bmomjcm; vlrsdK;jcm;wdkU\ oHk;oyfcsufudk MunfhvQif olwdkU\xifjrifcsuf(0g)
twåaemrwdudkom ajymaeMujcif;jzpfaMumif; odomvSonf? olwdkUonf plV0gygVdawmf yxroH*g,em
rSwfwrf;ü tbd"r®m yd#u tbd"r®bmPu [lí wdkuf½dkuf ryg½Sdonfh tcsufudkudkifNyD; yxroH*g,emü
tbd"r®m ryg[k oJoJrJrJ udkifNyD; ajymaeMujcif; jzpf\/
xdkolwdkU\ aumufcsufum; plV0gygVdawmf oH*g,emcef;ü tbd"r®mudkrjyí tbd"r®m bk&m;a[m
r[kwf[k aumufcsufcsvdkufMujcif; jzpfonf/ þaumufcsuftay: xyfqifhuJNyD; ½dkufpfa';Apfu
bk&m;r½SdrS ol\wynfhawGu a&;xnfhjcif; jzpf\[k uGefUvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
trSefpifppf taemufEdkifiHu Ak'¨bmomudk a&;aom olrsm;onf tbd"r®m\ av;euf
us,fjyefUyHkudk &dyfrdzdkU rqdkxm;bd? 0denf; okwåefudkyif ususee od½Sdolrsm; r[kwfMuay? tbd"r®mESifh
ywfowfí olwdkUcsxm;aom rSwfcsufudk MunfhygOD;? “Valley of dry bones” (½dk;acsmuf *Edkif) BuD;ygwJh?
tbd"r®mynm[m bmrSvnf; em;rvnf? odyfysif;p&maumif;wJhtwGuf Oyrmtm;jzifh t½dk;awG
awmifvdkyHkaewJh awm*EdkifBuD;ESifh wlygonf[k qdkvdkayonf/
q&mESifhwynfh ESpfydkif;½Sdonf? Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;u q&m? aemufacwfay:&[ef;wdkUu wynfhwnf;?
q&monf rsm;aomtm;jzifh wynfhxufawmfjrJwnf;? xdktaemufEdkifiHu aomrwfwdkU tDvDa,mhwfwdkU
*sif;eif;wdkU a';ApfwdkU qdkaom pma&;q&mwdkUonf tbd"r®m,rdkufusrf;ESifh y|mef;usrf;udk ,ckacwf
wdyd#u pmar;yGJ0if t½Sifjrwfrsm;avmuf pepfwus oif,lrdygvQif þodkU xifjrifMurnf r[kwfay/
yxroH*g,mü tbd"r®m ryg[laom tjrifudk olwdkUjrifMuonfrSm tpü qdkcJhovdk
"r®0de,toHk;udk em;rvnfaomaMumifh jzpf\? ,if;odkU em;rvnfjcif;rSmvnf; t|uxmq&mrsm;\
tzGifhudk aocsmpGm rMunfh½I roHk;oyfwwfaMumifh jzpf\? rMunfhjcif;onf t|uxmq&mrsm;udk
rvdkvm;í jzpf\? txifrBuD;ívnf; jzpf\/
t|uxmq&mrsm;tay: taemufEdkifiHom;wdkU txifrBuD;yHkudk ½Iyg? K.E.Neumann au-tD;
EsLref qdkolu t|uxmq&mrsm;udk Ak'¨\ qdkvdk&if; rodem;rvnfMuaom idiotic nitwits evAdef;wHk;rsm;
jzpfMuonf[k wpfcgu qdkzl;avonf? (Buddhist thought in India by Edward Conze p.32)
t|uxmq&mBuD;rsm;udk Ak'¨\ qdkvdk&if;udk rod[k oluqdkojzifh olurS Ak'¨\ qdkvdk&if;udk odonf[k

tpodkU
r½SufraMumuf ajym&ma&mufayonf/
aomrwf 0DvD,H ½dkufpfa';Apfuvnf; Ak'ä[maom opömav;yg;udkyif So-called Four Aryan
Truth ]]t&d,opöm 4-yg;[kqdkaom}} [k ('D? 3? o*Ðwdokwf bmomjyef ed'gef; ESm-198)ü rav;rcefU

a&;cJhzl;onfhjyif t|uxmq&mrsm;\ tpOftvm rSwfwrf;rsm;ç tqdktrdefUrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;
ajymjyxm;\/
The root of that BIRNA which growing up along with the rest of Buddhism went on
sperding so luxuriantly that radually covered up much that was volue in the earlier teaching
and fiually to the downfall in its home in India of the aneient faith.
jrefrm
Ak'¨"r®\ t<uif;tusefrsm;ESifh wGJ,SOfí BuD;yGm;vmcJhaom Ad&Paygif;jrwf\ tjrpfrsm;onf
vGwfvyfxlydef;pGm jyefUESHUvmcJh&um; a½S;a[mif;Ak'¨tqHk;rrsm;wGif wefcdk;BuD;aom tcsuftvuf
trsm;tjym;udk wpfjznf;jznf; zHk;tkyfvmum aemufqHk;ü tdEd´,jynfwGif a½S;a[mif;,HkMunfrI\
usqHk;aysmufuG,fjcif;odkUyif ydkUaqmifcJhayonf}} [k qdkcJhavonf? ('D-2 r[my'geokwf bmomjyefed'gef;
ESm-6) opöm 4-yg;udkyif ayghysufysuf a&;om;azmfjyaom aomrwfpf a';Apf\ ygVdbmomoif,ljcif;onf
Ak'¨bmomudk cszdkU tjrpfu EkwfypfzdkUom oif,lavhvmMujcif;ayavh[k pOf;pm;zG,f jzpfayonf?
opömav;yg;udkrS [movkyfaeuwnf;u Ak'¨"r®bufu ckcHa&;aeaom t|uxmq&mBuD;rsm;udk
ykwfcwfonfrSm rqef;awmhay/
19/ olwdkU\ t,ltq ajymif;vJcJhyHkudkvJ ½Iyg? a½S;a[mif; tdEd´,ordkif;udk a&;ol V.A.Smith
onf ol\ ]]taomu}} [laom pmtkyfwGif 'Dy0HoESifh r[m0Hotqdkudk uJh&JUjypfwifí Ak'ËSifh

*sdef;acgif;aqmif r[m0D&wdkU\ uG,fvGefonfhESpfudk B.C.-487-486 [k tcdkiftrmqdkcJhNyD; aemufrS ]]cg&a0}}
ausmufpmudk awGUjrif&aomtcg 'Dy0HoESifhr[m0HowdkU\ tqdkudk jyefvnfaxmufcHum Ak'ÿ&dedAÁmef
0ifpHonfhESpfudk bDpD-543-[k jyifqifcJh&avonf? þtcsufudk axmuf½Ií taemufEdkifiH
pma&;q&mwdkUonf tvGefta&;&rf;Muonf[k aumufcsuf&\? xdkUjyif olwdkUtodÓPf rus,fjyefUyHk
rESHUpyfyHkudkvnf; odEdkifayao;onf/ (The Early History of India p.50)
Senart aqewfqdkaom ynm½SifBuD;uvnf; taomuausmufpmudk taxmuftxm;ûyí Ak'¨0g'ü

oDvrQom yg0ifaMumif; taomuacwfrQru oD[dkVfü omoemrjyefUyGm;rDESpf 100-ausmftwGif;üvnf;
oDvrQxuf rydkaMumif; Path ac: r*¾if 8-yg; [lonfrSm om0u&[ef;wdkU\ xGifvHk;rsm;om jzpfaMumif;?
edAÁmefqdkwmudkvnf; Ak'¨ ra[maMumif; (Indian Antiquary 2892.P.364-5) ü qdkxm;avonf/ (Early
Buddhism and its origins by Varma p.428)

tpodkU
20/ olwdkUonf vlrsdK;jcm; bmomjcm;rsm;yDyD Ak'üdk vufcH,HkMunfaomolrsm; r[kwf? Ak'¨\

oAÁKñkwÓPfawmfudk r,HkMunfMu? oAÁKñkwÓPfawmfudk &&m&aMumif; yg&rDw&m;wdkUudk r,HkMunfMu?
psmef 0darmu©r*f qdkonfudkvnf; r,HkMunfMu? a*gwrAk'önf vlom;omjzpfí vlvdkaeí
vlvdkajymonf? olawmfpifBuD;wpfa,muf ynm½SifBuD;wpfa,muf tjzpfrQom olwumxuf
xl;jcm;onf[k ,HkMunfvdkMuonf? oAÁñkwÓPfjzifh odjrifí a[mxm;aom ,ckavmuç
wrvGefavmuç ewfjynfç jA[®mjynfç i&Jç Nydwåmqdkonfrsm;udkvnf; r,HkMu? ewfjynf i&Jjynf
ponfygaom tbd"r®mudk r,HkMunfMu? olwdkU ,HkMunfonfum; zefqif;cH&NyD; vljzpfvmrIudkom
,HkMunfonf/ xdkUaMumifh twdwfb0udk r,HkMunf? aoNyD; 0dnmOfb0jzifh urÇmysufatmif apmifh&rnfudk
,HkMunfonf? xdkUaMumifh aemifb0tqufqufudk r,HkMunfMu? Ak'¨bmomw&m;onf olwdkUtzdkU
tvGefqef;aeonf? xdkUaMumifh ordkif;aMumif;t& oufaoxlEdkifaom a½S;a[mif; ausmufpm ponfü
yg½Sdoavmufom (Historical fact) trSefw&m;[k ,lqMuonf/
olwdkUrawGUao;aom rawGUEdkifaom ausmufpmwdkUüygaom w&m;wdkUudkrl olwdkUrodMuawmhacs?
jrefrm Ak'¨0g'D trnfcHaom pifppf ½kyf0g'D OD;Ouú|ESifh pk'dwu or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if yk*¾dKvfwdkUonf
Ak'üsrf;pmrsm; txl;tm;jzifh Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk pepfwus vHkvHkavmufavmuf avhvmrI tvsOf;r½SdbJ
taemufpmayrsm;udkom tcsdef½Sdoa½GU avhvmtxifBuD;vGef;MuNyD; xdkbmomjcm;vlrsdK;wdkU\
oHa,mifvdkufum t"r®0g'awGudkom a&;om;jzefUa0Mu a[majymMu? omoemh0efxrf;
&[ef;awmfaumif;awGudkyg odrf;usHK; ykwfcwfaeMuayonf? ,if;wdkUtm;vnf; trSefw&m;
tvif;a&mifudkay;&ef tjcm;rodem;rvnfaom olrsm;tm;vnf; vlaovljzpf 0g'ab;tEÅ&m,frS
u,fwif&ef 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf usrf;tapmifapmifrS xkwfEkwfwifjy qHk;jzwfcsrSwfjcif;
ûy&ayonf/
21/ xdkUjyif Ak'¨"r®udk eufeJpGm oif,lavhvmí tbd"r®mudk tav;teuf cH,lxm;aom
taemufEdkifiHom; tjcm;ynm½Sifrsm;url Ak'¨tbd"r®mESifh pyfí b,fvdka&;om;cJhonfudk qufvufí
azmfjyOD;tHh? "r®o*FPD tbd"r®ygVdawmfBuD;udk *smreDvlrsdK; bdu©KÓPwdavmuonf
*smrefbmomjyefqdkcJh&m ed'gef;udk tawmfjynfhpHkpGm okawoeoabmw&m;rsm; n§yfía&;om;cJhonf?
,if;ed'gef;udk wynfhjzpfol ÓPaygPdu u t*Fvdyf bmomjzifh jyefqdkum Abhidhamma Studies
(tbd"r®mavhvmcsufrsm;) [laom pmtkyfudk a&;cJhonf? xdkpmtkyf zóyÍöru (The Pentad of Sense
Inperssion) [laom tcef;ü tbd"r®monf Ak'¨ñTefjyaom vrf;p (rmwdum) jzifh xdkxdk okwåef (Oyrm-
rZÑdredum,f Oy&dyPÖmo tEky'okwf ponf) ü a[mawmfrlaom "r®tpkwdkUudk tpDtpOfusatmif
pepfwuspDpOfí t½Sifom&dykwå&m oifjyxm;aom csydkUpOf jzpfonf[lí a&;om;ayonf/
qufvufí ÓPaygPdu u ol\ tbd"r®mavhvmcsufrsm; pmtkyf ESm-25-ü þodkU

tpodkU
a&;om;xm;\/
“The Anupada Sutta showe that an elaboration of thdoctrine in the manner of the
Abhidhamma was under taken at the Master’s Life time, by analytically and Philosophically gifted
disciples. This development was experessly encouraged by the Buddha when, in that Discourse he
mentioned and highly praised Sariputta’s fourtnight of analytical onguiry 2.”
jrefrm
y'0dbm* (tu©&m yk'fAsnf;wdkUudk cGJpdwfa0zef ydkif;jcm;jcif;) tw¬0dbm* (teuft"dyÜg,fudk
tpDtpOfwus a0zefuefUowfydkif;jcm;jcif;) t&mü tvGefawmfMuaom wynfhrsm;onf
Ak'¨vufxufawmfuyif tbd"r®m yHkoP²meftoGifjzifh ]]"r®}} rsm;udk tao;pdwf pDpOfcJhMuonf qdkonfudk
tEky'okwfu azmfjyaeayonf? þtEky'okwfü t½Sifom&dykwå&m\ 2-yu©twGif; tEky'0dyóem
(tpdwftpdwf cGJjcm;oHk;oyfEdkifjcif;)udk txl;>rufqdk csD;usL;awmfrlpOf Ak'önf þodkU tbd"r®mtoGif
jrifhrm;wdk;wufjcif;udk odompGm tm;ay; awmfrlavonf/ (Abhidhamma Studies by Nyanaponika p.25)
tbd"r®mudk omrefvlwdkUtm; Ak'önf a[m>rufjcif; rûyay? cufcJeufeJaom t"dyÜm,frsm;udk
a[majymaejcif;jzifh tcsdefrukefapbJ okPEÅyk*¾dKvf (w&m;emyk*¾dKvf)wdkUtm; ,if;wdkU\
vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tajccHusaom vufawGUusifhoHk;zG,f w&m;rsm;udk a[mawmfrlonf? ,if;"r®wdkUudk
r[m0*¾oH,kwfüvmaom aomwmywådoH,kwf opöoH,kwf paom okwåefwdkUü Ak'¨jrwfpGm txyfxyf
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf? tdrfaeolvlom;wdkUtm; rqdkxm;bd? omoemawmfwGif;odkU0ifí wpfudk,fwnf;
usifhvdkMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm;yif tbd"r®mw&m;awmfBuD;udk a[mMum;awmfrrlbJ ,if;wdkUESifh
oifhawmfaom ur®|mef;tvkyfw&m;rsm;udkom a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
vlenf;pkom vufcHodrf;ydkufEdkif em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifaom tbd"r®mudk xufjrufpl;½Saom
ÓPf½Sdaom ½Sifom&dykwå&m ½Sifr[maum|du ½Sifr[mupöme paom ax&fBuD;rsm;tm; tus,f½Sif;vif;
a0zefap&ef wm0efay;aomtm;jzifh &[ef;y&dowftv,fwGif tusOf;t>rufrQom a[mí ae&mrSxum
<uoGm;awfrlavonf? w&m;em &[ef;y&dowfwdkUonf bk&m;½Sif\ tusOf;oacFyuxmudk em;rvnfMuí
½Sifom&dykwå&mxH csOf;uyfrSwfom; tus,ftm;jzifh em;vnfMu&ayonf? xdkUaMumifh &[ef;rsm;
tm;udk;,HkMunfpGm ½Sifom&dykwå&mxH csOf;uyfem,lEdkifMuap&ef-
om&dykawåm bdu©a0 wxm*awe tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH or®a'0 tEky0awåwd
(r? 3? 79/)
&[ef;wdkU igbk&m; vnfapawmfrlaom (a[mawmfrlcJhaom) tjrwfqHk;w&m;pufudk
om&dykwå&monf igbk&m;enf;wl vnfapjcif; (a[majymjcif;) iSm pGrf;Edkifayonf [lívnf;aumif;/
]]&[ef;wdkU jzLpifjrifhjrwfaom oDvç orm"dç ynmESifh 0drkwådt&mü xdyfwef;a&muf
pGrf;aqmifEdkifol[k qdkvQif om&dykwå&mudk &nf½G,fí ajymrS rSefrnf}} [lívnf;aumif;/

tpodkU
]]igbk&m;\ twGif;ESvHk;"mwfudk em;vnfaomaMumifh &ifrSaygufzGm;olç EIwfxGufpum;awmfudk

em;vnfaomaMumifh EIwfawmfrS aygufzGm;olç "r®aMumifhjzpfí "r®u zefwD;tyfaomolç "r®tarGudkom
cH,lí tmrdotarGudk rcH,laomol-[líqdkvQif om&dykwå&mudk &nf½G,fíajymrS rSefrnf}} [lívnfaumif;
Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf cHwGif;rqefU csD;usL;awmfrlcJhavonf/ (rZÑdredum,f? Oy&dyPÖmo tEky'okwf)
xdkjyif ÓPaygPdu u qufvufí qdkjyefonfrSm-
It is therefore quite probable that the Buddha transmitted the gist of his Abhidhammic
knowledge to such individual monks whom he knew to be capable of elaborating and applying the
briefly indicated by their own penetrative intellect e.g in the case of Sariputta.
jrefrm
xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf tbd"r®mqdkif&m todÓPfESifhpyfí tusOf;t>rufrQuav;udk
½Sifom&dykwå&muJhodkU tus,fcGJa0 a[majymEdkifrnfholç ûcHí jyvdkufaom enf;udk rdrdwdkU *rÇD&ÓPfjzifh
toHk;ûyEdkifrnfhol[k ,HkMunfcJholwdkUtm; vTJajymif; vufurf;awmfrlcJhonf? þtcsufonf
tvGefjzpfEdkifonfh tcsuf jzpfonf/ (Abhidhamma Studies by Nyanaponika p.24-25)
txufyg *smrefvlrsdK; bdu©KÓPwdavmu? ÓPaygPdu wdkU\ a&;om;csufrsm;udk csifhcsdef

zwf½IMunfhvQif tb,frQ ynmom;ygyg oHk;oyfa&;xm;onfudk awGUEdkifayonf? pmzwfoufwrf;
&ifholrSeforQ csifhwGufí&onf? aomrwfpfa';ApfuJhodkU udk,fvdk&m qGJí oHk;oyfxm;csufrsdK; r[kwf?
ausmufpmwpfcsyf MunfhNyD; Ak'¨bmomwpf&yfvHk;udk qHk;jzwfxm;csufrsdK;r[kwf? yd#uoHk;yHkudk ususee
oif,lavhvmNyD;rS wm0ef½Sd½Sd a&;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; odEdkifayonf? urÇmynmausmfwdkU\ tqdkum;
tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[monf[laom trSefw&m; jzpfayownf;/
22/ P.T.S ygVdtoif; (vef'ef) twGif;a&;rª; jzpfcJhaom uG,fvGefol Mr.Lggleden
rpöwmtpf*av'ifqdkol tbd"r®mpaumvm;u ol\ Introductory Notes on the Abhidhammatthasangaha

ü atmufygtwdkif; a&;xm;\/
taemufokawoDwdkUonf a½S;tcgu ajymcJha&;cJhMuovdk tbd"r®monf tjcm;yd#ursm;xuf
aemufusrS ay:vmonf? Ak'ÿ&dedAÁmef0ifpHNyD;aemuf &mpkESpfrsm; vGefNyD;rS om0u&[ef;rsm;\ xGifrIjzifh
wdk;wufvmonf? cefUrSef;ajctm;jzifh taomurif;vufxuf bDpD-250-cefUwGif tawmfjynfhpHkNyD;
jzpfyHk&aom Ak'¨\ "r®o*FPD rmwdumay:wGif wnfaqmufxm;aom usrf;pmrsm;[k ,lqxm;Muonf?
odkU&mwGif oHCmhavmuwGif wnf½Sdaeaom a½S;tpOftvm tjrift& Ak'¨tjzpf a&mufawmfrlNyD;
pwkw¬owåm[wGif emrfESifh½kyf y&rwftxyftvTm wpfckvHk;udk jzpfEdkiforQ tao;pdwfí
½IjrifoHk;oyfawmfrl&mrS tbd"r®m[lonf ay:aygufvmcJhonf? ,if;udk reom00w¬mydwa'oem The initial
tpodkU
Conecption in the Master’s mind [k ac:onf? ,if;aemuf tbd"r®m oiftHavhusuf aqmif½Gufaom

oludk w&m;ra[mapumrl "r®uxdu ac:a0:cJhMuonf? þrQ BuD;us,frsm;jym;í a½SUaemuf(qefUusifjcif;
r&Sd) tpOfajyjypfaom usrf;pmonf Ak'¨\ ÓPfawmfrSwyg; tjcm;olwdkU\t&m r[kwfEdkif “Abhidhamma
is the domain Proper of the Buddha”.

tpf*av'ifonf rpöpf½dkufa';ApfwdkU r½SdaomtcgrS vef'ef ygVdtoif;BuD;\ twGif;a&;rª;
jzpfvmolaywnf;? ,cifOuú| a';Apfu tbd"r®m bk&m;a[m r[kwf? aemufay:[k qdkoGm;\? tck
twGif;a&;rª; tpf*av'ifu 'DavmufBuD;us,frsm;jym;NyD; a½SUaemuftqifajyvSaom usrf;BuD;onf
bk&m;ÓPfrSwyg; tjcm;ol\vuf&m rjzpfEdkifyHkudk ydkifydkifBuD; qdkxm;\? (0g) tbd"r®monf bk&m;a[m
tppfyg[k qdk\/
a';Apfu plV0gygVd oH*g,emtcef;ü tbd"r®m[koD;jcm;trnfwyfí oH*g,em rwifonfudk
uyfNyD; bk&m;a[m r[kwf? aemufay:[k ajym\? tpf*av'ifu ]]'Davmuf BuD;rm;us,fjyefU tqifajy}}
[laom 0daooeBuD;rsm;jzifh *kPfûyum bk&m;a[mtppf[k qHk;jzwf\? þESpfOD;om; pum;wGif
a';Apfonf tbd"r®m usrf;om;udk rEdIufMunfhbJ twdrfteuf rodbJ tjyifu MunfhNyD;
ajymjcif;jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ae\? tpf*av'ifrSmrl tbd"r®mudk avhvmMunfhNyD;rS BuD;us,fvScsnfhvm;?
rsm;jym;vScsnfhvm;? 'DavmufBuD;us,frsm;jym;ayrJh a½SUaemuf nDñGwftqifajyvScsnfhvm;[k
twGif;om;odkU 0ifMunfhNyD;rS tbd"r®mudk bk&m;rSwyg; tjcm;rnfolrQ ra[mEdkif[k obm0udk udkifNyD;
rSwfcsufcsjcif; jzpfayonf/
OD;Ouú|wdkU vlpkum; Ak'¨bmomudk zsufqD;&atmif êud;pm;aeaom ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfMuí a';ApfwdkU
aemufodkU vdkufMu\? ÓPwdavmuwdkU tpf*av'ifwdkUESifhum; rwJhMuacs/
23/ ,cktcg pk'dwuwdkU\ taMumif;jycsufrsm;jzpfaom bmPu pm&if;wGif rawGU&jcif;ç
t|uxmrsm;ESifh a½S;a[mif;ausmufpmrsm;wGif tbd"r®bmPu[lí rawGU&jcif;aMumifh tbd"r®m
bk&m;a[mr[kwf qdkonfudk pdppfjyOD;tHh-
okr*Fv0dvmodeDrnfaom 'DCedum,f oDvu©E¨0*f t|uxm-ESm 15? 16-wdkUü
yxroH*g,emtNyD; t½Sifr[muóyax&fu t½SiftmeE´mtm; 'DCedum,fudk? t½Sifom&dykwå&m\
wynfhrsm;tm; rZÑdredum,fudk? t½Sifr[muóytm; oH,kwåedum,fudk? t½SiftEk½k'¨gax&ftm;
t*Fkwå&edum,fudk ydkUcsapmifha½Smuf&ef vTJtyfaMumif; qdkonf/
0denf;yd#uudk t½SifOygvdtm; vGJtyfaMumif;qdkí tbd"r®myd#uudk Zmwfç eda'óç y#dorÇd'gr*fç
ty'gefç okwåedygwfç ck'úygXç "r®y'ç O'gef;ç £wd0kwfç 0drme0w¬Kç ayw0w¬Kç ax&*gxmç ax&D*gxm
[laom þusrf;i,f 13-usrf;ESifhtwl ck'ú*E¦trnfay;í oH*g,emwifaMumif;udkqdkonf? þum;
'DCbmPuax&fwdkU\ tpOftvm rSwfom;csuft& jzpfonf? rZÑdrbmPuwdkU\ trSwftom;t&um;
p&d,myd#u Ak'¨0Hoyg xnfhoGif;í aygif; 15-usrf;udk ck'ú*E¦trnfjzifh okwåEÅyd#utjzpf
oH*g,emwifcJh Muonf[k qdkonf? þrSwfom;csuft& tbd"r®myd#u u wjcm; usefusrf;i,f 15-
tpodkU
usrf;u wjcm; jzpfonf[k qdkvdkonf? (pk'dwu OD;qE´"du qdkouJhodkY tbd"r®m 20-usrf; jzpfonf[k
qdkvdkonf r[kwfay) odkU&mwGif þ ck'ú*E¦ 15-usrf;udkvnf;aumif tbd"r®myd#uudkvnf;aumif;
rnfolUtm; pOfqufrjywf csydkUaqmif½Guf&ef wm0efay;onf[k þokr*Fv0dvmodeDt|uxmu rqdkacs/
þodkU rqdkaomaMumifh ck'úedum,f[lí yxroH*g,emü r½Sd? tbd"r®m yd#u[lívnf;
r½Sdao;[k taemufwdkif; okawoDwdkUu qdkMu\? aemufvdkufjzpfaom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJU0ifwdkUuvnf; oHa,mifvdkufí qdkMu\/
24/ xdktqdkudk pdppfMunfhOD;tHh? okr*Fv0dvmodeD rnfaom 'DCedum,f t|uxm
jA[®ZmvokwftzGifh ed'gef;ü rqdk½HkrQjzifh tbd"r®mbk&m;a[m r[kwf[k qdk&tHhavm? tjcm;ae&m
tjcm;okwfwdkUü zGifhqdkxm;onfudk tb,fhaMumifh vspfvsL½IMuoenf;? t*Fkwå&edum,f wdu 'kwd,
ygyPduokwfü þodkU a[mawmf rlxm;\/
]]£" bdu©a0 bdu©K a, aw bdu©L A[kókwm tm*wm *rm "r®"&m 0de,"&m
rmwdum"&m? aw umave umvH OyouFrdwGm y&dykpäwd y&dyO§wd}} (tH? 1? 155/)
&[ef;wdkU yd#u 3-yHkudk rsm;pGm Mum;emrSwfom;NyD;aomç edum,fudkaqmifukefç yd#u 3-yHkudk
aqmifukefç 0denf;udk aqmifukefç rmwdumudk aqmifukefaom &[ef;wdkUonf ½Sdukef\? þ&[ef;onf
&Hcg&Hcg xdkA[kokw &[ef;wdkUodkU csOf;uyfí ar;jref;pHkprf;\/
þt*FkwådK&fygVdawmfü tm*wm*rm [laom ygXfjzifh edum,f 5-rsdK;wGif wpfrsdK;rsdK;udkaomf
vnf;aumif; ESpfrsdK; oHk;rsdK;udkvnf;aumif; ig;rsdK;vHk;udkvnf;aumif; aqmifolwdkUudk taotcsm
azmfjyxm;\? þtcsufudk bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkudk odaom t|uxmq&mBuD;u þodkU zGifhjyxm;\/
tm*wm*rmwd {aum eduma,m {aum tm*arm emr? a'G edum,m a'G tm*rm emr?
yÍö edum,m yÍö tm*rm emr? {awok tm*arok a,oH {aumyd tm*arm tm*awm y*kaPm
y0wådawm? Aw tm*wm*rm emr/ (tH |? 1? 87/)
jrefrmjyef
tm*wm*rm [lonfum; edum,fwpfusrf;onf tm*rwpfck rnf\? edum,f 2-usrf;onf
tm*r 2-ck rnf\? edum,f 5-usrf;onf tm*rm 5-ck rnf\? þtm*rxJrS tm*rwpfckckudk
EIwfwuf½G½G aqmifxm;aomolonf tm*wm*r rnf\/
rSwfcsuf/ / tm*r[laom pum;vHk;udk ajrmufydkif; Ak'¨0g'DwdkUu ouúwbmomjzifh a&;om;&mü
oHk;pGJMuonf? ax&0g' ygVdusrf;*efrsm;üum; edum,ç tm*r-[laom pum; 2-rsdK;vHk;udkyif
edum,ftjzpf toHk;ûyMuonf? "r®"&m [l&mü "r®t& yd#u 3-yHkudk aumuf,l&rnf[k ('D? r[m0*¾|?
146) ü qdk\? wpfzef okwåEÅyd#uudk aumuf,l&rnf[k t*Fkwå& edum,f wdu-'k ygyPduokwf
t|uxm (ESm-89) ü qdk\? 0dok'¨dr*f r[m#Dumq&m t½Sif"r®ygvu okwåmbdocFgwó "r®ó
"m&aPe "r®"&m- [k edum,fBuD; 4-rsdK;rS <uif;aomç ck'úedum,fü tusHK;0ifaom okwfESifh

tpodkU
tbd"r®mudk "r®t& aumuf,l&rnf[k qdk\/ (yx0D uodPtzGifh ESm-141)

þt|txm #Dumrsm;tqdkudk ûcHí,laomf edum,faqmifrsm;udk 'DCbmPuç rZÑdrbmPuç
oH,kwåbmPuç t*Fkwå&bmPu[lí toD;toD; wpfpkwpfzGJUpD rqdkbJ tm;vHk; ygatmif tm*wm*rm
[lí bk&m;½Sifudk,fwdkif a[mawmfrl\? "r®"&m[laom ygXfjzifh <uif;aom ck'úedum,faqmifç
tbd"r®maqmif (tmbd"r®du) yk*¾dKvfwdkUudk a[mawmfrl\? rmwdum"&m-[laom ygXfjzifh 0de,tusOf;
ygwdarmufudk aqmifol tbd"r®mtusOf; rmwdumudk aqmifolwdkUudk a[mawmfrl\? þodkUvQif
þygyPduokwfawmfü yd#uoHk;yHkaqmif edum,faqmif ck'úedum,faqmif tbd"r®maqmifwdkUudk
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif &nfñTef; rdefU[awmfrlcJhyHkudk taotcsm rSwf,l&ayonf? taemufwdkif;
okawoDqdkaom bmomjcm; vlrsdK;jcm; q&mwdkUonfum; vdk&m,l rvdk&mcsefí a0zefMujcif;jzpfaMumif;
xif½Sm;ayonf/
25/ wpfzef pmayordkif; ½Iaxmifhjzifh oHk;oyf&aomf bDpD 125- rS 95 txd tdE´d,jynf
tif'yfpf (Indus) e,fjcm;wpfavQmuf tkyfpdk;oGm;aom *&dwfbk&if areE´&fac: rdvdE´rif;BuD;onf
omoemawmfudk Munfñdkav;pm;í r½Sif;rvif;aom Ak'¨"r®a&;&m ar;cGef;tajrmuftjrm;udk
ar;avQmufcJhzl;onf? xdktcg yd#uwft&m uRrf;usifí EIwfa&;<u,f<u,f ÓPfBuD;us,faom
t½Sifem*odefonf tar;[lorQ oabmusatmif ajzqdkcJhonf? xdk taMumif;t&m tm;vHk;udk
rSwfwrf;wifcJhaom usrf;pmudk rdvdEýO§m[k ac:onf? t½SifAk'äCmouJhodkUaom ax&0g'D
t|uxm#Dumq&mwdkUonf tcGifhêuHwdkif; rdvdEýO§mvm pum;rsm;udk av;av;pm;pm; udk;um;í
zGifhqdkoGm;Muonf/ ,if; rdvdEýO§mü-
(u) awe acg ye ora,e tm,o®m em*aoaem orP*P y&d0kawm 0deDawm
0dom&a'g aw yd#aum a0'*l / y/ om0ve*&H tEkyÜawåm a[mwd/
(ck? 11? 19/)
xdktcg &[ef;taygif; jcH&Hvsuf odrfarGU,Ofaus;í &J&ifhawmfrlNyD; yd#u 3-yHkaqmif
pwkopöÓPfjzifh vrf;qHk;a&muf aygufajrmufNyD;ol t½Sifem*aoeonf om*vûrdUodkU
a&mufvmavonf[lí vnf;aumif;-
(c) aw p awyd#um bdu©L? yÍö aeum,dumyd p/
pwk aeum,dum ap0? em*aoeH yka&u©½Hk/ (ck? 11? 20/)
(,if; rdvdEýO§m)
yd#u 3-yHkaqmif &[ef;awmfrsm;ç edum,f 5-yHkaqmif &[ef;awmfrsm;ç edum,f 4-yHkaqmif
&[ef;awmfrsm;onf em*aoeax&fudk a½SUoGm;ûyawmfrlMuukef\ [lívnf;aumif;? yd#u 3-yHkaqmifç
edum,f 5-&yfaqmifç edum,f 4-&yfaqmif [laom pum;vHk;rsm; txift½Sm; awGU&\/
26/ þrQru rdvdEýO§mü þodkU qdkxm;\/

tpodkU
]]b*0awm acg r[m&mZ "r®e*a& {0½lyg Zem y#d0oEÅd okwåEÅdum a0e,dum

tmbd"r®dum "r®uxdum ZmwubmPum 'DCbmPwm rZÑdrbmPum oH,kwåbmPum
t*Fkwå&bmPum ck'úbmPum}} (ck? 11? 324/) ponf-
jrefrmjyef
rif;jrwf Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ w&m;ûrdUawmfü okwåefaqmifç 0denf;aqmifç tbd"r®maqmifç
tbd"r®mw&m;udk a[majymolç Zmwuudk aqmifol 'DCbmPu('DCedum,faqmif)ç rZÑdrbmPuç
oH,kwåbmPuç t*Fkwå&bmPuç ck'úbmPu(ck'úedum,faqmif)? þodkU oabm½Sdaom ûrdUawmfol
ûrdUawmfom;wdkU aeMuygukef\/
þygVdawmfü ck'úaqmifç tbd"r®maqmif[laom pum;vHk;rsm; twdtvif; qdkxm;í
yxroH*g,emwifNyD;csdefrS tqufrjywf aqmifvmMuaom tpOftvm rkcs½SdcJhayonf? c&pfray:rDESifh
ay:NyD;p &mpkESpfOD; (bk½Sm;&Sif y&dedAÁmefpHNyD; ESpf 500-cefY) ü xif½Sm;cJhaom rdvdEýO§mü tmbd"r®du
[lívnf;aumif;ç ck'úbmPu[lívnf;aumif; yg½SdcJhvsuf at'D 500-&mpk (rdvdEýO§maemuf
ESpfig;&mcefU)ü a&;om;pD&ifaom t½SifAk'äCmo\ okr*Fv0dvmodeDt|txmü rygonfrSm
taMumif;½Sd&rnf? taMumif;um; ½Snf½Snfa0;a0; ½SmaezG,f rvdk? Ak'¨vufxufawmfrSpí
t½Sifom&dykwå&m\ wynfhrsm;onf tbd"r®mudk tjrJavhvm csydkUaeojzifh vGefpGmxif½Sm;
todrsm;aeaomaMumifh jzpf&ayrnf? xdkUaMumifh txl;wvnf tbd"r®mudk wm0efvTJaep&m rvdk/
aemufwpfaMumif;rSmvnf; ]]ZmwubmPum}} [lí rdvdEýO§mü t>rufazmfjyxm;ouJhodkU
"r®y'bmPuç O'gebmPuç £wd0kwåbmPu ponfwdkUvnf; {uef ½Sd&rnf? qdkvdkonfrSm
ck'úedum,fü yg0ifaom usrf;pmrsm;onf ½Snfvsm; rsm;jym;vSonf r[kwf? wpfyg;pD wpfOD;pDcGJí
aqmifMuvQif *gxm 300? 400 rQavmufom ½SdaomaMumifh pum;vkyfí ajymp&myif r½Sdacs? wdkawmif;í
aqmifvG,f rSwfvG,faomaMumifh aqmifolvnf; aygrsm;cJhayvdrfhrnf? xdkUaMumifh ck'úedum,fudk
b,folUtm; wm0efay;cJhonf[k qdkzG,f rvdkawmhí ½SifAk'äCmoonf okr*Fv0dvmodeDü
ck'úbmPu- [lí rqdkbJ csefcJh[ef ½Sdayonf/
okr*Fv0dvmodeDt|uxmpum;udk taoudkifvsuf tbd"r®momru usefck'úedum,fwpfckvHk;
bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k qdk&ef½Sdonf? odkUaomf ck'úedum,fwpfckvHk; bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k qdkvQif
&,fzG,fom jzpfrnf? xdkUaMumifh tbd"r®mwpfckwnf;udk uGufNyD; xdk;ESufcsufonf vHk;0 obm0 rusay/
27/(u) þü qdkzG,f ½Sdao;\? E.J Thomas qdkolu ol\ The History of Buddhist Thought
]]Ak'¨"r®ordkif;}} [laom pmtkyfü t½Sifom&dykwå&monf ol\ wynfh 500-wdkUtm;

tbd"r®mudk ydkUcscJhonf[laom t½SifAk'äCmo\ tqdkudk jyuf&,fûyonfhyrm
rZÑdredum,fudk t½Sifom&dykwå&m\ wynfhrsm;tm; wm0efvTJcJhonf[laom pum;udk
tav;teufxm; trSeftm;jzifh rSwf,lygvQif tbd"r®mudk olwdkU avhvm

tpodkU
aqmif½Gufonf[laom pum;onf tajctjrpf r½Sd[k qdkvdk[efjzifh oHo,udk rodrom

oGif;cJhavonf/
(c) onfomru "r®b@m*g&du (w&m;b@mpdk;BuD;) [k *kPfûycsD;usL;jcif;cH&avmufatmif
Ak'ÿg0persm;udk tvHk;pHk&½Sd aqmif½Gufol t&SiftmeE´mtm; 'DCedum,fudk wm0efvTJonf
[lonfrSmvnf; oHo,½SdzG,f aumif;onf[k oHo,oHESifh ol\ xifjrifcsufudk
a&;om;xm;onfudk awGU&\/
(*) or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ acsycsufüvnf; odkUuavmufBuD;us,f xif½Sm;onfh
tbd"r®mBuD;udk ao;i,faom ck'úedum,fü xnfhoGif;xm;onfrSm tvGef &ifemzG,f&m
aumif;vSonf[k qdkxm;\/
þtqdk þoHo,wdkUum; ax&0g' tpOftvmudk vHk;pHkaphiS rodMuívnf;aumif; Bius or
Prejudice ac:aom ordkif;q&mwdkU\ bufvdkufrIaMumifhaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfwef&m\? igwdkU\

jrefrm&mZ0ifudk yHkysufyef;ysufjzpfatmif a&;om;oGm;Muaom t*Fvdyfordkif;q&mrsm;ç tdE´d,&mZ0ifESifh
pmayordkif;udk tay:pD;jzifh tEdkifusifh a&;om;oGm;Muaom udkvdkeDacwf Adkvfocif ordkif;q&mrsm;\
tMuHyufpuf trSm;teufrsm;udk aemufay:wdkif;&if;om; a'ocH ynm½SifwdkUu xkwfazmfwifjyNyD;
trSefodkUjyefa&mufatmif renf;BuD; êud;pm;aeMu&onf r[kwfygavm? odkUjzpfí tbd"r®mESifh ywfowfí
olwdkUoGif;cJhaom oHo,tyif;vHk;udk csEdkif&ef trSefudk þodkU em;vnfMuapvdkonf? wpfcsufpD ½Sif;jytHh/
(u) t½Sifom&dykwå&m\ wynfhrsm;onf xufjrufpl;&Saom ÓPfy#dbmef½Sdonfh yg&rD
orÇm&½Sifrsm; jzpfMuí tbd"r®mudk xufatmufjyefvSef tzefzefydkUcs EIwfvGwf&Muonf?
Ak'¨tbd"r®m a[mNyD;onfh ckESpf0gajrmuf *-0g ta&mufavmufrS pí tbd"r®m
wwfajrmufcJhMuonf? Ak'ÿ&dedAÁmefrpHrD 37-ESpfeD;yg;avmuf tbd"r®mudk aqmifcJhMuonf?
xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf rZÑdredum,fudk wm0efay;vQifvnf; 0efrav;MubJ tvG,fuav;
aqmifxm;Edkifaom ÓPAv ½SdMuolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh t½Sifr[muóy
trª;½Sdaom yxr oH*g,emwif ax&ft½Sifrsm;u xdkt½Sifom&dykwå&m\ wynfhrsm;tm;
tbd"r®mqefvSaom rZÑdredum,fudk wm0efay;Muonf? þ Buddhist Tradition
tpOftvmBuD;rSm tvGef cdkifvHkaom rSwfwrf;BuD;wpfqlozG,f jzpfonf? bmrQ

awG;awm,HkrSm;aezG,f oHo,jzpfzG,f r½Sday/
(c) "r®b@m*g&du w&m;b@mpdk;BuD; t½SiftmeE´mtm; 'DCedum,fudk
wm0efay;awmfrlonfrSmvnf; bmrsm; qefUusifygoenf;? t½SiftmeE´m yd#u 3-yHk
aqmifEdkifapumç wpfenf;qdk&vQif t½SiftmeE´monf yd#u awmtkyfwGif t½IyftaxG;
,Sufajr§;rwG,f tvG,fusufpm; jcaoFhrif;BuD;ozG,f jzpfjim;vnf; wynfhwdkUtm;
ydkUcs&mü abmifcufí xm;vQifMum½Snf av;jrifh toifhvG,ful wHcGefxlaqmuf

tpodkU
aygufajrmuf BuD;yGm;vGefpGm xGef;um;Edkifonf r[kwfygavm? oD[dkVfuRef;ü 'DCbmPu

wdyd#u r[moD0ax&f [lonf udk 'DCedum,f r[m0*¾t|uxm ESm 133-
üvnf;aumif;? ,if;'DCedum,f ygxdu0*¾t|uxm ESm-66-ü vnf;aumif;
t½SifAk'äCmo rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfudk ½Iyg? ,if; r[moD0ax&fonf wdyd#u (yd#u
3-yHk aqmifxm;onfh) tjyif 'DCbmPu [laom bGJUudkvnf; cH,lxm;ayao;onf?
xdkUaMumifh t"dum&rf rnfaom oD[dkVfom;ynm½Sif a&;om;onfh ]]oD[dkVfuRef;
a½SUydkif;omoema&; ordkif;}} pmtkyf ESm-25ü þodkU rSwfcsuf csxm;avonf/
“It is necessary to note here that being a Bhanaka of a particular section of canon meant only
that the person in question made a special study of that portion and did not in any way imply an
ignorance or neglect of ther other sections of pitakas.”
]]edum,fwpfckckudk aqmifxm;ol bmPuqdkonfrSm xdkedum,fudk txl;wvnf

avhvmusufrSwfol [líom qdkvdkí tjcm;edum,f tjcm; yd#uudk vspfvsL½Iol ravhvmol[lí
rqdkvdkaMumif; rSwfom;zdkU vdktyf onf}} (Early History of Buddhism in Ceylon p.25 by Adikaram)
(8) 1 ^0de,"& (0g) a0e,du [laom pum;vHk;jzifh 0denf;udk aqmifolç tmbd"r®du [laom
pum;vHk;jzifh tbd"r®mudk aqmifolrsm; ½SdcJhaMumif; taxmuftxm;rsm; jycJhNyDjzpfonf?
Ak'¨pum;awmfrsm;udk 5-pkcGJí edum,[laom pum;jzifh oHk;EIef;ac:a0:aomtcg 0denf;a&m tbd"r®myg
ck'úüxnfhoGif;í oH*g,em wifMuonfhtavsmuf ck'úedum,f [líyif ac:a0:oHk;EIef;Muayonf?
ck'ú[lonfrSm 'DC t½Snfç rZÑdr tv,ftvwfESifh EdIif;,SOfí ck'ú twdka[m t"dyÜm,fudk
aumuf,l&onf? tao;tzGJ wefzdk;enf;aom okwfrsm; ygVdawmfrsm;[k tvGJraumuf&m? xdkUaMumifh
0denf;udk aqmifolrsm;udk 0de,"&-[k ac:qdkouJhodkU 0db*F"&mç rmwdum"&m[lí ac:qdkxm;
onfudkvnf; ygVdawmfrsm;ü trsm;tjym;awGU&ay&m 0denf;ig;usrf;vHk;udk aqmifol½Sdovdk
Obawm0dbif;rQ aqmifolç rmwdumac: ygwdarmufrQ aqmifolç cEürQ aqmifolrsm; ½SdaomaMumifh
xdkedum,fBuD;rsm;ESifh EdIif;pmvQif wdkawmif;onf[k qdkEdkifayonf/
(*) 2 ^wpfzef tbd"r®mudk aqmif&müvnf; rmwdum"&m-[laom ygVdawmfpum;udk
axmufí wdurmwdum 'kurmwdumrQudk aqmifolç eda'óy'bmZeDrsm;ESifhwuG
"r®o*FPDudk aqmifolç 0dbif;rQudk aqmifolç y|mef;oufoufudkom aqmifolç
"mwkuxm yk*¾vynwfrQaqmifolç ,rdkufrQaqmifol [lívnf; ½Sdonf? tbd"r®m 7-
usrf;[k cGJxm;onfrSmvnf; u@tvdkuf cGJjcm;jcif;rsdK; r[kwf? obm0"r®odkU csOf;uyf
enf;tm;jzifh cGJxm;jcif; jzpfayonf? xdkUaMumifh rdrdoef&m qE´½Sd&m aqmifxm;cJhMuonf?
Oyrmtm;jzifh tvGef cufvSygonf (us,fvSygonf) qdkaom y|mef;usrf;BuD;udk þ 20-

tpodkU
&mpkESpfü tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k rEÅav; rpdk;&drfq&mawmfBuD; txl;oD;oefU jyifqifum

enf;opf pepfopfrsm;jzifh xyfwvJvJ ydkUcsaqmif½GufouJhodkU jzpfonf? þqdkcJhNyD;aom
tpOfjzifh csydkUaqmif½Gufjcif;onf wm0efcGJa0jcif; Divison of Labour pepft&
Mum½SnfwnfwHhapaMumif; aumif;jrwfaom tpOftvm jzpfayonf? þodkUqdkaom
ck'ú(wdkaom okwfrsm;) [k ac:qdkonfhtwGuf bmrQ odrfi,fp&m rvdkyg?
ck'úedum,fü xnfhoGif;a&wGufaomaMumifh twdktxGm tao;tzGJuav;rsm;[k
b,ftcgrQ t"dyÜm,frxGufay? xdkUaMumifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU bmrQ &ifemzG,f
rvdkay/
(C) 3 ^tydkif;cGJa0&mü &Hcg rvdktyfaom teuft"dyÜm,f qefUusifovdk½Sdaom w&m;rsm;udk
xnfhoGif; a&wGuf&onfvnf; ½Sdwufonf? a0'em 3-rsdK; (csrf;omç qif;&Jç
toifhtwifh tv,ftvwf cHpm;rI)udk okcESifh 'ku© 2-rsdK;om cGJa0aomtcg
Oayu©m[laom tv,ftvwf cHpm;rIudk wnfNidrfaom oabm½SdaomaMumifh okcü
xnfhoGif; a&wGuf&\/
Oayu©m ye oEÅwåm okcrdapö0 bmodwm/ (tbd |? 2? 170) (oar®m-|)
xdkUtwl bk&m;&[EÅmwdkU\ oEÅmefüjzpfaom [odwkyÜg'fpdwfudk aombe(aumif;) taombe
(raumif;) [k ESpfydkif; cGJa0aomtcg taombebufodkU xnfhoGif;Mu&onf? [odwkyÜg'fpdwfudk,fwdkifu
raumif;aomaMumifh taombe ac:&onf r[kwf? aombe trnf&aeus jzpfaom ukodkvfrlvrsm;
r½SdaomaMumifh rlt& taombe[k ac:qdk&jcif; jzpfavonf? xdkUaMumifh tydkif;cGJa0aomtcg pum;vHk;\
Literary Meaning (pum;vHk;\ wdkuf½dkuft"dyÜm,f)xuf Derivative Meaning (qifhyGm; t"dyÜm,f)udk ydkí
owdûy&ayrnf? þodkUaom pmayynm\ odrfarGUaom oabmobm0udk us,fus,f0ef;0ef; ravhvmbJ
tawG;tac: zDvdkqdkzD q&mrsm;uJhodkU xif&mpGyfa&;cJhMuav&m xdktaemufwdkif; okawoDwdkU\
trSm;rsm;udk aemufvlwdkUu vdkufjyifírqHk; ½Sdaeayonf/
28/ OD;Ouú|trª;ûyí a';'&JûrdU yÍöedum, "r®omupämtzGJUrS a&;xdk;pdkufxlxm;tyfaom
ausmufpmESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS xkwfa0aom Ak'ömoemhordkif; ESm-10-ü yxroH*g,emwGif
oHCm (1000) ausmfwdkUu owåyPÖdvdkPf*l (ax&fBuD;wdkU oH*g,emwif&mXme)\ taemuf
wpf,lZemtuGm y@0vdkPf*lwGif yxroH*g,em tûydifwifMuonf [laom tqdkonf
ax&0g'rSwfwrf;rsm;ü rvmaom cdkifvHkrIr½Sdaom tqdk jzpfonf? ,if;wdkUudk r[mo*Ðwd[k ac:qdkaMumif;
xyfqifhí qdkjyefao;\? 'kwd, oH*g,emESifh tûydifwif Muaom r[moHCdu (0g) r[mo*ÐwdESifh
a&maxG;aejcif;om jzpfonf? yxroH*g,emü pifûydifoH*g,em r½Sdacs/
atmufyg J.J.Jones a&;om;aom r[m0w¬K t*Fvdyfbmomjyef twGJ-3? ed'gef; Introduction ü-

tpodkU
Mahasanghikas were a Buddhist sect formed at the time of the second Council at Vesali 338.
B.C. They subsequently split up into sevetal schools among which, the Lokuttaravadins seem to
approximate closest to the original Sect.
(jrefrm) r[moHCduonf bDpD 338-ckESpf a0omvDü usif;yaom 'kwd,oH*g,emwifcsdefü

ay:vmaom Ak'¨bmom*dkPf;uGJwpfck jzpfonf? ¤if;wdkUonf aemufxyfí *dkPf;trsdK;rsdK; uGJjym;Muao;&m
avmukwå& 0g'D*dkPf;uGJwpfckonf rlvax&0g'ESifh tawmfeD;pyfyHk&onf[laom pum;jzifh
'kwd,oH*g,emwifcsdefü oD;oefUcGJí oH*g,emwifMuaom*dkPf;udk r[moHCdu[lívnf;aumif;ç
r[mo*Ðwd[lívnf;aumif; ac:qdk Mujcif;jzpfaMumif; od&ayonf/
29/ þü r[m0w¬K[lonf r[moHCdu*dkPf;\ 0de,0w¬K jzpfonf ,if;\ ed'gef;ü
=rZÑdr a'o avmukwå&0g'Djzpfaom

r[moHCdu *dkPfBuD;\ ygVdawmfrlt& 0w¬Krsm;pGm yg0ifaom 0de,yd#u tpum;}} [lí
tpysdK;xm;ayonf? odkU&mwGif 0de,yd#u[k trnfay;xm;aomfvnf; xdkr[m0w¬Kusrf;udk
avhvmMunfh&mwGif 0denf;ynwfawmfrsm; bmrQrawGU&? ax&0g'yd#urS [dkrSonfrS
xkwfEkwfa&;om;aom 0w¬KtaMumif;t&mrsm;om jzpfonf/
30/ wdAufpma&;q&m wm&memx a&;om;í ½Sdzem; Schiefner qdkolu
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefqdkaom wdbuf0d e,rSwfwrf;rsm;ç at'D 629-ck w½kwfc&D;onf [Gifqdkif\ S.Beal
(qJjrL0Jvfbdvf) t*Fvdyfbm omjyefqdkaom rSwfwrf;rsm;ç J.Takakusu wumulqlrnfaom *syefynm½Sif

a&;om;onfh ]]oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPf;rS tbd"r®mpmayrsm;}}[laom pmwrf;rsm;udk ûcHíMunfhvdkufaomf
yxroH*g,emwifcsdefü ESpfrsdK;awGU&onf? tbd"r®myg½Sdonf [lívnf;aumif; ryg[lívnf;aumif;
tqdkESpfrsdK;udk awGU&onf? tbd"r®myd#u ygonf [laom w½kwfr[m0w¬K usrf;tqdkrSm ygVdpmayESifh qdkyHk
wlonfudk awGU&í Dulva 'kvfA-ac:aom wdAuf0de,usrf; 'kwd,wGJ tqdkt& 0de,udk
Oygvdax&fuvnf;aumif;ç "r®udk tmeE´max&fuvnf;aumif; tbd"r®mudk r[muóyax&fu
vnf;aumif; OD;aqmifí oH*g,emwifonf[k qdkonf? wm&memxtqdk t& oAÁw¬d0g'*dkPf; (aemiftcg
0dbmom rnfaom t|uxmudk a&;om;í xdkt,ludk vufcHaomaMumifh
a0bmoduwGifonf) u tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk bk&m;a[m[k ,lí okwåEÅdu*dkPf;url

bk&m;a[m[k r,lqbJ q&mtoD;oD;u a&;om;onf[k ,lqMuaMumif; od&onf/
31/ rnfodkUqdkap Ak'¨jrwfpGm tbd"r®mudk a[mawmfrlcJhonf[laom rSefuefrIudk awmifydkif;
ajrmufydkif; ESpfydkif;vHk;u vufcHMuonf[k aumufcsufcsEdkifonf? *dkPf;toD;oD; uGJoGm;jcif;rSmvnf;
tpodkU
0de,t,ltqESifh vdkufemusifhMuHa&;wdkUwGif tavsmYtwif; twdrfteuf uGJjym;&mrS pcJhonf?

uGJjym;oGm;NyD;aomtcg Ak'ä[mawmfrlaom w&m;"r®ESifh pyfí t,ltqa&;&mwGifvnf; trSefrS
aoGz,fwdrf;apmif; oGm;Muayonf? xdkUaMumifh 'Dy0Ho yÍöru@ü þodkUqdk\/
edaj*ma"m0 r[m½kau©m? ax&0g'gerkwåarm/
tEleH te"duH ap0? au0vH ZdeomoeH/
u@um 0d, ½ku©rSd? edAÁwåm 0g'aooum/ (*gxm-52/)
jrefrmjyef
0g'wdkUwGif tjrwfqHk;jzpfaom ax&fBuD;wdkU0g'onf yanmifyifBuD;ESifhwlonf?
jrwfAk'ömoemawmfonf r,kwfrydk tvHk;pHk jynfh0ayonf? <uif;aom *dkPf;0g'wdkUum;
opfyifrSmaygufaom ql;wdkUESifh tvm;wl ukefonf/
yxar 0óoaw ew¬d? 'kwda, 'oowEÅa&/
bdEém owå&o 0g'g? OyÜEém Zdeomoae/ ( *gxm-53/)
jrefrmjyef
Ak'ÿ&dedAÁmef pHawmfrlNyD;aemuf tESpfwpf&mtwGif; tuGJtjym; r½Sdao;? 'kwd,&mpkwGifum;
omoemawmfwGif *dkPf;BuD; 17-*dkPf; uGJjym;pGm ay:vmMuawmhonf/
r[mo*Ðwdum bdu©L? 0davmrH tuHok omoeH/
bdE´dwGm rlvo*F[H? tnH tuHok o*F[H/ (*gxm-32/)
jrefrmjyef
r[mo*Ðwdu*dkPf;om; &[ef;wdkUonf omoemawmfudk wdrf;apmif;atmif ûyMuvsuf
rlvoH*g,emudk zsufí oH*g,emtopf ûyMuonf/
tnw¬ o*F[dwH okwåH? tnw¬ tu&ðok aw/
tw¬H "r®Íö bdE´ðok? a, eduma,ok yÍöok/ (*gxm-33)
jrefrmjyef
olwdkUonf tjcm;yd#uü pkpnf;NyD;aom okwfudk onfhjyifwyg; tjcm;yd#uü xnfhoGif;Muí
edum,f 5-&yfwGif teufa&m ygVdudkyg zsufqD;Muonf/
y&d,m, a'odwH pmyd? taxm edyÜ&d,m, a'odwH/
eDww¬H ap0 ae,sw¬H? tZmedwGme bdu©a0g/ (*gxm-34)
jrefrmjyef
xdk&[ef;wdkUonf y&d,m,fjzifha[monfh a'oemudk rkcsenf; aumuf,lMuonf? eDwwå=

tpodkU
wdkuf½dkufteuf ae,sw¬= oG,f0dkufaom teufudk rod½SmMuí-

tnH oE¨m, bPdwH? tnw¬H Xy,ðok aw/
AsÍöepäm,m, aw bdu©K? A[Hk tw¬H 0demo,Hk/ (*gxm-35)
jrefrmjyef
xdk&[ef;wdkUonf teufwpfrsdK;udk &nf½G,fí a[mawmfrltyfaom okwfudk teufwpfrsdK;
azmfxkwfMuonf? pum;vHk; xyfwdk;í teufrSef tajrmuftjrm;udk zsufqD;Muonf/
qa×wGm {ua'oH p? okwåH 0de,Íö *rÇd&H/
ywd½lyH okwå0de,H? wÍö tnH u&ðok awm/ (*gxm-36)
y&d0g&H tw¬K'¨g&H? tbd"r®yu&PH/
y#dorÇd'H p eda'óH? {ua'oH p ZmwuH/
{wåuH edóZÆdwGme? tnmed tu&ðok aw/ (*gxm-37/)
jrefrmjyef
eufeJcufcJaom okwftcsdKU 0denf;tcsdKUudk y,fpGefUí xdkolwdkUonf tjcm; oifhawmfaom okwf
0denf;udk ûyvkyfMuonf? aomVoy&d0g& ESifh t|uxmu@ tbd"r®m? wpfenf; t|uxmu@
xdkrS<uif;aom tbd"r®mudk y,fMuonf? y#dorÇd'g plVESifh r[meda'ó ZmwutcsdKUudk y,fpGefUMuonf?
þrQavmuf y,fpGefUí olwdk\Uonf tjcm;topfjzpfaom usrf;rsm;udk a&;Muonf/
þrQ qdkNyD;aom pum;pOfjzifh ax&0g'rS cGJxGufoGm;Muaom *dkPf;uGJwdkU rlvoabmxm;ESifh
tajctaeudk odEdkifavmufNyD? xdkUaMumifh ax&0g' q&mpOfqufonf ,if;wdkUudk xnfhí rpOf;pm;Muay/
32/ ,cktcg yxroH*g,emudk t,HktMunf r½SdMuaom oHCmawmfrsm; ½SdMuaMumifhESifh
xdkoHCmwdkU\ a½SUajy;tjzpf 'u©dP*d&drS t½Sifyl&Pudk yHkpHxkwfvmMuaom pk'dwuwdkU\ tqdkudk
pdppfjythH/
taMumif;t&mum; 'u©dP*d&dZeyk'fü &[ef;y&dowf tajrmuftjrm;ESifh a'opm&D
vSnfhvnfaeaom t½Sifyl&Ponf &mZû*d[fodkU a&mufvmaomtcg oDwif;0gv uRwfaeayNyD? tb,fudk
axmufí 0guRwfrS a&mufvmaMumif; od&oenf;- [ljim;tHh? 0grqdkrDuyif ½Sifr[muóyax&fu
oHCmhtv,fwGif a½G;aumuf xm;aom oHCm 500- rSwyg; tjcm; &[ef;rsm; &mZû*d[fü 0gruyfMu&-
[k oH*g,emÚwfjzifh aMunmxm; NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh 0gwGif;r[kwfrlí 0gytcgjzpfaMumif; odEdkifayonf?
&mZû*d[f a0VK0efausmif;odkU a&mufvmaomtcg t½Sifyl&Ponf oH*g,emwif ax&fBuD;rsm;ESifh
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om ESD;aESmajyma[monf? (axa& [d bdu©L[d o'¨ð y#doar®m'dwGm {urEÅH edoD'd-
plV0gygVdawmf) t½Sifyl&P <uvmaomtcg oH*g,emudpövnf; NyD;pD;aeNyD; jzpfonf? (axa&[d bdu©L[d
"ar® p 0dea, p o*Ðaw(plV0g-486) ax&fBuD;rsm;u ]]axa&[d tm0kaom yl&P "ar®m p 0dea,m p
o*Ðawm? Oay[d wH o*Ðwð}} igh½Sifyl&P ax&fBuD;wdkYonf "r®0de,udk oH*g,em wifNyD;ygNyD?

tpodkU
xdkoH*g,em (wifNyD;aom "r®0de,) odkU csOf;uyfyg (csOf;uyfí "r®0de, wdkUudk avhvmyg) [k

ajymqdkMuonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / oH*g,emodkU csOf;uyfyg[lonfudk oH*g,emwif&m yg0ifyg[k t"dyÜm,f r,l&?
taMumif;rSm rlvuyif tjcm; oHCmrsm;udk wm;jrpfNyD; jzpfí wpfaMumif;ç ,cktcg oH*g,emwifNyD;
jzpfaeí wpfaMumif; jzpfonf/
xdktcg t½Sifyl&Pu ]]ax&fBuD;rsm; "r®0de,udk oH*g,emwifMuonfrSm tvGef
aumif;rGefygonf? (oko*Ðwm0kaom axa&[d "ar®m p 0dea,m p) odkUaomf wynfhawmfuawmh
toufvnf;BuD;vSNyDjzpfí "r®0de,awG tm;vHk; ravhvmEdkif raqmifxm;Edkifyg? bk&m;½Sif
rsufarSmufawmfwGif Mum;em rSwfom;cJhwJhtwdkif;yJ aqmifxm;ygrnf? &wmavmufyJ aqmifxm;ygrnf
(,ax0 r,m b*0awm or®Kcg okwH or®Kcg y#d*[
¾ dwH wax0g[H "ma&ómrd)}} [k avQmufxm;onf/
rSwfcsuf/ / þygVdawmfvm t½Sifyl&P\ avQmufxm;csufü pk'dwuwdkU ,lqouJhodkU tcsdKU
rax&frsm; oabmrwlaMumif; [laom teuft"dyÜm,f tenf;i,frQ rxGufay/
33/ ,cktcg oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPf;rS tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk pdppfMutHh? Ak'¨jrwfpGm
vufxufawmfrSpí tbd"r®mudk oif,lavhvmMuaom &[ef;rsm;tv,fwGif wm0efcGJa0 aqmifxm;Mu&ef
tydkif;u@ cGJMu&m 7-usrf; 7-pk[laom pum;onf tbd"r®maqmif r[kwfaom tjcm;
om0u&[ef;rsm;xHodkUvnf; ysHESHUxif½Sm; todrsm;aom pum;jzpfcJhonfrSm {uefjzpfonf? xdkUaMumifh
tbd"r®m\ (7) ocFsmESifh ywfoufí t|omvdeD t|uxmü 0dw@0g'D (qefUusifbuf ajymwwfaom)
yk*¾dKvfrsm;u 7-usrf;jynfh&ef r[m"r®[',rnfaom usrf;udkvnf;aumif;ç r[m"mwkuxm
usrf;udkvnf;aumif; xkwfaqmifvmMuonfudk azmfjyxm;ayonf? þwGif orme0g'Dyk*¾dKvfrsm;u
oifwdkUwifjyvmaom r[m"r®[',usrf; qdkonfrSm rlv"r®[',0dbif;rSm ygNyD;om; w&m;awGcsnf;
rsm;ygonf? topf[lí rsm;pGm ryg? ar;cGef;awG xkwfxm;aom yO§m0g&rQyJ ryg <uif;usef
½Sdaeygonf[lívnf;aumif;ç r[m"mwkuxmusrf; qdkonfrSmvnf; txufenf;twdkif;yif
rlv"mwkuxmusrf;&if;xuf tydk[lí rsm;rsm;r½Sd? aemufjznfhygVdawmf tenf;i,frQ
ygonf[lívnf;aumif; ajz½Sif;um 0dw@0g'DwdkU\ tqdkudk acszsufcJhMuonf/
34/ þae&mü awmifwGif;BuD; ewfrSDawm& OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emü ]]r[m"r®[',ESifh
r[m"mwk-uxmusrf;BuD;rsm;rS wpfusrf;usrf;om tjynfhtpHk ½SdcJhygvQif uxm0w¬Kusrf;\
tajctaeonf wpfrsdK;wpfzHk jzpfoGm;EdkifaMumif; aqG;aEG;&ygonf bk&m;}} [k aom"emûyoGm;onf?
ygVdtqdkESifh ygVd\oabmoGm;udk rydkifEdkifaomaMumifh OD;qE´m"du t"dyÜm,f t,ltq rSm;oGm;jcif;om
jzpf\? ol\ tvdktm;jzifh tykAÁH ew¬d? uwdy,m0 yO§m0g&m t0aoom [laom ygXf\t"dyÜm,frSm
txufü qdkcJhovdk topftqef; bmrQryg[lí r[kwfawmhbJ yO§m0g&enf;enf;yJ usefawmhonf?
tjcm;[mawG aysmufukefNyD;[lí t"dyÜm,f xGwfaeawmhonf/ pk'dwu OD;qE´m"du jyóemtudkifrwufrI

tpodkU
jzpfayonf? rajyvnfonfhtjyif trSm;wpfck xyfrHí ûyrdvsufom; jzpfayawmhonf? OD;qE´m"du

qdkouJhodkU oAÁw¬d0g' tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk tm;usjcif; r[kwf? oAÁw¬d0g'DwdkUuom ax&0g' tbd"r®mudk
oHa,mifvdkufí tbd"r®m 7-usrf; pDpOfxm;jcif; jzpfayonf? rnfolu rnfolUxHrS twk,lonf
qdkonfudk atmufygrSwfwrf;udk ½Ií qHk;jzwfEdkif\/
35/ ausmufpm0ef qm*Refrm½S,fESifh ya&mfzufqm &ufyqifwdkU\ qHk;jzwfcsuft&
uedoQurif; eef;wufaom tcsdeftcgonf c&pfESpf 77-78 jzpf&m xdkrif;\ vufxuf oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPf;rS
wwd,oH*g,em wifjcif;onf at'D ESpf 100-cefUavmufwGif jzpfzG,f½Sdonf[k qdkMuonf? at'D
wpf&monf bk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmefpHvGefNyD; ESpfaygif; (700) cefUjzpfavonf? uedoQurif;udkvnf;
'kwd,taomurif;[k todtrSwf ûyMuonf? ,if; wwd,oH*g,em taMumif;udk at'D 6-&mpkESpfwGif
rSwfwrf;wifcJhaom w½kwfc&D;onf Hiuen Tsiang ([Gifqdkif)\ rSwfwrf;rS uREfkyfwdkU od&onf/
36/ oH*g,emwif&ef &[ef;awmfrsm;udk a½G;aumuf&mü yxroH*g,emwGif t½SiftmeE´mudk
csefvSyfí 499-yg; a½G;aumufouJhodkU þüvnf; t½Sif0okrdwåudk csefvSyfí oHCmtajrmuftjrm;xJrS
&[ef;awmf 499-yg;udk a½G;aumufavonf? t½SiftmeE´monf yxroH*g,emwGif rygvQif rNyD;Edkifaom
tvGef t&nftcsif;jynfh0ol jzpfaomfvnf; &[EÅmrjzpfao;í 500-wGif pm&if;rxnfhEdkifao;ouJhodkU
þoH*g,emüvnf; t½Sif0okrdwåonf y&d,wåd*kPf jynfhpHkaomfvnf; &[EÅm rjzpfao;aomaMumifh 500-
wGif wpfyg;csefí a½G;aumufcJhjcif; jzpfonf? aemiftcgrS &[EÅmjzpfí 500- ta&twGuf
jynfh0avawmhonf[k qdk\/
37/ t½Sif0okrdwåudk acgif;aqmiftjzpfxm;í okwåefyd#utwGuf Oya'oow¬
0denf;yd#utwGuf 0de,0dbmomow¬ tbd"r®myd#utwGuf tbd"r®0dbmomow¬[lí #DumBuD; 3-
apmif a&;om; pDuHk;Muonf? uedoQubk&ifonf ,if;wdkUudk aMu;jym;ay:wGif a&;wifapí apwDwnfum
XmyemxnfhoGif; ylaZmfonf[k qdkonf/
38/ þoAÁw¬d0g'D*kPf;rS tbd"r®m 7-usrf;rsm;wGif umwsm,edylMw a&;om;pD&ifaom
ÓPy|mef;onf vdk&if;jzpfonf? ,if;onf ax&0g' y|mef;usrf;BuD;udk twk,lí

trnfemray;xm;aomusrf; jzpfaomfvnf; yg0ifaom w&m;awGrSm y|mef;ypönf;rsm; ryg0if? AEëç ur®ç
½ly"mwkç aAm"dt*Fç orm"dESifh 'd|d paom ÓPfjzpfaMumif;w&m;rsm;om yg\? usef 6-usrf;rSm tjcHt&H?
wpfenf; tajccHusrf;rsm; jzpfMuonf? ,if;wdkUudk usrf;trnf\ aemufü wGJí yg'o'´gjzifh
ac:a0:Mu&onf? ,if;wdkUrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/
(1) o*Ðwdy&d,m,yg'- r[maum|dv? odkUr[kwf om&dykwåa&;? tbd"r®m (ax&0g')
yk*¾vynwfESifh wlonf[k qdk\/
(2) jyu&Pyg' - 0okrdwåa&;? 0dbif;usrf;ESifh wlonf[k qdkMu\/
(3) 0dnmPum,yg'- a'0or®a&;? 0dnmP 6-yg;ESifh qdkifonf/

tpodkU
(4) "gwkum,yg' - yl&P? odkUr[kwf 0okrdwåa&;? "mwf 18-ESifhqdkifonf? wpfenf;

"gwkoH,kwfESifh tvm;wlonf[k qdkMu\/
(5) "r®u©Eÿg' - om&dykwå? odkUr[kwf arm*¾vme a&;? ,ordwåtvdk r[maum|dva&;?
ta&;BuD;aom tbd"r®m oabmw&m;rsm; yg0ifonf[k qdkonf/
(6) ynwådyg' - ygxdurS vu©PokwfESifh wlonf? ½Sifarm*¾vmefa&;[k qdkMu\/
39/ txufyg oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPf;rS tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk oHk;oyfaomf awmifydkif;ax&0g'
tbd"r®mESifh tuGmBuD; uGmaeayonf? ax&0g'tbd"r®mudk twk,lí wDxGifyHk&aMumif;rSm tay:&H
EdIif;,SOfpOf;pm;½HkrQjzifh odomayonf? y"mejzpfaom ÓPy|meusrf;onf trnfrQ qifwl½dk;rSm;
wlaomfvnf; ax&0g' y|mef;usrf;uJhodkU tcufcJqHk; teufeJqHk; tus,fjyefUqHk;jzpfaom aMumif;usdK;
ypönf;qufrsm; 24-ypönf; rawGU&bJ ax&0g' 'kwd,tbd"r®musrf; 0dbif;ygVdawmfrS ÓP0dbif;qefqef
pDpOfxm;onfh usrf;wpfapmif jzpfaMumif; od&ayonf? ax&0g' tbd"r®mudk ½Sifom&dykwå&mu pDpOfonf?
oifjyonf? ocFsmenf;t& aqmifvG,frSwf vG,fatmif ocFsm0g&[lí taxmuftulûy u@wpfck
jznfhpGufay;onf? rmwdumwGifvnf; Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif oifjyonfh wdurmwdum 'kurmwdumtjyif
xdkxdkokwåefrS aqmif,l pDpOfum okwåEÅrmwdum[lí 'ku rmwdumwpfrsdK; jznfhpGufayonf? þum;
ax&0g' tbd"r®mwGif trsm;odç trsm;vufcHxm;Muaom q&mpOf qufrS qif;oufvmaom
tpOftvmBuD; wpf&yfjzpfonf? ,if; tpOftvmudk ½SifAk'äCmoonf rzHk;ruG,f wdwdyy today;
½Sif;vif;cJhayonf? ,if;udk twk,lí Ak'¨wynfhBuD;rsm;\ trnfudk oHk;um t½Sifr[muóy
ûyonf[kvnf;aumif; t½Sifom&dykwå&m t½Sifarm*¾vmefç t½Sifr[maum|dv ûyonf[lí vnf;aumif;
ax&0g'ü tqef;topfjzpfaom a'0½S&frmç uwsm,eDylMwç yl&P0okrdwå[laom usrf;ûytrnfrsm;udk
jznfhpGufívnf;aumif; oAÁw¬d0g'D tbd"r®mudk qdkjcif; jzpfay&m\/
þtcsufudk &nf½G,fí 'Dy0Hotcef; 5? *gxmeHygwf 39-ü
ykAÁ*Frm bdEé0g'g? r[mo*Ðwd um&um?
awoH p tEkuma&e? bdEé0g'g A[l t[Hk/
jrefrmjyef
t,ltq uGJjym;aom r[mo*Ðwd *dkPf;om;wdkUonf (teuft"dyÜm,f t,ltq uGJjym;&mü)
a½SUoGm; jzpfMuukef\? tjcm; rsm;pGmaom *dkPf;uGJwdkUonfvnf; xdk r[mo*Ðwd *dkPf;om;wdkUudk
twkvdkufaomtm;jzifh t,luGJjym; jcm;em;pGm jzpfay:vmMuavukefNyD[lí qdkxm;avonf/
xdkUaMumifh tqdkyg oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPf; tbd"r®mudk Ak'¨ra[movdk ax&0g' tbd"r®mudkvnf;
bk&m;a[m r[kwf[k qdkjcif;onf rSm;,Gif;azmufjyefaom tqdkom jzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
oHk;oyfawmf rlMuonf/

tpodkU
&wem,& (pwkw¬) owåm[ESifhpyfí pdppfcsuf

40/ pk'dwu or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;\ aom"emcsuf tcsKyfrSm-
(1) r[m0*¾0denf;ygVdawmfü owåm[ 5-ckom ygygvsuf tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[m
vkyfcsifaomaMumifh pwkw¬(&wem,&) owåm[ESifhwuG owåm[ 7-ckudk Ak'äCmo
csJUxGif a&;om;onf? ygVdESifh t|uxm 2-&yfwGif b,foif;udk tav;teuf
xm;xdkufygovJ-
(2) Ak'önf (u) a&rD;tpHk wefcdk;jyawmfrlNyD;aemuf (c) 2-vSrf; 3-z0g;jzifh (*)
jrif;rdk&fawmifxdyf½Sd (C) wm0wðomewfjynfodkU tbd"r®mw&m; a[mawmfrl&ef
<uawmfrljcif; (i) edr®dw½kyfudk zefqif;jcif; (p) ajrmufuRef;odkU qGrf;cH<uawmfrljcif; (q)
te0wwftdkifü aeUoefUawmfrljcif; þtcsufrsm;onf '@m&D yHkjyif qefaeonf/
(3) ½SifAk'äCmoonf to*F wm0wðomewfjynfodkU oGm;í jyóemar;jref;jcif;
Zmwfvrf;udk ,lí tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[m vkyf&ef Zmwfvrf;topf xGifonf[k
jzpfavonf/
or®m'd|dokawoeqdkolwdkU\ pum;ü 0denf;ygVdü owåm[ 5-ckom ygonf[k qdkonf? trSefu
ygVdawmfü 4-ckom ½Sdonf? to*F wm0wðomodkU oGm;onf qdk&mü wm0wðomr[kwf? wkodwm jzpfonf?
pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfwdkUonf bk&m;omoemawmfudk zsufvdkaZmrTefaeMuNyD; rdrdwdkU\ pum;udkyif rSefatmif
rqdkEdkifbJ jzpfaeaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
41/ a½S;OD;pGm t½SifAk'äCmotay: pk'dwuwdkU tjypfyHkí csjcif;udk ½Sif;vif;vdkayonf?
jrwfpGmbk&m; vufxufawmf umvuyif bk&m;pum;awmfudk zGifhqdkonfh ygVdawmftzGifh (0g)
t|uxmrsm; ½SdcJhonf? ½Sifr[mAk'äCmoonf omoemESpf 900-rS 1000-twGif;üom
ay:xGef;vmoljzpfonf? xdk½Sifr[mAk'äCmo ray:cifu bmt|uxmrQ r½Sdonfr[kwf?
t|uxmusrf;BuD;awG ½SdcJhonf? bk&m;y&dedAÁmef pHvGefNyD;csdefrS pí ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo ay:csdeftxd
Mum;umv ESpfaygif; 1000-c&D; twGif;rSm &SdcJhaom t|uxmBuD;wdkUum; r[mt|uxm
(rlvt|uxm)ç r[mypö&Dt|uxmç uk½kE´Dt|uxmç tEüt|uxmç oacFyt|uxmç
oD[Vt|uxm (ayg&mPt|uxm) wdkU jzpfMuonf/
xdkt|uxmBuD;wdkUonf Ak'¨rsufarSmuf om0uBuD;rsm; jzpfaom ½Sifr[muóy ½SiftmeE´m
paom rax&ftqufquf q&mpOfquf tjrwfwEdk; odrf;ydkufvmcJhaom teuft"dyÜm,f oabmobm0
tqHk;tjzwf jzpf&yfrSwfwrf;rsm;udk odkrSD;odrf;qnf;vmcJhaom a½TwHwif;BuD;rsm;yrm jzpfMuonf?
o'¨r®oar®ookwfvm a'oemawmft& ]tu©&mwpfvHk; bk&m;wpfql} taejzifh tav;*½kûyum
wnfwnfNidrfNidrf xdef;odrf;vmMuaom usrf;r[mBuD;rsm; jzpfMuonf? odkUjzpfí cuf\? us,f0ef;\/
xdkUaMumifh usrf;ûytmZmenfjzpfaom ½Sifr[mAk'äCmo ay:vmaomtcg bk&m;½Sif vGefawmfrlNyD;

tpodkU
aemuf tESpfwpfaxmifcefU uGmvSrf;aeNyD;aom &[ef;½SifvlwdkU\ ynm owd orm"dwdkUESifh oifhavsmfatmif

a½S; t|uxmBuD;rsm;udk aygif;½Hk;í xdkt|uxmBuD;rsm;\ tqdktrdefUudk rwdrf;r,drf;apbJ tusOf;csHK;í
t|uxmopfrsm;udk ûypkolom jzpfonf? o*F[um&u (twdkcsKyfol) omjzpfonf? xdkodkU a&;om;&mü
Ak'¨bmodw bk&m;a[mjzpfaom ygVdbmomjzifh a&;om;ojzifh ol\t|uxmrsm;onf ydkí acwfpm;vmNyD;
trsm;oHk; jzpfvmcJhonf/
½Sifr[mAk'äCmoonf t|uxmopfrsm;ü olUoabm olUxifjrifcsufudk a&;vdkaomtcg
twdtvif;yif ½dk;om;pGm 0efcHí a&;wwfaom yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf? rvdrfhwywfjzifh [dkuonfu
yHkwlul;cswwfaomolrsdK; r[kwfaMumif;udk ygVdpmayESifh &if;ESD;í ygVdt|uxmudk rjywfavhvm
Munfh½IoHk;oyf csydkUaeMuaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;ç bufrvdkuf okawoDrsm; todyif jzpfayonf/
tu,fí olUoabmESifhol r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuHa&;omygrl xdkpOftcgu omoemawmfapmifh
jzpfawmfrlMuaom ax&0Ho y'Dyq&max&fjrwfBuD;wdkYonf vufydkufMunfhaeawmfrlMurnf r[kwfay?
rkcspifppf zsufy,f½kyfodrf;cJhrnfrSm {uefjzpfonf? ,ckacwfvdk yd#upm&if;0if usrf;BuD; usrf;cdkifrsm;udk
jyufwdjyufacsmf ua&mfurnf vdrfvnfvSnfhpm; a&;om;0hHrnfhacwftcgvnf; r[kwf? o'¨gç ynm
tjynfht0&Sdaom acwftcg jzpfí ,kwfnhHaom pdwfaepdwfxm; ½Sdolrsm; cdkem;usufpm;EdkifzG,f r½Sday?
xdkUaMumifh OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG aemufvdkufom0uwdkUonf cJypfaom oludkoma½S;½Itm½Hkpdkufí a&mufvmaom
cJudk trIrxm;aom jcaoFhuJhodkU rusifhrlí rdrdxHarSmuf a&mufvmaom cJudkom rmefzDudkufcJ rJíaeaom
aumav,suuJhodkU usifhaeMuayonf/
42/ (1) 0denf;r[m0*¾ygVdawmf O'gef;ygVdawmfwdkUü (5-r[kwf) owåm[ 4-ckom vmonf?
odkUaomf tpOftvm ax&0g'rSwfom;csuf t&rSm 4-owåm[ rubJ 7-owåm[ jzpfaeayonf?
trSefpifppf 7-owåm[jzpfvsuf ygVdawmfü tb,fhaMumifh tb,fodkU tb,fyHk 3-owåm[ aysmufí
aebdoenf;? þum; ar;p&mç ar;oifhar;xdkufaom ar;cGefyif jzpfonf? xdkar;cGef;\ tajzum;-
“tx acg b*0g owåm[ó tpöa,e wrSm omrm"drSm 0k|[dwGm” xdkpOftcg Ak'¨jrwfpGmonf
7-&ufvGefvwfaomf xdkt&[wåzdkvform"drS xawmfrlNyD;í-
“aAm"d½ku©rlvm a,e tZygvedaj*ma"m? awEkyouFrd” aAm"dyif teD;rS xGuf<uawmfrlí
tZygv anmifyifodkU csOf;uyfawmfrlavonf/
þpum;&yfü 0k|[dwGm OyouFrd-xNyD; csOf;uyfawmfrl [laompum;udk pOf;pm;aomf ]]bkwGm
o,wd? pm;NyD; tdyfwmyJ}} [k avmu qdk½dk;pum;wGif pm;NyD;NyD;csif; wpfqufwnf; tdyfonf[k rqdkvdk
pm; NyD;vQif yg;pyfç vufç yk*H cGufa,muf aq;ao;onf? udk,fvufokwfoif a&tdrf0ifao;onf?
uGrf;aq;pm;oHk; rSD0Jao;onf? NyD;aemuf (tjrm;udpö raqmif½GufawmhbJ) tdyf,modkU wef;0ifawmhonf[k
t"dyÜm,fxGufonf? þüvnf; xdkowåm[ vGefvwfaom (tjcm; b,ft&yfodkUrS r<urlí tZygv
anmifyifodkU csOf;uyfawmfrlayonf tZygvanmifyifodkU r<urD aAm"dyifteD;ü aemufxyf 3-owåm[

tpodkU
qufí aeawmfrlonf) þvufoJuGif;twGif;ü&Sdaom pum; 2-&yfonf ygVdawmfü

wdkuf½dkufrygaomfvnf; &Edkif-&aumif;aom teuft"dyÜm,f (y#dau©yw¬ç tEknmww¬) jzpfonf?
ygVda0g[m&wGif wm;jzpftyfaom y#dau©yw¬ç &oifhojzifh ,lEdkifaom tEknmww¬ 2-rsdK;½Sd&m
þae&mwGif aAm"dyifrS tjcm;t&yfodkU oGm;jcif;onf y#dau©yw¬ç þaAm"dyif atmufrSyif aemuf
&ufaygif; 21-&uf qufí aejcif;onf tEknmww¬ jzpfonf/
xdkUaMumifh-
(1) rrSdwfaom rsufvHk;wdkYjzifh oAÁñkwÓPfudk &awmfrl&m rm&f 5-yg;udk atmifawmfrl&m
yv’if(ae&m)udk pl;pdkufpGm Munfhvsuf &ufowåwpfywfMumrQ aeawmfrlonf/
(2) yv’ifESifh &yfae&m 2-cktMum; zvormywftMum; ypöa0u©Pm ÓPfappm;&if;
pBuø<uvsuf &ufowåwpfywfMumrQ aeawmfrlonf/
(3) ewfwdkU zefqif;tyfaom &wema½Ttdrf (wpfenf;) tbd"r®m t|uxmtvdk
w&m;&wemrsm; oHk;oyf&mjzpfaom ae&mü teEÅe,orEÅy|mef;usrf;BuD;udk
qifjcifoHk;oyf&if; &ufowåwpfywfMum aeawmfrlonf þodkU 3-owå[udk
aemufxyfqufí ukefapawmfrljyefonf/
þwGif 1-udk tedrdoowåm[ç 2-udk puFrowå[ç 3-udk &wemC&owåm[[k ac:onf? ,if;
owåm[toD;oD; ukefvGefap&mXmewdkUü apwDtoD;oD; wnfcJhMuonf? (þ ae&mtoD;oD;onf
t|uxmq&mrsm; vufxufu trSefwu,f½SdcJhaom apwDrsm; jzpfzG,f½Sdonf[k tD;a*saomrwfpf
a&;om;aom The life of Buddha ac: pmtkyfESm 85-ü azmfjyxm;onf/)
,if;odkUqdkvQif ygVdawmfESifh t|uxm qefYusifjcif; r½Sd? r½SdaomaMumifh ygVdESifh t|uxm
b,foif;u yrmPûyavmufonf [laom jyóem ray:awmhacs/
43/ (2) uâ&rD;tpHk wefcdk;jyjcif;ç
iêdr®dw½kyfudk zefqif;jcif;ç
pâjrmufuRef;odkU qGrf;cH<uawmfrljcif;-
þtcsuf 3-csufrSm omoemawmf\ tjyifbufüyif ½SdEdkifaom avmuDtbdnmOf\ udpörsm;
jzpfonf? Ak'ävmif;vsm rzGm;rDESifh zGm;NyD; oli,fb0ü eef;awmfwGif;odkU &Hcgzefcg <uvmavh½Sdaom
umVa'0Dv &aohBuD;onf ewfjynfü aeUoefUaepOf ewfwdkU ½TifjrL;aom tjcif;t&mudkMunfhí pOf;pm;&mrS
vlUjynfwGif oka'¨g'ebk&if\ eef;awmfü bk&m;tavmif; zGm;jrifawmfrlonfudk odjrif&í <uvmaMumif;
usrf;*efpmqdk ½Sdonf? omoemawmfwGif;üum; avmukwå&m r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfESifh wGJ,SOfvsuf ½Sdojzifh
£'¨d0d"tbdÓPf (wefcdk;trsdK;rsdK;udk zefqif;Edkifaom owåd)onf vGefpGm jrifhrm; tpGrf;owådrsm;rnf {uef
jzpfonf? Ak'¨jrwfpGm tzdkUum; tvGefvsifjrefpGm psmef0ifpm;Edkifjcif;ç psmefrSxajrmufawmf
rlEdkifjcif;wnf;[laom cdyÜedoEÅd*kPfawmfESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaomaMumifh omvGefí pGrf;aqmifawmf

tpodkU
rlEdkifrnfrSm qdkzG,fr½Sd jzpf\? odkUaomf omoemawmfudk r,HkMunf rMunfñdkaom oltzdkU ajymí ,HkEdkifrnf
r[kwf&um; þü tus,fqdkzG,f rvdkawmhNyD/
44/ (2) c^ 2-vSrf; 3-b0g;[laom pum;rSm tu,fwdwd vlwdkUajcjzifh vSrf;<uoGm;ouJhodkU
wpfvSrf;pD <uoGm;awmfrljcif;udk qdkvdkonf r[kwf? vlUjynfom0w¬dûrdUrS <uoGm;awmfrlNyD;aemuf
jrif;rdk&fawmiftv,f pwkr[m&mZfewfjynfwGif wpfaxmufem;[ef jyawmfrlum wm0wðomewfjynfü
xif½Sm;pGm ay:awmfrlvmjcif;udk qdkvdkayonf? vlwdkUajcjzifh oGm;jcif;uJhodkU pum;wefqm Oypmoabm
ajymqdkjcif;om jzpfayonf? Oypm pum;udk rkcspum;rSwfjcif;onf Ak'¨pmayavhvm&ef rxdkufaom
ÓPfrGJrsdK; jzpfaMumif; odEdkifonf/
OD;Ouú|*dkPf;om;wdkUonf olwdkU aMunmxm;onfhtwdkif; p-o-C-Z-u [laom
yom'½kyfig;yg;udkom t½Sdw&m; tajccHw&m;tjzpf w&m;aoudkifxm;Muaom ½kyf0g'Drsm; jzpfMuí
½dk;½dk;vlwdkU rvkyfEdkifaom wefcdk;tbdnmOft&mrSeforQ r,HkEdkifMuí wm0wðom tbd"r®mwdkUudk '@m&D[k
pGyfpGJMujcif; jzpfayonf? pyspfoD; csOfonf[laom tajymrsdK;yif jzpfavonf/
45/ (2) *^ C jrif;rdk&fawmifudk vlwdkUrsufpdjzifh jrifaumif;onf r[kwfç rSefajymif;jzifhyif
jrifEdkif aumif;aomt&m r[kwfay? û*dvfwk 'kef;ysH? urÇmywf,mOfwdkU aumif;uiftESHU oGm;aeonf[k
qdkaomfvnf; jrif;rdk&fawmif\ cg;v,favmufrQ a&mufEdkifzG,f r½Sday? vAdrmefodkU vlom;rsm;
oGm;a&mufajccsEdkifNyD;[k qdkjcif;onf Ak'¨pmaytjrift& rqef;ay? psmeftbdnmOf wefcdk;&½Sdaom
olrsm;onf v-aersm;udk vufjzifh udkifwG,foHk;oyfEdkifonf[k ax&0g'usrf;pmrsm;u qdkonfrSm
ESpfaygif; 2500-ausmfcJhNyD jzpfonf? rE¨mwkrif;BuD;onf wm0wðomewfjynfü odMum;rif; 32-quf
vJonfhwdkifatmif ewfpnf;pdrfudk cHpm;cJhonf[k qdk\? rjzpfEdkifonf r[kwf? ewfjynf 6-xyfwGif
pwkr[m&mZfESifh wm0wðomewfjynf 2-xyfonf ajrudk rSDí wnfaeaom bkr®|uewfjynf jzpfonf?
<uif;ewfjynf 4-xyfonf [mvm[if;vif; aumif;uifjyifwGif wnfaeaom tmumo|u
ewfjynfjzpfonf[k ax&0g'usrf;pmrsm;u qdk\? tuef;udk jrifatmif rjyEdkifouJhodkY psmefudk r,Hkaom
olrsdK;tm; ,Hkatmif rajymEdkif? vufawGUvnf; rjyEdkif? rjyEdkifaomaMumifh r,Hkpwrf;qdkvQif
owå0gtoD;oD;ü txift½Sm; ½SdMuaom Spinit, Cognizance, Consciousness ponfjzifh ac:aeMuaom
pdwf Intellisence, Insight paom ynmÓPf\ tqifhtwef; t&nftcsif;rsm;udk "mwfyHk½dkufí rjyEdkif?
rsufpdç em;ç ESmç vQmç udk,fwdkUjzifhvnf; prf;oyfrawGUEdkifaomaMumifh r,HkEdkif[k qdkMurnfav?
jrif;rdk&fawmif ESifhpyfí ygVdusrf;*efrsm;ü tjrifh,lZem rnfrQç ajratmufwGif ûryfaeaom twdkif;tq
rnfrQ[k twdtus qdkaomfvnf; ajymif;vJwwfaom obm0t& xdktwdkif;twmrsm;onf xdktwdkif;
tjrJwnf½SdMurnfr[kwf? jrif;rdk&fawmifBuD;\ ywf0ef;usifwGif ,k*E¨& paom awmifBuD; 7-vHk;ESifh
awmifwdkU\ tMum;tMum;wGif tvGefat;jraom oD'EÅ&ork'´&mrsm; ½SdaMumif; qdkonf? þudpörsdK;ü
pmqdkESifh vufawGUonf tcgcyfodrf; udkufnDonf r[kwf? jrif;rdk&fawmifonf

tpodkU
ajrmuf0if½dk;pGef;wnf&mt&yf rjzpfEdkifygoavm? 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; NyD;ptcgu ½k&Sm; odyÜHq&mwdkYonf

tmwdwfa'o a&cJvGifjyifBuD;rsm; atmufwGif a&cJawmifwef;BuD; wpfck udkawGUcJh\?
rdkvdkawmhpfawmifwef;[k trnfay;cJhonf qdk\? ,if; a&cJawmifwef;onf rdkif 1-axmifcefU ½Snfvsm;í
tcsdKUawmifxGwfrsm;onf ay 1-aomif;ausmf jrifhonf? awmiftar&duwdkuf½Sd tif'D;awmifwef;BuD;rQ
½Sdrnf[k cefUrSef;cJhMu\? vuf½SdurÇmüyif ,aeUvlom;wdkU rawGUao; rodao;aom tcsufaygif;rsm;pGm
½Sdaeonf? ,aeUodorQonf tukefyJ[k rnfonfhodyÜH½SifurQ rajym&JMuonfudk owdcsyftyfonf/
Surface at the pole! By Commander James Calvert U.S.N.
46/ xdkuJhodkU vlwdkUvufvSrf; rrDEdkifavmufatmif ÓPf½dk;½dk;jzifhvnf; awG;ac:í
r&avmufatmif OD;Ouú|wdkU\ rsufvHk;aygif; 4-5 q,favmufjzifh 0dkif;Munfhaomfvnf; rjrifEdkifatmif
qef;Mu,fvSaom pMu0Vm urÇmhtpdwftydkif;rsm;rSm tvGefrsm;jym;aMumif; odyÜHynm½SifwdkU
0efcHNyD;jzpfonf? pMu0VmteEÅ[laom pum;udk Ak'¨0g'Drsm;u pí oHk;Mu\? Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif pí
a[mawmfrlcJh\? ,cktcg odyÜHynmu xdkteEÅ pMu0Vmudk awGU½SdMuNyD; Galaxy ac: e*g;aiGUwef;onf
tvif;ESpf 150ç000 us,f ½Sdí tvif;ESpf 25ç000 rS 40ç000 txd xkxnf½SdaMumif; Aposaltic Nabula
ac: eufAsLvmBuD;onf tmumo [if;vif;jyifBuD;rS tvif;ESpf oef;aygif; 225-oef;wdwd aeywfí

wpfywfjynfhonfh tcsdefavmufusrS wpfywfjynfhEdkifavmufonfh Milkyway rpfvuD a0;
tajrmuftjrm;udk ac:onf[k qdkonf? qdkcJhonf jabila rsdK;aygif; oef; 30-cefUyif awGUjrifNyD;NyD[k qdk\?
tqdkyg eufAsLvmwpfckESifh wpfck tuGmta0;rSmvnf; tvif;ESpfaygif; 2-oef;cefUpD uGma0;onf[k
tqdk½Sdonf/
47/ ,if;odkU tMurf;pm;½kyf0w¬Kudk awGUjrifEdkifaomfvnf; El;nHh odrfarGUvSonfh ½kyfEkwdkUjzifh
zGJUpnf;xm;aom ewfjA[®mwdkUudkum; rSefajymif;jzifhaomfrS rjrifEdkif? yuwdrsufpdjzifhum; qdkzG,f r½SdNyD?
ewfjA[®mwdkUudkxm; wapä Nydwåm ajrbkwfbDvl; paom owå0gwdkUudkvnf; yuwdvlwdkU\ rsufpdjzifh
rjrifaumif;ay? tcgwyg; oD[dkVfuRef; xlyg½HkapwDwHcg; teD;ü ajrbkwfbDvl;uav; 2-aumifonf
tpmqmvGef;vSí qGrf;cH<uaeaom &[ef; 1-yg;udk ]]wynfhawmfwdkU rdcifudk jrefjref jyefcJhyg&ef
om;uav; 2-OD; tvGef qmavmifvSNyD jzpfaMumif; ajymay;yg bk&m;}} [k avQmuf&m oifwdkUrdcifudk ig
b,fvdk jrif&rSmvJ[k &[ef;u ar;aomtcg aq;jrpfuav;wpfckudk ay;í þaq;jrpfjzifh rdcifudk
jrifEdkifygaMumif; avQmufMuonf? &[ef;onf aq;jrpf\ tpGrf;jzifh ajrbkwfbDvl;rBuD;udk jrifawGU&í
tusdK;taMumif; ajymaomtcg bDvl;rBuD;u aq;jrpfudk vk,lí uG,faysmufoGm;owwf? þodkUaom
tjzpftysufrsm;um; '@m&D r[kwf? t[kwf½Sd wpfu,f½Sdaom babmw&m;rsm; jzpfayonf/ (r |? 2?
187/) (rZÑdryPÖmo plVoukvk'g,dokwftzGifh t|uxm)

tpodkU
tmuo[if;vif;jyifü ouf½Sdowå0grsm; ½SdEdkifaom

taxmuftxm;
48/ Am*sDeD,m;wuúodkvfESifh ae½Sife,f eu©wfwm&mavhvma&;pcef;rS ynm½Sifrsm;u
ouf½Sdowå0grsm;wGif awGU&aom armvDusKtawmfrpftJvdrifh Atomic Element udk
tmumo[if;vif;jyifü awGU½Sd&aMumif; csm;avmh[wfpADvf ZGefv 15^70 owif;wdkuav;
awGU½Sdvdkuf&\? wpfzef bGrf;ûrdU ZEé0g&Dv 20^77 owif; tqdkt& taemufEdkifiH eu©wåaA'
ynm½SiftzGJUu uREkfyfwdkU\ *JvufZD Galaxy tjyifbufü a&½SdaMumif; a½S;OD;qHk; awGU½SdcJhonf? ,if;odkU
awGUvdkufjcif;onf tjcm; *JvufZDrsm;wGif touf ZD0(0g) owå0g wnf½SdEdkifaMumif; azmfjyonf[lvnf;
owif;tjzpf awGUvdkuf&\? xdkUaMumifh ]]jrif;rdk&fawmif}} qdkonfrSm ,aeU rawGU&ao;aomfvnf;
wpfaeUwGif awGUvmEdkifp&mtaMumif; ½Sdonf? ax&0g'usrf;pm rsm;jzifh ,HkMunfMurnf r[kwfí
acwfay:ynm taxmuftxm; tenf;i,fudk azmfjyvdkuf&ayonf/
49/ (2) q^ te0wwftdkif qdkonfrSmum; ,cktcg (rmefq½dk0&f) trnfjzifh
awGU½Sd em;vnfaeMuayNyD? a½S;tcgu t|uxm#Dum usrf;a[mif;rsm; tqdkESifh tvHk;pHk rwlnDapumrl
&mywdç CmC&mç *@wf *sremç r[Djrpfrsm;\ jrpfzsm; (Sourse ) taejzifhvnf;aumif;
taemufajrmufzuf½Sd (Indus Bias) tif'wfpf Asmq paom jrpfzsm;cH&mXmetjzpfvnf;aumif;
xifxif½Sm;½Sm; vlodrsm;aeMuavNyD? b,fynm½SifurQ te0wwftdkif r[kwfyg[k rqdkEdkifaom
a½S;a[mif;trSwftom; rsm;vnf; ½SdNyD; jzpfavonf/
wm0wðomZmwfvrf; [lonfESifh pyfí pdppfcsuf

50/ pk'dwuwdkU\ tawG;tac: t,ltqwdkUonf trsm;tm;jzifh ajymif;jyefvefaeonfudk
awGU&í 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u oem;u½kPm ouf&awmhonf? wm0wðomZmwfvrf;udk
oAÁw¬d0g'D*kPf;rSwqifh ul;ajymif;oGm;aom r[m,meynm½Sif to*F wm0wðomrStjyef
a,m*gpm&blrdusrf;udk a&;onf[laom t,ltqonf oD[dkVfuRef;wdkifatmif jyefUESHUaeí ,if;udk
twk,lum ½SifAk'äCmoonf tbd"r®m bk&m;a[m vkyf&ef wm0wðomZmwfvrf;udk zefwD;onf[k
pk'dwuor®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkUu qdkvdk[ef ½Sd\? þpGyfpGJcsufESifh ywfoufí t&if;Zmpfjrpfudk
tenf;i,f vSefjyvdk\/
uo®d&wdkif; yufoQ0gûrdUü c&pfESpf 5-&mpk ESpf0ufavmufwGif 0okAE¨K trnfjzifh nDtpfudk 3-
a,muf ½SdcJhonf? tBuD;ESifh tvwf 0okAE¨K 1-ESifh2-wdkUonf oAÁw¬d0g'D*dkPf;0if &[ef;rsm;
jzpfvmMuonf? eHygwf 1- 0okAE¨Konf okn0g' (The Docrine of voic) udk avhvm&m oabmraygufEdkif
jzpfaeavonf? pdwfnpfí olUudk,fol ]]'DrQ zsif;nHh&rnfvm;}} [k tjypfwifum owfaozdkUyif
êud;pm;rdonf? xdktcg ykAÁ0da'[? 0g- ta½SUuRef;rS t½Sifyda@mv <uvmí ax&0g'w&m;awmfrsm;udk
tpodkU
a[majymonf? olonf þrQjzifh auseyfrI r&Edkifao;ay? tavmif;awmf arawå,s½Sd&m

okodwmewfjynfodkU tbdnmOfwefcdk;jzifh oGm;a&mufum tavmif;awmf arawå,sxHrS okn0g'w&m;udk
emcHrSwfom;avonf? xdktcg wyfrufrI pGJvrf;rI (o*F) auGuGif;uGm oGm;awmhojzifh xdktcgrSpí 0okAE¨K
1-rS to*Ftjzpf trnfajymif;vJ ac:wGifvmawmhonf? wpfzef to*Fonf vlwdkUtm; okn0g'udk
oabmaygufatmif a[majymí r&Edkifojzifh tavmif;awmf arawå,sudk awmif;yef&m
vlUjynfodkU<uvmNyD; av;vwdkif a,m*g0p&blrdudk ½GwfzwfoifMum;ay;cJhowwf? ,if;udk to*F#Dum
a&;í a,m*gpm&blrdusrf;[lí jzpfay:vmcJhowwf/
rSwfcsuf/ / ya&mzufqm H.Ul u ewfjynfrS tavmif;awmfr\arawå,s? r[kwf vlom;
q&marawå,s [kqdkonf/
þZmwfvrf;udk or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkU xifjrifpGyfpGJouJhodkU ½SifAk'äCmou vHk;0
twkrcdk;onfrSm xif½Sm;onf? rSefvS\- 0okAE¨KnDaemifwdkUESifh ½SifAk'äCmo acwfûydif jzpfonf?
ajrmufydkif;ESifh awmifydkif; tvSrf;uGmvSonf? Ak'¨wynfhom; tm;vHk;twGif; wm0wðomwGif tbd"r®mudk
Ak'®jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlaMumif; jyefUESHUxif½Sm;cJhrnfrSm {uefjzpfonf? twkcdk;onf[k ajymqdkvQif
aemufrSay:aom ajrmufydkif;u awmifydkif;tqdkudk cdk;onf[kom qdkEdkifonf? taMumif;rSm Ak'¨0g'
*dkPf;uGJwdkif;wGif (tbd"r®m Ak'ä[m-ra[m) tjrifrwlMuaomfvnf; tbd"r®m[laom trnfjzifh
oabmw&m; wpfrsdK;udk olUenf; olU[ef udk,fenf; udk,fh[efjzifh toD;oD; xkwfazmfaeMujcif;onfyif
wlnDaom "r®tarGtESpf wpfckudk tm;vHk; ydkifqdkifMuaMumif; xif½Sm;apaom oufaowpfckjzpfayonf?
tcsif;csif; woD;wjcm; ruGJrjym; brdrsm; ydkifqdkifcJhaom ,if;tarGtESpfudk uspfvpfodyfonf;
rysufruGJ&atmif tpGrf;EdkifqHk; xdef;odrf; apmifha½SmufcJhonfrSm rlvyifr *dkPf;BuD;jzpfaom ax&0g'
*dkPf;BuD;omvQif jzpfayonf? xdk*dkPf;BuD;onf tdE´d,ajrmufydkif;rS awmifydkif; awmifydkif;rS oD[dkVfodkU
wpfa½GUa½GU ajymif;a½GU oGm;apumrl ½SifAk'äCmowdkU acwfwdkifatmif r[m0d[m& *dkPf;BuD;twGif;
wif;wif; &if;&if; cdkifcdkifrmrm aumif;pGm wnfvsufom ½Sdayownf;/
0drkwådr*¾ESifh 0dok'¨dr*¾ pdppfcsuf

51/ tbd"r®mudk Ak'¨bmodw (bk&m;a[m) r[kwf[k qdkvdk&muaeí OD;Ouú|ESifhwynfh
pk'dwu or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkUonf tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[m jzpfaMumif; a&;ol t½SifAk'äCmoudkyg
pmolcdk;[k pGyfpGJvdkaomaMumifh-
]]þodkUqdkvQif 0dok'¨dr*fonf 0drkwådr*fudk rSDjirf;ûy enf;,l&rnfrSm aocsmvSonf-
[k taxmuftxm;r½SdbJ xdyg;ykwfcwfjcif; (tom;vGwf? tajctjrpfr½Sd pGyfpGJjcif; ûycJhMuavonf?
½Sifr[mAk'äCmoay:ü tjrJwap tqdk;jrif 0g'jzifh Munfhavh&Sdaom OD;Ouú|\ Mo0g'cH OD;OaZÆmwduESifh
or®m'd|dokawoe (yÍöedum,okawoDtzGJU) qdkolwdkUonf a';'&JûrdU uGif;ausmif;wdkuf twGif;ü

tpodkU
ausmufpmwdkifBuD;wpfckudk tcdkiftrm pdkufxlxm;NyD;vQif Ak'ömoemawmfBuD; ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif;

pum;&yfrsm;udk txift½Sm; a&;xdk;xm;cJhMuonf? ,if; ausmufpmwdkif\ awmifbufrsufESmwGif
0dok'¨dr*fusrf;qdkonfrSm 0drkwådr*¾usrf;udk bmomjyefxm;av[ef- ½Sifr[mAk'äCmotm;
atmufygtwdkif; odu©mcsí rSm;,Gif;pGm twd tvif; ajymifajymifwif;wif; rSwfwrf;wifxm;Muavonf/
]]oD[dkVfa&mufvQif Ak'äCmoonf aZw0e0goD*dkPf;odkU yxra&mufoGm;\? yd#uwfrSm
r[m0d[m& 0goD*dkPf;üom oD[Vtu©&mESifh xdef;xm;av&m r[m0d[m&0goDodkU
t½SifAk'äCmo csOf;uyf&avonf? ol\ yifudkt&nftcsif;udk jyvdkí 0drkwådr*¾tm;
jyefqdka&;om; wifjyvdkuf&\? þonfwGifrS r[m0d[m&0goD*dkPf;rS vufcHavonf}}/
olwdkU qdkovdk [kwf r[kwf pdppfMuOD;tHh-
52/ *vfw,f#Dom*r od&d&weaZmwdrax&fESifh w&v’d,'´ od&dygvrax&fwdkU 1963-ü
BuD;MuyfyHkESdyfaom ygVdbmoma&; 0drkwådr*¾usrf;onf pmrsufESm 41-rsufESm ½Sdonf? oD[dkVfom; aomrESifh
acrdE´wdkU w½kwfbmomrS t*Fvdyfbmom jyefqdkaom 0drkwådr*¾usrf;onfum; 362-rsufESm ½Sdonf?
rpöwmbmywf\ t*Fvdyfbmomjyefrlvnf; ½Sdonf? odkU&mwGif ,if; bmomjyefonf aomrESifh
acrdE´wdkU\ bmomjyefavmuf rjynfhpHk? ygVdrlESifh w½kwfrlwdkUonf tcef;cGJyHkcsif; wloa,mif ½Sdaomfvnf;
w½kwfrl t*Fvdyfbmomjyefü yg½Sdaom taMumif;t&mrsm;pGmonf ygVdrlü aysmufuG,fae\? odkUaomf
tu,fyif jynfhpHkpGm yg½Sdonfjzpfap? r[m0d[m &0goDwdkU\ 0g'[k rqdkEdkifay? taMumif;rlum;
0dok'¨dr*fr[m#Dumu tb,*d&d0goDwdkU\ 0g'[k jyñTeftyfaom tcsuf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk
t½SifAk'äCmo 0dok'¨dr*fusrf;ü y,fxm;onfudk awGUjrif&aomaMumifh aywnf;/
53/ t½SifAk'äCmoonf 0dok'¨dr*fusrf;udk a&;aomtcg ]]r[m0d[m&0goDeH 0HoZó
b'ÉÅoHCygvó taZÑoeH *a[wGm}} r[m0d[m&0goD&[ef;wdkU\ tEG,füjzpfaom t½SifoHCygv\
wdkufwGef;jcif;udk ,lí ûyonf[lívnf;aumif;ç rdrdudk,fudk &nfñTef;um ]]r[m0d[m&0goDeH ax&meH
0HomvuFm&blawe}} r[m0d[m&0goD&[ef;wdkU tquftEG,fudk tuGufvnfatmif
wefqmqifwwfaomax&fonf þusrf;udk ûypD&ifonf[lívnf;aumif; qdkcJhonfESifhtnD
r[m0d[m&0goDwdkUESifh t,lrNyD rwlnDaom usrf;wpfusrf;udk rSDí enf;cHí twk,lí (0g) cdk;í
a&;om;cJhvdrfhrnfavm[k awG;rS rawG;aumif;aom udpöjzpfonf? ,if;udpöudk pk'dwuwdkU MuHMuHzefzef
awG;awm pOf;pm;MuonfrSm tvGef tHhMop&m aumif;vSayonf? Ak'¨bmombufu &J&Jawmuf ckcHaeaom
½Sifr[mAk'äCmoudk usqHk;atmif enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh qJa&;ae Mujcif;omjzpfonf? þtcsufudk MunfhvQif
or®m'd|dokawoe qdkolwdkUonf omoemESifh ywfoufí Ak'¨bmom uG,faysmufa&;udk
tm;xkwfaeMuolrsm; jzpfaMumif; odomvSonf/

tpodkU
54/ ygVd0drkwådr*¾usrf;i,fuav;\ ed'gef;udk ûypkMuaom yk*¾dKvfwdkUu pmwdkUudk aypmESifh

vlajymolajym tcsufwdkUudk rlwnfí r[mt&d|Oywdóax&fonf oD[dkVf a&S;OD;omoemûy
t&Sifr[dE´xHrS&aom enf;Oya'owdkUudk pkpnf;í 0drkwådr*¾ trnfay;um oD[dkVfbmomjzifh
pD&ifxm;aMumif; aemufrS ygVdbmom jyefqdkxm;aMumif; ,if;udk r[m0d[m&0goD &[ef;wdkU
EIwfwufaqmifxm;MuaMumif;udk qdkMu\? þtqdk rnfrQtxd rSefrnfrod&aomfvnf; t½SifAk'äCmowdkU
t½Sif"r®ygvwdkUacwfü awGU&aom tqdktrdefU t,ltqrsm;um; wdrf;apmif; azmufjyefaeaom
tb,*d&d0goDwdkU\ 0g'rsm; jzpfaeMuayonf? xdkUaMumifh r[m0d[m&0goDwdkU\ qDrD;wefaqmif jzpfol
t½SifAk'äCmoonf taMumif;tcsuf jyufjyufxifxif ay:vGifatmifjyum y,fcJh&avonf? odMum;0Suf
Zmwfvrf;onf yg;pyf&mZ0ifrQom jzpfí *E¦0ifajrmuf cHkwnfavmufaom udpö r[kwf&um; pum;vkyfí
ajymqdk ajz½Sif;aezG,f rvdk? 0drkwådr*¾udk enf;rrSD twkrcdk; ax&0g' t½dk;tpOfudkom wifjyxm;aom
0dok'¨dr*fusrf;ûyol t½SifAk'äCmo\ ½dk;om;jzLpif Munfvifaom ÓPftpGrf;aMumifh 0drkwådvrf;ç
0dok'¨dpcef;udk ajzmifhwef;atmif ydkYaqmifvsufom ½Sdayownf;/
tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf;ESifhpyfí pdppfcsuf
]]trSefrSvnf; oû*Ø[fESifh ewfrSDoHCmrSm wapmif;ap;ESifh rsufacs;om jzpf\}}
(ocifjrwfqdkif\ vlao vljzpfjyóem ESm-142)
]]rifhoû*Ø[fqdkwmu cyf½Sif;½Sif;ajym&,if or®m'd|dqdkwJh trSefjrif trSefodzdkU udpöjzpfwJh
OD;pD;w&m;udkawmif rsufajcjywfEdkifwJh 'd|Kyg'gefw&m;awG jzpfvmEdkifw,f}} (vlaovljzpfjyóem-144)
]]'dkU vlawGudk tJ'D uHedrdwfç ur®edrdwfç *wdedrdwfqdkwJh tJ'Doû*Ø[fbHkydkif;u[meJY tvSnfhtywf
tvdrfcHae&wm MumyaumuGm? tJ'DedrdwfawG ig tvum; ajywm r[kwfygbl;uGm? tbd"r®m 7-usrf;
pvHk;xJrSm ½Smcsifwdkif;½Smyg? b,fae&mrS ygwm r[kwfbl;}} (vlaovljzpfjyóem-146)
apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm; þ½Hk;awmfodkU wifjyxm;aom oufaocH pmtkyfpmwrf;trsm;xJu
ocifjrwfqdkif\ vlaovljzpf jyóemwpftkyfxJrSmyif oû*Ø[fq&mudk vufñld;xdk;í Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk
rawmfrw&m; oa&mfapmf um;xm;csuf tawmfrsm;rsm;ygonf? Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk odu©mcsvdkí
t½SiftEk½k'¨gudk a½SUwrf;wif ]]Aef;jy}} r[kwf w½kwf tykyfcsvdkufyHk erlemrQ azmfjyvdkufonf/
56/ t½SiftEk½k'¨g\ tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf;um; i,fyifi,faomfvnf; wu,fxda&mufç
tbd"r®m 7-usrf;vHk;udk odrf;usHK;í aESmufEdkifavmufatmif *kPfajrmufaom usrf;uav; jzpfonf/
“The Abhidhammatthasanghaha is the most authoritative of thesese there texts. In this short
manual, the Abhidhamma doctrine of the Mahavihara sect is very clevery condensed the book may be
said to represent the highest peak the of doctrinal development of Abhidhamma”.
Encyclopaed 1A of Buddhism Buddhism Fascicule; A-ACA pp.79-80

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf;uav;onf tEk½k'¨ga&; o*F[ç y&rw¬0dedpä,ç emr½lyy&dapä' 3-usrf;wGif
tcdkifrmqHk; usrf;jzpfonf? þvufpGJ usrf;i,fuav;wGif r[m0d[m&edum,BuD;\ tbd"r®m
oabmw&m;rsm;udk tvGefusifvnfEdkifeif;pGm oyfoGif;jznfhodyfí xm;onf? þpmtkyfuav;udk
tbd"r®myd#u\ "r®a&;&m tjrifhqHk;tqifhtxd wifjyEdkifaom pmtkyf[k qdkEdkifygonf/
(Ak'¨"r®pG,fpHkusrf; twGJ? at-tp? ESm-79-80)
“It is interesting to mote what the says in the Namarupaparicheda, that he composed the work
according to the commentaries of the Mahavihara”.
emr½lyy&dapä'usrf;ü r[m0d[m&edum,rS t|uxmrsm;ESifhtnD þusrf;udk ol pD&ifaMumif;

qdkxm; onfudk rSwfzdkUaumif;onf? Pali Literature of Ceylon (oD[dkVf ygVdpmayrsm;) pmtkyfü a'gufwm
rmvmvmaqu& u qdkonf? tcsKyfajym&vQif o*F[usrf;uav;onf tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk
udk,fpm;ûyonf? r[m0d[m&edum, (ax&0g'*dkPf;)BuD;rS t|uxm#DumBuD;rsm;udk rSDí a&;onf? ol\
twåaemrwdjzifh wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ a&;onfr[kwf? atmufajcrS xdyfqHk; a&mufatmif
tbd"r®moabmw&m;rsm;udk ûcHí a&;onf[k qdkvdk\? ,if;odkUqdkvQif t½SiftEk½k'¨gudk? odkUr[kwf ol\
oû*Ø[fusrf;udk bmrQ tjypfwifaezG,f odu©mcsaezG,f rvdk? t|uxm#DumBuD;rsm;? ,if;wdkUrSwpfqifh
ygVdawmfudkom owåd½Sd½SdESifh Challenge vkyfzdkU pdefac:zdkUom ½Sdavonf/
ocifjrwfqdkifu ol\ vlaovljzpfjyóempmtkyf ESm-149? 150-ü ]]Armtac: vufoef;ac:
oû*Ø[f 9-ydkif;udk ½SiftEk½k'¨gonf tdE´d,jynfawmifydkif; Kancipura aupdyl&½Sd wrÁm&|ausmif;wGif
oGm;a&muf ynmavhvmpOf a&;onf[laom tydk'fodkU a&mufvm\/
þae&modkU a&mufaomtcg q&mawmf (OD;Ouú|)u &yfcdkif;vdkufNyD; ]]udkif; rif; ½SiftEk½k'¨g[m
jAm[®P Ak'¨bmomausmif;rSm aeNyD; ynmoifw,f? 'DoN*ØK[f 9-ydkif;udkvJ tJ'D aupdyl&rSmyJ a&;w,fvdkU
qdkwm awGUyvm;}}
]]uREfkyfonf oufjyif;csvdkuf\? oû*Ø[faemufydkif;wGif tb,f aupdq&mwdkUu tb,fodkU
aumuf,lonf? tb,f aupd0g't& b,fodkUqdkonf paom rSwfcsufrsm;udk awGU&onfudk jyefvnf
pOf;pm;rdvmonf? tdE´d,jynfwGif rlvAk'¨w&m;awmfrsm;rSm jAm[®Pt,lw&m;rsm; wpfpwpfp
a&mESmvmojzifh wjznf;jznf; cRwfacsmf wdrf;yg;vmonfwGif ouú&mZf 700-at'DrS tpûyNyD; vHk;0
aysmufuG,fcJh&onf? ,ck ½SiftEk½k'¨g oû*Ø[f 9-ydkif;udk a&;aom aupd0g' xGef;um;&m tcsdefudk
Munfhvdkufaomtcg c&pfouú&mZf 12-&mpkyif ausmfpûycsdef a&mufaeNyDjzpfí rlvAk'äcwfESifh ESpfaygif;
1600-ausmfrQyif uGmvSrf;aomumv jzpf½Hkru tE´d,jynf uGefcsD0&rfü Ak'¨0g'Dysuf jAm[®P0g'
tBuD;tus,fvGrf;rdk;csdefodkUyif a&mufaeNyDudk awGU&acsNyD}} [l í pk'dwuwdkUu a&;om;xm;onf/
tpodkU
57/ a'gufwmrmvmvmaqu&\ oD[dkVfygVdpmay pmtkyf-173 udk Munfhvdkufaomtcg-
“Both works were written while the author was residing at Kancipura in the Tambarattha, as
he says in the colophon or nigamana of the Paramattha Winicchaya.”
]]emr½lyy&dapä'ESifh y&rw¬0dedpä, 2-usrf;udk uÍödyl&ç wrÁ&|-ü aexdkifpOf a&;onf[k

y&rw¬0dedpä,usrf; ed*Hk;wGif qdkxm;aMumif;}} udk awGU&\? uÍödyl&ü a&;aom oû*Ø[f 9-ydkif;
r[kwfacswum;? y&rw¬0dedpä, ed*Hk;ü
aoa| uÍöd0a& &a|ç uma0&d e*a& 0a&/
ukav oÍÆwblaweç A[kókawe ÓPdem/
tEk½ka'ë axa&eç ted½k'¨,oódem?
wrÁ&a| 0oaEÅeç e*a& wÍö emrau/
y&rw¬H yumaoEÅHç y&rw¬0dedpä,H/
yu&PH uxH aweç y&rw¬w¬ a0'dem/
[lí qdkxm;onf
jrefrmjyef
]]uÍöd0&rnfaom wdkif;? uma0&drnfaom ûrdU? jrwfaom trsdK;aumif;ü zGm;jrifBuD;yGm;aom
tEk½k'äx&fonf wrÁ&|wdkif; wÍörnfaomûrdUü aepOf y&rw¬0dedpä,usrf;udk a&;onf}} tusOf;teuf
þodkUxGuf\? uma0&dü oû*Ø[fudk a&;jcif;r[kwf? y&rw¬0dedpä,udk a&;aMumif; þed*Hk;u
oufaotaxmuftxm; tcdkiftrm jyvsuf½Sdonf? OD;Ouú| q&mwynfh 2-OD;wdkUu oû*Ø[fudk uÍödyl&ü
a&;owJh? rSm;rSrSm; jzpfygay\/
58/ emr½lyy&dapä'usrf; ed*Hk;ü ,if;usrf;udk b,fae&mrSm a&;onf qdkonfudk wdkuf½dkuf
rqdkbJ oG,f0dkufí þodkU qdk\/
r[mar½kedbH a*[Hç r[mapwd,blodwH/
r[m0d[m&rm½kV-r[maAm"dr[kó0H/
tvuFmwHk ya[mEÅmvHç pd&umvH wayg"em/
vuFm'Dyó vuFm&Hç uvuFmy*wmv,H/
jrefrmjyef
jrif;rdk&fawmifBuD;ESifh wlaom r[mapwDjzifh wefqmqiftyfaom r[maAm"dyGJawmfBuD;odkU
wufa&muf&mjzpfaom vuFmuRef;\ tqifwefqm jzpfaom tjypfuif;aom olawmfaumif;wdkU\
ae&mjzpfaom (r[m0d[m&H a*[H/) r[m0d[m& rnfaom ausmif;wdkufBuD;udk &[ef;awmfrsm;onf
pGrf;pGrf;wrH Mum½Snfav;jrifh wefqmqifjcif;iSm pGrf;EdkifMuygap? þpum;jzifh
tpodkU
r[m0d[m&ausmif;wdkufBuD;rSm aeí þpmudk a&;jcif;jzifh igonf r[m0d[m&ausmif;wdkufBuD;udk

wefqmqifouJhodkU tjcm; &[ef;awmfwdkUonfvnf; pmayydkUcsjcif; usrf;pma&;jcif;jzifh
þausmif;wdkufBuD;udk wefqmqifEdkifMuygap[k tmoDoykAÁued*Hk;udk tEk½k'¨gqdkavonf/
a'gufwmrmvmvmaqu&-u oû*Ø[fusrf; b,frSma&;onf[k rqdkcJh? o*F[usrf; ed*Hk;ü-
pm&dwåaombdw0domvukavm'a,e?
o'¨gbd0k¹ky&dok'¨*kaPm'a,e?
erÜ0Sa,e yPd"m, y&mEkurÜH/
,H yw¬dwH yu&PH y&ded|dwH wH/
jrefrmtusOf;
erÜrnfaom 'g,umonf olwyg;wdkUudk oem;MuifemrIudk aqmufwnfí awmif;yeftyfaom
o*F[ usrf;onf NyD;qHk;cJhayNyD/
yane awe 0dykave wkrlvaomrH?
"nm"d0gork'dawm'dwrm,kuEÅH/
ynm0'gw*kPaombdwvZÆd bdu©L?
ynEÅK ykn0dba0g',r*Fvm,/
jrefrmjyef
BuD;rm;aom xdkaumif;rIaMumifh ynmjzifh jzLpifaom *kPfwdkUjzifh wifhw,faom vZÆD&[ef;wdkUonf
bkef;uH½SdolwdkU\ wnf&mjzpfí oDv ponfwdkUjzifh tjrJwdk;wufaeaom rlvaomrausmif;wdkufBuD;udk
yknorÜwådjzifh wdk;wufjcif; r*Fvm jzpfygap&ef toufxufqHk; (rnEÅK) tm½kHûyum
apmifha½SmufawmfrlEdkifMuygap? þüvnf; a½S;enf;twdkif;yif rlvaomr (tEk&m"ûrdUawmf? oD&dvuFm)
ausmif;wdkufrSmaepOf þo*F[usrf;udk a&;jcif;jzifh rlvaomrausmif;wdkufBuD;udk yknorÜwåd
r*FvmtusdK;iSm ig apmifha½Smufovdk vZÆD&[ef;wdkUonfvnf; ighenf;wl apmifha½SmufEdkifMuygap-[k
tmoDoykAÁued*Hk;jzifh (b,frSm aeí þusrf; a&;onf [lonfudk) t½SiftEk'¨g jyawmfrlcJhayonf/
59/ þodkUqdkaomf wrÁ&|wdkif;udk wrÁ&|ausmif;[k ocifjrwfqdkifwdkU q&mwynfhu
qdkjcif;rSm [kwf rSefyg\avm? rrSefay? ]]rifh ½SiftEk½k'¨g[m jAm[®PAk'¨bmomausmif;rSm aeNyD;
ynmoifw,f? 'Doû*dØ[f 9-ydkif;udkvJ tJ'Daupdyl&rSmyJ a&;w,fvdkUqdkwm awGUyvm;}} þodkU OD;Ouú|u
ajymonfhtaejzifh a&;om;xm;&m onftwdkif;rSefvQif jAm[®P0g'awG oû*Ø[fxJ xnfha&;xm;onf[k
ajymvdkNyD oû*Ø[fudk y,fvdkaomaMumifh OD;Ouú| xGifvdkufjcif; jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;aeavNyD/
apmVwdkif; um0d&y¥e-[k a½S;u ac:cJhMuaom uma0&DjrpfteD;rSm wnf½SdaomaMumifh
uma0&DûrdUwGifaom ûrdUawmfç xdkûrdUawmf\teD; Conjeveram uGef*sD0&rfü arG;zGm;BuD;jyif;cJhol
t½SiftEk½k'¨gonf wrÁ&| wdkif; Tanjore [k ,ck ac:aeMuaom wÍöûrdUü aepOf y&rw¬0dedpä,udk a&;onf?

tpodkU
tdEd´,rSma&;aom þusrf;rSm oû*Ø[fr[kwf? y&rw¬0dedpä,om jzpfonf? ,if; y&rw¬0dedpäüvnf;

jAm[®P0g' ryg? Ak'¨0g'awGudkyif ]]wapmif;ap;ESifh rsufacs;yrm}} rdrdwdkUESifh rwnfhaomaMumifh
jAm[®P0g' wHqdyf wyfvdkufjcif;om jzpfonf? oD[dkVfuRef; r[m0d[m&ausmif;wdkuf
rlvaomrausmif;wdkufBuD;ü aeí r[m0d[m&edum,BuD;\ t|uxm#Dumrsm;ESifhtnD a&;ygonfqdkaom
t½SiftEk½k'¨gudk MuHMuHzefzef jAm[®P0g'awG xnfhoGif;a&;om;xm;onf[k pGyfpGJjcif;rSm OD;Ouú|wdkUonf
½kyf0g'wnf;[laom ta&mifysuf rsufrSefaMumifh tjrifysuf tjrifrSm; azmufjym; ajcmufcsm;aejcif;om
jzpfonf[k qdk&ayrnf/
¤if;jyif uÍödyl&udk aupdyl& toHzvS,fNyD; aupd0g'awG[m uÍödyl&çu jAm[®P0g'awGyJ-[k
xifjrifum ocifjrwfqdkif oufjyif;csrIum; rSm;,Gif;vSaom oufjyif;csrIaywnf;? "r®od&d paom
ax&fwdkU\ 0g'udk aupd0g'[k rSwfMu&monf? uÍöyl&udk aupdyl&[k b,folurQ rac:aMumif;
aupd0g'ESifh uÍödyl& b,fvdkrQ roufqdkifaMumif; ocifjrwfqdkifwdkU jyifqif rSwfMu&monf/
OD;Ouú|ESifh wynfhom0uwdkU y,fxm;Muaom uH ur®edrdwf

*wdedrdwfESifh pyfí pdppfcsuf
60/ Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf Amvy@dwokwfü þodkU a[mawmfrl\/
yke py&H bdu©a0 AmvH yDXorm½kVH 0g rÍÆorm½kVH 0g qrm,H 0g aormeH ,medó ykaAÁ
ygyumed ur®med uwmed uma,e 'kpö&dwmed 0gpm, 'kpö&dwmed reom 'kp&ö dwmed? wmedó wrSd
ora, MovrÁEÅd taZÑmvrÁEÅd tbdyÜvrÁEÅd? ao,sxmyd bdu©a0 r[wH yAÁwul#meH qm,m
om,ESor,H yx0d,m MovrÁEÅd taZÑmvrÁEÅd tbdyÜvrÁEÅd/ (r? 2? 203/)
&[ef;wdkU aemufxyf wpfrsdK;um xdkaovkeD;yg; acsmufcsm;íaeaom vlrdkuftm; Oyrmtm;jzifh
naecsrf;tcsdefrSm awmifBuD;wdkU\ t&dyfrsm;onf ajrjyifü vmí xifouJhodkU a½S;a½S;u ûycJhzl;aom
um,uH raumif;rIç 0dpDuH raumif;rIç raemuH raumif;rIwdkUonf xdkifcHkü jzpfap ckwifü jzpfap
ajrüjzpfap ae&pOf xdktcgü wGJvsm;usouJhodkU xm;í xifMuukef\/ y/ xdkvlrdkufonf udk,f EIwf
pdwfjzifh raumif;rIudk ûyusifhcJhí (ûyusifhcJhaomaMumifh) cE¨mudk,f ysufuGJí aoyGJodkU 0ifa&mufaomtcg
i&JodkU usa&muf&\/ (jrefrmcsHK; jyefxm;onf)/
þum; aocgeD;tcgüvnf;aumif;ç raorD 'ku©qif;&J tusyftwnf;BuD;pGm usa&mufaom
tcgüvnf;aumif; Amvowå0gtm; xdkuHtm½Hkrsm; xifwwfyHkudk jyaom Ak'¨pum;awmf pifppfwnf;?
rSefvS\? owå0gwpfOD; wpfa,mufonf tukodkvftrI wpfckckudkjzpfapç aumif;rI aumif;&m
pdwfcsrf;omzG,f wpfckckudkjzpfap ûyvkyfxm;rdygvQif xdkuH xdktvkyfonf olUpdwfü tm½Hktjzpfjzifh
rMumrMum ay:vmavh½Sdonf? xdktm½Hkonf aocgeD;rSom ay:vmwwfonf r[kwf? raorDcP
tcsdeftcgoifhwdkif; oifhwdkif; ay:vmavh½Sd\? Oyrm &mZ0wfrIwpfckck ûyvkyfxm;rdaom oltzdkU

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xdk&mZ0wfrIBuD;onf t&dyfyrm aemufuvdkufí ajcmufvSefU aeouJhodkU ½Sd\? trSwfxifxif

aumif;rIwpfckck ûyvkyfxm;aom oltzdkUvnf; 0rf;ajrmufzG,f tm½HkwpfckckESifh awGUwdkif;awGUwdkif;
xdkaumif;rIay:vmavh ½Sdonf? xdkOyrmtwdkif;yifwnf;? xdkuJhodkU ay:vmaom xdkuHtm½Hkonf uHudk
ûypOfwkef;uuJhodkUyif pdwftpOfü xifvmwwfayonf? aocgeD;rS ûyvkyfaomuH jzpfygrl xdkuHuyif
y#doaEüsdK;ay;avawmh&m xdkuHrsdK;udk tmoEéuH[lí ac:onf? xdkUaMumifh r[mur®0db*F Oy&dyPÖmo
okwfü þodkU a[mawmfrl\/
ykaAÁ0gówH uwH a[mwd ygyur®H 'ku©m a0'eD,H? ypäm0gówH uwH a[mwd ygyur®H
'ku©a0'eD,H? r&Pumav0gó a[mwd rdpäm'd|dorwåm orm'dEém? awe aom um,ó ab'g
y&r®&Pm tyg,H 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆwd/ (r? 3? 257/)
jrefrmtusOf;
]]xdkowå0gonf raorD a½SUtzdkU (qif;&Japwwfaom) tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfNyD;aomfvnf;
jzpf&m\? aemufydkif;usrS ('ku©a0'eD,) tukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfNyD;aomfvnf; jzpf&m\? odkUr[kwf
aocgeD;umvusawmhrS (uyfí) rSm;,Gif;azmufjyef rrSefaom t,ludkaomfvnf; pGJjrJpGm ,lrdav&m\?
xdkuHaMumifh xdkowå0gonf aoaomf i&JodkU usa&muf&awmh\}}
þygVdawmfrsm;t& aocgeD; uH ur®edrdwf ponf xifaMumif; odtyfayonf/
y|mef;ygVdawmfü a[mawmfrlyHk
]]tJ'DedrdwfawG ig tvum; ajymwm r[kwfbl;uGm? tbd"r®m 7-usrf; pvHk;xJ½Sm ½Smcsifwdkif;
½Smyg? b,fae&mrS ygwm r[kwfbl;” [k OD;Ouú|u &J&J0Hh0Hh qdkjcif;onfvnf; tbd"r®m 7-usrf;udk
ESHUpyfatmif roifzl;íaomfvnf;aumif;? oifzl;apumrl aocsmaphpyfpGm t"dyÜm,f
r,lqwwfíaomfvnf;aumif; olUwynfhawG&JU txifBuD;rIudk cH&atmif [kwfonfjzpfap?
r[kwfonfjzpfap cyfwnfwnf vdrfnmxm;jcif;om jzpfonf? y|mef;ygVdawmf xdkxdk0db*F0g&
tm&r®Pypönf;ü a[mMum;tyfaom r&PmoEé0Dxd\ tm½Hk? y#doE¨0Dxd\ tm½Hkrsm;onf xdk uH?
ur®edrdwf? *wdedrdwftm½Hkrsm;yif jzpfayonf? tenf;rQ xkwfjyOD;rnf/
aocgeD; yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufonf a½S;u rdrdûycJhzl;aom ukodkvfuHudk ESvHk;oGif;tm½Hkûyí
aooGm;NyD;aemuf ok*wd b0wpfckckü y#doaE¨wnfaecJhrl xdkol\ b0a[mif;u
r&PmoEéukodkvfaZmrsm;onf a½S;uûycJhonfh ukodkvfuH tm½Hkudk tm½HkûyMu\/
þteufoabmudk-
(1) ]]ukoavm "ar®m ukovó "r®ó tm&r®Pypöa,e ypöa,m? 'geH 'wGm oDvH
orm'd,dwGm Oaygoxur®H uwGm wH ypöa0u©wd? ykaAÁ okpdPÖmed ypöa0u©wd}}
(tbd? p/ (y|me-y)132/)

tpodkU
[laom ygXfjzifh jyawmfrlonf/

jrefrmjyeftusOf;
ukodkvfw&m;u ukodkvfw&m;tm; tm&r®Powådjzifh aus;Zl;ûy\? tvªay; oDvaqmufwnf
OykofapmifhoHk;NyD;vQif xdkukodkvfudk jyefvnfpOf;pm; ESvHk;xm;rdí pdwfxJrSm ay:vmvQif
ukodkvfuHwpfckcku ukodkvfwpfcktm; tm&r®Powådjzifh aus;Zl;qufay;vdkufonf/ a½S;tcgu
avhusufûyvkyfcJhonfh tavhaumif; trltusifhaumif;wdkU pdwfxJü ay:vmvQif xdkaumif;rIrsm;u
ukodkvfuHwpfcktm; tm&r®Powådjzifh aus;Zl;qufay;vdkufonf/
xdkol\ b0opf y#doaE¨pdwf b0ifpdwfwdkUonf a½S;b0 r&PmoEéaZm ,lay;tyfaom
ukodkvfuHtm½Hkudkyif tm½Hk ûyMu\? þteufoabmudk-
(2) ]]ukoavm "ar®m tAsmuwó "r®ó tm&r®Pypöa,e ypöa,m}}[laom ygXfjzifh
jyawmfrlonf/ (tbd? 8/ (y|me-y)133/) (y|me)
þum; uHtm½HkxifyHk t>rufwnf;/
twdwf ur®edrdwfxifyHk
yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufonf aocgeD;ra&mufcif a½S;tcgu apwDawmfudk zl;ajrmfcJh\/ xdkyk*¾dKvf
aocgeD;aomtcgü xdk apwDawmfwnf;[laom ur®edrdwf½lyg½Hkonf pdwftpOfü xifay:vmavonf/
xdktm½Hkudk tm½Hkûyí pkawNyD;aemuf ok*wdb0wpfckckü y#doaEäecJhrl xdkol\b0a[mif;u
r&PmoEéukodkvfaZmonf apwDawmfwnf;[laom ur® edrdwf½lyg½Hkudk tm½Hkûy\/ þteufoabmudk-
(3) ]]tAsmuawm "ar®m ukovó tm&r®Pypöa,e ypöa,m}}[laom ygXfjzifh jyawmfrlonf/
(tbd? 8/ (y|me-y)135/) (y|me)
xdkol\ b0opf y#doaE¨pdwf b0ifpdwfwdkUonf a½S;b0u r&PmoEéaZm ,lay;tyfaom
apwDawmfwnf;[laom ur®edrdwf ½lyg½Hkudkyif tm½HkûyMu\/
þteufoabmudk-
(4) ]]tAsmuawm "ar®m tAsmuwó "r®ó tm&r®P ypöa,e ypöa,m}}[laom ygXfjzifh
jyawmfrlonf/ (tbd? 8/ (y|me-y)134/) (y|me)
o'´g½Hkur®edrdwf ponf xifyHkudkvnf; þenf;twl rSwf,lMu&m\/
ypöKyÜef ur®edrdwfxifyHk
yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf aocgeD;tcgü rdbaqGrsdK; rdwfo*F[wdkUu yef;paom ylaZmfzG,frsm;udk ,lvmí
]]þyef; paom ylaZmfzG,frsm;udk bk&m;tm; vª'gef;ylaZmfyg}}[k ajymMu\/ vlrrmuvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
&nfrSef;í yef; paom ylaZmfzG,fwdkUjzifh ylaZmfavonf/ ukodkvfaZmrsm; txyfxyf apmaeavonf/

tpodkU
xdkukodkvfaZmrsm;um; b0opf y#doaEüdsK;udkay;rnfh tmoEéuHrsm; jzpfMu\/ ,if;

ukodkvfaZm0Dxdrsm;ESifh wqufwnf;yif pu©K'Gg&ur&Pm- oEé0Dxd usí pkawoGm;\/ xdktcg
aocgeD;0,f yef;ponf ylaZmfcJhaom tmoEéuH ukodkvfapwemu ememu©Pdu ur®owådjzifh 'kwd,b0ü
y#doaE¨ emru©E¨mu#wåm½kyfac:aom twåabm jzpfay:atmif aus;Zl;ûyvdkufavonf/ xdkUaMumifh
y|mef;yO§m0g& ukovwdufü-
(5) ]]ememu©Pdum ukovm apwem 0dygumeH cE¨meH u#wåmp ½lygeH ur®ypöa,e ypöa,m}}
(tbd *(y|me-y)? 154/)
raorD a½S;twdwfb0u ûyvkyfcJhaom ememu©Pdu ukodkvfapwemonf ypöKyÜefb0
xdkowå0goEÅmefü 0dygufcE¨m u#wåm½kyfac:aom twåabmudk jzpfapaomtm;jzifh aus;Zl;ûyavonf[k
a[mawmfrl\/
xkdyk*¾dKvf\ b0a[mif;u r&PmoEé0Dxdü ygaom pu©K0dnmPfonf yef; paom ypöKyÜefur®edrdwf
½lyg½Hkudk tm½Hk ûy\/ þteufoabmudk-
(6) ]]½lyg,weH pu©K0dnmPó tm&r®Pypöa,e ypöa,m}} (tbd *(y|me-y)? 135/)
[laom ygXfjzifh jyawmfrl\/
xkd0Dxdü ygaom r&PmoEéukodkvfaZmwkdUonfvnf; qkdcJhNyD;aom yef; paom ypöKyÜefur®edrdwf
½lyg½Hkudkyif tm½Hkûy Mu\/ þteufoabmudk qkdcJhNyD;aom (3)trSwfjy ygXfjzifh jyawmfrl\/
pu©K0dnmPfESifh aZmrS<uif;aom yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;paom pdwfrsm;ESifh b0opf
y#doaE¨pdwfwkdUonfvnf; qkdcJhNyD;aom yef; paom ur®edrdwf ½lyg½Hkudkyif tm½HkûyMu\/
þteufoabmudk qkdcJhNyD;aom (4)trSwfjy ygXfjzifh jyawmfrl\/
rSwfcsuf/ / uHtm½Hk[lonf ukodkvf tukodkvf ûypOf jzpfaeaom apwemjy|me;faom ukodkvf
tukodkvf pdwftpOfukd ac:onf/ ur®edrdwftm½Hk[lonf xkdapwemESifh pdwftpOfjzpfay:pOfu wGJzuf
taMumif;wpfckjzpfaom yef;? qDrD;? za,mif;wkdif? pm;aomufzG,f paom tm½Hkudk ac:onf/
*wdedrdwfxifyHk
61/ *wdedrdwf[lonf aemufjzpf&rnfh b0opftm½Hkrsm; jzpfonf/ t&yfwyg;odkU
oGm;rnfhol\pdwfxJü rdrd oGm;a&mufrnfh t&yfrS xl;jcm;aom tm½Hk0w¬Kwpfckckonf xifa,mifjrifa,mif
jzpfaewwfonf? Oyrm &efukefûrdUodkU oGm;rnfhol\ pdwftpOfü &efukefûrdU½Sd rdrdwnf;ckdrnfhtdrf?
a½Twd*kHapwDawmf paom tm½Hkrsm; xifay:aewwfonf/ þtwlyif b0wpfyg;odkU vm;a&muf&rnfh
b0opfu tm½Hkrsm;vnf; uH\tpGrf;aMumifh xifvmwwfonf/ vlUbHk a&mufrnfholü eDaom
tqif;½Sdaom trd0rf;a& ponf? ewfjynfa&mufrnfholü ewforD; Adrmef ponf? i&Ja&mufrnfh olü i&JrD;
ponf? wd&pämefjzpfrnfholü awmawmifponf? Nydwåmjzpfrnfholü trdkufarSmif ponfwkdU

tpodkU
xifvmwwfonf/ xkdxifvmaomtcgü-
]]tAsmuawm "ar®m ukovó "r®ó tm&r®Pypöa,e ypöa,m? tAsmuawm "ar®m
tukovó "r®ó tm&r®P ypöa,m}} paom y|mef;ygVdawmft& vm;a&muf&rnfh b0opfu
½lyg½Hk*wdedrdwfonf raem'Gg&du- rPmoEéukodkvfaZm tukodkvfaZmtm; tm&r®Powådjzifh
aus;Zl;ûyay;aeayonf/
xkdaZmaemif pkwdusí b0opfü y#doaE¨pdwfb0ifwkdY jzpfaomtcgüvnf;
xdky#doaE¨pdwfb0ifwkdUonf a½S;b0u r&PmoEéaZm,lay;vdkufaom ½lyg½Hk *wdedrdwfudkyif
tm½HkûyMuonf/ þteufoabmudk qkdcJhNyD;aom (4) trSwfjy ygVdawmfjzihf jyawmfrlonf/
aocgeD; tcsdKUyk*¾dKvfwkdYonf ajrmarhaewwfMu\/ xkdokdY ajrmarhaepOfrSmvnf; uH? ur®edrdwf?
*wdedrdwf tm½Hk wpfckckudk tm½Hkûyvsuf pdwftpOf jzpfNrJ jzpfaeayonf? pdwftpOf rusbJ
jywfpJaeonfr[kwf/
pdwf apwoduf tpOf[lonf tm&r®PrsdK; aMumif;usdK;quf? o[ZmwrsdK; aMumif;usdK;quf?
yka&ZmwrsdK; aMumif;usdK;qufawG rjzpfbJ b,ftcgrQ rae? obm0"r® Own-Being ac:aom
jzpfpOfonfum; owå0gu odonf jzpfap rodonfjzpfap? owdxm;rdonfjzpfap rxm;rdonfjzpfap
jzpfí aeonfomwnf;/
OD;Ouú|onf þuJhodkU odrfarGUav;eufaom tbd"r®m y|mef;ygVdawmfudk
rodem;rvnfaomaMumifh 'DedrdwfawG tbd"r®mckepfusrf;xJrSm rygbl;[k ½Sufp&mpum; cyf<um;<um;
ajymcJhrdonfukd y|mef;pmtkyfudkrQ rzwfwwf½Smaom ocifjrwfqkdifwkdUu 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
vufcH,HkMunfcJhMuayonf? rodrIum; qkd;0g;avpG/
62/ ]]edum,fawGxJu "r®pMumeJU wkdufNyD; a½G;xkwfvdkU&wJh okwfawGxJu 5-okwfavmufyJ
ig udkifxm;vdkufr,f? t|uxm#DumawG ½SdoavmufeJU ighudkwkdufcsifwkdif; wkdufMuprf;ygap?
uRrf;jyefusrukefawmh ighajymuGm}} (OD;Ouú| tajym-vlaovljzpfjyóem-353)
þum; OD;Ouú|u arSmifxJü vufoD;qkyfjyjcif;omjzpf\/ ygVdawmfrsm;uyif
oû*Ø[fq&mbufu &yfaeygNyDaum/ uRrf;axmifusolum; OD;Ouú|om trSefjzpfrnf/
wpfzef-
]]t|uxm#DumqkdwmawGu bk&m;a[mudk rSD;a&;w,fvdkUom qkdwmyJ½Sd&JU Ak'¨bk&m;
a[mwmuav; wpfvHk;udk udk,fvdkwJhteufxifatmif udk,fvkd&m udk,fqGJa&;wJh
oD[dkVfpma&;q&mawG&JU ÓPfawGcsnf;yJ}}
OD;Ouú|onf ocifjrwfqkdif&JU vlaovljzpfjyóem pmtkyf 353-rSm ygwJhtwkdif; ajymonfrSef&if
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bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk ocifjrwfqkdifESifhtwl q&mwynfhESpfa,muf ÓPfeDÓPfeufawGeJU udk,fvdk&m

tpodkU
udk,fqJGa&;Mu ajymMuwmawGum; *Pef;csjyíyif r&Ekdifatmif ½Sdawmh\/

oû*Ø[fq&m\rSD&m jzpfaom t|omvdeDESifh oar®m[0daem'ed tbd"r®mt|uxmBuD; ESpfapmif?
rlv#DumESifh tEk#DumBuD; ESpfapmif ruG,forQ Ak'¨tbd"r®m b,fawmhrQ ruG,fEkdifatmif ygVdawmfawGudk
opöm½Sd½Sd ,kwådrSefrSefESifh t0gt<um; tNzD;tjzef;ryg aocsmpGm zGifhqkdxm;onfjzpfí OD;Ouú|uhJokdUaom
½kyf0g'D taxmiftaomif; todef; toef;wkdUom uRrf;jyefíusrnf rvGJwnf;/
OD;Ouú|ESifh wynfhwkdUonf ZeuuH Oyw¬rÇuuH paom uH? 'd|"r®a0'eD,uH paom uHwkdUudk
ykaAÁuw- a[wk'd|dtrnfay;NyD; y,fcsxm;um oû*Ø[fq&mudk tûywfESHyHkwkdukd a½S;tcef; vlaovljzpf
apm'emtrSwf (2) ü ajz½Sif; qHk;jzwfNyD;jzpfí þae&mü roHk;oyfawmhNyD/
oH*g,em 6-wefukd ayghysufao;odrfatmif a[majyma&;om;csufESifh

pyfí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ pdppfcsuf
63/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU wifjycsuft& OD;Ouú|\ tpGJûywfuJukwfa½Teef;awmf ESm 68-9 ü-
]]olwkdUonf rdrdwkdUESifh oufqkdif&m rkcygXfawmfrsm;udk oH*g,em txyfxyfwifjcif;jzifh
rGrf;rHjyifqif&ef êud;yrf;cJh MuukefNyD/ 'gayr,fvdkU xkdxkd oH*g,emwifyGJwkdUudk t,lonf; acgif;rmaom
wpf,loefyk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;u BuD;pdk; vTrf;rkd;vsuf aewJhtjyif trSm;udk jyifqif&ef xnfhygXfukd Ekwfy,fypf&ef
(0g) ydkzsuf vkdpGuf ûyvkyf&ef pGrf;&nfowåd olwkdUrSm tjynfhtpHkr½Sdjcif;aMumifh olwkdU\êud;yrf;rIrsm;onf
pdwful;tqifhüom pkawcJhMu&avNyD}} þpum;udk awGU&\/
oH*g,emwifjcif;\ &nf½G,fcsufudk plV0gygVdawmfrSwfwrf;wGif t"r®0g'rsm;
acgif;raxmifEkdifatmif? "r®0g'rsm; rwdrf;rapmif; aumif;pGmwnfwHhatmif ½GwfqkdoH*g,emwifMurnf[k
azmfjycJhonf/ xkd&nf½G,fcsuftwdkif;yif yxr? 'kwd, oH*g,emrsm;udk wifawmfrlcJhMuonf/ xkdwGif
yxroH*g,emwGif yg0ifcJhaom ax&fBuD;rsm;ukd 'Dy0if tcef; (4)ü atmufygtwkdif;
rSwfwrf;ûypkxm;cJhMuonf/
*gxm(7)jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmfü "kw0g'DwkdUwGif tawmfqHk;jzpfol t½Sifr[muóyonf
vnf;aumif;? A[kokwyk*¾dKvfwdkUwGif tawmfqHk;jzpfol t½SiftmeE´m? 0de,t&mü
ynm½Sdaom t½SifOygvdonf vnf;aumif;?
("kw0g'Dera*¾g aom? uóayg Zdeomoae? A[kókwmermeaE´m? 0dea, Oygvd
y@abm/)
(8) 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmOft&mü tawmfqHk;jzpfaom t½SiftEk½k'¨g? y#dbmefÓPf xl;vSaom
t½Sif0*Ðo? "r®uxduyk*¾dKvfwkdUwGif tawmfqHk;jzpfol t½SifykPÖ? qef;Mu,faom
w&m;pum;ukd ajyma[mwwfol t½Sifukrm&uóyonf vnf;aumif;?
('dAÁ pu©KrdS tEk½ka'¨g? 0*Ðaom y#dbme0g? ykaPÖm p "r®uxdumeH?

tpodkU
0dpdMuwuxukrm&uóayg/)
(9) tus,fcGJa0 ajzqkd&mü tawmfqHk;jzpfol t½Sifr[mupönf;? y#dorÇd'gt&mü
tawmfqHk;jzpfol t½Sifaum|duonfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;rsm;pGmaom {w'*ft&mü
xm;jcif;cH&ol rax&fBuD;wkdUonfvnf;aumif; yg½SdMuukef\/
(0dbZÆrSd upöm,aem? aum|daum y#dorÇd'g/ tanywåd r[max&m? t*¾edu©dwåum
A[l/)
(10) tqkdyg ax&fBuD;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? olawmfaumif;jzpfMuaom &[ef;udpö NyD;NyD;ol
tjcm; ax&fBuD;wkdUonfvnf;aumif; ig;&maom xkdax&fwkdUonf pkaygif;½Gwfqkdjcif;
ûytyfaom "r®0de,oH*g,emukd ax&0g'[lí qkdtyf\/
(aw[d pan[d axa&[d? uwudapö[d om"l[d/ yÍöoaw[d axa&[d?
"r®0de,o*Fa[m/ axa&[d uwo*Fa[m? ax&0ga'gwd 0kpöwd/)
þ'Dy0HorSwfwrf;t& yxroH*g,emwGif yg0ifaom rax&fBuD;wkdUonf OD;Ouú|uJhodkU
t,lonf;acgif;rmol wpf,loefrsm; r[kwfMuay/ udavomrvdrf; tylNidrf;NyD;aom ax&fBuD;rsm;
jzpfMuayonf/ xkd&[EÅmax&fBuD;rsm; tzkdU twå twåed, jAm[®Pvrf;pOfawGudk
jyefvnftoufoGif;í ax&0g'usrf;pmawGxJ xnfhoGif;zkdU jzpfEkdif rjzpfEkdif pOf;pm;jcif;rûybJ ]]edum,f\
edum,f}} ESm 6-Ak'ömoemhorkdif; acgif;pOfatmufwGifvnf;aumif;? a';'&JûrdU uGif;ausmif;wkduftwGif;ü
pdkufxlxm;aom ausmufpmwkdifwGifvnf;aumif; atmufygtwkdif; rrSefruef a&;xkd;xm;onfudk
awGU&ayonf/
]]þtcsufonf yxroH*g,emwifyGJukd &[ef;awmftcsdKU tm½HkûyawmfrrlaMumif;
xif½Sm;onf/ tb,faMumifhenf;/ twdwf tem*wfw&m;pkrsm; twå twåed, paom
0dnmP0g' jyefygvmaomaMumifh þyxroH*g,em wifyGJü ryg0if&aom usefoHCmawmfwdkUu
t½Sifr[muóypaom ax&fBuD;wkdU oH*g,emwif&m owåyPÖdvdkPf*l\ taemuf
wpf,lZemtuGm yPÖ0vdkPf*lü tûydif oH*g,emwifMujyefonf}} [lí r[kwfrrSef
vkyfBuHa&;om;xm; avonf/
w½kwfrSwfwrf;ü awGU&aom ]yxroH*g,em pifNydKifwifonf} [laom tqkdonf ,kwådr½SdaMumif;
þqHk;jzwfcsuf wpfae&mü pdppfNyD;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,oH*g,emwGif 0de,udk qefUusifbufûyusifhMuaom
&[ef;rsm;\ t"r®0g'D tazmftaygif;udk pkaygif;pnf;½Hk;í tûydifoH*g,emwifaMumif;udkvnf; atmufü
pdppfNyD;jzpfonf/ ,ck wwd, oH*g,emESifh pwkw¬oH*g,emtaMumif;udk pdppfOD;tHh/
64/ OD;Ouú|trª;ûyí a';'&JûrdUü jyKvkyfusif;yaom yÍöedum, "r®omupämtzGJUrS xkwfa0onfh
]]edum,f\ edum,f}} ac: pmtkyf ESm-9 ü atmufygtwkdif; a&;om;xm;\/
Ak'¨0g'onf tewåur®0g' jzpfí [dE´LjA[®P0g'onf twåur®0g'jzpfaomfvnf; tewåESifh

tpodkU
twå[laom tajccH jcm;em;csufukd rsufuG,fûyum ur®0g'[laom wlnDonfh a0g[m&

wpfpdwfwpfa'oudk ,lí [dE´LjAm[®P0g'D bk&m;ESifh Ak'¨0g'Dbk&m; twlwlyif[k
xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfatmif ûyvkyf0g'jzefUMu\/ pmPus paom jAm[®P ynm½SifBuD;rsm;uvnf;
Ak'¨0g'twGif;odkU a&maESmxnfhoGif;um Ak'¨0g'twGif;u0ifí zsufqD;Muavonf/
þwwd,oH*g,emü tûydif[lí xifxif½Sm;½Sm; wif&ef taMumif;ray:awmhay/
tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf taomurif;BuD;u tuGJuGJaom oHCmrsm;\ tvkdodkUvdkufí trsm;êudufjzpfap&ef
pkaygif;NyD; wifvdkufaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
ax&0g'D*dkPf;om;wkdUu rauseyfMuaomfvnf; rif;tmPmaMumifh rqefUusifvdkojzifh
vkdufavsmcJh&\/ þtrSm;\ 'Pfonf tpOftquf omoemorkdif;wpfavQmufü tarGcHcJh&\}}
(a';'&JûrdU uGif;ausmif;wkduftwGif;½Sd ausmufpmwkdifwGifvnf; þpmydk'fudk a&xkd;xm;avonf/)
txufyg OD;Ouú| OD;OaZÆmwduwkdU\ ta&;tom;rsm;onf [kwfonfxufydkí rdrdvdkovdk
qGJ,lum a½S; oH*g,emrsm;udk t½SdeftapmfrJhap&ef apwem,kwfjzifh a&;om;xm;aom ta&;tom;rsm;
jzpfavonf/ taMumif;rlum; wwd,oH*g,em rwifrDumvu ,ck OD;Ouú|wkdYuJhodkU
omoemawmfwGif;odkU rdpäm'd|d t,ltrsdK;rsdK;½SdolwkdU 0ifa&mufum twGif;rSaeí zsufaeapumrl
omoeygvu (omoemapmifh) ax&fBuD;rsm;onf rsufajcjywfrcHbJ omoemawmfudk
umuG,fapmifha½SmufawmfrlcJhaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
65/ rSefvS\- taomurif;BuD; eef;rwufrDuESifh eef;wufNyD;aomtcsdefydkif;
twefMumatmifyif tjyifrS t,l0g' trsdK;rsdK;wkdUjzifh Ak'ömoemawmfukd ykwfcwfxdyg;aeMuaom
jAm[®PwkdUonfvnf;aumif; pm; 0wf aea&; ajyvnfrI r&Muí ta,mifaqmif ouFef;0wf
acgif;&dwfvsuf ajrmufjrm;vSpGmaom Ak'¨wynhfom; &[ef;awmfrsm;Mum;wGif wkd;0ifaexkdifum twGif;rS
zsufqD;aeMuaom tacsmiform; vlwef;pm; trsdK;rsdK;onfvnf;aumif; trSefyif ½SdaeMu\/
xkdtaMumif;udk r[m0ifuvnf;aumif; orEÅygom'duac: yg&mZduPft|uxmuvnf;aumif; ruG,f
r0Suf yGifhvif;pGm a&;om;xm;cJhMu\/
,if;odkU tjyifa&mtwGif;yg tzsuftqD; taESmifht,SufawG ½SdaeMuaomfvnf;
&[ef;awmfwkdUonf trIrJh trSwfrJh aeMuonf r[kwf? b,foif;u tppf b,f[mu twk[k
aumif;aumif;BuD; odawmfrlcJhMu\/ oHCmtrsm; Oykofûyrnf BuHvQif oHCmwkawGu Oykoftdrf
odrftwGif; a&mufESifhaeMu\/ uHBuD;uHi,fwpfckckûyrnf BuHvQif olwdkUt&ifodí ae&m,lESifhMu\/
oHCmawmfrsm;onf tajcrvSyHkudk odaomaMumifh tEÅ&m,f 10-yg;wGif jA[®p&d,\ tEÅ&m,fudk
jrifawmfrlojzifh OykofrûybJ y0g&PmrûybJyif ckepfESpfwkdifwkdif aeawmfrlcJhMu\/ þodkU owdorÜZOf
½SdMuaom &[ef;awmf oHCmawmfrsm;onf jAm[®P0g' rdpämt,lwkdUukd tb,frSmvQif ta&mtaESm
cHMurnfenf;/ owdorÜZOf BuD;rm;awmfrlvSí omoemawmfudk toufESifhxyfwl jrwfEkd;awmfrlMuaom

tpodkU
oHCmhax&f t&d,myk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm; txift½Sm; ½SdawmfrlMuonf/ aemiftcg taomurif;w&m;BuD;onf

tajctaet&yf&yfukd odawmfrlí 0dbZÆ0g'ESifh tnmwdw¬d,0g' uGJjym;jcm;em;atmif oifMum;avhvmum
omoemawmfudk oefU½Sif;atmif tyef;wBuD; tm;xkwfawmfrlcJh&onf r[kwfavm/
66/ bkd;awmf pE´*kwfrif;BuD;vufxufü wkdif;ûyjynfûy bk&ifhtwkdifyifcHjzpfaom
pmPustrwfBuD;onf aum#dvs trnfjzifh tw¬ow¬EkdifiH tkyfcsKyfyHk usrf;BuD;wpfapmif Kautilya's
Arthasastra udk a&;om;cJhonf/ rSef\-,if;usrf; \ t"sm, tcef;(2)ü orP? y&dAÁmZu (Ak'¨0g'D

&[ef;ESifh tjcm;&[ef;) rsm;taMumif;udk a&;om;cJhonf/ t"dyÜm,frSm tqkdyg orP y&dAÁmZuwkdU
tb,fudpörSm yg0ifoifh tb,fae&mü ryg0ifoifh ponfjzifh u@ cGJjcm;csufrsdK;rQom jzpf\/
bmoma&;pnf;ESifh EkdifiHa&;pnf; jcm;ay;jcif;om jzpfonf/ trSefrSm (rEkówd) uJhodkUaom a0'\
tNcHt&Husrf;rsm; acwfrrDawmhí jrefrmEkdifiH rif;wkef;rif;vufxuf a,mtwGif;0efrif;BuD; pD&ifaom
&mZ"r®o*F[usrf;uJhokdU acwfESifhavsmfatmif EkdifiHukd jyifqifa&;usrf;BuD;wpfapmif ûycJhayonf/
omoemawmftwGif;odkU 0ifa&mufaESmifh,SufaMumif; taxmuftxm; bmrQrawGU&aomaMumifh
“Everything is not given for that matter.” 'Dtcsufudk axmufcHonfh oufaor& [lí E.J.Thomas
qkdovdk qkd&rnfom jzpf\/

67/ ]]taomurif;BuD;onf tuGJuGJaomoHCmrsm;\ tvdkodkUvkdufí trsm;têudufjzpfap&ef
pkaygif;NyD; wifvkdufaomaMumifh jzpfonf}} þum; OD;Ouú|ESifh wynhfom0uwkdU tBudrfBudrfa&;om;
apmfum;aeMuaom pum;jzpfonf/ (edum,f\ edum,f ESm-9? Ak'ömoeorkdif;pmapmif tusOf; ESm-
14? a';'&JûrdU uGif;ausmif;wkdiftwGif; pdkufxlxm;aom ausmufwkdif½Sd taemufzufrsufESmrS pm)
taomurif;BuD;onf trsm;têuduf jzpfap&ef ,ckuJhokdU pkaygif;wifvkdufaom taMumif;t&mudk
omoemawmf usrf;rsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? ausmufpmESifhwuG avmuDrSwfwrf;pmtkyfrsm;ü vnf;aumif;
,aeUtxd rawGU&/ ynm½SdwkdU oabmvu©Pmum; xl;jcm;aomtaMumif;t&m uGJvGJaomtcsuf½SdvQif
ckdifvHkaomtukd;tum; taxmuftxm;jyí a&;om;NrJjzpfonf/ OD;Ouú|wkdU\ edum,f\
edum,fpmtkyf? þomoemorkdif;pmwrf;wkdUum; tukd;tum; razmfjy? ighpum; EGm;&? Murf;ydk;ukd
vdyfjzpfatmif pum;Ekdifvk ajym&aom pum;&nfvkyGJrsdK;uJhokdUom jzpf\/ wpfenf; t½l;tESrf; ajymaom
pum;uJhodkUom ½Sdayawmh\/
68/ wpfzefvnf; ]]ax&0g'D*dkPf;om;wkdY rauseyfMuaomfvnf; rif;tmPmaMumifh
rqefUusifvdkojzifh vkdufavsmcJh&\/ þtrSm;\'Pfonf omoemorkdif;wpfavQmufü tarGcHcJh&\}}
[k qkdvdkufao;onf/
t½Sifarm*¾vdykwåwdó uJhodkUaom &[EÅmBuD;rsm;udk apmfum;vdkufaom pum;onfom jzpf\/
"r®r[kwfonfudk "r®[k qkdrnfhtpm; taocHoGm;rnfh t&d,mrsm; jzpf\/ rif;tmPmudk
aMumufaomaMumifh rif;ESifh qefUusif&rSm pkd;í xkdt&d,myk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;onf rawmfrw&m;

tpodkU
ausmufta&ma&m oJta&ma&m oH*g,em wifjzpfcJhMuonf[k qkd&uf qkd0HhonfrSm tvGeftHhMop&m

aumif;vS\/ oH*g,emudpöonf &[ef;awmf oHCmawmfwkdU\ tvkyfjzpfonf/ rif;ESifh rnfodkUrQ
rqkdif/ rif;\taxmuftyHhudk &,ljcif;um; ae&mxkdifcif; qGrf;uGrf;ESifhwuG vHkûcHa&; paom
tjyiftyudpötwGufom jzpf\/ "r® [kwfonf r[kwfonfudk pdppfí þum; "r®? þum; 0de,[k
"r®0de,wkdUudk pdppfNyD;rS aygif;pk½Gwfjcif; oH*g,emwifjcif;onf oHCmawmfwkdU\udpö jzpfonf/
wifNyD;aemufvnf; xkdacwf xkdtcgü ay:aygufíaeaom "r®a&;&m t½IyftaxG;wkdUukd
aemifvmaemufom;rsm;twGuf uxm0w¬Kusrf;BuD;udk a[mxm;awmfrlcJhonf/ þusrf;üay;aom
tqHk;tjzwfwkdUrSmvnf; Ak'¨pum;awmfudk udk,fxnfûyí Ak'äy;awmfrlcJhonfh enf;vrf;twkdif;om
jzpfayonf/ xkdUaMumifh tbd"r®mckepfusrf;wGif wpfusrf;tjzpf pm&if;wifawmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
þaqmif½GufawmfrlcsufrS jzpfyGm;vmaom toD;tyGifhwkdUudk ,aeUwkdifatmif awmifydkif; ax&0g'omoem
rSmomru ajrmufykdif; r[m,meomoemrSmvnf; cHpm;pHpm;vsufyif ½SdMuayonf/ jyóemwpf&yf&yfudk
uxm0w¬K tqkdESifh n§dí qHk;jzwfMu&ayonf/ odkUuavmuf BuD;us,faom aumif;arGBuD;udk qkd;arGBuD;
jzpfav[ef-
]]þtrSm;\ 'Pfonf tpOftquf omoemhorkdif;wpfavQmufü tarGcHcJh&\}}-
[k qkdcJhMu\/ þtqkdonf vlwkdU\ ÓPfrsufpdxJodkU oHo,ESifh trSm;wnf;[laom oJudk
yufvdkufjcif;om jzpf\/ ynm½SdwkdU\ tv,fü tvGef½SufzG,f aumif;avpG/
69/ xkdUjyif oD[dkVfuRef;omoemukdvnf; *kPfodef ysufapvdkaomaMumifh
wwd,oH*g,emwif\ trSm;udk oD[kdVfuRef;u qufícH,lyHk? tdE´d,rS oD[dkVfuRef;odkU *dkPf;trsdK;rsdK;
0ifa&mufvmojzifh ydkrkd½IyfaxG;í oGm;yHk? uRef;om; &[ef;awmfrsm;\ vufcsufaMumifh ,ufcsnfxuf
csKyfcsnfu rsm;aeyHk ponfjzifh [kwfonfxuf tqrwef ydkrkd csJUum;í jrefrmEkdifiHomoemxd *kPfysuf
oa&ysuf zsufqD;vsuf qkdcJhMuonfrSm-
]]oD[dkVfodkU a&mufvmaom yd#uwfonf wwd,oH*g,emrS twnfûycJhaom a'oemrsm;yif
jzpf&m rlvuyif *dkPf;trsdK;rsdK;wkdU\ tqkdtrdefUrsm; t,ltqrsm; a&maxG;,Sufwif yg0ifvsuf ½Sdae?
aemufxyf yd#uwfaqmif pmayynm½SifwkdU\ tzGifh oH0PÖem? t|uxm? #Dum ponfwkdUu
xyfavmif;í uGefUvdkufMujyefojzifh ydkíyif a&maxG;um Ak'¨\ tewå"r®rsm; arS;rSdefcJh&jyefonf}} [k
edum,f\ edum,f ESm(10)ü vnf;aumif;? Ak'ömoemorkdif; ESm(16)ü vnf;aumif;
OD;Ouú|udk,fwkdifESifhwuG tjcm;aemufvkdufwkdU\ yÍöedum,"r®omupämtzGJU0if polwkdU (oGm;ykyfavvGifh)
qkdcJhMuonf/ þae&mü oD[dkVfuRef;om; omoemapmifh omoemûy a½S;q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ Ak'¨
omoemawmfukd toufyrm jrwfEkd;umuG,f apmifha½SmufcJhMuyHkudk tusOf;rQ jyvkdayonf/
70/ bDpD 50 rS 43-txd jAm[®Pwdóckd;olBuD;[k orkdif;wGif xifusef&pfcJhaom
jAm[®PtrsdK;om; wdó olykefBuD;aMumifh oD[dkVfwpfuRef;vHk; rif;ESifhjynfol ½Sifvltrsm;wkdU

tpodkU
tvGeftwd'ku©a&mufí z½dkz&JjzpfaeMupOf tdE´d, awmifykdif;rS wrdvfvlrsdK; olykefacgif;aqmif

ckepfOD;wkdUvnf; oD[dkVfuRef;odkU 0ifa&mufwkdufckduf vk,uf owfjzwfí aepOf rkd;acgifa&½Sm;jcif;?
iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif;[laom ab;&efBuD;uvnf; q,fhESpfESpfMumrQ qufvsufyif usa&mufvsuf ½Sdaeaom
tcsdeftcgjzpfonf/ xkdtcsdefonf wkdif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfvsufaeaom 0¥*grPdrif;yif &ifrqkdif&J
avmufatmif tiftm;enf;yg;aeonfjzpfí a½Smifykef;aeaom tcsdeftcgvnf; jzpfonf/
oar®m[0daem'eDt|uxm tqkdt& odMum;rif;uyif-
]]r[m baEÅ OyÜaEé apma&m e ouúm y#dAm[dwHk? oHaCm y&ork'´H *päwk? t[H
ork'´g&u©H u&dómrd}} (tbd-|? 2/ 427/)
t½Sifbk&m;wkdU ,ckjzpfay:aeaom ckd;om;olykefukd wynfhawmf rwm;qD;Ekdifyg/ oHCmawmfrsm;
ork'´&mwpfbuf tdE´d,odkU <uawmfrlMuyg/ wynfhawmfu ork'´&mtwGif;rSm ab;roD &efrcatmif
apmifha½Smufygrnf}} [k avQmufxm;&ayonf/ þrQavmuf wkdif;oljynfom;vltrsm;wkdU
uHqkd;rkd;arSmifusvsuf½SdpOf omoemawmfonfvnf; axmufyHhrnfhol ulnDrnfh'g,umr½Sdí
tvGefrsufESmyef;rvS atmufwef;usaomtajctaeodkU a&mufíaeqJjzpfaom tcgBuD;yif/
omoeygvu (omoemapmifh) rax&fBuD;rsm;\ tajrmftjrifBuD;pGmjzifh apmifha½SmufyHkudk ½Iygavmh/
71/ aomif;ESpfaxmifcefY oHCmawmfwkdUonf tdE´d,bufodkU ul;oGm;í a&Munf&m
0rf;jynhf&mt&yfü avsmfovdk aeMu&pOf usefcJhaom ajcmufusdyfrQaom&[ef;awmfwkdUonf igwkdY
toufESifhudk,fwnfNrJorQ igwkdUaqmifíxm;aom t|uxm#DumESifhwuG ygVdawmfrsm;udk wpfvHk;wpfavQ
tustayguf t,dktzdwf r½Sd&atmif tpGrf;ukef apmifhxdef; Murnf[k oEéd|mef ckdifckdifcsvsuf &orQaom
toD;? tacguf? t½Gufwnf;[laom tm[m&jzifh rQwawmfrlvsuf xkdifEkdifaomtcsdeftcg
xkdifívnf;aumif;? rxkdifEkdifavmufatmif yifyef;vmaomtcg tdyfívnf;aumif; þyd#uwf
pmayrsm;udk tprStqHk; tqHk;rStp acgufwHkUacgufjyef tzefzeftxyfxyf pdwfrSwfjzifhyif
jyefvSefoHk;oyfawmfrl Mu&onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif vlwkdUu r,fZ,foD;tqHrsm;udk cRwfí
tcGHukdypfoGm;Mu&m xkdtcGHukdyif tuyfcHí a&pdrf um bkOf;ay;awmfrlMu&onf/
ukrkj'mMumyef;awGudk cl;qGwfMuí MumpG,fMum&if;rsm;udk vlwkdU pGefUypfcJhMu&mwGifvnf; tuyfcH
aq;aMumí oydwfxJxnfhum bkOf;ay;awmfrlMu&onf/ ½GwftHo&ZÑ,fawmfrlaeMuaom
&[ef;awmfrsm;tm; qufuyfum rQw apMu&onf/ csifa½G;yif awmiSufaysmyif tcGHtacgufrsm;udk
bkOf;ay;awmfrlMu&onf/ þuJhokdU cE¨mur®Z½kyfukd rysufrpD;ap&ef wpfbufrS xdef;vsuf
yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk arhavsmhaysmufysufí roGm;ap&ef apmifhxdef;awmfrlcJhMu&avonf/
tEk&m"ûrdUawmfü½Sdaom ausmif;taqmufttHkrsm;onfvnf; usD;ESifhzkwfzkwf ½Sdaeawmh&m tpma&pm
&Ekdifaom ae&modkU vlrsm;ajymif;a½TUoGm;Muaomtcg &[ef;awmfrsm;onfvnf; xkdausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;udk
pGefUypfum vlwkdUajymif;a½TU&m awmifay:a'orsm;odkU vkdufygajymif;a½TUMu&onf/ aeUbufwGif

tpodkU
t&dyfaumif;aom ae&mrsm;ü aeckdí nbufwGif oJaomifurf;ajcrsm;ü qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;'Pfukd

tat;"mwfjzifh ajzazsmufí atmifhtnf; onf;cHum aeawmfrlcJhMuonf/ jrifhjrwfaom
ESvHk;oGif;tm;avsmfpGm pmayrsm;raysmufa&;udk rnfrQta&;ay;awmfrlcJhMuonfukd awG;í MunhfvQif
tvG,fESifhyif odEkdifavmufayonf/
72/ iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif;ab;aMumifh vla&m&[ef;yg aoqHk;uG,fvGefMuonfhteuf
udk,fhwm0efESifhudk,f yd#uwfudk aqmifawmfrlcJhMuaom rax&fBuD;rsm; tajrmuftjrm;yif uG,fvGef&mwGif
ygawmfrloGm;Muavonf/ 12-ESpf Mumaomtcg bDpD 29-rS 17-txd 0¥*grPdrif;onf
iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif;ab;tNyD; rkd;av0o &moDOwkrsm; jyefvnfaumif;rGefvmí oD[dkVfuRef;BuD;
wpfuRef;vHk;udk jyefvnfûyjyifa&;vkyfief; vkyfaqmifcsdefusa&mufvmojzifh xD;eef;udk jyef,lum vlrsdK;ESifh
omoemu,fwifjcif;wm0efukd jynfhpHkpGm cH,lavonf/
r[m0Housrf;ü wrdvfvlrsdK; olykefBuD;rsm; 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufjcif;udk urÜnf;rwifcJhaomfvnf;
jAm[®Pwdó ckd;olBuD;ukd ,if;wrdvfolykefrsm;uyif owfjzwfvdkufaMumif; tjcm;oD[kdVforkdif;rsm;t&
od&onf/ wrdvfolykef wpfa,mufu 0¥*grPdbk&if\rdzk&m;BuD; aomrma'0Dukd
o,faqmifíajy;avonf/ tjcm;wpfOD;u jrwfpGmbk&m;\ oydwfawmfukd ,lí auseyfpGm
jynfawmfjyefavonf/ 0¥*grPdrif; xGufajy;wdrf;a½SmifaepOf usef wrdvfig;a,muf wkdUonf
oD[kdVfxD;eef;udk qufumqufum cH,ltkyfpdk;Muonf/ wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;owfí aemufqHk; yÍörajrmuf
wrdvf olykefBuD; usef½Sdaomtcg ,if;udk 0¥*grPdrif;u okwfoifazsmufzsufí wpfEkdifiHvHk;udk
rdrdtmPmatmufodkU odrf;oGif;,lvdkufavonf/
73/ tajctaersm;um; wjznf;jznf; jyefvnfaumif;rGefp ûyvmNyDjzpfí
0¥*grPdtb,rif;onf wkdif;jynfESifh omoemawmfudk xkdufoavmuf ûyjyifcsD;ajr§mufavonf/
tdE´d,jynfrS jyefvmaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onfvnf; rdrdwkdU\ omoema&;vkyfief; wm0efrsm;udk
toD;toD; qufvufaqmif½GufaeMuayonf/ xkdtaMumif;udk Mum;od&aomtcg tqkdyg
ajcmufusdyfaom &[ef;awmfwkdUonf aejynfawmfodkU jyefvmMuí rdrdwkdUaqmifxm;aom yd#uwfudk
tdE´d,jyef &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh ESD;aESmwkdufqkdifí MunfhMuav&m wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ
wdrf;,drf;azmufjyefjcif;r½Sd? yuwdtwkdif; nDñGwfí aeonfukd awGUMu&ojzifh 0rf;ajrmufMunfEl;rIum;
EIdif;,SOfwkdif;wmp&myif r&awmhygacs/
74/ okdU&mwGif yg&mZduPft|uxmü rSwfwrf;wifxm;aom tjzpftysufuav;
wpfckonfum; omoem orkdif;wGif wifvsuf usef½Sdaeayonf/ r[mwdóax&fu r[m&u©dwax&fukd
igh½Sif þrnfaom &[ef;xHrSm r[meda'údk oGm;í oifygav/ oifum; rSwfÓPf tvGefaumif;aomol
jzpfayonf/ r[meda'údk aqmifxm;aom rax&fBuD;rsm;onf ab;qkd;BuD;rsm;wGif vGefawmfrlcJhMuojzifh
aysmufvkeD;yg;jzpfaeaom xkdr[meda'údk oif wm0ef ,lygacs[k qkdum wkdufwGef;avonf/

tpodkU
wynfhawmf roGm;vdkyg/ roif,lvdkyg/ xkdrax&fonf oDvr½Sd? ,kwfrm aom ax&f jzpfygowJh- [lí
jyefvnfavQmufxm;aomtcg igh½Sif oifoGm;íom oif,lavmh/ oif\teD;ü ig xkdifíaernf[kqkdrS
r[m"r®&u©dwax&fonf xkdrax&fxH oGm;íoif,lavonf/ aeUa&mnyg oif,lNyD;onf tqHk;ü
ckwifanmifapmif;atmufrS rmwk*grwpfa,muf xGufvmonfudk jrifaomtcg þtaMumif;aMumifhyif
wynfhawmf þrax&fxHü roif,lvdkcJhjcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;[k jyefí avQmufavonf/ rnfokdU½Sdap xkd
r[m"r®&u©dwax&f\ tm;xkwfrIaMumifh r[meda'óusrf;BuD; raysmufrysufbJ touf0ifí aeojzifh xkd
r[m"r®&u©dwax&frS rsm;pGmaom ax&fBuD;wkdUonf qufvufoif,lum ,if;r[meda'óudk
pOfqufrjywf aqmifxm;awmfrlEkdifMuayonf/ (0d | 2? 274/)
oD[dkVfuRef;wGif tu©&mpmwifí a&;jcif;ESifh

pwkw¬ oH*g,emwifjcif;
75/ ,if;odkUvQif aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom ab;qkd;BuD; êuHêudufvkduf&ojzifh
omoemapmifh ax&fBuD;rsm;onf ]]þenf;twkdif; EIwfvGwfaqmif½HkrQjzifh omoem Mum½Snfwnfrnf
r[kwf/ ayxuf tu©&mwifíxm;rS Mum½Snf av;jrifh wnfawmhrnf}}? þodkU pOf;pm;awmfrlMuonf/
þtaMumif;udk r[m0Ho tcef; 33? *gxmeHygwf 100-1 ü vnf;aumif;? 'Dy0Ho tcef; 20? *gxm 20-
rS 21-üvnf;aumif; þodkU rdefUqkdxm;avonf/
yd#uwå,ygVð p? wó t|uxrÜd p/
rkcygaXe tmaeoHk? ykaAÁ bdu©K r[mrwD/
[með 'doGme owåmeH? w'g bdu©L orm*wm/
pd&|dww¬H "r®ó? aygw¬auok vdcgy,Hk/
jrefrmjyef
BuD;rm;aom ynm½Sdaom &[ef;awmfwkdUonf a½S;tcgu yd#uoHk;yHkESifht|uxmudk
EIwfrS½Gwfqkdjcif;jzifh aqmifcJhMuukefNyD/ xkdtcgü pnf;a0; a&mufvmMuaom&[ef;wkdUonf
owå0gwkdU\qkwf,kwfjcif;udk jrifawmfrlMuí omoemawmf Mum½Snfav;jrifh wnfwHhap&ef aywkdUü
a&;wifapawmfrlMuukefNyD/
76/ þae&mü oD[dkVfuRef; Ak'¨"r®a½S;OD;orkdif; Early History of Buddhism in Ceylon ü
t"dum&rfu yd#uwfudk pwifí a&;om;jcif;\ taMumif;rsm;udk atmufygtwkdif; pm&if;csí jyonf/
(1) oD[dkVfuRef;onf Ak'¨bmom r[kwfaom EkdifiHjcm;om;wkdU\ rjywfrvyf wkdufckdufjcif;?
ab;&efcHae&jcif;? ,if;wkdU atmifjrifrI&aomtcg xkdtcsdefonf Ak'¨"r®twGuf tarSmifxk
usa&mufaom tcsdeftcgjzpfjcif;? xkdonfhtcgrsdK;ü r[m0d[m&paom pmayoif&m
A[kdXmeBuD;rsm;udkyif pGefUypfí xm;&jcif;? ,if;odkU pGefUypfí xm;&ojzifh q&mESifh

tpodkU
wynfhudk tqufjywfoGm;Ekdifjcif;/
(2) jAm[®Pwdóab;&efESifh iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif; ab;&efu EIwfvGwfaqmifcJhonfh
tpOftvmudk tEÅ&m,f½SdaMumif; owday;ouJhodkU ½Sdaejcif;? ,if;okdU tcuftcJ
tusyftwnf;êuH&mtcgrsdK;ü ygVdt|uxmrsm;udk cJcJ,Of;,Of; yifyifyef;yef;ESifh
aqmifxm;Mu&onfudk udk,fawGU awGUêuHvmjcif;/
(3) tcsdefumv Mumanmif;vmaomtcg bmoma&;pdwf"mwf rudef;atmif;ol wm0efrJh
yk*¾dKvfrsm; omoemawmftwGif;odkU 0ifvmMuí yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk wynfhpOfquf
vTJajymif;ay;&ef pdwf0ifpm;rI enf;yg;vmjcif;/
77/ txuftqkdyg taMumif;rsm;aMumifh &[ef;awmfrsm;onf tv,fydkif;jynfe,f tEk&m"ûrdUrS
a0;uGmaom rmwavht&yf\ teD;tem; wpfae&mjzpfaom tmavmu0d[m&ü yd#uwfrsm;udk
ayay:üwifí a&;om;&ef qHk;jzwf awmfrlMuonf/ þae&mü omoemawmftwGuf uHqkd;onf[k
qkdEkdifaom tcsufwpfcsufrSm tkyfcsKyfolbk&if\ pdwfygvufyg tm;ay;jcif;ukd rcH&rIyifwnf;/
xif½Sm;apOD;tHh-tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rS vGwfajrmufí xD;eef;udk jyefí&vmaom
0¥*grPdtb,rif;onf rdrd ajy;vTm;ykef;atmif;aepOftcgü rdrdtm; ulnDapmifha½SmufcJhaom
ukyd*¾v0d[m&ae r[mwdóax&ftm;vnf;aumif;? [rÁK*v’u0d[m&ae wdóax&ftm;vnf;aumif;
aus;Zl;qyfaom taetm;jzifh *sdef;bmom0if *d&dqkdol\ausmif;udk zsufí xdkae&mü
tb,*d&d0d[m&rnfaom ausmif;wkdufBuD; wpfckudk aqmufvkyfí r[mwdóax&ftm; wifvªavonf/
(xkdtcsdefum; c&pfray:rD 29-ESpfcefU[k r[m0Hotvdk cefUrSef;&ayonf) 0¥*grPdrif;\
tjcm;trwfBuD;rsm;uvnf; tjcm;ausmif;rsm;udk aqmufvkyfí wdóax&ftm; wifvªMuonf/
xkdpOfwGif r[mwdóax&fonf 0denf;udk tav;ûyoifhoavmuf rûy? vlwkdUESifh qufqHjcif;rsm;
½Gmt0iftxGufrsm;rIaMumifh r[m0d[m&0goD&[ef;rsm;u ¤if;tm; ESifxkwfvkdufavonf/ odkUaomf
r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufESifh tb,*d&d0d[m& ausmif;wkdufBuD; ESpfwkdufonf xkdtcsdefwGif
0g'a&;&mtm;jzifh uGJjym;rI r½Sdao;ay/
oD[dkVfuRef;ü "r®½kpd*dkPf;ESifh om*vd,*dkPf; jzpfay:vmyHk

78/ "r®½kpd*dkPf;onf 0¥*grPdrif;vufxuf tb,*d&d0d[m&wGif XmecsKyftjzpfjzifh
pwifay:vmcJhonf/ t½Sifr[dEáx&frS qif;oufvmaom ax&0g'udk a½S;OD;pGm xkd;ESufjcif;[k
qkdEkdifonf/ a0g[m&uwdó (eef;wuf at'D- 204) vufxufwGif r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufBuD;ESifh
tb,*d&dausmif;wkdufBuD; ESpfwkdufwkdUonf a0wkvs yd#uwfudk vufcHjcif;ESifhpyfí jiif;cHkrI
jzpfay:vmMuonf/ bmwdutb,rif; (at'D-38-66) vufxufrS pí woD;wjcm;pD ynmoif&ef
XmeBuD;rsm;jzpfcJhMuaom xkdausmif;wdkufBuD;ESpfwkdufonf 0g'a&;&mt,ltq uGJjym;rIaMumifh

tpodkU
wpnf;w½Hk;wnf; r½Sdawmhacs/
79/ a0wkvs[lonfum; taomurif;BuD;vufxuf Ak'ömoemudk zsuf&ef 0ifvmMuaom
a0wkvsykPÖm;wkdU pD&ifa&;om;onfh usrf;jzpfonf/ ,if;udk olwkdUu bk&m;a[musrf;[k
aMunmxm;Mu\/ ax&0g'&[ef;awmfrsm;u xkdusrf;udk Ak'¨0g'ESifh qefUusifonf[kqkdum
vufrcHMuay/ ,if;a0wkvs0g'onf aemiftcg r[m,me*dkPf; 0ifwkdU\ a0ykv’okwåESifh
toGifoP²mef wl[ef½Sdonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / r[m,me pwifay:vmonfh tcsdefudk ynm½Sifrsm;u c&pfouú&mZf yxr&mpk
ESpfpavmuf[k cefUrSef;Muonf/ tóaCmowkdU\ pmayrsm; xif½Sm;acwfpm;vm&m tcsdefudk rSef;í
yxr&mpkESpf[k qkdMuaomvnf; xkdUxufyif apmí ay:vm[ef½Sdonf/
80/ ,if;odkU ausmif;wkdufBuD;ESpfwkduf jiif;cHkrIay:vmaomtcg a0g[m&uwdórif;onf
vufydkufí Munfhraeom awmhay/ uydvrnfaom trwfudk pmayt&yf&yf avhvmapí
tpD&ifcHapaomtcg Ak'¨0g'r[kwfaMumif;od&í a0wkvsusrf;pmrsm;udk &EkdiforQ ½SmazGrD;wkdufaponf/
,if;t,ludk rodromvnf;aumif;? odompGmvnf;aumif; vufcHaom &[ef;rsm;udk ESifxkwfaponf/
od&doCFaAm"drif;udk owfí rif;tjzpf cH,lvmaom a*gVmb,rif; (at'D 309-322) vufxufwGif
tb,*d&dausmif;wkdufü a0wkvst,ltq acgif;axmifvmjyefonf/ Oódvd,wdórnfaom ax&fonf
xkd0g'udk oabmrusí tb,*d&drSxGufcGmcJhNyD; 'u©dP*d&dausmif;odkU oGm;onf/ 'u©P*d&dausmif;odkU
a&mufaomtcg om*vrnfaom ax&fukd acgif;aqmifxm;í om*vd, rnfaom *dkPf;udk zefwD;onf/
odkUaomf ¤if;wkdU\ 0g'ukd trsm;pku vufrcHMuacs/ a*gVmb,rif;onf xkdtaMumif;udk odaomtcg
trSefw&m;0g'udk taotcsm xkwfazmfrnf[k (1) r[m0d[m&? (2) xlyg&mr? (3) £ó&orPm&mr?
(4) a0ó*d&d0d[m&? (5) apwd,0d[m& ausmif;wkdufBuD;ig;wkdufrS ax&fBuD;rsm;udk yifhac:pka0;apNyD;
xkdax&fBuD;rsm;udk qHk;jzwfap&m ,if;a0wkvs0g'onf rdpämt,lom jzpfonf[k tqHk;tjzwf
ay;awmfrlMuí a0wkvs0g'ESifh pyfaom pmtkyfpmayrsm;udk rD;wkdufypfaponf/ ,if;0g'acgif;aqmif
&[ef;ajcmufq,fwkdUudk a½G;aumufí trSwftom;rsm; xifapum wkdif;jynfrS ESifxkwfvdkufonf/
81/ xdktESifcH &[ef;ajcmufq,fwkdYonf tdE´d,awmifykdif; uma0&odkU oGm;a&muf
a½Smifykef;aeMuonf/ uma0& wkdif;om;wkdUu xkd&[ef;rsm;udk tjrwfwEkd; qnf;uyf ukd;uG,fMuonf/
82/ þae&mü "r®½kpd*dkPf; jzpfay:vmyHkudk þodkU odtyf\/ tb,*d&dausmif;ü aeaom
&[ef;trsm;pkonf r[m,met,ltqrsm;ü wdrf;ñGwfMu\/ r[moHCdu*dkPf;om;rsm; jzpfMuaom
tdE´d, yv’m&mrt&yfrS 0ZÆDykwåu &[ef;rsm;\0g'ukd vufcHMuonf/ ½kd;om;ajzmifhpif;aom
ygVdbmomxuf ta&;tzGJUqef;Mu,f ouúwbmomü ydkípdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ xkdpOfwGif "r®½kpdrnfaom
ouúwynm½Sd 0ZÆDykwåu0g'Dyk*¾dKvf\ ajymrIqkdrI t,ltqwdkUukd vufcH&mrS tb,*d&dausmif;ae
&[ef;rsm;udkyif "r®½kpd*dkPf;[lí ac:vmMuonf[k odrSwf&rnf/

tpodkU
83/ uma0&wkdif;odkU a&muf½SdoGm;Muaom &[ef;wkdUwGif jAm[®PtrsdK;om; oHCrdwåqkdol

&[ef;i,fwpfyg; yg0ifonf/ rdrdq&mrsm;txHrS a0wkvs0g'udk oifMum;wwfajrmufcJhonfhtjyif
oD[dkVfuRef;okdUoGm;um tb,*d&d ausmif;wkdufBuD;ukd xkd0g' vufrcHrae&? vufcHatmif
jzefUjzL;a[majymrnf[laom oEéd|mefjzifh ZGJBuD;pGm pmayynmrsm;udk avhvmoifMum;í
oD[dkVfuRef;odkUul;um tb,*d&dausmif;wkdufokdU oGm;a&mufaexkdifavonf/
84/ xlyg&mrausmif;wkdufü bk&ifudk,fwkdif ta&;w,lûyí oHCmrsm;udk pka0;apvsuf
0g'a&;&mrsm;udk ajymqdkapaomtcg tqkdyg oHCrdwåonf r[m0d&0goD&[ef;wkdU\ t,ltqESifh
trltusifhwkdU ½Iwfcsjypfwifum a0wkvs t,ludk bk&ifoabmusavmufatmif trTrf;wifí
ajymjyavonf/ xkdtpnf;ta0;yGJwGif bk&ifhOD;av;awmfol r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufae tb,ax&fvnf;
yg0ifaqG;aEG;onf/ oHCrdwå\t,ltqrsm;ukd zsufqD;í ax&0g'udk ½Sif;vif;ajymjyonf/ odkUaomf
oHCrdwå\ EIwfa&;<u,frI y&d,m,fjynfhpHkrIaMumifh a*g|mb,rif;udk,fwkdif ax&0g'udk qefUusifí
rdpäm0g'bufodkU ygoGm;avonf/ þtBudrfum; oD[dkVfAk'¨0g'orkdif;wGif tkyfcsKyfolESifhwuG &[ef;½Sifvl
tawmfrsm;rsm; ax&0g'udk qefUusifí rdpäm0g'bufodkU yxrqHk; ,drf;,dkifvdkufygoGm;aom tBudrf
jzpfavonf/ r[m0d[m&½IH;yGJ? oHCrdwå atmifvHpkdufyGJ[k qkdEkdifonf/ r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufBuD;onf
at'D ig;&mpk ESpfxuf0ufwkdifwkdif trSefw&m;bufrS tapmifhta½SmuftaerQom &yfwnfEkdifí
bk&iftm;ay;rI rcH&aomaMumifh pdk;aESmifhAsma0 taeêuHUvsuf ½Sd\/ odkUaomf t½IH;ay;tm;avsmhí
pdwfaysmhaom olrsm;um; r[kwfMuygay/
85/ a*g|mb,rif;onf r[m0d[m&ukd vHk;vHk;ypfy,fíum; xm;onfr[kwf/
vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ a½S;uvdk rNrJapumrl qufvuf axmufyHhNrJ axmufyHhaeayonf/ xkdrif;
ewf½GmpHaomtcg om;awmfBuD; aZ|wdó eef;wufonf/ oHCrdwåonf rdrdêud;qGJwkdif;ruí
tcsdefaumif;udk apmifharQmfonfhtaetm;jzifh xkdrif;vufxuf wpfavQmufvHk;wGif tdE´d,jynf uma0&okdU
jyefí tomckdaeavonf/ aZ|wdórif;um; ol\ eef;pH q,fhav;ESpfumvywfvHk;
r[m0d[m&&[ef;rsm;ukd axmufyHhapmifha½SmufoGm;avonf/
86/ xkdrif;\ nDawmf r[maoe eef;wufaomtcg oHCrdwåonf oD[dkVfuRef;okdU
jyefa&mufvmonf/ aZ|wdó r[maoe nDaemifESpfa,mufvkH; rif;om;i,fb0u oHCrdwåxHwGif
pmayynm oifMum;zl;onf/ r[m0d[m&0goD &[ef;wkdUtm; oHCrdwåonf a0wkvs0g'udk vufcH&ef
aoG;aqmifaomfvnf; r&ay/ bk&iftm; tcGifhoifhwkdif; r[m0d[m&0goD&[ef;wkdU\ 0de,
rrSefuefaMumif; ajymqkdaoG;aqmifaomaMumifh r[maoerif;onf aemufqHk;ü vkdufavsmoabmwlcsuf
ay;avonf/ r[m0d[m&&[ef;wkdUtm; qGrf;avmif;vQif aiG'Pfwyfrnf[líyif trdefUxkwfonftxd
jzpfavonf/ þum; ajcmuf&mpkESpftwGif; r[m0d[m&&[ef;rsm; yXrqHk;tBudrf qGrf;iwfjcif;aywnf;/
oHk;&ufwkdifwkdif qGrf;cHxGufaomfvnf; qGrf;r&í oydwfa&aq; aomufMu&onf/ pwkw¬aeUü igwkdUum;

tpodkU
rdpämt,ludk r,l? toufudkom taocHonf[k oEéd|mefcsí tEk&m"ûrdUrS xGufcGmMuavonf/

xkd&[ef;awmfwkdUaMumifh aemiftcg orkdif;wGif oD[dkVfuRef;onf “Lanka is the home of Buddhism whose
teachings are pure and unsullied and untainted by heresy.” rdpäm0g'rsm; rayrvl;
rvdrf;rusHavmufatmif pifMu,foefU½Sif;aom Ak'¨"r®\ wnf&mXme jzpfonf[k ausmfapmxif½Sm;cJhjcif;
jzpfavonf/
87/ r[m0d[m&rS xGufcGmcJhMuaom rax&fwkdUonf tcsdKUu rm,mrnfaome,f? tcsdKUu
a&m[PZeyk'fokdU oGm;Muonf/ r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkduf½Sd toHk;taqmiftm;vHk;ESifh taqmufttHkwkdUukd
bk&ifhemrnfjzifh "r®½kpd*dkPf;0ifwkdUonf xifovkd toHk;ûyMuavonf/ ypönf;rsm;udk o,fykd;Muí tvHk;pHk
ajrvSefypfvkdufMuonf/ oHCrdwåESifh taygif;ygwkdUonf udk;ESpfwkdifwkdifyif tb,*d&dü
rif;rlíaeMuavonf/ q,fESpfajrmufü arC0PÖb,rnfaom trwfBuD; OD;aqmifonfh olykefwyfESifh
r[maoerif;\ ppfwyfwkdUonf bmoma&;taMumif;cHí r[m*grü tvHk;t&if;ESifh wkdufckdufMu&ef
&ifqkdifMuavonf/ odkU&mwGif ppfrwkdufvdkuf&bJ bk&ifESifhbk&ifhtrwfBuD;wdkUonf ESpfOD;om; ajyvnfpGm
aqG;aEG;í nDñGwfrI&um ppfwyfESpfckvHk; ½kyfodrf;vsuf aejynfawmfokdU jyefMuavonf/
88/ jynfwGif;üum; rdzk&m;wpfyg;onf rdrdwnfaqmufaeaom xlyg&mrausmif;wkdufukd
oHCrdwåu [efUwm;&ef êud;pm;ojzifh vuform;wpfOD; apvTwfí oHCrdwåudk towfckdif;avonf/
,if;rdzk&m;onf a0wkvsusrf;pm [lorQudk rD;½IdUzsufqD;aponf/ r[maoerif;onfvnf;
r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufBuD;ukd jyefvnf wnfaqmufay;&avonf/ oHCmawmfrsm;onf udk;ESpfvHk;
ykef;atmif;ae&mrS jyefa&mufvmMuonf/ ESpftwefMumatmif Nidrf;csrf; om,mrI &vkdufMuaomfvnf;
omoemawmf\ uHMur®mum; taESmuft,SufrS rvGwfao;ay/ r[maoeu bk&ifonf rdpämt,lbufü
pdwfrukefao;bJ ½Sdí 'u©dP*d&dü aeaom udk0Sefwdórnfaom om*vd*dkPf;om; &[ef;wpfyg;udk
tm;ay;csD;ajr§mufonf/ xkd&[ef;twGuf bk&ifu ausmif;aqmufay;&mwGif r[m0d[m&ausmif;
wkduft&mrftwGif;rSmyif aZw0e0d[m&ukd aqmufjzpfatmif aqmufonf/ xkd&[ef;onf
odu©myk'ftmywfrsm;jzifh pGyfpGJjcif;cH&í &uf½Snfvrsm; ppfaq;NyD; vl0wfvJ&ef 0dedpä,csrSwfjcif; cH&onf/
bk&ifhtrdefUjzifh "r®duac: w&m;olBuD;csKyfukd xyfrHppfaq;&m a½S;enf;twkdif;yif trdefUjyefcsí
vlxGufaponf/ oHCmhabmifrS ESifxkwfvkduf Muavawmh\/ r[maoebk&ifonf aemifw&í
r[m0d[m&ausmif;wkdufBuD;ukdyif ypönf;av;yg;wkdUjzifh axmufyHhí at'D 300-ESpfwGif uG,fvGefavonf/
89/ þrQavmufaom acwfumvtydkif;tjcm;twGif;ü oD[dkVfuRef;omoemonf
edrfhcsnfjrifhcsnf ½SdcJhaomfvnf; ax&0g'D r[m0d[m&0goD&[ef;wkdU\ omoemapmifhpdwf"mwfum;
,drf;,dkifûyduGJjcif;r½Sd? 0de,ESifhpyfí oHCmtwGif; uGJjym;ap&ef vHk;yrf;jcif;udk Ak'üdk,fawmfjrwftm;
aoG;xGufoH,dkûyapjcif; oabmxm;Muonf[k rmvmvmaqu& u qkdcJhavonf/

tpodkU
“In the Vinaya an attempt to bring about disunion among the Sangha is put in the
same category as shedding the blood of the Buddha.”
(Pali Literature of Ceylon by Malalaxekera p.54)
¤if;jyifvnf; rmvmvmaqu& u þodkU qufí qkdjyef\/
“To the assaults of open opponents the Buddhist displays the calmest indifference,
convinced that in its undiminished strength his a faith is firm and inexpugnable.”
twdtvif;qefUusifvmolrsm;\ wkdufckdufjcif;tm; Ak'¨0g'D &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh 'g,umwkdUonf

twnfNidrfqHk;aom vspfvsL½IrIudk azmfjyEkdifMuonf/ taMumif;rlum; Ak'¨"r®\ rukefqHk;Ekdif
rysufpD;Ekdifaom cGeftm;tay:ü ,if;wkdU\ ,HkMunfrIonf z,f½Sm;í r&Ekdifavmufatmif ckdifNrJonf[k
od½Sdem;vnfxm;jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ rif;ESifhjynfolwkdU\ Ak'¨"r®tay:ü cH,lcsufjrifhrm;rIum;
pHwifavmufayonf/ Oyrm at'D 623-ckepfü aZ|wdórif;onf wrdvfawG ESifh ppfwkduf&mwGif
½IH;zkdUjrifojzifh rdrd rdzk&m;xH o0Pfpmjzifh rSmMum;onfrSm ]]þppfyGJü rdrdonf atmifjrifzkdUvrf; rsm;pGm r½Sd/
tu,fírsm; wdrf;yg;cJhaomf oDv½Siftjzpfjzifh tbd"r®m oifMum;apvdkonf/ rdrdukdvnf; ukodkvfbm*
trQa0apvdkonf}} [k rSmMum;avonf/ rdzk&m;BuD;onf bk&mrSmMum;onfhtwkdif; ûyvkyfaomaMumifh
tbd"r®mESifh t|uxmBuD;rsm;üyif uRrf;usifaMumif; r[m0Hoü qkdonf[k oD[dkVfuRef;
ygVdpmayorkdif;wGif rmvmvmaqu& u azmfjyxm;ayonf/ xkdUjyif yÍörajrmuf uóybk&if\ (at'D
q,f&mpkESpfxkd;) ausmufpmwpfcsyfwGif usrf;pmrsm;udk EIwfwufaqmif½Gufaom &[ef;wkdUtm;
*kPfûyrSwfwrf;wifxm;onfudk ,aeUuREkfyfwkdU awGUEkdifonf/ xkdbk&ifonf "r®o*FPDusrf;udk
bmomjyefapí a½Tjym;ay:ü a&;wifapcJhonf[k od&onf/ tmvk0d[m& oHCmhtpnf;ta0;BuD;onf
ygVdawmfESifht|uxmrsm;udk pepfwuspDpOfí &[ef;toD;oD;tm; ydkif;íydkif;í cGJa0usufrSwfapum wynfh
wyef;wkdUtm; oifay;aponf/ oD[dkVfbmomjzifh ½Sif;vif; zGifhjyaponf/ aqmifvG,frSwfvG,f
tusOf;vuFm oHaygufuav;rsm;? *gxmygVdrsm;udk a&;om;ay;cJhMuonf/ xkd&[ef;awmfig;&mwkdU\
aus;Zl;um; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tzkdU qyfrukefEkdifavmufatmif BuD;rm;vSayonf/ tcsKyftm;jzifh atmufyg
rmvmvmaqu&\ rSwfcsufuav;ukd axmuf½Ií OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwkdU\ pGyfpGJajymqkdcsuf rrSefyHkudk
od½SdEkdif&m\/

tpodkU
How far the Alu-vihara's redaction agreed with or differed from the cannon and
commenttaries settled by the third Council and introduced into Ceylon by Mahinda's mission, whether
after their introduction into the island any passapes previously considered unorthodox had creptinot
the orthodox scriptures and whether the Alu-vihara Council separated such interpolations, and how far
the Tipitaka and its commentary reduced to writing at Alu-vihara resembled them as they have come
down to us now, no one can say.
tmvk0d[m&ü okwfoifjyifqif tu©&mwifjcif; (pwkw¬oH*g,em wifjcif;)onf

wwd,oH*g,emu twnfûycJhNyD;aom oD[kdVfuRef;odkU t½Sifr[dE´ acgif;aqmifaom "r®'lwtzGJUu
,laqmifvmcJhonfh ygVdt|uxmrsm;ESifh rnfrQavmuf wlnDí rnfrQavmuf uGJjym;onf qkdonfudk
rnfolrQ rajymEkdif? ax&0g' r[kwf[k a½S;tcgu ,lqcJhaom pmykd'frsm; (t,ltqrsm;) onf
ax&0g'twGif;odkU yg0ifavcJhovm;? tmvk0d[m&ü oH*g,em wifaomtcg ,if;0ifvmcJhNyD;aom
pmydk'frsm; (t,ltqrsm;) udk xkwfy,fypfcJhavovm; qkdonfudk rnfolrQ rajymEkdif? tmvk0d[m&ü
a&;wifcJhaom ygVdt|uxmrsm;onf ,aeU (uREkfyfwkdUacwf uREkfyfwkdUxHodkU a&mufvmaomtcg xkd ygVd
t|uxmrsm;ESifh rnfírnfrQ wlnDonf qkdonfudk rnfolrQ rajymEkdif/
þodkU qGJ,lvkyfBuHzefwD;í ,lwwfajymwwfaomaMumifh 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;onf
rl&if;twkdif; (Quotation) udkaw;½Sif;rsm;ukd xkwfaqmifwifjy&jcif; jzpfonf/
This much, however, is certain that in the fifth century of the Christian era the present Pitakas,
etc., were considered orthodox both on continet and in Ceylon, as is evidenced by the visits of
Buddhaghosa and ta Hsian, and in view of the great care with which the orthodox monks attempted to
preserve the purity of the Word there is not much probability that the canon underwent any material
changes in the interval.
odkUaomf at'D ig;&mpkü ½SifAk'äCmoESifh w½kwf&[ef;awmf zm[D,efwkdU vma&muf

(avhvmaqmif,loGm;) jcif; [laom tcsufu xif½Sm;aponfhtavsmuf tdE´d,EkdifiHESifh oD[dkVfuRef;uyg
vuf½Sdyd#uwfudk a½S;a[mif;ax&0g' trSefjzpfonf[k todtrSwfûyMuonf/ þtcsufu
aocsmaomtcsufjzpfonf/ ax&0g'&[ef;awmfrsm;onf pum;wpfvHk;wpfav\ oefU½Sif;rI
(teuft"dyÜm,f rcRwf,Gif; razmufjyefaprI) udkyif txl;*½kûyMuonf [laom ½IaxmifhrSaeí ½IvQif
yd#uwfusrf;pmawmfrsm;onf wpfpHkwpf&m txnfudk,ftm;jzifh ajymif;vJcJhjcif; jzpfEkdifzG,f r½Sdygay/
þrSwfcsufa½SUydkif;udk yHkBuD;csJUí Ak'ömoemorkdif;pmapmif ESm 16-üvnf;aumif; edum,f\edum,f ESm
10-üvnf;aumif; OD;Ouú|\ todkif;t0dkif; yÍöedum, "r®omupämtzGJU0if ponfwkdUu
]]oD[dkVfyd#uwfaqmif &[ef;awmfwkdUonf [dkuxJu a&maESm½IyfaxG;NyD;om;jzpfwJh yd#uwfudk a&maxG;NyD;

tpodkU
rltwkdif;om rSwfaqmifMu&onf[k ynm½Sd rmvmvmaqu& u ol\ oD[dkVfuRef; ygVdpmayorkdif;wGif

a&;cJhonf[k r[kwfrrSefvkyfBuHí qkdxm;avonf/ þpum;&yfrsm;udk orkdif;q&mwpfa,muftaejzifh
olwyg;wkdUawG;awmBuHqrnfh oHo,udk êudwif xkwfazmf ed'gef;cif;ay;xm;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
a½SUqufzwfaomf þodkUawGU&rnfjzpf\/ ,if;wkdU\ &nf½G,fcsufum; oD[kdVfuRef;rSwpfqifh
a&mufvmaom jrefrmjynfomoemonfvnf; a&ma&maxG;axG; jA[®P0g' vTrf;rkd;aeaom omoem[k
(oGm;ykyfavvGifh) odu©mcsvdkaom apwemqkd;jzifh a&;om;jzefUa0&efom jzpfonf/
90/ jrefrmjynfomoemonf wwd,oH*g,emwifNyD;csdef rax&fBuD;rsm;ESifh
taomurif;BuD;\ "r®'lwtzGJUwpfzGJUjzpfaom t½SifaomP t½SifOwå& OD;aqmifonfhtzGJUrS
pwifqif;oufvmaom omoemjzpfayonf/ aemiftcgü tdE´d,rSvnf;aumif;?
oD[dkVfuRef;rSvnf;aumif; acwftrsdK;rsdK;ü usrf;pmtrsdK;rsdK; a&muf½SdvmMuonf/ jrefrmjynf omoem\
a½SUaqmifjzpfawmfrlMuaom ax&fBuD;rsm;onf trsm;tm;jzifh ygVdawmfESifh t|uxm#Dum tjcm;
*E¦EÅ&rsm;udk rnfonhfusrf;*efu Ak'¨bmodw? rnfonfhusrf;*efu tnbmodw[k cGJcGJjcm;jcm;
em;vnfawmfrlcJhMuonf/ odkUjzpfonfhtavsmuf tqifhtwef;tvdkuf tav;tjrwfûy&mwGifvnf;
tedrfhtjrifhtqifhxm;í rSwfom; awmfrlMuonf/ tbd"r®muJhokdU av;eufaom usrf;*efrsm;udk
txl;tm½Hkpdkuf avhvmawmfrlcJhMuonf/ t|uxm #Dumusrf;BuD;rsm;ukdyif ausmfvGefí t&aumufrsm;
edó,usrf;rsm;udk jrefrmhenf; jrefrmh[efjzifh cefUnm;x,f0g jynhfpHkpGm zefwD;awmfrlEkdifcJhMuonf/ odkUaomf
ygVdawmf t|uxmESifh qefUusifjcif; r½SdMuacs/
91/ jrefrmhomoemorkdif;wGif uHqkd;rkd;arSmifusaom ]]*-i,foHk;ck? OoQpfxk}} [k
trSwfûycJhMuonfh jrefrmouú&mZf 888-ckESpf ½Srf;odk[efbGm;vufxufwGif yd#uwfawmfrsm;
rD;½IdUjcif;cH&aomfvnf; toufESifhxyfwl apmifha½Smufawmf rlcJhMuojzifh plV0gt|uxm
rlvyPÖmot|uxm ayxkyfESpfxkyfrSwyg; tvHk;pHkaom yd#uwfygVd t|uxmrsm;udk ½SmazG
pkpnf;awmfrlEkdifcJhMuonf/ tqkdyg t|uxm ayxkyfESpfxkyfudkum; ESpftwefi,fMumrS
tvGefacsmifusaom ½Srf;jynf aus;awmZeyk'frsm;rS jyefvnfí qifhyGm;ul;,lEkdifcJhMuonf[k q&mpOfquf
ajymqkdonfukd rSwfom;Mu&onf/ þenf;tm;jzihf jrefrmwkdU\ omoemawmfudk cspfjrwfEkd;í
wefzkd;xm;wwfaom tavh0goem or®mOóm[aMumifh acwfumvtrsdK;rsdK;ESifh awGU&aomfvnf;
wkdif;jcm;jynfjcm; bmomjcm;wkdU\ tkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGifyif Asmyg&ukd rkcs xufoefaom vHkUv0D&d,
owdorÜZOfjzifh xdef;odrf;apmifha½SmufawmfrlvmcJhMuonfrSm yÍöroH*g,emESifh q| oH*g,em
acwfwkdifatmifyif jzpfonf/
92/ xkdUaMumifh xkd wwd,oH*g,emonfvnf;aumif;? xkd wwdw,oH*g,emrS
qufívmaom oD[dkVfuRef; tmavmu0d[m&ü pkaygif;½Gwfqkdjcif; ayxuftu©&mwifjcif;
pwkw¬oH*g,emonfvnf;aumif;? jrefrmEkdifiHü 2-Budrfwkdif EIwfjzifh ½Gwfzwf½HkrQru ausmufpmwifí

tpodkU
vnf;aumif;? tEkdifEkdifiHoHk; ckdifcHhom;em; xl;jcm;aom pmtkyfrsm; ½dkufESdyfívnf;aumif;? yÍörtBudrf?

q|rtBudrfwiftyfaom oH*g,emwkdUonfvnf;aumif; npfaMu;rwif tjypfuif;pifaom "r®mEkavmr
oH*g,emwkdUom jzpfMuayonf/
,if;odkUjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm apm'uq&mwkdU wifjyxm;tyfaom pk'dwuwkdU\
oH*g,emajcmufwef ayghysufao; odrfatmif ûyvkyfí ajymqkda&;om; xkwfa0Muaom oH*g,emorkdif;?
Ak'ömoemorkdif;? edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyf? a';'&JausmufpmwkdifwkdUyg pum;&yfwkdUonf
t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfonf[k oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
jyqkdcJhNyD;aom ,kwådtm*r om"ut&yf&yfwkdUaMumifh tbd"r®mudk bk&m;ra[m[k pGyfpGJjcif;onf
t"r®0g'om jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif;? oH*g,em 6-wefudk ao;odrfayghysufatmif vkyfjcif;onf "r®udk
t"r®? 0de,udk t0de, jzpfatmif vkyfjcif;omjzpfí t"r®0g'om jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif; EkdifiHawmf
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(2) q&mawmfrsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtrSwf (2)
apm'em trSwf (7)
oAÁñkwÓPfukd y,fjcif;ESifh pyfonfh 0dedpä,
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk xdyg;rIESifh pyfvsOf;í wifjyavQmufxm;aom apm'em aom"em
2-&yfudk EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf/
1/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf trSwf (7) apm'em tjzpfjzifh ]]Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ oAÁñkw
ÓPfawmfudk xdyg;apvsuf Ak'¨bmom ysufpD;&mysufpD;aMumif; a[majyma&;om;rIESifhywfoufí
apm'emcsufyg bk&m;}} [laom avQmufxm;vTmudk þ0denf;"dk&f½Hk;awmfodkU wifoGif;í þtaMumif;udk
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS tbd"r®mynmay;wm0efcH (tbd"r®mq&mpdef)u a0zefykwfcwf
a&;om;xm;ygonf[k pGJqkdxm;ayonf/
2/ þpGJqkdcsufwGif tbd"r®mq&mpdef a&;om;xm;aom tcsuf 5-csufukd
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u oufaocH tjzpf azmfjyxm;ayonf/
(u) wdw¬dq&mBuD;wkdUudk tnHhrcHvdkíom t|uxmq&mrsm;u Ak'üdk oAÁñkwÓPf
&onf[k qkdMuaMumif;/
(c) oAÁñkwÓPf &ygvsuf rdrd\ &efoljzpfaom a'0'wfudk tb,fhaMumifh &[ef;ûycGifh
ay;&oenf;/
(*) oAÁñkwÓPf&onfqkdygvsuf ao;Ekyfaomodu©myk'frsm;udk y,fEkwfMuavmh[k
tb,faMumifh rdefUqkd&oenf;/
(C) 0dZÆmoHk;yg;onf &[EÅmwkdif;&½Sdaom todÓPfjzpf\/ þodkUqkdygrl Ak'ËSifh
&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfonf rnfodkU jcm;em;ygoenf;/
(i) Ak'¨ &½Sdtyfaom oAÁñkwÓPfonf 0dZÆmoHk;yg;wkdYudk <uif;usefr½Sd xkd;xGif;NyD;
odjrif&½SdcJhaom ÓPfjzpf\/
(þum; tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ a&;om;csufrS jzpf\)
3/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf yxrOD;pGmwifoGif;aom omrn apm'emü tqkdyg
tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ a&;om;csuf rl&if;rsm;udk oufaocHpmtkyfrsm;jzifh wifjyí pnf;urf;pepfwus
apm'emMuonf/ 'kwd, xyfqifhwifoGif;aom 0daooapm'emü tqkdyg tbd"r®mq&mpdef
a&;om;csufrsm;onf bk&m;a[m yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;ESifh qefUusifbuf jzpfaomaMumifh tbd"r®m
t"r®0g'tjzpf qHk;jzwfay;yg&ef avQmufxm;oGm;Muavonf/

tpodkU
4/ þoAÁñkwÓPfESifh ywfoufaom apm'emwifcsufudk pk'dwursm; jzpfMuaom

awmifwGif;BuD;rS OD;Z0e (ae½Sife,f)? ig;qifhausmif; OD;Z0e? ewfrSD t½SifqE´m"du? a';'&JrS OD;OaZÆmwdu?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS Ouú| OD;cif[efESifh &ckdifjynfe,f OD;a½TjynfhwkdU vHk;0acsyjcif; rûycJhMuay/
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ pGJqkdcsuf (21)csufvHk;udk pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfxJu rnfolrqkd acsyEkdifonfhtcGifhta&;udk
0denf;"dk&f½Hk;u ay;tyfxm;ayonf/ odkUygvsuf þapm'em wifcsufudk racsyMujcif;jzifh
apm'uq&mawmfwkdU\ pGJqkdcsufukd 0efcH&modkU a&mufayonf/
5/ pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;teuf ocifjrwfqkdif wpfOD;wnf;uom acsyavQmufxm;cJhonf/
,if;okdU avQmufxm;&mü ]]udk,fwkdifa&;om;cJhaom q&mpdefESifh aqG;aEG;Munhf&mwGif}} [k pum;cif;NyD;
avQmufxm;onfukd axmufcsifhjcif; tm;jzifh ocifjrwfqkdifonf rdrdÓPfpGrf;ÓPfpjzifh
acsyEkdif½Smjcif;r[kwfbJ ÓPftiSm;jzifh 0hH0Hhpm;pm; avQmufxm; jcif;jzpfaMumif; awGU½Sd&ayonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

6/ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfukd xdyg;rIESifh ywfoufí apm'u pk'dwuwkdU ESpfOD;ESpfbuf
wifjyavQmufxm;csufrsm; teufrS yxrOD;pGm apm'uq&mawmfwkdU\ wifjycsufudk oHk;oyfaytHh-
7/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifoGif;aom omrnapm'emcsufudk Munfh½I&mwGif pGJqkdvdkaom
tcsufay:vGifNyD; oufaocH taxmuftxm; ckdifvHkonfudk awGU&ayonf/ oufqkdif&mpmapmifudkvnf;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;xH oufaocHtjzpf wifjyxm;ayonf/ xyfqifh apm'emcsufudk
oHk;oyf&mwGifvnf; q|oH*g,emwif ygVdawmfrsm;udk tukd;tum;ûyí wifjyxm;onfukd awGU&ayonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ taMumif;jycsufrsm;udk odom½Hk azmfjy tyfayonf/
8/ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfonf rnfonhfom0uwkdUESifhrQ rqkdifaom Ak'¨bk&m;½SifwpfOD;wnf;om
ydkifonfh tom"m&P ÓPfawmfjzpfaMumif; av;toacsFESifhurÇmwpfodef;wkdifwkdif yg&rDawmfwkdUudk
jznfhqnf;yl;awmfrlcJhaomaMumifh xkdÓPfudk &awmfrljcif;jzpfaMumif;? oAÁñkwÓPfawmfBuD;ü
pGrf;&nfoHk;yg;½SdaMumif; ponfwkdUukd usrf;*efESifhtnD azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/
9/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onf r[mu½kPm½SifjzpfaomaMumifh a'0'wfudk &[ef;ûycGifh
ay;cJhaMumif;? a'0'wfonf tmCmwBuD;vGef;oljzpfí &[ef;ûycGifh &onfjzpfap? r&onfjzpfap
Ak'¨bk&m;udk jypfrSm;rnfomjzpfaMumif;? &[ef;ûycGifh&onfhtwGuf a'0'wfrSm yapöuaAm"dÓPf tajccH&í
tusdK;½SdcJhaMumif;? olawmfaumif;wkdU\ oabmonf rdrd\&efoljzpfapumrl zsufqD;jcif;rûyaMumif;ukd
AdrÁdom&ESifh tZmwowfwkdU\jzpf&yfukd oufaoxlí avQmufxm;cJh Muonf/
10/ xkdUjyif bk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmefpHvGefcgeD;u ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;ukd oHCmu
y,fEkwfvdkvQif y,fEkwf ygav[k rSmMum;cJhjcif;onf wynfhom; oHCmrsm;\ESpfoufrIukd jzpfapcJhaMumif;?
wynfhom; oHCmrsm;taejzifhvnf; wpfpHkwpfckudkrQ y,fEkwfjcif;rûybJ bk&m;½Sif oufawmfxif½Sm;

tpodkU
½SdonfESifh rjcm; av;pm;vdkufemMuaomaMumifh ESpfouftm;&zG,f jzpfcJhaMumif;wkdUukd azmfjy

avQmufxm;jcif;rsm;onf ,xm"r® ,xm0de,oabmokdU ouf0ifvsuf ½Sdonfukd awGU&ayonf/
ocifjrwfqkdif\ acsycsufudk oHk;oyfcsuf

11/ wpfzef pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdif\acsycsufudk oHk;oyfaythH? ocifjrwfqkdifonf
]]jrwfpGmbk&m; oAÁñkw ÓPf½Sifr[kwf}} [laomtcsufudk OD;wnfíacsyxm;ayonf/ þodkUacsy&mü
ocifjrwfqkdif tukd;ûyaom om"urSm rZÑdryPÖmo aw0dZÆ0päokwf jrefrmjyefyif jzpfonf/ xkdokwf
jrefrmjyefukd ocifjrwfqkdifu-
]]t½Sifbk&m; &[ef;a*gwronf tvHk;pHkudk od\/ tvHk;pHkudk jrif\/ tNrJrjywf
ÓPftjrifonf a½S;½I xif\[k t<uif;rJhÓPftjrifukd 0efcH\[k Mum;zl;ygonf/ þuJhodkU
ajymqkdrIrsm;wkdUonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;t& ajymqkdolrsm; jzpfygukef\avm
ar;jref;avQmufxm;\/ 0pä &[ef;a*gwronf tvHk;pHkudk od\/ tvHk;pHkudkjrif\/
igoGm;aeonfjzpfap? &yfaeonfjzpfap? tNrJrjywf ÓPftjrifonf a½S;½Ixif\[k t<uif;
rJhÓPftjrifudk 0efcH\[lí ajymqkdaom olwkdUonf ig\pum;t& ajymqkdolrsm; r[kwfukef?
ighudk r[kwf rrSefaomtm;jzifhvnf; pGyfpGJMuukef\/ Ak'¨½Sifudk,fawmfwkdif a[mMum;xm;onfukd
awGU&ygonf bk&m;}}
[k aumufEkwfwifjy avQmufxm;cJhonf/ ocifjrwfqkdif\ jrefrmjyefonf ta&;BuD;aom pum;&yfrsm;udk
0uGuf csefxm;cJhNyD; rdrdvdkcsifoavmufudkom aumufEkwfazmfjyxm;aom jrefrmjyefjzpfaMumif;udk rl&if;
(q|rlyd#uwf) jrefrmjyefESifh wkdufqkdifMunfhaomtcg xif½Sm;pGm awGU½SdcJh&onf/ xkdokwf jrefrmjyefü
ocifjrwfqkdif 0uGufí wrif csefxm;cJhaom ta&;BuD;aom pum;&yfrSm ]]tdyfaysmfaeonfjzpfap?
Ekd;Mum;aeonf jzpfap}} [laom pum;&yfyif jzpfayonf/
12/ ocifjrwfqkdif\acsycsufonf þuJhodkU ta&;BuD;aom rl&if;a'oemygpum;&yfudk
wrifûzwf bmomjyefqkdxm;jcif;? oabmroufa&mufjcif;? om"urajrmufjcif;rsm;aMumifh
yd#uwfusrf;*efESifh rnDñGwf&um; apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ pGJqkdcsufudk acsyEkdifjcif; r½SdaMumif;
awGU&ayonf/
aw0dZÆ0päokwf oHk;oyfcsuf
13/ apm'uESifh pk'dwuwkdY\ wifvTm acsvTmwkdUudk oHk;oyfNyD;aemuf oAÁñkwÓPfawmfukd
xdyg;aomtcsufESifh ywfoufí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ oHk;oyfcsufukd azmfjyaythH/
ocifjrwfqkdif wifjyaom pum;&yfwGif rnfonfhpum;vHk;udk ûzwfxm;cJhaMumif; odEkdifap&ef
aw0dZÆ0päokwf rl&if; ygVdESifh ,if;\ jrefrmjyefukd xkwfjyvdkufayonf/

tpodkU
wpfcgu 0päEG,f0ify&dAdkZfwpfOD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh oGm;a&mufawGUqHkNyD; þodkUaompum;udk

avQmufxm; avonf/
okwH arwH baEÅ oraPm a*gwarm oAÁnK oAÁ'óm0D ty&daooH ÓP'óeH
y#dZmemwd? p&awm p ar wd|awm p okwåó p Zm*&ó p owwH ordwH ÓP'óeH
ypöKy|dwEÅd/ (r 2? 148/)
jrefrmjyef
]]t½Sifbk&m; &[ef;a*gwronf tvHk;pHkudk od\/ tvHk;pHkudk jrif\/ ig oGm;aeonfjzpfap?
&yfaeonf jzpfap? tdyfaysmfaeonfjzpfap? Ekd;Mum;aeonf jzpfap? tNrJrjywf ÓPftjrifonf
a½S;½Ixif\[k t<uif;rJh ÓPftjrifudk 0efcH\ [lí Mum;zl;yg\}} (r jref 2? 157/)
14/ 0päy&dAkdZfu qufvufí ]]ÓPftjrifudk 0efcH\[lí ajymqkdaomolwkdUonf
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;t& ajymqkdolrsm; jzpfygukef\avm? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk r[kwfrrSefaomtm;jzifh
rpGyfpGJbJ ½Sdygukef\avm}} ponfjzifh avQmufxm;avonf/
15/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ajzMum;csufudk razmfjyrD þy&dAdkZf avQmufxm;aom pum;udk pdppf&ef
vdktyfayonf/ þy&dAkdZfonf oów0g'udk tajccHí ar;aejcif;jzpfonf/ þokwfü
oAÁñkwÓPfawmfESifh ywfoufí ta&;BuD; aomtcsufrSm ]]owwH ordwH ÓP'óeH}} [laom
tcsufyif jzpfonf/ ÓP'óeH=ÓPftjrif[laom pum;ukd rnfodkUaom ÓPftjrifrsdK; jzpfaMumif;
]]owwH ordwH}} [laom pum;t& azmfjyvsuf ½Sdonf/
owwH ordwH\ teufrSm = tNrJrjywf tcgcyfodrf; edpö xm0&[líyif jzpfonf/
pdefwHk;BuD;rsm; xm0& vif;ae ouJhodkU rnfonfhtcsdeftcgürqkd tNrJwef; jrifaeaom ÓPftjrifrsdK;yif
jzpfonf/ þtcsufukd xif½Sm;apaom pum;&yfrSm okwåó p=tdyfaysmfaeonfjzpfap[laom
pum;&yfjzpfonf/ tdyfaysmfaepOfrSmvnf; jrifaeaomÓPf[k y&dAkdZfu qkdvdkayonf/
16/ xkdacwftcgu rZÑdra'ow0dkufwGif twå0g'vnf; xGef;um;vsuf ½Sdayonf/
vl\ukd,ftwGif;ü csrf;om okcudk cHpm;aom twåonf tNrJ½Sdae\/ twåonf t&mtm;vHk;udk jrif\?
od\/ þodkUaom t,ltqrsdK; ½Sdayonf/ wdw¬d q&mBuD;wkdUonf þtwå0g'udk tajccHvsuf
rdrdwkdUonf-
oAÁñl=w&m;tm;vHk;udk odonf
oAÁ'óm0D=w&m;tm;vHk;udk jrifonf-
[lí 0efcHMuaomtcg tNrJrjywfjrifaeonf odaeonf[lí a<u;aMumf 0efcHMuavonf/
þ0päy&dAdkZfonf xkduJhodkU edpöoAÁñkwÓPf0efcHolwkdU\ pum;udk Mum;emrSwfom;&ol jzpfonfhtavsmuf
jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;vnf; þodkUaom edpöoAÁñkw ÓPftjrifrsdK;jzifh oAÁñktjzpf 0efcHygoavm ar;vdk&if;
jzpfayonf/

tpodkU
rSwfcsuf/ / þ 0päy&dAdkZf\ tar;rsdK;udk t*FkwådK&f e0uedygwf? avmum,wdu okwfwGifvnf;

tvm;wl awGU½SdEkdifonf/
17/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; xkwfazmfa[mMum;aom tbd"r®ma'oemt& rnfonfh½kyf
rnfonfhemrfrQ edpö[lí r½Sdacs/ taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm Oyg'f? XD? bif jzpf wnf csKyfysuf
tedpötcsufcsnf;om jzpfayonf/ ÓPfqkdonfrSmvnf; emrfw&m;wkdUwGif tacgifcsKyf jzpfapumrl
taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm Oyg'f XD bif pepf jzifhomvQif ay:aom obm0 wpf&yfjzpfayonf/ xkdUjyif
tdyfaysmfaepOftcgü rnfonfhÓPfxl;rQrjzpf b0if(tdyfpdwf)omvQif jzpfvsuf ½Sdonf/ þonfrSm
tbd"r®mq&mBuD;rsm;udk rqkdxm;bd vlomrefwkdUyif odEkdifaom vufawGUobm0 jzpf&yfaywnf;/
odkUjzpfí Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh tjcm;aom wdw¬dbk&m;wkdUonf tbd"r®mtjrifcsif; vHk;0uGJjym;vsuf
½Sdacsonf/ þodkU uGJjym;ygvsuf pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifonf ¤if;\ jrefrmjyefü-
okwåó p=tdyfaysmfaeonfjzpfap?
Zm*&ó p=Ekd;Mum;aeonfjzpfap-
[laom bk&m;a[m rl&if;ygVdawmfjrefrmjyefukd wrifûzwfí ay,smvuef 0uGufí csefxm;cJhjcif;rSm
Mum;emolrsm; taejzifh Ak'¨tbd"r®mESifh wdw¬dwkdU\ tbd"r®m rwlaom tcsufudk &dyfrdoGm;rnf
pdk;aomaMumifh jzpfwef&monf/
18/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onfum; þuhJokdUaom tedpötbd"r®m tjrif½Sdoljzpfí y&dAdkZf\
]]tdyfaysmfaewkef;rSmyif jrifíaeaom ÓPftjrifrsdK; ½Sdonfh oAÁñkyk*¾dKvf [kwfygoavm}} [laom
ar;cGef;udk jywfjywfom;om; y,fcsawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
]]igonfum; ,if;uJhodkU tdyfaysmfaewkef;rSmyif jrifaeonfqkdaom oówÓPfrsdK;½Sdonfh
oAÁñkrsdK; r[kwf}} [lí ajzqkdawmfrlvdk&if; jzpfonf/
19/ þuJhodkU jrwfpGmbk&m;u wdw¬dwkdU\ oAÁñkrsdK;udk 0efrcHaomtcg y&dAkdZfu
jrwfpGmbk&m;udk rnfokdUajymvQif trSefajym&m a&mufrnfenf;[k qufvuf ar;avQmufayonf/ þwGifrS
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ar;jref;ol y&dAkdZfESifh wefavmuf½Hk þodkU tajzay;awmfrlonf/
]]aw0daZÆm oraPm a*gwarmwd acg 0pä Asmu&rmaem 0kwå0g'D ap0 ar tó}}
(r 2? 149/)
jrefrmjyef
0pä &[ef;a*gwronf 0dZÆmoHk;yg; ½Sd\[k ajymqkdaomolonf trSeftm;jzifh ig\pum;t&
ajymqkdjcif; jzpf&m\/
20/ þpum;t&vnf; olwyg;u þodkU ajymvQif rSef\[kom rdefUawmfrlonf/ igonf
0dZÆmoHk;yg;udkom &onf/ oAÁñkwÓPfukd r&[lí 0efcHjcif;rsdK; r[kwfay/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf

tpodkU
oAÁñkwÓPf &½Sdawmfrlonfh taMumif;udk tBudrfrsm;pGm 0efcHawmfrlcJhayonf/ þtaMumif;ESifh

ywfoufí apm'uq&mawmfrsm;uvnf; om"u xkwfaqmif í avQmufxm;cJhNyD; jzpfonf/
txufyg pum;pOft& tusOf;csKyf&aomf aw0dZÆ0päokwfü jrwfpGmbk&m;u oAÁñk[lí
0efrcHjcif;onf ar;ol y&dAdkZfu tdyfaysmfwkef;rSmyif odaeaom edpöoAÁñk? owwoAÁñkrsdK;ukd
0efcHovm;[k ar;onhftwGuf 0efrcHjcif; jzpfonf/ oAÁñkwÓPfudk r&í 0efrcHjcif; r[kwfay/
aw0dZÆÓPfudk &onf[k ajymvQif rSefonf[k qkdjcif;onfvnf; ar;olESifh wef½Hkom ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;taejzifh 0dZÆmoHk;yg;udkom &onf 0dZÆm½Spfyg; oAÁñkwÓPfwkdUudk r&í r[kwfay/
tjcm;okwf a'oemawmfrsm;pGmwkdUü jrwfpGmbk&m;u rdrd oAÁñkwÓPf½Sif jzpfaMumif;
0efcHa[mMum;xm;csuf rsm;pGm½Sdayonf/
aw0dZÆokwfukd ukd;um;í Ak'¨bk&m;½Siftm; oAÁñkwÓPf½Sifr[kwf[k ajymqkdMuolwkdUonf
aw0dZÆ0päokwf\ t"dyÜm,fudkyif em;rvnfMuaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? xkdokwfrSwpfyg; oAÁñkwÓPfudk
0efcHa[mMum;xm;aom okwf a'oemrsm;udk rawGUzl;MuaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? Ak'¨bmomwkdU\
udk;uG,ftm;xm;&m txGwftjrwfqHk;jzpfaom Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ao;odrfatmifûyvkyfvdkonfh
apwemqkd;aMumifhvnf;aumif; ajymqkdMujcif;jzpfayonf/
oAÁnKwÓPf qifjcifrSod
21/ bk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwfonf tvHk;pHkudkodaom oAÁñk? tvHk;pHkudk jrifaom
oAÁ'óm0D jzpfawmfrl\ qkd&mwGif tdyfaysmfaeckdufü vnf;aumif;? rqifjcifaom tckdufüvnf;aumif;
odjrifawmfrljcif; r½Sday/ tdyfaysmfaeckdufü b0ifpdwfwkdUom jzpfaeukef\/ xkdb0ifpdwfwkdUonf
tm½Hk½Sdonf qkd½HkrQom jzpfukef\/ wpfpHkwpf&mudk uGJuGJjym;jym; odjcif;iSm rpGrf;Ekdifukef/ xkdenf;wlpGm
rqifjcifaom tckdufüvnf; odjrifawmfrljcif; r½Sd/ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfjzifh qifjcifawmfrlrSom
odjrifjcif;iSm pGrf;Ekdif\/
22/ Oyrm tpGrf;xufjrufaom rSefajymif;BuD;ukd vuf0,fydkifydkifudkifxm;oltm;
tdyfaysmfaeaomfvnf;aumif;? toHk;rûyaomfvnf;aumif; rSefajymif;\ xufjrufaompGrf;tm;rSm
rxif½Sm;aomfvnf; rSefajymif;udk tpGrf;xufjrufrI r½Sd[k rqkdomouJhodkU xkdUtwl tdyfaysmfaeckduf
rqifjcifckdufü rodrjrifaomfvnf; tvHk;pHkudkrod[kvnf;aumif;? tvHk;pHkudk rjrif[kvnf;aumif;
rqkdomacs/ þtaMumif;udk aw0dZÆ0päokwft|uxmü atmufygtwkdif; ½Sif;vif;jyxm;ayonf/
(u) oAÁñl oAÁ'óm0D ty&daooH ÓP'óeH y#dZmemwDwd [d £'H tEkZmedwAÁH od,m?
(c) p&awm p ar/y/ ypöKy|dwEÅd £'H ye emEkZmedwAÁH?
(*) oAÁñkwnmaPe [d tm0ZÆdwGm yZmemwd (r | 3? 136/)

tpodkU
t"dyÜm,fqkdvdkcsuf
(u) tvHk;pHkudk od\? tvHk;pHkudk jrif\? t<uif;rJhÓPftjrifudk 0efcH\ [laom pum;udk
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf 0efcHawmfrl&m\/
(c) oGm;aeonf jzpfap &yfaeonf jzpfap tdyfaysmfaeonf jzpfap Ekd;Mum;aeonf jzpfap
tNrJrjywf tcgcyfodrf; ÓPftjrif a½S;½Ixif\ [laom pum;udkom jrpfy,fawmfrl\/
(vufcHawmfrrl)/
(*) oAÁñkwÓPfjzifh qifjcifrSom tvHk;pHkudk odawmfrl\/
wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh odolr½Sd
23/ oAÁñkwÓPfESifhpyfí rZÑdryPÖmoygVd uPÖuw¬vokwf ESm 328-329-ü vmaom
om"uudk xkwfaqmifí ½Sif;vif;jy&ayOD;rnf/ tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf uPÖuw¬v
trnf½Sdaom awm0,f aeawmfrl\/ xkdpOfu yaóe'Daumovrif;BuD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHokdU
csOf;uyfí oAÁñkwÓPfESifh ywfoufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk oHo,uif;atmif ar;zl;avNyD/
]]jrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;tvHk;pHkudk odaom w&m;tvHk;pHkudk jrifaom t<uif;rJh ÓPftjrif ½Sd\[k
0efcHEkdifaom orP aomfvnf;aumif; jAm[®aomfvnf;aumif; r½SdEkdif? þodkU 0efcHEkdifaom taMumif;rsdK;
r½SdEkdif[k &[ef;a*gwru ajymqkdaMumif; tuREkfyf Mum;od&yg\/y/ þodkU ajymqkdMuolrsm;onf
bk&m;pum;twkdif; ajymqkdjcif; [kwfygoavm? pGyfpGJ&m ra&mufygoavm? uJh&JU&m ra&mufygoavm}}/
24/ þuJhodkU yaóe'Daumovrif;u avQmufxm;aomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u
atmufygtwkdif; jyefíajzMum;av onf/
]]rif;BuD; w&m;tvHk;pHkudkom odaom w&m;tvHk;pHkudk jrifaom t<uif;rJh ÓPftjrif ½Sd\[k
0efcHEkdifaom orPaomfvnf;aumif; jAm[®Paomfvnf;aumif; r½SdEkdif/ þodkU 0efcHEkdifaom
taMumif;rsdK; r½SdEkdif[k &[ef;a*gwru ajymqkdaMumif; (vdkufvH owif;vTifhaeMuolrsm;onf)
ighpum;twkdif; ajymjcif;r[kwf? ighukd pGyfpGJ&m a&muf\/ uJh&JU&m a&muf\}}
25/ bk&m;½Sif\tajzpum;udk Mum;aomtcg aumovrif;BuD;u atmufygtwkdif;qufí
ar;avQmufjyefavonf/
]]t½Sifbk&m; vlawG em;vnfwmu wjcm;? bk&m;a[mwmu wjcm;jzpfaeygonf/
½Sif;jyawmfrlyg bk&m;}}
aumovrif;\ tar;pum;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u atmufygtwkdif; wdwdusus
½Sif;jyawmfrlavonf/

tpodkU
]]rif;BuD; wpfBudrfwnf;jzifhomvQif tvHk;pHkudk odEkdifaom? tvHk;pHkudk jrifEkdifaom

orPaomfvnf;aumif; jAm[®P aomfvnf;aumif; r½Sd? odEkdif jrifEkdifaom taMumif;rsdK;onf r½SdEkdif?
þpum;udk &nfí ig ajymqkdjcif; jzpfonf}}/
26/ þokwfü bk&m;ocif rdefUMum;aom pum;\ t"dyÜm,fukd rdrd&& aumufwwfzkdU
vdkonf/ a[mawmfrlvdk&if;rSm ]]tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wkdUukd odaomol jrifaomol r½Sd[k ig ra[m?
tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wkdUukd odaomol jrifaomol ½Sd\[k ig a[monf/ odkUaomf wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh
tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wkdUukd odEkdifjrifEkdifol r½Sd? tBudrfBudrf ÓPfjzifh qifjcifrS odEkdifjrifEkdifonf}} [k
ajzawmfrlvdk&if; jzpfonf/ ûcHí qkd&aomf ]]tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wkdUudk odjrifaom oAÁñkyk*¾dKvftrSef ½Sdonf/
tvHk;pHkudk odaomfvnf; wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh tukefod tukefjrif[laom teufoabmudk rrSwf&}} [k
qkdvkdayonf/
27/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u þuJhodkU oAÁñkwÓPftaMumif;udk wdwdusus½Sif;jyaomtcg
yaóe'Daumovrif;BuD;onf vGefpGm oabmusí 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om vufcHygaMumif;-
]]oAÁnKwH r,H baEÅ b*0EÅH tykpädrSm? oAÁñkwH b*0g Asmumod? wÍö yerSmuH ½kpöwd
ap0 crwd p? awe prSm twårem}} (r 2? 333/)
[k avQmufxm;avonf/
jrefrmjyef
]]t½Sifbk&m; tuREkfyfwkdUonf jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd oAÁñkwÓPftaMumif;udk ar;avQmufygukef\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oAÁñkwÓPftaMumif;udk ajzMum;awmfrl\/ xkdajzMum;awmfrlcsufukdvnf;
tuREkfyfwkdUonf oabmvnf;usyg\/ ESpfvnf; ESpfoufyg\/ xkdtajzjzifhvnf; ESpfvdkaompdwf
½SdMuygukef\/}}
28/ þuPÖuw¬vokwfü Ak'üdk,fwkdif oAÁñkwÓPftaMumif;udk twdtus taotcsm
a[mxm;ygvsuf ]]t|uxmq&mwkdUu Ak'önf bmrqkd tMum;tjrif tod½Sdaom oAÁñkwÓPf
&½Sdonf[k jyqkdMu[ef½Sd\}} [laom tbd"r®mq&mpdefqkdol\ a&;om;csufonf bk&m;a[musrf;*efrsm;ESifh
vHk;0qefUusifaeaomaMumifh t"r®0g'om jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
Ak'üdk,fawmfwkdif oAÁnK[k0efcHyHk
29/ or®morÁK'¨ (oAÁñk)ESifhpyfvsOf;í bk&m;udk,fwkdif 0efcHxm;yHkudkvnf; om"utjzpf
xkwfaqmifjyvdkufayOD;rnf/ aumovoH,kwf'[m&okwfwGif yaóe'Daumovrif;BuD;u
jrwfpGmbk&m;xH csOf;uyfí þodkU ar;avQmuf zl;avonf/
]]b0rÜd aem a*gwarm tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð tbdorÁKa'¨gwd yZmemwd}} (oH 1? 68/)

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
]]t½Sifa*gwronfvnf; twkr½Sdaom oAÁñkwÓPfudk odol[lí 0efcHygoavm}}/
xkdokdYar;avQmufaomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u twdtvif;0efcHaMumif; atmufygtwkdif;
rdefUMum;awmfrlonf/
]]t[H [d r[m&mZ tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð tbdorÁKa'¨g}} (oH 1/ 68/)
jrefrmjyef
]]rif;BuD; rSefvSay\/ igonf twkr½Sdaom oAÁñkwÓPfudk odawmfrl\}}/
30/ þaumovoH,kwf '[&okwfü bk&m;udk,fwkdif (oAÁñk) jzpfaMumif; 0efcHxm;csuf
twdtvif;½Sdygvsuf tbd"r®mq&mpdefqkdolu r,HkMunfEkdifjcif;rSm rdpäm'd|d rdpämouFyÜ oabmrSvGJí
tjcm;oabmrjzpfEkdifacs/
31/ Ak'ü þuJhodkU oAÁñkjzpfaMumif; 0efcHaomtcg yaóe'Daumovu
wdw¬dq&mBuD;rsm;ESifh uGmjcm;yHkudk þodkU avQmufxm;jyefonf/ ]]t½Sifa*gwr yl&Puóy paom
q&mBuD;wkdUukd oAÁñkwÓPf½Siftjzpf 0efcHyg oavm[lí tuREkfyf udk,fwkdifar;&m oAÁñktjzpf
olwkdU0efrcHMuyg/ t½Sifa*gwronf t½G,fvnf;i,f\/ &[ef; ûyopfpvnf; jzpf\/ odkUjzpfvsuf
tb,fhaMumifh oAÁñk[k 0efcHygoenf;}}/
aumovrif;u þodkU ar;jref;aomtcg Ak'ü ]]rif;udkvnf;aumif; a>rudkvnf;aumif;
rD;udkvnf;aumif; &[ef;udkvnf;aumif; þ 4-rsdK;udk i,fonf[k txifrao;oifhaMumif;}} rdefUawmfrl\/
þ'[&okwfawmfü Ak'önf oAÁñkwÓPfudk xkd;xGif;í od\(&\) [k twdtvif;0efcHawmfrlonfudk
awGU&ayonf/
32/ þokwfü wdw¬dwkdUu oAÁñktjzpf 0efrcH? a*gwrbk&m;uom oAÁñktjzpf 0efcHonfudk
awGU½Sd&ayonf/ þodkU bk&m;a[myd#uwfusrf;*ef txift½Sm; ½Sdygvsuf or®m'd|dtzGJUcsKyf\
oabmw&m;a&;&m wm0efcHwpfOD;jzpfaom tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ ]]t|uxmq&mwkdUonf Ak'¨\
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk csD;ajrmufa&;om;&mü xdkoAÁñkwÓPf &½Sdonfqkdaom wdw¬dq&mBuD;wkdUukd
tnhHrcHvdkonfu wpfaMumif;? Ak'üdk tjcm;t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdUESifh cGJjcm;xm;vdkaomaMumifh Ak'önf bmrqkd
tMum;tjrif tod½Sdaom oAÁñkwÓPf &½Sdonf[k jyqkdMu[ef wl\}} [laom a&;om;csufonf
t|uxmq&mwkdUukd jyuf&,fûyjcif; bk&m;ocifukd apmfum;jcif;jzpfí t"r®0g'DwkdU\ rawmfrw&m;
pGyfpGJa&;om;jcif;om jzpfonf[lí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
ygVdawmfwkdUü vm½SdyHk
33/ pk'dwutzGJUom;wkdUu ¤if;wkdU\ xifjrifcsufoufoufjzifh oAÁñkwÓPf[lonf
t|uxmq&mwkdU vkyfBuH xm;aom *kPfyk'f jzpfav[ef a&;om;xm;&m t|uxmwkdU vkyfBuHa&;om;csuf
r[kwfrlí tbd"r®mygVdawmfwkdYüyif vm½SdaMumif;udk xyfrH azmfjyayOD;thH/
]]uwarm p yk*¾avm or®morÁKa'¨g? £a"uapöm yk*¾avm ykAÁteEkókawok "ar®ok
omrH opömed tbdorÁKZÑwd? ww¬ p oAÁñkwH ygykPmwd? Aavok p 0oDbm0H? t,H 0kpöwd
yk*¾avm or®morÁKa'¨g}} (tbd 3/ 117/)
(yk*¾vynwåd ygVdawmf)
jrefrmjyef
or®morÁK'ÿk*¾dKvf[lonf tb,fenf;? þavmuü tcsdKUaom yk*¾dKvfonf a½S;u
rMum;zl;ukefaom w&m;wkdUü udk,fwkdif opömwkdUukd xkd;xGif;í od\/ xdkopömw&m;wkdUü tukeftpif
odjrifjcif; (oAÁñktjzpf) okdUvnf;aumif;? tm;awmfq,fwef ÓPfawmfq,fyg;wkdUü
avhvmEkdifeif;jcif;okdYvnf;aumif; a&muf\/ þyk*¾dKvfudk or®morÁK'¨[k qkdtyf\/
rSwfcsuf/ / yapöuorÁK'ÿk*¾dKvftaMumif; a[m&müum; ]]e p ww¬ oAÁñkwH
ygykPmwd=xkdopömw&m;wkdUü oAÁñktjzpfodkU ra&muf}} [k vm½Sd\/ þygVdawmfudkaxmufí
opömav;yg;udk odjcif;wlaomfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh yapöuAk'¨gwkdU todcsif; uGmjcm;aMumif;
tjcm;t&d,mwkdUESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;rSm omíyif uGmjcm;rnf jzpfaMumif;udk rSwfom;xm;oifh\/
obm0,kwådazmfjycsuf
34/ bk&m;a[mygVd aom"u tm*r,kwådtm;jzifh oAÁñkwÓPf½SdyHk a*gwrbk&m;½Sif
oAÁñkwÓPf&½SdyHkwkdUukd jyNyD;aemuf avmuobm0,kwådtm;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;taejzifh oAÁñkwÓPf
&½SdyHkudk jyOD;tHh/
yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,mufü todÓPf ynm½Sdvm&efrSm (xl;jcm;aom yg&rD½Sifrsm; r[kwfvQif)
tcsdef,lum qE´ 0D&d, orm"dwkdUjzifh avhvmêud;ukwf tm;xkwfqnf;yl;&NrJ jzpfayonf/ rsufjrifavmu
ynmoif,laeMuaom ausmif;om;b0udk avhvmvQif 3-ESpf? 4-ESpfom ynmoifMum;EkdifolwkdUonf
rlvwef;tqifh ynmavmufom wwfajrmufMu\/ 6-ESpf? 7-ESpf oifMum;EkdifvQif tv,fwef;tqifh?
xkdxuftcsdef,lum avhvmtm;xkwfygvQif txufwef;tqifh wuúodkvftqifh ponfh tqifhjrifynmudk
&½SdEkdifayonf/ þum; a,bk,soabmudk ûcHiHk oHk;oyfjcif; jzpf\/

tpodkU
tcsdKUaom olwkdUüum; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tHhMoavmufatmif ynmxl;cRefonfukd awGUEkdifayonf/

Oyrm-
(u) jrefrmjynfwGif t*Fvdyftpdk;&vufxufu 6-ESpfom;t½G,f armifxGef;êudifonf
yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk EIwfwuf tm*HkaqmifEkdifí yd#uwfarmifxGef;êudif[k
xif½Sm;cJhzl;onf/ ol\taMumif;rSm jrefrmjynfomru urÇmokdUyif ausmfMum;cJh\/
(c) rHk½Gmc½dkif uEéDûrdUrS ausmfMum;xif½Sm;aom uEéDq&mawmfBuD;\ r,fawmfBuD;
a':aumif;onf yd#uwfawmf ygVdpmayrsm;udk wpfBudrfrQ zwf½Ijcif;jzifh EIwfwuftm*Hk
&½Sdavonf/
(*) NAdwdoQ oHtrwfwpfOD;jzpfol 0DvsH[mrDvfwefonf 3-ESpft½G,fuyif a[NAJ ([Db½l;)
bmomudk wwfajrmuf \/ 7-ESpft½G,fwGif a[NAJbmomudk oifMum;aeaom
wuúodkvfausmif;om;wpfOD;xuf ydkí wwfajrmufNyD; 12-ESpft½G,fwGif yg½Sef tl&'l
[if'lpwefeD tygt0if bmompum;aygif; 12-rsdK;udk ajymqkdEkdif\/
(C) tar&duefjynfrS 0DvsH*sdrf;qpf'pfonf touf 2-ESpft½G,frSmyif ta&;tzwf
wwfajrmuf\/
(i) ocFsmynmbufwGif t½G,fESifhrvdkufatmif xl;cRefaeaomuav;rsm;udkvnf; rMumcP
awGUjrifMum;odae&\/
þxl;cRefrIrsm;um; þb0ü avhvmqnf;yl;aom 0D&d, ponfaMumifhom r[kwfbJ
a½S;a½S;b0u avhvmcJhaom yg&rDukodkvftxHkwkdU\ taxmuftyHhu vGefuJpGmyg0ifaeaomaMumifhvnf;
jzpfayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wpfb0 ESpfb0ru b0aygif; &maxmifodef;oef;[k ra&wGufEkdif?
av;toFacsESifh urÇmwpfodef;wkdU umvywfvHk; b0rsdK;pHkü usifvnfum oAÁñkwÓPfudk
½SmrSD;awmfrlcJhavonf/ oAÁñkwÓPfynm&½dSa&;twGuf y"meOD;wnfcsufxm;vsuf jzpfav&m&m
b0rsm;pGmwkdUü ay;urf;vª'gef;jcif; ('geyg&rD)? tusifhoDvapmifhxdef;jcif; (oDvyg&rD)? umrtaESmiftzGJU
tdrftaESmiftzGJUwkdUrS cGJcGmxGufajrmufjcif; (aeu©r®yg&rD)? todynmtxl;xl;udk qnf;yl;avhvmjcif;
(ynmyg&rD) paom yg&rDawmfwkdUukd trsm;olwkdYxuf xl;uJpGmjznfhusifhawmfrlvsuf oAÁñkwÓPfynmudk
½SmrSD;cJhavonf/
xkdokdU av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; umvywfvHk; xl;xl;uJuJ jznfhusifhqnf;yl;cJhjcif;aMumifh
&½Sdvmaom ynmrSm rnfonfhyk*¾dKvf\ynmESifhrQ EIdif;,SOfwkdif;wmír&aom tvHk;pHkodaomynm (0g)
oAÁñkwÓPfawmfom jzpf&ayrnf/
35/ xkdUjyif jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;a'oemawmfwdkUukd qifjcifavhvmvQif
oAÁñkwÓPfawmf½Sif jrwfpGmbk&m;jzpfaMumif; od½SdEkdifayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf opömav;yg;
w&m;awmf? y#dpöorkyÜm'f w&m;awmfwkdUuJhokdU rSefuefwdus cufcJeufeJvSaom w&m;awmfrsm;?

tpodkU
jA[®ZmvokwfuJhokdU t,l0g'rsdK;pHk rdpäm'd|dtzHkzHkudk vTrf;ûcHí a[mMum;aom a'oemrsm;?

y|mef;usrf;BuD;tygt0if tbd"r®ma'oemwkdUuJhokdU BuD;us,fvSaom a'oemawmfwkdUukd
a[mMum;awmfrl&m ¤if;a'oemawmfwkdUukd jzpfay:apaomÓPfrSm oAÁñkwÓPfrSwyg; tjcm;ÓPf
rjzpfEkdifawmhay/
jA[®ZmvokwfuJhokdU av;eufus,fjyefUaom okwfw&m;awmfBuD;rsm; "r®o*FPD 0dbif; paom
tbd"r®mckepfusrf; w&m;awmfrsm;udk zwf½Hkavmuf r[kwfbJ q&morm;enf; ususee oif,lqnf;yl;
avhvmusihfBuHzl;ol rSeforQ twdrfteufudk em;vnfNyD; bk&m;½Siftm; oAÁñkwÓPfawmfr½Sd[k rnfolrQ
rajym&JMuay/ yd#uoHk;yHkudk oabm a&;ajzESifhwuG EIwfiHkaqmifMuaom rnfonfhq&mawmfurQ
oAÁñkwÓPfawmftay: oHo,r½SdonfrSm xif½Sm;aom vufawGUom"u jzpfavonf/
36/ xkdUjyif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf udk,fawmfwkdifxkd;xGif;od½Sdaom w&m;tm;vHk;udk tukeftpif
a[mawmfrlcJhonf r[kwfay/ od½Sdxm;aomw&m;awmfwkdUteuf owå0gwkdUtusdK;½Sdr,fh w&m;tcsdKU
wpfpdwfwpfa'oavmufukdom a[mMum;awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/ odawmfrlvsuf ra[mMum;cJhaom
w&m;wkdUum; a[mMum;NyD;w&m;wkdUxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm usef½Sdaeao;\/ þtcsufonf atmufyg
r[m0*¾oH,kwåygVd oDoyg0eokwf -ESm 383-jzifh xif½Sm;\/
37/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf aumorÁDjynf ,if;wkdufawmü oDwif;oHk;aexkdifawmfrlpOfu
tenf;i,faom ,if;wkduf ½GufwkdYukd vufjzifhudkifí ]]&[ef;wkdU ig vufjzifh udkifxm;aom
,if;wkduf½GufwdkUESifh (usefaom) awmtwGif;½Sd ,if;wkduf½GufwkdUonf tb,fu rsm;oenf;}} [k
ar;awmfrl\/ &[ef;wkdUu ]]t½Sifbk&m; jrwfpGmbk&m; vufjzifh udkifxm;aom ,if;wkduf½GufwkdUonf
enf;vSyg\/ pifppfum; awmtwGif;½Sd ,if;wkduf½GufwkdUonfom rsm;vSygukef\/}} [k avQmufxm;Mu\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]&[ef;wkdU þtwlyif igonf xl;aomÓPfjzifh odí ra[mMum;aom w&m;wkdUom
rsm;ukef\/ tb,fhaMumifh ra[moenf;[lrl r*fwnf;[laom tusifhjrwf\ tp r[kwf/y/ wPSmrS
xGufajrmuf&ef rjzpf? xkdUaMumifh ig ra[m[k rdefUawmfrl\/ (r[m0*¾ oHokwfygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
oDoyg-0eokwf-389)
xkdrQ rsm;jym;vSaom w&m;wkdUukd odaomÓPfrSm tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;r½Sd odjrifaom
oAÁñkwÓPfawmfyif jzpfayonf/ þodkU jzpfEkdifcsuf obm0,kwådukd axmufívnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;ü
tvHk;pHkodaom oAÁñkwÓPfawmf ½SdaMumif; odEkdifonf/
a'0'wfudk &[ef;ûyay;jcif;
38/ a'0'wfukd &[ef;ûycGifh ay;jcif;aMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a'0'wf\ a½S;tjzpfukd rod?
jrwfpGmbk&m;ü oAÁñkwÓPfr½Sd[k or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUem,u q&mpdefu trSefw&m;okawoe
trSwf(1) pmapmifü pGyfpGJ a&;om;cJh\/ a½S;tjzpf[k qkd&mü jzpfvwåHUaom tem*wfudk qkdvdk[ef

tpodkU
½Sdayonf/ q&mpdefonf a'0'wfudk &[ef;ûycGifh ay;jcif;taMumif;udk rodaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;?

jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;a'oemwkdUudk oabmaygufem;vnfrI r½Sd? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk Munfñdkaom
o'¨gw&m;enf;yg;NyD; tjypf½SmvdkaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; xkdodkU pGyfpGJa&;om;jcif; jzpfayrnf/
a'0'wftm; &[ef;ûycGifhay;jcif;taMumif;udk apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdUu "r®y't|uxmtukd;tum;jzifh
0daooapm'emü wifjycJhMuNyD; jzpfonf/ rdvdEýO§ygVdawmfüvnf; rdvdE´rif;BuD;u ar;í
t½Sifem*aoeu atmufygtwkdif; ajzqkd awmfrlcJh\/
]]um½kPdaum r[m&mZ b*0g oAÁñk p? um½kane r[m&mZ b*0g
oAÁñkwnmaPe a'0'wåó *wð MoavmauaEÅm t'ó a'0'wåH/y/ tyAÁZdawmyd t,H
armCyk&daom uyÜ|dwd, ar0urÜH tm,l[dówDwd um½kane a'0'wåH yAÁmaZod}} (ck 11? 14/)
(rdvdEýO§ygVd)
jrefrmjyef
rif;jrwf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oem;jcif; ]]u½kPm}}vnf; ½Sdawmfrl\/ tvHk;pHkaom
w&m;wkdUudkvnf; odawmfrl\/ oem;awmfrlaomaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oAÁñkwÓPfawmfjzifh
a'0'wf\ vm;&m ]]*wd}} udk Munfhawmfrlonf½Sdaomf tyg,fü usapwwfaom uHukd tm;xkwfí
uka#wpfodef;ru rsm;pGmaom urÇmwkdUywfvHk; i&JwpfckrS i&J wpfckokdU ysufpD;us? a&muf&mwpfckrS
ysufpD;us a&muf&mwpfckodkU vm;a&mufvwåHUaom a'0'wfudk jrifawmfrl\/ xkdtaMumif;udk
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oAÁñkwÓPfawmfjzifh odawmfrlí þa'0'wf\ tykdif;tjcm;r½Sdaom uHonf
igbk&m;\ omoemawmfü &[ef;ûyonf½Sdaomf tqHk;tykdif;tjcm; ½Sdonf jzpfvwåHU/ qif;&Jonf
a½S;qkdcJhNyD;aom tydkif;tjcm;r½Sdaom uHukdaxmufí tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;½Sdonf jzpfvwåHY/ (r*fzkdvfrS)
tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom þolonf &[ef;rûyaomfvnf; (i&Jü) wpfurÇmywfvHk; wnfvdrfhrnfom
jzpfaomuHukd tm;xkwfvwåHU[k odawmfrlí oem;aomaMumifh a'0'wfudk &[ef;ûyay;awmfrl\/
(rd jref? 123 /) (rdvdEýO§ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef)
¤if;ygVdawmfukd tusOf;csKyfaomf oAÁûywÓPfawmf t&if;cHaom r[mu½kPmawmfaMumifh
a'0'wftm; &[ef;ûycGifhay;onf[k rSwf,ltyf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a'0'wf\ a½SUtjzpf
aemuftjzpfwkdUukd wpfb0omru b0 rsm;pGmwkdUukdyg odjrifawmfrlayonf/
39/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf bk&m;tjzpfokdU a&mufawmfrlcgrS rdrdtoufudk tEÅ&m,fûyrnfholwkdU\
tusdK;pD;yGm;udk aqmifawmfrlonf r[kwfao;/ yg&rDjznfhusifh&if EkpOftcgwkdUüvnf; rdrdOD;acgif;udk
ausmufcJjzifh xkum touf &ef½Smaom rsufaphvnf vrf;rSm;aeaom ykPÖm;wpfa,muftm; vrf;rSefukd
ñTefMum;jyoum tusdK;ukd aqmifawmfrlcJh\/ (Zmwut|uxm yÍör r[muydZmwf? ESm-70)
xkdokdU tusdK;udk aqmifcJhaom b0wkdUrSm rsm;jym;vSukef\/ vuf½Sd or®m'd|dokawoe
todkif;t0kdif; yk*¾dKvfrsdK;taejzifhum; rdrdukd &efrlrnfholtm; êudwifumuG,f ESdrfeif;xm;rnfom jzpfonf/

tpodkU
þodkU &efoludk ta&;,ljcif;onf vlomrefwdkUtwGuf obm0us[ef ½Sdaomfvnf; twkr½Sd xdyfwef;

olawmfaumif;BuD;jzpfaom jrwfpGmbk&m;tzkdUrlum; &efoludk êudwifta&;,ljcif;onf obm0rusay/
or®m'd|dokawoeorm;wkdUonf bk&m;udpöudk bk&m;vdk rpOf;pm;bJ rdrdwkdUuJhodkU ukd,fcsif;pmNyD;
pOf;pm;aerdMuojzifh ,ckvdk pGyfpGJrdjcif; jzpfayonf/ bk&m;um; bk&m;aywnf;/
ao;Ekyfaom odu©myk'frsm;
40/ oAÁñkwÓPf&ygvsuf tb,faMumifh Ekwfy,foifhaom ao;Ekyfaom odu©myk'frsm;udk
Ekwfy,fMuyg[k rdefUawmfrl&ygoenf;[lí q&mpdefu apm'emxm;\/ oAÁñkwÓPf r½Sdíom xkduJhodkU
rdefUawmfrljcif;jzpf\[k q&mpdefwkdU\ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUu ,lqcJhMujcif; jzpfonf/
apm'uq&mawmfwkdUu ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;udk Ekwfy,fypfMuavmh}} [k
wpfxpfcs ckdif;awmfrrlbJ Ekwfy,fvdku Ekwfy,fMu[kom ckdif;awmfrlcJhaMumif;ESifh xkdokdU
rdefUMum;awmfrljcif;\ &nf½G,fcsufESpfrsdK;udkyg ('D #D 2? 186) tudk;tum;jzifh 0daooapm'emü
wifjycJhMuayonf/
41/ 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf rl&if;jzpfaom ygVdawmfudk Munfh½Iaomtcg 'DCedum,
r[m0*¾ygVd r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü-
]]tmucFrmaem tmeE´ oHaCm rrpöa,e ck'´gEkck'úmed odu©my'ged orl[ewk}}
('D 2? 127/)
[k awGU½Sd&onf/
jrefrmjyef
]]tmeE´m oHCmawmfonf ig uG,fvGefaomtcgü tao;tEkyfodu©myk'fwkdUukd Ekwfy,fvdkaomf
Ekwfy,favavmh}} [k jzpf\/
þwGif q&mpdefu ]]Ekwfy,fvkdcJhaomf}} [laom pum;udk csefxm;í ]]Ekwfy,foifhaom}} [laom
pum;udk xnfhoGif; xm;&m a[mawmfrl&if; pum;awmfESifh tmabmfvGJaeayonf/ q&mpdef a&;om;cJhaom
(8) trSwfjy pum;ESifh EIdif;,SOfMunhfyg/
rl&if;pum;awmfrSm ]]Ekwfy,fvkdcJhaomf Ekwfy,fav}} [k a[mawmfrl&um; ]]rEkwfy,fvdkaomf
rEkwfy,fESifh}} [laom t"dyÜm,fpum;us oufa&mufawmhonfom jzpf\/
xkdokdU rdefUawmfrljcif;\ taMumif;rSmvnf; ao;i,faom odu©myk'frsm;udk rusifhBuHvdkMuaom
yk*¾dKvfwkdU\ tvdk(yk*¾vZÑmo,) tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? omoemawmfESifh oHCmawmfwkdU\
BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfyHkudk xif½Sm;apvdkaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; rdefUMum;jcif; jzpfaMumif;ukd om&w¬'DyeD#Dum
wwd,wGJ (ESm-499) ü jyqkdxm;onf/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdUuvnf; þt"dyÜm,frsdK;udk 0daooapm'emü
jyqkdNyD; jzpf\/

tpodkU
42/ ]]Ak'üdk,fwkdif ynwfawmfrlcJhonfh odu©mydk'frsm;ü Ekwfy,foifhaom odu©myk'frsm;

yg½SdEkdifygrnfavm}} [k q&mpdefu xyfqifhí apm'u wufxm;\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmfü
]]Ekwfy,foifhaom ao;Ekyfaom odu©myk'f rsm;udk}} [k rqkd? ]]ao;Ekyfaom odu©myk'frsm;udk}} [kom
0daooerûybJ qkdonf/ ]]Ekwfy,foifhaom}} [laom 0daooerSm q&mpdefu tydkxnfhxm;jcif; jzpfNyD;
rdrdxnfhxm;aom pum;&yfukd rdrdukd,fwkdif apm'emaejcif; jzpf\/ xkdUaMumifh ajz½Sif;zG,fyif rvdkawmhNyD/
43/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynfhom; om0uwkdUonf ¤if;odu©myk'fwkdUukd Ekwfy,fvdkaom qE´r½Sd?
wkd;íom usifhBuH vkdMu&um; Ekwfy,foifhaom odu©myk'frsm; ½Sd-r½Sdudk a0zef&efyif tvdkr½SdMuay/
oAÁñkwÓPfjzifh odí r[mu½kPmawmfjzifh ynwfcJhaom odu©myk'fwkdUü y,fEkwfoifhaom odu©myk'f[k
r½Sdvnf; r½Sday/
]],m0 uD0Íö bdu©a0 bdu©L tynwåH e ynayóEÅd? ynwåH e orkpädE´dóEÅd? ,xm
ynawåok odu©mya'ok orm'g, 0wådóEÅd? 0k'¨da,0 bdu©a0 bdu©LeH yg#ducFg? aem
y&d[med/}} ('D 2? 65/)
]]&[ef;wkdU &[ef;wkdUonf (bk&m;) rynwfaomt&mudk rynwfbJ ynwfNyD;aomt&mudk
ry,fzsufbJ ynwfxm;orQaom odu©myk'fwkdUudk aumif;pGmaqmufwnfí usifhaeorQ umvywfvHk;
&[ef;wkdUtm; BuD;yGm;&efom½Sday\/ qkwf,kwf&efum; r½Sday/ (¤if; r[m0*fygVdawmf jrefrmjyef ESm-75)
þygVdawmfukd axmufí jrwfpGmbk&m; ynwfcJhaom odu©myk'fwkdUü y,fEkwfzG,fvnf; r½Sd?
jznfhpGufzG,fvnf; rvdk? twdtus jynfh0NyD;om;[k rSwf,l&rnf/
jyqkdcJhNyD;aom taMumif;rsm;udk rodaomaMumifhom q&mpdefonf jrwfpGmbk&m;ü oAÁñkwÓPf
r½Sdav[ef a0zef a&;om;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/
0dZÆmoHk;yg;
44/ q&mpdefu ]]0dZÆmoHk;yg;onf &[EÅmwkdif; &½Sdaom todÓPf jzpf\/ þodkUqkdygrl Ak'ËSifh
&[EÅm rnfodkU jcm;em;ygoenf;}} [k a&;om;cJhjyef\/
0dZÆmoHk;yg;udk &[EÅmwkdif; r&Mu/ tcsdKUaom &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwkdUom 0dZÆmoHk;yg;udk &MuaomaMumifh
q&mpdef\ pum; onf tpuyif rSm;,Gif;cJhavNyD/ xif½Sm;apOD;tHh/
£wd0kwåuygVd aw0dZÆokwf ESm-261? rZÑdryPÖmoygVd aw0dZÆ0päokwf ESm 249-ponfwkdUt&
0dZÆmoHk;yg;[lonf ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf? 'dAÁpu©KÓPf? tmo0u©,ÓPfwkdU jzpfMuonf/
xkdoHk;rsdK;wkdYwGif t&[wår*fudk tmom0u©,[k qkd&aomaMumifh tmo0u©ÓPf[laom 0dZÆmonf
&[EÅmwkdif; &Mu\/ ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf? 'dAÁpu©KÓPfwkdUum; psmeftbdnmOf&rS
jzpfay:EkdifaomaMumifh ¤if;ÓPfESpfrsdK;ukd &[EÅmwkdif; r&Mu? psmef tbdnmOf &aom &[EÅmwkdUom
&EkdifMuavonf/ xkdpum;rSef\/ ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf okodrokwfü rsm;pGmaom &[ef;wkdUonf

tpodkU
jrwfpGmbk&m;txHawmfü t&[wåzkdvf&aMumif; (&[EÅmjzpfaMumif;) avQmufxm;Mu&m okodrrnfaom

&[ef;u ]]t½Sifbk&m;wkdU xkduJhodkU odjrifMuvQif (&[EÅmjzpfMuvQif) wefckd;trsdK;rsdK; zefqif;Ekdifygovm;/
ykaAÁed0goudk atmufarhEkdifygovm;/ 'dAÁpu©Kjzifh owå0gwkdUukd jrifEkdifygovm;}} ponfjzifh ar;jref;&m
xkd&[ef;wkdUu wefckd; rzefqif;EkdifaMumif;? ykaAÁed0goudk ratmufarhEkdifaMumif;? 'dAÁpu©Kjzifh
rjrifEkdifaMumif; rdrdwkdUonf ynm0drkwårsm;om jzpfaMumif; ajzqkdMuonf/ xkd&[ef;wkdUonf xkd0gwGif;ü
t&[wåzkdvf&olrsm; jzpfMu\/ (¤if;t|uxm 116)
45/ okodronf xkd&[ef;wkdU ajzMum;csufukd em;rvnfojzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;xH
avQmufxm;ar;jref;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u w&m;a[mawmfrlaomtcg &[EÅmtjzpfodkU a&mufvm\/
okodronf oludk,fwkdif &[EÅmjzpfaomfvnf; £'¨d0d"? 'dAÁaomw? ykaAÁed0gomEkówd? 'dAÁpu©K ponf
r&bJ oku©0dyóuyif jzpfayonf/ xkdtaMumif;udk t|uxmü ]]e au0vH wGar0 edZÑmeaum
oku©0dyóaum? {awyd bdu©L {0½lyga,0}} [k rdefUqkdavonf/ (ed'geoH,kwf/ |-ESm-117)
46/ xkdUjyif ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf t|uxm o'¨r®ywd½lyuokwf tzGifh ESm-187 ü-
]]£'ged umav ypäaEÅ wdaóm 0dZÆm ygykPdwHk toauúmEÅm tmo0u©,rwåH
ygykPdóEÅd}}-
[k zGifhqkdxm;\/
jrefrmjyef
,cktcgü umvMumvGefaomf 0dZÆmoHk;yg;odkU a&mufjcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifMuonf jzpfí
tmo0u©,rQodkUom a&mufMu ukefvwåHU/
þtzGifhukd axmufívnf; 0dZÆmoHk;yg;vHk; r&Muaom &[EÅmwkdUvnf; ½SdaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/
tcsKyftm;jzifh oku©0dyóu&[EÅmwkdUonf psmef? 0dZÆm? tbdnmOf? y#dorÇd'gwkdUukd r&Mu/ xkdUaMumifh
0dZÆmoHk;yg;onf &[EÅmwkdif; &aom tbdnmOfjzpf\[laom q&mpdef\ pum;onf xifrdxif&m
a&;om;aom trSm;oufouf jzpf\/ tpuyif rSm;cJhNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh þodkUqkdygrl Ak'ËSifh &[EÅm
rnfodkU jcm;em;ygoenf;[laom aemufqufwGJykpämudk a0zef&efyif rvdktyfvSawmhay/

tpodkU
jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh &[EÅmwkdU jcm;em;yHk

47/ odkUaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh &[EÅmwkdY uGmjcm;yHkudk t>rufrQ jyqkdOD;thH/
&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwkdUonf udavomtm;vHk; y,fowfNyD;Mucsif; wlaomfvnf; avmuDpsmef tbdnmOft&mü
y#dorÇd'gywå&[EÅm? qVbdn&[EÅm? aw0dZÆ&[EÅm? oku©0dyóu&[EÅm ponfjzifh &[EÅmcsif;vnf;
uGmjcm;Mu\/ 0dZÆmoHk;yg;ukd &aom aw0dZÆ&[EÅmcsif;vnf; uGmjcm;Mu\/ xif½Sm;apOD;tHh/
0dZÆmoHk;yg;wkdUwGif ykaAÁed0gomEkówd0dZÆmudk-
(1) wdw¬drsm;?
(2) yuwdom0ursm;?
(3) r[mom0ursm;?
(4) t*¾om0ursm;?
(5) yapöuAk'¨grsm;
(6) jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdU &½SdEkdifMu\/
xkdyk*¾dKvfwkdUwGif-
(1) wdw¬dwkdUonf urÇmav;q,fom atmufarhEkdifukef\/
(2) yuwdom0uwkdUonf urÇmwpf&m? wpfaxmif atmufarhEkdifukef\/
(3) r[mom0uwkdUonf urÇmwpfodef; atmufarhEkdifukef\/
(4) t*¾om0uwkdUonf wpftoacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; atmufarhEkdifukef\/
(5) yapöuAk'¨gwkdUonf ESpftoacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; atmufarhEkdifukef\/
(6) jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdYonf tykdif;tjcm;r½Sd atmufarhEkdifukef\/
48/ xkdUjyifvnf;-
(1) wdw¬dwkdYonf cE¨mtpOfudk avQmufíom atmufarhEkdifukef\/ tpOfudk vTwfí
pkwdy#doaE¨tm;jzifh atmufarhjcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifMuukef/
(2-3) yuwdom0uESifh r[mom0uwkdUonf cE¨mtpOftm;jzifhvnf;aumif;
pkwdy#doaE¨tm;jzifh vnf;aumif; atmufarhEkdifukef\/
(4) t*¾om0uwkdUonf cE¨mtpOftm;jzifh atmufarh&ef rvdkbJ pkwdy#doaE¨tm;jzifh
atmufarhEkdifukef\/
(5) yapöuAk'¨wkdYvnf; xdkUtwlyif jzpf\/
(6) jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdUonfum; cE¨mtpOfodkUvnf; avQmufzG,frvdk? pkwdy#doaEüdkvnf;
½IzG,fr½SdbJ tvdk½Sdovdk atmufarhEdkif\/
(0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxm? 'k-41? 'DCedum,r[m0*¾t|uxm-2/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾t|uxm/y/323)

tpodkU
þodkUvQif ykaAÁed0got&mü om0ujzpfaom &[EÅmcsif;vnf; uGmjcm;Mu\/ &[EÅmESifh

jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdUonfum; omíyif uGmjcm;awmhonfom/
49/ ,m0wuH ye tmuacF,s? wm0wuH yaó,s? {0H y&dok'¨H b*0awm 'dAÁpu©K/
(r[meda'óygVd/ 277/ plVdeda'óygVd/ 174) wkdUukdaxmufí jrwfpGmbk&m;\ 'dAÁpu©Konf
tvdkawmf½Sdoavmuf ½IjrifEkdifaom tvGefpifMu,faom 'dAÁpu©Kjzpf\/ tjcm;&[EÅmwkdU\ 'dAÁpu©Kum;
tvdk½Sdoavmuf rjrifEkdif? þodkU uGmjcm;\/
50/ t&[wår*fudk tmo0u©,0dZÆm[k ac:\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdU\ tmo0u©,0dZÆm
(t&[wår*f)onf udavomwkdUukd y,fowf&mü 0goemESifhwuG y,fowfEkdif\/ tjcm;&[EÅmwkdU\
t&[wår*fonf 0goemESifhwuG ry,fowfEkdif? þodkU tmo0u©,0dZÆmcsif; uGmjcm;Mu\/ xkdUaMumifh
om&w¬'DyeD#Dum (y) 217? 0dok'¨dr*¾r[m#Dum (y) 219 wkdYü ]]e [d XaywGm b*0EÅH tan
o[0goem, udavao y[mwHk oauúmEÅd}} [k rdefUqkd\/ teufum;-
]][d? rSef\/ b*0EÅH? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ XaywGm? csefxm;í/ tan?
jrwfpGmbk&m;rSwyg;ukefaom (&[EÅm) yk*¾dKvfwkdUonf/ o[ 0goem,? 0goemESifhwuG/
udavao? udavomwkdUudk/ y[mwHk? y,fjcif;iSm/ e oauúmEÅd? rpGrf;EkdifMuukef/}}
51/ xkdUjyif t&[wår*frSeforQ t&[wåzkdvf[laomtusdK;udk ay;EkdifMuaomfvnf;
tcsdKUolwkdU\ t&[wår*fonf t&[wåzdkvfudkom ay;Ekdif\/ tcsdKUolwkdU\ t&[wår*fonf
0dZÆmoHk;yg;udkom? tcsdKUolwkdU\ t&[wår*fonf tbdnmOfajcmufyg;wkdUukdom? tcsdKUolwkdU\
t&[wår*fonf y#dorÇd'gav;yg;wkdUukdom ay;Ekdif\/ (y) yapöuAk'¨gwkdU\ t&[wår*fonf
yapöuaAm"dÓPfukdom ay;Ekdif\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdU\t&[wår*fum; tvHk;pHkaom*kPfwkdUESifh
jynfhpHkjcif;ukday;Ekdif\/ xkdUaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdU\ t&[wår*fudkom ]]tEkwå& (twk½Sdaom) aAm"d}} [k
qkd&onf/ yg&mZduu@t|uxm y wGJ 110? þt|uxmudk aumufí t&[wår*f[laom
tmo0u©,0dZÆmcsif; uGmjcm;yHkudk odtyf\/
q&mpdefonf yd#uwfpmayusrf;*ef rESHUpyf½Smojzifh 0dZÆmoHk;yg;ukd &[EÅmwkdif;&onf[k
rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqa&;om;NyD; bk&m;ESifh &[EÅm ruGmjcm;[efjzifh bmomjcm;pma&;q&mwkdU\ avoHukd
aemufa,mifcHvdkufwwf½HkrQjzifh a&;om;cJhavonf/ jyqkdcJhNyD;aom ygVdawmf t|uxm #DumwkdYt&-
]]&[EÅmwdkif; 0dZÆmoHk;yg; r&Mu? 0dZÆmoHk;yg;udk&aom &[EÅmcsif;aomfrSvnf; jcm;em;Mu\/
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tom"m&PÓPfawmf
52/ þodkU om0uwkdUESifh qufqHí om0uwkdUüvnf;½Sdaom 0dZÆmoHk;yg;wkdUü jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh
om0u&[EÅmwkdU uGmjcm;Muonfomru &[EÅmom0uwkdU vkdufírrSDEkdifç &[EÅmom0uwkdUü r½Sd? jrwfpGm
bk&m;wkdUüom½Sdaom tmom"m&PÓPfawmfwkdUvnf; ½Sdao;\/
¤if;ÓPfawmfwkdUrSm-
(1) owå0gwkdU\ £aÈ´t,kwf tjrwf tEkt&ifhudkodaom £NE´d,ya&my&d,wåÓPf/
(2) owå0gwkdU\ tmo, tEko,udk odaom tmo,mEko,ÓPf/
(3) tpHktpHkaom wefckd;jym#d[mudk jy&müjzpfaom ,ruyg#d[m&d,ÓPf/
(4) r[mu½kPmormywfESifhwuG jzpfaomÓPf/
(5) tvHk;pHkudkodaom oAÁñkwÓPf/
(6) twm;tqD;r½Sd odaom tem0&PÓPfwkdUjzpf\/
(y#dorÇd'gr*fVd? 4/ ¤if; t|uxm? y-54/)
þÓPfawmfwkdUjzifhvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh tjcm;&[EÅmwkdUonf uGmjcm;Mu\/
53/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmf-375-ü &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf\ynmonf yapöuAk'¨g\ynmESifh
tvGefa0;uGm jcm;em;aMumif;ç &[EÅmudkaxmufí yapöuAk'¨gonf a0;uGmjcm;em;aom ynm½Sdol
(tomrEÅynm) rnfaMumif;ç yapöuAk'¨gESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ynmonf a0;uGmí yapöuAk'¨gESifh
wpfavmuvHk;udkaxmufí jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tjrwfqHk; tuGmjcm;qHk;jzpfaom ynm½Sdyk*¾dKvf jzpfaMumif;
jyqkdxm;onf/
54/ ynmt&müomvQif uGmjcm;awmfrlonf r[kwfao;? oDvç orm"dç 0drkwådç 0drkwåd
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(0dok'¨dr*¾ t|uxm? y? 201) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oDvç orm"dç ynm paom emrum,
(emrfw&m;taygif;) jzifhom uGmjcm;awmfrlonfr[kwfao;/ 32-yg;aom a,mufsm;jrwfwkdU\ vu©Pmç
ajcmufjzmaom a&mifjcnfawmf wkdUjzifh wifhw,faom ½lyum,awmfjzifhvnf; &[EÅmwkdUESifh
uGmjcm;ao;\/ þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh &[EÅmwdkU ruGmjcm;vS[k xifaeaom
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwkdUuJodkUaom olrsm;twGuf t`rGufrQ jyqdkcsufwnf;/
55/ ]]oAÁñkwÓPfonf 0dZÆmokH;yg;wdkYudk MuGif;usefr½Sd xdk;xGif;NyD; odjrif&½SdcJhaom
ÓPfjzpf\}}[k q&mpdefu qdkjyefonf/ oAÁñkwÓPf[lonf-0dZÆmokH;yg;jzpfonf[k qdkvdk[ef wl\/
trSefrSm-0dZÆmokH;yg;onf om0uwdkUvnf; qufqH\/ oAÁñkwÓPfum; om0uwdkUESifh
rqufqH? oD;jcm;jzpf\/

tpodkU
0dZÆmokH;yg;wdkUwGif ykaAÁed0gomEkówdonf vGefcJhNyD;aom twdwfw&m;wdkUudk tm½Hkûy\/

'dAÁpu©Konf ypöyÜKef ½lyg½Hkudk tm½Hkûy\/ (0dok'd¨r*¾t|uxm? 'k/ 63-64/ tbd"r®m0wm&? 1147-1153-
*gxmrsm;) tmo0u©,onf tyÜrmPç A[d'¨ç e 0wåAÁjzpfaom edAÁmefudktm½kHûy\/
(oDvu©E¨0*¾ t|uxm? 203/ y|me ygVd (y)/ 135/)
oAÁñkwÓPfonf tvkH;pkHudktm½kHûy\/ (oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxm? 93) þodkU tm½kHtm; jzifhvnf;
0dZÆm okH;yg;ESifh oAÁñkwÓPfwdkU rwlaMumif;ç oD;jcm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; odom\/
56/ y#dordÇ'gr*¾ygVd 125/127 wdkUü oAÁñkwÓPftaMumif;udk ]]tvkH;pkHaom ocFw
tocFww&m;ç tvkH;pkHaom twdwf tem*wf ypöyÜKefw&m;}} wdkUudk odaomaMumifh oAÁñkw ÓPfrnf\
ponfjzifh tus,fjyqdkxm;onf/
xdkUaMumifh 0dZÆmokH;yg;udk odjrifaomÓPfudk oAÁñkwÓPf jzpfav[efqdkaom
q&mpdef\0g'onf trSm;oufoufom? tvkH;pkHodaom oAÁñkwÓPfudk wpfpdwfwpfa'oom odaom
ya'oÓPfjzpfatmif a&;aompum;om[k a0zefokH;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
,aeUjrefrmEdkifiHü ay:aygufaeaom awmifwGif;BuD;OD;Ouú|\ *dkPf;om;wdkUonf ½dk;om;aom
Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½Sifvltrsm;tm; rdpäm'd|d acsmufurf;yg;odkU wGef;csaeMuolrsm;om jzpfMuonf?
wenf;tm;jzifY vlUtjzpfudk &cJjcif;ç o'¨gw&m;ESifhjynfhpkHcJjcif;ç bk&m;½SifESifh awGU&cJjcif;ç
olawmfaumif;w&m; em&cJjcif;ç &[ef;b0udk &cJjcif;[laom 'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;udk &xm;olrsm;tm;
'kv’bw&m; vufvGwfoGm;atmif jzm;a,mif; aoG;aqmifaeMuolrsm;om jzpfayonf/
57/ þodkU a0zefjyqdkcJhonfhtwkdif; oAÁñkwÓPfawmfonf ygVdawmfwdkUü txift½Sm;
vm½Sdygvsuf ygVdawmfwdkUü rygbJ t|uxmq&mwdkU vkyfBuH a&;om;xm;av[efjzifh
ykwfcwfa&;om;Muaom or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if pk'dwuwdkU\ pum;&yfrsm;onf vnf;aumif;ç
jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh &[EåmwkdU rsm;pGmuGmjcm;ygvsuf rjcm;em;av[ef ykwfcwfa0zefMuaom
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if pk'dwuwdkU\ pum;&yfrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? ax&0g' yd#uwfygVdawmf
t|uxm #DumwdkUESifY qefUusifaomaMumifh t"r®®0g'omjzpfonf? ¤if;0g'udk ajymqdkMuaom
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUESifY ywfouforQ pk'dwuyk*d¾KvfwdkUonf t"r®0g'DwdkUom jzpfMuonf[k EdkifiHawmf
oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2) q&mawmfwdkUu wnDwñGwfwnf; qkH;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

apm'emtrSwf (8)
orx0dyóemudk y,fjcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ orxvrf;pOfESifh 0dyóemvrf;pOfwdkUudk zsufqD;NyD; oHo&mrS xGufajrmufa&;vrf;udk
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1/ apm'uyk*d¾Kvfrsm;u vlaovljzpf0g'D OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ¤if;\Mo0g'cH or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh taygif;tygaemufvdkufrsm;\ orx0dyóem vrf;pOfrsm;udk zsufqD; jcif;
orx 0dyóemvkyfief;onf Ak'¨0g'r[kwf[k oifwef;ydkUcsjcif;rsm;ESifY ywfoufí OD;Ouú|a&;
Ak'¨vrf;pOfpmtkyf pmrsufESm 65-rS
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yk*d¾Kvftaygif;wdkUonf Ak'üdk,fwdkifxGif Ak'üdk,fwdkifavQmufí Ak'üdk,fwkdif
ajymifajrmufcJhaom Ak'¨\tEkyg'ge vrf;pOfudk ½Sdao;onf[líyif todtrSwfrûyEdkifcJh/
(c) Ak'¨0g'jyóemrsm; trnf½Sdpmapmif pmrsufESm 19? 20-rS ]]wduspGmqdk&aomf Ak'¨0g'wGif
orxESifh 0dyóemvkyfief;pOfrsm; ryg0ifyg}}/
(*) odkUaomf orxESifh 0dyóemudk tvkH;pkHûcHí y,fjcif;rSm rjzpfEkdifyg/ taMumif;rSmrl
,if;orxESifh 0dyóemrsm;onf Ak'¨bmomavmuwckvkH; t½dk;pGJí toJckdufvsuf
½SdMuaomaMumifh ,if;wkdUudk arhavsmhxm;Ncif;iSm roifhyg/
[laom pum;&yfrsm;udk xkwfjyí xkdyk*d¾KvfwdkU\ a&;om;csufrsm;onf Ak'¨\ orx0dyóem usifhpOfudk
[dE´L a,m*[k t"r®ajymjcif; Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmfrlcJYaom orx0dyóem usifhpOfrsm;udk
Ak'¨0g'wGif ryg0if[k ajymifajymifwif;wif; a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfí ygxdu0*¾ygVd tocFwoH,kwf
ygVdawmfrsm;ESifh qefUusifjcif;aMumifh rdpäm"r® t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif;? xdkodkU ajyma[ma&;om;aom
yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf t"r®0g'Drsm;jzpfaMumif;udk apm'emMuavonf/
]]{um,aemf t,H bdu©a0 ra*¾g}} paom owdy|mefvrf;pOf ]]oDv0dok'd¨ ,m0a'0
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vrf;pOfrsm;onf orx 0dyóemvrf;pOfrsm;jzpfaMumif; "r®pMuma'oemawmfvm opöÓPf ponfwkdUESifh
tewåvu©Pokwfvm ]]aewH rr}} ponfwdkUonf 0dyóemvrf;pOfrsm; jzpfaMumif;udk
apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu om"utjzpf wifjyavQmufxm;Muavonf/

tpodkU
okH;oyfcsuf
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t&d,r*f\aemuftzdkUüvnf;aumif; jzpfonf/ udpöÓPfonf t&d,r*f\ a½SUtzdkUüomjzpfonf/
uwÓPfonfum; r*¾geEÅ&zdkvfrS aemuf ypöa0u©Pm tckdufüom jzpfonf\ tjzpfudk
uxm0w¬Krlv#Dumü þokdUjyqdkxm;ayonf/
]]y&dan,sEdÅ ykaAÁbma*g? y&dnmwEdÅ ty&bma*g? opöÓPH ye r*¾u©aPyd
y&dZmeem'dudpöom"e0aoe a[mwDwd tm[ o'¨ð ykAÁbm*y&bma*[Dwd}} (rlv #D 3? 112/)
xdkUaMumifh opöÓPf udpöÓPf uwÓPfwdkUonf 0dyóemvrf;pOfom r[kwf? 0dyóem
ÓPfESifhwuG t&d,r*fÓPf ypöa0u©PmÓPfrsm; jzpfMuonf/
3/ xdkapm'emudk pk'dwuwdkUu acsyaom"em&m0,f aom"empmydk'f (1) (2) (3) wdkUü
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ ]]Aka'¨g a[óH oa'0au oEÅma&óH oa'0uH}} [laomygVdrsm;\
okwåeftñTef; pmydk'fpmrsufESmrsm; razmfjyojzifY vkyfBuHxm;aom ygVdrsm;Nzpfava&mYovm;[k
oHo,0ifvsuf½SdaeaMumif; opömav;yg;odíom bk&m;NzpfaMumif; avmu[laomyk'frSm oa'0uavmu
[kwfrnfrxifaMumif; omrnzvokwfü ]]wxm*awm avmau OyÜZÆwd}} omyg½SdNyD; ]]oa'0au}}[laom
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twdtvif;yg½SdoNzifY xdkavmuonf umravmu wpfckvkH;udkom &nfñTef;csuf½SdaMumif; tu,fí
ewfjA[®mavmursm; yg0ifaeygvQif ]]oa'0au ojA[®au}}[k ygoifhaMumif; acsyMuavonf/
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a[óH}} paom ygVdrsm;onf y"me apm'emr[kwf? tajccHpum;rQjzpfjcif;aMumifh ,if;ygVdwdkU\
okwåefpmykd'f pmrsufESmwdkUudk rñTef;jcif;jzpf&m\/ ,if;ygVdawmfrsm;onf Ak'¨0Ho ygVdawmf pmrsufESm 310?
*gxmeHygwf 55-56-wdkYü txift½Sm;½SdNcif;aMumifY vkyfBuHxm;aomygVdrsm; r[kwfonfrSm
xif½Sm;ayonf/
5/ ]]opömav;yg;odíom bk&m;jzpfygonf}} [laomacsycsufum; apm'uq&mawmf rsm;\
]]Aka'¨g a[óH oa'0au/ y/ [laom &nf½G,fcsufawmfBuD;jzifh bk&m;tjzpfodkU a&mufawmfrlvm&um;}}
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opömav;yg;odíom bk&m;jzpfonf }} [k acsyvdk&if;jzpf\/
þtcsufudk pdppftHh? tm;vkH;aomyk*d¾KvfwdkUonf xdkxdkudpöwdkUudk ûyvkyfaqmif½GufMu&mü
&nf½G,fcsuf½Sdonfom jzpfMu\/ Ak'¨½SifawmfNrwfonfvnf; ]]NA[®mç vlç ewf okH;bkH&yfü bk&m; jzpfatmif
igusifhaqmifrnf? bk&m;jzpfvQif jA[®mç ewfç vl okH;bkHolwdkUudk oHo&mrS u,fwif xkwfaqmifrnf}}

tpodkU
[laom tvGefrGefjrwfaom &nf½G,fcsufawmfBuD;jzifh vufawmfodkU a&mufvkqJqJjzpfaom edAÁmefcsrf;omudk

y,fpGefUvsuf bk&m;qkudk yefqifum av;toacsFESifh urÇmwpfodef; umvywfvkH; yg&rDp*p&d,wdkUudk
jynfh0atmif jznfhusifYawmfrlNyD;í tqkH;b00,f rZÑdry#dy'gvrf;pOfjzifh bk&m;tjzpfodkU
a&mufawmfrlcJYonf/
þt&mü oHo&m0JMoCü epfrGef;arsmygaeMuaom owå0gwdkUtay:ü vGefpGmoem;awmfrlaom
r[mu½kPmawmfjzifh ]]oEÅma&óH oa'0uH}} ewfESifYwuGaom owå0gtaygif;udk
u,fwifxkwfaqmiftHh[k &nf½G,fcsufjzpfawmfrlonf/ xdkr[mu½kPmawmfonf taMumif;ç
yg&rDpm*p&d,onf tusdK;? yg&rDpm*p&d,onf taMumif;ç orx 0dyóemÓPfonf tusdK;? orx
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oAÁñkwÓPfawmfESifhwuG Ak'¨*kPfawmftaygif;onf tusdK;[k aMumif;usdK;qufum
bk&m;jzpfawmfrlvmjcif; jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh ]]&nf½G,fcsufjzifY bk&m; jzpfonfr[kwf?
opömav;yg;odíom bk&m;jzpfygonf}} [laom acsycsufum; pum;uyf udk;jcif;om jzpfayonf/
apm'uwdkU\pGJcsufudk vIyfacsmufjcm;jcif; rûyEdkif/
6/ omrnzvokwfü ]]wxm*awm avmau OyÜZÆwd}} omyg½SdNyD; ]]oa'0au}} [laom
0daoooeyk'f ryg½SdNcif;aMumifh ]]avmu[laomyk'frSm oa'0uavmu [kwfrnfrxif}} [laom
acsycsufonfvnf; ]]vlaovQif vlomjzpfonf? ewf jA[®m i&J ponfrjzpfEdkif}} [laom rdpämt,l\
zkH;uG,frIaMumifh trSefudkrjrif bk&m;½Sif\ a'oemrsm;udk y,f½Sm;vdkaom ta,medaom reodum&
apwemqdk;jzifh acsyaompum;om jzpfayonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkpk'dwuwdkU udk;um;aom
pmykd'fxJrSmyif ]]aom £rH avmuH oa'0uH orm&uH oNA[®uH}} [laomyk'frsm; wqufwnf;
yg½Sdaeonfudk wrifuGuf0Sufvsuf csefxm;cJhaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/ xdkrQru pk'dwuwdkU
,kHMunfav;pm;onfqdkaom "r®pMumw&m;awmfüyif ]]txm[H bdu©a0 oa'0au avmau orm&au
ojA[®au}} [k yg½Sdavonf/ xdkygVd&yfrsdK;um; bk&m;a[ma'oemrsm;ü ra&rwGufEdkifatmif rsm;vSpGm\/
7/ avmuokwfü avmu\ t&udkvnf; umravmuudk &nfñTef;onf/ tu,fí
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oa'0au}} paom pum;&yfwkdUESifh rnfodkUrQrywfoufacs/
8/ aom"emvTm pmykd'feHygwf-4 ü rlvygVdawmfü ]]{um,aem t,H bdu©a0}} [k ½Sdvsuf
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'emvTmü ]]{um,aem bdu©a0 t,H}} [k vGJrSm;aeaMumif; udk
aom"emMuonf/ xdkaom"emESifh ywfoufí apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf rsm;xHü
]]{um,aem t,H bdu©a0}} [kyif zwfíavQmufxm;cJhaMumif; toHzrf;wdwfacGüvnf;
xdktwdkif;yif½SdaMumif; apm'emvTmrsm;ü pm½dkufpOfu rSm;,Gif;½dkufrdonfudk tcsdefr&í
rjyifvdkufEdkifaMumif;udk ajz½Sif;NyD;jzpfonf/
9/ aom"emvTm pmydk'f (4) rS (14) txd pum;&yfwkdUjzifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUu ]]wynfh
awmfwdkUrSmvnf; 0drkwåd&o &½SdEdkifa&;twGuf usifhpOf½Sdygonf}} [kavQmufxm;í rdrdwdkU\ usifhykH
usifhenf;rsm;udk tus,f ½Sif;vif;wifjyMuonf/
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enf;rSefvrf;rSefr[kwfygvQif 0dyóemÓPf jzpfvmEdkif&ef taMumif;r½Sday/
10/ pk'dwuwdkU\ pmydk'feHygwf(6)vm pum;&yfudk pdppf&m0,f pwiftm;xkwf&ef
tajccHudku vGJrSm;aeonfudk awGU&ayonf/ xdktydk'f(6)ü ]]trSefjrifqdkonfrSm ouf½SdoufrJh Nzpfygonf?
þouf½SdoufrJhonf oEd´|du tumvdu paom "r®*kPfESifhvnf; udkufnDygonf bk&m;}} [kqdkxm;\/
]]þouf½SdoufrJhonf oEd´|du tumvdu paom "r®*kPfESifhvnf; udkufnDygonf bk&m;}}
[laom pum;onf bk&m;½Siftvdkawmf Ak'¨0g'trSefESifY tHacsmfíaeavonf? ouf½Sd oufrJh[lonf
tvkH;pkHaom ocFg&w&m;rsm;om jzpfonf/ xdktvkH;pkHaom ocFg&w&m;[lorQ onf oEd´|du tumvdu
rjzpfEdkifacs/ þuJhodkU puwnf;u rSm;aeaom or®m'd|d okawoe orm;wdkU\ usifhpOfonf 0drkwåd&o
tppftrSefudk rnfonfhtcgrQ &½Sdapvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
11/ þt&mü bk&m;½Sifa[mawmfrlaom t*FkwådK&f wduquú e0uedygwfvm oEd´|du
okwfrsm;udk xkwfjyzG,f½Sdaomfvnf; trSwf(2)0dedpä,ü tus,fa0zefcJhNyD;jzpfí þü wzef
xkwfjyefraeawmYay/
oEd´|du[lonf t&d,r*fjzpfonf/ wenf; avmukwå&mw&m;udk;yg; jzpfonf/
tumvdu[lonf rdrd\tjcm;rJhü zdkvfwnf;[laomtusdK;udk jzpfapwwfaom r*fav;yg; jzpfonf[k
0dok'd¨r*f 'k-209 üzGifhjyxm;ayonf/
þa'oemawmfwdkUjzifh avmb a'go arm[ udk,fjypf EIwfjypf pdwfjypfrsm; jzpfay:vmvQif
owdjzifh ½IrSwfaeaomyk*d¾Kvf\ udk,fwdkifodrI uG,faysmufoGm;vQifvnf; uG,faysmuf oGm;onfudk odrI
psmef r*fç zdkvfudk udk,fwdkifodjrifrIrsm;onfom oEd´|du tumvdu ponfjzpfayonf/ pk'dwuwdkUu

tpodkU
ouf&SdoufrJYonf oEd´|du tumvdu ponfjzpf\[k ajymqdkjcif;onfum; tvsif;yif r[kwfaMumif;

odomxif½Sm;vSayonf/
12/ pk'dwuwdkU\ 0dyóem½IykHudk pdppfjyefaomf ]]ouf½Sdvlom;onf oufrJh tpmç a&ç
avwdkUaMumifh jzpf&onf/ xdk tpmç a&ç av wdkUonf A[d'ävmuü ½Sdonf/ A[d'önf tZÑwå
jzpfvmonf/ xdktZÑwåonf ouf½SdNzpfonf/ xdkouf½SdonfyifvQif rMumrD A[d'¨jyifyodkU ul;
ajymif;oGm;onf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf tpmç a&ç av wdkUonfyifvQif a½GUvsm;rwnfNidrf? ykHpHwpfckrS
ykHpHwpfckodkU ajymif;vJaeonf/ Oyrm-pyg;rSqef? qefrS xrif;? xrif;rS vljzpfvmyg onfbk&m;?
rwnfNrJaom ½kyf0w¬KwdkUjzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom þ½kyfum,0w¬Konf rwnfNrJay/ xdkodkU
odvmaomtcg xkdouf½Sd ½kyfum,ay:ü ]tNrifrSef} &½Sdvmygonf/ xdktjrifrSefonfyif or®m'd|d
jzpfygonfbk&m;}} [k awGU&ayonf/
þ0dyóem½Ienf;rsdK;onf bk&m;a[mygVdawmfESifh t|uxmç #DumwdkUü r½Sday/ þodkU
qifjcifae½kHjzifY 0dyóemÓPf vkH;0jzpfEdkifzG,f r½Sd½kHrQru okwr,ÓPf pdEÅmr,ÓPfyif jzpfEdkifzG,f&m
taMumif;r½Sdyg/
pk'dwuwdkU jrifjcif;onf tjrifrSefvnf;r[kwf? r*¾if½Spfyg;wGif yg0ifaom or®m'd|dvnf;
b,faomtcgrQ jzpfrvmEdkifay/ xdkodkU tajccHrS pwifvGJrSm;aeaomaMumifh pk'dwuwdkUu rdrdwdkUonf
0dyóemudk yGm;rsm;aeygonfqdkaomfvnf; vlMum;aumif;½kH pum;jzpf½kHrQ wifjyjcif; jzpfayonf/
xdkUaMumifh pmydk'ftrSwf (7) rS (13)wdkifatmifaom pum;&yfrsm;udk rdrdwdkUoEÅmefü trSefwu,f
jzpf½Sdonfudk wifjyjcif;r[kwf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u ,lqawmfrlMuonf/
13/ aom"emvTm pmykd'feHygwf 14? 15-pum;&yfwdkUjzifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUu rdrdwdkUonf
'd|"r®ç ywå"r®ç y&da,m*gV"r®tay:üom usifhokH;vsuf½SdaMumif; oHo,rsm; vGefajrmufNyD? odkUavm
odkUavm rjzpfNyD/ ajym&Jqdk&JNyD; wpfyg;olESifh rqkdifNyD[laom 0dyóemrsdK; orxrsdK; udkom usifhokH;aMumif;
avQmufxm;Muavonf/
'd|"r®paom *kPfwdkUum; aomwmyefyk*¾dKvf\ *kPfrsm;jzpfayonf/ pk'dwuwdkUu rdrdwdkUrSm
xdk*kPfrsm;ESifh jynfhpkHNyD[kqdkojzifY aomwmyef\tjzpfudk 0efcH&ma&mufonf/ OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;tygwkdU
aomwmyef jzpfrjzpfudkum; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; qkH;jzwfcGifhr½Sdacs/ xdkyk*d¾KvfwdkU\ trlt&m
tajymtqkd ponfwdkUudkaxmufí [kwfavmuf r[kwfavmufudk y&dowfwdkUuom qkH;jzwfMu&ef
jzpfayonf/ at;csrf;pGm Ak'¨w&m;udk usifhokH;aeMuolrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? yd#uokH;ykH edum,fig;&yf
bk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? y&rw¬oHCm orkwdoHCm oHCmawmfrsm;udkvnf;aumif;?
Ak'¨bmomwdkU\ usifh½dk; BuH½dk; vrf;½dk; vrf;rSef wdkUudkvnf;aumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh apwDykxdk;
qif;wkawmfwdkUudkvnf;aumif; ½dkif;½dkif;ysys a0zefykwfcwf a&;om;ajyma[mjcif; Ak'¨bmomwdkufzsufa&;
pmtkyfpmwrf; pmapmifrsm;udk xkwfa0jcif; jyuf&,fajymifavSmifûyjcif; ponfwdkUudk toif;tyif;zGJUí

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us,fus,fjyefUjyefU ûyvkyfaeMuaom or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUom; (½kyf0g'orm;)wdkUtm; olwdkU\

vkyfief;rsm;udk axmuf½Ií rnfodkUaom yk*d¾KvfrsdK;rsm;jzpfaMumif;udk odjrifEdkifMuayonf/
14/ pk'dwuwdkU\ þaom"emrsm;udk ûcHikHokH;oyfaomf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; pGJcsuf
wifxm;aom (u) (c) (*) pum;&yfwdkUjzifh orx0dyóemvrf;pOfonf Ak'¨0g'ü ryg0if[k vnf;aumif;?
Ak'¨\ orx0dyóemvrf;pOfrsm;udk [dE´La,m*tusifh[lívnf;aumif; pGyfpGJvsuf Ak'¨\
orx0dyóemudk zsufqD;aeMuonf[laom apm'emcsufudk pk'dwuwdkU\ acsy jiif;qdkcsufudk
rawGU&acs/ acsyjiif;qdkjcif; rûy½kHrQru aom"emvTmpmydk'f (16)ü apm'uq&mawmfrsm;qdkvdkaom
a,m*vrf;pOf omoemy orPjAm[®PwdkU\ vrf;pOfrsdK;ü tusHK;0ifonfh orx 0dyóemrsdK;udk
wynfhawmfrsm; rusifhokH;Muygbk&m;[k xyfrHíyif 0efcHpGyfpGJ Mujyefavonf/
xif½Sm;apOD;tHh? apm'uq&mawmfrsm; qdkvdkaom orx0dyóem [lonf ygxdu0*¾ygVd
rZÑdryPÖmoygVd Oy&dyPÖmoygVd t*Fkwå&edum,f tbdnmokwåygVd tocFwoH,kwfygVdawmfrsm;ü
vmaom Ak'ËSifh Ak'öm0uwdkU a[mawmfrlaom orx0dyóem rsm;yifjzpfonfudk omrn
apm'emvTm(4)eHygwf pmydk'fjzifhyif odomayonf/ xdkwGif ygxdu0*f ygVdawmf ESm-186ü orm"dav;yg;
yGm;ykHudkvnf;aumif;? ESm-187 ü tyÜrnmav;yg; tm½kyÜav;yg; yGm;rsm;ykHwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? ESm-189ü
aAmZÑifckepfyg; yGm;rsm;ykHudkvnf;aumif; a[mawmfrlonf/ ESm-228 üvnf; -
]]uwar a'G "r®m bmaowAÁm? oraxm p 0dyóem p? £ar a'G "r®m bma0wAÁm -}}
[k a[mawmfrlonf ( 0daooapm'emü ygNyD;jzpf\)/
15/ rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf uE´&uokwf (ESm-7-12) twåEÅypaom yk*d¾Kvfav;rsdK;wdkUwGif
pwkw¬jzpfaom rdrd olwyg; ESpfOD;vkH;udk rylyefrqif;&Japwwfonfh ae0twåEÅy ey&EÅyyk*d¾Kvfudkjy&mü
]]o'¨gw&m;½Sdaom trsdK;aumif;om;onf bk&m;½Sifomoemawmfü &[ef;ûyvQif jrwfaomoDvtpk
jrwfaoma&mifh&Jjcif; jrwfaom£aÈúdk apmifhpnf;jcif;? jrwfaom owdorÜZOfESifY jynfhpkHapí pwkw¬psmef
&onfhwdkifatmif orxur®|mef; tm;xkwfykHudk vnf;aumif;? ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf 'dAÁpu©KÓPfwdkUudk
&½Sdatmif tm;xkwfykHudkvnf;aumif;? xkdUaemuf 0dyóem½Ií t&[wår*fÓPfwnf;[laom
tmo0u©,ÓPf&atmif tm;xkwfykHudk vnf;aumif;}} a[mMum;awmfrl\/
16/ ,if;ygVdawmf t|ue*&okwf (ESm 12 rS 16) ü 'orol<u,fu ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mawmfrlaom edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;w&m;wpfckudk a[mawmfrlyg}} [k t½SiftmeE´mtm; avQmufxm;&m
t½SiftmeE´mu yXrpsmefpaom psmefav;yg; arwåm apawm0drkwdå paom tyÜrnmpsmefav;yg;
tmumomeOö,we 0dnmPOöm,we tmudOönm,wepsmefwdkUudk tajccHí 0dyóemÓPfodkUwufum
t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvfwdkifatmif aygufa&mufEdkifykHudk enf;aygif;(11)yg;wdkUjzifh
a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ xdktcg 'orol<u,fu ]]a½Ttdk;wpfvkH;udk ½Smolonf wpfBudrfwnf;jzifh a½Ttdk;
(11)vkH;&ovdk tûrdufedAÁmefwHcg;(11)aygufudk yGm;rsm;&ef &½SdygNyD/ wHcg;(11)ayguf½Sdaomtdrfudk

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rD;avmifvQif wHcg;wpfaygufaygufjzifh rdrdudk,fudk csrf;omatmif ûyEdkifovdk wynfhawmfonf

þtûrdufedAÁmefwHcg; (11)aygufwdkUwGif wpfaygufaygufjzifh rdrdudk,fudk csrf;omatmif ûyEdkifygvdrfhrnf}}
[k avQmufxm;ykH taMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyqdkxm;avonf/ þonfwdkUum; Ak'¨bmomwdkU\
orx0dyóemw&m;rsm;yif jzpfayonf/
17/ ,if;ygVdawmf aocokwf ESm 16-21 ü jrwfpGmbk&m;\ apcdkif;wdkufwGef;jcif;aMumifh
t½SiftmeE´mu omuD0ifrif;wdkUtm; a[mMum;aom 0dZÆmokH;yg; p&Pwpfq,fhig;yg; orx0dyóem
w&m;wdkUudk jyqdkxm;\/ ESm 83-86 r[m&m[kavm0g'okwfü "mwfur®|mef; tyÜrnmur®|mef;
tmemygeówd ur®|mef;rsm;udk jyqdkxm;\/ ,if;ygVdawmf 162-r[m0pä okwfü 0päa*gwåy&dAdkZfwdkUonf
omoemawmfü &[ef;ûyí rMumrD 15-&uftwGif;ü tem*grd zdkvfodkU qdkufa&mufNyD;aemuf bk&m;xHarSmuf
oGm;a&mufum ]]t½Sifbk&m; wynfhawmfonf aocyk*d¾KvfwdkU\ OpömjzpfaomÓPf aocyk*d¾KvfwdkU\
Opömjzpfaom0dZÆmjzifh a&mufoifhaomzdkvfodkU a&mufcJhygNyD/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf wynfhawmftm;
txufwef;w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrlyg}} [k avQmufxm;av&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]0pä xdkodkUjzpfvQif
oifonf orx0dyóem ESpfjzmaom w&m;wdkUudk yGm;rsm;avmh? orx0dyóem ESpfjzmaomw&m;wdkUudk
yGm;rsm;vQif rsm;pGmaom "mwfwdkUudk xdk;xGif;í odjcif;iSmjzpfvdrfhrnf/ £'d¨0d" 'dAÁaomw apawmy&d,
ykaAÁed0gomEkówd 'dAÁpu©K tmo0u©, tbdnmOfwdkUudk &vdrfhrnf}} [k a[mawmfrlonf/
ESm 436-438 o*Fg&0okwfü jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkifodjrif udk,fawmfwdkifavQmuf vSrf;í
udk,fawmfwdkif atmifjrifcJhaom orx0dyóem vrf;pOfrsm;udk xif½Sm;pGm jyqdkxm;\? xdkUjyifvnf;
þrZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmfü orx0dyóem usifhpOfwdkUudk rsm;pGmjyqdkxm;\/
18/ Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf a'0'[okwf ESm 11 rS 16 wdkifatmif uE´&uokwfü uJhodkUyif
orxpsmeftusifhESifh tmom0u©,ÓPf &onfhwdkifatmif 0dyóemusifhpOfwdkUudk jyqdkxm;\/ xdkUtwl
*Puarm*¾v’meokwf r[mykPÖrokwf qAdÁaomreokwf ponfwdkUüvnf; orx0dyóemwdkUudk
jyqdkxm;\/ txl;tm;jzifY tmemygeówdokwf (eSm-122-130)ü tmemygeówd bm0emur®|mef;
pD;jzef;yGm;rsm;ykHudk (t&[wåzdkvfayguf) tus,fjyxm;\/ um,*wmowdokwf(ESm-130-140)ü
um,*wmowdur®|mef; pD;jzef;yGm;rsm;ykHudk (t&[wåzdkvfayguf) tus,fjyxm;\/
19/ t*Fkw¬dK&fygVdawmf pwkuúedygwf tbdnmokwf(570)ü ]] Oyg'geu©E¨m w&m; ig;yg;onf
ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;od&rnfhw&m; t0dZÆmESifh b0wPSmonf ÓPfjzifhodí y,f&rnfhw&m; orxESifh
0dyóemonf ÓPfjzifhodí yGm;rsm;&rnfhw&m; 0dZÆmESifh 0drkwdåonf ÓPfjzifhodí
rsufarSmufûy&rnfhw&m;[k jyqdkxm;ayonf/
oVm,we0*¾oH,kwfygVdd tocFwoH,kwf(535-543)ü ]]&m* a'go arm[ ukef&mudk
tocFw(edAÁmef)[k qdktyf\/ um,*wmowdudk orx0dyóemudk/ y/ 0dwuf0dpm&½Sdaom
yXrpsmeform"d 0dwufr½Sd 0dpm&rQom½Sdaom 'kwd,psmeform"d 0dwuf0dpm&r½Sdaom wwd, pwkw¬

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yOörpsmeform"dukd tocFw(edAÁmef)odkU oGm;a&mufaMumif;vrf;[k qdktyf\}}ponfjzifh orx0dyóem

yGm;rsm;&ef jyqdkxm;ayonf/
þyd#uwfawmfrsm;ü bk&m;½SifESifh om0uwdkU a[mjyxm;aom orx0dyóemrsm;onf
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; qkdvdkaom orx0dyóemrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkorx 0dyóemrsm;ukd omoemy
orPjAm[®PwdkU\ a,m*vrf;pOfrsm;[k qdkjcif;jzifh bk&m;½Sif\ orx0dyóem usifhpOfrsm;udk
omoemy orPjAm[®PwdkU\ a,m*usifhpOfrsm;[k pGyfpGJ&ma&mufacsonf/ xdkUaMumifh pk'dwuwdkUonf
þ(16)pmydk'fyg aom"empum;jzifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pGJqdkcsuf udk jiif;y,facsyjcif; rjyK½kHrQru
xyfrHíyif 0efcHvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
20/ aom"emvTmpmykd'f (17)ü apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyonfh &x0deDwokwåefrSm
jynfhpkHvkHavmufjcif;r½SdaMumif; jyqdkvsuf &x0deDwokwf jrefrmjyefudk azmfjyum þokwåef\
t"du&nf½G,fcsufrSm tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmeftwGufom jzpfaMumif;? 0dok'd¨(7)cef; vrf;pOf[lívnf;aumif;?
oDv0dok'dËSifh pdwå0dok'dönf orxusifhpOf[lívnf;aumif;- usef(5)yg;jzpfonfh 'd|d0dok'd¨
ponfwdkUonf 0dyóemusifhpOf[lívnf;aumif; azmfjyxm;jcif;r½SdaMumif; xdkokwåeftwGuf
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ twåaemrwdrQomjzpfaMumif; okwåef"r®udk avhvm&mwGif t½Sdudk t½Sdtwdkif;om
apm'emoifhaMumif; "r®udk t"r®jzpfatmif 0de,udk t0de,jzpfatmif udk,fvdk&mqGJí apm'emvQif
tmywfoifhí tyg,fodkUvm;rnfudk pdk;&drfylyefrdaMumif;[k acsy aom"emxm;onfudk awGU&\/
oHk;oyfcsuf
21/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf &x0deDwokwfvm 0dok'd¨(7)yg;udk odu©mokH;yg;jzifh
oû*Ø[fa&wGufjyí ,if;usifhpOfonf tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmef[laom tusdK;udk &apEdkifaomusifhpOf jzpfygonf[k
apm'emMuonf/ xdkapm'emü apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf rdrdwdkUwifjyvdkaom 0dok'¨(7)yg;rQudkom
xkwfEkwfjyqdkygu vdktyfaom teufjynfhNyDjzpfí xkdrQom jyjcif;jzpf&um; rjynfhpkH[k rqdkomacs/
22/ ]]þokwåef\ t"du&nf½G,fcsufrSm tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmeftwGufom jzpfygonf/ 0dok'd¨
(7)yg; vrf;pOf[lí azmfjyxm;jcif; r½Sdyg}} [laom acsycsufonfvnf; tusdK;rxifouJhodkUom jzpfonf/
xif½Sm;apOD;tHh-
edAÁmaem*"H [d tm0kaom 0domc jA[®p&d,H edAÁmey&m,eH edAÁmey&da,momeH/
(r? 1? 379/)
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmfü oDv orm"d ynm [laom tusifhjrwfonf edAÁmefüom
ouf0ifí tqkH;owfavonf/ xdkUaMumifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm;uvnf; þtEkyg'gy&dedAÁmef
wnf;[laom tusdK;udkyif txGwfwifvsufxm;NyD; jzpf\/ þ&x0deDwokwf ygVdawmfüyif 0dok'd¨(7)yg;udk
xif½Sm;pGmjyxm;ygvsuf 0dok'd¨(7)yg;vrf;pOf[k azmfjyxm;jcif;r½Sdyg[k OD;Ouú| wynfhrsm;u

tpodkU
acsyjcif;onf yd#uwfawmfü txift½Sm;vm½Sdaom 0dok'd¨(7)yg; usifhpOfrsm;udk y,f½Sm;zsufqD;vdkaom

ta,medaom reoDum&jzifh rjrif[efûyí acsyjcif;omjzpfayonf/ 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\
a½SUarSmufrSmyif þuJhokdU jr§KyfuG,fvSnfhpm; ajymMum;aeMuonfudk awGUMu&í OD;Ouú|\ wynfhvufom;
½kyf0g'orm;rsm;onf ½dk;om;aom bmom0ifwdkUtm; tb,frQavmuf vdrfvnfvSnfhzsm;
pnf;½kH;aeMurnfudk aumif;pGm odavmufayonf/ þtaMumif;onf pmydk'feHygwf(2)vm
aom"empum;&yfjzifhyif ay:vGifxif½Sm;NyD;jzpfonf/
23/ rl&if;ygVdawmfü½Sdaom t½SifykPÖu t½Sifom&dykwå&mtm; ajzqdkaom &x0deDw okwfvm
Oyrme Oyar,swdkU\ t"dyÜm,fudk tenf;i,frQ ½Sif;vif;azmfjyOD;tHh/
yaoe'Daumovrif;onf om0wD¬ûrdUüaepOf omauwûrdU0,f taqmwvsif ûyzG,fudpö
jzpfay:vmí ,if; 2-ûrdUtMum;ü jrif;uaom &xm;ckepfpD;wdkUudk toifhjyifxm;apí om0wd¬ûrdUrSxGufum
eef;wGif;wHcg;0rS yxr&xm;udk pD;vsuf xdk&xm;jzifh 'kwd,&xm;odkU a&muf\/ yxr&xm;udk
pGefUcJhNyD;vQif 'kwd,&xm;udk pD;jyef\/ þenf;twdkif; owår&xm;jzifh omauwûrdU eef;wGif;wHcg;odkU
qdkufa&mufvmavonf/
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t½SifykPÖ u t½Sifom&dykwå&mtm; avQmufxm;\/
24/ þpum;&yfü Oyrme Oyar,sESD;aESmykHudk rlvyPÖmo t|uxm 'kwd,tkyf ESm-63 rS
,lí jyqdkOD;tHh? Z&mr&PrS aMumufaom a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfonf yaoe'Daumovrif;ESifh wl\/ cE¨mig;0
ouúm,onf om0wd¬ûrdUESifh wl\/ edAÁmefûrdUawmfonf omauwûrdUESifhwl\/ a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvf\
rod&ao;aom opömav;yg;wdkUudk xdk;xGif;í odzG,fudpöonf rif;\ taqmwvsif ûyzG,fudpöESifh wl\/
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oDv0dok'd¨ponfwdkUjzifh 'd|d0dok'd¨ponfwkdUü wnf&mtcgonf yxr&xm;ponfwdkUjzifh
'kwd,&xm;ponfwdkUudk pD;&mtcgESifh wl\/ ÓP'óe0dok'd¨jzifh udavomtvkH;pkHudk ukefcef;apí
w&m;jrwfwnf;[laom jymom'fodkU wufNyD;vQif ig;q,fausmfaom ukodkvfw&m;wdkUNcH&Hum edAÁmefudk
tm½kHûyaom zvormywfudk 0ifpm;í avmukwå&mcsrf;omudk cHpm;&mtcgonf owår&xm;NzifY
omauwûrdU eef;awmf wHcg;0ü oufqif;í jymom'fxuf0,f aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[taygif; NcH&Hvsuf
aumif;jrwfaom abmZOfudk cHpm;&mtcgESifh wl\/ yaoe'Daumovrif;BuD;onf omauwûrdUodkU
a&muf&ef &xm;ckepfpD;udk tqifhqifh pD;cJh&ouJhodkU tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmef 0ifpHvdkaom a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvfonf

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oDv0dok'd¨paom 0dok'd¨(7)yg;udk tqifhqifhyGm;rsm;&m\ [laomt"dyÜm,fvnf; odomxif½Sm;NyD;

jzpfavonf/
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pk'dwuwdkUu ryg[lí avQmufxm;acsyjcif; jzpfonfhtwGuf ¤if;wdkU\ acsycsufonf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ
,xm"r®w&m;ojzifh aom"emjcif; rjzpfawmhay/
25/ xdk0dok'd¨ 7-yg; yGm;rsm;ykHtusOf;csKyfudk 0dok'd¨r*ft|uxm 'k-ESm 73 ü ]]uxH
bma0waAÁmwd {w¬ ye}} ponfjzifh jyqdkxm;ayonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm cE¨mç tm,weç "mwfç £aÈ´ç opömç
y#dpöorkyÜm'f paom w&m;wdkUonf 0dyóemynm\ jzpf&mbkHrnf\/ oDv0dok'd¨ç pdwå0dok'd¨ 2-
yg;wdkUonf 0dyóemynm\ tajctjrpfrnf\/ 'd|d0dok'd¨ç ucFg0dw&P0dok'd¨ç r*¾gr*¾ÓP'óe0dok'd¨ç
y#dy'gÓP'óe0dok'd¨ç ÓP'óe0dok'd¨- þ5-yg;wdkUonf 0dyóemynm\ txnfudk,frnf\/
xkdUaMumifh jzpf&mbkHjzpfaom cE¨mpaom w&m;wdkUü oif,l ar;jref;jcif;\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh ÓPfjzifh
avhusufjcif;udkûyí tajctjrpfjzpfaom 0dok'd¨ 2-yg; wdkUudk jynfhpkHapNyD;vQif txnfudk,fjzpfaom 0dok'd¨
5-yg;wdkUudk jynfhpkHapvsuf yGm;rsm;&rnf[k qdkvdkayonf/
26/ ]]oDv0dok'dËSifh pdwå0dok'd¨wdkUonf orxusifhpOf[lívnf;aumif; usef 5-yg; jzpfonfh
'd|d0dok'd¨/ y/ ÓP'óe0dok'd¨wdkUonf 0dyóemusifhpOf[lívnf;aumif; apm'u q&mawmfrsm;
azmfjyouJhodkU azmfjyxm;jcif;r½Sdyg}} [laom acsycsufonfvnf; apm'u q&mawmfrsm;\
apm'emvTmwGif yg½Sdonfhtwkdif;udk racsybJ jyifqifajymif;vJí acsyaom pum;jzpfonf/
apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ apm'emü oDv0dok'dËSifh pdwå0dok'¨dwdkUonf orx usifhpOf[krqdk? oDv0dok'dönf
oDvusifhpOfç pdwå0dok'¨donf orxusifhpOfç usef 5-yg;aom 0dok'd¨wdkUonf 0dyóemusifhpOfwdkU
jzpfMuygonf[líom 0dok'd¨ 7-yg;udk odu©moHk;&yfjzifh[yfí jyqdkxm;jcif;udkom awGU&ayonf/ 0dok'd¨7-
yg;wdkUwGif xdkxdk 0dok'd¨wdkU\ w&m;udk,ft&aumufudk jrif½kHrQjzifhyifvQif yd#uwfÓPf½SdNyD;olwdkUtzdkU
þum;oDv þum;orx(orm"d) þum; ynm[k vGefpGmxif½Sm;NyD;jzpf&um; þokwfü
azmfjyxm;jcif;r½Sd[k rqdkoifhacs/
27/ rlvyPÖmot|uxm &x0deDwokwftzGifh ESm 64-ü 0dok'd¨7-yg;wdkUudk uxm 10-yg;ESifY
,SOfjy&m0,f ]]oDv0dok'dönf tyÜdpäuxmç oEÅK|duxmç toHo*¾uxmç oDvuxm [laom
uxmav;yg;jzpfonf/ pdwå0dok'dönf y0da0uuxmç 0D&d,m&rÇuxmç orm"duxm [laom uxm3-
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ÓP'óe0dok'd¨ 5-yg;wdkUonf ynmuxmjzpfonf}} [k jyqdkaom pum;&yfjzifhvnf; oDv0dok'düdk
oDvodu©mü? pdwå0dok'dükd orm"dodu©mü? usef 0dok'd¨5-yg; wdkUudk ynmodu©mü oGif;,l&rnfhtjzpfonf
odomvSayonf/

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xdkUaMumifh apm'uq&mawmfwdkY\ 0dok'd¨ 7-yg;wdkUudk odu©m 3-yg;wdkUü oGif;,la&wGufí

tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmef\ tusifhvrf;pOftjzpf wifjyaom apm'emonf ygVdawmf t|mtxmwdkUESifh nDñGwfí
oifhjrwfaom apm'emjzpfojzifh "r®udk t"r®jzpfatmif? 0de,udk t0de,jzpfatmif udk,fvdk&mudk udk,fqGJí
apm'emjcif;r[kwf? trSefudktrSeftwdkif; t½Sdudkt½Sdtwdkif; apm'emaom "r®mapm'emomjzpfonf/
28/ aom"emvTm pmydk'f(19)ü rlvyPÖmo jrefrmjyef pmrsufESm 191? yk'fa& 240-ü vmaom
ukv’Lyrw&m;awmfudk om"utjzpf xkwfaqmifí ]]xdk ukv’Lyrokwf\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm wynfhawmfrsm;
txufrS wifjyxm;onfh &x0deDwokwfESifh wxyfwnf; wax&mwnf; jzpfaeygonf/
w&m;awmfonfvnf; oHo&ma&jyifudk jzwfí edAÁmefwnf;[laom wpfzufurf;odkU ta&muf
ul;cwf&efomjzpf\/ pGJ,lodrf;ydkufxm;&ef r[kwfay/ þt"dyÜg,fudk odjrifolwdkUonf
"r®w&m;wnf;[laom azmifudkaomfvnf; pGefUy,fcJh&rnf/ w&m;ESifh qefUusifaom oHo&m
epfrGef;aMumif;jzpfonfh t"r®rIwdkUudkum; qdkzG,f&mr½SdawmhNyD? wpdk;wpdrusef y,fvSefypf&rnf[k
a[mawmfrlayonf}}[k aom"emMujyefonf/
okH;oyfcsuf
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w&m;awmfudk pGJ,lodrf;ydkufxm;&rnf[k apm'emjcif; rûycJhMuay/ OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ol\Mo0g'cH or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh taygif;tyg aemufvdkufrsm;onf Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif a[majymcJhaom
orx0dyóem usifhpOfrsm;udk Ak'¨0g'wGifryg0if? [dE´La,m*usifhpOf[k t"r® pGyfpGJ zsufqD;aeMuygonf
[líom apm'emjcif;ûycJhMuonf/
pk'dwuwdkUonf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjypGJqdkxm;onfh y"metcsufudk acsyjiif;qkdjcif;
rûyEdkifonfhtwGuf xdkxdkyd#uawmfvm wpfpdwfwpfa'oaom yk'fudk,lí(avorwå) t`rGufaxmifum
roufqdkif&mudkom acsyaom"emaeMuonf/
30/ ukv’Lyr w&m;awmfü-
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(r? 1? 188/) (tv*'´Lyrokwf)
]]&[ef;wdkU oifwdkUtm; a[mMum;xm;aom azmifOyrm½Sdaomw&m;udk odaomoifwdkUonf w&m;rI
(orx0dyóemüjzpfaom qE´&m*) wdkUudkyifaomfvnf; y,fpGefUMu&rnf/ rw&m;rI (umr*kPfüjzpfaom
qE´&m*) wdkUudkum; ajymqdkzG,fyif r½Sdawmhacs}} (r Nref? 1? 192/) [k w&m;wkdUudk y,fpGefU&ef
a[mawmfrljcif;onf bk&m;a[m orx0dyóemw&m;wdkUudk Ak'¨0g'wGif ryg0if? [dE´L
a,m*usifhpOfomjzpfonf[k pGyfpGJum y,fpGefU&rnf[k a[mawmfrlvdkonfr[kwf? xdkorx
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xif½Sm;NyD;jzpfayonf/
31/ xdkokwfü qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fudk t|uxm ESm-16-rS,lí jyqdkvdkayonf/
t&d|&[ef;onf ]]aumif;aomtawGU½Sdaom tcif;t½kHpaom azm|AÁm½kHudk jrwfpGmbk&m;
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½kefU&if;Murf;wrf;aom a&aq;ypf&jcif; tqkH;½Sdaom þrolawmfwdkUtusifhü qE´&m*udk y,fpGefU&ef
tb,faMumifh ra[mbJ ½SdcsdrfYrnfenf;/ ,if;rolawmfwdkUtusifYü tcsnf;ESD;aom a,musmf;jzpfonfh
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tEå&m,frûyEdkif[k ajymqkdbd\/ oifwdkUonf t&d|uJhodkU igbk&m; omoemawmfü ½THUñGefudkjzpfap
trIdufo½dkufudkjzpfap rxnfhoGif;avoifh}} [k þMo0g'jzifh t&d|udkyif bk&m;½SifESdrfeif;awmfrl\/ þum;
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iga[m\? vGefajrmufaMumif;um; 'kwd,psmefjzpfonf/ y/ ae0onm emonm,wepsmefudkvnf;
NidwG,foifhaom w&m;r[kwf[k iga[m\/ y,fpGefUMu vGefajrmufMu[k iga[m\/
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33/ 0dyóemw&m;ü qE´&m*y,fpGefU&efudk rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf r[mwPSmocF,
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rnfMuao;&JUvm;}} [k ar;awmfrl&m ]]rrnfMuygbk&m;}} [k &[ef;awmf rsm;u avQmufMuonf/
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ul;ajrmufzdkU&eftusdK;iSm iga[mxm;aom azmifOyrm½Sdaomw&m;udk oifwdkU wu,fodonf
rnfMuovm;}} [k ar;awmfrl&m ]]rodMuygbk&m;}}[k &[ef;awmfrsm;u avQmufxm;Mu avonf/ (þum;
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þjyqdkcJhNyD;aom ygVdawmf t|uxmwdkUjzifh ]] "r®myd a0g y[mwAÁm}} w&m;wdkUukdaomfvnf;
y,fpGefU&rnf[laom pum;&yfü qE´&m*udk y,fpGefU&rnfhtjzpfonf xif½Sm; odomayNyD/
34/ pmydk'f(20)üygaom aom"empum;&yfum; apm'emESifh roufqkdifay/ pmydk'f(21)ü
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf 0dok'd¨ 7-yg;rjzpfoa½GU edAÁmefESifh reD;pyfEdkifykHudk zdíqdkxm;ygonf/
y#mpm&DuJhodkUaom t½l;rç udoma*gwrD uJhodkUaom tE¨ç trÁygvDvdk jynfhwefqmç t*Fkvdrmv
uJhodkUaom vlqdk;BuD;rsm;onf todESifhtusifh xyfrdonfh wcPtwGif;ü trSefw&m;udk xdk;xGif;
oabmaygufEdkifcJhaom taxmuftxm;rsm;onf 0dok'd¨ 7-yg;atmufwGif ao;odrfarS;rSdefí
ikyfvQdK;ae&ygonfbk&m;[k acsyMuavonf/
okH;oyfcsuf
þaom"empum;&yfwdkUü 0dok'd¨ 7-yg;udk raxrJhjrifûyvdk&dyf xifaeonf/ 0dok'd¨ 7-yg;um;
t½SifykPÖax&fu t½Sifom&dykwå&max&ftm; ajzMum;aomt&m &x0deDwokwfü vmonf/ þrQomru
t½Sifom&dykwå&max&fonfvnf; ,cif 0dok'd¨ 7-yg;wdkUwGif ynm0dok'dËSifh 0drkwdå0dok'd¨wdkUudkxnfhí 0dok'd¨
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7-yg;tusifhvrf;pOfrsm;udk raxrJhjrif rûyoifhMuay/
35/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ pum;&yfü pk'dwuwdkUjyqdkaom pum;&yfrsdK;udk rawGU&/ 0dok'd¨
7-yg;wdkUudk odu©m 3-yg;wdkUü oGif;í jyqdkxm;onfudkom awGU&onf/ omoemawmf [lonfvnf;
þoDv? orm"d? ynmodu©m okH;yg;wdkUyifjzpfonf/ þodu©mokH;yg;udk jynfhpkHatmif rjznfhusifhvQifvnf;
r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfjzifh edAÁmefudk rodjrifEdkifacs/ xdkUaMumifhyif bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfjrwfu ]]oDvjzifh
xkHrTrf;tyfaompdwfonf aumif;pGmomvQif tmo0wdkUrS vGwfajrmufEdkif\}} [k a[mawmfrlonf/
('DCedum, r[m0*¾ygVd-ESm-84)/

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vnf;aumif; w&m;empOf r*fzdkvfodkU qdkufa&mufoGm;Muaom oEÅwdtrwfBuD;paom tjcm;yk*d¾KvfwdkUonf
vnf;aumif; um, a0'em pdwå "r® wdkUwGif wpfpkHwpfckaomw&m;udk rokH;oyfbJ emMum;&aomw&m;udk
oabmus½kHjzifh r*fzdkvfudk &oGm;Muonfr[kwf? um, a0'em pdwå "r®wkdUwGif wpfyg;yg;udk okH;oyfí
owdy|mef;vrf;pOfjzifhom r*fzdkvfudk &Muonf[k rSwf&m\/
xdkUaMumifY okwfr[m0g t|uxmü-
]],o®m ye um,a0'empdwå"ar®ok udOdö "r®H temrodwGm bm0em emr ewd¬?
wo®m awyd £rdem0 ra*¾e aomuy&da'a0 orwduúEÅDwd a0'dwAÁm}} ('D |? 2? 339/)
[k rdefUqdkawmfrlonf/
t"dyÜg,fum;- xdkodkUyif *gxmudkMum;em&í r*fzdkvfodkU a&mufMuygukefaomfvnf; ½kyftaygif;
udk,f a0'em pdwf oabmw&m;wdkUwGif wpfpkHwpfckaomw&m;udk rokH;oyfrlí 0dyóemynm r*fynmudk
yGm;apjcif; bm0emaMumiffY xdkoEÅwdtrwfBuD; y#mpm&DwdkUonfvnf; þowdy|mefvrf;pOfjzifhomvQif
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37/ y#mpm&D paom yk*d¾KvfwdkUonf w&m;awmf\ tqkH;ü r*fzdkvf&oGm;Muonf[k
qdkjcif;aMumifh xkdyk*d¾KvfwdkUü oDv0dok'd¨ ponfrjzpf[k pk'dwuwdkU ,lqMu[ef½Sdonf/ þodkUum;
r[kwfay/ &[ef;wdkUrSmom w&m;tm;rxkwfrD a½S;rqGu oDv0dok'd¨ jzpfae&ef vdkonf/ vlwdkUrlum;
&[ef;wdkUuJhodkU a½S;rqGu oDvpifMuifNyD; r[kwfapumrl w&m;emcgeD; odkUr[kwf w&m;empOfrSm
]]raumif;rI rûyawmhyg}} [k BuHpnfqkH;jzwfjcif;jzifhyif oDv0dok'd¨ NyD;onf/ BuHpnfqkH;jzwfrI r½Sd&um;
½IrSwfrIbm0em pdwåKyÜg'fjzifhomvQif oDv0dok'd¨ udpöNyD;onf [lí rSwf,l&m\/
xdkUaMumifh y#mpm&Dç udoma*gwrDç trÁygvDç t*kFvdrmvwdkU todESifhtusifh xyfrdonfh
wcPwGif;ü trSefw&m;udk xdk;xGif;oabmaygufEdkifcJhaom taxmuftxm;rsm;onf 0dok'd¨ 7-
yg;atmufwGif ao;odrfarS;rSdefí ikyfvQdK;ae&ygonf[laom pum;onf r[kwfrrSefacs/ trSef pifppf
oDv0dok'd¨= oDvpifMu,frIrjzpfbJç pdwå0dok'd¨= pdwf pifMu,frIrjzpfbJ r*fÓPf zkdvfÓPfudk
rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ r&Edkifay/ tbd"r®moabmt&MunfhvQif w&m;emaepOf wcPtwGif;ü
ra&wGufEdkifaom 0DxdwdkU usaeMuonf/ xdkpdwftpOfwGif tajccHjzpfaom oDv pifMu,frI
pdwfwnfNidrfrIrsm; jzpfNyD;umrS txuf0dok'd¨rsm;jzpfNyD; aemufqkH;usrS r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPf &jcif;jzpfonf/
þodkU pdwfwdkU\oabmudk em;rvnfaomaMumifh oDvpdwå pifMu,fESifh&ef rvdkbJodNrifonfhtcg
pifMu,fNyD;jzpfonf[k or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUom;wdkUu xifjrifMujcif; jzpfavonf/
38/ txl;jyqkdzG,f ½Sdao;\/ trÁygvD jynfhwefqmronf pk'dwuwdkU xifrSwfouJhodkU
w&m;emNyD;onfhtqkH;ü r*fzdkvfudk&onfr[kwf? bk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmef pHawmfrrlrDESpf a0omvDjynfodkU
<uawmfrlvmpOf rdrd\O,smOfudk bk&m;trª;½Sdaom oHCmawmftm; ausmif;wdkuftjzpf vª'gef;aMumif;udk

tpodkU
okwfr[m0g ygVdawmf ESm-181? 82? 83 wdkUü jyqdkxm;\/ r*fzdkvf&onf[k rjyqdkacs/ aemuftcgrS

rdrd\om; &[ef;awmf 0drvaum@nax&f\xHü w&m;udk Mum;em&í &[ef;rdef;rûyNyD;vQif 0dyóemudk
yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfí t&[wåzdkvfodkU qdkufaMumif;udk ax&D*gxm t|uxm ESm-214? 220 wdkUü
jyqdkxm;avonf/
xkdUjyif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf t½Sdeft0g vGefpGmBuD;oljzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh t½l;yifjzpfap?
jynfhwefqmryifjzpfap vlowform;yifjzpfap jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ajcawmf&if;odkU a&mufoGm;aomtcg
t½l;vnf;ajy tusifhvnf;raoGbJ vlaoap&efzefwD;onfh a'gopdwfvnf; xdkcPü r½Sdawmhay/
w&m;emcgeD;ESifY em,laeqJcP r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfr&rD Mum;umvü oDv0dok'd¨ jzpfoGm;ykH
pdwå0dok'd¨jzpfoGm;ykH 'd|d0dok'd¨jzpfoGm;ykH ponfudk yd#uwfÓPfa&m 0dyóemÓPfa&m ½SdolrS
em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonf/ þuJhodkU yd#uwfÓPfESifh usifhBuHtm;xkwfolonf 0dyóemÓPfr½Sdol
vlNydef;wdkUtjrifjzifhMunfhrlum; bk&m;½Sifw&m;emí r*fÓPfzkdvfÓPf&rS t½l;aysmufonf
jynfhwefqmpdwfaysmufonf vlowfpdwfaysmufonf tusifhESifhtod wûydifeuf wpfcsufwnf;usonf[k
xifp&mjzpfonf/ þtjrifum; tvGefxlydef;onfh vlNydef;wdkU\ tjrifrsdK;omjzpfbdonf/
Ak'¨w&m;awmfrsm;onf *rDÇ&m=eufeJonf? 'k'óm=jrifEdkifcJonf[k qdkjcif;onf þuJhodkUaom
vlNydef;rsm;twGuf txl;owday;csufyifjzpfayonf/
39/ aom"emvTm pmykd'feHygwf(22)ü apm'uq&mawmfrsm;wifjyonfh ,k*e'ökwf onf
bk&m;a[mr[kwf? t½SiftmeE´mu taygif;toif;&[ef;wdkUtm; a[mMum;aomokwf NzpfaMumif;ç
okwf\qdkvdk&if;rSm orxESifh 0dyóem yGm;rsm;&rnf[k qdkvdk&if;r[kwfbJ orxa½SUoGm;½Sdaom
0dyóemjzifhjzpfap? 0dyóema½SUoGm;½Sdaom orxjzifhjzpfap orx 0dyóem 2-yg;pkH a½SUoGm;jzpfí
yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfygu oHa,mZOfaysmufí tEko,uif;pifrnf [k qkdvdk&if;jzpfaMumif; acsyMuavonf/
okH;oyfcsuf
40/ ,k*e'ökwfonf bk&m;a[mr[kwf? t½SiftmeE´m a[maomokwf jzpfygonf
[laompum;jzifh ,k*e'ökwfudk bk&m;a[mr[kwfí y,f½Sm;vdk vufrcHvdkaom t"dyÜm,f oufa&muf\/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;uvnf; bk&m;a[m[k wifjyMuonfr[kwf/ Ak'ömoemawmfü
orx0dyóemyGm;&rnfh Mo0g'enf;vrf;rsm;udk a[mMum;xm;jcif; ½Sdygonf[kom wifjycJhMuonf/
xkdUaMumifh bk&m;a[m [kwf-r[kwfudk tjiif;yGm;&ef r½Sd? bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif a[maomw&m;jzpfap
bk&m;½Sif\om0uwdkU a[maomw&m;jzpfap vdkufemusifhBuHu tusdK;&apEdkifaomw&m;awmfjzpfvQif
,kHMunfav;pm;pGm vkdufemusifhBuH&rnfomjzpfonf/ r[mya'oav;yg;ü oGif;csíMunfhygu
Ak'¨bmodwokwåESifh vkH;0qefUusifjcif; r½Sdonfhtjyif oHCm,emokH;wef t0iftygjzpf&um;-

tpodkU
]]okwHå emr wdaóm o*Ðwda,m tm½kVmed wDPd yd#umed / y/ ww¬ okwåH

tyÜ#dAm[d,H? wH y#dAm[aEÅe Aka'¨g0 y#dAm[dawm a[mwd}} ('D | 2? 158/)
t"dyÜg,frSm - oH*g,emokH;wefwdkUodkU wiftyfukefaom yd#uwfokH;ykHwdkUonf okwårnf\/
xdkokwå[kqdktyfaom ygVdawmfudk rwm;jrpf rypfy,fxkduf? xdkokwå[kqdktyfaom ygVdawmfudk
wm;jrpfypfy,faomolonf bk&m;½Sifudkyif wm;jrpfypfy,f&ma&mufacsonf/
41/ þokwf\qkdvdk&if;rSm orxESifh 0dyóemudk yGm;rsm;&rnf[k qdkvdk&if;r[kwfyg/ orx
a½SUoGm;½Sdaom 0dyóemjzifhjzpfap 0dyóem a½SUoGm;½Sdaom orxjzifhjzpfap orx 0dyóem
ESpfyg;pkHa½SUoGm;íjzpfap yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfygu oHa,mZOfaysmufí tEko,uif;pifrnf [k
qkdvdk&if;jzpfygonf[laom acsycsufonfvnf; a'oemawmf\t"dyÜg,fudk usepGm raumuf ,lwwfíom
acsyrdaom pum;jzpfonf/ pk'dwu or®m'd|d okawoeorm;wdkUonf yxrBuD; yxrausmf "r®mp&d,wdkU
oif&Mum;&onfhenf; Oypm aewåd[m& ponfwdkUudk vkH;0 roifzl; Mu½Smojzifh
ygVdawmfjrefrmjyefrsm;udkzwfNyD; vlNydef;awG; awG;um arSmufrSm;aeMujcif;jzpfonf/
a'oemawmf\ t"dyÜm,fudk aumuf,l&mü a'oem[m& aewådenf;paom enf;aygif; rsm;pGmjzifh
aocsmaphik Munfh½Iaumuf,l&onf? þü Oyg,ç zvç tmPwåd 3-yg;rQjzifh odom ½kHrQ aumufjyay;tHh/
þokwfü orxa½SUoGm;½Sdaom 0dyóemudk yGm;rsm;í r*fjzpfay:vmyHkç 0dyóema½SUoGm; ½Sdaom
orxudkyGm;rsm;í r*fjzpfay:vmyHkç orx 0dyóemtpHkwGJvsuf yGm;rsm;í r*fjzpfay: vmyHkç
ta&miftvif;paom 0dyóem npfñl;aMumif; ]]0dyóEkyuúdavo}} ab;&ef q,fyg;wdkU aMumifhjzpfaom
wkefvIyfysHUvGifhrI ]]O'´pö}} udky,fí tZÑwåü 0dyóempdwfudkxm;um orm"dudk jzpfapí
r*fjzpfay:vmyHkav;rsdK;udk jyxm;ayonf/
þokwfü orx (orm"d) a½SUoGm;½Sdaom 0dyóempaom av;yg;wdkUudk yGm;rsm;
tm;xkwfjcif;onf taMumif;Oyg, rnf\? r*fjzpfay:vmí oHa,mZOf tEko,wdkU aysmufuif; jcif;onf
tusdK;zvrnf\? t&d,r*fudk&í oHa,mZOf tEko, aysmufuif;jcif;tusdK;udk &½Sdavatmif orx
(orm"d) a½SUoGm;½Sdaom 0dyóempaom av;yg;wdkUudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf Muav[k a'oujzpfaom
t½SiftmeE´m\ wdkufwGef;awmfrljcif;onf tmPwådrnf\? þodkU a'oemawmf\ t"dyÜm,fudk
useaocsmodjrifygu ]]orx0dyóemudk yGm;rsm;&rnf[k qdkvdk&if; r[kwfyg}} [k acsy
aom"emrdMuawmhrnf r[kwfay/
42/ aom"emvTm pmydk'feHygwf (23) vm aom"emum; pum;jzpf½HkrQom jzpfayonf?
pm½dkufolu (228)udk (222)[k ½dkufrSm;jcif;omjzpfí pdppfzG,frvdk? pmydk'feHygwf (24)vm aom"emum;
pmydk'feHygwf (4) rS (15) txd aom"emrsm;udk oHk;oyf&mü yg0ifNyD;jzpfonf/

tpodkU
43/ aom"emvTm pmydk'feHygwf (25)ü pkwdwuwdkUu ]]apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf

awmifwGif;BuD; ewfrSDawm&q&mawmf t½SifOuú|udk av;pm;MunfñdkaeMuonfh &[ef;½Sifvl
jynfolwdkUtm; ,HkrSm;oHo,0ifvmatmif a&;om;azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&aMumif;}} ponfjzifh
acsyMujyefonf/
oHk;oyfcsuf
OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwynfhrsm;onf Ak'¨\orx 0dyóemwdkUudk pGyfpGJykwfcwfy,f&Sm;rI
rûycJhvQifvnf;aumif; "r®pMumESifh tewåvu©Pokwfvm pum;wdkUudk vGJrSm;pGm vkyfBuHazmfjyrI
rûycJhvQifvnf;aumif; ,if;odkUapm'em&ef roifhacs? OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwynfhrsm;onf Ak'¨\orx
0dyóemrsm;udk pGyfpGJykwfcwfrI y,f&Sm;rI ûy-rûyudkvnf;aumif; "r®pMumESifh tewåvu©Pokwfvm
pum;wdkUudk vGJrSm;pGmvkyfBuHazmfjyrI ûy-rûyudkvnf;aumif; pdppfonf½Sdaomf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;
wifjyxm;onfh (u) (c) (*) trSwfygpum;&yfrsm;jzifh Ak'¨\orx 0dyóemwdkUudk
pGyfpGJy,f½Sm;xm;onfudk wyftyfxifxif awGUjrifae&ayonf? xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkU a&;om;xkwfa0aom
"r®tvif;a&mif opöm"r®pmapmifç edum,f\edum,fpmapmif ponfrsm;ESifh Ak'¨tbd"r®mç
tewåa&mifjcnfpaom pmtkyfrsm;üvnf; pGyfpGJy,f½Sm;rI qefUusifazmfjyrIrsm;udk awGUjrifae&ayonf?
,if;tcsufrsm;udk pk'dwuwdkUu acsyjiif;qdkjcif; rûyEdkif½HkrQru 0denf;"dk&f½kH;odkU wifoGif;aom
þaom"emvTmüyif xdkpum;rsdK;udk xyfumxyfum ajymqdkaeMujyefonf? xdktaMumif;rsm;aMumifhom
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u trSeftwdkif; apm'emMujcif;jzpf&um; tMunfñdkysufatmif
wrifa&;om;azmfjyonf[k rqdkoifhacs? b,folrûy rdrdrIqdkonfhtwdkif; pk'dwuwdkU\vkyfyHkudkom
azmfjyjcif;jzpfayonf/
44/ xdkpk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ a&;om;csufrsm;udk tenf;i,fxkwfjyOD;tHh/
(u) ½kyfESifhemrfwdkU\ csKyf&mNidrf;&m ukefqHk;&m edAÁmefBuD;jzpfonf[laom Ak'¨ bmom
jrefrmavmuom;wpf&yfvHk;\ tEkrmeum; Ak'¨\"r®Mumü rxifaom t,ltqrQom
jzpfacsonf? pifppfrSm acs;añSmf aumf[k qdktyfaom wPSm"mwf uGmus&ef êud;yrf;rI
udkomvQif Ak'¨t½Sif &nfñTef;cJhonf? ½kyfawG emrfawGudk xkacs½dkufcGJNyD; vufpwHk;
ukefqHk; csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkU a&mufoGm;atmiftm;xkwf&ef &nfoef½dk;&if; ESvHk;oGif;um
tvQif;yif Ak'¨ü r½SdcJhacs/ (vlaovljzpf 'k-tBudrf½dkuf? ESm-39)
(c) ]]Zmwdyd 'ku©m}} t& jyqdk&mü ]]trd0rf;wGif;ü udef;atmif;&jcif;udk 'ku©[k
a[mjcif;r[kwfaMumif; em;vnfyg? trd0rf;wGif; bmrQ'ku©rjzpf}}/
(Ak'¨tbd"r®m y-ESdyf? ESm-197)

tpodkU
(*) ]]yÍöKyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku©m}} qdkonfrSm cE¨mig;yg;üpGJaom Oyg'gefw&m;udk qdkvdkonf?

Oyg'gefrJhaom (r½Sdaom) cE¨mig;yg;onf okcwnf;/ (Ak'¨tbd"r®m y-ESdyf? ESm-198)
(C) ]]b0jywfjcif;t,ludk oHa,mifvdkufí rSm;,laeMuaom jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd Ak'¨bmomtrnfcH
ta&ûcHvlwpfpkwdkUuvnf; b0½SdvQif 'ku©ç b0jywfrS okcedAÁmef? edAÁmefrSm ½kyfcE¨mç
b0r½Sd[k ajymqdkawmifhw aeMuacsao;\? xdkt,lonf a*gwr\ tvdkus r[kwfacs}}/
(Ak'¨tbd"r®m-204)
(i) ]]yÍöKyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku©m? Oyg'gefwPSmESifhwuGjzpfaom cE¨mig;yg; omvQif 'ku©wJh?
Oyg'gefwPSmr½Sdaom cE¨mig;yg;[m eda&m"? edAÁmeokcaygh}}/
(Ak'¨tbd"r®m y-ESdyf? ESm-206)
(p) um,duokc = udk,fcsrf;om?
apwoduokc = pdwfcsrf;om?
avmuü udk,fcsrf;om pdwfcsrf;omtjyif bm½Sdao;vJ? ¤if; 2-ckuvGJí csrf;omr½Sdyg?
vlcsrf;omç ewfcsrf;omç jA[®mhcsrf;omç edAÁmefcsrf;omwdkUvnf; xdk 2-rsdK;xJwGif
tusKH;0if\/ (Ak'¨tbd"r®m y-ESdyf? ESm-216)
(q) ]]yx0Dç tmaygç awaZmç 0ga,m qdkwJh obm0BuD;av;rsdK;tm; (y-tm-0g-aw)
"mwfBuD;av;yg; [laomtrnfjzifh tbd"r®me,fy,fü wGifus,fcJhavNyD / y/ ¤if;wdkUonf
ûyjyifrIESifh ajymif;vJrIudkom vufcHMuukef\? ysufpD;ukefqHk; ed*Hk;csKyfjcif;udkrlum;
tjyif;txef jiif;qefavh ½SdMuukef\ /y/ ¤if;wdkUonf edpö NrJwJhoabmudk
vnf;aumif;? "k0- cdkifwJhoabmudkvnf;aumif;? oów- wpfrsdK;wnf;wnfwJh
oabmudkvnf;aumif;? t0demoD- rysufpD;wJhoabmudkvnf;aumif;? oAÁmAsmyD-
tvHk;pHkysHUESHUí wnfwJhoabmudkvnf;aumif; aqmifMuukef\}}
(tewåa&mifjcnf? ESm 97-98)
(Z) ]]0dyóemvkyfief;pOfrsm;vnf; b0oHk;yg;tay:wGif tajccHxm;NyD; tusdK;cE¨may:wGif
½IrSwfqifjcif yGm;rsm;aeMuonfomrsm;Muonf? ynwftm½Hkrsm;udk ½IrSwf qifjcif
yGm;rsm;aeMuonf? tusdK;udkowfí aejcif;tm;jzifh vrf;qHk;odkUra&muf½SdEdkif}}
(Ak'¨0g'jyóemrsm;? ESm-20)
]]tusdK; ½kyfemrfcE¨mwdkUonf ynwfw&m;rsm;yif r[kwfygavavm}}
(,if;pmapmif ESm-21)
(ps) aqmif,l ESvHk;oGif;&rnfh opömum; tb,fenf;? eda&m"ESifh r*¾opömwdkU jzpfonf/
(Ak'¨0dyóem-2? ESm-79)

tpodkU
þum; OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvdkufrsm; a&;om;xkwfa0aom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;rS tenf;i,frQ

xkwfjytyfaom rSm;,Gif;aom t,ljypum;&yfrsm;jzpfonf? xdkpum;&yfrsm;udk tenf;i,f ½Sif;jyOD;tHh/
45/ (u) trSwfjypum;&yfonf rdrdomvQif usrf;*ef\ teuft"dyÜm,fudk use rSefuefpGm
,lqwwfoljzpfonf[k rdrdudk,fudk a`rSmufyifh0g<um;yvTm;rI ]]twåKuúHoe}} Ak'¨bmom jrefrm
&[ef;½Sifvltm;vHk;onfum; usrf;*ef\teuft"dyÜm,fudk userSefuefpGm ,lqwwfolrsm; r[kwfMu[k
olwyg;udk ESdrfhcsuJh&JUrI ]]y&0rÇe}} ESpfudpö NyD;ap&ef &nfoefa&;om;csufom jzpfayonf/
jrefrmjynf omoem0if0,f aetoGif vtoGif ay:vGifxif½Sm;onfh a½S;a½S;aom omoeygv
omoea,m" r[max&ft½SifjrwfBuD;rsm;ESifh ,ckrsufarSmufacwf omoem0if0,f ay:vGifxif½Sm;onfh
omoemapmifh omoemhol&Jaumif;BuD;rsm; jzpfawmfrlMuaom r[max&fjrwfBuD;rsm;onf
"r®pMuma'oemawmfudk aocsmaphpyf txyfxyftcgcg avhvmoif,lawmf rlMuNyD;ívnf;aumif;
,if;a'oemawmfvm r*¾if½Spfyg; tusifhw&m;udk yGm;rsm;usifhoHk;awmf rlMuívnf;aumif; ]]½kyfemrfwdkU\
csKyfNidrf;ukefqHk;&monf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfjzpfonf}} [k tm*rokw t"d*rokw = pmawGUÓPfawGUjzifh
awhawhqdkifqdkif ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifBuD; odjrifawmfrlcJhMuayonf? þodkU odjrifawmfrlMuí Ak'¨½Siftvdkawmfus
]]½kyfemrf"r®wdkU\ csKyfNidrf; ukefqHk;&monf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfjzpfonf}} [k a[mazmfñTefjyawmf
rlcJhMuavonf/
,if;odkUjzpfygvsuf OD;Ouú|onf yd#uusrf;*efrsm;udk q&menf;usus roif,lcJhzl;í
yd#uawmfvm a'oem\ teuft"dyÜm,fudk aocsm*e r,lqwwfaomaMumifhaomfvnf;aumif;
Ak'¨bmomjrefrm wavmuvHk;udk tjypfwifvdk ESdrfhcsvdk jypfrSm;vdkaom y'k|pdwf zHk;ydwfuG,f
vmaeaomaMumifhaomfvnf;aumif; rdrd rodrjrifav[ef vkyfBuHpGyfpGJcJhavonf/
46/ ½kyfemrfwdkU\ csKyfjidrf;ukefqHk;&monf edAÁmefjzpfonf}} [laom teuft"dyÜm,fonfum;
]]'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH}} [laom bk&m;½SifrdefUcGef;awmfudkMum;&½kH xkdyk'fudk jrif&½kHjzifhyif
odomxif½Sm;vSayonf? rSefvS\? ]]'ku©eda&m"H}} [laomyk'fü 'ku©\t&um; ]]yÍöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m}}
[laom a'oemjzifhyif Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;[k xif½Sm; odom\? xdkig;yg;wdkUwGif ½kykyg'geu©E¨monf
½kyfw&m; a0'Ekyg'geu©E¨mç oñkyg'geu©E¨mç ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨mç 0dnmPkyg'geu©E¨m av;yg;wdkUum;
emrfw&m;jzpfí ½kyfemrfESpfyg;yifjzpfonf? eda&m"[laomyk'fonfum; csKyf&m[laom teuf
csKyfNidrf;jcif;[laom teufudka[monf? xdkUaMumifh]]'ku©eda&m"Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;½kyfemrfw&m;[laom
'ku©\csKyf&m (0g)csKyfjcif;onf eda&m"opöm=edAÁmef}} [laom teufonf "r®pMuma'oemawmfüyif
ay:vGifxif½Sm;vSayonf? þrQavmuf ay:vGifxif½Sm;aeaom teuft"dyÜm,fudkyif rjrifwwf rodwwf
r,lqwwfaom OD;Ouú|onf ]]Ak'¨bmom jrefrmavmuom;wpf&yfvHk;\ tEkrmeum; Ak'¨\"r®pMumü
rxif}} [k tjypfwifpum; a&;om;í t<um;BuD; <um;rdavonf/

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47/ ]]pifppfrSm acs;añSmfaumf[k qdktyfaom wPSm"mwf uGmus&ef êud;yrf;rIudkomvQif

Ak'¨t½Sif &nfñTef;cJhonf? ½kyfawG emrfawGudk xkacs½dkufcGJNyD; vufpwHk; ukefqHk;csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkU
a&mufoGm;atmif tm;xkwf&ef &nfoef½dk;&if; ESvHk;oGif;um tvQif;yif Ak'¨ü r½SdcJhacs}} [laom
a&;om;csufonfvnf; ,cifpum;ESifh tvm;wlyifjzpfonf? tu,fí ½kyfçemrftm;vHk;
ukefqHk;csKyfNidrf;oGm;ygu vlaovQif vljyefí rjzpfEdkifawmhaomaMumifh rdrd\ vlaovljzpf0g'udk
usm;uefaxmufulay;&ef êud;yrf;csufjzpfayonf? ]]'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH}} [laom rdefUcGef;awmfudk
rsufuG,fûyí ]]a,m wó a,0 wPSm,}} paom aemufpum;udkom ,lNyD;vQif ÓPftjrifao;odrfaom
vlwpfpkudk rdrdbufygatmif aoG;aqmifvSnfhpm;aom a&;om;csufvnf; jzpfayonf/
þodkUaom 0dw@0g'D (qefUusifbuft,l½Sdol) yk*¾dKvfwdkU\ pum;uyfudk;rnfhta&;udk ajrmfawG;
odjrifawmfrlaom t|uxmq&monf -
]]eda&m"opöeda'áo a,m wóma,0 wPSm,mwd {w¬ a,m waó0 'ku©ómwd
0wåaAÁ ,o®m ork',eda&ma"ae0 'ku©H ed½kZÑwd}} (t bd | 2? 105/)
tp½Sdaompum;udk rdefUMum;zGifhvSpfcJhavonf/
t"dyÜg,frSm - 'ku©\csKyfNidrf;&m 'ku©eda&m"t&d,opömudk jyawmfrl&mü ('ku©eda&m"[laom
yk'fESifhvdkufavsmatmif) ]]a,m wó0 'ku©ó}} [k a[moifhygvsuf ra[mbJ tb,faMumifh ]]a,m
wóa,0 wPSm,}} [k wPSm ork',csKyfjcif;jzifh 'ku©eda&m"udk jyawmfrloenf;[lrl
taMumif;w&m;jzpfaom wPSmork',\ csKyfjcif;aMumifhom tusdK;jzpfaom Oyg'geu©E¨m
ig;yg;½kyfemrfw&m;[laom 'ku©csKyfonf? wPSmcsKyfjcif;rSwyg; tjcm;taMumif;aMumifh
'ku©csKyfonfr[kwf? xdkUaMumifh tusdK;jzpfapaom Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;½kyfemrfw&m;[laom 'ku©\csKyf&m
edAÁmefudkjyawmfrlvdkaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf taMumif; jzpfaom wPSmork',csKyfjcif;jzifh jyawmfrlonf?
Oyrmjzifh xif½Sm;atmif jy&rl jcaoFhonf rdrdudk jrm;jzifhypfonf½Sdaomf jrm;ukdrvdkufbJ ypfoludkom
vdkufouJhodkU xdkUtwl bk&m;½SifwdkUonfvnf; tusdK;jzpfaom Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;½kyfemrfw&m;[laom
'ku©udk csKyfNidrf;apvdkMuonf½Sdaomf taMumif;jzpfaom wPSmork', csKyfNidrf;&ef usifhoHk;Mu[k
ñTefjyawmfrlMuayonf/
48/ xyfí ½Sif;jyOD;tHh- ork',opöm wPSmavmbonf taMumif;? Oyg'geu©E¨m
ig;yg;½kyfemrfw&m;[laom 'ku©opömonf tusdK;? opfyif\a&aomufjrpfonf tjypftemtqm r½SdbJ
ckdifNrJaevQif txufydkif; tudkif;tcufrsm;udk ckwfcsifwdkif; ckwfjzwfxm;apumrl xdkopfyifonf
jyefvnfaygufa&muf ½SifoefjyefouJhodkU þtwlyif ork',opöm wPSmtEko,udk t&[wår*fjzifh
ry,f&ao;vQif Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;½kyfemrfw&m;[laom 'ku©opömw&m;onf xyfumxyfum
jzpfíaernfom jzpfayonf/

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,xmyd rlav tEky'á0 'aV? qdaEémyd ½kau©m ykea&0 ½l[wd/

{0rÜd wPSmEkoa, tEl[aw? edAÁwåwd 'ku©rd'H ykeyÜKeH/ (ck-1 ("r®y') 62/)
jrefrmjyef
cdkifNrJaom a&aomufjrpfudk rzsufqD;bJ rckwfbJ yifpnfudk jzwfaomfvnf; opfyifonf
wzefaygufa&muf pnfum;jyefouJhodkU þtwl udef;atmif;aeaom wPSmudk rzsufqD;tyf
ao;onf½Sdaomf þ(y#doaEäejcif;paom)qif;&Jonf tzefzef txyfxyfjzpf&\/ (ck-jref 1/ 58/)
49/ opfyifudk aoGUajcmufysufpD;apvdkaomolonf tjrpfudk y,fjzwf zsufqD;&ouJhodkU
vnf;aumif; a&m*gudk uif;aysmufapvdkaomolonf a&m*g\ taMumif;t&if;udk Nidrf;ap&ouJhodkU
vnf;aumif; ½kyfemrfcE¨m[laom 'ku©udkcsKyfNidrf;apvdkaom yk*¾dKvfonfvnf; opfyif\tjrpfESifhwlaom
wPSmç a&m*g\ taMumif;&if;ESifhwlaom wPSmudk t<uif;rJhy,f owf&avonf? y,fowf&ef
vufeufum; t&d,r*¾if½Spfyg;yifjzpfonf/
,if;t&d,r*¾ifudk rdrdoEÅmefüjzpfapvdkaom olawmfpifonf oDvr*¾if orm"dr*¾ifwnf;[laom
tajccHrlvr*¾ifwdkUudk rdrdoEÅmefü a½S;OD;pGm jzpfyGm;apí 0dyóemr*¾ifwnf;[laom ykAÁbm*r*¾ifudk
jzpfyGm;ap&onf? oDvr*¾ifjzifh 0dwduúr udavom=(um,uHusK;vGefrI)wdkUudk y,fowf&onf?
orm"dr*¾ifjzifh y&d,k|meudavom= (raemuHaomif;usef;rI)wdkUudk y,fowf&onf? 0dyóemr*¾ifjzifh
tEko,udavom=(tudef;"mwf)udk w'*Fy[meftm;jzifh y,fowf&onf? þodkUaomtpOfjzifh
rZÑdr#dy'gac: r*¾if½Spfyg; tusifhw&m;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfonf½Sdaomf orm"dÓPf
xufoefjynfhpHkaomtcgü t&d,r*fÓPf av;yg;wdkU tpOftm;jzifh xif½Sm;jzpfay:vmMuukef\/
50/ xdkt&d,r*fav;yg;wdkUwGif aomwmywådr*fonf 'd|d0dpdudpäm udavomESpfyg; wkdUudk
t<uif;rJh y,fowfavonf? tyg,*red, (tyg,fodkUvm;apwwfaom) avmbç a'goç arm[ç rmeç
xdeç O'¨pöç t[d&duç taemwååyÜ [laomudavom½Spfyg;wdkUudkvnf; y,fowf avonf? (tyg,*red,
r[kwfaom tyg,fodkUrvm;apwwfaom enf;yg;aom avmbponf wdkUudkum; ry,fEdkifao;)?
xdkudavomwdkUudk y,fowfvdkufonf½Sdaomf xkdudavomwdkUaMumifh jzpfxdkufonfh tyg,f ½kyfemrfcE¨mESifh
ckepfb0txuf terw*¾ oHo&mü jzpfxkdufaom ok*wd½kyfemrfwdkUvnf; jzpfcGifhr&bJ
jywfpJcsKyfNidrf;Muavonf/
ou'g*grdr*fonf ½kefU&if;Murf;wrf;aom umr&m* Asmyg'wdkUudk y,fowf\? (odrfarGUaom
umr&m* Asmyg'wdkUudkum; ry,fEdkifao;)? xdk ½kefU&if;aom umr&m* Asmyg'wdkUudk
y,fowfvdkufonf½Sdaomf xkdudavomwdkUaMumifh ESpfb0txufjzpfxdkufaom ½kyfemrf cE¨mwdkUvnf;
jzpfcGifhr&bJ jywfpJcsKyfNidrf;Muavonf/

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tem*grdr*fonf umr&m* Asmyg'wdkUudk t<uif;rJhy,f\? xdkumr&m*paom udavomwdkUudk

y,fvdkufonf½Sdaomf xdkudavomwdkUaMumifh jzpfxdkufonfh umrb0 ½kyfemrf cE¨mwdkUvnf; jzpfcGifhr&bJ
jywfpJcsKyfNidrf;Muavonf/
t&[wår*fonf ½ly&m*ç t½ly&m*ç arm[ç rmeç xdeç O'¨pöç t[d&duç
taemwåyÜudavomwdkUudk t<uif;tusefr½Sdatmif y,fowfavonf? xdktcg wPSmwnf;[l aom
tqm"mwfESifhwuG udavomtm;vHk; ukefqHk;csKyfNidrf;oGm;jcif;aMumifh tjrpfjywfoGm;aom opfyifyrm
½kyfemrfcE¨m tm;vHk;wdkUonfvnf; ukefqHk;csKyfNidrf;Muavonf? xdkUaMumifh -
]]t,rEÅdrm Zmwd? ew¬d 'ged ykeAÇa0g}}
]]þb0onf aemufqHk;b0jzpfonf? ,cktcgü aemufxyfb0topfjzpf&ef r½SdNyD}} [k
"r®pMuma'oem ed*Hk;ü bk&m;½Sifa[mawmfrlcJhayonf/
þqdkcJhjyD;aom taMumif;rsm;aMumifh ]]wPSmukefatmif usifh&efom Ak'¨½Sif&nfñTef;onf?
½kyfemrfcsKyfNidrf;atmif usifh&efr&nf½G,f}}[k pum;uyfíajymjcif;onf OD;Ouú| w&m;rwwfonfudkom
ay:vGifapayonf/
51/ (c) ]]trd0rf;ü udef;atmif;ae&jcif;udk 'ku©[k a[mjcif;r[kwfaMumif; em;vnfyg?
trd0rf;wGif; bmrQ'ku©rjzpf}} [laom pum;onf vGefpGmrSm;,Gif;aom pum;jzpfonf? trd0rf;wGif;ü
udef;atmif;&jcif;\ vGefrif;pGm aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom 'ku©jzpfyHkudk oar®m[0daem'eD t|uxm ESm
90-91 rS xkwfEIwfjyOD;tHh/
trd0rf;ü udef;atmif;&aom owå0gonf rdcif\ tpmopftdrfESifh tpmusuf=usifBuD;
tdrfwdkU\tMum; tvGefusOf;ajrmif;arSmifrJaom pufqkyf½GH½SmzG,f twdjynfhaom t&yfü jzpf&avonf?
trd0rf;0,f tom;ESyfudk xkwfxm;ouJhodkUvnf;aumif; rkefUnufpdkifudk ûywfazsmxm;
ouJhodkUvnf;aumif; rauG;Edkif rqefUEdkifbJ vGefuJaom'ku©udk cHpm;&avonf? trd\ taqmwvsif
cRwfacsmfwdrf;,drf;jcif; oGm;vmxdkifx vl;vSdrfhjcif; ponfwdkUudk ûy&mtcgü t&ufrl;NyD; a0SU&rf;aeaom
vlrdkuf\vufwGif;u odk;i,fuav;vdkç a>rtvrÜ,fq&m\ vufwGif;u a>ri,fuav;vdk
vGefpGmqif;&Javonf? trdu at;jraoma&udk aomufonfhtcg tvGefat;vSonfh oDwi&JodkU
usa&muf&ovdk ylaomtpmudk pm;onfhtcg rD;usD;i&JodkU usa&muf&ovdkç tieftcsOfponfrsm;udk
pm;onfhtcg ta&udkcGmí qm;iefa&jzifh yufzsef;cH&ovdkç vGefpGmpl;½S xufjrufvSonfh 'ku©tzHkzHkudk
awGUêuHcHpm;&avonf? zGm;jrif&mtcgüvnf; ur®Zavt[kefaMumifh OD;apmufajymif;jyefvefí
tvGefusOf;ajrmif;onfh a,med0jzifh aovkajrmyg; 'ku©cHpm;um zGm;jrifvm&avonf? trd0rf;wGif;ü
'ku©jzpfyHkum; rsm;vSpGm\? tus,fudk t|uxmü tus,fzGifhjy\? odkUygvsuf OD;Ouú|onf Zmwdyd
'ku©m[laom bk&m;a[mw&m;udk ajymifususqefUusifNyD; trd0rf;wGif;ü bm'ku©rQr½Sd[lí a&;jcif;onf
Ak'¨bmodwESifh qefUusifa&;pdwf"mwfudk azmfjyjcif;yif jzpfavonf/

tpodkU
52/ (*) ]]yÍöyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku©m-qdkonfrSm cE¨mig;yg;üpGJaom Oyg'gefw&m;udk qdkvdkonf}}

[laom t,lonfvnf; bk&m;½SiftvdkawmfESifh rsm;pGmqefUusif\? qefUusifyHkudk rlvyPÖmoygVdawmfü
vmaompum;jzifh azmfjyvdkayonf/
]]t½Sifr xdkOyg'gefonfyif Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;wdkUygavm? odkUr[kwf Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;wdkUudk
MuOfz,fxm;vQif Oyg'gef½Sdygao;oavm}}[laom 0domcola|;BuD;\ ar;jref;csufudk "r®'dEém
&[EÅmax&Dru-
]]e acg tm0kaom 0domc wan0 Oyg'geH aw yÍöKyg'geu©E¨m?
emyd tnMw yÍö[kyg'geu©aE¨[d Oyg'geH (r? 1? 374)}}/
'g,um0domc xdkOyg'gefonfyif Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg; r[kwfyg? Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;udk
MuOfz,fxm;vQif Oyg'gefr½Sdyg[k ajzMum;vdkufonf? bk&m;½Sifuvnf; þjyóemudk
igbk&m;ukdar;vQifvnf; þtwdkif;yifajz&rnf? þtwdkif;yifrSwf[k rdefUawmfrlonf? xdkaMumifh
þa'oemudk Ak'¨bmodw bk&m;a[m[k rSwf&m\? þodkU ]]Oyg'gefonf Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;r[kwf}} [k
ygVdawmfü wdkuf½dkufqdkxm;ygvsuf ]]Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;qdkonfrSm cE¨mig;yg;ü pGJaom Oyg'gefw&m;udk
qdkvdkonf}} [k azmfjyjcif;onf txufyg ygVdawmfudk roG,fr0dkuf wdkuf½dkufy,fzsufvdkufjcif;yif
jzpfacsonf/
53/ þ a'oemawmfum; tbd"r®mudk ravhvmzl;olwdkUtwGuf todcufaomaMumifh
tenf;i,f ½Sif;jyOD;rnf/
Oyg'gef[lonf avmbESifh'd|d jzpfonf? Oyg'geu©E¨m[lonf avmuDpdwf(81)ç apwoduf(52)ç
½kyf(28) [laom cE¨mig;yg;jzpfonf? xdkwGif ½kyf28-yg;onf ½lykyg'geu©E¨mç a0'emapwodufonf
a0'Ekyg'geu©E¨mç onmapwodufonf oñkyg'geu©E¨mç usefapwoduf(50)onf ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨mç
avmuDpdwf 81-onf 0dnmPkyg'geu©E¨mjzpfonf? (ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨mjzpfonfh apwoduf 50-wGif
avmbESifh'd|d yg0ifaeonfudkodyg)? xdkUaMumifh avmb'd|dwnf;[laom Oyg'gefonf Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;
r[kwf? ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨m\ tpdwftydkif;rQomjzpfonf? Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;udk
MuOfz,fxm;vdkufvQifvnf; Oyg'gef[k r½SdEdkif onfudk od&m\/
avmbESifh 'd|donf Oy'gefvnf;jzpfonf? Oyg'geu©E¨mvnf; jzpfonf? avmb 'd|drS<uif;aom
avmuDcE¨mig;yg;onf Oyg'geu©E¨momjzpfonf? Oyg'gefrjzpf? þum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmfwnf;?
Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;onf Oy'gefjzpfonf? þum; bk&m;udk qefUusifaom OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkU\
tvdkwnf;/
54/ ]]Oyg'gefrJhaom (r½Sdaom) cE¨mig;yg;onf okcwnf;}} [laom pum;onfvnf;
tbd"r®mobm0ESifh vHk;0qefUusif\/

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þpum;onf ]]yÍöKyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku©m}} Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;wdkUonf 'ku©wdkUwnf;-

[laompum;&yf\ Aswda&uw¬-ajymif;jyef,lxm;aom teufjzpfonf? OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\
aemufvdkufrsm;onf Oyg'gef½SdaomykxkZOfç aou©yk*¾dKvfwkdU\ cE¨mig;yg;udk Oyg'geu©E¨m[lí
vnf;aumif; Oyg'gefr½Sdaom &[EÅm\cE¨mig;yg;udk Oyg'gefr½Sdaom cE¨mig;yg;[lívnf;aumif;
,lvdkMu[ef½Sd\? ax&0g'yd#uü þodkUa[mxm;aom t&m|me r½Sdacs/
ykxkZOfaou©yk*¾dKvfwkdU\ oEÅmefüjzpfap &[EÅm\ oEÅmefüjzpfap Oyg'gefwdkU\ tm½kHjzpfaom
(Oyg'gefwdkUu tm½kHûyEdkifaom) avmuD pdwfapwoduf ½kyf[laom cE¨mig;yg;wdkUudk
Oyg'geu©E¨m[lívnf;aumif; Oyg'ged,w&m;[lívnf;aumif; jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrl\?
Oyg'gefwdkU\tm½kHr[kwfaom (Oyg'gefwdkUudk tm½kHrûyEdkifaom) avmukwå&mpdwf apwodufedAÁmefudk
tEkyg'ged,w&m;[kom a[mawmfrl\? tEkyg'geu©E¨m[k oD;jcm; a[mxm;aomt&mum; r½Sdacs?
xdkUaMumifh avmuDpdwfapwoduf ½kyfw&m;onf cE¨mvnf;rnf\? Oyg'geu©E¨mvnf; rnf\? avmukwå&m
pdwfapwoduf[laom emrfcE¨mav;yg;onfum; cE¨momrnf\? Oyg'geu©E¨m rrnf? edAÁmefum; cE¨mvnf;
rrnf Oyg'geu©E¨mvnf; rrnf? ,if;odkUjzpfí ]]Oyg'gefrJhaom (r½Sdaom) cE¨mig;yg;}} [laom
pum;onfyif vGJrSm;aeaompum; jzpfonf/
OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvdkufrsm;u &[EÅm\cE¨mig;yg;udk Oyg'gefr½Sdaom cE¨mig;yg;[k
,lvdkMu[ef ½SdaMumif;udk qdkcJhNyD? xdkodkU,lvQifvnf; &[EÅm\ cE¨mig;yg;wdkUwGif avmuDcE¨m ig;yg;onf
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usefcE¨mrsm;um; okcr[kwfacs? opömtm;jzifhum; 'ku©opömcsnf;om jzpf\? t&[wå zdkvf pdwf
apwoduf [laom erfcE¨mav;yg;wdkUum; cE¨momrnf\? Oyg'geu©E¨mrrnf?
xdkavmukwå&mcE¨mwdkUwGifvnf; atmufpsefav;yg;ESifh,SOfaom t&[wåzdkvf pdwåKyÜg'fjzpfrl
okca0'emwpfckomjzpfí usefcE¨mrsm;um; okcr[kwfacs? yÍörpsmefESifh,SOfaom pdwåKyÜg'fjzpfrlum;
okc[lí vHk;0ryg½Sdacs? opömtm;jzifhum; zdkvfpdwåKyÜg'fwdkUonf tbd"r®menf;tm;jzifh opömrSvGwf\?
okwåefenf;tm;jzifh r*¾opöm 'ku©opömrsm; jzpfMu\? xdkUaMumifh Oyg'gefrJhaom(r½Sdaom) cE¨mig;yg;onf
okcwnf;[laom pum;onf tbd"r®m a'oemawmfESifh vHk;0qefUusifaom pum;om jzpfayonf/
55/ (C) trSwfjypum;&yfonfum; wdw¬dwdkU\ Oapä't,lESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
edAÁmefudktwlxm;vsuf jrefrmAk'¨bmom0iftm;vHk;udk odrf;usHK;qJa&;aom pum;omjzpfonf?
Ak'¨bmomwdkU\ edAÁmefum; (OD;Ouú|ESifhtaygif;ygwdkUxifovdk) Oapä't,lESifh tenf;i,frQyif rwlacs/
Oapä''d|d= (jywfpJ) t,lonf cE¨mig;yg;wdkUwGif wpfyg;yg;udk twå=(toufaumif)[k ,lNyD;vQif
xdktwå=(toufaumif)onf owå0gaovQif jywf\? aemufxyf bmrQrjzpfawmh[k
,laomt,ljzpfonfudk oDvu©efygVdawmf (35)ü awGUjrifEdkifayonf? þOapä''d|donf tZdwauourÁv

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wdw¬dq&mBuD;\ ew¬du'd|dü tusKH;0if\? þtaMumif;udkvnf; oDvu©ef ygVdawmf (59)

tZdwauourÁv\ t,ludkjy&mygXfü -
]]ew¬d t,H avmum? ew¬d ya&m avmaum? ew¬d owåm Moyygwdum}} (wpfyg;aomb0ü
wnfolUtwGuf) þb0r½Sd? (þb0ü wnfolUtwGuf) wpfyg;aomb0r½Sd? aoíwzefjzpfaom?
owå0gwdkUr½Sdukef [laom yk'fwkdUjzifhodEdkifayonf/
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ edAÁmefum; þOapä't,lESifh rwluGJjym; jcm;em;vSayonf? Ak'¨
bmom0ifwdkU\ edAÁmef[lonf 0#foHk;yg;wdkU\ csKyfNidrf;jywfpJoGm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
56/ 0¥=0#f[lonfrSm tqufrjywf w&pyfvnfaeaom oabmyifjzpfonf?
xkd0#fonf -
(1) udavo0#f
(2) ur®0#f
(3) 0dygu0#f [lí -
oHk;yg;½Sd\? xdkoHk;yg;wdkUwGif -
(1) t0dZÆmç wPSmç Oyg'gef þoHk;yg;onf udavo0#frnf\?
(2) ocFg&ç ur®b0[k ac:qdktyfaom avmuDukodkvfç tukodkvfapwemuHonf
ur®0#frnf\?
(3) uH\tusdK;jzpfaom b0opf ½kyfemrfcE¨monf 0dygu0#frnf\/ (0dnmPfç emrf½kyfç
oVm,we-ponfyifwnf;)/
ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfç aou©yk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oEÅmefü t&[wår*fjzifh t<uif;rJhry,f&ao;jcif;aMumifh t0dZÆmç
wPSmç Oyg'gef[laom udavo0#frsm;½SdaeonfhtwGuf ukodkvfç tukodkvfuHwnf;[laom
ur®0#fwdkUjzpfMuavonf? xdkur®0#faMumifh uH\tusdK;jzpfonfh b0topf ½kyfemrffcE¨m[laom 0dygu0#f
jzpf&jyefavonf? þum; 0#foHk;yg;vnfaeyHkwnf;/
57/ oDv orm"d ynm odu©moHk;yg;udk jynfhpHkatmif jznfhusifhaomyk*¾dKvf\ oEÅmefü
aomwmywådr*f ou'g*grdr*f tem*grdr*f t&[wår*fwdkU tpOftwdkif;jzpfay:vmMuonf?
t&[wår*f\tjcm;rJhüyif t&[wåzdkvfpdwfjzpfum &[EÅmtjzpfodkU qdkufa&mufavonf/
t&[wår*fjzpfonfESifh wûydifeuf (aea&mifawmufonfESifh wûydifeuf tarSmifaysmuf ouJhodkU)
t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefwnf;[laom udavo0#fonf csKyfNidrf;jywfpJavonf? xdk&[EÅm\ oEÅmefü
udavo0#f r½SdawmhonfhtwGuf twdwfuûycJhaomuHa[mif;wdkUonf y#doaE¨tusdK; (b0opftusdK;)udk
ray;EdkifMuawmhay? ukodkvfuHtopfvnf; aemufxyf rjzpfawmhay? taMumif;jzpfaom ur®0#f
rjzpfawmhbJ Nidrf;pJoGm;jcif;aMumifh tusdK;jzpfaom 0dygu0#f (b0opf ½kyf emrf cE¨m) rjzpfawmhbJ

tpodkU
jywfpJcsKyfNidrf;avonf? þodkU0#foHk;yg;wdkU jywfpJcsKyfNidrf;oGm;jcif;udkyif edAÁmef[kac:qdkonf? xdkUaMumifh

oDvu©efygVdawmf au0¥okwfü atmufygtwdkif; a[mawmfrlonf/
0dnmPH ted'óeH? teEÅH oAÁawm ybH/
{w¬ tmayg p yx0D? awaZm 0ga,m e *g"wd/
{w¬ 'DCÍö &wåÍö? tPkH xlvH okbm okbH/
{w¬ emrÍö ½lyÍö? taooH Oy½kZÑwd/
0dnmPó eda&ma"e? {aw¬wH Oy½kZÑwd ('D 1? 213) /
jrefrmjyef
(rsufpdjzifh) rjrifaumif;aom (Oyg'f XD bif) tydkif;tjcm;r½Sdaom xuf0ef;usif qdyfurf;½Sdaom
ÓPftxl;jzifh odtyfaom edAÁmefonf½Sd\/
þ(edAÁmef)ü a& ajr rD; avonf rwnfay? þ(edAÁmef) ü t½Snf twdk ti,f tBuD; taumif;
tqdk;onf r½Sday? þ(edAÁmef)ü emrfESifh½kyfonf t<uif;rJhcsKyfay\? þ(edAÁmef)ü 0dnmOf\ csKyfjcif;aMumifh
þ(emrfESifh ½kyf)onf csKyfay\('D jref 1? 242) /
58/ þa'oemawmfudk axufqí edAÁmefü ½kyfemrfwpfpHkwpfckrQ r½Sd[laomt,lonf
bk&m;½Sif\ t,ljzpfayonf? ]]edAÁmefrSm ½kyfcE¨mb0r½Sd[k ajymqdkawmifhw aeMuacsao;\? xdkt,lonf
a*gwr\ tvdkusr[kwfacs}} [laom OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ t,lonfum; bk&m;½Sif\
tvdkusr[kwfbJ tvGJtrSm; t<um;oufoufomjzpfonf/
59/ (i) trSwfjypum;&yfwGif ]]Oyg'gefwPSm r½Sdaom cE¨mig;yg;[m eda&m"edAÁme okcaygh}}
[laompum;ü Oyg'gefwPSm r½SdaomcE¨mig;yg;[lonf &[EÅm\cE¨mig;yg;udk olwdkUqkdvdk[ef½Sdonf[k
azmfjycJhNyD;? ,if;odkUjzpfvQif ]]Oyg'gefwPSmr½Sdaom &[EÅm\ cE¨mig;yg;udk eda&m"opöm edAÁmefcsrf;om}} [k
OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufygyk*¾dKvfwdkU ,lxm;Muavonf/
]]tocFwH cEäwm XaywGm}} tocFw"mwf edAÁmefw&m;jrwfudk cE¨m[laom ta&twGuf
rScsefxm;í[k "mwkuxmygVdawmfü txyfxyftcgcg bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlcJhygvsuf edAÁmefudk
cE¨müoGif;xm;jcif;onf tvQif;yifroifhacs? bk&m;udkqefUusifaom t,l0g'om jzpfayonf/
eda&m"opöm edAÁmef[lonf cE¨mig;yg;r[kwf? 0#fqif;&J\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;omjzpfonfudk t*FkwådK&f
wdw¬m,weokwfü -
uwrÍö bdu©a0 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH? t0dZÆm,awG0 taoo0d&m*eda&m"m
ocFg&eda&maPm / y/ £'H 0kpöwd bdu©a0 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH (tH 1?178)-
[k a[mawmfrlayonf/
t"dyÜm,frSm ]]&[ef;wdkU 'ku©eda&m" t&d,opöm[lonf ?0g? edAÁmef[lonf tb,fenf;?
t&[wår*fjzifhy,fí t0dZÆmt<uif;rJh csKyfjcif;aMumifh ocFg&wdkU\ csKyfjcif;jzpf\ / y/ ZmwdcsKyf

tpodkU
jcif;aMumifh tdkjcif; aojcif; pdk;&drfjcif; idka<u;jcif; udk,fqif;&Jjcif; pdwfqif;&Jjcif; jyif;pGmyifyef;jcif;wdkU

csKyfukef\? þqdkcJhonfhtwdkif; csrf;omvnf;rzuf twåaumifvnf; r[kwfaom þqif;&J
tpkoufoufom csKyfjcif;jzpfayonf? &[ef;wdkU þqif;&Jtpkoufouf\ csKyfjcif;udk 'ku©eda&m"
t&d,opöm (edAÁmef) [k qdktyf\/}}
xdkUaMumifh cE¨mig;yg;udk edAÁmef[kqdkaom OD;Ouú|pum;onf ½dk;om;pGm bmoma&;udk
vdkufpm;olrsm;tm; tEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;vSaom tjrifrSm;apaom rdpäm0g'omjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/
60/ edAÁmefcsrf;omudk udk,fcsrf;om pdwfcsrf;om[k ajymaom(p)trSwfjypum;&yfudk pdppfcsuf-
(1) um,duokc[lonf ukov0dyguf um,0dnmPfpdwfü ,SOfaom a0'em apwoduf
jzpfonf/
(2) apwodu okc[lonf aomreóo[*kwfpdwf (62)yg;ü ,SOfaom
a0'emapwodufjzpfonf/
xdkum,duokc apwoduokconf ocFww&m;jzpf\? edAÁmefum; tocFww&m; jzpf\/
,if;tocFwedAÁmefudk ocFwjzpfaom okc 2-rsdK;ü tusKH;0if\[k qdkjcif;onfum; rnfrQvGJrSm;aeaMumif;
qdkzG,f&myif r½SdawmhNyD? OD;Ouú|onf edAÁmefcsrf;om[lí oD;jcm;r½Sd? edAÁmefcsrf;omqdkwm um,duokc-
udk,fcsrf;omç apwoduokc-pdwfcsrf;omyJ[k bk&m;½SiftvdkESifhqefUusifNyD; tb,faMumifh ajymovJ?
OD;Ouú| bmvkyfaeonfudk rsufajc rjywfvQif tajzrSef&ayvdrfhrnf? OD;Ouú|onf pçoçCçZçu [laom
yom'ig;yg; ½kyf0g'udk qkyfudkifxm;NyD; vlaovljzpf0g'udk wDxGifaeolyDyD bk&m;½Sif\ w&m;awmfrsm;udk
vlaovljzpf ESifhukdufatmif vkyfaejcif;jzpfayonf? rSef\- ½kyfemrfwdkU\ csKyfqHk;&medAÁmef[k trSeftwdkif;
vufcHaeygu ol\½kyf0g'tajccHESifh qefUusifaeonfhtjyif vlaovljzpf t½kyfxk&müvnf;
taESmifht,Suf twm;tqD;BuD; jzpfaevdrfhrnf? xdkUaMumifh ol\tajccH½kyf0g'ESifhvnf;aumif;
vlaovljzpf pdwful;,OfESifhvnf;aumif; udkufoGm;atmif bk&m;a[m w&m;awmfrsm;udk ajymif;wd
ajymif;jyef uarmufur ajyma[ma&;om;aejcif;jzpfaMumif; OD;Ouú|wdkU\ tlrtxd jrifatmif
MunfhMu&ayrnf jzpfayonf/
61/ (q) ]]yx0Dç tmaygç awaZmç 0ga,m qdkwhJ "mwfBuD;av;rsdK;um; / y/ edpö=jrJwJh
oabmudkvnf;aumif;? "l0=cdkifwJhoabmudkvnf;aumif;? oów=wpfrsdK;wnf;wnfwJh
oabmudkvnf;aumif;? t0demoD=rysufpD;wJhoabmudkvnf;aumif;? oAÁAsmyD=tvHk;pHkysHUESHUí
wnfwJhoabmudkvnf;aumif; aqmifMuukef\}} [laom OD;Ouú|\t,lonfvnf; bk&m;½Sif\0g'ESifh
ajzmifhajzmifhqefUusifavonf? bk&m;½Sifonf twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef ½kyf[lorQ tNrJr½SdyHkukd ]]½lyH
bdu©a0 tedpöH twDwmem*wH? aum ye 0ga'g ypöKyÜEéó}} ponfjzifh a[mawmfrlcJhayonf/
( cE¨0*¾oH,kwf-17 )

tpodkU
t"dyÜm,frSm- ]]&[ef;wdkU twdwf tem*wf ½kyfonfrNrJ/ ypöKyÜef½kyf\ rNrJjcif;üum;

qdkzG,f&myifr½Sd? &[ef;wdkU þodkU½Ijrifaom okw½Sdaom t&d,mwynfhonf twdwf½kyfü
iJhuGufjcif;uif;\? tem*wf½kyfü rESpfouf? ypöKyÜef½kyfü NiD;aiGUjcif;ç wufrufrIuif;jcif;ç
csKyfjcif;iSmusifh\}} [lvdk? tewåvu©Pokwfüvnf; xdkenf;wlyifa[m\/
þodkU oHk;avmuxGwfxm; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkifu ]]½kyfrSeforQrNrJ}} [k a[mawmfrlvsuf
yx0Dç tmaygç awaZmç 0ga,m [laom "mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkUum; edpö "k0 oów= t0D emoD[k,laom
OD;Ouú|wdkU\0g'onf jrwfpGmbk&m;0g'awmfESifh ajzmifhajzmifhqefUusifaom rdpäm0g' t"r®ppfppfjzpfí
bk&m;½SifyGifhawmfrrlrDuyif ay:aygufaeMuonfh emrnfausmf wdw¬dBuD;rsm;jzpfMuaom yl&Puóy
tZdwauourÁvESifh yuk"upöm,ewdkU0g'ü yg0ifaom t,l0g'om jzpfayonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / þt,lonf tewåvu©PokwfESifh qefUusifaomaMumifh OD;Ouú|wdkUvlodkufu
tewåvu©Pokwfudk vufcHovdkvdk ajyma[ma&;om;Mujcif;onf vSnfhpm;vdkí toHaumif;
[pfjcif;rQomjzpfaMumif; ay:vGifayNyD/
OD;Ouú|0g'onf yl&Puóy0g'ü yg0ifyHk

62/ OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\wynfhom;rsm; wdwådBuD;rsm;ESifhwlyHkudk tenf;i,f ½Sif;jyOD;tHh -
OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ 0g'onf ]]ur®óuw vrf;pOfum; bk&m;½Sif\ 0g'r[kwf}}
ponfjzifh uHudky,faom 0g'jzpfjcif;aMumifh -
ua&mawm e u&D,wd ygyH/
ewåd wawmed'geH ygyH? ew¬d ygyó tm*arm/
ewåd wawmed'geH yknH? ew¬d yknó tm*arm ('D 1? 49) /
jrefrmjyef
raumif;rIûyolonf ûy&mra&muf? xkdowfjzwfjcif; paomtaMumif;aMumifh raumif;rI r½Sd?
raumif;rI rvma&muf? xdkay;vªjcif; paomtaMumif;aMumifh aumif;rIr½Sd? aumif;rI rvma&muf[laom
yl&Puóy0g'ü yg0ifonf/
OD;Ouú|0g'onf tZdwauo urÁv0g'ü yg0ifyHk

63/ uHudky,faom0g'onf uH\tusdK;udkvnf; y,f&ma&mufaomaMumifh ]]eyw¬d 'dEéH? ew¬d
,d|H? ew¬d [kwH? ewåd okuw'kuú#meH ur®meH zvH 0dygaum ('D 1? 51) }}/ ay;vªjcif; ]'ge} \tusdK;r½Sd?
BuD;us,faom ylaZmfrI\ tusdK;r½Sd? tenf;i,f ylaZmfrI\tusdK;r½Sd? aumif;pGm ûytyfaom ukodkvfuH
tukodkvfuHwdkU\ tusdK;&if; tusdK;zsm; r½Sd[laom wdw¬dq&mBuD; tZdwauourÁv0g'ü
OD;Ouú|0g'onf yg0ifonf/

tpodkU
bk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif oAÁñkwÓPfawmfxl;jzifhodí rsufarSmufûyum a[mMum;xm;onfh i&JESifh

ewfjA[®mavmuwdkUudk y,fxm;aom OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkU\ t,lonf -
ew¬d t,H avmaum= (wpfyg;aomavmuü wnfolUtwGuf) þavmur½Sd?
ew¬d ya&m avmaum= (þavmuü wnfolUtwGuf)wpfyg;aom avmur½Sd?
ew¬d avmau orPjAm[®Pm or®*¾wm or®my#dyEém? a, £rÍö avmuH y&Íö avmuH o,H
tbdnm opäduwGm ya0a'EÅd ('D 1?52) /
þavmu wpfyg;aomavmuudk udk,fwdkifodí rsufarSmufûyum odapEdkif a[mjyEdkifMuonfh
aumif;pGmjzpfukef rSefuefpGmusifhukefaom orPjAm[®mPwdkUqdkwm avmurSm wu,fr½SdMuyg-[laom
tZdwauo urÁv0g'ü yg0ifonf/
OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkU\ ]]½kyfomvQif y"me[laom0g'ç vlqdkwm "mwfBuD;av;yg;
omjzpfw,f? emrfqdkwm ½kyf\ t&dyfta&mifomjzpfw,f[laom0g'gç vlom; aooGm;aomtcg y-tm-
aw-0g [laom "mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkUonf tpnf;ajyum uG,foGm;MuNyD;vQif aumif;uifrSm
ajy;oGm;aeMuonf[laom0g'ç vlaovQif *EÄÁ"mwf xGufoGm;onf}} [laom 0g'rsm;onf
xdkwdw¬dq&mBuD; tZdw0g'üyif tusKH;0if\? tZdwq&mBuD;u þodkU,l\/
pmwkr[mblwdaum t,H yk&daom= owå0gqdkwm r[mbkwfav;yg; tpkta0;om jzpfonf/
(emrfw&m;onf t&dyfta&mifrQom[k qdkvdkonf/)
,'g umvH ua&mwd yx0D yx0Dum,H tEkaywd tEky*päwd/
tmayg/ awaZm/ 0ga,m 0ga,mum,H tEkaywd tEky*päwd ('D 1? 53) /
aoaomtcg udk,fwGif; tZÑwåyx0D"mwfonf jyify A[d'ÿx0D"mwftaygif;wdkU
uyfa&mufoGm;onf? tZÑwåtmayg"mwfonf A[d'¨tmayg"mwftaygif;wdkUuyfa&mufoGm;onf?
tZÑwåawaZm"mwfonf A[d'äwaZm"mwftaygif;wdkUuyfa&mufoGm;onf? tZÑwå0ga,m"mwfonf
A[d'¨0ga,m"mwftaygif;odkU uyfa&mufoGm;onf? þodkUaom tZdwauourÁv0g'ü OD;Ouú|0g'
yg0ifayonf/
wdw¬dq&mBuD; yuk"upöm,e0g'ü OD;Ouú|0g' yg0ifyHk

64/ ]]y-tm-aw-0g [laom "mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkUonf rysufrpD;EdkifbJ tNrJ½Sdaeonf edpö-
"k0-oów-t0demoD jzpfonf}} [laom OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkU\ t,l0g'onf -
]]£ar owå um,m tu#mç tu#0d"m tedr®dwm tedr®dwm 0ÍÑm yk#|m
{odu|m,d|dwm}} ('D 1? 53)
yx0Dpaom þ (7) rsdK;aom um,wdkUonf rûyjyifEdkifukef pDrHorI rûyEdkifukef rzefqif; Edkifukef?
rzefqif;apEdkifukef tûrHESifhwlukef\? awmifxG#fuJhodkU wnfukef\? jzLqHjruf\ twGif;üwnfaom

tpodkU
tqHuJhodkU wnfukef\[laom yuk"upöm,e0g'ü yg0ifonf? yuk" upöm,e0g'ü y-tm-aw-0gESifh

okc-'ku©-ZD0[k um,(7)yg;jyqdkxm;&m OD;Ouú|wdkUu a½SUav;yg;udk ,líqdkjcif;om xl;ayonf/
{upöoó0g'ü OD;Ouú|0g'yg0ifyHk
65/ OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvdkufwdkUonf BuHqí rdpämt,ludk ,lwwfaom ]]wdw¬d}} yk*¾dKvfç
pl;prf;EIdif;csdefí rdpämt,ludk ,lwwfaom ]]0DrHoD}} yk*¾dKvfrsm; jzpfMuonf? 0dwufjzifh tzefzefBuHqí
xifvmjrifvmonfhtwdkif; y-tm-aw-0g "mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkUudk edpö-"k0-oów-t0demoD jzpfonf[k
,lMuonf? xdkt,l0g'onf jA[®Zmvokwfü a[mawmfrltyfaom (62)yg;aom rdpäm'd|dwkdUwGif
{upöoów'd|dü yg0ifonf (oDvu©efygVd-23) {upö=tcsdKUç oów=NrJonf?wcsdKUomNrJí wcsdKUrNrJ[k
,laomt,ludk {upöoó'd|d[k ac:onf/
xdk{upöoów0g'onfvnf; owå0gwdkUwGif wcsdKUum;NrJ\[k ,laom oawåupö oów0g'ç
ocFg&wdkUwGif tcsdKUum; NrJ\[k,laom ocFga&upöoów0g'[lí 2-rsdK; ½Sd\? xdk 2-rsdK;wdkUwGif
OD;Ouú|wdkU\t,lonf ocFga&upöoów0g'jzpfonfudk om&w¬'DyeD#Dum Oy&dyPÖmo#Dumüvmaom
atmufygpum;&yfjzifh xif½Sm;odomEdkifayonf/
y&rmPa0g edpöm 'dGtPmum'a,m tedpömwd {0H y0wå0g'g ocFga&upöoówdum
ao,sxmyd uPm'0g'g'a,m (om&w¬#D 1?143/ y? #D 3? 232)?
y&rmPa0g? y&rmPkjrLwdkUonf/ edpöm? NrJukef\/ 'dGtPkum'a,m? ESpfckaom tPkjrL
taygif;ponfwdkUonf/ tedpömwd? rNrJukef[lí/ {0H? þodkU/ y0wå0g'g? jzpfaomt,lwdkUonf/
ocFga&upöoówdum? tcsdKUocFg&um; NrJ\[k,laom ocFga&upöoów0g' rnf\/
uPm'0g'g'a,m ao,sxmyd? uPm'*dkPf;0if yk*¾KdvfwdkU\t,l ponfwdkUuJodkUwnf;/
66/ þ0g'udk 0db*Frlv#Dumü tPk0g'[k qdk\/
]]tm'doa'é tPl[d avmaum y0wåwd? oAÁH ykaAÁuwa[wlwd {0rm'd
tum&Py&d*¾a[m '|aAÁ (rlv #D 2? 56) }}
tm'doa'é? £ó&yÜrmeumv obm0g'Dwd [laomyk'fü tm'do'´gjzifh/ tPl[d?
tPkjrLwdkUaMumifh/ avmaum? avmuonf/ y0wåwd? jzpf\/ oAÁH? tvHk;pHkaom okc'ku© [lorQonf/
ykaAÁuwa[wk? a½S;a½S;b0u ûytyfaom taMumif;aMumifh/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ £wd{0rm'd? þodkU
tp½Sdaom/ tum&P y&d*¾a[m? taMumif;r[kwfonfudk ,ljcif;udk/ '|aAÁm? rSwftyf\/
67/ þpum;&yfü tPk0g'onf urÇmavmu\ b0taMumif;onf tPkjrLom jzpfonf[k
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a½S;twdwftcgu tmumo[if;vif;jyifBuD;0,f tvGefao;i,fonfh y&rm tPkjrLuav;rsm;om
½Sdonf? þy&rm tPkjrLuav;rsm;um; yx0Dç tmaygç awaZmç 0ga,m [laom "mwfav;yg;wdkU

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tao;qHk;jrLuav;rsm; jzpfonf? b,faomtcgrQ rysufpD;bJ tNrJwnfaom "mwfav;yg;jzpfonf?

xdky&rm tPkjrLuav;rsm; onf tmumo[if;vif;jyifBuD;0,f 0ga,m"mwf\ vIyf½Sm;rIaMumifh vGifhyg;
oGm;vmae&mrS tmayg"mwf\ qGJiifrIaMumifh y&rmtPkjrLESpfckwdkU aygif;pyfavonf?
xdkjrLESpfcktaygif;udk 'dGtPku[kac:onf? xdkjrLESpfcktaygif;udk rsufpdjzifh rjrifEdkif? rSef;qíom odEdkif\?
xdk'GdtPku oHk;cktaygif;udk wdtPku (Mwo&Pk) [kac:onf? þodkU tPkjrLoHk;ckrS av;ckponf
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oówç t0demoDjzpfonf? wzef urÇmjzpf&ef tcsdefwefaomtcg xdky&rmtPkjrLwdkU wzefaygif;pyfí
'dGtPkuponf jzpfMujyefonf/
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ponfwdkUum; tedpö[kqdkaomaMumifh omoemha0g[m&tm;jzifh {upöoów0g'yif jzpfonf/
avmu\ jzpfrI ysufrI tPkjrLudk y"meûyí qdkaomaMumifh tPk0g'vnf; rnf\/
wdw¬d,meH tPkyuwdyk&dom'dwó 0g ynmyemyd t0dZÆmrme ynwåda,0 = wdw¬d wdkU\
tPkjrLç yuwdç yk&do tp½Sdonfudk ynwfjcif;onfvnf; t0dZÆmrme ynwfomwnf;/
avmu jzpfrIysufrIü tPkjrL[laom taMumif;ukd ynwfjcif;onf xif½Sm;r½Sdonfudk ynwfaom
t0dZÆmrme ynwfrQomjzpfonf[k yk*¾vynwåd t|uxm ESm-26-ü rdefUqdkonf/
þrdpäm0g'D tnwdw¬d,wdkU\ tPk0g'onf OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvdkufwdkU vufcHpGJ,l
xm;aom t,l0g'jzpfonf? þt,l0g'udk OD;Ouú|u opöm"r®twGJ trSwf 6-7-8 wdkUü vnf;aumif;
awmifwGif;BuD;ae½Sife,f t½SifZ0e u ]]edAÁmef qdk'g}}trnf½Sd pmapmifü vnf;aumif;
awmifwGif;BuD;ae½Sife,f t½Sifa&0w u "r®tvif;a&mif twGJ-3? trSwf 4-ü vnf;aumif; twdtvif;
wifjyxm;Muonf/
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tPkjrLwdkUaMumifh avmujzpf\[k rdefUqdkonf/ uPm'0ga'g ye £ó&dpäm0aoe tPleH
oHa,m*0da,m*awm avmuó y0wåded0wåð0'wd/ uPm'0g'onfum; £ó&\ tvdk tpGrf;tm;jzifh
tPkjrLwdkUjzifh aygif;pyfjcif; uGJuGmjcif;aMumifh avmu\ jzpfjcif;ysufjcif;udk ajymqdk\/
þtPk0g'onf wuúwGef;wdkU\ t,l0g' jzpfonf[kvnf;aumif;? uPm'&aoh\
tPk0g'onfum; £ó&\ tvdkpGrf;jzifh (£ó&u apcdkif;í £ó&\ tvdkus)jA[®mu zefqif;í
tPkjrLwdkUaygif;pyfjcif; uGJuGmjcif;aMumifh avmuBuD; jzpfjcif;ysufjcif;udk ajymqdkaom
0g'jzpfonf[kvnf;aumif; (tEk#Dum 2? 65) ü rdefUqdkonf/

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70/ uPm'&aoh\ 0g'ü zefqif;½Sifygí y-tm-aw-0gwdkU wjcm;pDjzpfjcif;? OD;Ouú| 0g'ü

zefqif;½SifrygbJ y-tm-aw-0gwdkU wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;aMumifh OD;Ouú|wdkU todkif; t0dkif;u
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OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvdkufrsm;onf jyefvnfjyifqifa&;orm;rsm; jzpfjcif;aMumifh Ak'¨0g'udkvnf;
jyifqif? uPm'&aoh\ tPk0g'udkvnf; jyifqifum ]]Ouú| {upöoów tPk0g'}} udk wDxGif,lq
xm;MuonfrSmum; rnfodkUrQjiif;uG,fí r&Edkifacs? qdkcJhNyD;aom pum;pOft& jyefícsKyfMunfhaomf
OD;Ouú|ESifh ocifjrwfqdkif or®m'd|d okawoD qdkolwdkUonf bk&m;½Sifvufxufu emrnfausmfMum;
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usrf;*efESifh ñdSvdkufaomtcg xif;ueJ tuGif;om; t½Sif;om; jynfolwdkU odjrifEdkifMuayNyD/
71/ OD;Ouú|\ wynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqdkif\ Ak'¨0dyóem 2-ESm-196-197-ü
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bk&m;½Sifa[mawmfrlonfudk (C)trSwfjy pdppfcsufü jycJhNyD;jzpfonf/
72/ (Z) trSwfjy pum;&yfü aumufEkwfcsufudkxkwfaomf ½kyfemrfcE¨monf ynwfw&m;
jzpfonf? ,if; ½kyfemrfcE¨mudk ½IrSwfqifjcif yGm;rsm;jcif;jzifh vrf;qHk;odkU ra&mufEdkif[k qdkvdkonf/
oHk;oyfcsuf
]]tedpöH 'ku©H tewåm cE¨m "mwka,m tm,wemed owdy|mem or®yÜ"memwdtm'dum
y&rwåuxm emr}}

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tedpöç 'ku©ç tewåç cE¨mç "mwfç tm,weç owdy|mefç or®yÜ"mef tp½Sdaom a'oemonf
y&rw¬uxm rnf\[k uxm0w¬K t|uxm ESm-139ü rdefUqdkxm;aomaMumifh ]]½kyf emrf cE¨monf
ynwfw&m;jzpfonf}} [laomt,lonf a'oemawmfESifh ajzmifhajzmifh qefUusifaom t,lomjzpfonf/
73/ ]],if;½kyfemrfcE¨mudk ½IrSwfqifjcifyGm;rsm;jcif;jzifh vrf;qHk;odkU ra&mufEdkif}} [laom
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vrf;qHk;jzpfaom t&[wåzdkvf odkUra&mufEdkif}} [k qdkvdkonf/
oHk;oyfcsuf
xdkpum;&yfonf pk'dwuwdkUvufcHygonf ,HkMunfygonfqdkaom tewåvu©Pokwfawmfudkyif
wdkuf½dkufy,f½Sm;aom pum;&yfjzpfayonf? rSefvS\- cE¨0*¾oH,kwf tewåvu©Pokwf ESm-56-ü ½kyfç
a0'emç onmç ocFg&ç 0dnmPf [laom cE¨mig;yg;wdkUudk 0dyóemÓPfjzifh ½IrSwfqifjcifyGm;rsm;&rnf[k
oAÁñkjrwfpGmbk&m; a[m Mum;awmfrlcJhayonf/
]]wo®m wd[ bdu©a0 ,H udÍö ½lyH /y/ ,mumpd a0'em /y/ ,mumpd onm /y/
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or®yÜnm, '|AÁH}}
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0dyóemynmjzifh ½I&rnf[k a[mawmfrl\/
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aomwmyef jzpfEdkifonf? aomwmyefonf Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;wdkUudk tedpö'ku©paomtm;jzifh
ESvHk;oGif;½IrSwfvQif ou'g*grfjzpfEdkifonf? xdktwl ou'g*grfu tem*grfç tem*grfu
&[EÅmjzpfEdkifonf? &[EÅmonf Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;wdkUudk tedpö 'ku©paomtm;jzifh ESvHk;oGif;½IrSwfvQif
rsufarSmufb0ü csrf;ompGm ae&jcif;tusdK;ç owdorÜZOftusdK;&Sd\[k t½Sifom&dykwå&max&fu
t½Sifr[maum|dutm; a[mjyawmfrlcJhonf/
xdkUaMumifh ocifjrwfqdkifpaom pk'dwuwdkU\t,lonf azmfjyyg ygVdawmfrsm;ESifh
ajzmifhajzmifhqefUusifaom t,ljzpfonf? Ak'¨\ tewåvu©Pmw&m;udk vufcHygonf[k wae&müajympOf
aemufwae&mü tewåvu©Pm w&m;ESifh qefUusifbuf ajymjyefonf? þodkU uarmufur a½SUaemuf
rnD ,lyHkrsdK;udk &nf&G,fí ]]rdpäm t,l&SdolwdkU\ tjrifonf xdkdxdk þþ tvDvDajymif;vJwwf\? zGJyHkü
pdkufxm;aom opfikwfESifh wlonf}} [k t|uxmq&m rdefUrSmawmf rlcJhjcif; jzpfavonf/

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75/ (ps) ]]aqmif,lESvHk;oGif;&rnfh opömum; tb,fenf; eda&m"ESifh r*¾opömwdkUjzpfonf}}

[laom pum;onfvnf; bk&m;a[ma'oemudk rsufuG,fûyí xifrdxif&m a&;om;onfhpum;&yfom
jzpfonff? rSefvS\- jyqdkcJhNyD;aom tewåvu©Pokwfç oDv0EÅokwfç okw0EÅokwfwdkUü
oAÁñkbk&m;½SifESifh vufsmawmf&Hynm{w'*f& om0uBuD;wdkUu ½kyfç a0'emç onmç ocFg&ç
0dnmPf[laom Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;udk ESvHk;oGif;&rnf[k a[mawmfrlxm;Muygvsuf eda&m"ESifh
r*¾opömwdkUudk aqmif,lESvHk;oGif;&rnf[k uarmufur qdkjcif;onf Ak'¨bmomwdkUtwGif;
tjrif½Iyfukefatmif omoemawmfudk zsufqD;vdkaom &nf½G,fcsufjzifh a&;om;jcif;rSwyg; tjcm;taMumif;
r½SdEdkifacs/
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]]'kau© ÓP}} EÅdtm'dem pwkopöur®|meH 'ódwH? ww¬ yk&drmed a'G opömed 0¥H? ypädrmed
0d0¥H? awok bdu©Kaem 0a¥ ur®|membdeda0aom a[mwd? 0d0a¥ ew¬d tbdeda0aom-
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jrwfpGmbk&m; jyawmfrlonf? xdkav;yg;aom opömwdkUwGif 'ku©ç ork',[laom a½SUopömESpfyg;wdkUonf
0#fw&m;jzpfonf? eda&m"ç r*¾[laom aemufopömESpfyg;wdkUonf 0#frSuif;aom w&m;jzpfonf? xdk0¥
0d0¥ opömESpfrsdK;wdkUwGif 0¥jzpfaom 'ku© opöm ork',opömü &[ef;\ ur®|mef;udk ESvHk;oGif;jcif;
jzpfEdkifonf? 0d0¥jzpfaom eda&m"opömç r*¾opömü ur®|mef;udk ESvHk;oGif;jcif; r½SdEdkif[k qdkvdkayonf/
xdkUaMumifh ]]aqmif,lESvHk;oGif;&rnfh opömum; eda&m"ESifh r*¾opömwdkU jzpfonf}} [laom
t,lonf trSefw&m;udk ausmay;xm;aom t"r®0g'om jzpfaMumif; owdcsyftyfayonf/
orxbm0emESifh owdy|mefudk y,f½Sm;jcif;

77/ Ak'¨tbd"r®m jyefUyGm;a&;tzGJUcsKyfrS xkwfa0aom "r®tvif;a&mif pmapmiftwGJ-2? trSwf-
5? pmrsufESm 3-ü em,uBuD; tbd"r®mq&mpdef qdkolu ol\aqmif;yg;wyk'fvHk;jzifh bk&m;a[m
orxbm0em ESifh owdy|mef a'oemawmfrsm;udk ykwfcwf y,f½Sm;xm;avonf? aqmif;yg;rSm ½Snfvsm;í
tjynfhtpHk razmfjyomacs? tenf;i,f rQom azmfjyvdkayonf/
uREfkyfwdkU jrefrmAk'¨bmomwdkif;vdkvdk yg;pyfzsm;wGif a&yef;pm;NyD; ajymqdkûyvkyf tm;xkwfaeMuwJh
bm0emrsm;onf jrefrmjynf Ak'¨bmom pmayusrf;*efrsm;wGif jyñTefxm;wJh bm0emav;q,f (0g)
ur®|mef; av;q,f tp½Sdonfrsm; jzpfMuayonf/y/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkxdk vrf;pOfrsm;udk
Ak'¨½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhwJh bm0emvrf;pOfrsm; jzpfonf[k ,HkMunfpGJ,laejcif;aMumifh
jzpfayonf/ (ESm 3-4)
,aeU Ak'¨bmomvlom;wdkUonf /y/ ylrI at;rI awmifhwif;udkufcJrIrsm;udk vnf;aumif; /y/
oGm;onf &yfonf xdkifonfudk vnf;aumif; tJ'gvdk tjrJrjywfowdcsyfNyD; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf ½IrSwfNyD;

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ûyvkyfaewJh bm0em tvkyfrsm;udk Ak'¨½SifxkwfazmfNyD; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhjcif; r[kwfzl;vm;vdkU

ar;rnfqdkygu ar;p&m oifhvSayonf? tJ 'Dtar;udk ½Sif;½Sif;ESifhbGif;bGif; ajzMum;&aomf Ak'¨½Sif ra[mwJh
bm0emrsm;om jzpfayonf/ (ESm-4)
þpum;&yfwdkUjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlcJhaom orxur®|mef; rsm;udkvnf;aumif;-
*päaEÅm 0g *pämrDwd yZmemwd/ Xdawm 0gXdawmrSSDwd yZmemwd? edodaEém 0g edodaEémrSDwd?
'ku©H 0g a0'eH a0',rmaem 'ku©H a0'eH a0',mrDwd yZmemwd/
Tp½Sdaom owdy|mefa'oemawmfudkvnfaumif; y,f½Sm;xm;avonf/
OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkU\ azmfjyyg a&;om;csufwdkUudk awGUjrif&jcif;aMumifhom
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u trSefudk apm'emjcif; jzpf&um; OD;Ouú|tm; tMunfñdkysufatmif
a&;om;apm'emMuonf[k rqdkoifhacs? wenf;qdk&aomf þodkU pdppfjyojzifh ½kyf0g'Djzpfaom
awmifwGif;BuD; OD;OuúX\0g'onf bk&m;a[myd#uoHk;yHkESifhvnf; vHk;0 qefUusif obm0,kwådvnf;r½Sd
jzpfvnf;rjzpfEdkifrSef; ydkíod½SdcGifh&NyD; Munfñdkcsifolrsm;u wdk;í MunfñdkMu&atmif apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u
vrf;pzGifhay;onf[kyif qdkEdkifayonf/
78/ aom"empmydk'f (26)rS vdk&if;udk xkwfEkwfaomf-
(u) ax&0g'ü orx0dyóemw&m;rsm; yg0ifvsuf½Sdonf qdkaomtcsufudk
tjiif;ryGm;vdkaMumif;?
(c) wynfhawmfrsm; vufcHusifhoHk;aeaom orx0dyóemonf "r®puúy0wåeç
tewåvu©Pokwfawmfrsm;ESifh nDñGwfaeygaomaMumifh "r®0g' 0dyóemomjzpfaMumif;
[lí ESpfcsufawGU&\?
oHk;oyfcsuf
79/ (u) ]]ax&0g'ü orx0dyóemrsm; yg0ifvsuf½Sdonfqdkaom tcsufudk
tjiif;ryGm;vdkyg}} [k qdkaomfvnf; tjiif;yGm;atmif y,f½Sm;ykwfcwfa&;om;tyfaom tcsufrsm;udk
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u vufqkwfvufudkif wifjyxm;NyD;jzpf&m xdktcsufrsm;udk pk'dwuwdkU
acsyjiif;qdkjcif; tvQif;rûyEdkifaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; oufaocH wifjyxm;aom
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;üvnf; Ak'¨bmodw orx0dyóemrsm;udk omoemy [dE´LjA[®PwdkU\ 0g'[k
pGyfpGJykwfcwfa&;om;csuf t&yf&yfudk xyfumxyfum awGUjrifae&aomaMumifhvnf;aumif; þ0denf;"dk&f
q&mawmfrsm; a½SUarSmuf a&mufaeaom aom"emvTmüyif xdkuJhodkUaom pum;&yfrsm; yg0ifaeaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif; OD;Ouú|ESifh or®m'd|d okawoe0g'Dpaom aemufvdkuf aemufygrsm;onf Ak'¨bmodw
orx0dyóemrsm;udk omoey [dE´LjA[®PwdkU\ 0g'[k pGyfpGJykwfcwfvsuf zsufqD;aeMuolrsm;
jzpfonfrSm odomxif½Sm;vSayonf/

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(c) ]]wynfhawmfrsm; vufcHusifhoHk;aeaom orx0dyóemonf "r®puúy0wåeç

tewåvu©Pokwfawmfrsm;ESifh nDñGwfaeygaomaMumifh "r®0g'0dyóemjzpfygonf}} [k qdkaomfvnf;
þ0dedpä,pmwrf; oHk;oyfcsufü xkwfjycJhNyD;aom "r®puúy0wåeokwfç tewåvu©Pokwfawmfrsm;ESifh
qefUusifa&;om;csufrsm;udk awGUjrif&aomaMumifhvnf;aumif; tajccH oHk;oyf yGm;rsm;yHkrSpí
vGJrSm;ae&um; aom"emvTmyg tcsufrsm;onf pum;jzpf½HkrQ wifjyjcif;jzpfaomfaMumifhvnf;aumif;
pk'dwuwdkU wifjycsufonf "r®puúy0wåeç tewåvu©P okwfawmfrsm;ESifh nDñGwfonf[k rqdkEdkifay/
]]'d|d*wduó 'óeH emr e edA'¨H? xko&modrSd edcgwcgPk0d, pÍövH? Or®wåuypäd,H
yl0c@*l- xa*gr,m'Ded 0d, apw¬ okE´&rÜd tokE´&rÜd a[mwda,0}} -
[laom oDvu©eft|uxmü vmaompum;&yfESifhtnD rdpämt,l ½Sdaomol\ tjrifrnfonf
cdkifjrJrIr½Sd? zGJyHkay:ü pdkufxm;aom opfikwfuJhodkU vIyf&Sm;\? t½l;\ awmif;xJü rkefYyJ oGm;a&pmç rpifç
EGm;acs; a&maxG;pkaygif; aumif;raumif; tpHkygouJhodkU þrdpämt,lüvnf; wcgw&H
aumif;aomt&mrsm;vnf; tenf;i,fyg½Sdí raumif;aomt&mwdkUom rsm;pGmyg½Sdavonf/
xdkUaMumifh-
]]{wó 0ga' udÍö omoemEkavmrrÜd tw¬d? tok'¨v'¨dwm, ye oAÁmyd 'd|da,0
Zmwm}}
{wó? þ ed*P²em#ykwå\/ 0ga'? t,lü/ udÍö? tcsdKUaom/ omoemEk avmrrÜd?
omoemawmftm; avsmfaomt,lonfvnf;/ tw¬d? ½Sdygay\/ ye? xdkodkUyif omoemtm;avsmfaom t,l
½Sdygaomfvnf;/ tok'¨v'¨dwm,? rpifMu,faomt,l\ tjzpfaMumifh/ oAÁm? tvHk;pHkaom t,lwdkUonf/
'd|da,0? rdpämt,lwdkU csnf;omvQif/ Zmwm? jzpf&ukefNyD;- [laom oDvu©eft|uxmü vmaom
pum;&yfESifhtnD omoemEkavmrpum; tenf;i,frQygaomfvnf; rpifMu,faom t,ljzpf&um;
rdpämt,lomjzpfonf/
tb,fhaMumifh rdpä0g'omjzpf&oenf;qdkaomf OD;Ouú|ESifh wynfhBuD; ocifjrwfqdkif
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf em,utrIaqmif tzGJU0ifwdkUonf p.o.C.Z.u - [laom yom'½kyfig;yg;
½kyfw&m;udkom trSefw&m;tjzpf qkyfudkifxm;Muaom ½kyf0g'Drsm;jzpfMuygvsuf Ak'¨bmom trnfcHum
Ak'¨bmomxJ0ifNyD; uarmufurjzpfatmif twGif;u 0ifzsufaeMuolrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh olwdkU\
½kyf0g'tjrifjzifh ajyma[ma&;om;csufrsm;onf b,fyd#u pmayESifhrQ rnDñGwfyJ jzpfaeayonf?
pmESifhrnD½HkrQru ,kwådvnf;r½Sd? uav;uvm;vnf; EkdifvSonf? olwdkUuvnf; yd#upmayESifh
yd#uusrf;wwfyk*¾dKvfwdkUudk tvGefaMumufMuavonf? xdkUaMumifh bk&m;a[m yd#uawmfrlrSefrsm;udk
jAm[®P0g'[k jynfolvlxk txiftjrifrSm;atmif r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuHa&;om;ajyma[mMuavonf/

tpodkU
80/ þodkU pdppfoHk;oyf jyqdktyfNyD;aom taMumif;wdkUaMumifh OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\

aemufvdkufrsm;onf Ak'¨bmodw orx0dyóemrsm;udk omoemy [dE´LjAm[®PwdkU\0g'[k r[kwfrrSef
vkyfMuHpGyfpGJolrsm;jzpfaomaMumifh Ak'ömoemawmfudk tpDtpOfusus rlcsí zsufqD;aeMuaom
omoeypöw¬du(omoemh&efol)rsm;om jzpfMuonf? xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ azmfjyyg a&;om;
a[majymcsufrsm;onf t"r®0g'omjzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkUu wnDwñGwfwnf;

tpodkU

apm'em trSwf (9)
0denf;w&m;udk ypfy,fjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä,
omoemawmf\wHcGef omoemawmf\ ta&ta&mifjzpfaom t&[wå"Z ouFef;udk 0wfqifí
omoemawmf\ toufjzpfaom 0denf;w&m;awmfudkum; vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;ypfy,fum
rodem;rvnfolwdkUtm; vSnfhjzm;vdrfnm q&mwql vkyfaejcif;ESifh ywfoufí wifoGif;aom
apm'uwdkU\ apm'em? ,if;udkjyefvnfacsyaom aom"emrsm;udk ûcHiHkoHk;oyfí trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&f
q&mawmfrsm;u atmufygtwdkif; tqHk;tjzwf ay;tyf ayonf/
(1) apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ omrnapm'emü-
(u) vlaovljzpf0g'udk zefwD;aom OD;Ouú|ESifh vlaovljzpf pmtkyfudk ½dkufESdyfxkwfa0aom
OD;0go0wdkUonf bk&m;omoemawmfwGif; aexdkifí ouFef;0wfxm;Muaomfvnf;
rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif 0denf;odu©myk'fudk rapmifhpnf;½HkrQru ¤if;wdkUESifh qE´wl0g'wl
yk*¾dKvfrsm;udkyg tazmfn§dí 0denf;w&m;udk Oayu©mûy vspfvsL½IapcJhMuygonf t&dyfcdkNyD;
tcufcsdK;aom tvGefaMumufzG,faumif;aom tvZÆD 'kóDvrsm; jzpfMuygonf[lí
vnf;aumif;?
(c) 0denf;usifh0wfudk tvQif;*½krpdkufaom OD;Ouú|\ a&;om;csufrsm;teuf
]Ak'¨rSwfausmuf} pmtkyf pmrsufESm 175-rS xkwfEIwfí-
]],aeU bdu©KoHCmqdkwJh *dkPf;aygif;pHk bkef;BuD;awG vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuwJh 0denf;udk
riJhrn§myJ avhvm oHk;oyfMunfhvdkufvQif Oyg'gefwvHk; wcJBuD; jzpf½Sdaewmudk
awGU&jyefw,f}}-
[laom pmydk'fudk aumufEkwfazmfjyum þodkUa&;om;jcif;jzifh bk&m;ocif\ tmPma'oemawmfjzpfaom
0denf;w&m;udk Oyg'gefjzifh udkifaygufjcif; oabmrSm aygavmBuD;ay:vsuf ½Sdygonf? þa&;om;csufonf
Ak'ömoemawmf\ toufozG,fjzpfaom 0denf;w&m;awmfudk y,f&ma&mufí t0de,0g'om
jzpfygaMumif; [lívnf;aumif;
2/ 0daooapm'emü-
(u) 0denf;onf omoemawmf\ toufrnfaMumif;?
(c) 0denf;odu©myk'fudk uJh&JUvQif ygpdwftmywfoifhaMumif;?
(*) 0denf;w&m;awmfonf tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmeftxd tusdK;ûyaMumif;?
(C) oHCok|K(oHCmawmf\ aumif;vSygNyD[lí 0efcHjcif;) paom tusdK;-10yg;udk tpGJûyí
0denf;odu©myk'fudk ynwfawmfrlaMumif;?

tpodkU
(i) y&dedAÁmefpH&m anmifapmif; avsmif;awmfrl&mtcgüyif ‘]]0denf;w&m;udk av;pm;MuzdkY}}

Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaMumif;?
(p) oH*g,em 6-wefwif 0denf;w&m;awmfü jznfhpGuf&ef Ekwfy,f&ef r½SdaMumif;?
(q) odu©myk'fESifhpyfí ,lqqHk;jzwf&mü tav;ESifhtayghwGif tav;wGifom
wnf&rnfjzpfaMumif;?
(Z) 0denf; wpdwfwa'oudkjzpfap tm;vHk;udkjzpfap rvdkufemyJ ypfy,fvQif omoemtouf
xGufatmif vkyfjcif;yif jzpfaMumif;/
þtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh 0denf;y,fç 0denf;jzwf vkyf&yfonf omoemawmf oefU½Sif; wnfwHh
jyefUyGm;a&;twGuf tEÅ&m,f BuD;rm;vSygojzifh t"r® t0de,vkyf&yf jzpfygaMumif;
avQmufxm;oGm;Muavonf/
3/ pk'dwubufrS ocifjrwfqdkifu vnf;aumif; or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU Ouú|u
vnf;aumif; aom"em ûyMuonf? xdkwGif pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifu taMumif; tcsuf9-csufjzifh
ajz&Sif;&mwGif-
(u) OD;Ouú|wGif 0denf;awmfudk ypfy,fjcif;oabmr½SdaMumif;?
(c) OD;Ouú|onf omoemta&udkûcHum rodem;rvnfolwdkUudk vdrfnm vSnfhpm;jcif;
rûyaMumif;?
(*) rlrrSefaom &[ef;tcsdKU\ usifhMuHaexdkifyHkudkom jyjcif;jzpfaMumif;?
(C) OD;Ouú|onf temrmo0w¬K a½TaiGudk rcH,laMumif;?
(i) OD;Ouú|onf ausmif;uefwefaqmif;rsm;udk a&pufcsí udk,fydkif tvªrcHaMumif;?
þtcsuf 5-csufom apm'emudk aom"em&m a&mufí useftcsufrsm; teuf-
(p) OD;Ouú|ü pdwfqdk;jcif; rmefwufjcif; rawGU&aMumif;?
(q) OD;uú|onf i&JESifh ajcmufí ewfbHkESifh ajr§mufjcif;udk rûyaMumif;?
(Z) OD;Ouú|onf rnfonfh*dkPf;wGifrQ ryg0ifaMumif;?
þtcsuf 3-csufum; apm'emudk aom"emjcif;r[kwfyJ rqDrqdkifaom tcsufjzifh rdrdq&mudk
*kPfwifjyjcif;om jzpfayonf/
(ps) OD;Ouú|onf rnfonfhtcgrQ ouFef; r½Hk vufuawmhjcifhom ûcHaMumif;-
þtcsufum; apm'uwdkU\ apm'emudktm;jznfhay;jcif; 0efcHjcif;om jzpfayonf/
4/ or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJU0ifwdkU\ aom"emûy&mwGif OD;Ouú|\ 0de,*½kujzpfaMumif;udk-
(u) wynfh&if; 'g,um&if;udkyif pwifí EIwfqufavhr½SdaMumif;?
(c) rnfolYxHrS rnfonfhypönf;udkrQ tvªrcHaMumif;?
(*) tvªcHw&m;udk wBudrfwcgrQ ra[mzl;aMumif;-

tpodkU
tcsuf 3-csufjzifh umuG,fí ]Ak'¨rSwfausmuf} ESm-175 tqdkjzpfaom ]],aeU bdu©KoHCmqdkwJh

*dkPf;aygif;pHk bkef;awmfBuD;awG vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuwJh 0denf;udk riJhrnSm avhvmoHk;MunfhvdkufvQif
Oyg'gefwvHk;wcJBuD; jzpfaewm awGU&jyefw,f}} [laom pmydk'fudk OD;Ouú|\ tvdk tmabmfus-
(C) 0denf;wckudkom tav;xm;vGef;vQif Oyg'gefuyfNidwwfonfudk &nf½G,fívnf;aumif;?
(i) 0denf;wckudkom tav;xm;vGef;í oHo,pdwfyGm;um Oyg'gefjzpfvmvQif usifhoHk;&rnfh
tjcm;&[ef;w&m;rsm; avsmhyg;oGm;Edkifonfudk &nf½G,fí vnf;aumif;?
(p) tusOf;tm;jzifh 227-oG,faom odu©myk'fwdkUonf tus,fyGm;vQif uka#-7
axmifausmf½Sdonfqdkaom tqdktrdefUrsdK;onf oHo,ESifh Oyg'gefudk jzpfapwwfonfudk
&nf½G,fí vnf;aumif;?
(q) pu©Kygvrax&f0w¬Kudk oufaowifí usL;vGefvdkom apwemr½SdvQif rnfonfhjypfcsuf
tmywfrQ roifha&mufEkdifonfudk &nf½G,fí vnf;aumif;-
OD;Ouú| a&;om;cJhaMumif; a½SUaevdkuf ajz½Sif;xm;Muayonf/
oHk;oyfcsuf
5/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUwifjyxm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;teuf ]0denf;onf omoemawmf\
touf}[laom tcsufonf t½SifOygvdpaom bk&m;vufxufawmfu ax&fBuD;rsm;rSpí o*F[t|uxm
usrf;ûy t½Sifr[mAk'äCmowdkU acwfwdkifatmif tpOftqufajymqdkvmMuaom q&mpOfquf
rSwfwrf;wifvmMuonfh wdkwdkESifh 0de,omoemawmfBuD; wckvHk;udk odrf;usHK;í *kPfûyxm;aom
pum;vHk;ESifh pyfonfhtcsufjzpfí tvGefta&;BuD;aom tcsufjzpfonf? tenf;i,fxif½Sm;aptHh-
6/ Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf jA[®p&d, jrwfaomtusifh[k qdktyfaom omoemawmfBuD;
wnfaxmifawmf rlaomtcg 0dyóD odcD a0óbl [laom bk&m;oHk;qlwdkU\ omoemawmf
Mum½Snfrwnfjcif;taMumif;udkvnf;aumif; uukoefç aumP*krfç uóy [laom bk&m; 3-qlwdkU\
omoemawmf Mum½Snfwnfjcif;\ taMumif;udk vnf;aumif; qifjcifawmfrlonf/
7/ qifjcifawmfrlaomftcg 0dyóDç odcDç a0óbl bk&m;oHk;qlwdkUonf om0uwdkUtm;
tus,fw&m; a[mawmfrrlcJhMu? om0uwdkUtwGuf odu©myk'fudk ynwfawmfrrlcJhMu? tmPmygwdarmufudk
jyawmfrrlcJhMuacs? xdk bk&m;½SifwdkUESifh rsufarSmufwynfhBuD;rsm; vGefawmfrlaomtcg trnftEG,ftrsdK;rsdK;ç
trsdK;ZmwftaxGaxG ½SdMuaom wynfhwdkUonf xdkomoemudk vsifjrefpGm uG,fyapMuukef\? êud;jzifh
roDyJ ysOfcsyfay:ü wifxm;tyfaom yef;yGifhwdkUudk tvG,fwul avo,f,lum ypfvTifhvdkufouJhodkU
xdkomoemonfvnf; tvG,fwul a<uvGifhjcif;odkU a&muf&ayonf/

tpodkU
8/ uukoefç aumPm*krfç uóy bk&m; 3-qlwdkUonfum; om0uwdkUtm; tus,fw&m;

a[mawmfrlcJhMuonf? om0uwdkUtwGuf odu©myk'fynwfawmf rlcJhMuonf? tmPmygwdarmufudk
jyawmfrlcJhMuonf? xdkUaMumifh bk&m;½SifwdkUESifh rsufarSmufwynfhBuD;rsm; uG,fvGefaomfvnf;
omoemawmfudk trnftEG,ftrsdK;rsdK; trsdK;Zmwf taxGaxG½SdMuaom wynfhwdkUonf vsifjrefpGm
ruG,fyapEdkifukef? yef;oDwHç yef;oDêud;jzifh uHk;oDxm;tyfaom yef;yGifhwdkUonf avvTifhaomfvnf;
rvTifhukefouJhodkU xdkomoemonfvnf; vG,fvG,fESifh a<uvTifhjcif;odkU ra&mufay/ (0de,yd#u
a0&ÍÆu@ygVdawmf ESm? 8-10)
9/ þodkU qifjcifawmfrlí temray:rD aq;rwifao;yJ temay:rS aq;azsmfpyfaom
aq;orm;uJhodkU taMumif;ray:rD odu©myk'fudk êudí ynwfawmfrrlyJ taMumif;ay:aomtcg
rlvynwfac: tajccHOya'ç tEkynwfac:jyifqifcsuf Oya'ç oAÁw¬ynwfac: a'ora½G;
vdkufem&rnfhOya'ç ya'oynwfac: a'oEÅ&Oya' ponfrsm;udk tuGufaphaph ynwfawmfrlcJhayonf/
10/ ,if;odkU ynwfawmfrltyfaom odu©myk'fwnf;[laom 0denf;w&m;awmfonf-
(u) o'¨r®|dwd,m a[mwd? olawmfaumif;w&m; t½SnfwnfwhH jcif;iSm jzpfay\?
o'¨r®oHk;jzmwdkUwGif y&d,wådo'¨r®= pmayoifMum;jcif;ç y#dywådo'¨r®= "kwifç cEü0wfç
toDwdcEü0wfç oDv orm"d 0dyóem? y#da0"o'¨r®= r*fzdkvfedAÁmef þo'¨r® 3yg;
wnfwhH cdkifjrJjcif;iSm tusdK;ûyayonf?
(c) 0de,mEk*¾[m, a[mwd? 0denf;w&m;tm; csD;ajr§muf&ef tvdkUiSmjzpf\?
oH0&0denf;=apmifhpnf;jcif;ç y[me0denf;= y,fcGmjcif;ç orx0denf;= t"du½kPf;
rIcif;rsm;udk Nidrf;apjcif;ç ynwåd0denf;= oHo,ukuúKpö t&mrsdK;ü odatmif½Sif;jyjcif;-
þ0de, 4-rsdK;udk tm;ay;csD;ajr§mufjcif;iSm tusdK;ûyayonf/
þtusdK; 2-yg; wnfaeorQ omoemawmf wnfwHhrnf jzpfaomaMumifh 0dea,m emr omoeó
tm,k (0denf;onf omoemawmf\ touf) [k qdkjcif; jzpfayonf/
11/ xdk0denf;w&m;awmfonf þ,ck qdkcJhNyD;onfhtwdkif;ç omoemawmf\ toufjzpfonf?
touf (½Snfjcif;) [lonf tusdK;w&m;ç 0denf;w&m;udk (apmifhpnf;jcif;)onf taMumif;w&m;jzpfonf?
wzef omoemtouf½Snfjcif;onf taMumif;w&m;jzpfayonf? toufESifhwlaom o'¨r®oHk;jzm omoem
wnf½Sdjcif;aMumifh &tyfaom apmifhpnf;jcif;(oH0&)ç pdwfESvHk; Munfvif½Tifvef;jcif; (t0dyÜ#dom&)ç
twefi,f 0rf;ajrmufjcif;(ygarmZÆ)ç tvGef tuJ 0rf;ajrmufjcif; (yDwd)ç pdwfcsrf;omjcif; (okc)
wnf;[laom edóE´ tusdK;qufrsm;onf tusdK;w&m;jzpf\/
12/ wzef xdk oH0& t0dyÜ#dom& ygarmZÆ yDwd okc wdkUonf taMumif;w&m;? ,if;wdkUaMumifh
cPduorm"d Oypm&orm"d? ,if;orm"daMumifh 0dyóemÓPf wnf;[laom ,xmblwÓPf?
,if;aMumifh ½kyfemrf cE¨m oHo&mudk NiD;aiGUwwfaom edAÁd'gÓPf? ,if;udktaMumif;ûyí wPSmjzifh

tpodkU
wyfjcif;uif;aMumif;jzpfaom 0d&m*rnfaomr*f? ,if;r*faMumifh udavomwdkUrS vGwfNyD;aom t&[wåzdkvf

jzpfay:vm\? ,if;udk taMumif;ûyí t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvfudk odjrif qifjcifwwfaom
ypöa0u©PmÓPf jzpfay:vm\? ,if;ypöa0u©PmÓPfudk &NyD;aom olonf wPSm'd|dwdkUjzifh wpHkw&mudk
pGJvrf;uyfNidjcif;r½SdyJ Nidrf;at;jcif; (tEkyg'gy&dAÁmef) udk trSefrvGJ &ayawmhrnf/
odkUjzpfaomaMumifh apm'uwdkUu-
]]0dea,m oH0&w¬m,ç oH0a&m t0dyÜ#dom&w¬m,ç t0dyÜ#doma&m ygarmZÆw¬m,ç ygarmZÆH
yDww¬m,ç yDwd okcw¬m,ç okcH orm"w¬m,ç orm"d ,xmblwÓP'óew¬m,ç
,xmblwÓP'óeH edAÁd'w¬m,ç edAÁd'g 0d&m*w¬m,ç 0da&ma*g 0drkwåw¬m,ç 0drkwåd
0drkwådÓP'óew¬m,ç 0drkwådÓP'- óeH tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmew¬,}}/
[laom y&d0g plVo*Fgr ygVdawmfudk udk;um;wifjytyfaom tcsufonf tvGefcdkifvHkaom
tcsufjzpfayonf/ (0daooapm'emvTmü jrefrmjyefygNyD;)
13/ 0denf;onf omoemawmf\ toufjzpfyHkudk obm0,kwådjzifhvnf; csifhcsdef
pOf;pm;Edkifayonf? owå0gwOD;ü touf½SdaeorQ a&½SnfwnfwHhayonf? toufaoygvQif
&ufydkif;twGif;rSmyif avmuBuD;u aysmufuG,foGm;&ayonf? xdkenf;wl Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
b0aygif;rsm;pGm &if;ESD;í avmuom;wdkU tusdK;iSm wnfaxmifxm;cJhaom Ak'ömoemawmfü
0denf;usifh0wfonf toufjzpfayonf? 227-oG,faom 0denf;usifh0wfudk &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;u
wdwdyyvdkufem usifhoHk;aevQif 0denf;wnf;[laom omoem toufwnfwHhaeonf rnfayonf?
t&[w¬a"ouFef;udk qifjref;0wfqifxm;Muukefaom &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;u 0denf;usifh0wfrsm;udk
tav;teufxm;í rvdkufem rusifhoHk;MuvQif 0denf; omoemysuf,Gif;í omoemawmf\touf
aoonf rnfayonf? 0denf;omoemtoufaovQif Ak'ömoemawmfBuD;vnf; þavmurS
uG,fyoGm;rnfom jzpfavawmhonf? rSefay\- 0denf;usifh0wfomoem r½SdvQif okwåefomoemESifh
tbd"r®momoemvnf; a&½Snf wnfwHhEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfay/
14/ 'kwd,oH*g,em rwifrDu 0ZÆDwdkif;om; &[ef;rsm;onf t"r®0w¬K 11-yg;udk
usifhoHk;a[majymMujcif;jzifh 0denf;omoemawmfudk tm;enf;atmif ûycJhMuonf? þodkU 0denf;udk
tm;enf;atmif ûyvmjcif;onf omoemawmfü a&m*gqdk;BuD; zefwD;jcif;yif jzpfojzifh t½Snfudkjrifaom
&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;onf 'kwd,oH*g,emwnf;[laom xufjrufonfh aq;awmfBuD;jzifh
ukpm;cJhMu&avonf/
15/ Ak'¨jrwfpGm omoemawmfBuD;onf þrQ ESpfaygif; 2500-ausmftxd
toufwnfwHhvmcJhonfrSm 0denf;wnf;[laom omoemawmf\ toufrao&atmif trsdK;aumif;om;
trsdK;aumif;orD;rsm;u omoemawmfwGif;0ifNyD; 0denf;usifh0wfudk toufyrm wefzdk;xm;í
usifhoHk;apmifha½SmufvmcJhjcif;aMumifhom jzpfonf/

tpodkU
16/ odkUaomf vlom;wOD;onf touft½G,f BuD;&ifhvmaomtcg 96-jzm a&m*grsm;

0ifa&mufuyfNidvm ouJhodkU omoemawmfonfvnf; umvMumjrifhvmaomtcg trsdK;aumif;om;orD;
r[kwfolwdkU omoemawmfwGif; 0ifa&mufvmMuum omoemhta&ûcHvsuf ]udk,fhrSD&mudk
udk,fomzsufqD;aom rmavmEG,fyrm} ûyusifhMuavonf? 0denf;usifh0wfrsm;udk wdwdyy vdkufemMu&vQif
usOf;usyfonf? taeracsmif? tpm;racsmif? þtcsufudk Ak'¨bmomwdkif;yif odMuayonf/
17/ odkUjzpfí ouFef;0wfjzifh acsmifacsmif aecsifpm;csifolwdkUonf enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh
0denf;wnf;[laom jcHpnf;½dk;udk csdK;MuzsufMuavawmhonf? þodkU 0denf;pnf;½dk;udk csdK;zsufMuolrsm;wGif
½dk;om;olrsm;u rnfodkYrQ qifajcrwufyJ csdK;½Hkzsuf½Hkom csdK;zsufMuonf? vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú| rlum;
(olUaemufvdkufrsm;\ tqdkt&) ynm½Sdol ÓPfrsm;oljzpfonfhtavsmuf rdrd 0denf;udk csdK;zsufonfudkyif
½dk;½dk;csdK;zsuf½Hkru 0denf;udkvkdufemvQif Oyg'gefjzpfvdrfhrnf? Oyg'gefrjzpfap&ef 0denf;udk
tukefrusifhEdkif[lí vSnfhywfumuG,f y&d,m,frsm;cJhayonf? ,if;udkyif ocifjrwfqdkifpaom
aemufvdkufwynfhwdkUu t[kwfxifum qifajcay;í olUq&mudk tumtuG,fay;aeonfrSm tvGef
oHa0*jzpfzG,f&myif jzpfawmhonf/
18/ okwåefusrf;*ef;rsm;t& qufíazmfjy&aomf {um'ouuedygwf t*Fkw¬dK&f udrw¬d,okwfü
0de,udkyif ukodkvfoDv[k trnfwyfí-
]]£wd acg tmeE´m ukovmed t0dyÜ#dom&w¬med /y/ £wd acg tmeE´ ukovmed
oDvmedtEkykaAÁe t*¾g, ya&EÅd}}
[k oDvac: 0denf;\tusdK;qufwdkUudk Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf a[mrdefUawmfrlavonf/
jrefrmjyef
]]tmeE´m þodkUvQif ukodkvfoDvwdkUonf pdwfESvHk; om½Tifjcif; tusdK;½Sd pdwfESvHk;om½Tifjcif;
tmedoif½Sdukef\? pdwfESvHk;om½Tifjcif;onf Ekaom0rf;ajrmufjcif; tusdK;½Sd Ekaom0rf;ajrmufjcif;
tmedoif½Sd\ /y/ wPSmjzifh wyfjcif; uif;aMumif;jzpfaom t&[wår*f (t&[wåzdkvf)onf
t&[wåzdkvfudk odjrifqifjcifwwfaom ypöa0u©PmÓPftusdK;ç ypöa0u©PmÓPf tmedoif½Sd\? tmeE´m
þodkUvQif ukodkvfoDvwdkUonf tpOfojzifh jrwfaomtusdK;iSm jzpfukef (tusdK;ûyukef)\}}/
19/ xdkrQru rZÑdredum,f rlvyPÖo tmuacF,sokwf üvnf;-
]]&[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf oDvESifhjynfhpHkç ygwdarmu©oH0&ESifh jynfhpHkí aeMuukefavmh?
ygwdarmu©oH0&ESifh jynfhpHkMuavmh tusifhç usufpm;&m tm½HkESifh,SOfí aeMuukefavmh? tPkjrLrQ
twdkif;t½Snf½Sdaom tjypfwdkUü aMumufvefUp&mab;BuD;[k½Ií odu©myk'fwdkUwGif xdkxdkodu©myk'fudk
aqmufwnfí usifhMuukefavmh? &[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf oDwif;oHk;abmfwdkU\ cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;udkcHvdkvQif
ypönf;av;yg;udk csrf;ompGm&vdkvQif rdrdypö,'g,umwdkU tusdK;rsm;apvdkvQif oDvudk
jznfhusifhMuukefavm? tZÑwåoEÅmefü orm"dudktm;xkwfí ruif;aom psmef½Sdvsuf

tpodkU
0dyóemESifhjynfhpHkumaeMu awm&ausmif;rsm;udk wdk;yGm;apMuukefavmh /y/ &[ef;wdkU oifwdkUonf psmef

4-yg;ç 0darmu©psmef 4-yg; &vdkMuvQif aomwmyefç ou'g*grfç tem*grf jzpfvdkMuvQif £'¨d0d"ÓPfç
'dAÁaomwÓPfç apawmy&d,ÓPfç ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPfç 'dAÁpu©KÓPfç tmo0u©,ÓPfudk
&vdkMuvQif oDvudkjznfhusifhMuukefavmh /y/ yGm;Muukefavmh}} [lí oDv (0g) 0denf;\
tusdK;qufrsm;udk a[mawmfrlonf/
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omraPrdef;rç odu©rmef[laom oDwif;oHk;abmf 5-OD;wdkUonf oDvudkom y"meûyí a[mxm;aom
a'oemawmfjzpfonf? oDvysufvQif orm"d taMumif;taxmuftyHh enf;aomaMumifh rwnfrwHh
t½SnfrchHay? orm"dr½SdvQif 0dyóem tom;rwufEdkif? xdkUaMumif yÍöuedywf t*FkwådK&f 'kóDvokwfü-
]]'kóDvó bdu©a0 oDv0dyEéó [wlyedaom a[mwd or®morm"d? or®morm"drSd
towd or®morm"d0dyEéó [wlyedoH a[mwd ,xmblwÓP'óeH /y/ ao,sxmyd bdu©a0
½kau©m omcgyvmo0dyaEém? wó yy#dumyde yg&dyl&ð *päwd? wapmyd e yg&dyl&ð *päwd? az*¾Kyd e
yg&dyl&ð *päwd? oma&myd e yg&dyl&ð *päwd}}-
[k a[mawmfrlonf/
jrefrmtusOf;
&[ef;wdkU oDvysufol\ or®morm"donf taMumif;ysufuif;onf? orm"dr½SdcJhaomf
orm"dysufol\ [kwfwdkif;rSefpm odjrifwwfaom 0dyóemÓPf taMumif;uif;ysufavawmhonf /y/
Oyrmaomfum; tdk &[efwdkU tudkif;t½Guf ysuf,Gif;aom opfyifrSm tayG;rwuf? tcGHtacgufvnf;
rjynfhpHk? tumvnf; rwufvm? tESpf vnf; jynfhpHkjcif;odkU ra&mufouJhodkUwnf;/
21/ xdkrQru 0de,odu©mü r½dkaoaom olonf pdwfudk jzLpifoefU&Sif; tjypfuif;atmif
xm;ír&? odu©m,t*g&0 (0denf;odu©mü r½dkaojcif;) wnf;[laom ikwfonfpdwfü pl;0ifaeonfjzpfí
tjrJ a'goç rme paom w&m;wdkUjzifh emusifcHcuf tjypfpGufvsuf½Sdonf? xdkUaMumifh
apawmcDvrnf\[k rZÑdredum,f rlvyPÖmo apawmcDvokwfü a[mawmfrl\? jiif;cHkrI\
taMumif;&if;jzpfaomaMumifh 0d0g'rlvrnf[lívnf;aumif; ,if;onf vltaygif;wdkU\ tpD;tyGm;rJhjcif;ç
rcsrf;romjcif;iSm jzpf\? ewfvltaygif;wdkU\ tusdK;rJh tpD;tyGm;rJh qif;&Jjcif;iSm jzpf\[lí vnf;aumif;
t*Fkw¬dK&fedum,f quúedygwf 0d0g'rlvokwf ESm 294-ü a[mawmfrl\/
22/ apm'uwdkU wifjyxm;tyfaom ]Ak'¨rSwfausmuf} ESm 175-ü tqdkjzpfaom-
]],aeU bdu©KoHCmqdkwJh *dkPf;aygif;pHk bkef;BuD;awG vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuwJh 0denf;udk
riJhrn§myJ avhvmoHk;oyfMunfhvdkufvQif Oyg'gef wvHk;wcJBuD; jzpf½Sdaewmudk awGU&jyefw,f}}
[laom þpmydk'fum; pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU b,fvdkumuG,faomfvJ rdk;êud;ypf&m xef;vufESifhumouJhodkU
rvHkrvJom ½Sdaeayonf? txufygpmydk'fudk cGJpdwfa0zefvQif-

tpodkU
(u) ,aeU vuf½Sd0denf;onf Oyg'geftpGJtvrf; oufoufom jzpfonf/

(c) ,aeU 0denf;udk vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuaom *dkPf;aygif;pHk bkef;BuD;rsm;onf
Oyg'gefac:aom tukodkvfw&m;rsm;udkom vufcHusifhoHk; aeMuolrsm;jzpfMuonf/
(*) xdkUaMumifh *dkPf;aygif;pHkbkef;BuD;rsm;onf tukodkvfwHk; tukodkvfcJBuD;rsm;om jzpfonf?
þodkU oHk;ydkif;uGJxGufvmonf/
23/ (u) tqdkonf rSefyg\avm? 0denf;onf udk,fESifhEIwfudk xdef;ausmif;ay;aom (oH0&)
txdef;tausmif;rQom jzpfonf? Oyg'gef[lonfum; wPSmESifh 'd|dt&if;cH½Sdaom t,ltpGJjzpfonf?
0denf;ü wPSmjzifh pGJvrf;p&mr½Sd? 'd|djzifh tjrifvGJ txifvGJ pGJvrf;p&mvnf; r½Sday? ½Sdonfum;
0de,ukuúpöonf Oyg'gefr[kwf? tukodkvf r[kwfay? trSefum; tyf rtyf pl;prf;jcif; oabmrQom
jzpfonf/
,H ye 0dea, tx acg tm,o®m om&dykawåm b*0awm y#du©dwåH tEk0odwGm
tEk0odwGm tm0oxyd@H y&dbkÍödwkEÅd ukuúpöm,aEÅm e y#d*¾a[oDwd ukuúpöH tm*wH? e wH
eD0&PH e [d t&[awm ]]'k|K r,m £'H uw}} EÅd {0H tEkwmayg tw¬d? eD0&P ywd½lyuH
yaewH ]]uyÜwd e uyÜwD}}wd 0DrHoeo- cFgwH 0de,ukuúKpöH emr/ (t|omvdeD edau©yu@)
uyÜwd e uyÜwDwd y0wåpdwåKyÜga'g0 0de,ukuúKpöH/
(,if; rlv#Dum ESm-175)
jrefrmjyef
eD0&Pjzpfaom ukuúKpörSwyg; eD0&Pr[kwfaom ukuúKpöudk qdktHh? ]]xdktcg
t½Sifom&dykwå&monf qufumqufaeí {nfhonfwdkU wnf;cdk&mZ&yfü wnfxm;tyfaom qGrf;udk
pm;jcif;udk(iSm) bk&m;½Sif y,fxm; awmfrltyfNyD [k ukuúKpöjzpfum xdkqGrf;udk rcH,lyJ aeavNyD;}} [lí
vmaom ukuúKpöwrsdK;onf eD0&Pr[kwfay? rSefvS\ &[EÅmoEÅmefü ]]igonf þt&mudk raumif;ojzifh
ûytyfrdayNyD}} [k aemifwzef ylyefjcif;r½Sd? pifppfum; eD0&Pjzpfaom ukuúKpöESifh tvm;wlaom
]tyfoavm? rtyfoavm} [líjzpfaom pHkprf;qifjcifjcif;[laom 0de,ukuúKpö rnfonfum; ½Sd\?
(t|omvdeD jrefrmjyef)
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txufyg t|uwmESifh #Dumpum;ESpf&yfudk axmufvQif 0denf;ESifhpyfí pdwfvIyf½Sm;rIonf
Oyg'gef tukodkvfr[kwf? 0de,ukuúKpöom jzpfonf? ,if;ukuúKpöonfvnf; pdwfjzpf½HkrQjzpfvQif tjypf
pdk;pOf;rQr½Sd? [,f bmjzpfjzpf? tyftyfç rtyftyf igvkyfvdkufrnf[k vGefusL;vQif odkUr[kwf vkyfoifh&mudk
rvkyfyJaevQif tmPm0DwduúrEÅ-&m,f jzpfonf? i&J usapwwfonf/

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bdu©Kygwdarmufü vmaom ]]uð yedar[d ck'´gEkck'áu[d odu©mya'[d}} (ao;ao;EkyfEkyfç

þodu©myk'fawGeJY bmtusdK;½SdrSmvJ) ]],m0a'0 ukuúpöm, 0da[om, 0davcg, oH0wåEÅd}} ('Dodu©myk'f
uav;awG[m pdwfyifyef;½Hkç pdwfvIyf&Sm;½Hkç ukuúKpöjzpf½HkavmufyJ tusdK;½SdwmyJ) þawG;rsdK;awG;ç
þtajymrsdK;ajymvQif odu©myk'fudk uJh&JU½IwfcsonfhtwGuf odu©my' 0d0PÖuygpdwftmywfoifhonf?
þtcsufudk t>rufaxmifNyD; Oyg'gef[k pGJcsufwifum Oyg'gefwvHk;wcJwnf;[k qdkoluqdkí
axmufcHolu axmufcHaeMuonfrSm tvGefoem;p&maumif;olawGyJ [k qdkp&mom ½Sdayawmhonf/
24/ (c) vuf½Sd bkef;awmfBuD;awGudk tukodkvfaumifawGyJ[k wdkuf½dkufrqdkaomfvnf;
qdk&ma&mufaom pmudka&;ol Ak'¨rSwfausmufq&m OD;Ouú|onf rdrd\q&mocif aus;Zl;½Sif
bkef;awmfBuD;wdkUrSpí omoem0if wavQmufvHk;½Sd oDv0EÅ odu©mumr bkef;awmfBuD;awGudk
qJa&;armif;rJonf rnfavawmhonf/
ojA[®pm&D olawmfaumif;&[ef;awGudk qJa&;armif;rJolrsm; cHpm;&rnfh tusdK;w&m;udk t*Fkw¬dK&f
yÍöued ygwf tauúmouokwfü-
]]a,m aom bdu©a0 bdu©K tauúmouy&dbmoaum t&d,ly0g'D ojA[®pm&DeH? wó
yÍö tm'De0g yg#ducFg? uw ar yÍö yg&mZdaum 0g a[mwd qdEéy&dAaE¨m? tnw&H 0g oHudvd|H
tmywåð tmyZÆwdç AmV§H 0g a&m*gwuø zkowd? or®KaV§m umvH ua&mwd? um,ó ab'g
y&r®&Pm tyg,H 'k*¾wð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆwd}} -
ponfjzifh a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
jrefrmjyeftusOf;
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jywfpJoGm;jcif; npfEGrf;aom tmywfodkUa&muf&jcif; jyif;xefaom tema&m*g&wwfjcif;
awGa0pGmao&jcif; aoNyD;aemuf i&Jusa&muf&jcif; tjypf 5-yg; rcRwfjzpfvwåHU[k Ak'¨½Sifawmf þodkU
xkwfazmfrdefU[xm;onf/
25/ (*) ,ckacwf *dkPf;aygif;pHk bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;onf tukodkvfwHk; tukodkvfcJrsm;
jzpfayonf[k tw¬myEéenf;tm;jzifh qdk&ma&mufaomaMumifh Ak'¨rSwfausmuf pmtkyfa&;aom OD;Ouú|onf
&[ef;oHCmrsm;udk qJa&;wdkif;xGmojzifh oifhaom Moro0g'odu©myk'fjzifh ygpdwftmywfoifh Edkifayonf?
xdkrQru xdk*dkPf;aygif;pHk bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;wGif aomwmyefpaom t&d,myk*¾dKvfrsm; yg0ifEkdifojzifh
t&d,mpGyfpGJaom t&d,ly0g'uHvnf; xdkufEdkifonf? t&d,ly0g'uH[lonfum; ukpm;í&EdkifcJaom
uHjzpfonf? t&d,mpGyfpGJjypfudk t*Fkw¬dK&f 'ouedywf aumumvduokwfü þodkY azmfjyxm;\-
owH o[ómeH ed&AÁK'geH? owåð owd yÍö p tAÁK'ged/
,r&d,*&[D ed&,H Oaywd? 0gpH reÍö yPd"m, ygyuH/

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jrefrmjyef
,kwfrmaom EIwfudkvnf;aumif; pdwfudkvnf;aumif; aqmufwnfxm;í t&d,mudk uJh&JU (pGyfpGJ)
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i&Jjzpfonf? xdki&JodkU a&mufwwf\- [lvdk)/
26/ þrQqdkcJhaom pum;pOfjzifh pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkif\-
(u) OD;Ouú|wGif 0denf;awmfudk ypfy,fjcif;r½SdaMumif;?
(c) OD;Ouú|onf omoemhta&ûcHum rodem;rvnfaom olwdkUudk vdrfnm
vSnfhpm;jcif;r½SdaMumif;?
(*) rlrrSefaom &[ef;tcsdKU\ usifhMuHaexdkifyHkudkom jyojcif;jzpfaMumif;-
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OD;Ouú|onf 0denf;udk trSefy,foljzpfonf? rodem;rvnfaomolwdkUudk [kwfvdrfhEdk;Edk;
xifa&mifxifrSm;jzpfatmif vSnfhpm;ol jzpfonf[k aumifcsufcstyfayonf/
xdkUaemuf pk'dwuor®m'd|dtzGJU0ifwdkU\-
(C) 0denf;wckomtav;xm;vdkvQif Oyg'gef uyfNidwwfonf?
(i) 0denf;wckom tav;xm;vGef;í oHo,pdwfyGm;um Oyg'gefjzpfvmvQif
tjcm;&[ef;w&m;rsm; avsmhyg;oGm;Edkifonf-
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0de,*½kujzpfaom &[ef;awmfrsm;ü tjcm;&[ef;w&m;rsm; rvpf[if;yJ tEkyg'gy&dedAÁmeftxd
&Edkifayonf/
27/ ocifjrwfqdkif\ aom"em
(C) OD;Ouú|onf a½TaiGudk rcH,laMumif;?
(i) ausmif;uefponfudk a&pufcsí udk,fydkiftvªrcHaMumif;? þtcsufrQjzifh 0denf;udk
rypfy,fol[k rqdkEdkifay/
(p) OD;Ouú|ü pdwfqdk;jcif;? rmefwufjcif; rawGU&?
þtcsufESifh pyfvsOf;í ocifjrwfqdkifonf ouFef;0wfOD;Ouú|ESifh 'umwOD;taejzifhom (0g)
0wfaMumif wOD;taejzifhom qufqHzl;onf? OD;Ouú|ESifh ocifjrwfqdkifxufydkí &if;&if;ESD;ESD;
aygif;oif;zl;olwdkUu ocifjrwf qdkif\ pum;udk raxmufcHay/

tpodkU
(q) OD;Ouú|onf i&JESifhrajcmufç ewfbHkjzifhrajr§muf?

þtcsufonf 0denf;udk y,fzsufjcif;ESifh rqdkif[k qdkEdkifaomfvnf; ½kyf0g'Dtjrifjzifh bk&m;a[m
i&JESifhewfjynfudk r,HkMunfawmhyJ 0denf;w&m;udk tvum;[k oabmxm;aMumif;rSm wenf;tm;jzifh
ydkíxif½Sm;ayonf/
(Z) OD;Ouú|onf rnfonfh*dkPf;wGifrS ryg0if[kqdkonfrSm OD;Ouú|udk,fwdkifu ryg0ifvdkí
ryg0ifjcif;r[kwfyJ 0denf;r½Sd? Oyk'fy0g&Pmrûy½HkrQru-
(ps) trSwf acsqdkcsuft& ½Gm0ifouFef;½Hkjcif; odu©myk'fudkrQ r½dkrao rvdkufemjcif;
paomtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh rnfonfh *dkPf;*PurQ vufrcHyJ MuOfz,fxm;Muojzifhom
ryg0ifEdkifjcif;jzpfonf?
xdkUaMumifh xdkacsqdkcsufonfvnf; toufr0ifç w&m;rxifonfom jzpfayonf/
28/ (ps) ocifjrwfqdkifonf ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf eEókwfygVdawmfudk udk;um;um OD;Ouú|um;
tjrJwef;vufuawmhxdk;um ouFef;ûcHavh½SdaMumif;? ½Gm0ifaomtcgvnf; ouFef;r½HkyJ ûcHvsufom
0ifaMumif; qdkonf? ocifjrwfqdkif udk;um;aom okwfrSm-
“tx acg tm,o®meaE´m b*0awm rmwkpämykawåm tmaum#dwypömaum#dwmed pD0&med
yg½kydwGm tu©Ded taÍöwGm tpäH *a[wGm a,e b*0g awEkyouFrd? (y) e acg aw wH eE´
ywd½lyH ukvykwåó o'¨g t*g&o®m te*g&d,HyAÁZdwó? ,H wGH tmaum#dwypömaum#dwmed
pD0&med yg½kay,smod? tu©Ded p taÍö,smod? tpäÍö ywåH "ma&,smod/
jrefrmjyeftusOf;
xdktcg bk&m;½Sif\rdaxG;awmf a*gwrD\om;jzpfol t½SifeEónf(vufçwif;ykwfwckckjzifh) a½S;½I
xkcwftyfç jyefvSefí xkcwftyfaom (0g-acguf½dk;xifatmif vdyfxdk;um acgufíxm;tyfaom)
ouFef;wdkUudk 0wf½HkNyD; rsufpOf;uGif;um Munfvifajymifvufaom oydwfudk,lí jrwfpGmbk&m;\
txHawmfodkUoGm;um ½Sdcdk;vsuf xdkifae&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]eE´ o'¨gw&m;jzifh &[ef;tjzpfodkU
a&mufvmaom oifhtm; acguf½dk;xifatmif vdyfxdk;í acgufxm;tyfaom ouFef;wdkUudk 0wf½Hkjcif;ç
rsufpOf;uGif;jcif;ç Munfvifajymifvufaom oydwfudk udkifpGJjcif; onf roifhavsmfacs}} ponf
rdefUawmfrlavonf/
þpum;&yfü-
tmaum#dwypömaum#dwmeDwd {uo®ð yaó ygPdem 0g rk*¾a&e0g tmaum#aee
tmaum#dumed y&d0awåwGm tmaum#aee ypömaum#dwmed
(,if;t|uxm eEókwf)
þtzGifhpum;udk em;rvnfaomaMumifh ]]vufvdyfxdk;ouFef;udk 0wf½Hkjcif;}} [k ocifjrwfqdkif
qdkrdavonf? ½Gm0ifcgeD; vufvdyfxdk;í ouFef;½Hkonfudk t"dyÜm,faumuf,lrdavonf/

tpodkU
trSefpifppfrSm ouFef;udk a&vdyfxdk;&m wzufpGef;rS vufjzifhjzpfapç wif;ykwfjzifhjzpfapç

xkcwfjcif;ç tjyefjyeftvSefvSef xkcwfjcif;udk t|uxmq&m zGifhjyavonf? a[mif;EGrf;aom
ouFef;yifjzpfap þodkU vufvdyfxdk;í 0wfvQif vuf½dkxifí awmifhawmifhwif;wif;½Sdum
0wfíaumif;onf? Munfhí aumif;onf? þodkU ûyvkyfjcif;onf pD0&r@e= ouFef;udk wefqmqifjcif;
rnf\? tmywfroifhaomfvnf; OEéVyrwå (axmifvTm;wuf<uaom arhavsmhaom) &[ef;wdkU\ trlt&m
toGiftjyifjzpfonf? xdkUaMumifh bk&m;½Sifu roifhawmf[k rdefUawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
ocifjrwfqdkifonf ygVdawmf\ t"dyÜm,frouf teufrxif½Sm;aomaMumifh þygVdawmfudk
om"uûyí q&mYbufrS acsqdkjcif;onf uG,fum&mra&muf? ½Gm0ifodu©myk'f (aocd,okyÜ#dpäEé) udk
vGefusL;aMumif; 0efcHrd vsufom;jzpfí OD;Ouú| 0denf;r½dkaojcif;rSm ydkí ay:vGifxif½Sm; oGm;awmhonf/
29/ or®m'd|dokawoe0g'DwdkU\ acsqdkcsuf trSwf (2) t& 227-yg;aom odu©myk'fwdkUonf
tus,fyGm;vQif 7-uka#ausmf ½Sdonf[laom pum;onf r[kwfrrSef? 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;a½SUrSmyif
jzef;oef;ajymjcif; jzpfavonf? oHo,ESifh Oyg'gefudk jzpfwwfygonf[lonfrSmvnf; vl0wfaMumifawG
jzpfonfESifhtnD 0denf;oabmudk em;rvnfaomaMumifh qdkrdaomacsqdkcsufjzpfonf? odu©myk'ftrSefrSm
tus,ftm;jzifh uka#udk;axmifwpf&m ½Spfq,f ig;oef; oHk;aomif; ajcmufaxmif ½Sdonf/
e0 aum#d o[óed? toDwd ow aum#da,m?
ynmo owo[óed? qwåð om p ykemya&/
odom½HkrQjy&aomf yxryg&mZdu odu©myk'fwckwnf;rSmyif tmywfaygif; rnfrQ½Sdonfudk
atmufygtwdkif; pdppfMunfhEdkif\/ pdppfyHkrSm-
vlrdef;rwa,mufwGif usifi,faygufç usifBuD;aygufç yg;pyfayguf[lí r*f 3-ayguf½Sdonf?
r*faygufwckckwGif &[ef;onf arxkefrI usL;vGefaomtcg 0ifqJcPç 0ifNyD;cPç wnfqJcPç
xkwfqJcPç cPwckckwGif om,mrI rvGJraoG ½SdEdkifonf? tbd"r®m obm0pdwf jzpfyHkudk tajcûy&onf?
xdkUaMumifh þwGifyif tmywf 12-csuf jzpfaeNyD; (3_4=12)? xdk rdef;ronfvnf; Edk;aeqJç rl;,pfaeqJç
½l;aeqJç arhavsmhaeqJç wzefwHk aovGefNyD; p? aoNyD;r*f 3-ayguf oHk;yHk 1-yHk ysufpD;aeNyD? r*f 3-ayguf
oHk;yHk ESpfyHk ysufpD;? þodkU 8-rsdK; ½Sdonf/ xdkUaMumifh (12_8=96) tmywfjzpfonf? þwGif vlrdef;r
wudk,fwnf;yif tajctaetvdkuf tmygwfaygif; 96 jzpfvmonf/
ewfrdef;r 96? wd&dpämefrdef;r 96? (96_3=288)? ObawmAsnf; (a,mufsm;t*Fg rdef;rt*Fg 2-
&yfvHk;ygol) rSmvnf; vlç ewfç wd&dpämef[lí 3-rsdK;½SdaomaMumifh 288_2=576 ½SdNyD/
vla,mufsm;wGif usifBuD;aygufç yg;pyfayguf[lí r*fayguf 2-ayguf ½Sdonf?
r*faygufwpfckckwGif om,mrI 4-rsdK;½SdEdkifonf? (2_4=8) a½S;enf;twdkif; Edk;aeqJ ponf tajctae 8-
rsdK; ½Sdaumif;aomaMumifh (8_8=64)jzpfonf? ewfa,musfm;ç wd&dpämefa,musfm;wdkUü enf;wl½SdaomaMumifh
(64_3=192)jzpfonf/ a,musfm;vnf;r[kwf rdef;rvnf;r[kwfaom y@KufwGif tvm;wl 192-

tpodkU
jzpfaomaMumifh (192_2=384)? ESpf&yfaygif;aomf (576+384=960) tmywfaygif;jzpfvmonf/ þum;

yg&mZdu oufoufrQ jzpf\/
wzef yxryg&mZdurI ûyusifhusL;vGefaomfvnf; arxket*Fgrajrmufaomt&mrsdK;ü xkv’pöOf;ESifh
‘'kuú#f[lí tmywåd0g' 2-rsdK;½Sdao;\/ odom½kHrQ jy&aomf vlwdkU\ udk,fay:wGif rsufvHk;aygufç
ESmacgif;aygufç em;aygufç qD;yHk;ç "m;i,fjzifh cGJtyfaom tem0wdkUü arxkefrIûyvQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/
,if;odkU a,musfm; rdef;r ObawmAsnf; y@Kuf 4-rsdK; wzef vlewf wd&dpämef 3-rsdK;wdkUjzifh
ajr§mufyGm;vdkufaom tmywfrnfrQ jzpfay:vmonfudk cefUrSef;Munfh&m\/
bk&m;½Sifonf 0denf;odu©myk'fwckudk ynwfawmfrlaomtcg t<uif;tusefr½Sd
rlvtmywfESifhwuG tMum;wGif oifha&mufEdkifaom tmywfç vHk;vHk;tmywfroifh[laom temywåd0g&[lí
jynfhpHkpGm a[mNrJjzpfonf/ Oyrm-&[ef;\ &efol wpfa,mufa,mufonf &[ef;udk
yg&mZduusapvdkojzifh rdef;r½Sd&modkU &[ef;udk ayGUcsDoGm;í r*faygufwpfckckodkU &nf½G,fum
zdxdkifaponfqdktHh? &[ef;onf cP 4-rsdK;wGif wrsdK;rsdK;ü om,mcJhaomf yg&mZduusonf/
vHk;vHk;rom,mvQif yg&mZdurus? aemufwpfrsdK;um; &[ef;wpfyg;onf vdift*Fgudk wckckjzifh
&pfywfíjzpfap? rdef;r\ yó0r*ftwGif;ü tom;ESifhrxdap&ef ydwfyg;ç &mbmponf xnfhoGif;íjzpfap?
arxkefrIûytHh? yg&mZdu us\/ rdrdukd,fwdkifu rodpOfç odkUr[kwf pdwfryg rom,mvQifç odkUr[kwf
tdyfaysmfaepOf rdef;rwa,mufa,mufu udpöNyD;onftxd (Avuúm&) twif;t"r® ûyvkyfoGm;aomf
rom,mvQif &[ef;rSm yg&mZdrusay/
þodkUvQif yxryg&mZdu odu©myk'fü temywåd0g&ESifh ESpfaxmifausmfausmfaom 0g&rsm;
xGufvmonf/ ,if;onfyif yxryg&mZdu odu©myk'fESpfaxmifausmf jzpf\/ <uif;aom yg&mZdu
tmywfBuD;rsm;üvnf; tvm;wl½Sdonfudk cefUrSef;Munfh&m\/ ,if;odkUqdkvQif 227-oG,fwGif
uka#udk;axmifausmf½Sdonf [lonfudk tvG,fESifh oabmaygufEdkifavmuf ayNyD/ rnfodkUrQ
oHo,0ifp&mvnf;r½Sd? Oyg'gefum; vHk;0rjzpfEdkifacs/ Oyg'gefESifhvnf; rqdkifay/
30/ trSwf 4-acsqdkcsuf ]]odu©myk'fawG rsm;vGef;vSí vlxGufrnfBuHaom &[ef;rSm
Oyg'gefaMumifhomjzpfonf}} [lonfrSmvnf; r[kwfrrSefaom taMumif;jycsuf jzpfonf/ rdrd\ÓPf
rus,fjyefUjcif;aMumifh oabmrSefudk em;rvnf? em;rvnfaomaMumifh pdwfESvHk; qkwfepfrIjzpfonf/
pdwfqkwfepfjcif;aMumifh vlxGufvdkjcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;pdwfqkwfepfrIum; oDvudk taMumif;ûyíjzpfaom
Oayu©mo[*kwf ÓP0dyÜ,kwf oocFg&du umrm0p& ukokdvfpdwfrQom jzpfonf/ tukodkvfpdwf r[kwf?
tukodkvf r[kwfvQif Oyg'gefjzpfzdkU a0;vS\/ xdkUaMumifh þacsqdkcsufonf vHk;0 tajctjrpf r½Sdacs/
31/ trSwf-3 acsqdkcsuf ]]apwem½SdrS tmywfoifhonf/ apwemr½SdvQif tmywfroifh}}[k
pu©Kygv rax&f0w¬Kudk xkwfaqmifjcif;rSmvnf; 0de,omoemudk ravhusufrd okwr½Sdí qdkjcif;rQom
jzpfonf/ ygPmwdygwESifhpyfaom odu©myk'frsm;onf opdwåu (apwem½SdrSç pdwfygrSoifhaom)

tpodkU
tmywfjzpfonf rSefaomfvnf; &[EÅmrsm;yif oifhEdkifaom tpdwåutmywf (pdwf apwem rygaomfvnf;

oifhaomtmywf) rsm;pGm ½Sdonf/ Oyrm- rodí rmwk*grESifh wrdk;w&Hwnf; tdyfjcif;ç
t&ufygaomaq;udk oHk;aqmifjcif;rsdK; ponfjzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh xdkacsqdkcsufonf rcdkifvHkaom
,kwådrrDaom acsqdkcsufom jzpfonf/
32/ ]]0denf;udk t"duxm;vGef;í bdu©KeDr omoemuG,fy&jcif;onf yxroH*g,emrS
ponf}} qdkaompum;rSm rqDrqdkif rpyfr[yf 0denf;usifh0wfí ayghavsmhap&ef (wenf; 0de,*½ku
yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk Oyg'gefwHqdyfwyfay;&ef vkyfBuHajymqdkaom pum;rsm;omjzpfonf/
trSeftm;jzifh bdu©KeDomoem uG,fy&jcif;rSm 0denf;udk t"duxm;vGef;aomaMumifh r[kwf?
0denf;udk jynfhpHk av;eufpGm rusifhjcif;ç rvdkufemjcif;aMumifhom jzpf\/
bdu©KeDomoem uG,fonfrSm yxroH*g,emrS ponfr[kwf? wwd, oH*g,emtNyD;
pwkw¬oH*g,em[k qdktyfaom ayxuftu©&m wif&mumvtxd oD[kdVfuRef;wGif bdu©KeDrrsm;
½Sdaeao;\/ yk*Hausmufpmrsm;t& jrefrmjynf yk*HûrdU omoemtxd bdu©KeDrrsm; ½Sdaeao;aMumif; od&\/
xdkUaMumifh þtqdkrSm rl&if;yk*¾dKvf Ak'¨0g' tajccHoifwef;q&m OD;udkudkav;qdkol\ awm&rf;r,fzGJU
0denf;udk uJh&JUaom pum;rQomjzpfí t0de,t"r®omjzpfaMumif; oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf-2
q&mawmfrsm; tnDtñGwf qHk;jzwftyfayonf/
33/ (9)trSwf apm'uwdkU wifjytyfaom apm'emcsufum; pum;0gus rjynfhpHkojzifh vdk&if;
ra&mufcJhay/ qdkvdk&if;rSm OD;Ouú|ESifh OD;0go0wdkUonf 0de,omoemawmfudk trSDûyí &[ef;tjzpfudk
&,lxm;Muolrsm; jzpfvsuf ,if;0de,omoemudk r½kdrao ½IwfcsuJh&JUMuí "r®0de,udk pGefUy,folrsm;
jzpfMuonf/ ,if;odkU Ak'ËSifh "r®udk pGefUy,fMuaomaMumifh ]Ak'¨H ypöu©mrd}[k qdkí odu©mcsaomoluJhodkU
Ak'ÿkwå (bk&m;om;awmfrsm; [kwfEdkifzGif r½SdawmhaMumif; qdkvdkayonf/ pum; rjynfhpHkapumrl
OD;Ouú|wdkUtm; t0de,0g'Drsm; jzpfaMumif; qdkvdk&if;rSm odomxif½Sm;ayonf/
34/ trSwf 5-acsqdkcsuf ]]ao;i,faom tmywfonf psmefr*f zdkvf\ tEÅ&m,fudk
jzpfaponfqdkjcif;rSm Oyg'gefaMumifh jzpfonf}} [lonfrSmvnf; 0denf;udk y,fvdkaomç 0denf;udk
rusifhvdkaomç 0denf;udk r½kdaoaom olwdkU\ qifajcom jzpfonf/ omoemawmf\ toufudk
&ef½Smaom pum;aywnf;/
0de,usifh0wfrsm;rS tmpm&ukvykwå trsdK;om;aumif;rsm;tzdkU owdvGwfuif; arhavsmhjcif;
ponfaMumifh tmywfwpHkw&m oifha&mufcJhygvQif tjypfrS vGwf&mvGwfaMumif;
xGufayguf½Sdonfomjzpf\/ tm0Du&Pac: (Confession) tmywfajzazsmufenf; ½Sd\/ ,if;
ajzazsmufenf; xGufayguf½Sdygvsuf rukpm; rajzazsmuf? tmywfodkUvnf; apwemjzifh oifha&mufvQif
tvZÆDjzpfonf/ þtvZÆD twGufum; xGufayguf r½SdawmhNyD? tvGefao;i,faom 'kuú#ftmywf
uav;onfyif ]]orÜZme rkom0ga'g ac: yem,o®aEÅm tEÅ&m,faum "ar®m 0kawåm b*0wm}}

tpodkU
ygVdawmft& r*fzdkvf edAÁmef\ tEÅ&m,fudk ûyEdkifonfrSm rcRwfwnf;? Oyg'gefESifh rnfodkUrS qufpyfjcif;

r&Sday/
xdkUaMumifh xdkacsqdkcsufonfvnf; "r®0de, r[kwf? t"r®-t0de,om jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/
pifppf OD;Ouú|onf a½S;acwf qAÁ*¾D&[ef; wdkUuJhodkU 0denf;w&m;awmfwnf;[laom omoemawmf\
pnf;½kd;apmifh&ef;udk ½kdufcsdK;&ef êud;pm;olomjzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf;

tpodkU

EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)
apm'em trSwf(10)
oHCmykwfcwfjcif;ESifhpyfonfh 0dedpä,
oHCmawmft½Sifaumif; t½SifjrwfwdkUtm; apmfum;rIûyjcif;ESifhywfoufaom apm'em aom"em 2-&yfudk
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;\ a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf
1/ apm'emtrSwf 10-wGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u 0denf;w&m;awmfudk rypfy,fyJ
bk&m;½Sif\ 0denf;odu©myk'fawmfrsm;udk toufwrQ vdkufemusifhoHk; aexdkifMuaom &[ef;aumif;
½Sifaumif; oHCmawmfwdkUtm; ykwfcwf pGyfpGJ a&;om;NyD; apmfum;orI ûyaeygaMumif;ESifh vlaovljzpf
paom pmtkyfrsm;rS pum;&yftcsdKU (u)rS (q)txd 7-csufrQ xkwfEIwfwifjy pGJqdkvmonf?
pk'dwuwdkUbufrSrl ocifjrwfqdkifu tcsuftm;vHk;udk ûcHí pGyfpGJ ajymqdkrIr½SdaMumif;jzifh jiif;qdkí
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJU0ifwdkUu u-rS p-txd pGJqdkwifjycsufrsm;ud rnfokdUrQ ckcHacsqdkjcif; rûyyJ q-
trSwf pGJqdkcsufudkom a0g[m&½IaxmifhrS umuG,facsyoGm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/
2/ ,if;tcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf ap'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUwifjyvmaom
tcsufwdkUudk eufeufeJeJ avhvmoHk;oyfí pdppfawmfrlMu&mü-
(u) trSwfjy xkwfEkwf wifjycsufwGif vlaovljzpf pmtkyf ESm-82vm ]]xdkacwfor,um;
bmoma&;0efxrf; jzpfMuukefaom bkef;BuD;&[ef;rsm;onf a½T aiGpaom
vbfvmbig;udk rQm;olzrf;olwdkU jzpfMuav&m "mwfawmf tHawmf qHawmf
awmifa0S;awmf ponfwdkUudk ig;pmtjzpfjzifh toHk;ûyMuukef\}} [laom pum;&yfudk
wifjyxm;onf/ ,if;ESifhpyfí pk'dwuwdkUbufrS txl;racsyaomfvnf; bkef;BuD;[laom
a0g[m&rSm Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmfrsm;udk rqdkoa,mif a½SmifvGJacsyoGm;Muonf/
odkUaomfvnf; yl;wGJyg &[ef;[laom a0g[m&ESifh Ak'¨bmomqdkif&m "mwfawmf tHawmf
qHawmf awmifa0S;awmf[laom a0g[m&wdkUaMumifh Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmfwdkUudk
qdkvdkaMumif; zHk;uG,fí r&Edkifonfudk awGU&onf/ ,if;"mwfawmf tHawmf qHawmf
ponfwdkUESifh qdkif&m pdppfp&m ½SdorQudk wdkuf½dkuf pGyfpGJcsuf jzpfonfh trSwf(12)wGif
tus,fpdppf oHk;oyfMurnfjzpfí þü csefvSyfxm;cJhOD;rnf/
3/(c) trSwfjyxkwfEkwf wifjycsufwGif bkef;BuD;&[ef;wdkUonf vlom;wdkUtm; bHkcef;wdkUESifh
ajr§muf ajcmufípm;vrf;xGifMuyHk? [efaqmifvkyfief;rsm;jzifh toufarG;MuyHkwdkUjzifh
tom;vGwf pGyfpGJa&;om;csufrsm;udk awGU&onf/
,if;wdkUrSm aMumif;usdK;azmfjycsuf uif;rJhaom pGyfpGJcsufrsm;jzpfí wpHkw&m oHk;oyfa0zefzG,frvdk?
&[ef;oHCmawmfwdkU\ omoemhvkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk vkyfaqmifaerIrsm; jzpfonfh a[majymvrf;ñTefrI?

tpodkU
aexdkifusifhoHk;rIwdkUudk wzufowf ½Iwfcs a&½Gwfxm;csufrsm;[líom ,lqMuonf/ ,if;uJhodkUaom

a&;om;csufrsm;udk a½S;tcef;rsm;uyif toifhtwef a0zefcJhNyD;avNyD/
4/(*) trSwfjy xkwfEIwfwifjycsufwGif tydkif;2-ydkif; yg½Sd&m 1-wGif &[ef;oHCmawmfwdkU\
oifMum;rItydkif;udk ½Iwfcsxm;NyD; 2-wGif ½dk;om;pGm usifhoHk;rIudk jypfwifxm;onfudk
awGU&\/
xdk 2-ydkif;wGif 1-twGufrSmvnf; wpHkw&mtaMumif;jycsuf r½Sd/ ol\xifjrifcsuftwkdif; ½Iwfcs
a&½Gwfa&;om;xm;jcif;om jzpfojzifh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkUu oD;jcm;oHk;oyfjcif; rûyrlí 2-tcsufqdkif&m
½dk;om;pGm usifhoHk;aexdkifMuaom oHCmawmfwdkUtm; jypfwifxm;csufudk oHk;oyf&müom xnfhoGif;oHk;oyf
oGm;Murnf jzpfonf/
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8/ ]]y&dwf½Gwfjcif;onf aumif;usdK;{uefrSefygu tb,faMumifh aq;½Hkrsm;

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yg½Sd\/
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pum;r[kwf? y&dwfw&m;awmfrsm;udk oa&mfjyufacsmf rawmfrw&m; ajymqkdonfhtoHom jzpfonf/
wu,fem;rvnf[k qkdvQifvnf; obm0usayonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf trSefw&m;udk odjrif&ef
ocifjrwfqkdifü taMumif;t*Fg rpHkaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/ vlüta&;BuD;aom raem0dnmPfemrfw&m;\
tcef;u@udk ypfy,fí (p-o-C-Z-u) [laom yom'½kyfig;yg;udkom pOf;pm;awG;ac:rI\
t"dur@dKiftjzpf xm;½SdolrSeforQ odrfarGUeufeJaom Ak'¨"r®qkdif&m udpö&yfrsm;udk em;vnfEkdifMurnf
r[kwfay/ txufwGif azmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; y&dwfw&m;awmfrsm;onf apwem o'¨g opöm arwåm [laom
emrfw&m;rsm;jzpfí ,if;emrfw&m;rsm;udk tZÑwåobm0okdU xdckduf pdrfhxHkoGm;atmif pl;pl;
pdkufpdkuf½GwfyGm;jcif;onfyif qE´pdwå 0D&d, 0DrHo [laom £'¨dyg' tjzpfodkUa&mufum
tusdK;NyD;ajrmuf&jcif;rsdK;yif jzpfonf/ Oyrm-a&m*gwpfckjzpfvQif aysmufuif;apvdkaom qEúvnf;
tm;BuD;onf/ aysmufuif;a&;ü pdwfvnf; tvGefxufoefaeonf/ aysmufuif;&ef pdwfpGJNyD; ZGJjzifh
êud;pm;onf/ oifh roifh csifhcsdefwwfaom pOf;pm;ÓPfvnf; vGefuJaeonf/ xkdtwGif;pdwfudk
Munfvifapaom aAmZÑifokwfw&m;rsm;udk Mum;em½GwfyGm; apwemo'¨g wkd;yGm;rIt½SdefESifh
xdawGUvdkuf&vQif xkdt½Sdef"mwf\ ½dkufcwfrIaMumifh cufrmrI ylavmifrIrsm; avsmhyg;oGm;&onf/ odkUjzifh
y&dwfw&m;awmfüjzpfaom apwem o'¨g arwåm opömrsm;rSm t½SdefESifhwuGjzpfí
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tEÅ&m,fuif;jcif; tusdK;rsm;udk NyD;ajrmuf apEkdifjcif;yif jzpfonf/
9/ xkdUaMumifh oH,kwåedum,f *dvmeokwfwkdUwGif tjyif;txef rusef;rrmjzpfaeaom
t½Sifr[muóy? t½Sifr[marm*¾v’mefwkdUtm; aAmZÑ 7-yg;w&m;awmfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwkdif
a[mMum;½Gwfqkdjyojzifh xkdt½SifESpfyg;wkdUonf aAmZÑif 7-yg; w&m;udk em&vsifyif csufcsif;,lypfovdk
a&m*grsm; aysmufuif;oGm;&onf/ wpfcgwGif bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwkdif udk,fvufrtDrom
rusef;rrmjzpfvmí t½SifpkE´tm; aAmZÑif 7-yg; w&m;awmfudk t½Gwfckdif;NyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;
emMum;awmfrlum a0'emrS vGwfuif;awmfrl&onf (oH 3? 71-73)/ (r[m0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf)
þonfwkdUudk taMumif;ûyí ,if;*dvmeokwf 3-okwfudk aAmZÑ*Fy&dwfûyí ,ckacwftxd
½Gwfqkdvsuf½SdMuonf/ ygVdawmfrl&if;rSm pkPÖd,jzpfí ydkrkd½GwfqkdvG,fulap&ef *gxmpDuHk;vsuf y&dwf
(11) okwfwGif aAmZÑifokwfudk xnfhoGif;xm;ayonf/
10/ aAmZÑif 7-yg; w&m;awmfuJhodkUyif jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlaom
okwåefygVdawmfrsm; a&m*gaysmufuif;MuaMumif;rSm t½Sif*d&drmeE´ tjyif;txef rusef;rmaomtcg

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jrwfpGmbk&m;u t½SiftmeE´mtm; onmq,fyg; w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;apojzifh t½Sif*d&drmeE´

a&m*gvHk;0uif;½Sif;oGm;&aMumif; t*Fkwå&edum,f 'ouedygwf t½Sif*d&drmeEókwf (tH 3? 342)
wGifvnf;aumif; eukvydwmol<u,f a&m*ga0'emjzpf&m eukvrmwmu iJhuGuf wG,fwm uif;uGma&;
bk&m;½Sif tqHk;trawmfukd a[mjyojzifh vHk;0 a&m*guif;oGm;aMumif; t*Fkwå&edum,f quúedygwf
eukvydwkokwf (tH 2? 261) wGifvnf;aumif; a[mawmfrlxm;ayonf/
þjrwfpGmbk&m;\ okwåefw&m;awmfrsm;onf emMum;ol\ ESvHk;tdrfwGif w½Sdef½Sdef wpdrfhpdrfh
MunfEl;í vmapum o'¨g yDwd yó'¨d okcwkdU wckrSwck ul;puf0ifa&mufí aemufqHk; orm"dpcef;odkU
aygufa&mufoGm;Ekdifayonf/ xkd w&m;tqifhqifh emrf"mwfwkdUum; at;jrNidrf;csrf;aom
emrf"mwfrsm;jzpfay&m a&m*ga0'em tyltavmifwkdU cGma½Smif MuOfz,fí oGm;a&mufoGm;onfrSm
xif½Sm;aom w&m;oabmyif jzpfayonf/
11/ ]]e [d opöud&d,m a0ZÆur®H a[mwd}} [k rZÑdryPÖmo t|uxm 234- rdefUqkdcsuft&
opömûyjcif; ponfrsm;onf trSefrSm aq;0g;ukpm;jcif; udpörsdK;um; r[kwf? odkUaomf ]]opömav;euf?
ay:qDwufu? EG,fjrufopfyif? aq;zuf0if\}} [laom jrefrmpum;twkdif;yif opömaMumifh
touf½Sif&jcif; atmifjrifrI&½Sdjcif; ponfwkdUonf txif t½Sm;yif jzpfonf/
trSeftwkdif; ajymqkdaompum;ukd opöm[k qkd\/ xkdopömudk 0pDopöm[k qkd&onf/
rkom;ajymqkdrIrS a½SmifMuOfrI onf 0d&wDopömjzpf\/ 'ku©? ork',? eda&m"? r*¾ þav;yg;onf
t&d,opömjzpf\/ wu,f xif½Sm;½Sdí rysufpD;wwf aumif;jrwfaomoabm½Sdaom edAÁmefudk
y&rwåopöm[k qkdonf/ trSefr[kwfaomfvnf; rdrdu trSef[k pGJcsuft& qkdaeaom opömum;
rdpämopömrsdK; jzpfonf/ þopömwkdUwGif y&dwfawmfvm ]{awe opö0aZÆe} [laom opömrSm
0pDopömjzpfavonf/ 0pDopömrSm tjzpftysuftrSefudk trSeftwkdif; ajymqkdaom obm0"r®rsdK;jzpfí
tvGefpl;½SajzmifhrSefí tjrefqHk;pl;½S xda&mufapEkdifojzifh a&m*gaysmufuif;jcif;
tqdyftawmufuif;uGmjcif; rD;ukd Nidrf;apjcif; rkd;udk½Gmapjcif; paom tHhMozG,f&m
aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;udk &½SdapEkdifayonf/
odkUaomf þae&mü txl;odzG,f½SdonfrS ]]wD[d r[m&mZ um&aP[d y&dwåH e &u©wd
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yÍömeEÅ&d,uHoifhol ed,wrdpäm'd|d jzpfaeol y&dwfwefckd;udk r,HkMunfolwkdUtzdkYum; rnfonfhtusdK;udkrQ
r&Ekdifonfukd owdûy&ayrnf/
12/ pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfaom OD;qE´m"du\ aom"emwifoGif;vTmwGif
y&dwfESifhywfoufí pm ESpfrsufESmcefU yg½Sd\/ tjcm;tcsufrsm;pGmtwGuf txufyg pdppfcsufrsm;ü
yg0ifíoGm;NyD;jzpfojzifh xyfrHrqkdvdkawmhay/ ¤if;\ wifoGif;vTmtqHk;wGif ]]rdpämZD0rsm;udk

tpodkU
or®mtmZD0xifrSwfaeMuvQif y&dwftusdK;&rnfxuf omoemwGif;ü vljzpfusdK; ½SHK;rnfudk

ydkrkdaMumufoifhygonf}} [lí yg½Sd\/ ,if;ESifh ywfoufí tenf;i,f pdppf&ef vdktyfayonf/
y&dwf½Gwfjcif;onf &[ef;wkdU\ tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvESifh rnfodkUrQ rywfoufacs/ &[ef;awmfwkdU\
pwkyg&dok'¨doDvü yg0ifaom tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvrSm taeoewkdUrS MuOfz,fí pifMu,fpGmcH,l
oHk;aqmifrIrsdK;omjzpfonf/ y&dwf½Gwfjcif;onf rdrd\ausmif;ocFrf;ü 0wfwuf 0wfuyfûyvkyf&mü
½Gwfqkdjcif;? 'g,um 'g,dumrwkdU\ yifhavQmufcsuft& oGm;a&muf½Gwfqkdjcif; [lí ESpfrsdK;½Sd&m 'g,um
'g,dumrwkdUtwGuf ½Gwfqkdjcif;ü ygxdu0*¾| uxm tm#mem#d,okwftzGifh 149-t&-
teufo'´gudk okwfoifí aumif;pGm oif,lxm;jcif;?
yk'fAsnf;wkdUudk r,kwfap&? jynfhpHkatmif avhvm usufrSwfxm;jcif;ESifh?
vmbfvmbudkriJh arwåma½SUxm;í ½Gwfqkdjcif;?
þodkU t*FgoHk;yg;½Sd&m aemufqHk;t*Fgjzpfaom vmbfvmbudk riJh arwåma½SUxm;í ½Gwfqkdjcif;udk
tav;teuf xm;Mu&NrJyif jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh ]]vmba[wk O*¾a[wGm bPEÅómyd tw¬H e
oma"wd}} [k ,if;t|uxmü txl;qkdxm;ayonf/ xkdUaMumifh &Hzef&Hcg 'g,um 'g,dumrwkdUu
yifhzdwfí y&dwfw&m;awmif;qkdvQif vmbfvmbudpö yg0ifvmygu y&dwftusdK;w&m;udk wkd;yGm;NyD;pD;jcif;
r½SdEkdifojzifh y&dwf½GwfrIudk a½SUwef;wifí &[ef;wkdU tmZD0udpöudk raqmif½GufMu&onfrSm
omoemhxHk;wrf;pOfvmw&yfom jzpfavonf/ ½Sif;½Sif;qkd&vQif &[ef;wkdUonf y&dwf½Gwfí
pm;aomufaejcif;rsdK; r½Sd? &Hzef&Hcg taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm y&dwf½Gwf&onf½Sdaomf vmbfvmbudk riJh
arwåma½SUxm;í ½GwfqkdMujcif;onfom &[ef;aumif; &[ef;jrwfwkdU\ wm0efjzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh
y&dwfawmfrsm;udk oifMum;½Gwfqkdjcif;ESifh omrnzvokwfvm a>rtwwf tqdyftwwf uif;NrD;aumuf
twwfwkdUESifh wpfxyfwnf; xm;í a&;om;pGyfpGJxm;jcif;onf oabm½dk; oabmajzmifhr[kwf? ½IwfcsuJh&JU
w½GJUwapmif; raumif;aom oabmom aygavmay: xif½Sm;í aeayonf/
13/ þrQaom taMumif;tusdK;wkdUukd axmuf½Ií y&dwf½Gwf y&dwfemjcif;ü tusdK;r½Sd[k
a0zef½IwfcsaeMuaom vlaovljzpf 0g'gEk0g'yk*¾dKvfwkdUonf y&dwfukd bk&m;a[mr[kwf?
t&nf;BuD;vufusef [lívnf;aumif;? bmtusdK;rQ rûy[lívnf;aumif;? omoemawmf
,dk,Gif;qkwf,kwfaMumif; [lívnf;aumif;? vljzpfusdK; reyf[lívnf;aumif;
a&;om;ajymqkd,lpGJaejcif;wkdUtwGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ax&0g'oH*g,emajcmufwefwif okwåefyd#uawmf
yg0pewkdUudk wm;qD;y,fzsuf aESmuf,Suf aoGzDaeMuolrsm; jzpfMuayonf/ ¤if;jyif-
okawå 'kyÜ#dyaEém pwåma&m ar yk*¾vm/y/ twåmeÍö cewd? A[kÍö tyknH yo0wDwd?
wawm rdpäm'd|duH ygykPmwd ('D?|?1?23)-
[laom oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxmyg pum;t& okwåefw&m;awmfü raumif;ojzifh usifhaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf
t"dyÜm,f t,ltq taumufvGJrSm;NyD;vQif trSefudk rodbJ rSm;aom t,ludkom ,lpGJ\[k

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,if;rdpämt,lrSm;rsm;udk &nfñTef;í jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlcJhonf/ rdrdukd,fwkdif t,lrSm;udk ,lojzifh

bk&m;½Sifukd pGyfpGJ&ma&muf? rdrdukd,fudkvnf; wl;ûzd&m a&mufí rsm;pGmaom tukodkvfw&m;qkd;wkdUom
yGm;wkd;í aeavonf/
xkdUaMumifh bk&m;a[mygVdawmf y&dwfw&m;rsm;udk qefUusifzsufqD;í aeMuaom vlaovljzpf
OD;Ouú|ESifh or®m'd|dokawoe0g'orm;wkdUonf rdpäm0g' t"r®oabmodkU a½GUavsmajy;0ifaeMuolrsm;om
jzpfonf[k trSwf(2) oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u pdppfoHk;oyfí qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

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EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf (2)
apm'emtrSwf (12)
"mwfawmfarGawmf ponfudk y,fjcif;ESifh pyfonfh 0dedpä,
"mwfawmf arGawmf apwD ykxdk; ½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfrsm;ukdapmfum; a&;om;a[majymjcif;ESifh ywfoufí
apm'em-aom"emESpf&yfudk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf
1/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u vlaovljzpf pmtkyf pmrsufESm 81-ü a&;om;xm;aom-
]]0wfxnfzsOfpif;udk ouFef;[k rcGJjcm;awmhbJ t0wf[lí wpfom;wnf; jrifMuavNyD/
olawmfaumif;wkdU&JU qHyifwnf;[laom tarG;onf jrif;NrD;xuf ydkí tema&m*gudk
aysmufuif;apEkdifonf[laom Oyg'gefudkvnf; ,ckacwfü awmfvSefMuavNyD/ ,cktcgü
jrifhjrwfaom"mwfawmfarGawmf ponfwkdUudk bmoma&; trIdufo½dkufrsm; jzpfonf[k uREkfyfwkdU
aocsmxifxif odjrifMuukefNyD}}
[laom pum;udkvnf;aumif;-
OD;0go0u 16-4-76 aeUn ajrmif;jrûrdU or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if OD;ppfwif\ aetdrfw&m;yGJü
a[majymaom ]]a½Twd*Hk[m bk&m;r[kwfbl;uG/ trSefawmh ocsØKif;ukef;uG}} [laom
a[majymcsufudkvnf;aumif; xkwfjyMuí OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\aemufvkdufwkdUonf "mwfawmfarGawmf
apwDykxkd;rsm;udk bmoma&;trIdufo½dkufrsm;tjzpf uJh&JU½Iwfcs a[majyma&;om;MuaMumif;? omoemawmf
roefY½Sif; rwnfwHh rjyefYyGm;atmif zsufqD;aom rdpäm0g'om jzpfaMumif; apm'emMuonf/
2/ ¤if;apm'emESifh ywfoufí pk'dwuq&mawmf (4) yg;wkdUuvnf;aumif;? OD;a½TjynfhESifh
OD;cif[efwkdUuvnf;aumif; acsyjcif; rûybJaecJhMuonf/ ocifjrwfqkdifu aom"emwifoGif;&mwGif
]]t½dk;aumufyGJonf ½GmolwkdU tvkyf? ykxkZOfwkdU tvkyfomjzpfí t&d,mwkdU tvkyf r[kwf}}
ponfjzifhvmaom t*kFwådK&f a"m0eokwf? ]]awmawmif t&H udk;uG,f&m[lorQwkdUonf ab;uif;aom
udk;uG,f&mr[kwf/ ,if;wkdUukd udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;jzifh 'ku©cyfodrf;rS rvGwfajrmufEkdif}} [laom "r®y'?
"mwfav;yg;tpk oufoufomjzpfaom t&mwkdUudk ESpfoufjcif;onf 'ku©udk ESpfoufonfrnf\
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roifhavsmf}} paom cE¨0*¾oH,kwf 0uúvdokwf? ]]jrif½HkrQjzifh owå0gtm; pifMu,f\[k qkdaomf/y/
xkdokdUqkdoludk rdpäm'd|d[k qkd&m\}} [laom okwåedygwf ok'¨|uokwfwkdUudk xkwfjyxm;\/
xkdokdU xkwfjyjcif;jzifh xkdokwfwkdUt& "mwfawmfarGawmf apwDawmfrsm;udk ylaZmfjcif;onf
tusdK;r½Sd? bmoma&; trdIufo½dkufrsm;[kyif q&mYenf;wl wynfhuvnf; xifjrif,lq[ef ½Sdayonf/

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a"m0eokwf t"dyÜm,frSef
3/ t*Fkwå&edum,f 'ouedygwf a"m0eokwf 431-2 ü ]]wÍöacg {wH bdu©a0 a"m0eH [DeH
*r®H aygxkZÆeduH te&d,H}} ponfjzifh a[mawmfrl&m ]]xkdt½dk;aq;yGJonf ,kwfnhH\/ ½GmolwkdU\
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t*kFwå&t|uxm? wwd,? 335-ü-
]]wo®ð [d Zeya' /y/ wawm eu©wåH uDVEÅd}} [k zGifhjy\/
t"dyÜm,fum;- ]]xkd'u©Pdwkdif; Zeyk'fü vlwkdUonf rdrdwkdU aqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm; aovQif rD;r½IdUbJ
wGif;wl;jr§Kyf xm;Mu\/ ykyfaomtcg t½dk;wkdUudk azmfxkwfaq;aMumMuí yef;eHUomwkdUjzifh ylaZmfyoMuNyD;
eu©wfyGJobif a&mufaomtcg xkdt½dk;wkdUudk ,lí idka<u;Muukef\/ xkdUaemuf eu©wfyGJobif
upm;Muonf}} [k qkdvdkonf/ xkdodkU zGifhjycsuft& t½dk;aq;yGJü vlomrefjzpfaom aqGrsdK;om;csif;wkdU\
t½dk;jzpfí bk&m; &[EÅm olawmfaumif;BuD;rsm;\ "mwfawmf arGawmfrsm;ESifh rqkdifay/ xkdpum;rSef\/
'DCedum, r[m0*¾ygVd r[my&dedAÁmeokwf 117? t*kFwå& edum, pwkuúedygw xlyg&[okwf 567-
wkdUü-
jrwfpGmbk&m;?
yapöuAk'¨g?
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t&d,mwynfh?
pMu0aw;rif;?
þav;OD;udkom apwDxkdufonf[k a[mawmfrlí aoqHk;olyk*¾dKvfwkdif;udk (oDv½Sdaom
ykxkZOf&[ef;udkaomfrS) apwDxkdufonf[k ra[mcJh&um; apwDrxkdufaom aqGrsdK;om;csif;wkdU\ t½dk;ESifh
apwDxkdufaom bk&m; &[EÅm ponfwkdU\ "mwfawmfrsm;udk xyfwlxyfrQ r,lqoifhay/
4/ apwDrxkdufaom vlomrefwkdU\ t½dk;udk ylaZmf&mü tusdK;r½Sdaomfvnf; apwDxkdufaom
"mwfawmfarGawmfwkdUukd ylaZmf&müum; tusdK;rsdK;pGm ½Sd\/ tusdK;½SdaMumif;rSm-
,xm acg tmeE´ &anm puú0wådó o&Da& y#dyZÆEÅd? /y/ awoH wH b0dówd 'DC&wåH
[dwm, okcg, ('D? 2? 117)
[laom 'DCedum, r[m0*¾ygVdjzifh xif½Sm;\/
jrefrmjyef
]]tmeE´m ... pMu0aw;rif;\ tavmif;ü aqmif½GufukefouJhodkU xkdUtwl jrwfpGmbk&m;\
tavmif;awmfüvnf; aqmif½Guftyfay\/ vrf;rav;cGqHk&mü jrwfpGmbk&m;\ apwDukd
wnfxm;tyfay\/ xkdapwDü tMuifolwkdUonf yef;udkjzpfap? eHUomudk jzpfap? eHUomrIefUukdjzpfap
wifrlvnf; wifukefvwåHU/ ½Sdckd;rlvnf; ½Sdckd;ukefvwåHU/ pdwfjzifhrlvnf; MunfñdkukefvwHh/

tpodkU
xkdokdUûyjcif;onf MumjrifhpGmaomumvywfvHk; xkdolwkdUtm; pD;yGm;csrf;omtvkdUiSmjzpfvwHh}} ('D? jref? 2?

136)
xkdokdU a[mawmfrlonfhtwkdif;yif bk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlNyD;aemuf tZmwowfrif; paom
Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdU apwDwnfxm;MuyHkudk-
]]tx acg &mZm rm*a"m}} ponfjzifh r[m0*¾ygVdawmf r[my&dedAÁmeokwf 137-ü
a[mawmfrl\/
¤if;ygVdawmft& jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlNyD;aemuf-
(1) &mZû*d[fjynfü tZmwowfrif; wnfxm;aom o&D&apwD?
(2) a0omvDü vdpä0Drif;wkdU wnfxm;aom o&D&apwD?
(3) uydv0wfü omuD0ifrif;wkdU wnfxm;aom o&D&apwD?
(4) tv’uyÜü AkvDrif;wkdU wnfxm;aom o&D&apwD?
(5) &mr½Gmü aumvd,rif;wkdU wnfxm;aom o&D&apwD?
(6) a0|'Dywkdif;ü ¤if;wkdif;om; ykPÖm;wkdU wnfxm;aom o&D&apwD?
(7) yg0gjynfü rv’mrif;wkdU wnfxm;aom o&D&apwD?
(8) ukodem½Hkü rv’mrif;wkdU wnfxm;aom o&D&apwD?
(9) a'gPykPÖm; wnfxm;aom wkrÁapwD?
(10) arm&d,rif;wkdU wnfxm;aom t*Fg&apwD-
[lí apwDq,fql ½SdcJhzl;aMumif; od&onf/ (r[m0*¾ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef 159-160) xkdUjyif
rdvdEýO§mygVdawmf 323? (¤if;-jrefrmjyef 346)ü-
]]jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t*Fgudk;yg;ESifh jynfhpHkaom pum;awmfonfvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmfpm;
jzpfukefaom O'´dóapwD "mwkkapwDwkdUonfvnf;aumif;? oHk;aqmifawmfrltyfaom oydwf? ouFef;
paom y&dabm*apwDwkdUonfvnf;aumif;? oHCm&wemonfvnf;aumif; ukefrsdK;pHka&mif;aom aps;½Hk
rnf\/ xkdaps;½Hkü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ZmwdorÜwådtp edAÁmefcsrf;omESifh jynfhpHkrI [laom
edAÁmeorÜwådwkdifatmifaom ukefrsdK;pHkwkdUukd jzefUcif;xm;tyf\/ xkdaps;½Hkü xkdxkd ukefwkdUukd
tcsdKUolwkdUonf oDvaqmufwnfjcif;jzifh 0,f,lMuukef\/ tcsdKUu OykofuHjzifh 0,f,lMuukef\}} [k
apwDawmfwkdUudk ukefaps;½HkBuD;ESifh EIdif;í jyqkdxm;onf/
þygVdawmfwkdUukd axmufuvnf; "mwfawmfylaZmfjcif;onf tusdK;½Sdonf/ 'u©dPZeyk'fü
aqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm; aoNyD;aemuf ûyvkyfMuaom t½dk;aq;yGJuJhokdU tusdK;r½Sdr[kwfaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/
a"m0eokwfvmpum; t&dyft>rufrQudk ,lí vlomreft½dk;ESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmfudk wpfwef;pm;wnf;
twlwl,lqum ypfy,fjcif; rûyoifh? oAÁñkbk&m;½SifESifh ykxkZOfvlomrefwkdUukd xyfwlxyfrQxm;NyD;

tpodkU
pOf;pm;aeMuojzifhom ,ckuJhokdU "mwfawmf arGawmf rylaZmfaumif;[k t,lwdrf;apmif;Mujcif;jzpfonf/

bk&m;½Sifonf wpfavmuvHk;xufjrwfonf[k ,lqvdkuf½Hkjzifhyif þjyóem r½Sdawmhay/
5/ "r®y'ü vmaom t*¾d'wåjAm[®P0w¬K t"dyÜm,frSefukd qkdOD;tHh-
]]awmifudk udk;uG,f&m[k qnf;uyfMu/ awmudk t&Hudk opfyifukd udk;uG,f&m[k qnf;uyfMu/
xkd awmawmif t&H opfyifwkdUukd udk;uG,f&m[k qnf;uyfvQif 'ku©cyfodrf;rS vGwfrnf}} [k qHk;rMo0g'
ay;aeaom t*¾d'wåykPÖm;tm; jrwfpGmbk&m;u xkdawm awmif t&H opfyifwkdUonf ab;uif;aom
jrwfaom udk;uG,f&m r[kwf? 'ku©cyfodrf;rS rvGwfEkdif[kvnf;aumif;? bk&m; w&m; oHCmwkdUonf
ab;uif;aom jrwfaom udk;uG,f&mjzpf\/ 'ku©cyfodrf;rS vGwfEkdif\[lí vnf;aumif; "r®y't|uxm
'k-159-ü a[mawmfrlonf/ ¤if; a'oemawmfü-
(u) 188-189 *gxmwkdUjzifh ab;uif;&m r[kwfaom awmawmif t&H opfyif paom
ukd;uG,f&mudk vnf;aumif;?
(c) 190-191-192 *gxmwkdUjzifh ab;uif;&m jzpfaom bk&m; w&m; oHCm- [laom
udk;uG,f&mudk vnf;aumif; a[mawmfrlonfukd awGU&\/
pk'wdwuyk*¾dKvf\ aom"emvTmü (u) trSwfjy ab;uif;&m r[kwfaom udk;uG,f&mwkdUukdom
xkwfjyí (c) trSwfjy ab;uif;&m jzpfaom udk;uG,f&mwkdUukd csefxm;cJhNyD; ]]þodkU udk;uG,f&m[lorQudk
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;jzifh 'ku©cyfodrf;rS rvGwfEkdif}} [k udk;uG,f&mtm;vHk; odrf;usHK;í a[monfhtaejzifh
r½dk;rom; jyqkdxm;onf/ trSefrSm bk&m; w&m; oHCm [laom udk;uG,f&mwkdUonf ab;uif;aom
jrwfaom udk;uG,f&mwkdUom jzpfMuonf/ "mwfawmf arGawmfwkdUukd ½dScdk;ylaZmfjcif;onf (u) trSwfjy
awm awmif t&H opfyifwkdUukd udk;uG,fjcif;rsdK; r[kwfrlí (c) trSwfjy bk&m; w&m; oHCm
udk;uG,fjcif;rsdK;üomvQif tusHK;0ifonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf "mwfawmf arGawmf wkdUukd
ylaZmfolrsm;onf bk&m;½Sif\ aus;Zl;awmf *kPfawmfwkdUukdom &nfpl;í ylaZmfMuaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
xkdUaMumifh ¤if;"r®y'ygVdawmft&vnf; "mwfawmfarGawmf apwDawmfwkdUukd rylaZmf&[k t"dyÜm,frxGuf?
ylaZmfoifh onf/ ylaZmfaumif;onf[líom t"dyÜm,f xGufayonf/
6/ ed'geoH,kwf tbdeEéokwfü ]]yx0D"mwfudk ESpfoufaomolonf 'ku©udk ESpfoufonf
rnf\/ 'ku©ukd ESpfoufaomolonf 'ku©rS rvGwf}} [k a[mawmfrl\/ tmayg"mwf awaZm"mwf
0ga,m"mwfukd ESpfoufoludkvnf; xkdenf;twkdif; a[mawmfrl\/
xkdokdU "mwfav;yg;udk ESpfoufolrsm;udkom xkdokdU a[monfr[kwf/ ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg&
0dnmPf[laom cE¨mig;yg;wkdUukd ESpfoufolwkdUudkvnf; xkduJhodkUyif a[mawmfrl\/
(cE¨0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf tbdeEéokwf/ 26)

tpodkU
pu©K aomw Cme Zd0Sg um, re ½ly o'´ *E¨ &o azm|AÁ "r® [laom tm,we 12-
yg;wkdUukd ESpfoufolwkdUudkvnf; xkduJhodkUyif 'ku©rS rvGwf[k a[mawmfrl\/
(oVm,we0*¾oH,kwåygVd-246)/
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf ocifjrwfqkdifonf jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmf ylaZmfjcif;udk rvdkvm;ojzifh
"mwfawmfylaZmfjcif;ü tjypfjyvkd&um; "mwfawmfESifh qifwl½kd;rSm; jzpfatmif "mwfav;yg;udk
a[maomokwfudkom xkwfjyxm;[ef wlayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; tvdkawmfrSm yx0D paom
"mwfav;yg;omru cE¨mig;yg; tm,we 12-yg;udk ESpfoufolrsm;udkyg a[mxm;ay\/
trSefpifppftm;jzifh ESpfoufjcif; (wpfenf;) wyfrufpGJvrf;jcif;[lorQonf wPSm&m*omjzpfí
rnfonfhw&m;udkrQ ESpfoufpGJvrf;rI rûyoifhay/ "mwfawmfwkdUudk ½Sd;ckd;ylaZmfjcif;um; cE¨m
tm,we"mwfwkdUudk wPSm&m*jzifh ESpfoufpGJvrf;jcif;rsdK; r[kwf? "mwfawmfwkdUü o'¨gw&m;jzifh pdwfukd
Munfvifapí ylaZmfjcif; Munfñdkjcif;om jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh tbdeEéokwft&vnf; "mwfawmfrsm;udk
rylaZmfaumif;? rylaZmfoifh[laom teuf t"dyÜm,f rxGufay/
7/ wpfzefvnf; cE¨0*¾oH,kwf 0uúvdokwfü ]]0uúvd ... oifhrSm þtykyfaumifudk
Munfh½Iaejcif;jzifh tb,f tusdK;½SdtHhenf;}} ponfjzifh a[mawmfrlonfrSm þodkU jzpfonf-
0uúvdonf jrwfpGmbk&m; qGrf;cH<upOf zl;jrif&í jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ½lyum,awmf jynfhpHk
wifhw,frIudk Munfh½Ií tm;r&Ekdifjzpfum jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd tNrJwap Munfh½Iae&jcif;iSm &[ef;ûycJhonf/
&[ef;ûyNyD;aemuf tpmtm[m& pm;oHk;csdefukdxm;í useftcsdefrsm;ü o&ZÑm,fjcif; ur®|mef;ESvHk;oGif;jcif;
ponfrûybJ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk jrifEkdifavmufaomt&yfüaeí Munfh½Izl;jrifvsufom aeavonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf o'¨gvGefuJí ynmÓPfenf;yg;vSaom 0uúvd&[ef;tm; todÓPf r&ifhusufao;rD
wpfpHkwpf&m ra[majymao;bJ todÓPf &ifhusufvmaomtcgrS ]]uð aw 0uúvd £rdem ylwduma,e
'da|e? 0uúvd ... oifhrSm þtaumifykyfudk Munfh½Iaejcif;jzifh tb,ftusdK; ½SdtHhenf;}} ponfjzifh
a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/ ("r®y't|uxm? 'k? 380? t*Fkwå&t|uxm? y? 195/)
þodkU &[ef;w&m; ur®|mef; ryGm;rsm;bJ tcsdefûzef;aeonfudk wm;jrpfí w&m;½IrSwfyGm;rsm;ap&ef
a[maomokwf jzpfayonf/ yk*d¾Kvftm;vHk;tm; bk&m;rzl;& wm;jrpfawmfrlonf r[kwfay/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd rqkdxm;bd oDv orm"d ynm ½Sdaom zl;jrifjcif;onfyif tusdK;aus;Zl; rsm;pGm
½SdaMumif;udk-
a, aw bdu©a0 bdu©L oDvorÜEém orm"dorÜEém ynmorÜEém /y/ 'óerÜm[H bdu©a0
awoH bdu©LeH A[kyum&H 0'grd (ck?1?267)
[k £wd0kwfygVdawmfü a[mawmfrlonf/
xkdUjyif t*kFwå&edum,f t|uedygwf r[memrokwf ESm-56-ESifh ZD0uokwf ESm-58 ü ]]rdrdvnf;
&[ef;wkdUudk zl;jrifjcif;iSm tvdk½Sdí olwpfyg;wkdUudkvnf; &[ef;wkdUukd zl;jrif&ef wkdufwGef;aom Oygoum

tpodkU
('g,um)onf rdrdtusdK; olwyg;tusdK; ESpfrsdK;vHk;udk usifhaqmifolrnf\}} (tif?jref?3?57-8) [k

a[mawmfrl\/
t*kFwå&edum,f? wduedygwf? wd|meokwfüvnf;-
'óeumarm oDv0wH? o'¨r®H aomwkrdpäwd/
0dea, rapä&rvH? o a0 oa'¨gwd 0kpöwd (tH?1?149)/
[k a[mawmfrl\/
jrefrmjyef
(tMuifyk*¾dKvfonf) oDvESifh jynfhpHkolwkdUukd zl;jrifvdk\/ olawmfaumif;w&m;udk emMum;vdk\/
0efwkdjcif;[laom tnpftaMu;ukd y,fazsmuf\/ xkdoludk pifppf o'¨gw&m;ESifh jynfhpHkaomol[k
qkdtyf\ (tif?jref?1?167)/
&[ef;awmfwkdUukd zl;jrif&jcif;ukd aumif;usdK;w&m; wkd;yGm;aMumif; r*Fvmwpfyg;taejzifh
orPmeÍö 'óeH (&[ef;wkdUtm; zl;jrifjcif;onf r*Fvmrnf\) [k ck'úygXygVd r*Fvokwf ESm-4?
okwåedygwygVd r*Fvokwf ESm-319 wkdUü a[mawmfrl\/ xkdUaMumifh bk&m;½Sifukd xm;bdOD;? bk&m;
wynfht&d,mom0u oDv0EÅ ykxkZOfjzpfaom &[ef;awmfwkdUukd zl;jrif&jcif;onfyif
aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk jzpfapwwfaom r*Fvmwpfyg;jzpfaMumif; a[mawmfrl\/ þtwlyif t*kFwå&ygVd
quúedygw tEkwå&d,okwf ESm 286-ü jrwfpGmbk&m;udkvnf;aumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynfhom; om0u
&[ef;awmfwkdUukdvnf;aumif; zl;ajrmf&jcif;onf 'óemEkwå&d, (jrif&jcif;wumwkdUwGif tjrwfqHk;aom
jrif&jcif;) jzpfí owå0gwkdUtzkdU pifMu,faMumif;? aomuy&da'0 uif;Nidrf;aMumif;?
'ku©a'greóNidrf;aMumif;ESifh r*f zkdvf edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufûy&aMumif; aumif;jrwfaomw&m; jzpfonf[k
a[mawmfrlxm;ayonf/
8/ "mwfawmf arGawmf apwDawmfwkdUukd zl;ajrmfjcif;onf jrif½HkrQ tqif;oP²mefukd od½HkrQjzifh
pifMu,f\/ qif;&Jukd vGefajrmufEkdif\[k ,lqonf r[kwf? xkdodkU ,lqí zl;jrifjcif; ylaZmfjcif;
r[kwfaomaMumifh okwåedygwf ok'¨|uokwfESifhvnf; rqefYusifay/
pifppf "mwfawmf apwDawmf ylaZmfjcif;um;-
tom'd,EÅaó0 wxm*wó a'0rEkóm "mwk&weH 0w¬HK u&dwGm 0xm*wó
ÓP&wem&r®aPe or®my#dywåð ao0EÅm wdaóm orÜwåda,m y#dvbEÅd (ck?11?103)/
jrefrmjyef
]]rom,monfjzpfí jrwfpGmbk&m;\ "mwfawmf&wemudk ewfvlwkdUonf wnf&mrSD&m ûyvsuf
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ÓPfawmf&wemudk tm½Hkûyojzifh aumif;aom tusihfukd rSD0Jukefonfjzpfí vl ewf edAÁmef
oHk;wefaom csrf;om pnf;pdrfwkdUukd &½Sdukef\ (ck?jref?112) rdvdEýO§m ygVdawmf jrefrmjyefü

tpodkU
jyqkdxm;onfhtwkdif; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ "mwfawmf&wemudk trSDûyum ÓPfawmf *kPfawmfwkdUukd

tm½HkûyvQif aumif;jrwfaom or®my#dywfjzpfí edAÁmefwkdif tusdK;&onfom jzpfayonf/
xkdUjyifvnf;-
]]apwd,H 0g aAm"ð 0g 'doGmyd [d Ak'¨g&r®PH oHC'óaee oHCm&r®PH yDwð OyÜga'wGm
wa'0 c,awm 0,awm or®oaEÅm t&[wåH ygykPmwd}}-
[k oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxm 166? rlvyPÖmot|uxm?y? 258-wkdUü zGifhjy
enf;ñTefxm;onfhtwkdif; apwDukd jzpfap? aAm"dyifukd jzpfap? zl;jrifí jrwfpGmbk&m;vQif tm½Hk½Sdaom yDwd
jzpfay:vm\/ ,if;yDwdukd c,0,tedpö (ukefqHk; ysufpD;aom) tm;jzifh oHk;oyfaomfvnf;aumif;?
oHCmawmfukd zl;jrif&í oHCmh*kPfvQif tm½Hk½Sdaom yDwdukd c,0,tedpö[lí oHk;oyfaomfvnf;aumif;
t&[wåzkdvfodkUyif a&mufEkdif\/ þokdUvQif pdwfxm;aumif;í zl;jrifwwfol ÓPf½SdolwdkUtwGuf
t&[wåzkdvfwkdifatmif tusdK;&onfrSm ,HkrSm;zG,f rvdkay/ pdwfxm;raumif;í rzl;jrifwwfol?
ÓPfr½SdoltwGufum; tusdK;r&onfjyif tjypfyif jzpfwwfayonf/
om0w¬djynfü wpfcgrQ ray;vªzl;aomaMumifh t'dEéykAÁu rnfaom ykPÖm;\om; r|uk@vDonf
tema&m*g&í aocgeD;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; zl;jrif&í Munfñdkaompdwfjzpfum vuftkyfcsDrkd; ½Sdckd;cJhav\/
xkdukodkvfaumif;rIudkûyí wm0wðomewfjynfokdU a&muf&aMumif;ukd 0drme0w¬KygVdawmf 115?
0drme0w¬Kt|uxm 303-4 ü jyqkd xm;onf/
onfrSwyg;vnf; þurÇmrSjyefía&wGufaomf urÇmoHk;aomif;xufü okar"jrwfpGmbk&m;
yGifhawmfrl\/ okar"jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpH&mtcgü vlwkdUonf bk&m;½Sif\ "mwfawmfwkdUukd
&wemapwD wnfxm;Mu\/ trsdK;om;wpfa,mufonf "mwfawmf apwDawmfudk ylaZmfí
olwpfyg;wkdUukdvnf; ylaZmf&efwkdufwGef;\/ xkdtrsdK;om; wm0wðomewfjynfodkU a&muf&aMumif;ukd
0drme0w¬K ygVdawmf 112-3? 0drme0w¬Kt|uxm 310-1-ü jyqkdxm;onf/ apwDawmfonf
ukodkvfûyvkyf&mXme ukodkvfa½Ttkd; jr§KyfESH&mXmewpfckjzpfonf[k ck'úygXygVd ed"du@okwfü
apwd,rSd p oHaC 0g? yk*¾av twdxDok 0g/
rmw&d ydw&d pmyd? taxm aZ|rSd bmw&d (ck?1?10)
apwDawmfü jzpfap? oHCmawmfü jzpfap oDv½Sdaom yk*¾dKvfü jzpfap? c&D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm;ü
jzpfap trd tz toufBuD;ol tpfukd OD;BuD; OD;av;ü jzpfap ukodkvfa½Ttkd;udk jr§KyfESHvQif aumif;aom
jr§KyfESHjcif;rnf\[k a[mawmfrl\/
apwDawmf "mwfawmfwkdUukd ylaZmfaomolwkdUonf aumif;usdK;csrf;om&ouJhokdU apwDawmf
"mwfawmf ylaZmfjcif;udk uJh&JUaomolwkdUonfvnf; qif;&J'ku© a&mufMu&avonf/ &mZû*d[fjynfü
ol<u,fwpfa,muf\ r,m; orD;ESifh acR;rwkdUonf Munfñdkaompdwfjzifh "mwfawmfylaZmfrnf[k yef;eHUom
ponf,líoGm;&ef jyifqif&m ol<u,fu ]]t½dk;awGudk ylaZmfjcif;jzifh bmtusdK;½Sdrnfenf;}} [k

tpodkU
Ncdrf;ajcmufwm;jrpfum "mwfawmfylaZmfjcif;udk uJh&JUcJhavonf/ xkdrdef;rwkdUonf ol<u,f\pum;udk

rem,lbJ "mwfawmfylaZmfjcif;ukd ûyMu\/ uG,fvGefMuaomtcg ol<u,fu NydwåmbHküjzpfí ¤if;\ r,m;
orD;ESifh acR;rwkdUu ewfjynfü jzpf&avonf/ (ayw0w¬K t|uxm-197) xkdtaMumif;udk ¤if;Nydwåmu
t½Sifr[muóytm; ]]wynfhawmfonf yef;eHUomwkdUudk aqmif,lum apwDawmfokdU oGm;aom r,m;
orD;ESifh acR;rwkdYukd wm;jrpfí "mwfawmfylaZmfrIukd uJh&JUcJhaomaMumifh i&JESifhwlpGm NydwåmbHkü jzpfcJh&yg\}}
[k avQmufxm;avonf/
xkdUaemuf ]]NydwåmbHkb0rS uRwfvGwfí vlUb0okdY a&mufcJhvQif apwDylaZmfrIukd rarhravsmh
txyfxyfûyygawmhrnf}} [lí vlrkdufaemufrS aemifw&aompum;udk avQmufjyefonf (ck-2? 180)/
"mwfawmf arGawmf apwDawmfwkdUukd ylaZmfí tusdK;½SdaMumif;jzifh apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdUu
0daooapm'emü wifjyaom ]]wd|aEÅ edAÁLaw pmyd}} paom 0drme0w¬KygVdawmf 66 ]]a,m ap ylaZ,s
orÁK'¨H}} paom ax&my'geygVd-168 ponfwkdUonfvnf; ckdifvHkaom om"ursm; jzpfMu\/
"mwfawmfylaZmfí tusdK;r½Sdonfhtaejzifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf wifjyaom a"m0eokwf? "r®y' tbdeEéokwf
ponfwkdUonf ygVdawmfü wkduf½dkufvmonfhtwkdif; r[kwfbJ vkd&mqGJí t"dyÜm,f,lxm;aomaMumifh
om"u rajrmufay/
0wfxnfESifh ouFef;
9/ 0wfxnfzsOfpif;udk ouFef;[k rcGJjcm;awmhbJ t0wf[lí wom;wnf; jrifMuNyD[k
vlaovljzpfq&mu y&rwftjrif &ifhoefaeonfhES,f a&;om;xm;\/ ("mwfav;yg; tpkta0;?
½kyftpkta0;[lí jrifNyD[k qkdrS y&rwftjrif aygufzG,f&m ½Sdayonf/)
cE¨m tm,we "mwkç tedpö 'ku© tewå paom pum;onf y&rwfe,fü rSefuef\/ yk*¾dKvfç
owå0gç vlç ewfç rdef;rç a,mufsm;-paom pum;onfvnf; orkwde,fü rSefuefonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onfyif or®Kwdopömudk ry,fbJ ac:a0:ajymqkd oHk;EIef; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonf/ xkdUaMumifh
oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxm 316-ponfwkdUü (oauFw0peH opöH? avmuor®Kwd u&PH) [k
ajymqkdxm;Muonf/
xkdUaMumifhyif todÓPf½SdolwkdUonf vlcsif;wlapum rdbESifh om;r,m;wef;wl rqufqHbJ
cGJjcm;um qufqHMuavonf/ 0wfxnfzsOfpif;ESifh ouFef;ukd cGJjcm;odjrifwwfum bk&m; paom
t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdU 0wf½HkaomouFef;ukd ½dkaojrwfEkd;Muonf/ bk&m;tavmif;awmf q'éfqifrif;onfyif
aomEkwådK&frkqkd;\xHü ouFef;ukd jrifaomtcg t½dktao ûycJhzl;onf/ (Zmwft|uxm? yÍör? 51/)
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU wifjyaom ]]yaE¦ 'doGme umom0H}} paom ax&my'gefygVdawmf ESm-52-ESifh
]]yAÁZdw y&dabma*g [d tm*g&dumeH apwd,|meda,m}} [laom yg&mZduu@t|uxm 'k-67
wkdUonfvnf; ouFef;udk ½kdaoav;pm; oifhaMumif; jyqkd&mü om"u ajrmufMuayonf/

tpodkU
vlaovljzpfq&m a&;ouJhokdU 0wfxnfESifhouFef; twlwljzpfvQif ax&0g'&[ef;awmfrsm;onf

rnfonfht0wfrsdK;udkrqkd 0wfaumif;ayvdrfhrnf/ trSefum; &[ef;onf vl0wfaMumif\ t0wfykqkd;
tuÐsudk r0wfoifhay/ trSefpifppfum; t0wfcsif;wlaomfvnf; rdef;ronf rdef;r\ t0wfukdom?
a,mufsm;onf a,mufsm;t0wfudkom? &[ef;onf &[ef;t0wf(ouFef;) udkom 0wf½Hkoifhonf/ 0wf½HkrS
obm0usonf/
þrQavmuf uGJjym;csufukd todÓPftoifhtwifh½Sdolrsm;yif odEkdifayonf/ ax&0g'
&[ef;awmfwkdU\ ouFef;onf jrwfpGmbk&m; ynwfawmfrlonfh 0denf;a'oemawmfESifhtnD jzwf& csKyf&
qkd;&aom t0wfrsdK; jzpfonf/ ouFef;ü ½Sdoifhaom yrmP? qkd;oifhaom qkd;&nf? &ufoifhaom
csnftrsdK;tpm; ponfwkdUukd 0denf;ü ynwfcsuf½Sd&m 0denf;udk avhvmzl;ygvQifvnf; vlUt0wfESifh
ouFef;ukd wpfom;wnf; jrifrnfr[kwfyg/
10/ aomwmyef vl'g,umu ykxkZOf &[ef;omraPwkdUudk ½Sdckd;xdkufaom taMumif;wkdUrSm
&[ef;tjzpfukd ûywwfaom tusifhw&m;ESpfq,fESifh toGiftjyif ESpfrsdK;aMumifh jzpfaMumif;? tusifhw&m;
ESpfq,frSm (1) jrwfaom w&m;ü arGUavsmfjcif;? (2) jrwfaom OykofûyrI tNrJ½Sdjcif;? (3) jrwfaom
qGrf;cHrIpaom tusifh½Sdjcif;? (4) aumif;rGefpGm 0wf½Hkaexkdifjcif;? (5) pu©K paom £aÈúdk apmifhpnf;jcif;
ponfrsm;wnf;? toGiftjyifESpfrsdK;rSm (1) zef&nfqkd;aom ouFef;ukd 0wf½Hkjcif;? (2) OD;jynf;acgif;
wHk;&dwfjcif;wkdU jzpfaMumif; rdvdEýO§mygVd 161 (¤if;jrefrmjyef? 175-6) ü jyqkdxm;onf/
xkdUjyif rdvdEýO§m jrefrmjyef 275-üyif-
]]rif;jrwf ... vl\ toGiftjyifonf rnDñGwf? vlyk*¾dKvfonf toGiftjyif tm;enf;aomaMumifh
t&[wåzkdvfodkU a&mufvQif a&mufaom xkdaeUüyif &[ef;aomfvnf; ûy&\/ y&dedAÁmefaomfvnf; ûy&\}}
[k rdefUawmfrl\/ þpum;&yfukd axmufívnf; ouFef;ü xl;jcm;aom *kPf½SdaMumif;? ouFef;ESifh
0wfxnf jcm;em;aMumif; odEkdifay\/
zkóax&fonf aemiftem*wfü &[ef; &[ef;rwkdU trltusifhudk oHa0*jzpfzG,f&m
a[mMum;xm;onfwGif ]]t*g&a0gp p umoma0? w'g awoH b0dówd}} (ax&*gxmygVd? 342)
aemiftcgü (&[ef; &[ef;rwkdUonf) t&[wå"ZouFef;ü ½dkaoMuvdrfhrnf r[kwf[k a[mawmfrlcJhonf/
,cktcgü vlaovljzpfq&mu ouFef;ukd r½dkaovkdMuolwkdU\ a½SUaqmifvrf;jyozG,f
0wfxnfzsOfpif;ukd ouFef;[k rcGJjcm;awmhbJ wpfom;wnf;jrifNyD[k vrf;rSm;ukd jyoGm;cJhavonf/
vlaovljzpfq&monf ½dkufpfa';Apf paom Ak'¨0g'D r[kwfonfh ygVdynm½Sif yk*¾dKvfrsm;u
bk&m;tjrwfqHk;0g'? bk&m; 6-ql0g'? bk&m; 25-ql0g'rsm; ay:vmjcif;onf Ak'¨\ ppfrSefaom
tewå0g'xJwGif 0d&Pac: aygif;jrufrsm; xlxyfpGm aygufvmjcif;ESifh wlonf[k Introduction to
Mahapadana Sutta ponfü a&;om;xm;aom pum;vHk;udk wkduf½dkufeD;yg; bmomjyefí

tpodkU
bmoma&;trIdufo½dkuf[k oHk;EIef;jcif;rSm Ak'¨0g' wpfomoemvHk; Ak'¨0g'D tm;vHk;wkdUukd yrmrcefU

apmfum;vdkufjcif; om jzpfayonf/
ûcHiHkoHk;oyfí qHk;jzwfjcif;
qkdtyfcJhNyD;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ûcHiHkí oHk;oyfaomf-
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf "mwfawmf arGawmf apwDykxkd;awmfrsm;udk ½Sdckd;ylaZmf&aom
udk;uG,f&aom 0g'jzpfí vlaovljzpfq&mESifh wynfhwkdU\ 0g'onf "mwfawmfarGawmf
apwDykxkd;awmfrsm;ukd r½Sdckd; rylaZmf&? trdIufo½dkuf[k ,lqaom 0g'jzpfojzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;0g'ESifh
qefUusifaomaMumifh t"r®0g' jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; tnDtñGwf qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf-2
apm'em trSwf (13)
Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHy,f 0dedpä,
Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;udk zsufqD;jcif;ESifh
ywfoufí apm'emaom"em ESpf&yfukd 0denf;"dk&f
q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf
1/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u vlaovljzpf pmtkyf pmrsufESm 127? 128 wGifygaom-
]]qDrD;tckd;wkdif n§dxGef;jcif;? ylaZmfjcif;? 'l;axmuf½dkusdK; ½Sdckd;jcif; aMu;pnf acgif;avmif; xkd;jcif;?
"r®oDcsif; usL;&ifhjcif;? *kPfawmfzwfjcif;? Oykofapmifhjcif;? qkawmif;ywåem ûyjcif;jzifh csOf;uyf&aom
ewfwkdU? bk&m;wkdU uREkfyfwkdU ,HkMunf&ef rjzpfEkdifawmhacs}} [laom a&;om;csufukd xkwfjyí ¤if;pum;t&
OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\MoZmcH or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUom;rsm;onf qDrD;ylaZmfjcif; paom
bmoma&;vkyfief;wkdUü tusdK;&onf[k r,HkMunfbJ ypfy,fjcif;jzifh Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHrsm;ukd
zsufqD;Muonf[k apm'emMu\/
2/ ¤if;apm'emudk or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUu wdwdusus acsy aom"emjcif; rûy/
ocifjrwfqkdif\ aom"emvTmü rlvyPÖmo rlvy&d,m,okwf ESm 1-rS 10-txd
tqkdtrdefUrsm;udk Munhfí ]]¤if;okwftqHk;ü &[ef;awmfrsm;u auseyfjcif; r½SdMuaMumif;udk awGU&ojzifh
jrwfpGmbk&m;rSmyif rvG,faom tcuftcJrsm; ½Sdonfjzpf&m olUtzkdU ravQmufwwfEkdifyg/ okdUaomf
wwfpGrf;orQ wifjyygrnf}} qkdí wifjyoGm;onf/ xkdpum;wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;rSmyif rvG,faom
tcuftcJrsm; ½Sdonf[k yg½Sd&m ¤if;pum;rSm acsyvdk&if; y"me r[kwfao;aomfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;tay:ü
,HkrSm;ouFm 0dpdudpämjzpfzG,fyg½Sdí pdppfa0zefOD;tHh-
3/ rlvyPÖmoygVd rlvy&d,m,okwf pmrsufESm 8-ü ]]£'ra0gp b*0g? e aw bdu©K
b*0awm bmodwH tbdeE´KEÅd=jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þa'oemawmfukd a[mawmfrlNyD/ &[ef;wkdUonf
jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlaom w&m;a'oemawmfukd rESpfoufMuukef}} (r?jref?1?10) [k vm½Sd\/
xkdokdU rESpfoufjcif;taMumif;udk rlvyPÖmo t|uxm y-wGJ pmrsufESm 58-ü ]]aw yÍöowm
bdu©L £'H b*0awm 0peH emEkarm'ðok? uo®m tnmPaue=xkd&[ef;ig;&mwkdUonf rodaomaMumifh
rESpfoufMujcif;jzpfí}} [k zGifhqkdxm;onf/ rdrdem;rvnfaom pum;udk rnfol ESpfoufygvdrfhrnfenf;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tb,fhaMumifh odjrifatmif (odjrifí ESpfoufatmif) ra[moenf;?
rvG,faom tcuftcJ ½SdaomaMumifhavm-[k ar;tHh? xkd&[ef;wkdU\rmeudk csdK;zsufatmif
rlvy&d,m,okwfudk a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfaomaMumifh xkd&[ef;wkdUÓPfjzifh rvkdufEkdifatmif rodjrifatmif
a[mawmfrljcif;jzpfonf[k ajz&m\/ csJUOD;tHh? xkd&[ef;wkdUonf jAm[®PZmwf½Sdolrsm;jzpfí

tpodkU
aA'oHk;yHkwkdUukdvnf; yg&*la&muf wwfajrmufMuav&m ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;\ y&d,wfw&m;awmfukdvnf;

cPcsif;yif wwfajrmufMuvdrfhrnf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;a[monfukd bmrqkd cPcsif; odvdrhfrnf}} [k
rcefUrav; txifa&mufum rmewufaeolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xkd&[ef;wkdU
pdwfjzpfyHkudkodí ]]þ&[ef;rsm;onf olwkdU\ rmeajimifhukd ry,fEkwfvQif r*fzkdvfukd &EkdifMurnfr[kwf}}
[k qifjcifawmfrlum xkd&[ef;wkdUrmeukd csdK;ESdrf&efyif wrifrodatmif ÓPfrrDatmif
a[mawmfrljcif;jzpfonf/ þum; rlvyPÖmo- t|uxm y-wGJ pmrsufESm 18?58-ü zGifhqkdcsufjzpf\/
xkdpum;t& jrwfpGmbk&m;twGuf rvG,faomtcuftcJrsm; r½Sd[k od&\/ xkdUaMumifh ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;rSmyif
rvG,faom tcuftcJrsm; ½Sdonf jzpf&m}} [laom ocifjrwfqkdif pum;udk trSm;pifppf[k rSwf&rnf/
ygVdawmf t|uxm #DumwkdUudk rMunfhwwfí ajcajcjrpfjrpf rodem;rvnf onfhtwGufaMumifh
vnf;aumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ao;odrfapvdkaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; ajymaompum;om jzpfonf [k
rSwf&ayonf/
,cktcg vlaovljzpfq&m\ pum;ESifh ¤if;udk axmufcHwifjyaom ocifjrwfqkdif\ aom"emvTm
pum;wkdUukd pdppfa0zefaytHh-
qDrD;tckd;wkdif n§dxGef;jcif;
4/ qDrD;tckdk;wkdif (tarT;wkdif) n§dxGef;jcif;udk vlaovljzpfq&mu y,fzsufcJh\/
ocifjrwfqkdif\ aom"emvTm üvnf; o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf? okE´&duokwf? 161-ü a[mawmfrlaom-
]]ykPÖm; ... xif;udk rD;½IdUaom oifonf rD;½IdUumrQjzifh pifMu,f\[k ratmufarhvifh?
tb,fhaMumifhenf;? xkdxif;udk rD;½IdUjcif;onf tyüom jzpfonf/ xkdpum;onf rSef\/ tMuifolonf
tyjzpfaom rD;½IdUjcif;jzifh pifMu,fjcif;udk tvdk½Sd\/ xkdoludk xkdrD;½IdUjcif;aMumifh pifMu,f\[k ynm½SdwkdU
rqkdukef}} [laom pum;&yfukd ukd;um;í rD;ylaZmfrIESifh ywfoufí jrwfpGmbk&m; tvkdr½Sd[k vnf;aumif;?
a½S;acwf xif;rD;ylaZmfrIwkdU\ ae&mwGif ,ckacwf qDrD; za,mif;wkdifwkdUjzifh tusHK;0ifygonf[k
vnf;aumif; acsyvTmwifoGif;um vlaovljzpf q&mY0g'udk axmufcHcJhonf/
þwGif a½S;acwf xif;rD;ylaZmfrIESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU\ qDrD;ylaZmfrIwkdU wl rwl pdppfvQif
vHk;0rwlaMumif; awGU&ayrnf/ a½S;u rD;ylaZmfrI (wpfenf;) rD;vkyfauR;rIrSm zGm;&maeUüjzpfaom
rD;ukd,lxm;í ¤if;rD;ukd raoap&atmif tNrJwap avmifpmxnfhí ay;NyD; axmywf? trJom;? ig; paom
pm;zG,fwkdUukd rD;xJokdUxnfhum ylaZmfjcif;rsdK; jzpf\/ {uuedygwf e*kF|Zmwf t|uxm? y? 519? 520-ü
bk&m;tavmif;awmf O'dpöjA[®PrsdK; jzpfpOfu xkdbk&m;tavmif; zGm;jrif&maeUüjzpfaomrD;udk ,lxm;NyD;
]]tu,fí tdrfüaernfqkdygu aA'oHk;yHkudk oifyg/ jA[®mhjynfokdU oGm;vdkvQifum; rD;udk,lNyD;
awmxJodkU0ifum rD;udkvkyfauR;vsuf jA[®mhjynfokdUwufyg}} [k rdbwkdUu ajymqkd&m bk&m;
tavmif;awmfonf rD;udk,lí rD;vkyfauR;vsuf aecJhavonf/ wpfaeUwGif EGm;wpfaumif&í rD;bk&m;udk
EGm;om; (trJom;) pm;aprnf[k tBuHjzpf\/ qm;rygbJ pm;Ekdifrnfr[kwf/ qm;ESihf pm;aprnf[k

tpodkU
BuHum qm;½Sm xGufcJhonf/ rkqdk;wkdUu EGm;udk owfpm;xm;av&m qm;½Sm&mrStjyef EGm;udk

owfpm;xm;onfukd awGUaomtcg ]]þ rD;bk&m;onf udk,fhzkdUjzpfaom EGm;udkrQ rapmifha½SmufEkdif? ighudk
tb,frSm apmifha½SmufEkdifvdrfhrnfenf;}} [k owd&um rD;ukd Nidrf;owfí &aoh&[ef; ûychJaMumif;
jyqkdxm;onf/
'kuedygwf oE¦0Zmwf t|uxm ('k-39)üvnf; bk&m;tavmif;ykPÖm;onf rdbwkdUu
zGm;aomaeYwGif ,lxm;aom rD;ukd ay;vdkufí xkdrD;ukd,lum vkyfauR;ylaZmfaeavonf/ wpfaeUwGif
EkdUCemudk&í þEkdUCemudk r[mjA[®mtm; ylaZmfrnftBuHjzifh rD;xJokdU xnfhcJh&mrS ]]rdrd opf½Gufrkd;ausmif;
rD;avmifaomaMumifh owd&um rD;[laom oif ol,kwfukd ig rvkdcsifawmhNyD}} [k qkdum
Nidrf;owfcJhaMumif; jyqkdxm;onf/
pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdif wifjyaom o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf? okE´&duokwfvm
okE´&dubm&'GgZ rD;ylaZmfyHkrSmvnf; jAm[®P0g't& rD;bk&m;ylaZmfrIom jzpf\/ xif½Sm;aptHh-
t*¾ð Zk[wDwd tm[kwð yu©dyae e Zmavwd/y/ ok0dao"d-awm pó jA[®avmu*grd
ra*¾gwd (oH?|?1?214)/
¤if;t|uxmt& okE´&dubm&'GgZonf rD;xJodkU ylaZmfzG,f&m? pm;aomufzG,f&mwdkUudkxnfhí
rD;½IdUcJh avonf/ xdkodkU ylaZmfNyD;aemuf <uif;usefaom Cemxrif;udk jrifí BuHpnfonfrSm
]]rD;xJodkUxnfhtyfaom Cemxrif;udk r[mNA[®monf oHk;aqmiftyfavNyD/ þ <uif;usefaom
Cemxrif;udk jA[®m\ yg;pyfrSjzpfaom jAm[®Ptm; ay;vª&vQif tza&m? om;udkyg a&mifh&Jap&m
auR;arG;&m a&mufayrnf/ jA[®mhjynfc&D;udkvnf; aumif;pGm okwfoifNyD;jzpfrnf}} [kBuHum
jAm[®Pudk½SmcJh&mrS jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh awGUjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkUaemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;u
]]ykPÖm;..xif;udkrD;½dIUaom oifonf rD;½IdUumrQjzifh pifMu,f\ [k ratmufarhvifh}} ponfjzifh
a[mawmfrlonf/
þum; a½S;acwf jAm[®PwdkU rD;ylaZmfyHk? rD;vkyfauR;yHkESifh okE´&dubm&'GgZ rD;ylaZmfyHkwnf;/
olwdkU\ ylaZmfjcif;um; rD;udkylaZmfjcif; jzpfavonf/
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU qDrD;n§dxGef;ylaZmfjcif;rSm qDrD;xJodkU wpfpHkwpf&maompm;aomufzG,f
ylaZmfzG,fwdkUudk xnfhum rD;½dIUaejcif;rsdK; r[kwf? rD;udk ylaZmfonf r[kwf? rD;xJodkUxnfhí ½dIUvdkufaom
ypönf;udk r[mjA[®mBuD; oHk;aqmifavNyDponfh t,lrsdK;vnf; r½Sd/ pifppfaomfum; ta&miftvif;udk
ay;vªonfh taejzifh qDrD;udk nd§xGef; ylaZmfMujcif; jzpfayonf/ rD;ta&miftvif;jzifh ylaZmfxdkufaom
olwdkUudk ylaZmfMujcif; jzpfayonf/
txl;rSwf&efum; - jAm[®P0g'DwdkUu rD;udk ylaZmfjcif;jzpfonf/ Ak'¨0g'DwdkUu rD;tvif;a&mifjzifh
bk&m;udk ylaZmfjzif; jzpfonf/ rD;udk ylaZmfjcif; r[kwfay? þodkU jcm;em;onf/

tpodkU
rD;xGef;&ef qD?qDrD;cGuf?za,mif;wdkif ponfwdkUonf okwåefygVdawmfwdkUü vmaom vªzG,f0w¬K

(vªaumif;aom ypönf;0w¬K) q,frsdK;teuf wpfrsdK;jzpfayonf/ cE¨0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmfü-
aom tEéH a'wd/y/ ygeH a'wd? 0w¬H a'wd? ,meH a'wd? rmvH a'wd? *E¨H a'wd? 0davyeH
a'wd? ao,sH a'wd? tm0oxH a'wd? y'Day,sH a'wd/ (oH?2?212)
xdkolonf xrif;udk ay;vª\/y/ tazsmfudk t0wfudk ,mOfudk yef;udk eHomcJudk eHomaysmif;
eHom&nfudk\ tdyf&mae&mudk tdrfç ausmif;ç Z&yfudk qDrD;xGef;&ef qDç qDrD;cGufç qDrD;pm za,mif;wdkifudk
ay;vª\/ (¤if;jrefrmjyef) xdkqDrD;xGef;&ef qDrD;cGuf za,mif;wdkif ponfudk nd§xGef;í ylaZmf vª'gef;onf
jzpfap? rnd§xGef;bJ vª'gef;onf jzpfap qDrD;tvªyifjzpf\/ nd§xGef;rI rnd§xGef;rIum; tcgtcGifhudk
axmufcsifhí oifhovdk qE´tavsmuf ûyvkyf&efyifjzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh 0drme0w¬K t|uxm-47 ü
]]''gwd y'DyEÅd y'DyH OZÆmavaEÅm 0g tEkZÆmavaEÅm 0g y'Dy'geH ''gwd}} -
[k rdefUqdk\/
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xGef;nd§íaomfvnf;aumif;/ tEkZÆmavaEÅm 0g? rxGef;nd§bJaomfvnf;aumif;/ y'Dy'geH? qDrD;tvªudk/
''gwd? ay;vª\/
o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfygVd? uð''okwf 29-ü ]]uð 'a'g a[mwd pu©Ka'g = tb,fudk ay;vªaom
olonf rsufpdudkvªonf rnfygoenf;}}[k ewfom;wpfa,mufar;avQmufonfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u
]]'Dya'g a[mwd pu©Ka'g=qDrD;udk ay;vªaom olonf rsufpdudk ay;vªonfrnf\}}[k ajzqdkawmfrlonf/
oH,kwft|uxm?y?78-ü ]]trdkufarSmif0,f rsufpdaumif;olwdkUyif tqif;udk jrif&jcif;
r½SdaomaMumifh ta&miftvif;qDrD;udk ay;vªolonf rsufpdudkvªonfrnf\/ t½SiftEk½k'¨guJhodkU
'dAÁpu©KESifh jynfhpHkjcif;udkyif &wwfonf}}[k zGifhjyxm;onf/
tarT;wdkif tcdk;txHkay;vª&jcif; tusdK;udkvnf; ax&my'gefygVdawmf jrefrmjyef 379-ü-
]]jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;vnf;aumif;? tjrwfqHk;aom *dkPf;oHCmtm;vnf;aumif; tcdk;txHkudk
ay;vªcJh&aomaMumifh igonf uHtm;avsmufywfukefaom tusdK;qufq,fyg;wdkUudk cHpm;&ay\/
b0BuD;i,fü usifvnf&onf½Sdaomf udk,fteHUarT;ol? tNcHt&Hrsm;ol? vsifaom ynm½Sdol?
ausmfapmjcif;½Sdol? xufaomynm½Sdol? ajrBuD;txkESifhwlaom ynm½Sdol? ½Tifaomynm½Sdol?
eufeJaomynm½Sdol? jyefUajymaomynm½Sdol? vsifjrefaomynm½Sdoljzpfí tcdk;txHktvª\
tpGrf;aMumifhomvQif ,cktcg at;jraom edAÁmefcsrf;omodkU a&muf&ay\}}[k jyqdkxm;\/
þrQpum;jzifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU qDrD;tarT;wdkif nd§xGef;ylaZmfjcif;onf a½S;acwf jAm[®PwdkU\
rD;vkyfauR;ylaZmfjcif;ESifh wpfrsdK;wpfjcm;pDomjzpfí a½S;acwf xif;rD;ylaZmfrIae&mwGif ,ckacwf qDrD;
za,mif;wdkifwdkU tusHK;r0ifaMumif;? qDrD;ylaZmfrIonf bk&m;tavmif; paom olawmfaumif;wdkU
jznfhqnf;yl;aom 'geyg&rDwpfrsdK;jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;onf/ ocifjrwfqdkifonf o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf?

tpodkU
okE´&duokwf\ ,xmblwuseaom t"dyÜg,fudk rodjrif r,lqwwf? bmomjyefudkzwfwwf½HkrQom½Sdí

qDrD;ylaZmfjcif;onf ta&miftvif;vªaom y'Dy'gersdK;jzpfonfudk rodaomaMumifhomvQif a½S;acwf
jAm[®PwdkU rD;ylaZmfrIESifh ,ckacwf qDrD; za,mif;wdkif ylaZmfrIudk a&maxG;,Sufwif rSwfxif ,lqrdjcif;
jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
ylaZmfjcif;
5/ ylaZmfjcif;udkvnf; vlaovljzpfq&mu y,fcJh\/ aom"emvTmü ocifjrwfqdkifu
r[my&dedAÁmeokwf0,f a[mawmfrlaom ]]yef; eHUom wl&d,mjzifh ylaZmfjcif;xuf avmukwå&mw&m;
tm;avsmfpGm usifhoHk;jcif;onfom tjrwfqHk;ylaZmfouúm&rnf\}} [laom pum;&yfudk wifjyxm;\/
vlaovljzpfq&mu yef; eHUom ponfjzifh ylaZmfjcif;[k vnf;aumif;? tusifhjzifh ylaZmfjcif;[k
vnf;aumif; txl;rcGJjcm;bJ ylaZmfjcif;[k omrnqdkxm;aomaMumifh (tmrdoylZm? "r®ylZm)
ESpfrsdK;vHk;udkyif y,f&ma&muf\/ xdkUaMumifh pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkif wifjyvmaom r[my&dedAÁmeokwfvm
tusifhjzifh ylaZmfjcif; [lonfudkvnf; vlaovljzpfq&mu y,fonf[kyif qdk&ayonf/
¤if;r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü a[mawmfrlonfrSmvnf; tjrwfqHk;jzpfaom ylaZmfouúm&udkom a[mí
qDrD;? tarT;wdkif? yef;eHUomponfjzifh ylaZmfrIudk vHk;0rûy&[k wm;jrpfawmfrlonf r[kwfay/ t*Fkwå&ygVd?
vdpä0dukrm&uokwf 68? ¤if;jrefrmjyef 83-ü
]]vuf½Hk;tm;udk;qnf;yl;í acR;'D;'D;us jzpfaptyfukefaom? w&m;ESifhavsmfukefaom? w&m;ojzifh
&tyfukefaom? x<uvHkvjzifh &tyfukefaom pnf;pdrf OpömwdkUjzifh orP jAm[®PwdkUudk t½dktao
tav;tjrwfûyaom ylaZmfaom trsdK;aumif;om;tm; BuD;yGm;wdk;wwfjcif;udkom arQmfvifhtyf\/
qkwf,kwf ysufqD;jcif;udk rarQmfvifhtyf}}[k a[mawmfrlonfudk axmufí ypönf;jzifh ylaZmfrI tmrdo
ylZmonfvnf; tusdK;rsm;aom tusifhaumif;wpfckjzpfaMumif; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
'l;axmuf ½dkusdK; ½Sdcdk;jcif;? *kPfawmf½Gwfzwfjcif;

6/ ½Sdcdk;jcif;? t½dktaoûyjcif;? *kPfawmf ½Gwfzwfjcif;wdkUudkvnf; vlaovljzpfq&mu
y,fcJh\/
pk'dwu ocifjrwfqdkifu t*FkwådK&f ½lyokwf jrefrmjyef 397-udk tusOf;csHK;wifjyNyD; ]]omoem,Ofaus;rI
tpydkif;wGif tqif;ç toHwdkU\ t&if;cHjzpfaom vlrsm;pk\ tvdkqE´tavsmuf qGJaqmifMu&onfrSm
wpfenf;tm;jzifh trsdK;om; ,Ofaus;rIyif jzpf&jcif;ygbk&m;/ omoem\ qdkvdk&if;ESifhum; wjcm;pDom
½SdaMumif;}} jzifh aom"emvTm wifoGif;\/ ½Sdcdk;jcif;? *kPfawmf ½Gwfzwfjcif;wdkUonf ¤if; ½lyokwft&
omoem\ qdkvdk&if;ESifh wjcm;pD[k acsyí vlaovljzpfq&mYpum;udk axmufcHcJhavonf/

tpodkU
xdkokwfüqdkvdkonfrSm-
(1) tqif;oP²mefudkMunfhí tqif;oP²mefaumif;aomaMumifh Munfñdkol?
(2) olwyg;wdkY\csD;rGrf;oHudk Mum;&í toHMum;Munfñdkol?
(3) acgif;yg;pGm usifhBuHaexdkifonfudk jrifí Munfñdkol?
(4) oDv orm"d ynmw&m;udk odjrifí Munfñdkol
[k yk*¾dKvf 4-rsdK; 4-pm;½Sdonf/
xdk 4-rsdK;wdkUwGif tqif;? toHudk yrmPûyol (yrmPûyíMunfñdkol)wdkYonf qE´&m* tvdkodkU
vdkufyg&í tZÑwåoEÅmefüjzpfaom *kPf? A[d'¨üjzpfaom tusifhudk rodukef? olwyg;wdkU csD;rGrf;aom
csD;rGrf;oHjzifhom arsmyg&awmh\/ tZÑwå? A[d'¨jzpfaom*kPfudk odolwdkUonfum; tqD;twm;r½Sd odjrif
onfjzpfí olwyg;wdkU csD;rGrf;oHjzifh rarsm&awmh[k qdkvdkonf/
xdkokwft& ]]oifwdkUonf oifwdkUMunfñdkaeaom tMunfñdkcHyk*¾dKvf\ ½kyftqif;oP²mefudk
jrif&½Hk? xdkyk*d¾Kvftm; olwyg;wdkU csD;rGrf;oHudk Mum;&½HkrQjzifh (½kyfjrif? oHMum;rQjzifh) ESpfouf auseyftm;&
raeMuvifhOD;/ xdkyk*d¾Kvf\ twGif;oEÅmefüjzpfaom oDv orm"d ynm*kPfESifh tyüjzpfaom
tusifhudkodatmif ûyygOD;}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m; qHk;rawmfrlvdk&if; jzpfayonf/ bk&m;½Sdrcdk;vifh? *kPfawmf
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A[d'öEÅmefüjzpfaom tusifhudk rodjrifbJ olwyg;wdkU ajymoHMum;rQjzifh Munfñdkaom olwdkUudkom
toHjzifharsmol[k qdk&onf/ bk&m;½Sdcdk;ol? *kPfawmf ½GwfzwfolwdkUudk toHjzifharsmol[k qdkonfr[kwf/
xdkUaMumifh ]]omoem\ qdkvdk&if;ESifh wjcm;pD}} [k rqdkvifh/ ocifjrwfqkdifonf ½lyokwf\
teuft"dyÜg,fudk usepGm r,lwwf aomaMumifhom xdkuJhodkU qdkrdjcif; jzpfavonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / toHt& olwyg;wdkU csD;rGrf;MuaomtoHudk ,ljcif;rSm yk*¾vynwådygVdawmf 162-vm
aCmoyÜrmPyk*¾dKvfudk tus,fjyaomygVdt& jzpfonf/
½Sdcdk;jcif;? t½dktaoûyjcif; tpOftvmonf &wemoHk;yg;udk ½dkaoav;pm;Muaom Ak'¨bmom0if
olawmfpifwdkU ûyavh½Sdaom tpOftvmaumif;wpf&yf jzpfayonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m; om0w¬djynfaepOfu tvGefrmeBuD;ojzifh rmew¬'¨rnfaom ykPÖm;onfyif
jrwfpGmbk&m; ajcawmf&if;ü 0yfpif;OD;cdkufum ½Sdcdk;NyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; ]]tb,fyk*¾dKvfwdkUü rmeudk
rûy&moenf;? tb,f yk*¾dKvfwdkUü ½dkaorI? aumif;pGm ylaZmfrIudk ûy&oenf;}} [k ar;avQmuf&m
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]trd? tz? tpfudkBuD; (tpfrBuD;)? q&mwdkUü rmeudk rûy&m? ¤if;yk*¾dKvfwdkUü ½dkaorI?
aumif;pGmylaZmfrIudk ûy&m\}}[k a[mawmfrlonf/(o*gxm0*¾oH,kwåygVd? rmew¬'ökwf-180)
aygu©&omwdykPÖm;BuD;onfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,fol OygoumjzpfNyD;aemuf
atmufygtwdkif; avQmufxm;cJhonf/

tpodkU
]],xmp b0H a*gwarm Ouú|m, tnmed Oygouukvmed OyouFrwd/y/ awoH wH

b0dówd 'DC&wåH [dwm, okcg,}} ('D? 1? 103)
]]t½Sifa*gwronf Ouú|ûrdUü tjcm;aom OygoumtdrfwdkUodkU <ua&mufawmf rlouJhodkU
aygu©&omwdykPÖm; tdrfodkUvnf; <ua&mufawmfrlyg/ xdk aygu©&omwdykPÖm;tdrfü tMuif vkvifysdK?
vHkrysdKwdkUonf t½Sifa*gwrudk t½dktao ½Sdcdk;rlvnf; ½Sdcdk;ukefvwH/ c&D;OD;êudûyrlvnf; ûyukefvwH/
ae&mudk ay;vªrlvnf; ay;vªukefvwH/ a&udk ay;vªrlvnf; ay;vªukefvwH/ pdwfudkMunfvifaprlvnf;
MunfvifapukefvwH/ xdk (odkYûyjcif;)onf MumjrifhpGmaom umvywfvHk; xdkvkvifysdK? vHkrysdKwdkU\ pD;yGm;
csrf;om tvdkUiSm jzpfygvwH}}[k avQmuf\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]uvsmPH 0kpöwd jAm[®P=ykPÖm; aumif;aompum;ukd oifqdkay\}}[k rdefUawmf
rlownf;/ ('D? jref? 1? 104)
jA[®m,kykPÖm;BuD; t½dktaoûyyHkudkvnf; rZÑdryPÖmoygVd? jA[®m,kokwfü-
]]{0H 0kawå jA[®m,k jAm[®aPm O|m,moem {uHoH Owå&mo*ø u&dwGm b*0awm
yga'ok od&om edywdwGm b*0awm yg'ged rkace y&dpkrÁwd? ygPD[d p y&dorÁm[wd}}
(r? 2? 345)/
þodkUrdefUawmfrlonf½Sdaomf jA[®m,kykPÖm;onf ae&mrSxí vuf0Jwpfzuf ykcHk;xufü
udk,f0wfudk pHy,fwifonfudkûyí jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ajcawmfwdkUü OD;wdkufum ajcawmfwdkUudk cHwGif;jzifhvnf;
pkyf\/ vufwdkUjzifhvnf; oHk;oyf\}}[k rdefUqdkxm;onf/
rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf jrefrmjyef ESm-242- üvnf; ]]þodkU ajymqdkaomf ZmPkaómPdykPÖm;onf
tvHk;pHkjzLaom jrnf;uaom&xm;rS oufqif;í ykcHk;wpfzufü udk,f0wfudkwifí jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sd&mt&yfodkY
vuftkyfudkñGwfí oHk;BudrfO'gef;pum;udk >rufqdk\}}[k rdefUqdkonf/ xdkykPÖm;>rufqdkaom O'gef;pum;rSm
,cktcg Ak'¨bmom olawmfpif trsm;wdkU\EIwfzsm;ü rMumcP ½GwfqdkMuaom ]]earm wó b*0awm
t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó}}[laom bk&m;½Sdcdk;yifjzpfonf/ *kPfawmfoHk;yk'fudk ½Gwfqdkí bk&m;½Sdcdk;jcif;yif
jzpfayonf/
tmVm0ubDvl;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh w&m;(oHCm)wdkUudk ½Sdcdk;vsuf vSnfhvnfrnf jzpfaMumif;udk
okwåedygwygVdü-
]]aom t[H 0dp&dómrd? *grm *grH yk&m yk&H/
erórmaem orÁK'¨H? "r®ó p ok"r®wH/}} (ck?1?307)
[laom*gxmjzifh ajymqdkBuHK;0g;cJhavonf/
jrefrmjyef
]]xdkigonf jrwfpGmbk&m;udkvnf;aumif;? w&m;awmf\ aumif;aomw&m;\
tjzpfudkvnf;aumif; ½Sdcdk;vsuf wpf½GmrS wpf½Gm? wpfûrdUrS wpfûrdUodkY vSnfhvnfygawmhtHh/}}

tpodkU
(ck? jref? 1? 291)

t½Sifom&dykwå&max&f\tavmif; o&'vkvif (ok½kpd&aoh)onf vnf;aumif;?
aomruax&fonf vnf;aumif;? acrmax&Donf vnf;aumif; jrwfpGmbk&m;\ *kPfawmfwdkUudk ½Gwfqdk
ylaZmfcJhaMumif; ty'geygVd/ y? 22?225/ ax&Dty'geygVd 227-wdkUü vm½Sdonf/
ed*P²em#ykwå\ wynfhjzpfcJhzl;aom Oygvdol<u,fonfvnf; -
]]"D&ó 0d*warm[ó? ybdEécDvó 0dZdw0dZ,ó/
teDCó okorpdwåó? 0k'öDvó om"kynó/
a0orEÅ&ó 0drvó? b*0awm wó om0aum[ro®d/}} (r? 2?48)
]]tuREkfyfonf jrJNrHaom ynm½Sdawmfrlaom? arm[uif;a0;awmfrlNyD;aom? ajimifhwHoif;wdkUudk
zsufqD;awmfrlNyD;aom? atmifNyD;aomatmifyGJ½Sdawmfrlaom? qif;&Juif;a0;awmfrlNyD;aom? nDrQaompdwf
½Sdawmfrlaom? BuD;yGm;aomtusifhoDv ½Sdawmfrlaom? aumif;jrwfaomynm ½Sdawmfrlaom? &m*tp½Sdaom
tqdyfudk vGefajrmufawmfrlNyD;aom? &m* tnpftaMu; uif;a0;awmfrlNyD;aom xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;\wynfh
jzpfay\ (r?jref?2?53)}} ponfjzifh oHk;yg'½Sd *gxm q,f*gxmwdkUjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;*kPfawmfwdkUudk
½GwfqdkcJhav&m olUq&mjzpfcJhzl;aom ed*P²u ]]ol<u,f..oifonf &[ef;a*gwr\ þ*kPfaus;Zl;wdkUudk
b,ftcgu zGJUqdkoDukef;xm;oenf;}}[kyif ar;jref;cJhavonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmef0ifpHNyD;aemufüvnf; t|uxm? #Dumpaom usrf;ûyyk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;onf
vnf;aumif;? usrf;ûyr[kwfaom Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpif trsm;onfvnf;aumif; bk&m;paom
&wemoHk;yg;wdkUtm; av;pm;pGmyif ½Sdcdk;cJhMuayonf/ ½Sdcdk;jcif;udky,faom vlaovljzpfq&mESifh aemufvdkuf
wpfpkwdkUonfum; rmepaom tukodkvfw&m;qdk;rsm; ESdyfpufcHae&aomaMumifhom þodkU y,frdayonf[k
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
t½dktaoûyjcif;
7/ ½dkaoxdkufaom olwdkUudk t½dktao ûyjcif;onf ]]*g&a0g p? ed0gawm p? oEÅK|d p?
uwnKwm}} paom r*Fvokwf ygVdt& aumif;usdK;w&m; wdk;yGm;aMumif; r*Fvmwpf&yf jzpfayonf/
yknud&d,0w¬K q,fyg;wdkUwGifvnf; wpfyg;tygt0if jzpfayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwdkifyif
opömav;yg;w&m;udk odNyD;p(bk&m;jzpfNyD;p) O½ka0vawm ae&OÆ&mjrpfurf; qdwfausmif;anmifyif&if;ü
aeawmfrlpOf ]]½dkaop&m? rSDcdkp&mr½SdbJaejcif;onf qif;&JvS\/ igonf tb,fodkUaom orPjAm[®Pudk
t½dktao tav;tjrwf trSDo[Jûyí ae&ygtHhenf;}}[k tBuHjzpf\/
xdkUaemuf udk,fawmfjrwfxuf omvGefí oDv? orm"d? ynm? 0drkwåd *kPfwdkUESifh jynfhpHkaom
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomoludk rawGUjrif&um; ]]igonf (ig)xdk;xGif;í odtyfaom w&m;udkyifvQif
t½dktao tav;tjrwf trSDo[Jûyí ae&rlum; aumif;ay&m\}}[k tBuHjzpf\/ tBuHjzpfNyD;aemuf

tpodkU
udk,fawmfjrwfonf udk,fwdkifxdk;xGif;odjrifaom w&m;udkyif tav;tjrwfûyí aeawmfrlcJhavonf/

(o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfygVd? *g&0okwf? 140? 141-2/ t*Fkwå&edum,ygVd?y? 328-329/ jrefrmjyef?
pwkuúedygwf? yXrO½ka0vokwf? 343-5)/
xdkUjyif t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf jrefrmjyef? t|uedygwf? oyÜK&dookwf 77-ü ]]tdrfüaeaom ynm½Sdonf
pifppftm;jzifh rsm;pGmaom vlwdkU\ tusdK;iSm jzpf\/ aeUnOfhwdkUywfvHk; ysif;&djcif;r½Sdaom ynm½Sdonf
a½S;OD;pGm trdtzwdkUtm; a½S;üûyzl;aomaus;Zl;udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhonfjzpfí taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm
ylaZmf\/ tdrf&mraxmifbJ &[ef;ûyaom jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhaomyk*d¾KvfwdkUudk t½dktaoûy\/ /y/
olawmfaumif;w&m;ü aumif;pGmwnfaom xdkolonf tvHk;pHkaom olwdkU\ tpD;tyGm;udk aqmif\/
xdkolonf 0efwdkrI ]rapä&}tnpftaMu;ukd y,fazsmufí at;Nidrf;aom avmuodkU a&muf&\}} [ka[mawmf
rl\/
xdkUjyifvnf; 0de,yd#u? plV0*¾ygVdü-
a, 0k¡ 2323 rypm,EÅd? e&m "r®ó aum0d'g/
'da| "ar®p ygoHom? orÜ&ma, p ok*¾wDwd/
aw [d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wm ygPm tnrnH o*g&0g oyÜwdóm
obm*0kwådwm 0d[&dóEdÅ/ £" acg wH bdu©a0 aomabx? ,H wkarS {0H oGmu©maw
"r®0dea, yAÁZdwm ormem tnrnH t*g&0g tyÜwdóm tobm*0kwådum 0d[a&,smx/ /y/
tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 ,xm 0k¡ 2323 tbd0g'eH ypöK|meH tOÆvdurH® omrDpdurH® t*¾goeH
ta*¾g'uH t*¾yd@H}} (0d?4?311)
[k a[mawmfrl\/
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU ... w&m;ü vdr®mí BuD;oludk ½dkaoaomvlwdkUonf rsufarSmufb0üvnf;
csD;rGrf;cH&ukef\/ aemifwrvGefb0üvnf; aumif;&m*wd½Sd ukef\/
&[ef;wdkU ... wd&pämefjzpfaom owå0gwdkUonfyifvQif tcsif;csif; ½dkaojcif;? udkif;ñGwfjcif;?
oabmwl toufarG;jcif;½Sdvsuf aeukefao;\/ &[ef;wdkU ... þodkU aumif;pGma[mtyfaom "r®0de,ü
&[ef;ûyMuukefvsuf tcsif;csif; r½dkrao? rudkif;rñGwf? oabmwl toufrarG;bJ aeMujcif;onf
wifhw,fyg rnfavm/ /y/
&[ef;wdkU ... oDwif;BuD; tpOftwdkif;½Sdcdk;jcif;? c&D;OD;êudjcif;? vuftkyfcsDjcif;? t½dktaoûyjcif;?
ae&mOD; a&OD; qGrf;OD;wdkUudk cGifhûyawmfrl\/(plV0*fygVdawmf? jrefrmjyef-316)
"r®y'ygVdawmfüvnf; ½Sdcdk;jcif;? t½dktaoûyjcif;\ tusdK;udk-
tbd0g'eoDvdó? edpHö 0k¡2323 ypm,daem/
pwåma&m "r®m 0¡2323EÅd? tm,k 0aPÖm okcH AvH/ (ck?1?29)

tpodkU
[ka[mawmfrl\/
NrefrmNyef
tNrJ ½Sdcdk;avh½Sdí rdrdxuf *kPf touf odu©mtm;jzifh BuD;aomolwdkUü t½dktaoûyavh½Sdol
wdkUtm; touf½Snfjcif;? tqif;vSjcif;? csrf;omjcif;? cGeftm;BuD;jcif;[laom þtusdK;xl;w&m;
av;yg;wdkUonf wdk;yGm;ukef\/
þygVdawmf jrefrmjyefrsm;udkaxmufí rdrdxuf touf odu©m *kPfBuD;rm;aom olwdkUudk
t½dktao ûyjcif;onf bk&m;tavmif;paom olawmfaumif;wdkU\ aumif;aomtpOftvm? tusdK;rsm;aom
tusifh wpfyg; jzpfonf/ vlaovljzpfq&mESifh ol\ wynfhwdkUonfum; xdkt½dktaoûyjcif; tpOftvm
"avh xHk;pHudk wGef;vSefy,fzsufcJhojzifh tpOftvmaumif;wpf&yfudk csdK;jzwfaomolrsm;jzpfonf[k
a0zefawmf rlMuonf/
aMu;pnf? acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;
8/ vlaovljzpfpmtkyf 128-vm aMu;pnf? acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;udk jypfwifajymqdkjcif;ESifh
ywfoufívnf; Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwdkU\ aMu;pnfwD;jcif;? acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;wdkUü &nf½G,fcsuf
3-csuf yg0ifaMumif; odxm;Mu&ef oifhonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm-
(u) &[ef;awmfwdkUtwGuf oHCmpnf;a0;jcif;?
(c) &[ef;? ½Sif? vl? ukodkvf½SifwdkUtwGuf ywåd'ge yknud&d,0w¬Kûyjcif;ESifh
(*) o'´'geûyjcif;wdkUyif jzpfonf/
(u) jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufu &[ef;awmfwdkUonf aeUtcsdefwGif rdrdwdkU\ 'd0gXmeac:
aeUoefU&m ae&mwdkUü wpfyg;csif;aeí w&m;tm;xkwfMuonf/ wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg;
pum;ajymqdkjcif; r½SdMuacs/ wpfpHkwpf&m taMumif;udpö½SdvQif odkUr[kwf wpfyg;yg;
rusef;rrmjzpfvQif ausmif;wvif;tv,fwGif qGJxm;aom ausmufpnf? pnfBuD;?
acgif;avmif;ponfwdkUudk wD;&onf? xdk;&onf/ xdkausmufpnf acgif;avmif;oHudk
Mum;&vQif rdrd\'d0gXmewdkUrS xGufum pnf;a0;&m nDrl&m wefaqmif;odkU tm;vHk;<uvm
Mu&onf/ þtaMumif;udk "r®y't|uxm? yxrtkyf? tnw&bdu©K0w¬K (ESm-184)?
oHudpöomraP&0w¬K (ESm-427)wdkUü tus,f Munfh½IEdkifayonf/
,if;wdkUudk trSDûyí ,cktcgüvnf; oHCmpnf;a0; nDrl&mjzpfaom pmcsjcif;?
bk&m;0wfwwfjcif;? oHCmpnf;a0;jcif;wdkUü aMu;pnf? acgif;avmif;? tkef;armif;?
ausmufpnfwdkUudk wD;acgufxdk;ESufjcif; tpOftvm jzpfae&ayonf/
(c) xdkrSwpfyg; Ak'¨bmom olawmfpifwdkUonf rdrdwwftm;orQ 'ge ûyMuaomtcg xdk'ge\
tusdK;tmedoifudk rdrdrSwpfyg; rdb? q&morm;tpxm;í owå0ga0ae,swdkUtm;

tpodkU
trQa0Mu&NrJjzpfonf/ ,if;rSmvnf; yknud&d,0w¬KwdkUwGif wpfyg;yg0ifonfh

ywåd'geyknud&d,0w¬K jzpfayonf/ þodkU trQa0&mü EIwfjzifh >rufqdk½HkrQESifh
tm;r&MubJ aMu;pnf? acgif;avmif;? tkef;armif;? ausmufpnfwdkUudk wD;cwf
xdk;ESufMuNrJyif jzpfavonf/ olawmfpifyk*d¾Kvfwdkif;yif aMu;pnf? acgif;avmif;oHwdkUudk
Mum;&vQif ywåmEkarm'emrI om"ktEkarm'em ûyMuNrJyifjzpf&m Ak'ömoemawmf\
xHk;wrf;pOfvm vGefpGmodrfarGUaom "r®oabmrsm;jzpfojzifh tn0g'DwdkUESifhrqdkif? udk,fydkif
Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI ppfppfyif jzpfayonf/
(*) xdkUjyifvnf; 'ge0w¬KwdkUudk cGJa0azmfjy&mü tbd"r®mvm 'ge0w¬K 6-rsdK;½Sd&m?
'kwd,ajrmuf o'´'ge ae&mü þaMu;pnf? acgif;avmif; vª'gef;jcif;? pnf acgif;avmif;
aMu;pnf ponfrsm;udk bk&m;&ifjyifawmfü wD;cwf xdk;ESuf toHxGufay:apjcif;
ponfrsm;udk qdkxm;ayonf/ xdktaMumif;udk p&d,myd#ut|uxm\ zGifhqdkcsufwGif-
,'g o'´'geH 'ómrDwd ab&drk'd*Fg'Dok tnwa&e wl&da,e wdPÖH &wemeH
Oy[m&H ua&mwd uma&wd p? o'´'geH ar wd ab&Dtm'Ded Xaywd Xygaywd p/
(p&d,myd#u?|?299)
tMuiftcgü o'´'geudk ay;vªtHh[k BuHpnfum pnfBuD;? rk½dk;pnf? aMu;pnf?
acgif;avmif;ponf wdkUwGif wpfrsdK;rsdK;aom wl&d,mjzifh &wem oHk;yg;wdkUtm;
ylaZmfjcif;udk ûytHh? ûyaptHh/ ig\ o'´'ge jzpfygap [lí pnfBuD;? rk½dk;pnf? aMu;pnf?
acgif;avmif;wdkUudk xm;tHh? xm;aptHhponfjzifh azmfjyxm; ayonf/
xdkUaMumifh aMu;pnf acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;paom udpörsm;onf ,ckrSay:aygufvmaom
udpörsm;r[kwf? Ak'¨jrwfpGm oufawmfxif½Sm; ½SdpOfuyif ûyvkyfvmcJhaom Ak'¨bmom omoemawmf\
xHk;wrf;pOfvm udpö&yfrsm; jzpfojzifh pifppf aumif;jrwfaom udpörsm;jzpfí tjypfqdkolwdkUomvQif
Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIrS aoGzD ysufjy,faeolrsm; jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/
Oykofapmifhjcif;
9/ Oykofapmifhjcif;udkvnf; vlaovljzpfq&mu r,HkMunf[kqdkum y,fzsufcJhjyefonf/
pk'dwuwdkU acsyvTmwGif jyefvnfíacsy aom"emxm;onfudk rawGU&/ þ Oykofapmifhjcif;ESifh ywfoufí
vu©P okwfü-
]],rÜd bdu©a0 wxm*awm yk&drH b0H yk&drH Zmwð yk&drH edauwH ykaAÁ rEkóblawm
ormaem 'Vorm'gaem ta[mod? ukoavok "ar®ok t0w¬dworm'gaem um,okp&daw
0pDokp&daw raemokp&daw 'geoH0dbma* oDvorm'gae Oaygoxky0gao}} ('D?3?119)
ponfjzifh a[mawmfrl\/

tpodkU
jrefrmjyef
&[ef;wdkU ... jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a½S; arG;zGm;cJh&m Zmwd? a½S; jzpfcJh&m b0? a½S; aecJh&m bHkXmewdkUü
vljzpfpOftcgu ukodkvfw&m;wdkUü NrJNrHpGm aqmufwnf\/ rqkwfrepf aqmufwnf\/ um,okp½dkuf
0pDokp½dkuf? raemokp½dkufü vnf;aumif;? ay;urf;a0zefjcif;ü vnf;aumif;? oDvaqmufwnfjcif;ü
vnf;aumif;? OykofapmifhoHk;jcif;ü vnf;aumif; (NrJNrHpGmaqmufwnf\/ rqkwfrepfaqmufwnf\/
('D?3?199))
t*Fkwå&edum,? t|uedygwygVd? Oaygox0*f? oHcdwåLaygoxokwf jrefrmjyef 80-ü
]]&[ef;wdkU ... t*Fg½SpfrsdK;ESifh jynfhpHkaom usifhoHk;tyfaom Oykofonf tusdK;BuD;\/ tmedoif
BuD;\/ wefcdk;BuD;\/ BuD;aom ysHUESHUjcif;½Sd\}}ponfjzifh a[mawmfrl\/
xdkUtwl 0w¬wlaygoxokwf 84? 0domcgokwf 87? 0gao|okwf? aAmZÑ*Fokwf 90-wdkUüvnf;
t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom Oykof\ tusdK;BuD;rm;aMumif;udk a[mawmfrlNyD; aemufqHk;ü-
]]wo®m [d em&D p ea&m p oDv0g/
t|*FkaywH Oy0ókaygoxH/
yknmed uwGm e okckj',med/
tedE´dwm o*¾rkayEÅdXmeH/ (tH?3?90)
[ka[mawmfrlonf/
jrefrmjyef
xdkUaMumifhomvQif oDv½Sdaom rdef;rjzpfap a,mufsm;jzpfap wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olonf
t*Fg½SpfrsdK;½Sdaom Oykofudk usifhoHk;&m\/ (xdkrdef;r? a,mufsm;wdkUonf) csrf;omaom tusdK;udk jzpfap
wwfukefaom ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkUudk ûyukefaomaMumifh ruJh&JUtyfukefonfjzpfí ewfjynfodkU uyfa&muf
&ukef\/ (tif?jref?3?85-88)
þygVdawmfwdkUudk axmufí OykofapmifhoHk;jcif;trIonf tusdK;rsm;aom tusifhwpfckjzpfaMumif;
xif½Sm;onf/ Oykofapmifhjcif;udky,faom vlaovljzpfq&mwdkU\ 0g'onf tpOftvmaumif;udk csdK;zsuf
aom0g'jzpfonf[k a0zefawmfrlMuonf/
Moumouefawmhcef;ESifh a½TapwD
10/ xdkUaemuf apm'u yk*¾dKvfwdkYu a½Ttbd"r®m trnfcH olwdkY\ ar;cGef;aygif; (80)
teufrS-
(u) Moumouefawmhcef;ESSifh ywfoufaomar;cGef;?
(c) bk&m;a½Tuyfjcif;ESifh ywfoufaomar;cGef;?
(*) a½Twd*HkponfwdkUü tapmifhxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufaomar;cGef;?

tpodkU
(C) ausmufcJ tkwfcJrsm;udk bk&m;twkvkyfí ½Sdcdk;jcif;ESifh ywfoufaomar;cGef;/

þar;cGef; 4-csufudk xkwfazmfjyvsuf xdkuJhodkU a&;om;jcif;onf Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rI "avh
xHk;pHrsm;udk ajymifavSmif apmfum;xm;onf[k apm'emcJhMuonf/
¤if;apm'emudk acsyaom or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUrS wifoGif;aom aom"emvTmwGif-olwdkUonf
apwDykxdk;rsm;udk tkwfcJ ausmufcJrsm;udk twkvkyfxm;onf[k ra[majym? ra&;om;cJh MuaMumif;?
OD;a½Tjynfh\ vlUtbd"r®m pmapmifwGifygaom ar;cGef;udkMunfhí ¤if;wdkUtm; pGyfpGJjcif;rQomjzpfaMumif;?
ar;cGef;onf ar;cGef;rQomjzpfí tajzr[kwfaMumif; aom"em wifoGif;Muonf/
odkUaomf ¤if;ar;cGef;yg pum;toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk axmuf½Ijcif;tm;jzifh ar;cGef;½Sifonf
tajzudkodvdkí ar;aom ½dk;½dk;ar;cGef; r[kwfrlí apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUwifjyaom apm'emouJhodkU
Moumobk&m;½Sdcdk;paom "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk rESpfoufojzifh xdkodkUûyusifholrsm;udk
ajymifavSmifvdkaomoabmjzifh ar;jcif;jzpfonf[k ,lq&onf/
xdkUjyif ]ar;cGef;onf ar;cGef;rQom jzpfí tajzr[kwfyg}[k or®m'd|d okawoeorm;wdkUu
acsy&mü ar;½Hkomjzpfí tjypfr½Sd[k qdkvdk[ef½Sd\/ þodkUqdkaomf OD;Ouú|onf vluarG;ol [kwf&JUvm;?
or®m'd|d okawoeorm;wdkUonf vlrS[kwfMu&JUvm; ponfjzifh ar;onf½Sdaomf oifhavsmf EdkifygtHhavm?
roifhavsmfacs/ xdkenf;twl Ak'¨bmomwdkU tav;tjrwfûyaeaom udpöwdkUudkvnf; ]ar;cGef;yg}[k
umuG,fí tremy ajymjcif; rûyxdkufaMumif; odEdkifayonf/
11/ rnfodkUyifqdkap Moumo uefawmhcef; ponfüum; uJh&JUzG,f&m tjypf wpfpHkwpf&m
rxifay? tenf;i,f½Sif;OD;tHh/
(u) t&d,yk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; uJh&JUpGyfpGJ qJa&;rdvQif t&d,m[k odonf jzpfap rodonf jzpfap
t&d,ly0g'uH xdkuf\/ teEÅ&d,uHESifh wl\/ ewfjynfudkvnf; wm;jrpf? r*fudkvnf;
wm;jrpfwwf\/ odkUaomf ukpm;íum; &aumif;ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkUudk
uJh&JUpGyfpGJ qJa&;rdcJhygu xdkyk*¾dKvfxHodkU oGm;í ]]wynfhawmfonf t½Sifbk&m;tm; þodkU
ajymrdcJhygonf/ xdktjypfudk onf;cHyg}}[k onf;cH aptyf\/ 0efcs awmif;yef tyf\/
tu,fí y&dedAÁmef pH0ifoGm;vQif y&dedAÁmefpH&m t&yfodkU (okomef wdkifatmif)yif oGm;í
onf;cHaptyf awmif;yef tyf\}}[k yg&mZduu@t|uxm? y? 134/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾
t|uxm? y? 337-8/ 0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxm? 'k? 55-6 wdkUü jyqdkxm;ayonf/
xdkodkU jyqdkxm;csuft& tu,fí ykxkZOfwdkU obm0tavsmuf
&wemoHk;yg;wdkUtm; jypfrSm;rdaomf xdktjypf(t&d,ly0g'uH)wdkUrS vGwfajrmufapjcif;iSm
uefawmh&mü tjypfwif&ef r½Sdonfhtjyif csD;rGrf;zdkUyif aumif;ygay\/
(c) ]]Ak'ü a½Trudkif&[k qdkxm;ygvsuf bk&m;udk a½Tuyfjcif;? yef;uyfjcif; vkyfaeMuonfrSm
Ak'¨0g'vm;}}[laom ar;cGef;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef; omraPwdkUudkom a½Trudkif&[k

tpodkU
wm;jrpfí vl'g,dum 'g,dumrwdkUudk rwm;jrpf? wm;jrpfívnf;rjzpf/ þtaMumif;rSm

ololigigodaom t&mjzpfonf/ ausmif; toHk;taqmif (aoemoey&dab*)jzpfvQifum;
&[ef; omraPwdkUonfyif a½TaiGjzifh ûyvkyfxm;aom ausmif;toHk;taqmifudk udkiftyf
oHk;oyftyfaMumif;udk ]]aoemoey&dabma*gye oAÁuyÜda,m? wo®m Zmw½ly&Zwr,m
oaAÁyd aoemoey&du©m&m tmrmom}} [k yg&mZduu@t|uxm? 'k? 130/
0de,o*F[t|uxm 30-wdkUü rdefUqdk\/
uóyjrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHNyD;aemuf uóyjrwfpGmbk&m;\ o&D&"mwfudk a½TapwDBuD; wnf
xm;MuaMumif;udk ]]twDaw ud&uóy'oAvó ok0PÖapwda, u&d,rmae Am&mPod0godaem/y/
{uH ax&H yd@m, y0oEÅH yóðok}}ponfjzifh "r®y't|uxm? 'k? 344-ü rdefUqdkonf/ ¤if;t|uxm? 'k?
444-üyif uóyjrwfpGmbk&m;\ apwDwnfMupOfu a½T ravmufojzifh &[EÅmwpfyg;u ½GmxJ0ifí
wdkufwGef; EdI;aqmfcJhzl;aMumif;udk jyqdkxm;\/
0drme0w¬Kt|uxm 142-üvnf; -
]]om ud& uóyó b*0awm a,mZedum ueuxlay u,d&rmae /y/ £rm[H
apwd,w¬m, 'r®Dwd}}
[k jyqdkxm;\/
jrefrmjyef
xdktrsdK;orD;onf uóyjrwfpGmbk&m;\ wpf,lZem½Sdaom a½TapwD wnfxm;pOftcgu oli,fr
jzpfí trdESifhtwl apwDwnf&m t&yfodkUoGm;í trdudk ]]tar þolawG bmvkyfMuwmvJ}}[k ar;\/
]]apwDwnf&ef a½Ttkwfrsm; vkyfMuwmaygh}}[k ajzqdk&m Munfñdkpdwf jzpfí ]]tar usrvnfyif;u
þqGJêud;av;udk apwDwnfzdkY vªygonf}}[k qdkí vªcJhavonf/
þ t|uxmwdkUudkaxmufí bk&m;apwDudk a½Tuyf½Hkru a½TapwDyif wnfcJhaom xHk;a[mif;½Sd\/
xdkUjyif yg&mZduu@t|uxm? 'k? 257/ 0de,o*F[t|uxmü -
]]oap ye oHCH 0g *PH 0g yk*¾vH 0g temrodwGm £'H [d&nok0PÖH apwd,ó a'r?
0d[m&ó a'r? e0ur®ó a'rmwd 0'EÅd? y#du©dydwHk e 0¥wd? £ar £'H bPEÅDwd
uyÜd,um&umeH tmpdu©dwAÁH/ (0d?o*F[?|?56)
[k zGifhqdk\/
jrefrmjyef
tu,fí oHCm? *dkPf;? yk*¾dKvfudk roHk;oyfrlí þa½T aiGudk apwDawmftm; vªyg\? ausmif;tm;
vªyg\? e0ur®tm; vªyg\-[k qdkukeftHh/ y,fjcif;iSm roifh? þolwdkUonf þodkUajymqdkMuonf[k
uyÜd,um&uwdkUtm; ajymMum;&rnf/ þodkU zGifhqdkaom t|uxmwdkUudk axmufí bk&m;tm;
a½Tuyfjcif;onf tjypfrxif? tusdK;yif jzpfayonf/

tpodkU
tapmifhxm;jcif;
12/ od'¨w¬jzpfaom bk&m;rSm olcdk;? "m;jy&efudk umuG,f&ef[k '&0rf wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
rxm;ygbJ a½Twd*HkwdkU? r[mjrwfrkedwdkUrSm '&0rfxm;aejcif;rSm Ak'¨0g'vm; jAm[®P0g'vm;[k
ar;cGef;xkwfwm;\/
þ rar;oifhaom ar;cGef;twGuf Ak'¨bmom0if wpfa,mufudk ajzqdkapvQif OD;a½TjynfhwdkUuJhodkU
bk&m; w&m;trSefudk r,HkMunfaom Aef;jybmoma&;orm;? ½kyf0g'D or®m'd|dokawoersm;\
&efudkaMumufí a½Twd*HkponfwdkUü tapmifhxm;&onf[k ajzqdkayvdrfhrnf/
trSefrSm oufawmfxif½Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh oufrJhapwDykxdk;rsm;onf rwlay/ oufawmfxif½Sm;
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ toufawmf? oAÁñkwÚmPfawmf? udk,fa&mifawmfESifh ypönf;av;yg;wdkUudk tEÅ&m,f
rûyEdkifaomfvnf; oufrJhapwDawmf\ ypönf;rsm;udk tEÅ&m,fûyEdkifolum; rsm;jym;vSbd\/ xdkodkU
rwl&um; oufawmfxif½Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh oufrJhapwDawmfudk t&mcyfodrf; rEdIif;,SOfoifhay/
xdkUaMumifh oufawmfxif½Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;ü tapmifhrxm;aomfvnf; apwDawmfüum;
tapmifhxm;&rnfom jzpfonf/
yg&mZduu@t|uxm? y-313/ 0de,o*F[t|uxm 150-wdkUüvnf; -
]]apwd,ó 0g oHCó 0g oEÅaue apwd,ó oEÅuH &u©maywHk 0¥wd? apwd,ó
oEÅaue oHCó oEÅuH &u©maywHk e 0¥wd}}
[k rdefUqdk\/
t"dyÜg,fum; - apwD\Opömudk apwD\Opömjzifhvnf;aumif;? oHCm\Opömjzifhvnf;aumif;
apmifha½Smuf aptyf\/ oHCm\Opömudk apwD\Opömjzifh rapmifha½Smufaptyf-
[k qdkvdkonf/
xdkUjyif 0de,o*F[t|uxmü-
]] apwd,ó y'Dyw¬m& 0g c@zkv’y#docF&Pw¬m, 0g 'dEétm&marmyd Z*¾dwaAÁm?
a0weH 'wGmyd Z*¾gaywaAÁm/ a0weOyaew¬ apwd,oEÅurÜd oHCoEÅurÜd 'gwHk 0¥wd
(0de,o*F[? |?433)}}
[krdefU\/
jrefrmjyef
apwD\ qDrD;tusdK;iSmvnf;aumif;? usdK;onf ysufonfudk ûyjyifjcif;iSm vnf;aumif;?
ay;vªtyfaom t&Hudk apmifha½Smuftyf\/ tzdk;tc ay;íaomfvnf;aumif; apmifha½Smufaptyf\/
tzdk;tcudkvnf; apwD\ Opömudk vnf;aumif;? oHCm\ Opömudk vnf;aumif; ay;jcif;iSm tyf\/
13/ jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmef pHNyD;aemuf <uif;usef&pfaom "mwfawmfwdkUudk ukodem½Hkjynfom;
rv’mrif;wdkUu tapmifhxm;í ylaZmfMuyHkudk -

tpodkU
]]tx acg aumodem&um rv’m b*0awm o&D&med owåm[H oE¨m*ga& owådyOÆ&H

u&dwGm "Ekygum&H y&dud©ygaywGm eapö[d *Daw[d 0g'daw[d rmav[d *aE¨[d ouú&ðok? *½Hk
u&ðok rmaeoHk ylaZoHk ('D?2?135)}}
[lí r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü jyqdkxm;onf/
jrefrmjyef
]]xdktcg ukodem½Hkjynfom; rv’mrif;wdkUonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ o&D&"mwfawmfwdkUudk rif;uGef;ü
(xm;vsuf) vSHudkiftapmifhwdkUjzifh um&Hí av;onfawmfwyfjzifh NcH&HapNyD;vQif ckepf&ufywfvHk; ujcif;?
oDjcif;? wD;rIwfjcif;wdkUjzifhvnf;aumif;? yef;eHUomwdkUjzifhvnf;aumif; t½dktaoûyukef\/ tav;tjrwf
ûyukef\/ jrwfEdk;ukef\/ ylaZmfukef\}} (r[m0*fygVdawmf? jrefrmjyef-157/)
þygVdawmf t|uxmwdkUudk axmufí apwD ykxdk; "mwfawmfwdkUudk tapmifhxm;jcif;onf
w&m;awmfESifh avsmfuefnDñGwf\/ apwDykxdk;wdkUü tapmifhxm;&ygrnfavm[k apm'emaom a½Ttbd"r®m
q&mwdkUonf ¤if;wdkU\ rlrrSefaom apwemudk ¤if;wdkU\ ar;cGef;uyif azmfjyaeouJhodkU ½Sd\[k
a0zefawmfrlMuonf/
14/ twkr½Sdaom Ak'¨[k qdkxm;ygvsuf tkwfcJ ausmufcJrsm;udk twkvkyfNyD; ½Sdcdk;OD;cs
qkawmif;aejcif;rSm Ak'¨0g'vm;[k a½Ttbd"r®mq&mu ar;cGef;xkwfxm;\/ ¤if;ar;cGef;udkMunfhum
ar;cGef;½SifESifh taygif;ygwdkUonf apwDykxdk;rsm;udk tkwfcJ ausmufcJrsm;taejzifh uJh&JUMuonf/ xdkodkU
uJh&JUjcif;rSm ax&my'geygVdawmf? y-306-ü vmaom ykEém*ykyæd,ax&f\ jzpfpOfESifh qefUusifojzifh
t"r®0g'om jzpfonf[k apm'emyk*¾dKvfwdkUu apm'emMu&m or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS ]]¤if;wdkUonf apwD
ykxdk;rsm;udk tkwfcJ ausmufcJrsm;udk twkvkyfxm;onf}}[k rajymqdk ra&;om;cJhMuaMumif; ponfjzifh
aom"emvTm wifoGif;Mu\/
odkUaomf azmfjyyg a½Ttbd"r®m ar;cGef;udkvnf;aumif; or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS xkwfa0aom
opömpmapmif? twGJ (1)? trSwfpOf (9)ü a&;om;aom ]]þpmudk a&;csdefwGif yk*HapwDykxdk;rsm;udk
jyifqifa&;twGuf tvªaiGaygif; 16-odef;ausmf &aeNyD[k od&onf/ þonfrSm 2-vausmfrQtwGif;
&aomaiGjzpfonf/y/ csdK;uyfaeaom tawG;tac:[lonf ajymif;vJ&ef cJ,Of;ygbdawmif;}}[laom
pum;&yfudk vnf;aumif;? axmufxm;um acsycsufonf [efaqmifcsufrQomjzpfNyD;? bk&m;pifudk
ûzwfcsMuaom? apwDykxdk;rsm;udk uJh&JUMuaom or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUvnf; tvGefrenf;aom
ta&twGuf ½SdrnfrSm odomayonf/

tpodkU
apwDwnfxm;jcif;
15/ apwDwnfxm; udk;uG,fjcif;onf aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk &½Sdapaom trIudpö wpfckjzpfonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onfyif Am[d,(&[EÅm)\ "mwfawmfwdkUudk apwDwnfxm;&ef &[ef;wdkUudk apcdkif;cJhzl;\/
(O'geygVd? Am[d,okwf? 86)
t½Sifom&dykwå&m\ "mwfawmfwdkUudkvnf; xdkenf;wl apwDwnfxm; apcJhzl;\/ ('DCedum,?
r[m0*¾t|uxm? 144)
uóybk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmef pH0ifNyD;aomtcgüvnf; a½TapwDBuD; wnfxm;aMumif;udk "r®y'
t|uxm /'k?344? 444/ 0drme0w¬Kt|uxm 142-wdkUü awGU&\/
0dyóDjrwfpGmbk&m;\ apwDtaMumif;udkvnf; r[m0*¾t|uxm 171-ü awGU&\/
apwDawmfü yef; eHUomponfudk wifxm;vª'gef;aom yk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; tusdK;rsm;yHkudk 'DCedum,?
r[m0*¾ygVdawmf 117-ü a[mawmfrl\/
tZmwowfrif; polwdkU jrwfpGmbk&m;\ "mwfawmfwdkUudk apwDwnfxm;MuyHkudk 'DCedum,?
r[m0*¾ygVd 137-ü a[mawmfrl\/
apwDawmfudk ukefrsdK;pHka&mif;aom aps;½HkBuD;eSifh OyrmEdIif;í orÜwådtrsdK;rsdK; &½SdapEdkifaom
XmeBuD;tjzpf rdvdEýO§mygVdawmf 323-ü jyqdkxm;\/
apwDawmfudk ukodkvfa½Ttdk; jr§KyfESH&m Xmewpfcktjzpf ck'úygXygVdawmf? ed"du@okwf? ESm-10-ü
jyqdkxm;\/
xdkodkU jyqdkxm;aom ygVdawmf? t|uxmwdkUt& apwDwnfxm;jcif;? ûyjyifjcif;wdkUonf
aumif;usdK;csrf;om &½Sdapaom trIudpöwdkUom jzpfukef\/ pk'dwuwdkUonfum; apwDwnfxm;
ûyjyifjcif;wdkUudk rESpfoufzG,f[k ypfy,fcJhMuavonf/
(pGJqdkcsuf trSwf 12? apm'em aom"emü tus,fpdppfcJhNyD; jzpf\/)
16/ xdkUaemuf apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u opöm"r®a&;&mpmapmif twGJ (1)? trSwf (5)ü
OD;Ouú|a&;aom-
]]tckMunfhav? rlvwef;ausmif;u 6-ESpf? 7-ESpft½G,f vlrr,fuav;i,fupNyD; bk&m;½Sdcdk;udk
usufrSwfMu? csay;MueJU vkyfaeMuawmh}} -paompum;udk xkwfjyí OD;Ouú|onf Ak'¨bmom
omoemawmf\ tajccHtkwfjrpfudk wl;ûzdcJhonf[k apm'emMu\/ or®m'd|dokawoeaom"emvTmü ¤if;udk
acsyonfh aom"emcsuf rawGU&/
ocifjrwfqdkif\ aom"emvTmü ]]wynfhawmf\ orD;? ajr;rsm;udk yef;uyf? a&csrf;uyfapjcif;?
bk&m;½Sdcdk;apjcif;ponfwdkUudk wdkufwGef;ñTefMum;ay;vsuf ½Sdygonf}}[k awGU&av&m
olUq&mOD;Ouú|0g'udk olyif vufrcH? rvdkufem[kqdk&m a&mufaeonf/ q&mESifhwynfh qefUusifae\/

tpodkU
bk&m;½Sdcdk;oifay;jcif;
17/ bk&m;½Sdcdk;jcif;? o&P*Hkaqmufwnfjcif;? oDvaqmufwnfjcif; ponfwdkUonf
Ak'ömoem\ tajcrlvwdkU jzpfonf/ ¤if;trIwdkUudk ydwfyifwm;jrpfu omoemawmfudk zsufonf[kyif
qdk&onf/ om;orD; rdwfaqG oli,fcsif;ponfwdkUudk trSefwu,f cspfonf cifonfqdkygu
bk&m;½Sdcdk;jcif;? o&P*Hk oDvaqmufwnfjcif;paom ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkUü wdkufwGef;&ayrnf/
xdkodkU wdkufwGef;oifhaMumif;rSm apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU wifjyaom temxydPfolaX;om; umv0w¬K
("r®y't|uxm? 'k-123)? r[m0*¾oH,kwf? 317-vm rdwåmrpöokwfwdkUjzifh xif½Sm;onf/ xdkUjyif
rdwå0dEú\ rdcifonfvnf; rdwå0dEúudk aiGaMu;ay;í Oykofapmifh w&m;em&ef wdkufwGef;cJhzl;\/ xdkodkU
wdkufwGef;jcif;onf ]]ygyged0ga&EÅ? uvsmaP eda0aoEÅd odyÜH odu©mayEÅd? ywd½laye 'ga&e oHa,maZEÅd?
ora, 'g,ZÆH ed,sma'EÅd}}[k od*FgvowdkUom;tm; a[mtyfaom -
raumif;jrpfwm? aumif;&mñTefvwf? twwfoifap? ay;a0ESD;&if;? xdrf;jrm;jcif;vQif? 0wfig;tif?
zcifr,fwdkUwm-
[laom rdbwdkU usifh0wfudk ûyusifhonfvnf; rnf\/
aumif;&mñTefvwfqdkonfrSm temxydPfolaX;u olUom;umvudk wdkufwGef;ouJhodkU qkvmbf
ay;NyD;aomfrSvnf; oDvaqmufwnfjcif; ponfwdkUü 0goemxHkapjcif; jzpfonf/
ûcHiHkoHk;oyfí qHk;jzwfjcif;
18/ qdktyfcJhNyD;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ûcHiHkí oHk;oyf a0zefNyD;aemuf qDrD;tcdk;wdkif
nd§xGef;jcif;? ylaZmfjcif;? t½dktaoûyjcif;? aMu;pnf acgif;avmif;xdk;jcif;? *kPfawmf½Gwfzwfjcif;?
Oykofapmifhjcif;? apwDykxdk;rsm;udk wnfxm;jcif;? ûyjyifjcif;? tapmifh a*gyuxm;jcif;? a½Tuyfjcif;?
yef;uyfjcif;paom Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIESifh pyfvsOf;onfh "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk y,f½Sm;&ef a[majym a&;om;
jzefUa0aeMuaom OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkU\ 0g'onf ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfvm a'oemESifh
ajzmifhajzmifh qefUusifaomaMumifh ½kyf0g'DwdkU\ bmomomoem zsufqD;rIvkyf&yf t"r®0g'omjzpfaMumif;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU tnDtñGwf qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf (2)
apm'em trSwf (14)
qkay; qk,l y,fjcif;ESifh pyfonfh 0dedpä,
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ ukodkvfa&;vkyfief;rsm;? oydwfoGwfjcif;paom bmoma&;qdkif&m trIudpörsm;udk
tydkoufouf jzpfoa,mifa,mif a[majym a&;om; zsufqD;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'em
aom"emcsufwdkUudk a0zef oHk;oyfcsuf/
1/(u) qkawmif; qkay;oufoufjzifh rnfonfh tmedoHorQ tusdK;w&m; xif½Sm;Edkifvdrfhrnf[k
r,HkMunf/ (or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf\ t,l0g'a&;&m oabmxm; (11-eHygwf) )/
(c) trSefqdk&vQif qkawmif;ywåemûyrIaMumifh tusdK;&½Sdonf[laom vlom;\
,HkMunfcsufum; ol\a<u;aMumf atmfjrnfrIaMumifh rdk;OD;usvm&onf[laom
zm;oli,f\ ,HkMunfrIrsdK;om jzpfavawmh onf/ (vlaovljzpfpmtkyf ESm-149)/
(*) bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;onf qkawmif;ywåemûyrIudk rdrdudk,fwdkif ûy½HkrQrurlí vl'g,umESifh
'g,dumrwdkYtm; qkay;rIudkvnf; ûyMuukefao;\/ (vlaovljzpfpmtkyf? pmrsufESm-147)
(C) Ak'önf ,ck vltrsm;BuD;u vufcH,HkMunfaeaom wrvGef qkawmif;jcif;? qkay;jcif;
paom ur®óuwm 'ge? oDvukodkvfrsdK;udk rûyvkyf? tm;ray;jyefacs/
(ocifjrwfqdkif\ Ak'¨rd*'g0kef w&m;pmtkyf ESm-58)
(i) aooltwGuf ocsØKif;ukef;odkU vdkufNyD;vQif wu,fjzpfysuf&ef tvm;tvm r½Sdaom tûrH
uwdrsm;udk ay;Muukef\/ aoí oGm;avNyD;olrsm; wrvGefavmuü Munfvif½Tifys
csrf;omokc &½Sda&;twGuf &nfrSef;í qGrf;oGwfMuukef\/ yd@m auR;Muukef\/
trQtwrf; a0Muapukef\/ at;-olwdkUonf olwdkU\ oufxdef;vrf;udk xGif&müum;
txl;tcRef tvGefuRrf;usifawmfrlMu ukefonfwum;/ (vlaovljzpf? ESm-315)
vlaovljzpfq&mESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ txufyg t,l0g' a[majym
a&;om;csufwdkUudk aumufEkwfwifjyMuvsuf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf qkay;?
qk,lûyvkyfjcif;paom bmoma&; qdkif&m udpörsm;udk olwdkUudk,fwdkifuvnf; bmwpfckrQ rûyvkyfMuyg/
xdkvkyfief;udk vkyfaqmifMuaom &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;udkyif trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk tremy uJh&JU½Iwfcs a[majym
a&;om;aeMuaMumif;? ¤if;wdkU\ a[majym a&;om;csufrsm;onf omoemawmfudk xdyg; ykwfcwf½HkrQru
ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfvm tqdktrdefUrsm;udk rsufuG,fûyaom a[majym a&;om;csufrsm;
jzpfaeygaomaMumifh wda&muk¥okwf? ZmPkaómPdokwfpaom yd#uwfawmf usrf;*efrsm;ESifh
qefUusifaom t"r®0g' rdpämt,lomjzpfaMumif; apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u apm'emMuonf/

tpodkU
2/ apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ omrn0daooapm'emvTm ESpf&yfvHk;udk ûcHiHkí oHk;oyf&aomf

trSwf(u) aumufEkwfcsufonf Xmyemûyxdkufaom t*Fgt&nftcsif; rjynfhpHkaomaMumifh
vspfvsL½Ixdkufaom aumufEkwfcsufjzpfonf[lí oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
0daooapm'emü cRwf,Gif;csufr½Sd? taxmuftudk; om"u rSefuefjynfhpHkaom
apm'emjzpfaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
qkay;qk,lûyjcif;? oDvcH,ljcif;? oydwfoGwfjcif;wdkUudk wpfckpD wpfckpD pdppfoHk;oyfaytHh/
3/ apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ apm'emcsufudk OD;qE´"du? ocifjrwfqdkif?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUu jyefvnf ajz½Sif; aom"emûy&mü qkay;qk,ludpöESifh ywfoufí
0de,r[m0*¾ygVd? jrefrmjyef ESm-395-ü yg½Sdaom ZD0uESifh 0domcgwdkU avQmufxm;MuyHk?
jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifu jyefvnf rdefUMum;awmfrlyHkudk xkwfaqmifjyMuvsuf ZD0uESifh 0domcgwdkUu
awmif;onfhqkonf tyfvnf;tyfyg\? tjypfvnf;r½Sdyg[k avQmufxm;rS cGifhûycJhonf/
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonfyif wrvGefusdK;arQmfqkrsm; ray;vQif wynfhom0ursm; twGufrl qdkzG,f&m
r½Sdawmhyg[k aom"emMu\/
OD;qE´"du? ocifjrwfqdkif? or®mod|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf ZD0u? 0domcgwdkU awmif;aom
qkrsm;rSm wrvGefusdK;arQmfudk;NyD; awmif;aom qkrsm;[k jrwfpGmbk&m;u xifjrifaomaMumifh qkay;jcif;rS
vGefajrmuf\[k bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkawmfudk odMuoa,mif xifjrifcsufrsm; a&;om;NyD; Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfyif
wrvGefusdK;arQmfqkrsm; ray;vQif wynfhom0ursm; taejzifh bmqkrQ ay;aep&mrvdk[k
aumufcsufcsvdkufMuonf/ xdkxifjrifcsuf? aumufcsufwdkUonf apm'uwdkU\ apm'emcsufudk
acszsuf&mü cdkifvHkrI r½Sday/
4/ xdkygVdawmf jrefrmjyef ESm-117-üyif oka'¨g'erif;BuD;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;wdkUonf
qkay;jcif;rS vGefajrmufukef\-[laom pum;udk bk&m;½Sif rdefUMum;cJhzl;NyD/ xdkodkU rdefUMum;&jcif;\
taMumif;udk 0denf;r[m0gt|uxmü-
ww¬ ,o®m OOämp&d,m, ZD0awm yAÁZdwó (0d?|?3?291)-
ponfjzifh zGifhjyvsuf ½Sd\/ xdktzGifh\ jrefrmjyefrSm-
]]udk,fwdkifu oydwfydkufvsuf qGrf;cHvSnfhvnfjcif;jzifh toufarG;&aom &[ef;tm;
tb,fqk[lí rajymbJ omrntm;jzifh qkwpfckudk awmif;vdkyg\-[k avQmufxm;cJhaomf
awmif;vdkaomqkudk awmif;avmh[lí ajymqdk cGifhûyjcif;onf roifhavsmf ravsmufywf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;½SifwdkU\ xHk;pH tavhtusifhawmfvnf; r[kwfaomaMumifh twduúEÅ0&m acg a*gwr
wxm*wm-[laom pum;udk bk&m;½Sif rdefUMum;awmfrlNyD}}/
þzGifhqdkcsuft& avmuD xD;eef;pnf;pdrf a½TaiGb@m rif;tmPmwdkUudk pGefUy,fum
bk&m;tjzpfudk a&mufaeNyDjzpfí udk,fawmfwdkif qGrf;cHvSnfhvnfjcif;jzifh pm;aomuf toufarG;&aom

tpodkU
jrwfpGmbk&m;rSm vlwdkU awmif;avhawmif;x½Sdaom a½TaiGb@m tcGifhtmPmpaom qkawmf

vmbfawmfrsm;udk ay;Edkifjcif;rS vGefajrmufukefNyD[laom taetm;jzifh rdefUMum;awmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
or®m'd|dokawoeorm;wdkU ajymovdk wrvGefusdK;arQmf qkrsm;jzpfonfxifí qkay;jcif;rS
vGefajrmufukef\[k bk&m;½Sif rdefUMum;awmfrljcif; r[kwf/
5/ oDvu©E¨0*¾ygVd? aw0dZÆokwfü 0gao|tm; tpd&0wDjrpf[dkbufurf;udk onfbufurf;
a&mufatmif ac:,lí r&EdkifyHk Oyrmjyí bk&m;½Sif a[mxm;onfrSm- jAm[®PjzpfEdkifaom jA[®mtjzpfodkU
uyfa&mufEdkifaom tusifhoDv rusifhbJ qkawmif;aejcif;? awmifhwaejcif;ponfaMumifh jAm[®PrjzpfEdkif?
jA[®mtjzpfodkU ruyfa&mufEdkifyHkudk a[mxm;jcif; jzpfavonf/ xdkjAm[®PwdkU\ qkawmif;yHkESifh ,ck
Ak'¨bmomwdkU\ qkawmif;yHk vHk;0 rwlay/ OD;qE´m"dutaejzifh t*Fkwå&edum,? t|uedygwf?
'gEkyywådokwf (70?71)ü jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;tyfaom ]]£ZÑwd bdu©a0 oDv0awm apawmyPd"d
0dok'¨wåm}} &[ef;wdkU ... oDv½Sdaomoltm; pifMu,faomaMumifh pdwf\ awmifhwrIonf jynfhpHk\[laom
a'oemawmfudk ypfy,f&m a&mufayonf/
6/ qufvufí OD;qE´m"duuyif tqif;paom tm½Hkig;rsdK;&vdkaMumif; qkawmif;vQif
tuyÜd, om0ZÆ-rtyfrpyf? tjypfruif;aom qkrsdK;qdkEdkifaMumif; omoem0efxrf; ½Sif&[ef;wdkU tuyÜd,
om0ZÆqkrsdK; ray;rd&ef txl;owdûyoifhMuygonf[k ]]a,m ½lyH tbdeE´wd? 'ku©Haom tbdeE´wd}}paom
tudk;jzifh ajz½Sif;oGm;onfudk awGU&\/ ½kyftqif;ponfudk ESpfoufaomolonf qif;&Judk ESpfouf&m
a&muf\[k bk&m;½Sifa[mxm;aomaMumifh ½kyftqif;ponfudk qkay;qkawmif;ygu ½kyftqif;udk
ESpfoufapjcif;jzifh 'ku©udk ESpfoufatmif qkay;&m qkawmif;&ma&mufaomaMumifh rtyf? tjypf½Sdonf[k
rdrdvdk&mqGJí tudk; om"uûyxm;ayonf/ odkU&mwGif ½Sif&[ef;jzpfap vljzpfap tqif;paom tm½Hkudk
qkray;&? qkrawmif;&? qkay;qkawmif;u rtyf? tjypf½Sd\[lí a[mMum;xm;aom a'oemawmf r½Sday/
7/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU qkay;qkawmif;MuyHkrSm tvdk½Sdtyfaom touf½Snfjcif;? tqif;vSjcif;?
usef;rmjcif;? csrf;omjcif;? aumif;usdK;w&m;wdkUESifh jynfhpHkí r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk vsifjrefpGm
qdkufa&mufMuygap? a&muf&ygvdk\[lí qkay;qkawmif;Mujcif; jzpfonf/
þodkU qkawmif;&mü touf½SnfNcif;ç usrf;rmNcif;ç csrf;omNcif;½SdrS 'ge oDv paom ukodkvfudk
NznfhusifhEdkifonf? 'ge oDv ukodkvfudk Nznfhusifhqnf;yl;aom 0goem½Sdaom yk*¾dKvfom bm0emtvkyfudk
tm;xkwfvdkaom pdwfqE´ ½SdvmEdkifonf? qE´&Sdí usifhMuHtm;xkwfrS r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk &a&muf rsufarSmuf
ûyEdkifrnf Nzpfonf? odkUNzpfaomaMumifh OD;qE´m"du ocifNrwfqdkifwdkU aom"emMuovdk tm½Hkig;yg;qkrsdK;ç
'ku©udk ESpfoufapwwfaomqkç umrokcv’dumEka,m*qkç tmo0ESifh ruif;aomqkrsdK; awmif;onf[k
rqdkEdkifay/
8/ NrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmuDaumif;usdK;csrf;omNzpfaom b0orÜwåd abm*orÜwådwdkUESifh
NynfhpHkEdkifaom w&m;awmf a'oemaygif;rsm;pGmudk a[mMum;xm;\? xdkodkU a[mMum;xm;Ncif;aMumifh

tpodkU
NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifudk tm½Hkig;yg; 'ku©udk ESpfoufapwwfaomw&m;udk a[maombk&m;?

umrokcv’dumEka,m*w&m;ç tmo0ESifhruif;aom w&m;ç ork',wPSm tm;ay;aom w&m;wdkUudk
a[mMum;aom bk&m;[lí qdkEdkifaumif;rnfavm? rqdkEdkifay? ,if;odkU rqdkEdkifaomaMumifh qkawmif;Ncif;
qkay;Ncif;udk 'ku©awG ork',awG[k aom"emNcif;onf taNctNrpfr&Sdaom aom"emNcif;om Nzpfonf/
9/ qkawmif; qkay;ESifh ywfoufí ,aeU Ak'¨bmomwdkU\ qkawmif;Ncif;onf
(vlaovlNzpfq&m a&;ouJhodkU) bmrQrvkyfbJ qkawmif;yw¬emûyrIoufoufaMumifh tusdK;&&Sdonf[laom
,HkMunfcsufNzifh qkawmif;MuNcif; r[kwf? taMumif;ukodkvfuHudk ûyvkyfNyD;rS qkawmif;yw¬em ûyvQif
awmifhwonfhtwdkif; tusdK;&onf[laom ,HkMunfcsufNzifhom Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU qkawmifMuNcif; Nzpf\?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU pGyfpGJacsyouJhodkU ork',wPSmtm;ay;aom-£pädwH yw¬dwHç twå0g'
(avay;av,lrsm;) r[kwfrlí NrwfpGmAk'ävmif;vsmESifhwuG t*¾om0u r[mom0u avmif;vsmwdkU\
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;udk rSD;í ûyvkyfMuNcif;om Nzpf\? Moumouefawmhcef;ü ygaom
ukodkvfapwemwdkUaMumifh (&ygvdk\ t&Sifbk&m;)[laom pum;\ t"dyÜm,fudk em;rvnfbJ NAm[®P0g'D
xm0&0g'DwdkU\ qkawmif;ESifh Ak'¨0g'DwdkU\ qkawmif;udk uGJNym;pGm oabmraygufaomaMumifh ,ckvdk
pGyfpGJMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
&[ef;½Sifvl olçigup avmuom;rSeforQonf tvdktêuduf trsdK;rsdK;&Sd&m rdrdwdkU vdkvm;csuf
&nfrSef;csuf yef;wdkifudk &½SdEdkifa&;twGuf &nfñTef;Ncif;ç pdwfñTwfNcif;ç pdwfudk aqmufwnfNcif;ç pdwfü
xm;Ncif;ç pdwfudk yGmrsm;apNcif;ç awmifhwNcif;ç vGefvGefuJuJûyNcif;udkyif (t"dum& yPd"me)
qkawmif;Ncif;[k qdk&onf/
10/ xdkodkU qkawmif;&mü vlewfedAÁmefcsrf;omudk &apEdkif&ef taxmuftyHh ûyEdkifaom 'ge
oDv bm0em tvkyfwdkUudk ûyvkyfí qkawmif;Mu\/ atmufxpfqHk;taetm;Nzifh &wemoHk;yg;udk
½Sdcdk;uefawmhNcif; (yPmr) ukodkvfudk ûyvkyfNyD;rS qkawmif;Mu\/ ukodkvfwpfckck tusifhwpfckck
rûyusifhbJ rnfonfh Ak'¨bmomwdkUurQ vufNzefU rawmif;Muacs/
þae&mü &nfrSef;csuf qkawmif;twdkif; NzpfvmMuaom t*¾om0u r[mom0uwdkU\
vkyfaqmifcsufESifh qkawmif;Ncif;udk xkwfaqmifNyvdk\/
½Sifom&dykwå&mESifh ½Sifarm*¾v’mefavmif;vsm o&'&aohESifh oD&d0¹uolMuG,fwdkUonf (wpfoacsFESifh
urÇmwpfodef;umvu) taemr'óDbk&m;½SifESifhwuG t*¾om0uESpfyg; oHCmawmft½SifNrwfwdkUtm;
yef;arGU&mtcif; (oD&d0¹uolMuG,fu qGrf;yg) vª'gef;MuNyD; yxrç 'kwd, t*¾om0uqk toD;oD;
awmif;cJhMuaomaMumifh þa*gwrbk&m;½Sifvufxufü t*¾om0u vusfmawmf&H t½Sifom&dykwå&max&fç
vuf0Jawmf&H t½Sifarm*¾v’mefax&ftNzpfudk &awmfrlcJhMuayonf/ «ax&*gxm t|uxm 'k-ESm 307?
375»/

tpodkU
11/ t½Sifr[muóy avmif;vsmNzpfaom a0a'[olMuG,fonfvnf; OykofaeUwpfaeUü

Oykofaqmufwnfí eHUomyef; ponfwdkUNzifh y'krkwå&bk&m;½Siftm; ylaZmfí xdkifaepOf y'krkwå&bk&m;½Sifu
wwd,om0uNzpfaom r[medobax&fudk "kw*F"&{w'*ft&mü xm;awmfrlonfudk Mum;em&í
MunfñdkpdwfNzpfay:um y'krkwå&bk&m;½Sif trI;&Sdaom oHCmawmfrsm;tm; (7)&ufywfvHk; qGrf;qufuyf
vª'gef;NyD;vQif (7)&ufaNrmufaomaeUü wdpD0&dwfouFef;rsm;yg vª'gef;NyD; t½Sifbk&m; (7)&ufywfvHk;
qGrf;ouFef; vª'gef;&aom wynfhawmf\ arwåm um,uH raemuHonf bk&m;½SifESifh wuG
oHCmawmfwdkUü usa&mufwnfaecJhygNyD? wynfhawmfonf þtvª'geaumif;rIuHNzifh wpfyg;wpfNcm;aom
ewfpnf;pdrfudkvnf;aumif;? odMum;rif;ç rm&frif;ç NA[®mrif;pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudkvnf;aumif; rawmifhwyg?
wynfhawmf\ þqGrf;ouFef;tvª'ge aumif;rIuHonf tem*wfumvü yGifhawmfrlvwHhaom bk&m;½Sif\
txHawmf0,f r[medobax&f &a&muftyfaom "kw*F"&{w'*ft&mudk &a&mufí
"kwifwpfq,fhoHk;yg;aqmif &[ef;wdkUwGif tNrwfqHk; Nzpf&ygvdk\[k qkawmif;cJhaomaMumifh
þa*gwrbk&m;½Sif\ vufxufawmfü wwd,r[mom0u "kwif{w'*ft&mudk &awmfrlaom
t½Sifr[muóy yxroH*g,emwif oHCmhr[max&fMuD; NzpfvmcJhayonf/
12/ acrmax&f&Davmif;vsm tdrfazmfrwpfOD;onf y'krkwå&bk&m½Sif\wynfh t*¾om0u
okZmwax&f qGrf;cHMuGvmpOf uwGwfrkefUoHk;ckvª'gef;NyD; xdkaeUüyif rdrdqHyifwdkUudk &dwfNzwfí
ax&ft½Siftm; vª'gef;vsuf tem*wfumv NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifvufxufawmfü ynmMuD;aom
wynfhom0dumr Nzpf&ygvdk\[k qkyw¬emûycJhaomaMumifh þa*gwrNrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufü ynmt&m
{w'*fbGJUxl;&aom acrmax&D[lí NzpfvmcJhavonf/ (ax&D*gxm t|uxm ESm-130? 139)
13/ ygxdu0*¾ygVd? o*Ðwdokwf (ESm-214)ü tvdk½Sd&m awmifhw(qkawmif;)í orP
NAm[®Ptm; xrif;ç tazsmf paom vªzG,f0w¬Kudk ay;vSLvQif rdrdwdkUvdkvm;tyfaom cwåd,r[momv
tp½Sdaom tqifhNrifhaom vl\ tNzpfç pwkr[m&mZfpaom ewf\ tNzpfodkU a&mufapEdkifonfomru
NA[®mb0 &½Sda&;twGufudkyg taxmuftyHh ay;EdkifaMumif; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlayonf/
wMwLyywåd,m oH0wåwDwd ,H yaw¬wGm ukovH uwH? ww¬ ww¬ edAÁwåew¬m,
oH0wåwd/ ('D |?3? 227)
wMwLyywåd,m oH0wåwd [lonfum; tMuif cwåd,r[momv NAm[®Pr[momv
*[ywdr[momv paom trsdK;udk awmifhwí(qkawmif;í) ukodkvfudk ûyNim;tHh? xdkxdk awmifhwtyfaom
trsdK;ü NzpfEdkif\ [lí ygxdu0*¾t|uxmü zGifhNy\/
14/ tmuacF,s ap *[ywawm "r®pm&D orpm&D (r? 1? 359) ponfNzifh
rlvyPÖmoygVdawmfü w&m;rQwrIudk ûyavh&SdaomolwdkU aoNyD;aemufumvü cwåd,r[momv paom
vlUb0 ewfb0wdkUudk awmifhwygu &EdkifaMumif; omv&Gmom; ykPÖm;olMuG,fwdkUudk bk&m;½Sif
a[mMum;xm;ayonf/ (,if; NrefrmNyef-369)

tpodkU
15/ rdef;r a,musfm; trSwfrxm; wyg;yg;aom olonf tvªay;Ncif;ç oDvaqmufwnfNcif;ç

udk,fEIwfESvHk;udk apmifhpnf;Ncif;ç £aNE´wdkUudk apmifhpnf;Ncif;[laom a½Ttdk;udk Nr§Kyfívnf;aumif;? apwDç
oHCmç yk*¾dKvf{nfhonf trdç tzç tpfudkç tpfrMuD;wdkUü ay;vªNcif; trIMuD;i,fudk ûypk
aqmif½GufNcif;[laom a½Ttdk;udk Nr§Kyfívnf;aumif; tvdk&Sdtyfaom csrf;omokcudk awmifhw(qkawmif;)
ygu awmifhw&m&m qkawmif;onfhtwdkif; &EdkifaMumif; (ck'úygXygVd? 9? 10? ¤if; NrefrmNyef-8? 9)ü
vm½Sdayonf? þtxd a½S;olawmfaumif;wdkU\ qkawmif;½dk;xHk;udk azmfNytyfayonf? þwGif yxr
ukodkvfûyonf? 'kwd, xdkukodkvfaMumifh rdrdvdkaom tusdK;udk &atmif qkawmif;onf? þuJhodkU 2-
qifh½Sdonfudk owdûyoifhonf? qkrawmif;aomfvnf; ukodkvfuHonf aumif;aom tusdK;udkom
ay;rnfom Nzpfonf? odkUaomf rnfonfhaumif;usdK;[líum; rodEdkif? pdwfuñGwfí vdkcsifaom qkudk
yefaomtcgürlum; rdrd\ pdwf"mwfpGrf;&nfç rdrd\ udkif;ñGwfrIç rdrd\ OD;wnfcsuf tusdK;w&m;udk
&Edkifayonf? þodkU &onfudkyif qkawmif;Nynfhonf[k qdkonf/
qkawmif;&mum; edAÁmefudkom qkawmif;vQif 0#fuif;&mudk qkawmif;í taumif;qHk;yif Nzpf\?
odkU&mwGif edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufûyaomtcg rnfodkUrnfyHk rsufarSmufûyvdkonf? rsufarSmufrûyrD rnfodkU
rnfyHk Nzpfvdkonf[k awmifhwEdkifonf? þuJhodkU ukodkvfaumif;rIudk ûyvkyfNcif; ukodkvfuHaMumifh
&vdkaom tusdK;udk qkawmif;Ncif; [laom ,aeU Ak'¨bmomwdkU\ ûyvkyfcsufonf ukodkvfuHudkvnf;
rvkyf (olwpfyg;vkyfonfudkvnf; vdkufNyD; tNypfaNymaeMu) qkvnf; rawmif;Muaom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJUom;wdkUxuf omvGefaMumif; odEdkifayonf/
qkay;Ncif;
16/ qkay;Ncif;ESifh ywfoufí bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif odMum;rif;tm; qkay;cJhaomxHk;
&Sdayonf/
]]{0H okcD a[mwk yOöoDc oauúm a'0gerdaE´m omrapöm oy&dZaem}} ('D? 2? 215)
yOöoDc. . . aumif;ayNyD? ewfwdkUudk tpdk;&aom odMum;rif;onf trwfESifhwuG tNcHt&H
y&dwfowfESifh wuG csrf;omygapownf; ('D? Nref? 2? 241) /
17/ bk&m;½Sifonf rdrdxHarSmufodkU uyfa&mufvsuf ½Sdcdk;aomol\ emrnfudk ac:í
qkay;pum; NrGufMum;awmfrlavhyHkudk rlvyPÖmo t|uxm? ESm-185-ü NrwfpGmbk&m;onf
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomol vma&mufí ½Sdcdk;onf&Sdaomf a½Trk½dk;pnfESifhwlaom vnfwdkifawmfudk csD;aNr§mufí
em;csrf;omzG,fç ESpfoufzG,f½Sdaom tûrdufa&pifNzifh oGef;avmif;onfESifh wlaom toHawmfudk
NrGuf[awmfrlum ]]udk,fpdwfESpfNzm csrf;omNcif; ½Sdygapownf;}} [lí xdkyk*¾dKvf\ emrnfudk
ac:awmfrlvsuf qkay;pum; NrGufMum;awmfrl\[k azmfNyxm;ayonf/

tpodkU
þodkU xkwfaqmifNytyfaom om"uwdkUNzifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ qkawmif;Ncif; qkay;Ncif;onf

&nf½G,fcsuf t"dyÜm,f tNynfht0 yg½Sdí tusdK;½Sdaomç a½S;a½S;bk&m;½SifwdkU vufxufrSpí
,aeUwdkifatmif tpOftquf qif;oufvmcJhaom olawmfpifwdkU\ tpOftvmaumif;ç bmom,Ofaus;rI
"avhxHk;pHaumif;wpf&yf Nzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
NAm[®P0g'[k pGyfpGJcsuf
18/ wpfzef or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUu ]]edAÁmefr&rDpyfMum; wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU
aumif;usdK; qdk;NypftaeESifh vSnfhvnfaeonfhoabm t,ltqonf Ak'¨\ tewåa'oemESifh
vHk;0qefUusifaom twåoów0g'\ rSm;,Gif;aom t,ltqom Nzpfygonf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;onf rdrdwdkU oabmusaom oDvcH,lNcif;ç qkay;qk,lNcif;ç oydwfoGwfNcif;wdkUudk
twåoów0g'ESifh qufEG,fí Ak'¨ryGifhrD omoemyumvu usifhoHk;vsuf½Sdaom NAm[®P0g'udk
tNrpfwG,fEdkifatmif usm;uefay;aeNcif;om Nzpfygonf}} ponfNzifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
wpfb0rSwpfb0odkU aNymif;a½TU&Ncif; usifvnf&Ncif; (oHo&m) vufcHcsufESifh ur®ç ur®0dygu-uHç uH\
tusdK; ,HkMunfcsufudk twåoów0g'[k pGyfpGJ ykwfcwfvsuf rsm;pGm aNz&Sif;oGm;Mu\/
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ aNz&Sif;acsyvTmudk odrf;ûcHí aumufEIwfcsufcs&aomf-
(u) wpfb0rS wpfb0NzpfNcif; (oHo&m) ESifh aumif;usdK;qdk;Nypf (uH? uH\tusdK;)ç
oDvcH,lNcif;ç qkay; qk,lç oydwfoGwfNcif;wdkUonf twå0g' Nzpfonf/
(c) xdktwå0g'rsm; bk&m;yGifhcsdefü ikyfvQdK;ae&m bmoma&;acgif;aqmifwdkU
½dkufoGif;rIaMumifhvnf;aumif;ç apm'uq&mawmfrsm; usm;uefay;rIaMumifhvnf;aumif;
Nyefvnfa0qm xGef;um;vmonf[k Nzpf\/
txufyg pk'dwuwdkU acsycsuf ESpf&yfwdkUwGif b0oHo&mç uH-uH\tusdK; ,HkMunfrI ponfudk
twå0g'[k pGyfpGJaom (u)trSwfNy pum;Nzifh wpfb0rS wpfb0 (oHo&m)ü Nzpf&Ncif;ESifh ukodkvfuH\
aumif;usdK;ç tukodkvfuH\ raumif;usdK;ay;rIudk a[mMum;xm;aom NrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;a'oemwdkUudk
twå0g' (oów0g')[k xyfrHí pGyfpGJ&ma&mufonfhNyif Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ qkawmif;Ncif;ç
oDvcH,lNcif;ç oydwfoGwfNcif; paom bmoma&; ukodkvfvkyfief;rsm;udk xdyg;ykwfcwf uJh&JU½Iwfcs
tremy aNyma[m a&;om;aeMuygonf/ ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;\ tqdktrdefUESifh qefUusif&m
a&mufaeygonf-[laom apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu 0efcH&m a&mufaeonfudk awGU&\/
pk'dwuwdkU\ (c)trSwfNy pum;Nzifh qkawmif;Ncif; ponfudk ûyvkyfMuaom
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUudkvnf; uJh&JU½Iwfcs ykwfcwfvsuf ½Sdygonf [laom apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\
apm'emwifcsufudkvnf; 0efcHxm;Muonfudk awGU&\/ tNcm;olwdkU\ vGwfvyfpGm ,HkMunfudk;uG,f
qnf;uyfrIudk vdkufvHzsufqD;aeMuNcif; Nzpf\/

tpodkU
19/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfa,mufonf rdrdudk;uG,f,HkMunfonfh w&m;awmftwdkif;

vdkufemusifhoHk;rI rusifhoHk;rIrSm xdkyk*¾dKvf\ ,HkMunfouf0ifrI o'¨gç aphaqmfwdkufwGef;wwfaom apwemç
xufoeftm;MuD;aom tvdkqE´ç xufoefaom pdwfç êud;pm;tm;xkwfrI vHkUv0D&d,ç todÓPf
ynmA[kokwwdkU\ tiftm;tay:üom wnfaeaomaMumifh bmoma&;todÓPf½Sdatmif a[maNym oifNy
wdkufwGef;ay;½HkrS wpfyg; tNcm;enf;vrf; r½SdoNzifh vspfvsL½Ixm;½Hkom ½Sd\/ odkUaomf NrwfpGmbk&m;
w&m;awmfESifh w&m;awmftwdkif; ,HkMunfrIç usifhMuHûyvkyfrIwdkUESifh pyfvsOf;í or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJU0ifwdkUu rrSefruef pGyfpGJNcif;udkrl todynmenf;yg;Muonfh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ pdwfü NrwfpGmbk&m;
w&m;awmfudk oHo,yGm; txifrSm;apEdkifaomaMumifh vspfvsL r½Ioifhay/
20/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUu twå0g'DNAm[®P aumif;rI qdk;rIwdkU\ tarGudk
cH,lxGufoGm;aom wu,fr½Sdaom twåtwGuf bHkb0rsm;wdkUonf qkawmif;Ncif;rsm; yd@auR;Ncif;rsm;udk
,HkMunf ûyvkyfMu\? xdkUtwl Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUonfvnf; wpfb0rS wpfb0[laom ,HkMunfcsufç
ukodkvf tukodkvfwdkU\ tusdK;Nzpfaom csrf;omqif;&J &½Sdonf[laom ,HkMunfcsufNzifh qkawmif;Ncif;
oDvcH,l usifhoHk;Ncif;ç oydwfoGwfNcif;wdkUudk ûyvkyfMuonf[k twå0g'ESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
ûyvkyfrItoGif yHkpHwlnDoa,mif oGm;ykyfavvGifh aNymaeMuonf? NAm[®P0g'ESifh Ak'¨0g'ç taMumif;&if;
taNccH ,HkMunfcsuftm;Nzifh uGmNcm;onf ruGmNcm;onfudk aphaphpyfpyf roHk;oyfMubJ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
wpfb0rS wpfb0 paom ,HkMunfrI ûyvkyfrIwdkUudk twå0g'[lí wm0efrJU t&rf;uma&m
pGyfpGJaNymqdkMuNcif;om Nzpfayonf/
21/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf r[kwfwef;w&m; pGyfpGJ aNymMum; a&;om;&mü
tNrifoefpGmNzifh xifrdxif&mudk vkyfMuH aNymqdkwwfyHkudk oufaoom"uNy&aomf ra[mo"mZmwfü
Zmwfaygif;cef;ç pkawcef; rygaomaMumifh ra[mo"m pkawNyD; b,fb0odkU vm;&ma&mufonfudk
rnfolrQ rodEdkifonfudkvnf;aumif;ç Zmwfawmfrsm;udk tavmif;awmf\ wpfb0NyD; wpfb0-b0NzpfpOf
taetm;Nzifh tpOfvdkuf pOfwef;Nyxm;Ncif; r[kwfbJ oH*g,emax&ft½SifNrwfwdkUu
*gxmtenf;trsm;tvdkuf {uedygwf 'kuedygwf ponfNzifh tkyfpkzGJUNyD; pDpOfxm;Ncif;
Nzpfonfudkvnf;aumif; rodem;rvnfMubJ ZmwfMuD;q,fbGJUü awç Zç okç aeç rç blç pefç emç 0dç a0-
[lí qufí Nyxm;onfudk awGU&½HkrQNzifh ra[mo"maoNyD; bl&d'wfe*g; Nzpf&rnf[k rSwf,lMuvsuf
]]ukodkvfaumif;rIrsm; tNynfht0½SdNyD; w&m;oNzifh pD&ifqHk;Nzwfaom okcrdef ra[mo"mtrwfonf
aoNyD;onf\ tNcm;rJhü tyg,'k*¾wdNzpfonfh wd&pämefrsdK;EG,f e*g;Nzpf&Ncif;}}ponfNzifh xnfhoGif;
aom"emxm;onfudk awGU&Ncif;uyif OD;Ouú|\wynfh or®m'd|dokawoe trnfcHMuolwdkUonf
Ak'¨0g'yd#upmayü tvGef A[kokw enf;yg;½HkrQru r[kwfr[wf xifovdk wm0efrJh
aNymqdk,lqwwfMuolrsm;vnf; NzpfaMumif; aumif;aumif;MuD; ay:vGif vSayonf/

tpodkU
22/ NrwfpGmbk&m;yGifhí tewå[k aMuG;aMumfcsdefrSpNyD; [dE´L NAm[®PwdkU\ twå0g'

ikyfvQdK;aecJhonfqdkaom tcsufrSm rSefayonf? odkUaomf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUu twå0g'ç
twåt,ltq[k pGyfpGJxm;aom b0(oHo&m)uH uH\ tusdK;udk ,HkMunfrIESifh 'geûyNcif;ç oDvcH,lNcif;
paom ukodkvfaumif;rI ûyvkyfNcif;wdkUum; rikyfvQdK; rarS;rSdefcJhay? xdkodkU rikyfvQdK; rarS;rSdefcJh½HkrQru
NrwfpGmbk&m; vufcHcGifhûyawmfrlNyD; tusdK;trsdK;rsdK;Nyum a[mawmfrlNcif;aMumifhyif bk&m;½Sifvufxufü
Ak'¨bmomolawmfpifwdkUonf uH\tusdK;udk ydkrdk,HkMunfMuí ÓPftNrif ½Sif;vif;Nywfom;
apwemxufxufxm;í êud;pm;tm;xkwf ûyvkyfMuoNzifh b0orÜwådtusdK; trsdK;rsdK;ESifh
r*fzdkvfedAÁmefwdkifatmifaom tusdK;wdkUudk &½SdcHpm;Mu&aMumif; ygVdawmfrsm;t& odEdkifayonf/
23/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU pGyfpGJtyfaom twå0g'ESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU
vufcH,HkMunfxm;aom wpfb0rS wpfb0 usifvnfrI (oHo&m)ESifh uHç uH\ tusdK;wdkU rnfrQ
uGmNcm;Muonfudk odNrifEdkif&ef taNccHrS pí tenf;i,fNyvdk\/
twå0g'ESifh oHo&m t,ltq

omoemy tnwdw¬d, NAm[®PwdkUonf trSefwu,f r½Sdaom twåudk t½SdMuHum trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk
,lqwwfMuukef\? tcsdKUum; twåonf rysufrpD; tNrJwnf\/ cE¨mudk,fa[mif;udk pGefUí
cE¨mudk,ftopf ,lum wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU usifvnf\ ponfNzifh oów0g'udk ,lMuukef\/
wcsdKUaom olwdkUu -
um,ó ab'g OpäZÆwd 0deówd? e a[mwd y&H r&Pm? {wåpwm acg t,H twåm
or®m orkpädaEém a[mwd ('D? 1? 31)-
[k oDvu©E¨0*¾ygVdü vmonfhtwdkif; cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;NyD;vQif b0Nywfawmh\/ aoNyD;aemuf b0topf
rNzpfawmh[k Oapä'0g'udk ,lMuukef\/
NrwfpGmbk&m; oufawmfxif½Sm;½SdpOfu wdw¬dq&mMuD; aNcmufa,mufwGif tygt0ifNzpfaom
tZdauourÁvonf vlrdkufa&m ynm½Sdyg aovQif b0Nywfawmh\? b0topf xyfrNzpfawmh? ykcufESifh
acgif;tMum; umvüom b0½Sd\[k ,lqaom Oapä'0g'Dyif Nzpfonf/
ru©vd ew¬d a[wlwd 0'aEÅm Ob,H y#dZm[wd (oDvu©eft|uxm 150) ru©vda*gomvonf
ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH r½Sd? ¤if;uHwdkU\ tusdK; r½Sd[k ,lqonf? xdkodkU uH uH\tusdK;udk y,faom
ru©vda*gomv\ ew¬du0g'onf t,kwfnHhqHk;aom0g' Nzpfonf? twdwf tem*wfü yGifhawmfrlNyD;
yGifhawmfrlvwåHU NzpfMuaom bk&m;½SifwdkUonf ur®0g'D ud&d,0g'wdkUom NzpfMuaMumif;? rdrd
(a*gwrbk&m;½Sif)onfvnf; ur®0g'-ud&d,0g'NzpfaMumif;udk ]a,yd aw bdu©a0 ta[oHk twDwr'¨geH
t&[aEÅm or®morÁK'¨g? awyd b*0aEÅm ur®0g'g ap0 ta[oHk? ud&d,-0g'g p (tH? 1? 290) ponfNzifh
t*Fkwå& wduedygwygVdü bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrl\/

tpodkU
24/ trSefpifppf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ wpfb0rS wpfb0 (oHo&m) t,ltqESifh uH

uH\tusdK; ,HkMunfcsuf t,ltqrSm rnfonfhtwå0g'ESifhrQ ra&maESm? wpfoD;wpfoefUom Nzpf\?
NrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom a'oemawmftwdkif; ouf0if,HkMunfMuaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
wpfb0rS wpfb0 (oHo&m) ESifh uH uH\tusdK;ay; t,ltqü rnfonfh twårQ r½Sd? ½kyfw&m;
emrfw&m; (wpfenf;tm;Nzifh) cE¨mig;yg;ç tm,wewpfq,fhESpfyg;ç "mwfwpfq,fh&Spfyg;om ½Sd\? xdk
½kyfemrfw&m;wdkU\ NzpfysuftpOfudk y#doaE¨ pkwdNzifh ydkif;Ncm;owfrSwfí wpfb0[k ac:qdk&\/ xdk
wpfb0twGif;ü ½kyf emrfwdkU\ ysufpD;Ncif;udk cPdur&P-[k ac:qdk&NyD; wpfb0\ aemufqHk;Nzpfaom
½kyfemrfwdkU\ ysufpD;Ncif;udk pkwdç r&P[k ac:qdk&ayonf? ¤if; pkwdç r&P aemufqHk;
ysufpD;aoqHk;cgeD;ü r&Pm-oEéaZm pdwfonf aemufb0ü Nzpf&rnfh aumif;ç raumif;aom tm½Hkudk
tm½Hkûyí csKyf\/ xdkUaemuf b0wpfck\ aemufqHk; pkwdpdwf Nzpfí csKyfysufum wpfb0
tqHk;owfawmh\/ xdkodkU pkwdpdwf csKyfysufí wpfb0tqHk;owfaomfvnf; t0dZÆm NcH&Hç
wyfrufwG,fwmrIwPSm t&if;cHí uHudavom ruif;Muao;olwdkUtzdkU a½S;u ûyvkyfqnf;yl;tyfaom
uHw&m;wkdU\ tpGrf;tm;aMumifh b0opfü y#doaE¨ pdwfonf a½S;b0 aocgeD;umv r&Pm oEéaZmpdwf
tm½HkûycJhaom aumif;ç raumif; tm½Hkudkyif tm½Hkûyí ½kyfemrfcE¨mtopf qufvufNzpfum
Nzpfysufwpfb0wm c&D;quf&Nyefavonf? þum; b0ul;yHkwnf;/
b0a[mif;u r&PmoEéaZmpdwf tm½HkûycJhaom aumif;ç raumif; tm½Hkudkyif tm½Hkûyvsuf
b0opf y#doaE¨pdwfonf NyD;cJhaom b0rsm;u ûyvkyftyfaom uH udavomwdkU\ tpGrf;tm;aMumifh
Nzpfay:&aompdwf NzpfNcif;wdkUaMumifh b0ESpf&yf aMumif;usdK;pyfvsuf Nzpfay:Ncif;om Nzpf\?
NAm[®P0g'DwdkU ,lqaom rysufrpD; tNrJwnfonfh rnfonfhtwårQ ryg r&Sday/
25/ xdkodkU ½kyfemrf cE¨m tm,we "mwfwdkU aMumif;usdK;pyfí tpOfrNywf qufumqufum
NzpfaeNcif;udkyif y#doaE¨ç pkwdwdkUNzifh ydkif;Ncm;owfrSwfNyD; wpfb0NyD; wpfb0 Nzpf&Ncif; (oHo&m)[lí
ac:qdk&aMumif;udk r[med'geokwf t|uxmü atmufygtwdkif; Nyqdkxm;ayonf/
cE¨meOö y#dygVd? "mwktm,weme p/
taAÁmpädEéH 0wårmem? oHoma&mwd y0kpöwd
wH oAÁrÜd emwd0wåwd? Emwduúrwd? tx acg pkwdawm y#doE¨ð
y#doE¨dawm pkwdEÅd {0H ykeyÜKeH pkwdy#doE¨da,m *PSEÅm wDok
ba0ok/ y / t&dAÇrwda,0 ('D? |? 2? 86)/
cE¨mwdkU\ taMumif;tusdK;tm;Nzifh tqufquf NzpfNcif;udkvnf;aumif; "mwf tm,wewdkU\
rNywf Nzpfonfudkvnf;aumif; oHo&m[lí qdktyf\/
þowå0gtaygif;onf xdktvHk;pHkaom tyg,fqif;&J oHo&m0#fqif;&Judkvnf; rvGefaNrmufEdkif?
pifppfaomfum; pkwdrS y#doaEüdkvnf;aumif;? y#doaE¨rS pkwdudkvnf;aumif; þodkU tzefwvJvJ pkwd

tpodkU
y#doaE¨wdkUudk ,lukefvsuf b0oHk;yg;ç a,medav;yg;ç *wdig;yg;ç 0dnmP|dwdckepfyg;ç owåm0go

udk;yg;wdkUü ork'´&m0,f avt[kef wdkufvTifhtyfaom avSuJhodkUvnf;aumif;? ,EÅ&m;qDqHkü uaom
EGm;uJhodkUvnf;aumif; tzefwvJvJ vnf&awmhonfom/
oHo&myO§m (oHo&mNyóem)
26/ oHo&m[lonf tb,fygenf;[k rdvdE´rif;u t½Sifem*aoetm; ar;avQmufaomaMumifh
vlNydef; em;vnfap&ef vG,fvG,f aNzMum;xm;onfudk þodkU awGU&\/
rif;MuD; . . . þt&yf þbHkü Nzpfí þt&yf þbHküyifvQif ao\? þt&yf þbHkü aoí
wyg;aom t&yf wyg;aom bHkü NzpfNyef\? xdkt&yf xdkbHkü aoí wyg;aom t&yf wyg;aom bHkü
NzpfNyef\? rif;Nrwf þodkUvQif oHo&monf Nzpf\-[k t½Sifem*aoeu rdefUqdk aNzMum;\/ (rdvdEýO§m
NrefrmNyef-88-89)
27/ udavomudk y,fzsufEdkifaom t&[wår*fÓPfawmfudk r&ao;onfNzpfí todef;ru
rsm;pGmaom b0oHo&mywfvHk; usifvnfcJh&aMumif;udk NrGuf[awmfrlaom NrwfpGmbk&m;\
taeuZmwdoHom&H paom yxrAk'¨0pe- a½S;OD;aom pum;awmfNzifhyif Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ wpfb0rS
wpfb0NzpfNcif; (oHo&m)udk vufcH,HkMunf ,lqrIonf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU pGyfpGJonfh
twå0g'vnf; r[kwf? oów0g'vnf; r[kwf? twå oów0g'vnf;r[kwf? NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif\
tewåabmiftwGif;u 0g' NzpfaMumif; odom xif½Sm;vS\/
xdkUaMumifh-
]]taeuZmwdoHom&H? oE¨m0dóH tedAÁdoH}} (ck? 1? 36)
xdkt&[wår*fÓPfawmfudk r&ao;onf Nzpfí b0rsm;pGm oHo&mywfvHk; usifvnfcJh&avNyD [lí
bk&m;NzpfvQif Nzpfcsif; NrwfpGmbk&m; rdefUMum;cJhavNyD/
28/ wyfrufwG,fwm om,mrIwPSm ork',opöm ruif;ao;orQ umvywfvHk;
b0topftopfü cE¨mig;wef ½kyfemrf[laom 'ku©opöm xyfí xyfí Nzpfrnfudkvnf;aumif;?
wPSmuif;Nywfaomtcgü b0topf wpfzef Nyefí rNzpfawmhyHkudkvnf;aumif; NrwfpGmbk&m;\
udk,fawGUusifhpOf a½S;OD;pGm a[mMum;tyfaom "r®pMuma'oemawmfrS atmufyg pum;awmfNzifhyif
wpfb0rS wpfb0oHo&mrSm twå0g'r[kwf NrwfpGmbk&m;0g' NzpfaMumif; odom xif½Sm;\/
,m,H wPSm aygaemAÇ0dum=tMuif wPSmonf b0topfü Nzpfapwwf\/
t,rEÅdrm Zmwd ew¬d 'ged ykeAÇa0g=þum; aemufqHk;b0wnf;? ,cktcg b0topfü Nzpf&Ncif;
r½SawmhNyD? wpfyg;aom b0opfrnfonf r½SdawmhNyD/

tpodkU
29/ uHç wPSmç 0dnmPfwdkU Nzpfay:wnf&SdaomaMumifh aemifwzef b0topfü xyfí

Nzpf&yHkudk t*Fkwå&ygVd? wduedygwf? yxrb0okwf? 'kwd,b0okwf ESm-224-225/ ¤if; NrefrmNyef-241-
242 wdkUü bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;xm;onfrSm-
tmeE´m umr"mwf(umrbHk)ü tusdK;ay;wwfaomuH rNzpfcJhvQif umrb0onf xif&Sm;
Nzpfay:EdkiftHhavm[k rdefUawmfrl\? rNzpfay:Edkifyg t½Sifbk&m;? tmeE´m þodkUvQif uHonf v,f,maNrESifh
wl\? 0dnmPfonf rsdK;aphESifh wl\? wPSmonf tap;a&ESifh wl\? t0dZÆm ydwfyiftyfukefonfNzpfí
wPSmtaESmiftzGJU ½Sdukefaom owå0gwdkUtm; ,kwfedrfhaom umr"mwf (umrbHk)ü 0dnmPfonf wnf\?
þodkU wnfaomf aemifwpfzef b0opfü Nzpf&\? (ponfwnf;/)
xdkUNyifvnf; wPSm[laom aemufvdkuftazmf&Sdaom owå0gonf ½SnfNrifhpGmaom umvywfvHk;
NzpfvwåHUaom oHo&mudk rvGefaNrmufEdkifyHkudk-
wPSm'kwda,m yk&daom? 'DCr'¨ge oHo&H/
£w¬bm0nxmbm0H? oHom&H emwd0wåwd (tH? 1? 316)/
wPSmvQif tazmf½Sdaom owå0gonf ½SnfpGmaom umvywfvHk; usifvnf&vsuf þNzpfay:qJ
cE¨mudk,f? tNcm;NzpfvwHh cE¨mudk,f[laom (cE¨m tm,we "mwfwdkU\ tpOfrNywf NzpfNcif;) oHo&mudk
rvGefaNrmufEdkifacs[lí a[mMum;xm;ayonf/ (t*Fkwå&edum,? Pwkuúedygwf? wPSKyÜg'okwf)
b0wPSm uif;Nywfaomoltm; wpfzef b0topf rNzpfawmhyHkudk ]]OpäEéb0wPSmó? ew¬d
wó ykeAÇa0g}} [lí okwåedygwfygVdawmf? 'G,wmEkyóemokwf? ESm-349 ü a[mxm;awmfrl\/
uH uH\tusdK;
30/ wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU Nzpf&usifvnf&Ncif; (oHo&m)udk xkwfaqmifNyNcif;Nzifh uH
uH\tusdK;ay;udk NyqdkNcif;udpö NyD;pD;Edkifaomfvnf; ydkí ay:vGifxif½Sm;aom uH\NzpfaMumif;ESifh
uH\tusdK;ay; tqufqufaom b0wdkUü uH\tusdK; cHpm;&yHkudk xkwfaqmifNyvdkao;\/
,H bdu©a0 avmbyuwH ur®H avmbZH avmbed'geH avmbrk',H (tH? 1? 133)/ (ponf)
]]&[ef;wdkU . . . taMumif;uHudk avmbonf ûytyf\? avmbaMumifh Nzpf\/ avmbvQif
taMumif;ed'gef; ½Sd\/ avmbvQif taMumif;ork', ½Sd\? tMuifbHkü xdkuHonf tusdK;ay;\? xdkbHk0,f
rsufarSmufb0üaomfvnf;aumif;? 'kwd,b0üaomfvnf;aumif;? tqufqufaom b0ü
aomfvnf;aumif; xdkuH\ tusdK;udk cHpm;&\}} [k ed'geokwfü NrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrl\/
xdkUNyif t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? yOöuedygwf? okreokwf 27-28? ¤if; NrefrmNyef 35?36 ü vnf; --
o'¨gç oDvç ynm wlrQaom NrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynfhom0uESpfOD;wdkUwGif wpfOD;onf
ay;vªwwfí wpfOD;um; ray;vªwwf? xdkolESpfOD;wdkU aoNyD;aemuf ewfNynfavmuodkU vm;a&mufMuvQif
ewfNzpfcsif; wlaomfvnf; ay;vªwwfolonf ray;vªwwfoludk ewfü Nzpfaom toufç tqif;ç csrf;omç

tpodkU
tNcHt&Hç tpdk;&Ncif;[laom taMumif;ig;rsdK;wdkUNzifh omvGefEdkif\/ touf ydk½Snfonf/ tqif; ydkvSonf/

tNcHt&H ydkrsm;onf/ tpdk;&rItmPm ydk½Sdonf[k qdkvdkayonf/
tu,fí ewfNynfrS pkawí vlUbHkvlUtNzpfodkU a&mufvmMurl vlüNzpfaom toufç tqif;ç
csrf;omç tNcHt&Hç tpdk;&Ncif;[laom taMumif;ig;rsdK;wdkUNzifh omvGefEdkif\ ponfNzifh okrerif;orD;tm;
NrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;xm;awmfolavonf/
31/ vlcsif;twlwl Nzpfygvsuf ûyvkyftyfaom uHw&m; rwlaomaMumifh t,kwftNrwf
tusdK;ay; uGmNcm;yHk? i&Jb0 a&muf&yHk? vlUb0a&mufyguvnf; toufwdkNcif;ç touf½SnfNcif; paom
tusdK;ay; uGmNcm;yHkrsm;udk Oy&dPÖmoygVdawmf? ESm 243-9? plVur®0db*Fokwfü NrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mMum;xm;onfudk Munfhu wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU usifvnf&Ncif;ESifh uH uH\ tusdK;ay;w&m;
qufoG,faeaMumif; ydkí xif½Sm;ayonf/
]]t½Sifa*gwr . . . vlcsif; twlwl Nzpfygvsuf vlwdkU\ t,kwftNrwftNzpf (,kwfedrfUol?
NrifhNrwfol) udk awGU&ygukef\? Touf½Snfolç wdkolç tem rsm;olç enfolç tqif;vSolç rvSolç
wefcdk;tNcHt&H enf;olç rsm;olç Opöm enf;olç rsm;olç trsdK;Zmwf nHholç NrifhNrwfolç ynm rwwfolç
wwfolwdkUudk awGUae&ygukef\/ xdkodkUNzpf&Ncif;\ taMumif;&if;rSm tb,fhaMumifhygenf;}} [k
okbvkvifu NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifudk avQufxm;&m NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifu ]]okbvkvif . . . owå0gwdkUonf
rdrdûytyfaom uHomvQif Opöm½Sdukef\/ rdrduH\ tarGcHom Nzpfukef\/ rdrduHomvQif taMumif;&if;
½Sdukef\/ uHomvQif taqGcifyGef; ½Sdukef\/ uHomvQif udk,fpm; axmufwnf&m ½Sdukef\}} [k
tusOf;tm;Nzifh a[mMum;&m em;rvnfaomaMumifh tus,fa0zef a[mMum;yg&ef avQmufxm;oNzifh
a[mNyawmfrlonfrSm -
]]okbvkvif . . .þavmuü tcsdKUaom rdef;r a,musfm;onf olUtoufudk owfavh½Sd\/
&ufpufMurf;êuwf\/ aoG;pGef;aom vuf½Sd\/ owfNzwfn§if;qJrIü ouf0ifaompdwf ½Sd\/ owå0gwdkUü
roem;wwf? xdkrdef;r a,musfm;onf þodkU rSm;,Gif;aqmufwnfaomuHaMumifh cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;í
aoNyD;onf\ aemufü csrf;omuif;&m i&JodkU usa&muf&\/ i&JodkU ra&muf vltNzpfodkU a&mufcJhaomf
Nzpf&mNzpf&m b0wdkif;ü toufwdk\/ vkvif . . . olUtoufudk owfavh½Sdaom Murf;êuwf&ufpufaom
aoG;pGef;aomvuf½Sdaom owfNzwfrIü pdwf0ifpm;aom (owå0gwdkUü roem;wwfaom) ol\ owfNzwfrI
ygPmwdygwuHonf toufwdkNcif;udk Nzpfapwwfaomtusifh rnf\/
okbvkvif . . . þavmuü tcsdKUaom rdef;ra,musfm;onf olUtoufowfNcif;udk y,fpGefUí
olUtoufowfNcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\? csxm;tyfNyD;aom wkwf"m;vufeuf½Sd\/ raumif;rI
ygPmwdygwuHudk ûyvkyfNcif;rS ½Sufwwf\/ owå0gwdkUudk oem;wwf\/ tvHk;pHkaom owå0gwdkU\
tpD;tyGm;udk udk,fcsif;pmw&m;Nzifh oem;apmifha½Smufwwf\/ xdkodkUoabm&Sdaom rdef;ra,musfm;onf
þodkU NynfhpHkpGm wnftyfaomuHaMumifh aoNyD;onfrS aemufü aumif;aomvm;&m xufewf½GmodkU

tpodkU
uyfa&muf&\/ tu,fí ewfNynfodkU ra&mufbJ vltNzpfodkU a&mufcJhaomf Nzpf&mNzpf&mb0ü

touf½Snfwwf\/
okbvkvif . . . olUtoufowfNcif;udk y,fpGefUí olUtoufowfNcif;rS a½SmifMuOfaom
csxm;tyfNyD;aom wkwf"m;vufeuf½Sdonf Nzpfí owfNzwfrIudk ½Sufwwfaom owå0gwdkUudk
oem;n§mwmwwfonf Nzpfí tvHk;pHkaom owå0gwdkU\ tusdK;pD;yGm;udk oem;apmifha&Smufwwfaom ol\
olUtoufudk owfNzwfNcif;rS a½SmifMuOfNcif;onf touf½SnfNcif;udk Nzpfapwwfaom tusifh rnf\}}
ponfwnf;/ (tusOf;csHK;í NrefrmNyefvdkufonf)
32/ b0ESifh uH uH\tusdK;udk NrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odí
bk&m;tNzpfudk 0efcHawmfrlyHk? y&dwfowftv,fü &J&ifhpGm NrGufqdk a[mMum;awmfrlyHkrsm;udk
t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? 'ou? oD[em'okwf? 283? ¤if; NrefrmNyef-284 ü atmufygtwdkif; vm½Sdayonf/
&[ef;wdkU aemufwpfrsdK;um; NrwfpGmbk&m;onf twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefNzpfukefaom
aqmufwnftyfaom uH\tusdK;udk taxmuftyHh tm;Nzifhvnf;aumif;ç taMumif;tm;Nzifhvnf;aumif;
[kwfwdkif;rSefpGm cGJNcm;odawmfrl\/ (ponf)
&[ef;wdkU aemufwpfrsdK;um; NrwfpGmbk&m;onf tvHk;pHk (*wdig;wefESifh edAÁmef) odkU
a&mufaMumif;tusifhudk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm cGJNcm;odawmfrl\/ (ponf)
þodkU xkwfaqmifNytyfaom Ak'¨NrwfpGmbk&m;a'oemawmf taxmuftxm;wdkUNzifh
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU ouf0if,HkMunftyfaom wpfb0rS wpfb0NzpfNcif; (oHo&m)ESifh uH uH\tusdK;wdkUonf
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU pGyfpGJouJhodkU twå0g' r[kwf? NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwdkifodí
[kwfwdkif;rSefpGm a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom a'oemawmfvmtwdkif; rSefuefpGm ouf0if,HkMunftyfaom
Ak'¨0g'ppfppf ,HkMunfvufcHcsufrsm;om Nzpfonf/
oDvcH,lNcif;
33/ oDvESifh ywfoufí aom"emMu&mü or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf t,l0g'ESifh
pyfí NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif rlcsvrf;ñTefxm;aom auorkwådokwfç omVokwfvrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udk vGefpGm
NrwfEdk;Muolrsm; Nzpfygonf[k aom"emxm;Muaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkU\ aNz½Sif;csufrsm;rSm vlaovlNzpf
t,ltqabmifrS rausmfvGefonfhNyif vlaovlNzpfq&m\ pum;vHk;rsm;udk rsm;pGm
oHk;EIef;aNz&Sif;xm;onfudk awGU&\? igwdkU av;pm;aom &[ef;(OD;Ouú|)\ pum;rS trSefw&m;
Nzpfonf[laom pGJvrf;csufMuD;Nzifh pGJ,lxm;yHkrSm ay:vGifaeayonf? xdkUaMumifh auorkwådokwfudk
rdrdwdkUudk,fwdkif NyefvnfqefUusifaeMuayonf/

tpodkU
34/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf ygVdysufudk b,fq&mu oifay;xm;aom ygVd[k

0efrcHMubJ i,fpOfu vlMuD;olrç rsm;u oifay;vdkufaompmudk ,ckwdkifyif owd&rSwfrdaeygonf?
ygVdawmfxJu aNymygonf? rnfonfhygVdawmfxJu[k rod&yg? vkyfygVdawmfawmh [kwf[efrwlyg/
yd#uwfuRrf;usifvQif awGUEdkifaom ygVd[k aNymygonf[k ½SnfpGmaom ed'gef;pum;cif;NyD; Oy&dPÖmoygVd?
yOöwå,okwf ESm-21rS ygVdawmfudk zsufí xkwfNyteufay;xm;onfudk awGU&\/
þodkU ygVdawmfudk zsufí xkwfNyteufay;xm;Ncif;onf ppfrSefaom r*¾ifoDvNzpfonfh
or®m0gpm or®mur®EÅ or®mtmZD0wdkUudk aqmufwnfvsuf &Sdygonfqdkaom or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJU0ifwdkU\ raNzmifhrSef r½dk;om;aom oabmxm;udk txift½Sm; azmfNyovdk Nzpfaeayonf/
y#dbEÅd=xifukef\ [laom rl&if;ygVdteufudk zsufí y#dyÜwd=usifhMuukef\-[k
azmufazmufNyefNyefvkyfNyD; oDvcH,lMuaom Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;udk ukefonfvdkusifholrsm;ç
oów0g'Drsm;[k pmESifh ayESifh xkwfNyí pGyfpGJvdkufMuNcif; Nzpf[ef &Sd\/
rl&if;ygVdpm\ oabmrSm aovQif NrJ\[k t,l&SdMuaom oów0g'DwdkU\ t,ludk
aovQifNywf\ aemufb0r&Sd[k t,l½Sdaom Oapä'0g'DwdkUu aemufü usifvnfNcif;udk wG,fwmuyfNidNyD;
aNymaeMuwmyg? wu,fNrJwm r[kwfygbl;[k qefUusifuefUuGufaNymqdkNcif;\ taMumif;udkazmfNyNyD;
oów0g'DwdkU\ t,ludk ukefonfyrm NrwfpGmbk&m; ÓPfawmfü xifyHkudk azmfNyaompmydk'f Nzpf\?
xdkUaemuf qufí aovQif Nywf\/ aemufb0r½Sd[kt,l&SdMuaom Oapä'0g'DwdkU\ t,ludkvnf;
y&rw¬tm;Nzifh xif&Sm;½Sdaom ouúm, (Oyg'geu©E¨mtaygif;)udk aMumuf½GHUpufqkwf½GH½SmMuukefvsuf
ouúm,odkUom tpOfaNy;0if tzefzef usifvnfaeMu&aMumif; wdkifikwfü êud;Nzifh csnfxm;aom acG;onf
xdkwdkifikwfudkom tzefzef vSnfhvnfaNy;ae&yHkrsdK; azmfNyxm;onfudk awGU&rnf Nzpf\? p-o-C-Z-u
[laom yom'½kyfig;yg; ½kyf0g'udk w&m;aoudkifxm;í Oapä''d|d t,lbufodkU ñGwf,drf;aeaom
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm; owdxm;pOf;pm;p&m Nzpfay\/
35/ oDvcH,laqmufwnfNcif; OykofoDwif;apmifhoHk;Ncif;onf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU
pGyfpGJouJhodkU twåoów0g'vnf; r[kwf? twå0g'EG,faom tvkyfrsm;vnf; r[kwfbJ NrifhNrwfaom
Ak'¨bmom0if t&d,mom0uwdkU usifhoHk;aqmufwnf&rnfhoDv NzpfaMumif;udk t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf?
t|uedygwf? oHcdwåLaygoxokwf 79? ,if; NrefrmNyef 8-ü NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif
atmufygtwdkif; a[mazmfñTefNyxm;ayonf/
&[ef;wdkU . . . t*Fg½SpfrsdK;ESifh NynfhpHkonfh usifhoHk;tyfaom Oykofonf tusdK;MuD;\/
tmedoifMuD;\/ wefcdk;MuD;\/ MuD;aom ysHUESHUNcif; ½Sd\/ &[ef;wdkU . . . tb,fodkU usifhtyfaom
t*Fg½SpfrsdK;ESifh NynfhpHkonfh Oykofonf tusdK;tm;edoifMuD;aom wefcdk;MuD;aom ysHUESHUNcif;½Sdaom
Oykofrnfoenf;/

tpodkU
&[ef;wdkU . . . þomoemawmfü t&d,mwynfhonf þodkU qifNcif\/ &[EÅmwdkUonf

toufxufqHk; toufowfNcif;udk y,fí toufowfNcif;rS a½SmifMuOfukwf\/ wkwf"m;vufeufudk
csxm;NyD; Nzpfukef\/ ½Sufwwfoem;wwfonf Nzpfí cyfodrf;aom owå0gwdkU\ tpD;tyGm;udk
vdkvm;vsuf aeukef\? igonfvnf; þwpfnOfhESifh wpfaeUywfvHk; toufowfNcif;udk y,fí
toufowfNcif;rS a½SmifMuOfí wkwf"m;vufeufudk csxm;í ½SufNcif;&Sdolç oem;Ncif;odkU a&mufolç
cyfodrf;aom owå0gwdkU\ tpD;tyGm;udk vdkvm;ol Nzpfí aeygtHh? þtaMumif;t*FgNzifhvnf; &[EÅmwdkUudk
twkvdkufí ûyygtHh? þodkUûyaomf igonf OykofusifhoHk;onf rnfayvdrfhrnf-[k qifNcif\/ þyxr
t*FgESifh NynfhpHk\/ (ponf)
oDv orm"d ynm odu©moHk;&yf tusifhNrwfudk a[mMuawmfrltyfaom a'oemawmfwdkUü
taNccHtusqHk; ta&;tMuD;qHk;Nzpfonfh oDvESifhywfoufí a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom a'oemawmfaygif;
rsm;pGm ½Sdayonf? xdkUaMumifh oDvcH,l usifhoHk; aqmufwnfNcif;onf tydktvkyfvnf; r[kwf?
Ak'¨0g'usifhpOft& trSefvkyf&rnfh vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufonfh p&Pw&m;om Nzpfayonf/
oydwfoGwfNcif;
36/ oydwfoGwfNcif;ESifh ywfoufí ocifNrwfqdkifu oVm,we0*¾oH,kwf?
todAEüykwåokwf ESm-493-udk &nfñTef;ygonf[lí aom"emxm;\? xdkokwft& aooltwGuf
oydwfoGwfvnf;rxl;? oydwfoGwfvnf; rxl;? odkUNzpfí oydwfoGwfNcif;onf tydktvkyf[k aom"emvdkyHk
&onf? xl; rxl; ¤if;todAEüykwåokwfudk tusOf;csKyf avhvmMunfhoifh\? xdkUaemuf
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ aooltwGuf oydwfoGwfyHkESifh ,SOfMunfh&rnf? odkUrS xl;Ncm;csuf ay:vGifvmrnf
Nzpfayonf/
todAEüykwåokwfü NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif a[mMum;onfrSm ygPmwdygwpaom raumif;rI
tukodkvfrI ûyvkyfaeaom yk*¾dKvfudk vltaygif;u pka0;í þolaoNyD;aemuf ewfNynfodkU a&mufygap[k
awmif;yefonf Nzpfap pifppf xdkolonf i&JodkU a&muf&m\? ygPmwdygw0d&wd paom ukodkvfaumif;rI
ûyvkyfaeoludk vltaygif;u pka0;í þolaoNyD;aemuf i&JodkU a&mufygap[k awmif;yefonfNzpfap?
csD;rGrf;onfNzpfap? vuftkyfcsDvsuf xuf0ef;usifrS vdkufonf Nzpfap pifppf xdkolonf ewfNynfodkU
a&muf&m\ [lí Nzpf\/
37/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU aooltwGuf &nfrSef;í oHCmawmfwdkUtm; qGrf; ouFef;
qufuyfvª'gef;NyD; trQa0 (oydwfoGwf) &mü txufyg todAEüykwåokwfü a[mMum;onfhtwdkif;
vltaygif; pka0;í aooludk ewfNynfa&mufygap[k awmif;yefaeNcif;ç csD;rGrf;aeNcif;ç vuftkyfcsDrdk;
½Sdcdk;vsuf vdkufygaeNcif;rsdK; r[kwfay/

tpodkU
38/ aoqHk;olwpfa,mufonf ykxkZOfobm0 ukodkvf tukodkvfrIrsm;

qnf;yl;ûyvkyfxm;rnfrSm trSef Nzpf\/ aoqHk;cgeD;ü aumif;aom ESvHk;oGif;Ncif;? raumif;aom
ESvHk;oGif;Ncif;Nzifh aumif;raumif; tm½Hkudk tm½HkûyrdrnfrSmvnf; trSef Nzpf\? xdkukodkvf tukodkvfuH
tm½Hktm;avsmfpGm ewfç vlç wd&pämefç i&J*wdrsm;odkU a&mufaeolwdkUudk &nfñTef;onf r[kwfbJ
&nfrSef;ukodkvfûyí trQay;a0Ncif; (ywåd'ge)ç ûyoludk 0rf;aNrmuf0rf;om om"kac:Ncif; (ywåmEkarm'e)
ukodkvf,lygu csrf;omEdkifcGifh&Sdaom ayw*wd a&mufaeol NydwåmwpfrsdK;twGufudk &nfrSef;í
oHCmawmfrsm;tm; qGrf; ouFef; vª'gef;NyD; trQay;a0 oydwfoGwfNcif;NzpfaomaMumifh
vkyfenf;vkyf[efNcif; &nf½G,fcsufNcif; tvGef Ncm;em;vSayonf/
39/ Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU aooltwGuf &nfrSef;í oHCmawmftm; qGrf; ouFef; vª'gef;
trQay;a0aom oydwfoGwfNcif;onf NrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;tyfaom a'oemawmftwdkif; ûyvkyfNcif;yif
Nzpf\/
ZmPkaómPdykPÖm;u avQmufxm;oNzifh NrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlonfrSm-
t½Sifa*gwr . . . tuREkfyfwdkUykPÖm;rsm;onf þtvªonf uG,fvGefaom aqGrsdK;om;csif;odkU
a&mufygap? þtvªudk uG,fvGefaom aqGrsdK;om;csif;wdkUonf oHk;aqmifMuygap[k tvªwdkUudk
vªMuygukef\? aooludk &nfí ûytyfaom ukAÇD;xrif;wdkUudk ûyMuygukef\? xdktvªonf uG,fvGefaom
aqGrsdK;om;csif;wdkUxH a&mufygoavm? uG,fvGefaom aqGrsdK;om;csif;wdkU xdktvªudk
oHk;aqmifMu&ygoavm[k ar;avQmuf\? ykPÖm; . . . a&mufoifhaom t&yfü a&muf\? ra&mufoifhaom
t&yfü ra&muf[k bk&m;½Sifu rdefUawmfrl\? a&mufoifh ra&mufoifhaom t&yf[lonf tb,fygenf;-[k
ykPÖm;u ar;avQmufaomaMumifh uG,fvGefí i&JbHkü wnfolç wd&pämefbHkü wnfolç vlUbHk vltNzpfü
wnfolç ewfbHk ewftNzpfü wnfol þt&yfwdkUonf tvª'gea&mufoifhaom t&yfrsm;r[kwf? NydwåmbHkü
wnfoltm; xdk'geonf a&muf\[k bk&m;½Sifu rdefUMum;awmfrl\? (t*Fkwå&edum,? 'ouedygwf?
ZmPkaómPdokwf? ESm-478/ ,if; NrefrmNyef-469/)
40/ a&muftyf &tyfaom ukodkvftzdkUudk trQay;a0rIonf ywåd'geukodkvfç ay;a0tyfaom
ukodkvftzdkUudk 0rf;aNrmuf0rf;om om"kac:rIonf ywåmEkarm'eukodkvf Nzpfonf? odkUNzpfí oydwfoGwf
trQa0Ncif;onf 0rf;aNrmufEkarmf om"kac:aom ayw*wd a&mufaeoltm; aumif;NrwfaomtusdK;
rkcs&aponfh ywå'geukodkvfom Nzpfayonf/
41/ þodkU xkwfaqmifNytyfaom a'oemawmfom"uwdkUNzifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\
qkawmif;Ncif;ç oDvcH,lNcif;ç oydwfoGwfNcif;ç wpfb0rS wpfb0NzpfNcif;ç csrf;omNcif;ç
qif;&JNcif;wdkUonf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU pGyfpGJ uJh&JU ½IwfcsouJhodkU tydkoufoufudpörsm;ç
tûrHuwday;rIrsm;ç t"dyÜm,frJh ,HkMunfvkyfudkifrIrsm;ç twå0g'rsm; r[kwfonfrSm xif½Sm;vS\?

tpodkU
ur®óuwm 'ge oDvrsm;udk bk&m;½Sif tm;ray;[lonfrSm udk,fvdk&mudk,f qGJ,laNymaom t,lrSm;

rdpämpum;om Nzpfonf/
42/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUacgif;aqmifwdkUonf ur®H y#dAm[aEÅemyd 0dygaum y#dAm[dawm
a[mwd? 0dyguH y#dAm[aEÅemyd ur®H y#dAm[dwH a[mwd-oDvu©E¨0*¾t|uxm 150-ü rdefUtyfouJhodkU
taMumif;uHudk ypfy,fNcif;Nzifh tusdK;udk ypfy,f&m a&muf\? tusdK;udk ypfy,fyguvnf; taMumif;udk
ypfy,fNyD; Nzpfawmh\? yl&Puóywdw¬dq&mMuD;onf uHudk y,f\? tZdwq&mMuD;onf uH\ tusdK;udk
y,f\? ru©vda*gomvq&mMuD;onf uH uH\tusdK;udk y,f\? txufyg pum;t& olwdkUoHk;OD; tm;vHk;
twlwlyif Nzpf\[k qdkvdkonf/
OD;Ouú| wynfhMuD; ocifNrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf trIaqmif tzGJU0ifwdkUonf
qkawmif; qk,l oydwfoGwfaom ur®óuwm 'ge oDvtrsdK;rsdK; Ak'¨bmomwdkU ûyvkyfMuNcif;udk
NAm[®P0g' Nyefvnf toufoGif;aeMuonf[k vufñdI;xdk; pGyfpGJMu\? odkUaomf OD;Ouú|ESifh
wynfhom;wdkUonfum; ur®óuwm 'ge oDv uH uH\tusdK;wdkUudk csdK;ESdrf y,f&Sm;MuNcif;tm;Nzifh
yl&Puóyç tZdwauourÁvç ru©vda*gomv-[laom wdw¬dq&mMuD; oHk;qlwdkU\ 0g'udk Nyefvnf
toufoGif;aeMuolrsm;NzpfaMumif; ¤if;wdkUpum;t& raNy;om ra&Smifom udk,fhpum;ESifhudk,f
ydwfrdaeMuavNyD/
OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG ocifNrwfqdkif or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU taeNzifh ,ckvdk wdw¬dq&mMuD;wdkU\
rdpäm0g'udk tb,fhaMumifh NyefvnftoufoGif;aeMuoenf;[lrl ¤if;wdkU\ vufudkif0g'Nzpfaom ½kyf0g'
(p-o-C-Z-u yOöyom'0g'ESifh udkufnDaeaomaMumifh Nzpfavonf? rSef\? ½kyf0g't& uH
uH\tusdK;udk rnfodkU vufcHEdkifMuvdrfhrnfenf;/
xdkUNyif "r®pMuma'oemawmfü ]],m,H wPSm aygaemAÇ0dum? tMuif wPSmonf b0topfudk
Nzpfapwwf\}}[k a[mawmfrltyfonfhtwdkif; wPSmonf b0topfNzpfrI[kqdktyfaom 'ku©opöm ½kyf
emrfcE¨mwdkUudk NzpfapEdkif\/ ¤if;'ku©opöm ½kyfç emrfcE¨m tqufqufNzpfrI wpfb0rS wpfb0NzpfNcif;udk
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUu twå0g'[k pGyfpGJNyD; ypfy,fxm;Mu\? xdkodkU tusdK;Nzpfaom b0topf
½kyfç emrfcE¨mtpOfNzpfrI 'ku©opömudk ypfy,fNcif;Nzifh taMumif;Nzpfaom wPSm ork',opömr½Sd[k
ypfy,f&m a&muf\/
'ku©opömESifh ork',opömudk r½Sd[k ypfy,fNcif;Nzifh wPSm ork',opömudk
y,fowfaMumif;Nzpfaom b0topf ½kyfç emrfcE¨mtpOfNzpfrIwnf;[laom 'ku©opömrS
xGufaNrmufaMumif;Nzpfaom r*¾iftusifh r*¾opöudkvnf; ypfy,f&m a&muf\/
b0topf ½kyfç emrfcE¨mtpOfNzpfrI 'ku©opömudk Nzpfapwwfaom wPSmork',opöm\ csKyfNidrf;&m
eda&m"opömudkvnf; ypfy,f&m a&muf\/

tpodkU
xdkUaMumifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ t,ltqonf Ak'ömoemawmfü ta&;tMuD;qHk;

txGwftxdyftusqHk;Nzpfaom opömav;yg;vHk;udk ypfy,fxm;aom omoemy t,ltqNzpfaeayonf?
xdkuJhodkU t,ltq ½SdaeMuolrsm;onf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ qkawmif;Ncif; oDvcH,lNcif; oydwfoGwfNcif;
paom Ak'¨bmoma&;qdkif&m taNccHvkyfief;udpörsm;udk tydkoufouf tvkyfrsm;[lí
uJh&JU½IwfcsaNymqdkMuNcif;rSm tHhMuzG,f&m r&Sdawmhay/
42/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\ aom"emed*Hk;ü 'DyuFbk&m;u Nzpfapownf;[k
trdefUay;Ncif;onf ½Snfa0;aom 91-urÇmxufu udpö Nzpfonf ponfNzifh ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfwdkUudk
xifovdk ykwfcwfa0zefxm;Muonfudk awGU&\? pifppf 'DyuF&mbk&m;u trdefUay;Ncif;vnf; r[kwf? 91-
urÇmxufu udpövnf; r[kwf? ra[mo"mtrwfu bl&d'wfe*g;Nzpf&onf[k rnfonfhusrf;*efürQ
rvm½Sd? odkUygvsuf xifrdxif&m ua,mifuwrf; aNymqdkMuNcif;om Nzpf\? onfrQomru yd#uwfrsm;udk
]]twåe,f us,faeonfh ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfrsm;}}[kyif ykwfcwfoGm;Muao;\/ yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk
vkyfMuHykwfcwfNcif;um; 0efav;aypG/
43/ wdw¬dMuD; yk&PuóyuJhodkU uHudk y,faom tud&d, t,lç wdw¬dMuD;
tZdwauourÁvuJhodkU uH\ tusdK;udk y,faom ew¬du t,lç aovQif Nywf\[laom Oapä't,l
þodkU omoemy t,l½Sdukefaom olwdkUonf ]]ukodkvf tukodkvfudk ûyaomfvnf; ûyonf rrnf/ uH uH\
tusdK; r½Sd? aovQif Nywf\}}[k tzefzef qifNcifESvHk;oGif; ,lqNcif; ûyzefrsm;aomf xdktm½Hkü
rdpämowdouf0ifNyD; pdwfwnfNidrfvsuf aZmpdwfrsm;Nzpfay:um owåraZma&mufygu bk&m;½SifwdkU
udk,fwdkifyif ukpm;a[mNym acscRwfí r&Edkifavmufatmif rdpäm0g'pGJNrJaeMuolrsm; NzpfMu\?
xdkyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf trsm;tm;Nzifh b0rS ruRwfvGwfEdkifaom oHo&m opfikwfrsm; NzpfMu\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfrsdK;udk
tqdyfNyif;xefaom aNrGqdk;uJhodkU (aumif;usdK;vdkvm;olwdkU) a0;a0;ua½SmifoifhaMumif;udk oDvu©E¨0*¾
t|uxm? 150-ü Nyqdkxm;ayonf/
refvnfq&mawmf bk&m;MuD;uvnf; rCa'0vuFmopf tydk'f(319)ü ]]owå0gwpfa,muf?
,lrSm;arSmufudk? odef;avmufbk&m;? rSefaomtm;Nzifh? a[mMum; aNccRwf? tuRwfr&? ed,wNzifh? 0g'tvdk?
aNrMuD;rsdKvnf;? ,ludk pGefUbJ? tusifhvGJí? i&JcHvdrfhrnfaomaMumifh}}[k owday;pum;
rdefUMum;awmfrlcJhayonf/
44/ xdkUNyif NrwfpGmbk&m; tqHk;trawmftwdkif; trSefwu,f aNzmifhaNzmifh rSefrSef
vdkufemusifhMuH vdkonfr[kwfbJ vdkufemusifhMuHvdkouJhodkU aumufuspfpOf;vJpGm {0H yoaEém t[H
b*0wd= tuREkfyf NrwfpGmbk&m;udk Munfñdkygonf ponfNzifh aNymqdkvmaom b*¾0y&dAdkZftm; 'kuú&H acg
{wH b*¾0 w,m tn'd|daue ponfNzifh ]]b*¾0 oifhvdk t,l0g'wpfyg;&Sdaeolonf okb0darmu©odkU
uyfa&mufí aezdkU&ef cJ,Of;vSayonf}}[k NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwdkif ygxdu0*¾ygVd? ygxduokwf?
28-ü a[mzl;aom xHk;t& trSefwu,f vufcHusifhoHk;vdkMuonf r[kwfbJ wynfhawmfrsm;

tpodkU
vufcHusifhoHk;Edkif&ef ñTefMum;ay;yg[k avQmufxm;Muaom (vlaovlNzpf0g' ½kyf0g') t,lwpfyg;

pGJ0ifaeMuaom or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUudk usifhoHk;EdkifzdkU ñTefMum;&efrSm Ak'¨½SifawmfNrwfyif
wwfEdkifrnfhudpö [kwfay/
þrQaom pum;tpOfNzifh OD;Ouú|ç ocifNrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkU\
,lqcsufrsm; pGyfpGJcsufrsm;onf bk&m;½Sifa'oemawmf ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfwdkUESifh qefUusifaom
rSm;,Gif;pGm,lqxm; pGyfpGJxm;onfh apmfum; ykwfcwfcsufrsm;om Nzpfí t"r®0g'rsm;aom NzpfaMumif;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; tnDtñGwf qHk;NzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf (2)
apm'em trSwf (15)
Oyg'gefESifh pyfaom 0dedpä,
Oyg'gepaom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf a0g[m&pum;vHk;rsm;\ teuft"dyÜm,frSefudk ypfy,fNyD;
udk,fxifovdk teuft"dyÜm,f aumuf,lvsuf a[maNyma&;om;Ncif;ESifh ywfoufí apm'emaom"em
ESpf&yfudk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU\ pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf/
1/ apm'emq&mawmfrsm;u ]]vlaovlNzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoe0g'D
paom olwdkUonf vlaovlNzpf0g'udk usm;uefay;Edkif&ef ygVdawmfrsm;udk rNzpftNzpfç uNypfun§pfç
zspfn§pfNyD; ZGwftwif; teufay;Mu&ovdk bk&m;a[mr[kwf vufvkyfygVdrsm;udk
rw&m;xnfhoGif;Mu&ovdk vlaovlNzpf0g'udk acszsufrnfh ygVd a0g[m&pum;vHk;rsm;\
teuft"dyÜm,frSefudkvnf; ypfy,fNyD; xifovdk t"dyÜm,fNyefqdkMuygonf bk&m;}}[k avQmufxm;MuNyD;vQif
xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ ygVd a0g[m& t"dyÜm,fNyef trSm;wdkUudk (u) tu©&mtrSwfNyrS pí (þ) tu©&m
trSwfNywdkifatmif tcsufaygif; (36)csufrQ xkwfNyí ,if;pum;&yfrsm;onf bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf
t|uxmrsm;ESifh rnDñGwfbJ qefUusifaeygonf[k wifNy apm'emMuonf/
2/ ,if;apm'emcsufudk pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfrsm;u Nyefvnf acsyNcif; rûyEdkifMuaomaMumifh
apm'em pum;&yfudkom (u)trSwfNy apm'emcsufrS pí oabmwl&m aygif;pyfvsuf pdppfoHk;oyfMuaytHh/
(u) Oyg'gef(0g)tpGJqdkwm bmvJ? ¤if;um; tNcm;r[kwf? pdwf0dnmPf(0g) emrfonf
½kyfw&m;udk zefqif;í tkyfpdk;ae\ [laom ,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif; rufwmESifh
zdkUpf(0g) "mwfaoESifh"mwf½Sif (0g) *kPfESifh *kaP;wdkUudk wpfckpD wpfuGJpD
wnfae\[laom ,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif;?
wefcdk;Nym#d[mrsm;ç *gxmrEÅefrsm;ç y&dwfrsm;ç tif;tdkifcvSJUvufzGJUrsm;ç
um,od'¨d yD,od'¨d aq;rsm;ç tdrfruf,mruf\ tusdK; tNypfrsm;ç aA'ifrsm;udk
,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif;?
aemufqHk;ü obm0"r®xuf ausmfvGefaeaom Nzpf&yfrsm;udk (0g)
wefcdk;Nym#d[mrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif;? tpGJtvrf;(0g) Oyg'gef
rnfavawmh\/ (vlaovlNzpfpmtkyf? 'kwd,tMudrf½dkuf ESm-72)
þ(u)trSwfNy pum;&yfudk 0gus tpdwf tpdwf cGJNcm;vdkufvQif (u-1)pdwf0dnmPf(0g)
emrfonf ½kyfw&m;wdkUudk zefqif;í tkyfpdk;ae\[laom ,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf;(0g)Oyg'gef
rnfavawmh\/

tpodkU
(u-2) rufwmESifh zdkUpf(0g) "mwfaoESifh "mwf½Sif(0g) *kPfESifh*kaP;wdkUudk wpfckpD wpfuGJpD

wnfae\[laom ,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf;(0g) Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\/
(u-3) wefcdk;Nym#d[mrsm;ç *gxmrEÅefrsm;ç y&dwfrsm;ç tif;tdkifcvSJUvufzGJUrsm;ç um,od'¨dç
yD,od'¨daq;rsm;ç tdrfruf,mruf\ tusdK;tNypfrsm;ç aA'ifrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf;(0g) Oyg'gef
rnfavawmh\/
(u-4) aemufqHk;ü obm0"r®xuf ausmfvGefaeaom Nzpf&yfrsm;udk(0g) wefcdk;Nym#d[mrsm;udk
,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf;(0g) Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\ [lí pum;0gus 4-0gus Nzpf\/
xdk 4-0guswdkUwGif (u-1) pdwf0dnmPf (0g) emrfonf ½kyfw&m;udk zefqif;í tkyfpdk;ae\[laom
,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf;(0g) Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\ [laom pum;onf rSm;,Gif;aom pum;om
Nzpf\? rSm;,Gif;yHkudk þodkU od&m\/ þpum;0gusü ½kyfw&m;udk a½S;OD;pGm pdppf&m\/
½kyfw&m;onf -
(1) uHaMumifhNzpfaom ur®Z½kyf?
(2) pdwfaMumifhNzpfaom pdwåZ½kyf?
(3) OwkaMumifhNzpfaom OwkZ½kyf?
(4) tm[m&aMumifhNzpfaom tm[m&Z½kyf?
(5) rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifhrQNzpfonf r[kwfaom eukawmpdork|m½kyf [lí 5-rsdK; &Sd\/
xdk 5-rsdK;aom ½kyfwdkUwGif pdwåZ½kyfudk pdwfu(0g)pdwf apwodufwnf;[laom emrfw&m;u
NzpfapaomaMumifh ,if;udk &nf½G,fí ]]pdwf0dnmPf(0g) emrfonf ½kyfw&m;udk zefqif;\}}[k
ac:a0:aNymqdkvdku ac:a0: aNymqdkEdkifonf? (pdwfvQifNzpfaMumif; ½Sdonf? pdwfaMumifh Nzpfonf? pdwfu
Nzpfaponf/ pdwfu zefqif;onf[laom a0g[m& pum;vHk;rsm;onf wpfckESifh wpfck y&d,m,fcsnf;om
Nzpfí t"dyÜm,ftm;Nzifh wlrQMuonf/)
xdkUNyifvnf; -
]]aom ye taqaum tremyH ½lyH ua&mwd? aqaum remyH 'óeD,H? {0ar0
ykxkZÆaem tukovpdawåe 0g ÓP0dyÜ,kwåukoave 0g pu©KorÜ'g'd0d&[dwH 0d½lyH ork|maywd?
ÓPorÜ,kwåukoave pu©KorÜ'g'dorÜEéH tbd½lyH}} (oH? |? 2? 300)
ruRrf;usifaom yif;rif;orm;onfum; rESpfûcdufzG,ftqif;udk ûy\? uRrf;usifaom
yif;rif;orm;onf ESpfûcdufzG,f MunfhcsifpzG,f tqif;udk ûy\? þtwlyif ykxkZOfonf
tukodkvfpdwfNzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? ÓPfESifh r,SOfaom ukodkvfpdwfNzifhaomfvnf;aumif; rsufpd\
NynfhpHkNcif; ponfrS uif;aom (rsufpdonf rNynfhpHkaom) azmufNyefaom (rvSyaom) ½kyfudk
Nzpfapwwf\? ÓPfESifh ,SOfaom ukodkvfpdwfNzifh rsufpd\ NynfhpHkNcif; paom *kPfESifh NynfhpHkvSyaom
½kyfudk Nzpfap\/

tpodkU
þ t|uxmpum;&yfNzifh tukodkvfpdwfESifh ÓPfr,SOfaom ukodkvfpdwfwdkUu rvSyaom ½kyfudk

Nzpfaponf zefqif;onf? ÓPfESifh,SOfaom ukodkvfpdwfu vSyaom ½kyfudk Nzpfaponf zefqif;onf[k
qdkEdkifNyefonf/
xdkUaMumifh pdwåZ½kyfudk pdwfu zefqif;onf[k ,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif; tukodkvfpdwfESifh
ÓP0dyÜ,kwfpdwfwdkUu raumif;aom ½kyf? rvSy rNynfhpHkaom ½kyfudk zefqif;onf? ÓPorÜ,kwf
ukodkvfpdwfu aumif;aom ½kyf vSyNynfhpHkaom ½kyfudk zefqif;onf[k ,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif;
tpGJtvrf; Oyg'gefr[kwf? bk&m;½Sif a'oemawmfudk ,HkMunfaom o'¨gNy|mef;aom r[mukodkvf pdwåKyÜg'f
Nzpfonf[k oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
3/ pdwf0dnmOf(0g)emrfonf ½kyfw&m;udk tkyfpdk;ae\[laom ,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf;(0g)
Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\[laom pum;&yfonfvnf; obm0"r®rS vGJacsmfaeay\/ pdppfMuukeftHh/
pdawåe eD,wd avmaum? Pdawåe y&duówd/
pdwåó {u"r®ó? oaAÁ0 0orEG*l/ (oH? 1? 36)
pdwfonf avmuudk aqmif\? pdwfonf avmuudk qGJiif\? tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkUonfyifvQif
pdwf[laom wpfckaom w&m;\ tvdkodkU tpOfwpdkuf vdkufMuukef\/ (pdwåokwf)
pdwåoHudavom bdu©a0 owåm oHudvdóEÅd? pdwåa0g'gem 0dokZÑEÅd/ (oH? 2? 123)
&[ef;wdkU pdwfnpfñl;Ncif;aMumifh owå0gwdkUudk npfñl;ukef\? pdwfNzLpifNcif;aMumifh (owå0g)
NzLpifukef\/
½lyrSd oHudvd|rSd? oHudvdóEÅd rmP0g/
½lay oka'¨ 0dokZÑEÅd? teu©mwH ra[odem/
pdwårSd oHudvd|rSd? oHudvdóEÅd rmP0g/
pdawå oka'¨ 0dokZÑEÅd? £wd 0kwåH ra[odem/ (oH? |? 2? 299)
½kyfnpfEGrf;onf ½Sdaomf owå0gwdkU npfEGrf;&ukef\? ½kyfonf pifMu,fonf ½Sdaomf owå0gwdkU
pifMu,f&ukef\[k r[m£od rkedxGwfwif bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrrltyfacs? pdwfnpfEGrf;onf ½Sdaomf
owå0gwdkU npfEGrf;&ukef\? pdwfpifMu,fonf ½Sdaomf owå0gwdkU pifMu,f&ukef\[k r[m£od
rkedxGwfwif bk&m;½Sif a[mMum;awmfrltyfayonf/
pdawå *[ywd &u©daw? um,ur®rÜd &u©dwH a[mwd/
0pDur®rÜd &u©dwH a[mwd? raemur®rÜd &u©dwH a[mwd/ (tH?1? 265)
'g,um pdwfudk apmifha½SmufvQif um,uHudkvnf; apmifha½Smufonf rnf\? 0pDuHudkvnf;
apmifha½Smufonf rnf\? raemuHudkvnf; apmifha½Smufonf rnf\/
pdawå *[ywd AsmyaEé? um,ur®rÜd AsmyEéH a[mwd/
0pDur®rÜd AsmyEéH a[mwd? raemur®rÜd AsmyEéH a[mwd/ (tH?1? 265)

tpodkU
'g,um pdwfysufpD;vQif um,uHvnf; ysufpD;\? 0pDuHvnf; ysufpD;\? raemuHvnf;

ysufpD;\/
pdawå *[ywd tAsmyaEé? um,ur®rÜd tAsmyEéH a[mwd/
0pDur®rÜd tAsmyEéH a[mwd? raemur®rÜd tAsmyEéH a[mwd/ (tH?1? 265)
'g,um pdwfrysufpD;vQif um,uHvnf; rysufpD;? 0pDuHvnf; rysufpD;? raemuHvnf; rysufpD;/
þodkU paom bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfrsm;Nzifh pdwfpifMu,faumif;rGefNcif;aMumifh ½kyfw&m;
aumif;rGef pifMu,f&onf? pdwf,kwfnHhnpfEGrf;Ncif;aMumifh ½kyfw&m; ,kwfnHhnpfEGrf;&onf? ½kyfw&m;udk
pdwfu OD;aqmif Nc,fvS,faeonf[laom tcsufonf odomxif&Sm;ayonf/
4/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufaom yk*¾dKvfonf rdrdtdrfrS ausmif;odkU vmonf[k qdkMuygpdkU?
xdkyk*¾dKvf\ ½kyfudk,fMuD;onf tb,fhaMumifh ausmif;odkU a&mufvm&oenf;? pOf;pm;avmh? xdkyk*¾dKvf\
oEÅmefü a½S;OD;pGm ausmif;odkU oGm;vdkaompdwf Nzpfay:xmcJhonf? xdkpdwfaMumifh xdkyk*¾dKvfonf ausmif;odkU
a½S;½IoGm;avawmhonf? xdktcg xdkyk*¾dKvf\ ½kyfudk,fMuD;onf pdwf\ qGJaqmifrIaMumifh wa½GUa½GUNzifh
ausmif;odkU a&mufvmonf r[kwfavm? tu,fí ausmif;odkU oGm;vdkaompdwf rNzpfay:cJhygu
xdk½kyfudk,fMuD;onf tb,fenf;ESifhrQ ausmif;odkU a&mufvmrnf r[kwfacs? þum; vufawGUaywnf;/
y&rw¬obm0tm;Nzifh xif½Sm;atmifNyOD;tHh? wpfpHkwpfckaom t&yfodkU oGm;&mtcgü a½S;OD;pGm
oGm;rnf[laompdwf Nzpfay:vm\/ xdkpdwfNzpfonfESifh wpfûydifeuf pdwfaMumifhNzpfaom
pdwåZ0ga,m"mwfonf cE¨mudk,ftESHU Nzpfay:vm\/ xdk0ga,m"mwfonf rdrdESifh wpfygwnf;
0dnwfac:aom ½kyfudkvnf; Nzpfapavonf/ xdkodkU pdwåZ0ga,m"mwf\ (0dnwfudkyg wpfygwnf;
Nzpfapvsuf) Nzpfay:vmonfhtwGuf pdwf\ trlt&m tvdkqEáMumifh 0ga,m"mwf vIyf&Sm;Ncif;\
tpGrf;Nzifh þ½kyfudk,fMuD;onf wa½GUa½GU pdwfvdk&mt&yfodkU a&mufatmif oGm;&avonf ('D? |? 1? 172)/
NrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmuDw&m;udk a[mawmfrlonfhtcg pdwfudk tMuD;trª; tOD;y"mexm;í
a[mMum;awmfrlonf? avmukwå&mw&m;udk a[mawmfrlonfhtcg ynmudk tMuD;trª; tOD;y"mexm;í
a[mMum;awmfrlonf (tbd? |? 1? 110)/
NyqdktyfNyD;aom bk&m;a[ma'oem t|uxmtqdktrdefUESifh ,kwådobm0wdkUudk axmufqí
pdwf0dnmOf (0g) emrfu ½kyfw&m;udk tkyfpdk;aeonf[k qdkEdkifayonf/ xdkUaMumifh pdwf0dnmOf (0g) emrfonf
½kyfw&m;udk tkyfpdk;ae\[laom ,HkMunfrIonf bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfESifh t|uxmtqdktrdefUrsm;udk
,HkMunfav;pm;aom o'¨gNy|mef;onfh r[mukodkvf pdwåKyÜg'fom Nzpfonf/ tpGJtvrf; Oyg'gef r[kwfay/
þodkU pdppfoHk;oyfNyqdktyfNyD;aom taMumif;wdkUaMumifh ‘]]pdwf0dnmOf (0g) emrfonf ½kyfw&m;udk
zefqif;í tkyfpdk;ae\[laom ,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf; (0g) Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\}} [laom
pum;&yfonf bk&m;a[m a'oemESifh t|uxm tqdktrdefUrsm;udk Ak'¨bmom0ifolawmfpifwdkU

tpodkU
txiftNrifrSm;atmif a&m;om;a[maNymtyfaom pum;om Nzpfí NyqdktyfNyD;aom ygVdawmf t|uxm

a'oem"r®wdkUESifh qefUusifonfh t"r®0g'omNzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkUu oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
(u-2) trSwfNy 'kwd,pum;&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

5/ rufwmESifh zdkUpf (0g) "mwfaoESifh "mwf½Sif (0g) *kPfESifh *kaP;wdkUudk wpfckpD wpfuGJpD
wnfae\[laom ,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf; (0g) Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\[laom (u-2)
trSwfNy'kwd,pum;0gusü ]]rufwmESifh zdkUpf (0g) "mwfaoESifh "mwf½Sif}} [laom pum;&yfonf
yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwfESifh awaZm"mwf 0ga,m"mwfwdkUudk qdkvdkaMumif; a½SUaemuf pum;&yfwdkUNzifh
odom\? ]]*kPfESifh *kaP;}} [laom pum;&yfum; þt&mESifh roufqdkifacs? yx0D tmayg awaZm
0ga,m [laom r[mbkwf "mwfMuD;av;yg;wdkUonf t0dedaAÇm*=(cGJNcm;í r&aumif;aom=0g-wpfckpD
wpfuGJpD rwnfaeaumif;aom) ½kyfNzpfNcif;aMumifh ,if;wdkUudk wpfckpD wpfuGJpD wnfae\[k tbd"r®mudk
avhvmzl;olwdkU ,HkMunfMurnf r[kwfonfhtwGuf txl;pdppf&efrvdk[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
oabmydkufawmfrlMuonf/
(u-3) (u-4) trSwf wwd, pwkw¬ pum;0gusudk pdppfcsuf

6/ wefcdk;Nym#d[mrsm; *gxmrEÅefrsm; y&dwfrsm; tif;tdkifcvSJUvufzGJUrsm;? um,od'¨daq;rsm;?
tdyfruf,mruf\ tusdK;tNypfrsm;? aA'ifrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif; aemufqHk;ü obm0"r®xuf
ausmfvGefaeaom Nzpf&yfrsm;udk (0g) wefcdk;Nym#d[mrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonfvnf;aumif;? tpGJtvrf; (0g)
Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\ [laom (u) trSwfNy wwd,ç pwkw¬ pum;0gusrsm;ü ]]*gxmrEÅefrsm;?
tif;tdkifcvSJUvufzGJUrsm;? um,od'¨d yD,od'¨daq;rsm;? tdyfruf,mruf\ tusdK;tNypfrsm; aA'ifrsm;udk
,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf; (0g) Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\}} [laom pum;&yfrsm;onf Ak'ömoemawmfESifh
roufqdkifaomaMumifh ,if;wdkUudk rpdppf roHk;oyfawmhbJ Ak'ä'oemawmfESifh oufqdkifaom
]]wefcdk;Nym#d[mrsm; y&dwfrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonf tpGJtvrf; (0g) Oyg'gef rnfavawmh\}} [laom
pum;&yfudkom pdppfoHk;oyfMuukeftHh-
bk&m;\ *kPfawmf 9-yg;wdkUwGif b*0g[laom *kPfawmfonf-
1/ £ó&d, 2/ "r® 3/ ,o 4/ od&D 5/ umr 6/ y,wå-[laom bkef;awmf 6-yg;wdkUESifh
NynfhpHkawmfrlNcif;yifwnf;/
xdk 6-yg;wdkUwGif-
(1)(u) rdrd\ udk,fawmfudk tEkNrLozG,f odrfarGUao;i,fatmif zefqif;Edkifaom
]tPdrm}bkef;awmf?

tpodkU
(c) pdwf\tvm; aumif;uifzsm;0,f ayghyg;vsifNref psmefysHMuGoGm;Edkifaom

]vCdrm}bkef;awmf?
(*) udk,fawmfudk tvdk½Sdoavmuf MuD;rm;atmif zefqif;Edkifaom ]r[drm}bkef;awmf?
(C) tqD;twm; tuG,ftumr&SdbJ vdk&mt&yfodkU wpfcPNcif; MuGa&mufawmfrlEdkifaom
]ywåd]bkef;awmf?
(i) t"d|mefNcif; ponf\ tpGrf;Nzifh tvdk½Sdtyfaom tusdK;udk NyD;apEdkifaom
]ygur®]bkef;awmf?
(p) udk,fawmf\ pdwfawmfrS vlrif; ewfrif; ponfwdkUudk ydkifeif;tkyfpdk; vTrf;rdk;Edkifaom
]þodwm}bkef;awmf?
(q) wefcdk;trsdK;rsdK;udk zefqif;Ncif;ESifh pGef;Edkifonf\ tNzpf[laom ]0odwm}bkef;awmf?
(Z) aumif;uifNzifh MuGoGm;pOfNzpfap? tNcm;udpöwpfpHkwpfckudk ûypOfNzpfap NyD;qHk;apvdk&mtcgü
NyD;qHk;apEdkifaom ],w¬umr0om,dwm]bkef;awmf þ 8-yg;aom bkef;awmfonf
]£ó&d,}bkef;awmf rnf\/
(2) r*fav;wefç zdkvfav;wefç edAÁmeftm;Nzifh 9-yg;aom avmukwå&mw&m;awmfonf
]"r®}bkef;awmf rnf\/
(3) avmuoHk;yg;ü ysHUESHUaom [kwfrSefaom *kPfawmfwdkUaMumifh &tyfaom tvGef
oefU½Sif;pifMu,faom ausmfapmNcif;onf ],o}bkef;awmf rnf\/
(4) ½lyum, (½kyfyHkawmf)udk zl;aNrmfNcif;ü aMumifhMupdkufaom vltaygif;\ rsufpdwdkUudk
MunfvifapNcif;iSm pGrf;Edkifaom tvHk;pHkaom tNcif;t&mwdkUESifh NynfhpHkaom tm;vHk;aom
t*FgMuD;i,fwdkU\ vGefpGmwifhw,f oyÜm,faom toa&awmfonf ]od&D}bkef;awmf
rnf\/
(5) tvdk½Sdtyf awmifhwtyfaom udk,fawmf\ tpD;tyGm; olwpfyg;wdkU\ tpD;tyGm;udk
vdkvm;awmifhwonfhtwdkif; NyD;apEdkifNcif;onf ]umr}bkef;awmf rnf\/
(6) wpfavmuvHk; ñGwf½Hk;udk;pm; tm;xm;avmufatmif vGefpGmêud;ukwf
tm;xkwfawmfrlNcif;onf ]y,wå}bkef;awmf rnf\/
þbkef;awmf 6-yg;wdkUESifh NynfhpHkawmfrlNcif;aMumifh NrwfpGmbk&m;onf b*0g[laom
*kPfawmfMuD;Nzifh ausmfMum;awmfrlygayonf/
NrwfpGmbk&m;\ wefcdk;Nym#d[monf þb*0g*kPfawmfü yg0if\/
xdkUaMumifh NrwfpGmbk&m;\ wefcdk;Nym#d[mudk ,HkMunfNcif;onf NrwfpGmbk&m;\ b*0g*kPfawmfudk
Munfñdkaom o'¨gNy"mef;aom r[mukodkvf pdwåKyÜm'fom Nzpfonf/ tpGJtvrf; Oyg'gef r[kwfacs/

tpodkU
7/ bk&m;½SifrS wpfyg;? t½SifplVyE¦uç t½Sifr[myE¦u paom om0uwdkU wefcdk;Nym#d[mNyyHk

taMumif;t&mrsm;vnf; yd#uü txift&Sm;&Sd\/
(ax&*gxm 314? 0dok'¨r*f? 'k? 16-17/ ESifh oH,kwf-'k-480)
xdk£'¨d0d"tbdnmOf ponfwdkUudk &apEdkifonfh usifhpOfrsm;udkvnf;
]]aom {0H orm[daw pdawå/ y/ aom taeu0d[dwH £'¨d0d"H ypöEkabmwd ('D? 1? 73)}}
NrefrmNyef
þodkU wnfMunfaom pdwfonf pifMu,fvwfaomf NzLpifvwfaomf npfaMu;r&Sdvwfaomf
npfñl;Ncif;uif;vwfaomf El;nHhvwfaomf ûyNcif;iSm oifhavsmfvwfaomf wnfwHhvwfaomf
rwkefvIyfNcif;odkU a&mufvwfaomf &[ef;onf wefcdk;zefqif;Ncif; ]£'¨d0d"ÓPf} tvdkUiSm pdwfudk
a½S;½IydkUaqmif\? A½S;½InGwfap\? xdk&[ef;onf rsm;Nym;aom wefcdk;zefqif;Ncif;udk NyD;ap\/
þodkU ponfNzifh xdkxdkygVdawmfwdkUü tNynfhtpHk a[mNyawmfrlcJhavonf? xdkusifhpOfrsm;twdkif;
usifhMuHyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfaom olawmfpifwdkUonf £'¨d0d" paom tbdnmOfwdkUudk {uef &½SdEdkifMuavonf?
þodkU obm0"r®rSefvnf; ½Sdonf? wefcdk; tbdnmOfudk &aMumif; y#dywfusifhpOfvnf; ½Sdonf?
þuJhodkUaom usifhpOfrSefrsm;udk vufawGUokawoeûyí usifhoHk;olwdkUonf þodkU tbdnmOfudk
,HkMunfMuavonf/
xdkUaMumifh wefcdk;Nym#d[mwdkUudk ,HkMunfNcif;onf tpGJOyg'gef r[kwf o'¨gNy|mef;aom
r[mukodkvfpdwåKyÜg'fom Nzpfonf/
þqdktyfNyD;aom pdppfoHk;oyfcsufrsm;t& wefcdk;Nym#d[mwdkUudk ,HkMunfNcif;onf tpGJtvrf;
Oyg'gef Nzpfonf[laom t,lonf ygVdawmf t|uxmwdkUESifh qefUusifaom ½kyf0g'tNrifom Nzpfí
t"r®Nzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
y&dwfrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonf Oyg'gefrnf\ [laom pum;&yfudk pdppfcsuf

8/ y&dwfawmfrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonf Oyg'gefavm? odkUr[kwf ukodkvfpdwfavm qdkonfudk
pdppfqifNcifonf&Sdaomf ]Oyg'gef} qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;[k pdppf&ef vdkayonf? Oyg'gef[lonf
avmbapwodufESifh 'd|dapwodufyif Nzpf\? xdkavmbapwoduf 'd|dapwodufwdkUonf pdwf\
npfñl;aMumif; Oyuúdavo w&m;rsm;om Nzpfayonf? y&dwfw&m;awmfudk ,HkMunfrIonfum; xdkodkUaom
Oyuúdavo w&m;rsdK; r[kwf? Ak'¨bmom0ifolawmfpifwdkUonf r*Fvokwfç arwåokwfç &weokwf paom
y&dwfawmfrsm;udk y&dwfed'gef;rSm vmonfhtwdkif; bk&m;½Sif\ tmPmawmfpuftNzpfNzifh
,HkMunfav;NrwfpGm em,lMuukef\? ,if;odkU em,l&mü ]]om yaeom orÜom'evu©Pm p o'¨g}}
[laom (t|omvdeD t|uxm-162) ESifhtnD tvGef Munfvifaom o'¨gw&m;NzpfyGm;ukefMu\/

tpodkU
xdko'¨gw&m;ESifh,SOfaom pdwfonfum; ]]te0ZÆokc0dygu}} tNypfr½SdNcif;ç aumif;aom tusdK;ay;Ncif;

vu©Pm½Sdaom ukodkvfaZm pdwåKyÜg'fom Nzpfacsonf/
zm;ewfom;0w¬Kvm zm;oli,fonf w&m;awmf\ teuft"dyÜm,fudk rodygbJvsuf w&m;oHü
Munfñdkaom ukodkvfpdwåKyÜg'faMumifh ewfNynfodkU vm;a&muf&avonf? þodkU paom om"ursm;udk
axmufygu Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkU\ y&dwfawmfudk ,HkMunfrIonfvnf; xdkUtwlyif ukodkvfpdwåKyÜg'f
{uefNzpfayonf? xdkUaMumifh y&dwfawmfrsm;udk ,HkMunfrIonf ukodkvfo'¨gpdwfom Nzpfonf?
Oyg'gefrNzpf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) (c) trSwfNy apm'emudk oHk;oyfcsuf

9/ (c) i&Jpcef;ESifh aumif;uifbHkeef;wdkUudk wpfcrf;wpfem; wnfaqmufcJhol
vuform;onfvnf; xdkonfhOyg'gef tpGJNzpfonf [lí uREkfyfwdkU odcJh&avNyD/
(vlaovlNzpf pmrsufESm-303)
azmfNyyg pum;&yfNzifh ]]i&Jpcef;ESifh aumif;uifbHkeef;wdkU &Sdonf[k ,HkMunfrIonf
Oyg'geftpGJNzpfonf}} [k qdkvdkonf? ,if;pum;&yfonf trSm;pifppfom Nzpf\? rSm;yHkudk pdppfaomf
i&Jpcef;ESifh aumif;uifbHkeef;odkU trSefwu,f r½Sdygu r½Sdonfudk ½Sd\[k xifrSwfpGJvrf;rIum; tpGJ
Oyg'gef Nzpf&m\? odkUaomf i&Jpcef;ESifh aumif;uifbHkeef;um; trSef½Sd\? trSefwu,f½Sdaeonfudk
,HkMunfrIonfum; tpGJtvrf; Oyg'gef rNzpfay/
i&Jpcef;ESifh aumif;uifbHkeef;wdkU trSefwu,f½SdyHkudk rsm;pGm a[mMum;xm;csuf ½Sdayonf/
ao,sxmyd bdu©a0 tyÜrwåH £ro®ð ZrÁK'Day tm&mr&mr aP,suH/y/ aywåd0doa,
ypömZm,EÅd (tH? 1? 39)}}
NrefrmNyef
&[ef;wdkU þZrÁL'dyfüarGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom tm&mrf? arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom awm?
arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom aNrt&yf? arGUavsmfzG,faumif;aom a&uefonf tenf;i,frQom ½Sd\?
pifppfaomfum; csdKifh0Srf; Nrifharmufaom aNr? oGm;vmul;cufaom Nrpf? opfikwfql;aNimifh&Sdaom t&yf?
rnDñGwfaom awmifwdkUom rsm;ouJhodkU &[ef;wdkU þtwlyifvQif vlUNynfrS pkawí vlUNynfüyif
wpfzefNyefNzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUonf enf;yg;ukef\? pifppfaomfum; vlUNynfrS pkawí i&JbHkü
NzpfMuukefaom /y/ wd&pämefrsdK;ü NzpfMuukefaom/y/ NydwåmbHkü NzpfMuukefaom owå0gwdkUom
rsm;ukef\/

tpodkU
&[ef;wdkU þtwlyif vlUNynfrS pkawí ewfNynfwdkUü NzpfMuukefaom owå0gwdkUonf

enf;yg;ukef\? pifppfaomfum; vlUNynfrS pkawí i&JbHkü NzpfMuukefaom? wd&pämefrsdK;ü NzpfMuukefaom?
NydwåmbHkü NzpfMuukefaom owå0gwdkUom rsm;ukef\ (tif Nref? 1? 48) /
þenf;twl ewfNynfrS pkawí ewfNynf vlUNynfwdkUü Nzpfukefaom owå0gwdkU enf;yg;í i&J
wd&pämef NydwåmbHkwdkUü Nzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUom rsm;onfudkvnf;aumif;? i&JbHkrS pkawí vlUNynf
ewfNynfwdkUü Nzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUenf;yg;í i&J wd&pämef NydwåmbHkwdkUü Nzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUom
rsm;onfudkvnf;aumif;? wd&pämefrS pkawí vlUNynf ewfNynfwdkUü Nzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUenf;yg;í i&J
wd&pämef NydwåmbHkü Nzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUom rsm;onfudkvnf;aumif;? NydwåmbHkrS pkawí vlUNynf
ewfNynfwdkUü Nzpfukefaom owå0gwdkU enf;yg;í i&Jç wd&pämefç NydwåmbHkü Nzpfukefaom owå0gwdkUom
rsm;onfudkvnf;aumif; NrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmfrlcJhonf/
10/ xdkrS wpfyg;vnf; -
um, 'kpö&dwH uwGm? 0pD 'kpö&dwmed p/
raem 'kpö&dwH uwGm? ,OönH a'o oOödwH/
tuwGm ukovH "r®H? uwGm} emukovH A[Hk/
um,ó ab'g 'kyÜanm? ed&,H aomyyZÆwd (ck? 1? 212)/
ynmrJholonf um,'kp½dkufç 0pD'kp½dkufç raem'kp½dkufwdkUudk ûyNcif;aMumif;vnf;aumif;
(&m*paom) tNypfESifh ,SOfaom tNcm;trIudk ûyaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? ukodkvfuHudk rûybJ
tukodkvfuHudkom tMudrfrsm;pGm ûyNcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;aomtcg i&JodkU a&muf&\/
um,'kpö&dwH [dwGm? 0pD 'kpö&dwmed p/
raem 'kpö&dwH [dwGm? ,OönH a'go oOödwH/
tuwGm ukovH ur®H? uwGme ukovH A[Hk/
um,ó ab'g oyÜanm? o*¾H aom OyyZÆwd (ck? 1? 213) /
ynm½Sdolonf um,'kp½dkufç 0pD'kp½dkufç raem'kp½dkufwdkUudk y,fpGefUaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;
(&m* paom) tNypfESifh,SOfaom tNcm;trIudk y,fpGefUaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? tukodkvfuHudk rûybJ
ukodkvfuHudkom tMudrfrsm;pGm ûyNcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;aomtcg ewfNynfodkU
a&muf&\/
ygyaue p oDave? ygydum, p 'd|d,m/
{aw[d 'GD[d "ar®[d? a,m orEém*awm ea&m/
um,ó ab'g 'kyÜanm? ed&,H aomyyZÆwd (ck? 1? 213) /
(£wd0kwåuygVd-yXroDvokwf)

tpodkU
tMuifolonf ,kwfnHhaom tavhESifhvnf;aumif;? ,kwfnHhaom t,lESifhvnf;aumif;

þw&m;ESpfyg;wdkUESifh NynfhpHk\? ynmrJhaom xdkolonf cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;aomtcg? i&JodkU usa&muf&\/
b'áue p oDave? b'´dum, p 'd|d,m/
{aw[d 'GD[w "ar®[d? a,m orEém*awm ea&m/
um,ó ab'g oyÜanm? o*¾H aom OyyZÆwd (ck? 1? 214)
tMuifolonf aumif;Nrwfaom oDvESifhvnf;aumif;? aumif;Nrwfaom t,lESifhvnf;aumif;
þw&m;ESpfyg;ESifh NynfhpHk\? ynm½Sdaom xdkolonf cE¨mudk,fysufpD;aomtcg ewfNynfodkU a&muf&\/
þodkU ponfNzifh i&JESifh ewfNynfwdkU½Sdonfudk bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmfrltyfaom
okwfaygif;rsm;pGm &Sdavonf? þodkU a'oemawmfrsm; txift&Sm;½Sdaeonfudk axmufqí i&JESifh
ewfNynfwdkU {uef½Sdonf[k oHo, uif;uif; ½Sif;½Sif; rSwf,l&m\/
,if;odkU bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlonfhtwdkif; {uef½Sdaom i&JESifh ewfNynfwdkUudk {uef½Sd\[k
,HkMunfNcif;onf tpGJtvrf; Oyg'gef vHk;0 r[kwf? o'¨gNy|mef;aom r[mukodkvf pdwåKyÜg'fom
Nzpfayonf/
Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwdkU\ i&JESifh ewfNynfudk ,HkMunfcsufonf pk'dwuwdkU pGyfpGJonfhtwdkif;
tuef;,Hk t&rf;,Hk r[kwfacs? r[kwfyHkudk þodkU od&m\/
£" r[m&mZ wxm*awm avmau OyÜZÆwd (y) aom wH "r®H okwGm wxm*aw o'¨H
y#dvbwd ('D? 1? 58) /
NrefrmNyef
rif;Nrwf ylaZmfxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom (tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkUudk) udk,fwdkifrSefpGm odawmfrlaom
todÓPf ]0dZÆm} tusifh ]p&P} ESifh NynfhpHkawmfrlaomç aumif;aom pum;udk qdkawmfrlwwfaomç
avmuudk odawmfrlaomç qHk;rxdkufoludk qHk;rwwfonfh twkrJhyk*¾dKvf Nzpfawmfrlaomç ewfvlwdkU\
q&mNzpfawmfrlaom (opömav;yg;w&m;wdkUudk) odapawmfrlaom bkef;wefcdk;MuD;awmfrlaom
NrwfpGmbk&m;onf þavmuü yGifhawmfrlMu\/ xdkNrwfpGmbk&m;onf ewfESifhwuG rm&fewfESifhwuG
NA[®mESifhwuGNzpfaom þavmuESifh orPNA[®Prif;rsm; vlrsm;ESifhwuGaom owå0gtaygif;udk
udk,fwdkif xl;aomÓPfNzifhodí rsufarSmufûyum a[mMum;awmfrl\? xdkNrwfpGmbk&m;onf tp\
aumif;Ncif;? tv,f\ aumif;Ncif;? tqHk;\ aumif;Ncif;½Sdaom teufESifh NynfhpHk o'´gESifh NynfhpHkaom
w&m;udk a[mawmfrl\? tvHk;pHk xuf0ef;usif NynfhpHkaom xuf0ef;usif pifMu,faom Nrwfaom tusifhudk
Nyawmfrl\/
xdkw&m;awmfudk olMuG,fonfvnf;aumif;? olMuG,fom;onfvnf;aumif; tNcm;Zmwf trsdK;rsdK;ü
Nzpfaom olonfvnf;aumif; Mum;em&\? xdkolonf xdkw&m;awmfudk Mum;em&í NrwfpGmbk&m;ü
,HkMunfrIudk &\/

tpodkU
þodkU paom bk&m;½Sif a½TEIwfawmfxGuf "r®pufa'oemawmfESifhtnD bk&m;½Sif\

t&[wår*fÓPf oAÁñkwÓPfawmfMuD;udk ouf0if,HkMunfaomtm;Nzifh xdkÓPfawmfMuD;Nzifh
rsufarSmufûyvsuf a[mMum;tyfaom i&JbHk ewfbHkwdkU ½Sdonf\ tNzpfudk ,HkMunfNcif; Nzpfayonf/
xdkUaMumifh ]]i&Jpcef;ESifh aumif;uifbHkeef;wdkUudk wpfcrf;wpfem; wnfaqmufcJhol
vuform;onfvnf; xdkonfh Oyg'geftpGJNzpfonf [lí uREkfyfwdkU odcJh&avNyD}} [laom OD;Ouú|\
a&;om;a[maNymcsufonf NyqdkcJhNyD;aom bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfrsm;udk ,HkrSm; oHo,Nzpfatmif
zsufqD;aom t"r®0g'om Nzpfonf[k 0denf;&f"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) (*) trSwf apm'emudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

11/ (*) tb,fukodkvf'geonf tb,fbHkb0ü tusdK;ay;í rGefNrwfaom b0odkU
a&mufEdkifonf[laom t,lonf tpGJOyg'gefoGif;aom w&m;rsdK; Nzpf&m\/
(Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m; pmtkyf? pmrsufESm-71)
azmfNyyg pum;&yfonf bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfrsm;ESifh nDñGwfonf odkUr[kwf
qefusifonfwdkUudk pdppfoHk;oyfMuukeftHh -
ww¬ uwrH ur®óuwÓPH? tw¬d 'dEéH /y/ or®m'd|d? £'H 0kpöwd ur®óuwÓPH/
XaywGm opömEkavmrduH ÓPH oAÁnydomo0g ukovm ynm ur®óuwÓPH
(tbd? 2? 341) /
NrefrmNyef
xdkÓPfwdkUwGif uHomvQif rdrdOpöm½Sdonf\ tNzpfudk odwwfaom ]ur®óuwÓPf} [lonf
tb,fenf; ]]ay;vª&Ncif;\ tusdK;onf ½Sd\/ ,ZfMuD; (tvªMuD;) ylaZmf&Ncif;\ tusdK;onf ½Sd\?
([Hk;ac:aom) ,Zfi,f (tvªi,f) ylaZmf&Ncif;\ tusdK;onf ½Sd\? aumif;pGm ûytyf raumif;oNzifh
ûytyfukefaom aumif;rI raumif;rIuHwdkU\ tusdK;zsm; tusdK;quf ]zv} tusdK;&if; ]0dygu} onf ½Sd\?
(wpfyg;aom avmuü wnfolUtwGuf) þypöKyÜefavmuonf ½Sd\? (þ avmuü wnfolUtwGuf)
wpfyg;aom (wrvGef) avmuonf ½Sd\? trdü aumif;pGm ûyNcif;? raumif;oNzifh ûyNcif;\
tusdK;tNypfonf ½Sd\? tz\ aumif;pGmûyNcif; raumif;oNzifh ûyNcif;\ tusdK;tNypfonf ½Sd\? aoí
wpfzefNzpfaom owå0gwdkUonf ½Sdukef\? þypöKyÜefavmuudkvnf;aumif;? wpfyg;aom (wrvGef)
avmuudkvnf;aumif; udk,fwdkifxl;aom ÓPfNzifh odí rsufarSmufûyum a[mMum;odapEdkifukefaom
&[ef;ykPÖm;wdkUonf avmuü ½Sdukef\}} [k þodkU oabm½Sdaom tMuif tNym;tm;Nzifh odrI ]ynm} /y/
rSefuefpGm odNrifrI ]or®m'd|d} onf ½Sd\? þÓPfudk uHomvQif rdrdOpöm½Sdonf\ tNzpfudk odwwfaom
]ur®óuwÓPf} [lí qdktyf\? opömEkavmrdu ]0dyóem}ÓPfudk csefxm;í tvHk;pHkaom tmo0\
tm½HkNzpfaom ukodkvfynmonf ur®óuwÓPf rnf\/

tpodkU
þ a'oemawmfNzifh tvª\ tusdK;½Sdonf ponfNzifh odwwfaom avmuDukodkvfÓPfonf

uHomvQif rdrdOpöm½Sdonf\ tNzpfudk odwwfaom ur®óuwÓPf rnf\[k bk&m;½Sif
odapawmfrlonf/
'geH 'wGm oDvH orm"d,dwGm Oaygoxur®H uwGm tayÜuapö cwåd,r[momvmeH
o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd/y/ tayÜuapö y&edr®dw0o0wåDeH o[AswH OyyZÆEÅd (tbd? 2? 437) /
NrefrmNyef
tvªudk ay;vªNcif;aMumifh oDvudk aqmufwnfNcif;aMumifh Oykof apmifhoHk;rIudk ûyNcif;aMumifh
tcsdKUolwdkUonf rsm;aom OpömESpf½Sdaom rif;rsdK;wdkU\ taygif;tazmftNzpfodkU uyfa&mufukef\? tcsdKU
olwdkUonf rsm;aom OpömESpf½Sdaom ykPÖm;rsdK;wdkU\ taygif;tazmftNzpfodkU uyfa&mufukef\? tcsdKU
olwdkUonf rsm;aom OpömESpf½Sdaom olMuG,frsdK;wdkU\ taygif;tazmftNzpfodkU uyfa&mufukef\? tcsdKU
olwdkUonf pmwkr[m&mZfewf/ y/ wm0wðomewf/ y/ ,mrmewf/ y/ wkodwmewf/ y/ edr®me&wdewf/
y/ y&edr®dw0o0wåDewfwdkU\ taygif;tazmftNzpfodkU uyfa&mufukef\/
þa'oemawmfNzifh tvªay;vªNcif;? oDvaqmufwnfNcif;? OykofapmifhoHk;Ncif;wdkUaMumifh
rif;ola|;rsdK; ykPÖm;ola|;rsdK;? olMuG,f ola|;rsdK;ESifh ewfNynf ewfb0wdkUü NzpfMu&onfudk bk&m;½Sif
odapawmfrlonf? xdkrSwpfyg; 'ge paom ukodkvfwdkU\ tusdK;rsm;udk bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrltyfaom
okwfaygif;rsm;pGm &Sdayonf/
odkUNzpfí ]]tb,fukodkvf'geonf tb,fb0ü tusdK;ay;í rGefNrwfaom b0odkU
a&mufEdkifonf[laom t,lonf NyqdktyfcJhNyD;aom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;ESifhtnD uHomvQif
rdrdOpöm&Sdonf\ tNzpfudk odaom ur®óuwÓPfç t,laNzmifhrSefaom 'd|dZkur®ukodkvfom Nzpfonf/
Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m;pmtkyf pmrsufESm-17? üvmaom tb,fukodkvf 'geonf tb,fbHkb0ü
tusdK;ay;í rGefNrwfaom b0odkU a&mufEdkifonf[laom t,lonf tpGJOyg'gefoGif;aom
w&m;rsdK;Nzpf&m\ [laom pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkif\ pum;&yfonfum; NyqdktyfcJhNyD;aom
bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfrsm;udkyif tpGJOyg'gefoGif;aom w&m;rsm;[k xdyg;ykwfzwfpGyfpGJ&m
a&mufNcif;aMumifh "r®udk t"r®[k Nyqdk&m a&mufonf? xdkUNyif ukodkvf'ge ,HkMunfrIudk Oyg'gef[k
orkwfNyD; zsufqD;aomaMumifh uHç uH\tusdK;udk y,fzsufaom yl&Puóypaom wdw¬dq&mMuD;wdkU\
0g'rsdK;om Nzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) C+n+!+¡ trSwfNy ap'emwdkUudk oHk;oyfcsuf

12/(C) raemurf-(0g) [',0w¬K (odkUr[kwf) OD;aESmuf½kyfwdkUNzifh ûyvkyfí &aomtrI
(vlaovlNzpf? 'kwf,tMudrf½dkuf? ESm-48)

tpodkU
(n) rerSm ESvHk;tdrf [',0w¬Kü vnfywfaeaom aoG;tpOfudkaumufrS t"dyÜm,f

½Sif;p&m&Sdayonf? þESvHk;aoG;onfom onmu©E¨mNzpfaom OD;aPSmuf\ vkyfief;udk
tm;ay;qufoG,faeaomaMumifh reudk aumufNcif; Nzpfonf?
(ocifNrwfqdkif\ Ak'¨0dyóem? yXrwGJ ESm-60)
(!) [',0w¬K qdkwJh raemtMunf½kyf (tewåa&mifNcnf? ESm-103)
(¡) raemac:aom OD;aPSmufrSm trSeftm;Nzifh onmu©E¨m\ t"dut*Fgyif Nzpfyg\/
(tewåa&mifNcnf? ESm-146)
þazmfNyyg pum;&yfrsm;ü ]]re}} [laom yk'f\ t&udk [',0w¬K½kyf (odkUr[kwf) OD;aPSmuf½kyf
ESvHk;tdrf[',0w¬Kü vnfywfaeaom aoG;tpOfudk aumuf,lxm;onfudk awGU&\? (re-udk
½kyf[kqdkvdk&if; Nzpf\)/
,if;tqdkonf bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfESifh nDñGwfyg\avm? pdppfukeftHh? yg&mZduu@ygVdawmf?
pmrsufESm 93-ü ]],H pdwåH wH raem? ,H raem wH pdwåH}}
tMuif oabmw&m;onf pdwf rnf\? xdk pdwfrnfaom oabmw&m;onf re-rnf\/ tMuif
oabmw&m;onf re-rnf\/ xdk re-rnfaom oabmw&m;onf pdwf rnf\ [lí vnf;aumif;?
uwrH wo®ð ora, pdwåH a[mwd? ,H wo®ð ora, pdwåH raem rmeoH [',H/ y/ £'H
wo®ð ora, pdwåH a[mwd (tbd? 1? 18)/
xdktcg pdwf[lonf tb,foabm Nzpfoenf;? xdktcgü tMuif qef;Mu,faom oabm ]pdwåH}?
tm½HkodkU ñGwfí odwwfaom oabm ]re} odNcif;oabm ]rmeo} pdwfESvHk; ][',} /y/ xdktcgü
pdwf[lonf þoabmNzpf\ [lívnf;aumif; -
reOö y#dpö "ar® p OyÜZÆwd pdwåH raem rmeoH [',H/ y/ t,H 0kpöwd raem0dnmP"mwk
(tbd? 2? 92)/
tm0ZÆef;ESifh wuGNzpfaom b0ifpdwfudkvnf;aumif;? pwkblrdu "r®m½HkwdkUudkvnf;aumif; pGJrSDí
qef;Mu,faom oabm ]pdwå} tm½Hkudk EdIif;csifhvsuf odwwfaomoabm ]re} odNcif;oabm ]rmeo}?
twGif;ü Nzpfaomoabm ][',} onf/ y/ Nzpf\? þoabmudk raem0dnmP"mwf[lí qdktyf\
[lívnf;aumif; rsm;pGmaom a'oemawmfwdkUü bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif ]]re}} udk ]pdwf} [lívnf;aumif;
]redaNE´} ]raem"mwf} ]raem0dnmP"mwf} [lívnf;aumif; a[mawmfrlonf/
,if;a'oemawmfrsm;ü ]]pdwåH raem rmeoH [',H}} [k ]][',} yk'fudk xnfhoGif;í
a[mxm;Ncif;aMumifh ][',0w¬K½kyf} [laom teufudkvnf; rodem;rvnfolrsm; ,HkrSm;zG,f ½Sdae&um;
t|omvdeDt|uxm? pmrsufESm-184? 185 ü ]][',o'´gonf &if[laom teufç pdwf[laom teufç
[',0w¬K½kyf[laom teuf 3-rsdK;udk a[maomfvnf; þ ]]pdwåH raem rmeoH [',H}} [laom t&mü
]][',}} o'´gonf ]]pdwf}} [laom teufudk a[monf}} [k ½Sif;Nyawmfrlonf/

tpodkU
þodkU bk&m½&Sifudk,fawmfwdkif ]re} udk pdwf[lí a[mawmfrlcJhygvsuf OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\

aemufvdkufrsm;onf ]re} udk ]½kyf} Nzpfatmif MuHaqmif zsufqD;aeMuNcif;onfum; bk&m½Sifudkyif
rdrdwdkUuJhodkU ½kyf0g'DwpfOD;Nzpfav[ef a&;om;Ncif; Nzpfonf/
xdkUNyif oufaocHtNzpf wifNyxm;aom OD;Ouú|a&; Ak'¨tbd"r®mpmtkyf? pmrsufESm 89-ü ]]re-
[laom [',½kyfonf}} [laom pum;&yf ]]reH p-[',½kyfudkvnf;aumif;}} [laom pmydk'frsm;udk
awGU&onf? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS xkwfa0aom opöm"r®pmapmif? twGJ-3? trSwf-2? ESm-19 üvnf;
]]reqdkwJh raemudk pdwfvdkU bmomNyefvdkufwJh aeUupNyD; Ak'¨0g' tewåomoemawmfudk twåqdkwJh
tarSmifxkMuD;[m zHk;vTrf;oGm;awmhwmygyJ? reudk twåvkyfypfç pdwfaumif vkyfypfMuwm[m
tewåomoemawmfudk xdyg;apmfum;&m usaeygw,f}} [laom OD;Ouú|\ wynfh aqmif;yg;½Sif
t½Sifa&0w\ a&;om;csufudkvnf; awGUNrif&Nyefonf/
þa&;om;csufum; taNctNrpf vHk;0r&Sd? wpfenf;qdk&aomf ½kyf0g' taNccHNzifh
a&;om;vdkufNcif;om Nzpf\? tewåvu©Pmokwfü 0dnmPHtewåm[k 0dnmOf (0g) pdwfudk tewå[k
wdkuf½dkufa[mxm;\? xdkUaMumifh raemudk pdwf[k bmomNyefonfESifh tarSmifxkMuD;usonf[k qdkNcif;onf
bk&m;½Sifudkyif apmfum;vdkufNcif; Nzpfayonf/
,if;ta&;tom;rsm;onf ]],H pdwåH wH raem pdwåH raem rmeoH}} paom a'oemawmfrsm;udk
a[mawmfrlaom a'ouNzpfaom bk&m;½Sifudkyif wdkuf½dkufpGyfpGJ&ma&mufaom a&;om;csufrsm;
NzpfNcif;aMumifh t"r®0g'om Nzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) (i) trSwfNy pum;&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

13/ (i) "r®puúy0wåe-"r®qdkonfrSm av;yg;aom r[mbkwfw&m;rsm; Nzpfavonf/
puú-qdkonfrSm NzpfysufESifh aNymif;vJNyD? vnfí NzpfaeNcif;udk qdkvdkonf/
y0wåe-qdkonfrSm rsufpdESifh Nrif&onfudk qdkvdkonf/
okwå\-t"dyÜm,frSm vlom;wdkU\ xif&Sm;&Sdaeonfh cE¨mudk,fum,udk qdkvdkonf/
(twå0g'ESifh wm0wðom tbd"r®m? ESm-102?103)
rSwfcsuf/ / ]]"r®}} udk r[mbkwf½kyf[k bmomNyefNcif;onf "r®pMumw&m;udk ½kyf0g'w&m;Nzpfatmif
vkyfNcif;yif Nzpfonf[k apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u wifNyMuonf/
apm'empum;&yfüygaom ]]"r®puúy0wåeokwå}} [laom yk'f\ teufrSefudk pdppfaomf -
"r®puú\ teuf
"r®pauúwd y#da0"ÓaP ap0 a'oemÓaPp/ aAm"dyv’auF edodEéó [d pwlok
oapöok OyÜEéH 'Gg'omum&H y#da0"ÓPrÜd £odywae edodEéó 'Gg'omum&m, opöa'oem,

tpodkU
(y0wåuH - om&w¬) y0wådwH a'oemÓPrÜd "r®puúH emr/ Ob,rÜd a[wH 'oAvó Oa&
y0wåÓPar0 (oH? |? 3? 328)
NrefrmNyef t"dyÜm,f
"r®puf (w&m;puf) [lonfum; xdk;xGif;í odwwfaom ÓPfawmfESifh w&m;awmfudk
a[maMumif;Nzpfaom ÓPfawmfESpfyg;udk ,l&rnf[k qdkvdk\/
csJUOD;tHh? aAm"dyifaNc yv’ifaAGü xdkifaeawmfrlaom NrwfpGmbk&m;\ opömav;yg;wdkUüNzpfaom 12-
yg;aom tNcif;t&m½Sdaom y#da0"ÓPfawmfonfvnf;aumif;? £odyweawmü xdkifaeawmfrlaom
NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 12-yg;aom tNcif;t&m½Sdaom opöma'oemudk Nzwfapwwfaom a'oemÓPfawmfonf
vnf;aumif; "r®puf (w&m;puf) rnf\/
rSef\? þÓPfawmfESpfyg;onf NrwfpGmbk&m;\ &ifüNzpfaom ÓPfawmfcsnfhomwnf;/
þt|uxmESifhtnD ]]"r®puú}} [laomyk'fonf ]]tqufquf vnfwwf Nzpfwwfaom
y#da0"ÓPf}} [laom teufudk a[monf? (xdk y#da0"ÓPf a'oemÓPfawmfudkyif tqufquf
vnfwwf Nzpfwwfaom aMumifh w&m;puf[k ac:qdk&onf/)
om&w¬'DyeD#Dum? wwd,tkyf? ESm-181 üvnf; þt"dyÜm,frsdK;udkyif zGifhNyxm;onf? pum;tqdk
tenf;i,fom uGJvGJonf/
y0wåe\ teuf
y0wåe [laomyk'fonf (y-a½S;½Sdaom 0wk"mwf+,kypönf;? ,k-udk teNyKí NyD;aomyk'f Nzpfonf)
NzpfapNcif; Nzpfap&m NzpfapaMumif; [laom teufwdkUudk a[monf/
okwå o'´g\ teuf

tw¬meH olpeawm ok0kwåawm? o0eawmx ol'eawm/
okwåmPm okwåobmç *awm p ]okwå} EÅd tu©mwH
(0d? |? 1? 15/ 'D? |? 1? 18/ tbd? |? 1? 20) /
NrefrmNyef t"dyÜm,f
tusdK; (teuf) wdkUudk xif&Sm;NywwfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? aumif;pGma[m&m NzpfaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif;? oD;wwfNzpfapwwfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? rsOf;êud; yef;oDcsnfESifh wlaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif; okwå (okwf) rnf\ [lí qdktyf\/
xdkUaMumifh "r®puúy0wåeokwå[lonf -
(u) y#da0"ÓPf a'oemÓPfwnf;[laom w&m;pufudk Nzpfap&mNzpfaom
tusdK;teufwdkUudk xif&Sm;Nywwfaom a'oemawmf?

tpodkU
(c) y#da0"ÓPf a'oemÓPfwnf;[laom w&m;pufudk Nzpfap&mNzpfaom

tusdK;teufwdkUudk aumif;pGma[m&m a'oemawmf?
(*) y#da0"ÓPf a'oemÓPfwnf;[laom w&m;pufudk Nzpfap&mNzpfaom
tusdK;teufwdkUudk oD;wwf (Nzpfapwwf) aom a'oemawmf?
(C) y#da0"ÓPf a'oemÓPfwnf;[laom w&m;pufudk Nzpfap&mNzpfaom
tusdK;teufwdkUudk oGefcswwf (,dkpD;wwf) aom a'oemawmf?
(i) y#da0"ÓPf a'oemÓPfwnf;[laom w&m;pufudk Nzpfap&mNzpfaom
tusdK;teufwdkUudk aumif;pGm apmifha&Smufwwfaom a'oemawmf?
(p) y#da0"ÓPf a'oemÓPfwnf;[laom w&m;pufudk Nzpfap&mNzpfaom rsOf;êud;
(yef;oDcsnf)ESifh wlaom a'oemawmf[k qdkvdkonf/
þum; "r®puúy0wåeokwå o'´g\ teuft"dyÜm,frSefaywnf;/
þodkU pdppfoHk;oyfNyqdktyfNyD;aom taMumif;aMumifh (i) trSwfNy twå0g'ESifh wm0wðom
tbd"r®m ESm-102? 103 wdkUü "r®udk r[mbkwf ½kyfponfNzifh a&;xm;aom pum;&yfrsm;onf ax&0g'
yd#uwfvm ygVda0g[m&rsm;udk wrifoufouf ysufpD;apvdkaom apwemqdk;Nzifh a&;om;aom
½kyf0g'DwdkU\ pum;&yfrsm;om Nzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) (p) trSwfNy pum;&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

14/ (p) 'd|Kyg'gef=t,lpGJ? þt,lpGJ&mü ('d|d+Oyg'gef) [lí qdkxm;&m or®m'd|d? rdpäm'd|d
[lí cGJNcm;Ncif; r½Sdonfudk owdûytyfayonf/ (31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH-89)
þpum;&yfü ('d|d+Oyg'gef) [k omrnqdkxm;í or®m'd|d? rdpäm'd|d [k 0daootm;Nzifh
cGJNcm;Ncif;r&SdaomaMumifh or®m'd|d? rdpäm'd|d ESpfrsdK;vHk; Oyg'gef Nzpfonf[k qdkvdkaMumif; awGU&onf/ þodkU
a&;om;rdNcif;onf yxrMuD;ç yxrausmfç "r®mp&d,ç oif½dk;usrf;*efrsm;Nzpfaom
yd#uwfusrf;*efavhvmenf;rsm;udk roif,lzl;oNzifh yk'fudk NrifumrQNzifh xif&mNrif&m a&;om;rdNcif;
Nzpfayonf/
txufyg pk'dwu pum;ESifh ywfoufí pdppf azmfNyaytHh/
tw¬m yu&Pm vd*Fg? Mopdws umv a'oawm/
o'´w¬m 0dbZd,EÅd? e o'´ga,0 au0vH/
[laom o'óm&w¬ZmvdeDusrf;vm Oya'o *gxmESifh tnD o'´gteufudk a0zef&mü -
(1) tw¬=þo'´g\ þodkUaom teufudk ,lvQif tusdK;½Sd r½Sdudk vnf;aumif;?
(2) yu&P=þteufonf t&mXmeESifh oifh roifhudkvnf;aumif;?
(3) vd*F=þvdif½Sdaom o'´gonf þteufudk a[mEdkif ra[mEdkifudk vnf;aumif;?

tpodkU
(4) Mopdws=toifh,kwåd ½Sd r½Sdudk vnf;aumif;?

(5) umv=tcsdefumv &moDOwkESifh oifh roifhudk vnf;aumif;?
(6) a'o=t&yfa'oESifh oifh roifhudk vnf;aumif;?
þuJhodkU oifh roifh &m r&m csdefxdk;qifNcifí a0zef&m\? o'´gyk'f oufoufrQudkom Munfhí
usOf;aNrmif;pGm ra0zef&ay/
þ 'd|Kyg'geyk'f teufudk a0zef&mü tukodkvf t&mXmeNzpfNcif;aMumifh rdpäm'd|dudkom
'd|Kyg'gef[k ,l&onf? or®m'd|dudk 'd|Kyg'gef[k tvQif;r,l&? xdkUaMumifh "r®o*FPDygVdawmfü þodkU
a[mMum;\/
ww¬ uwrH 'd|Kyg'geH? ]]ew¬d 'dEéH? ew¬d ,d|H? ew¬d [kwH/ y/
0dy&d,mo*¾ga[m/ £'H 0kpöwd 'd|Kyg'geH/ XaywGm oDvAÁwkyg'geOö twå0g'kyg'geOö
oAÁyd rdpäm'd|d 'd|Kyg'geH (tbd? 1? 241)/
NrefrmNyef
xdkOyg'gefav;yg;wdkUwGif 'd|Kyg'gef[lonf tb,fenf;? ]]ay;vªNcif; tusdK;onf r½Sd? ,ZfMuD;
tvªMuD; ylaZmfNcif;\ tusdK;onf r½Sd? [Hk;ac:aom ,Zfi,f tvªi,f ylaZmf&Ncif; tusdK;onf r½Sd?
aumif;pGm ûytyf raumif;oNzifh ûytyfaom aumif;rI raumif;rIuHwdkU\ tusdK;zsm; tusdK;qufzvç
tusdK;&if;0dygwfonf r½Sd? þ ypöKyÜefavmuonf r½Sd? wrvGefavmuonf r½Sd? trdü aumif;pGmûyNcif;
raumif;oNzifhûyNcif;\ tusdK;tNypfonf r½Sd? tzü aumif;pGmûyNcif; raumif;oNzifhûyNcif;
tusdK;tNypfonf r½Sd? aoí wpfzefNzpfaom owå0gwdkU r½Sdukef? þavmuudkvnf;aumif;? wrvGef
b0udkvnf;aumif; udk,fydkifxl;aomÓPfNzifh odí rsufarSmufûyum a[mMum;Edkifukefaom nDñGwfukef
aumif;pGm usifhukefaom orPNA[®PwdkUonf avmuü r½Sdukef}} [k þodkU oabm½Sdaom tMuif
tNrifrSm;rIoabm 62-yg;aom rdpäm'd|dwdkUü yg0ifaom oabm/ y/ azmufNyefrSm;,Gif;aom pGJvrf;Ncif;
oabm½Sd\? þqdkcJhNyD;aom oabmudk 'd|Kyg'gef [lí qdktyf\? EGmacG;ponfwdkU\ tavhtusifhwdkUudk
pifMu,f\[k Nyif;pGm,lrI pGJvrf;rI oDvAÁwkyg'gefudk vnf;aumif;? tewåNzpfaom ½kyf emrfwdkUudk twå[k
aNymqdkaMumif;Nzpfaom Nyif;pGm,lrI pGJvrf;rI twå0g'kyg'gefudkvnf;aumif; csefxm;í tvHk;pHkaom
tNrifrSm;rIonfvnf; 'd|Kyg'gef rnf\[k bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkifvnf; rdpäm'd|dudkom 'd|Kyg'gef[k
a[mawmfrlonf/
xdkUaMumifh (p) trSwfNy pum;&yfonf bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm;udk Nyuf&,fûyvsuf bk&m;½Sif\
a'oem"r®udk qefUusifaom t"r®0g'Nzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
trSwf (15) q? ps trSwfNy b0wPSm 0db0wPSmyk'fwdkUudk pdppf oHk;oyfcsuf

15/ apm'u q&mawmfrsm;u -
(q) 0db0wPSmuawmh udk,fhrSm r½SdwJh b0 vSrf;NyD; pdwful;,OfvdkwJh wPSmaygh
(b0pnf;pdrfpGJaygh)? (twGJ-1? trSwf-8? opöm"r® pmapmif? OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumrS)
(ps) b0wPSm=b0\tNzpfudk wG,fwmpGJrufNcif;?
0db0wPSm=b0\ *kPfyumoe pnf;pdrfudk vdkvm;pHkrufNcif;?
(Ak'¨\ rd*'g0kefw&m;? 70-71)
þpum;&yfrsm;udk xkwfNyí t|uxmtzGifhrsm;ESifh rnDaom teufrsm; Nzpfygonf[k
omrntm;Nzifh yxrOD;pGm apm'emMuonf/
½lyg½lyba0 wPSm ½lywPSm (tbd? |? 1? 398) /
½lyNA[®mb0 t½lyNA[®mb0ü wyfrufaom wPSmonf b0wPSm Nzpf\/
Oapä'ocFgaw 0dba0 wPSm 0db0wPSm (tbd? |? 1? 398) /
owå0gaovQif NywfoGm;onf? b0qufrNzpfawmh[k ,lqaomtm;Nzifh b0NywfNcif;[laom
0db0ü wyfrufaom wPSmonf 0db0wPSm rnf\/
oów'd|do[*awm [d &ma*g 0db0wPSmwd 0kpöwd (0dok'¨dr*f? |? 2? 202) /
oów'd|d (vlaovlNzpf NrJ\ paom t,lrSm;) ESifh wuG Nzpfaom avmbudk b0wPSm[lí
qdktyf\/
Oapä''d|do[*awm [d &ma*g 0db0wPSmwd 0kpöwd (0dok'¨dr*f? |? 2? 202) /
Oapä''d|d (aovQif NyD;a&m aemufb0r½Sd[k ,laom t,l)ESifh wuG Nzpfaom avmbudk
0db0wPSm [lí qdktyf\/
[laom t|uxmom"uwdkUNzifh teuftrSefudk azmfNyvsuf 0daootm;Nzifh xyfqifh
apm'emwifoGif;Muonf/
oHk;oyfcsuf
,if;apm'empum;&yfü ygaom (ps)trSwfNy ]]b0wPSm=b0\ tNzpfudk wG,fwmpGJrufNcif;}}
[laom pum;&yfonf ]]b0wPSmwd b0yw¬em (b0wPSm[lonf b0udk awmifhwNcif;wnf;)}} [laom
t|omvdeDt\uxm? ESm 94-üvmaom pum;&yfESifh nDñGwfouJhodkU xif&aomfvnf;
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; xkwfaqmifudk;um;onfh ,if;t|omvdeDt|uxm? ESm-398-üvmaom
]]½lyg½lyba0 wPSm b0wPSm ½lyb0 t½lyb0ü wyfrufaom wPSmonf b0wPSmNzpfonf)}}[k
b0\t&udk ½lyb0ç t½lyb0[k 0daoorç í zGifhNyonfh pum;&yfu omvGefí
cdkifcHhaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; oar®m[0daem'eD t|uxm ESm 104-ü -

tpodkU
]]b0yw¬em0aoe OyÜEéó oów'd|do[*wó ½lyg½lyb0&m*ó p psmeeduEÅd,m apwH

t"d0peH (þb0wPSm[laom trnfonf umrb0udk awmifhwNcif;\ tpGrf;Nzifh Nzpfaom
&m*\vnf;aumif;? oów'd|dESifh wuGNzpfaom &m*\vnf;aumif;? ½lyb0 t½lyb0udk wyfrufaom
&m*\ vnf;aumif;? psmefudk ESpfoufwwfaom wPSm\ vnf;aumif; trnf Nzpfonf)}} [k
txl;ydkrdkpHkvifpGm zGifhNyxm;Ncif;aMumifh vnf;aumif; b0wPSm\t& umrudk awmifhwNcif; tpGrf;tm;Nzifh
Nzpfaom &m*ç oów'd|dESifhwuG Nzpfaom &m*ç ½lyb0 t½lyb0udk wyfrufaom &m*ç psmefudk
ESpfoufaom wPSmwdkUudk aumuf,lrSom NynfhpHk rSefuefaom teuf Nzpfonf? xdkUaMumifh
b0wPSm=b0\tNzpfudk wG,fwmpGJrufNcif;[laom pk'dwuwdkU zGifhqdkcsufonf rNynfhpHkaom teufom
Nzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
0db0wPSm\ teufudkNy&m 0daooap'emü apm'uq&mawmfrsm; xkwfaqmifudk;um;tyfaom
t|uxm pum;&yfrsm;onf NynfhpHkcdkifcHhí om"uaNrmufNyD;Nzpf&um; ]]Oapä''d|d (aovQif NyD;a&m
aemufb0r½Sd [laom t,l)ESifh wuGNzpfaom avmbudk 0db0wPSm[k qdktyf\}} [laom
apm'uq&mawmfrsm; Nyqdktyfaom teufudkyif 0db0wPSm\ teufrSef[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
vufcHawmfrlMuonf? pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU Nyqdktyfaom 0db0wPSm\ teufonfum; t|uxmESifh
rnDñGwfaom rSm;,Gif;aom teufom Nzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) Z-trSwfNy pum;&yfESifh (X) trSwfNy pum;&yfwdkUudk pdppfcsuf

apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu atmufygpk'dwuwdkU\ a&;om;csufrsm;udk oufaoNyí þodkU
apm'emMu\/
16/ (Z) umrb0[l&mü tm½Hkig;yg;wdkU\ £aNEúdk rapmifhpnf;rI Nzpfay:vmonfh pGJvrf;rI
wPSmOyg'gef w&m;NzpfNyD; -
Ä ½lyb0qdkonfrSm rdrd\ rsufpdç em;ç ESmacgif;ç vQmç udk,fwdkU Nzpfonf/
Ä t½lyb0qdkonfrSm þ½kyfw&m;udk taMumif;cHí Nzpfay:vmonfh a0'em onm ocFg&
0dnmPfwnf;[laom emrf\ tNzpfoabmwdkUom Nzpfonf/
(31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH 210)
(X) umrb0=rsufpdç em;ç ESmacgif;ç vQmç udk,fwdkUu tqif;ç toHç teHUç t&omç
xdawGUzG,f&mwdkUü wdkufqHkaomtcg wyfruf wG,fwmaom vdkcsifrI/
½lyb0=rdrd\ cE¨mudk,f ½kyfw&m;tay: (0g) cE¨mig;yg;tay:wGif NrJonf[laom
owfrSwfcsufNzifh rysufcsifaom ½lyb0/
t½lyb0=rtdkcsif raocsif remcsifaom tNzpf? tdkrItwGuf pdk;&drf ylyefNcif;ç emrItwGuf
pdk;&drfylyefNcif;ç aorItwGuf pdk;&drfylyefNcif; tNzpf pdwful;rsm;pGmNzifh ypöu©ta&;udpörS

tpodkU
vGefaNrmufaom b0pnf;pdrftrsdK;rsdK;wdkUudk pdwful;ESifh MuHqí &Edkif\? a&mufEdkif\?

oHk;oyfNcif;r&SdbJ (t½ly-b0) pdwful;pGJ tNzpfrsm;/
(Ak'¨0g' Nyóemrsm; pmapmif? pmrsufESm-5-6)
þpmydk'fwdkUudk xkwfNyí pk'dwuwdkU a&;om;aom t"dyÜm,fonf bk&m;a[m tbd"r®mvm
t"dyÜm,f r[kwf? rZÑdredum,? rlvyPÖmoygVdawmfESifh t|uxmç r[meda'óygVd? t|uxmwdkUudk
udk;um;í ]]umrbHkü Nzpfapwwfaom uHudkvnf;aumif;? uHaMumifhNzpfaom tusdK;0dyguf emru©E¨m
u#wåm½kyfudk vnf;aumif;? umr(11)bHkudkvnf;aumif;? xdkü tusHK;0ifaom pdwf apwoduf
½kyfrsm;udkvnf;aumif; umrb0ac:qdk&ygonf bk&m;? ½lyb0 t½lyb0wdkUudkvnf; xdkenf;yifNzpfygí
tus,foGif;í &Sif;rNyawmhyg bk&m;}} [k apm'emcJhMuonf/
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU oufaotNzpfwifNytyfaom pk'dwuwdkU\ pum;&yfwdkUudk okwåç
okwåmEkavmr ponfodkU ouf0ifonf rouf0ifonfudk ygVdawmf? t|uxm om"uwdkUNzifh
pdppfMuaytHh/
b0ESpfyg;ESifh t&aumuf
b0onf ur®b0ç Oyywådb0 [lí ESpfyg;tNym;&Sd\/
(1) ur®b0
xdkESpfyg;wdkUwGif yknmbdocFg&[k ac:qdktyfaom umrm0p&ukodkvf apwem 8-yg;ç
½lyg0p&ukodkvf apwem 5-yg;ç tyknmbdocFg&[k ac:qdktyfaom tukodkvfapwem 12-yg;ç
tmeOÆmbdocFg&[k ac:qdktyfaom t½lyg0p&ukodkvf apwem 4-yg; þavmuDukodkvf
tukodkvfapwem 29-yg;onf ur®b0 rnf\/
bHkb0odkU a&mufapwwfonf Nzpfí ]]b0*grduH}} [k ac:qdktyfaom apwemESifh ,SOfaom
tbdZÑmpaom w&m;wdkUonfvnf; ur®b0 rnf\/
xdkur®b0onf umrur®b0ç ½lyur®b0ç t½lyur®b0 [lí 3-yg;tNym;½Sd\/ xdk 3-
yg;wdkUwGif-
(u) umrukodkvf apwem 8-yg;? tukodkvf apwem 12-yg;onf umrur®b0 rnf\/
(c) ½lyukodkvf apwem 5-yg;onf ½lyur®b0 rnf\/
(*) t½lyukodkvf apwem 4-yg;onf t½lyur®b0 rnf\/
xdkUaMumifh -
ba0g 'k0ga"e tw¬d ur®ba0g? tw¬d Oyywådba0g/ ww¬ uwarm ur®ba0g?
ynmbdocFga&m tyknmbdocFga&m tmeOÆmbdocFga&m? t,H 0kpöwd ur®ba0g? oAÁrÜd
*0grdur®H ur®ba0g (tbd? 2? 143) /

tpodkU
[k 0dbif;ygVdawmfü bk&m;&Sifa[mawmfrlonf/
(2) Oyywådb0
uHaMumifhjzpf&aom tusdK;0dygufemru©E¨m ur®Z½kyfonf Oyywådb0rnf\/
xdkOyywådb0onf (u) umrb0 (c) ½lyb0 (*) t½lyb0 (C) onmb0 (i) tonmb0
(p) ae0onmemonmb0 (q) {ua0gum&b0 (Z) pwka0gum&b0 (ps) yÍöa0gum&b0 [lí 9-yg;
tjym;½Sd\/
(u) umr0dygufpdwf? apwodufESifh ur®Z½kyf[k qdktyfaom cE¨mig;yg;onf umrOyywådb0
rnf\/
(c) Cme? Zd0Sm? um,0dnmPf MuOfaom yÍöa0gum& 0dyguf pdwfapwodufESihf Cmeyom'?
Zd0Smyom'? um,yom'? £w¦¬d bm0½kyf ykrÇm0½kyfMuOfaom ur®Z½kyf[k qdktyfaom
cE¨mig;yg;onf ½lyOyywådåb0rnf\/
(*) t½ly pdwf apwodufwnf;[laom cE¨mav;yg;onf t½lyOyywådb0rnf\/
(C) ae0onmeonm,we0dygufpdwf MuOfaom avmuD0dygufpdwfapwodufESifh
ur®Z½kyfwnf; [laom cE¨mig;yg;onf trSwfonm½Sdaom onmb0 rnf\/
(i) tonowfbHküjzpfaom ZD0dwe0uuvmyf½kyfwnf;[laom cE¨mwpfyg;onf
(trSwfonmr&Sdaom) tonmb0rnf\/
(p) ae0onmeonm,we0dyguf pdwf apwodufwnf;[laom cE¨mav;yg;onf
ae0onmemonmb0 rnf\/ (½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aom trSwfonm r½Sdjcif;aMumifh
onm½Sdonf[kvnf; rqdkxdkuf? odrfarGUaom trSwfonm½Sdjcif;aMumifh onmr½Sd[kvnf;
rqdkxdkufaomaMumihf ae0onmemonmb0[k qdkonf)/
(q) tonowfbHkü jzpfaom ZD0dwe0uuvmyf½kyfwnf;[laom cE¨mwpfyg;onf
{ua0gum&b0rnf\/
(Z) t½ly0dyguf pdwf apwodufwnf;[laom cE¨mav;yg;onf pwka0gum&b0 rnf\/
(ps) umr0dyguf? ½ly0dyguf pdwf apwodufESifh ur®Z½kyfwnf;[laom cE¨mig;yg;onf
yÍöa0gum&b0 rnf\/ (0dok'¨d -2? 206-207/ tbd?|?2?175) (a0gum&o'´gonf
a&mjyGrf;aom cE¨m[laom teufudka[m\? cE¨mwpfyg;&Sdaom b0?
cE¨mav;yg;&Sdaomb0? cE¨mig;yg;&Sdaom b0 -[k qdkvdkonf/)
xdkUaMumifh 0db*FygVdawmfü -
ww¬ uwarm Oywådba0g/ umrba0g ½lyba0g t½lyba0g onmba0g
tonmba0g ae0onmemonmba0g {ua0gum&ba0g pwka0gum&ba0g
yÍöa0gum&ba0g? t,H0kpwåd Oyywådba0g -

tpodkU
[k jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonf/
þum; ]]Oyg'ge ypö,m ba0g}} [laom a'oemawmfüvmaomb0yk'f\ teuft"dyÜg,f
trSefaywnf;/
xdkUjyif okwåedygwfygVdawmf? *k[|uokwfü vmaom ]]t0DwwPSmao b0gba0ok}} paom
ygXfwdkUü b0t&udkum; umr-11bHk? ½ly-16 bHk? t½ly-4 bHk wnf;[laom MoumobHkudk ,l&onf/
xdkUaMumihf r[meda'ó ygVdawmf? ,if;\ t|uxmwkdUü atmufygtwdkif; zGifhjyawmfrlonf/
b0gba0olwd b0gba0/ y/ umrba0/y/ ½lyba0/y/ t½lyba0
(r[meda'ó -36)/
{w¬ p umrba0 ½lyba0 t½lyba0wd Moumob0H oE¨m, 0kwåH
(r[meda'ó? |? 137)/
qufOD;tHh? þygVdü wnf&mjzpfaombHkudk &nf½G,fí umrba0 ½lyba0 t½lyba0 [lí
a[mawmfrltyfjyD/
xkdUjyif apm'u q&mawmfrsm;u -
ur®®Íö Oyywdåp Ob,arÜwrd" umrba0gwd 0kwåH? {oea,m ½lyg½lyba0ok
(r?|? 1? 223)/
]]uHukdvnf;aumif;? uHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;ukdvnf;aumif; þESpfyg;pHkukd umrb0[k qdktyf\?
½lyb0 t½lyb0wkdUü þenf;yifwnf;}} [laom om"ut& umrbHkü jzpfapwwfaom uHESifh
tusdK;0dyguf emru©E¨m u#wåm½kyfrsm;udk umrb0[k ac:qkd&aMumif; wifjyMuonf/
xdkpum;&yfonf umrur®b0ESifh umrOyywådb0ESpfyg;udk wpfaygif;wnf; ûyí jyqdkaom
pum;&yfjzpfjcif;aMumifh -
o*F[awm ye ur®b0H Oyywådo0Oö {uawm uwGm umrkyg'geypö,m o'¨ ð
taEÅm*a"[d {aum umrba0g (0dok'd¨r*f? 2? 207) -
[laom 0dok'd¨r*f t|uxmESifh nDñGwfESD;aESmrd&um; oifhjrwfvSayonf/
umrbHküjzpfaom pdwf apwoduf ½kyfrsm;udk umrb0ac:onf[laom apm'u q&mawmfrsm;\
pum;&yfonfvnf; t0w¬mb0udk &nf½G,faom t&mXme jzpfEdkifayonf/
jyqdkcJhjyD;aom ygVdawmf t|uxmvm pum;&yfrsm;udk tcsif;csif;nd§í aumufEkwfcsuf
xkwf,lvdkufaomf -
(u) umrbHkü jzpfapwwfaom uHonfvnf;aumif;? xdkuHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK; 0dyguf
emru©E¨m ur®Z½kyfonfvnf;aumif;? umr 11-bHkonfvnf;aumif; umrb0rnf\/
(c) ½lybHkü jzpfapwwfaom uHonfvnf;aumif;? xdkuHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK; 0dyguf
emru©E¨m ur®Z½kyfonfvnf;aumif;? ½ly 16-bHkonfvnf;aumif; ½lyb0rnf\/

tpodkU
(*) t½lybHkü jzpfapwwfaom uHonfvnf;aumif;? xdkuHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK; 0dyguf

emru©E¨m ur®Z½kyfonfvnf;aumif;? t½ly 4-bHkonfvnf;aumif; t½lyb0rnf\
[laom rSefuefaom teuf t"dyÜm,fudk xif½Sm;pGmod&ayonf/
xkdUaMumifh (Z) trSwfjy ]] 31-bkH0g' Akk'¨ vufrcH}} pmtkyfyg ½lyb0 t½lyb0 zGifhqdkcsuf
pum;&yfonfvnf;aumif;? (X) trSwfjy ]]Ak'¨0g' jyóemrsm;}} pmapmifyg pum;&yfonfvnf;aumif;
okwå, okwåmEkavmr jzpfaom ygVdawmf t|uxmokdU rouf0if? okwå, okwåmEkavmrESifh
qefUusifaom twåaemrwdrQomjzpfonf? ½kyf0g'tjzpfjzifh zefwD;jcif;omjzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh
t"r®pum;omjzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwkdU pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwf(15) #-trSwfjy pum;&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

17/ (#) þukd,fum,onfyif yOöm½Hk umrig;rsdK;wkdUjzpfapaom oabmvu©Pmrsm;
½SdonfhtwGuf umrbHk? ½kyfypönf;wkdUtm; olUXmeESifhol tcsdK;tpm;udkufnDatmif zGJUpnf;xm;onfh
ukd,ftwGuf ½lybHk? toufZD0- [laom xGufouf0ifouf&SdaeonfhtwGuf t½lybHk[k t&Sif;qHk;
aumuf,l&ef tvG,fqHk;jzpfayonf/ (Ak'¨0dyóem (1) ESm-61-62)
azmfjyygpum;&yfü qkdvdk&if;um; vuf½Sd þudk,fum,onfyif umrbHk ½lybHk t½lybHkjzpfonf?
(i&J jydwåmESifh ewfjA[®mbHkwkdU oD;jcm;r½Sd) [k qdkvdk&if;jzpfonf? xdkpk'dwuwkdU pum;&yf\ trSm;trSefudk
a0zefvdkvQif xdkpum;&yf\ a½SUaemufpum;&yfwkdUudkvnf; oHk;oyfqifjcif&ef vdkayonf? xdkpum;&yf\
aemufü -
(u) xdkUxufydkí tjcm;aom umr ½ly t½ly bHkrsm;½Sdao;onfqdku olU[mol ½Sdcsif½Sd?
r½Sdcsifae? êudufovdk ,lEdkif\/
(c) rodrjrifEkdifaom t&mawGudk ajymoHMum; qkdoHMum;ESifh vdkufemaeu t,lrSef
tjrifrSefjzpf&ef rvG,fay? rvG,f½Hkru okdUavm odkUavm rwifrus rjywfrom;
0dk;wdk;0g;wm; jzpfvmu 0dpdudpämyifjzpfEdkifonf/
(*) ukd,f {uefwu,f rodrjrifEdkifaom udpöudk ,HkMunfonf qdkuwnf;u t,lrSef
rjzpfEdkif? 'd|doabmxif&Sm;oufa&mufaeonf/
[laom pum;&yfwkdUudk awGUjrif&avonf/
xdkpum;&yfwkdUwGif (u) trSwfjy pum;&yfudk rdrd\ rlv Xyempum;&yfudk olwpfyg;wkdUu
tjypfwifvmvQif qifa0SU&efa½Smifûyvkyf&ef &nf½G,fí qkdxm;[ef&Sdonf/ ,if;odkUyif jzpfaomfvnf;
xkdpum;&yfjzifhyif rlv Xyempum;&yfü jycJhjyD;aom vdk&if;aumufcsufudk ykdícdkifjrJapcJhavonf/
(c)(*)trSwfjy pum;&yfwkdUjzifh þukd,fum,rSwpfyg; tjcm; umr ½ly t½ly
bHkrsm;&Sdao;onf[k ,lvQif 0dpdudpämESifh 'd|djzpfEdkifonf[k tjcm;olrsm;udk pGyfpGJvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/

tpodkU
txuf pk'dwupum;&yfü ta&;tMuD;qHk; pum;onfum; ]udk,f{uefwu,f rodrjrifEdkifaom}

[laompum;&yfyifjzpfonf? yuwdvlom;jzpfaom OD;Ouú| ESifh orm'd|dokawoeorm;wkdUvdk vlrsdK;u
olwkdU\ rsufpdESifhjrifíod&rS rSefonf? rsufpdjzifh rjrifEdkifu bmrQrrSef[k w&m;ao udkifxm;ESifhonf?
þw&m;aoudkifxm;aom ½kyf0g'tjrift& txufyg umrbHk? ½lybHk? t½lybHkwkdUudk
zGifhqkdjcif;omjzpfonf/ ½kyf0g'cH,lcsufESifh bk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;udk teufzGifhaeMujcif;omjzpfavonf/
xkdUaMumihf þudk,fum,rSwpfyg; tjcm;aom umr ½ly t½lybHkrsm; &Sdao;onf[k ,lvQif
0dpdudpämESifh 'd|djzpfrjzpfudk (c) trSwfjy pum;&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsufjzifhyif odEdkifavmufjyDjzpfí xyfrH
pdppfzG,f rvdkjyD? ]]þukd,fum,onfyif umr ½ly t½lybHkjzpfonf}} [laomvdk&if;pum;&yfudkom
pdppfoHk;oyfMuukefthH/
50/ xdkpum;&yfü ]]þudk,fum,}}[lonf (Ak'¨0dyóempmtkyfudka&;ol) ocifjrwfqdkif\
rsufjrifjzpfaom umrbHkü&Sdaom vlom;\ udk,fum,ukdom olqdkvdkaMumif;odomayonf/
xdkvlom;\ udk,fum,onf ocifjrwfqdkif jyqdkouJhokdU umr ½ly t½lybHk r[kwfaMumif;udk
b0yk'fudk pdppfcJhaom pum;&yfjzifh odomxif½Sm;avjyD/
xkdUjyifvnf; r[mouú&mZf 103-ckESpf 0gqdkvjynfhaeUü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a&S;OD;pGm rd*'g0kef
w&m;yGJü-
]],m0uD0Oö ar bdu©a0 £arok pwlok t&d,oapööok {0H/y/ tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð
tbdorÁKa'¨g}} wd ypönmoð (0d? 3? 16)/ (yOö0*¾d, uxm)
&[ef;wkdU þt&d,mwkdU\ trSefw&m;av;yg;wkdUü þodkU oHk;yg;aom tjyef wpfq,fhESpfyg;aom
tjcif;t&m½Sdaom rSefuefaom ÓPftjrifonf rpifMu,fao;orQ umvywfvHk; igbk&m;onf ewf
rm&fewf jA[®mwkdUESifhwuGaom ewfavmuESifh orP jA[®Prif;rsm; vlrsm;ESifh wuGaom vlUavmuü
]]twkr½Sdaom tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkUudk ukd,fwdkifrSefpGmodaom t&[wår*fÓPfudk odjyD}} [lí 0efrcHcJhacs
- [lí ewfjynf jA[®mjynfrsm;½Sdonfudk a[mjyawmfrlcJhonf/ (jrefrmjyef ESm-18)
xkdUjyifvnf; 0db*FygVd ESm 427-ü -
umrm0p&meH a'0geH? y|ruyÜdumeH rEkóeH? MoyygwdumeH aywmeH? MoyygwdumeH
tok&meH? MoyygwdumeH wd&päe*wmeH? ae&,dumeH? y&dykPÖm,wemeH Oyywådu©aP
{um'om,wemedygwkb0Eåd (tbd? 2? 427)}}
[lí umr0p& ewfbHk? vlUbHk? jydwåmbHk? tol&um,fbHk? wd&pämefbHkwkdUudk bk&m;½Sif a[mjyawmfrlonf/
0db*FygVd pmrsufESm? 437?438-wkdUü ]]pmwkr[m&mZdumeH a'0geH udwåuH tm,kyÜrmPH}}
tp&Sdaom ygXfwkdUjzifh pmwkr[m&mZf? wm0wðom? ,mrm? wkodwm? edr®me&wd? y&edr®dw0o0wåD[k 6-
rsdK;aom umr0p&ewfwdkUudk oufwrf;ESifhwuG a[mjyawmfrlonf/

tpodkU
0db*FygVd pmrsufESm? 439?440- wkdYü ]]yXrH psmeH y&dwåH bma0wGm jA[®yg&doZÆmeH a'0geH
o[AswH OyyZÆHwd}} tp&Sdaom ygXfwdkUjzifh jA[®yg&doZÆm? jA[®yka&m[dwm? r[mjA[®m[laom yxrpsmef
3-bHk? y&dwåbm? tyÜrmPmbm? tmbó&mbm [laom 'kwd,psmef oHk;bHk? y&dwåokbm? tyÜrmPokbm?
okbudPSm[laom wwd,psmef oHk;bkH? a0[yædKvfbHk? tonowfbHk? t0d[mbHk? twyÜgbHk? ok'ómbHk?
ok'óDbHk? tued|bHk[laom pwkw¬psmef 7-bHk? þ½ly 16-bHkwkdUüjzpfaom jA[®mwkdUudk
oufwrf;ESifhwuG a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
0db*FygVd pmrsufESm 440? 441-wdkYü ]] tmumomeOöm,wEly*geH a'0geH udwåuH tm,kyÜrmPH?
0DowduyÜo[óed}} tp&Sdaom ygXfwkdUjzifh tmumoeOöm,webHk? 0dnmPOöm,webHk?
tmudOönm,webHk? ae0onmemonm,webHk[laom t½ly 4-bHkühjzpfaom jA[®mwkdUudk
oufwrf;ESifhwuG a[mjyawmfrlonf/
þokdU jrwfAk'ükd,fawmfwkdif umr 11-bHk? ½ly 16-bHk? t½ly 4-bHkwkdUudk a[mawmfrlcJhygvsuf
]]þukd,fum,onfyif umr? ½ly? t½lybHk jzpfonf}} [laom Ak'¨0dyóem trnfwyfxm;aom pmtkyfyg
pum;&yfonf jyqdkcJhaom Ak'¨0dyóemawmfrsm;udk jAm[®P0g'[k pGyfpGJvsuf zsufqD;ypf&ef
&nf½G,fcsufjzifh a&;om;aom t"r®®0g'omjzpfonf? Ak'¨0dyóem a&;olonf ½kyf0g'DjzpfaomaMumifh ol\
½kyf0g'udkvnf; ay:vGifap Ak'¨w&m;awmfrsm;ukdvnf; ysufpD;ap [laom tvdkqdk;jzifh wpfcsufckwf
ESpfcsufjywf &uf&ufpufpuf a&;om; apmfum;csufomjzpfí "r®EÅ&m,fpifppfjzpfonf[k
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) P - trSwfjy pum;&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

18/ (P) emrfqdkonfrSm ½kyfukd trnfay;xm;aom oabmomjzpfonf/
(Ak'¨0g'jyóem ESm -35)
þazmfjyygpum;&yf\ qdkvdk&if;rSm emrf[lonfrSm oD;jcm;r&Sd? ½kyf\trnfomjzpfonf[k
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm; qdkvdk&if;jzpfonf/ xdkpum;udk pdppfOD;tHh-
bk&m;&Sifonf "r®o*FPDygVdawmfü -
ww¬ uwrH emrH/ a0'emu©aE¨m/y/ tocFawm p "mwk/ £'H0kpöwd emrH (tbd?1?256)/
xdkemrf½kyfwkdUwGif emrf[lonf tb,fenf;? cHpm;rItpk ]a0'emu©E¨m}? rSwfom;rItpk ]onmu©E¨m}?
ûyjyifrItpk ]ocFg&u©E¨m}? txl;odrI(pdwf)tpk ]0dnmPu©E¨m} (uH pdwf Owk t[m& [laom
taMumif;wkdUu) rûyjyif rpD&iftyfaom edAÁme"mwfonf&Sd\/ þw&m;taygif;udk emrf[lí qdktyf\[k
pdwf-89yg;? apwoduf 52-yg;wnf;[laom a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨mESifh
tocFw"mwfjzpfaom edAÁmefudk ]emrf} [lí a[mawmfrlonf/

tpodkU
ww¬ uwrH ½lyH/ pwåma&m p r[mblwm pwkEéOö r[mblwmeH Oyg'g, ½lyH/ £'H 0kpöwd
½lyH (tbd? 1? 256)/
xdkemrf½kyfwkdUwGif ½kyf[lonf tb,fenf;? r[mbkwfav;yg;? r[mbkwfav;yg;udkrSDí jzpfaom½kyf
þw&m;taygif;udk ½kyf[k qkdtyf\[k r[mbkwf 4-yg;? Oyg'g½kyf 24-yg;wkdUudk ½kyf[lí
a[mawmfrlonf/
xdkrSwpfyg;vnf; bk&m;½Sifonf "r®®o*FPD? pdwåKyÜg'u@jzifh emrfudk us,f0ef;pGm
a0zefjyawmfrlonf? ½lyu@ujzifh ½kyfudk us,f0ef;pGm a0zefjyawmfrlonf? þokdU bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif
emrfESifh½kyfudk o½kyfxkwfí a[mawmfrlcJhygvsuf ]emrfqdkonfrSm ½kyfudk trnfay;xm;aom
oabmomjzpfonf} [k a&;om;a[majymjcif;onf bk&m;½Sif\ a'oemawmfESifh
ajzmifhajzmifhqefUusifonf/
xkdUjyif apm'uq&mawmfrsm; oufaocHtjzpfwifjytyfaom 31-bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH pmtkyf?
pmrsufESm 110-ü ]]tm;vHk;udk ûcHvdkufvQif ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmOf cE¨mig;yg;onf
½kyfypö,rsm;omjzpfonfudk ydkifykdifMuD; odtyfayonf}} [lívnf;aumif;? Ak'¨0dyóem (1) ESm 67-ü
]]½kyfum; tjcm;r[kwf? þukd,faumifcE¨myOöu ½kyftpkta0;yifjzpfonf}} [lívnf;aumif; cE¨mig;yg;udk
½kyf[k qdkxm;onfudk awGU&jyefonf/
,if;pum;&yfrsm;udk ajyma[ma&;om;jcif;onf bk&m;½Sif\ a'oemawmfudk zsufqD;í
½kyfMurf;0g'xlaxmif&ef MuHzefûyvkyf tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf[kvnf;aumif;? xkdUtjyif
bk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;tay: oHo,rsm;jzpfay:apjyD; ½dk;om;aom bmom0ifwkdU todÓPf ½IyfaxG;ap&ef
rdrdwdkU\ ½kkyf0g'udk Ak'¨0g'xJ oGwfoGif;jcif;om jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif; Ak'¨0g'udk ½kyf0g' jzpfav[ef
vDq,fvkyfMuHa&;om;jyD; Ak'¨"r®udk apmfum;jcif;jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdUu
pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwf (15) w? x? '? " - trSwfjy pum;&yfwkdUukd pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

19/ (w) pGJvrf;rI Oyg'geftaMumif;aMumifh b0wpfckjzpfvm\/
(ypöKyÜefb0 = ausmif;om;b0rS pma&;b0? pma&;b0rS t&m&Sdb0? tdrfaxmifonfb0 ponfrsm;)
(x) b0jzpfjcif;aMumifh Zmwd=tvkyfwpfck wm0efwpfcküa&mufjcif;/
(') Z&m = vkyfouf&ifhvmjcif;
(") r&P = tvkyfrS &yfem;jcif;? tvkkyfxkwfcH&jcif;/ (Ak'¨0dyóem 2? ESm-176)
þpum;&yfwkdUudk xkwfjyí ,if;pum;&yfrsm;onf ]]Ak'¨0dyóem}} [laom pmtkyftrnfESifhyif
rvdkufavsmatmif y&rf;ywm bmoma&; jyufvHk;rsm;jzpfaeaMumif;jzifh apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu
apm'emMuonf/

tpodkU
xkdpum;&yfrsm;onf y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfüvmaom b0? Zmwd? Z&m? r&Pyk'fwdkUudk

zGifhjyaom pum;&yfrsm; jzpf&um; y#dpöorkyÜg'f tzGifh usrf;*ef tqdktrdefUrsm;jzifh pdppfukeftHh --
b0o'´g\ teufrSef
]]Oyg'geypö,m ba0g}} [laom ygXfü ]]b0}} \ t&udk ur®b0? Oyywådb0ESpfyg;udk ,l&\?
rSefvS\? Oyg'gef [laomtaMumif;aMumifh ur®b0? Oyywådb0ESpfyg;wkdU jzpfMu&onf/
Oyg'gefaMumifh ur®b0? Oyywådb0ESpfyg;wkdU jzpfyHk

þavmuütcsdKU yk*¾dKvfonf wpfqifhMum;jzifhjzpfap? jrifzl;onfudk twkvdkufojzifhjzpfap
]]vlUjynf0,f rif;olaX;rsdK;ponfwkdUüvnf;aumif;? ewfjynfajcmufxyfüvnf;aumif; ig;jzmtm½Hk
umr*kPfwkdU jynfhpHkMuG,f0\}} [k MuHpnfpOf;pm;í xkdumr*kPfwkdUudk &½Sd&ef rolawmfwdkU\ w&m;udk
em,lrdjcif; ponfwkdUu vSnfhpm;tyfonf jzpfí ]]þuHjzifh ig;jzmtm½Hk umr*kPfwkdU jyD;pD; jynfhpHkvdrfhrnf}}
[k atmufarhrSwfxifum umrkyg'gef [laom taMumif;aMumifh um,'kp½dkuf ponfukdaomfvnf;
ûyvkkyf0Hh\? xdkolonf 'kp½dkufjynfh0jcif;aMumifh tyg,fbHkü jzpf&avonf/
xkdUjyif rsufarSmuf umr*kPfwkdUudk awmifhwíjzpfap? &jyD;umr*kPfwkdUudk rysufpD;
rqkwf,kwfatmif apmifha&Smuf&íjzpfap umrkyg'gef taMumif;aMumifh um,'kp½dkufponfwdkUudk ûyvkyf\/
xdkolonf 'kp½dkufjynfh0jcif;aMumifh tyg,fbHkü jzpf&avonf/
xkdtyg,fbkHü xkdyk*¾dKvf\ Oyywådb0jzpfaMumif;uHonf ur®b0rnf\? uHaMumihfjzpfaom
cE¨mwkdUonf Oyywådb0rnfukef\? þum; umrkyg'gefaMumifh tukodkvf ur®b0ESifh
tyg,fOyywådb0jzpfyHkwnf;/
umrkyg'gefaMumifh umrukodkvf ur®b0ESifh vlUjynf ewfjynfwkdUü Oyywådb0 2-yg;jzpfyHk?
umrkyg'gefaMumifh ½ly-t½ly ukodkvfur®b0ESifh ½ly-t½ly Oyywådb0 2-yg;jzpfyHk? 'd|Kyg'gef?
twå0g'kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gefwkdUaMumifh ur®b0 Oyywådb0 2-yg;jzpfyHkwkdUudkvnf; þenf;twlyif
odMu&m\/ (0dok'¨dr*¾ t|uxm? 'k? ESm- 208?209/ oar®m0daem'eD t|uxm? 176?178)
þodkU Oyg'gefaMumifh ur®b0? Oyywådb0 ESpfyg;jzpfjcif;aMumifh ]]Oyg'geypö,m ba0g}} [laom
ygXfü ]]b0}}\ t&udk ur®b0?Oyywådb0 ESpfrsdK; ,l&onf/
]]b0ypö,m Zmwd}}[laomygXfü ]]b0}}\ t&udk ur®b0udkom ,l&onf/ Oyywådb0udk r,l&?
xkdUaMumifh 0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxmü -
ba0gwd yaew¬ ur®ba0g0 t"dayÜawm/ aom [d Zmwd,m ypöa,m? e Oyywådba0g?
aom p ye ur®ypö, Oyedó, ypö,0aoe a'G"m ypöa,m a[mwDwd (0dok'¨dr*f? 2/ 210)/

tpodkU
ur®b0u Zmwdtm; aus;Zl;ûyyHk

ur®b0u Zmwdtm; aus;Zl;ûyyHkudk b,fyHkb,fenf; odEdkifoenf;[lrl owå0gwkdUrSm
jyifytaMumif;rsm; wlnDaeaomfvnf; ,kwfnHhjcif; rGefjrwfjcif;paom xl;jcm;uGJvGJcsufudk
awGUjrifae&aomaMumifh odEdkifayonf/ csJUjyygOD;rnf -
rdbwkdU\ okufaoG;? tpm tm[m&paom jyify taMumif;rsm; wlnDaeaomfvnf;
trTmnDaemifESpfOD;wkdUyif tcsif;csif; rwlbJ wpfOD;u ,kwfnHhatmufus t½kyfqkd; ynmrJhjzpfum wpfOD;u
txufwef;us vSywifhw,f ynmMuG,faejcif;paom xl;jcm;csufudk awGUjrifae&onf?
xkdxl;jcm;csufonf taMumif;rJh rjzpfEkdifay? tu,fí taMumif;rJh jzpfonfqdkygvQif xdkxljcm;csufonf
tcgcyfodrf; jzpfae&ayrnf? owå0gtm;vHk;rSm jzpfae&ayrnf? pifppfrlum; xkd ,kwfnHhjcif;? rGefjrwfjcif;
paom xl;jcm;csufonftcgcyfodrf; jzpfaeonfr[kwf? owå0gtm;vHk;rSm jzpfaeonf r[kwfcJh? xkdUaMumifh
,kwfnHhjcif; rGefjrwfjcif;paom xl;jcm;csufonf taMumif;rJhjzpfonfr[kwf ({ueftaMumif;&Sd&rnf)?
xkdtaMumif;um; tb,fenf;? ur®b0[laom taMumif;aMumifhom jzpfonf[k od&m\? rSefvSay\?
uHonf owå0gwkdU t,kwftjrwfponfh xl;jcm;uGJvJG&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;aywnf;? xkdYaMumifh
bk&m;½Sifu -
]]ur®H oawå 0dbZwd ,'d'H [DeyÜPdwwm,}} (r? 3? 244) [k a[mawmfrlcJhayonf/ xkdUaMumifh
ur®b0onf Zmwd\ taMumif;jzpfonfudk od&ayonf/
vkd&if; tcsKyfrSm ]]Oyg'ge ypö,m ba0g}} ü ]]b0}} t&udk avmuDukodkvf tukodkvf apwem
29-yg;[laom ]]ur®b0}} ESifh uHaMumifhjzpfaom tusdK;0dygufemru©E¨m ur®Z½kyf[laom ]]Oyywådb0}}
ESpfrsdK;ukd ,l&onf/
]]b0ypö,m Zmwd}} [lí ]]b0}} t&udk avmuDukodkvf tukodkvf apwem 29-yg;[laom
]]ur®b0}}ukdom ,l&onf[k oHo,uif;pGm rSwf,l&\/
Zmwdo'´g\ teufrSef
Zmwdo'´gonf ]]b0}} [laom teuf ]]taygif;}} [laom teuf ]]ocFww&m;wkdU\ OD;pGm jzpfrI
trSwftom;}} [laom teuf ]]y#doaE¨cE¨m}} [laomteuf ]] arG;zGm;jcif;}} [laom teuf ]]trsdK;Zmwf}}
[laomteuf ]]t&d,oDv}} [laom teufwkdUukd a[m\/
þ ]]b0ypö, Zmwd}} [laomygXfü ]]Zmwd}} o'´gonfum; ]]y#doaE¨cE¨m}} [laom teufukd
a[monf? xkdUaMumifh trd0rf;ü udef;atmif;&aom ]]*AÇao,su}} owå0gwkdU\ y#doaE¨
wnfaeonfrSpí trd0rf;rS zGm;jrifxGufajrmufonfhwdkifatmif þtwGif;üjzpfaom cE¨mwkdUonf
vnf;aumif;? tnd§ü(pdkpGwfap;uyf&mü) jzpfaom ]]oHao'Z}} owå0gESifh ukd,fxif½Sm;jzpfaom ]]Oyywåd}}
owå0gwkdU\ y#doaE¨¨cE¨mwkdUonfvnf;aumif; ]]Zmwd}} rnf\? þum; y&d,m,fenf;jzpfonf

tpodkU
rkcstm;jzifh xdkxdk bHkb0ü jzpfMuukefaom owå0gwkdU\ xdkxdkcE¨mwkdU a&S;OD;pGm jzpfay:rIonf ]]Zmwd}}

rnf\/
xdkUaMumifh 0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxmü -
]]oGm,rd" uAÇao,sumeH y#doE¨dawm y|m, ,m0 rmwkukpädrSm edu©reH? wm0
y0awåok caE¨ök/ £wa&oH y#doE¨dcaEäoG0gwd '|aAÁm/ t,rÜd p y&d,m,uxm0/
edyÜ&d,m,awm yeww¬ ww¬ edAÁwårmemeH owåmeH a, a, cE¨m ygwk b0EÅd? awoH awoH
yXrygwkbma0g Zmwd emr (0dok'¨dr*f? 2? 129) -
[k rdefUqdkawmfrlonf/
oar®m[ 0daem'eDt|uxm ESm 89-üvnf; tvm;wl t"dyÜm,frsm;udk zGifhjyawmfrl\? pum;tqdk
tenf;i,fomxl;onf/
xkdUjyif 0db*FygVdawmfü -
]]ww¬ uwrm b0ypö,m Zmwd? ,m awoH awoH owåmeH}} (tbd? 2? 144)
ponfjzifh a[mawmfrl\/
jrefrmjyef
xkdt0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&mpaom y#dpöorkyÜg'fb0[laom taMumif;aMumifhjzpfaom Zmwd- [lonf
tb,fenf;? xkdxdkowå0gwkdU\ xdkxdk owåedum,ü tMuifjzpfjcif;oabm? aumif;pGmjzpfjcif;oabm?
oufa&mufjcif;oabm? xif½Sm;jzpfay:jcif;oabm? cE¨mwkdU\ xif½Sm;jzpfay:jcif;oabm? tm,wewkdUukd
&jcif;oabmonf&Sd\? þoabmudk Zmwd[k qdktyf\/
vdk&if;tcsKyfum; *AÇao,su owå0gwkdU\ y#doaE¨wnfaeonfrS pí zGm;jrif&mtcgwdkifatmif
þtwGif;üjzpfaomcE¨mwkdUonfvnf;aumif;? oHao'Z Oyywfowå0gwkdU\ y#doaE¨tcgüjzpfaom
cE¨mwkdUonfvnf;aumif; y&d,m,ftm;jzifh Zmwdrnf\? xkdxdkowå0gwkdU\ xkdxdk bHkb0ü cE¨mwdkU\
a½S;OD;pGm jzpfay:rIonf rkcstm;jzifh Zmwdrnf\[k ,HkrSm;rJh rSwf,l&m\/
Z&mo'´g\ teufrSef
Z&monf
(1) ocFw w&m;wkdU\ &ifha&mf tdkrif;jcif; trSwftom;jzpfaomZ&m?
(2) oGm;usdK;jcif;? qHjzLjcif;ponf orkwftyfaom wpfb0ü tusHK;0ifaom cE¨mwkdU\
a[mif;EGrf;aqG;jrnfhjcif;[laom Z&m -
tm;jzifh 2-yg; tjym;&Sd\/ xkd 2-yg;wkdUwGif oGm;usdK;jcif;? qHjzLjcif;ponf orkwftyfaom wpfb0ü
tusHK;0ifaom cE¨mwkdU\ a[mif;EGrf;aqG;jrnfhjcif;udk þt&mü Z&m[k tvdk&Sdtyf\/

tpodkU
xkdZ&monf cE¨mwkdU\ &ifhusifjcif; vu©Pm&Sd\/ aojcif;odkUuyfíaqmifjcif; udpö½Sd\/

t½G,faumif;jcif;udk zsufqD;wwfaom oabm[k ÓPfxJüxifvmwwf\ (0dok'¨d? 2? 132)/
0dbif;ygVdawmfüvnf; -
ww¬ uwrm Z&m? ,m awoH awoH owåmeH wrSd wrSd owåeduma, Z&m ZD&Pwm
c@dpöH ygvdpöH 0vdwåpwm tm,kaemoH[med £jE´d,meH y&dygaum? t,H 0kpöwd Z&m
(tbd? 2? 144)/
xkdZ&m? r&P ESpfyg;wkdUwGif Z&m- [laom oabmw&m;onf tb,fenf;? xdkxdkowå0gwkdU\
xdkxdk owåedum,ü tMuifavsmhyg;jcif; (tdkrif; ,kwfavsmhjcif;) oabm &ifha&mf aqG;jrnfhaMumif; oabm
oGm;usdK;aMumif; oabm qHyifjzLaMumif;oabm ta&wGefUaMumif;oabmonf ½Sd\? þoabmudk Z&m-
[k qkdtyf\[k bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwkdif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhavonf/
xkdZ&monf xif½Sm;aom ygu#Z&m? zHk;uG,ftyfaom (rxif½Sm;aom) y#dpäEéZ&m- [lí 2-
rsdK;jym;\? xkd 2-rsdK;aomZ&mwkdUwGif qHjzLoGm;aMuG ta&wGefUjcif; ponfwkdUudk jrif&jcif;aMumifh
½kyfw&m;wkdUüjzpfaom Z&monf xif½Sm;aom ]ygu#}Z&mrnf\? emrfw&m;wkdUüjzpfaom Z&monfum;
xkduJhokdUaom azmufjyefrI xl;jcm;aom trlt&mudk rjrifEdkifaomaMumifh zHk;uG,ftyfaom (rxif½Sm;aom)
y#dpäEéZ&m rnf\/
oGm;usdK;jcif;? qHyifjzLjcif;? ta&wGefUjcif;wkdUonf (rsufpdjzifh jrif&aomaMumihf)
tqif;½kyfomjzpfonf? Z&mr[kwf? xkdoGm;usdK;jcif; qHjzLjcif;? ta&wGefUjcif;wkdUudk rsufpdjzifh jrifjyD;aemuf
]Z&maMumifh þoGm;awG usdK;&onf? Z&maMumifh þqHyifawGjzL&onf? Z&maMumifh þta&awG
wGefU&onf} [k raem'Gg&jzifh MuHpnfí Z&mudkod&onf? xkdUaMumifh cE¨mwkdU\ tdkrif;&ifha&mfjcif;onf
Z&mrnf\ [k rSwfod&m\ (oar®m|? 93)/
r&Po'´g\ teufrSef
r&Ponf -
(1) ocFww&m;wdkU\ ysufpD;jcif; trSwftom;jzpfaom r&P
(2) wpfb0ütusHK;0ifaom ZD0dwdajE´tpOf\ jywfpJjcif; r&P- [lí 2-yg; tjym;&Sd\/
xdk 2-yg;aom r&PwkdUwGif þ ]r&PrÜd 'ku©H}[laom yk'f ]Zmwdypö,m Z&mr&P} [laomyk'fwkdUü
wpfb0ütusHK;0ifaom ZD0dwdajE´tpOf\ jywfpJjcif;ukdom ]r&P}[k ,l&onf/
xkdr&Ponf jzpfqJb0rS a½GUavsmjcif; vu©Pm&Sd\? auGuGif;&jcif; udpö&Sd\/
(0dok'¨dr*¾ t|uxm? 'k-ESm -133)

tpodkU
0dbif;ygVdawmfüvnf; -
]]ww¬ uwrH r&PH?? ,m awoH awoH owåmeH wrSm wrSm owåedum,m pkwd
p0ewm aba'g tEÅ&"meH rpöK r&PH umvud&d,m cE¨meH aba'g uaV0&ó edau©ayg
ZD0dwdjE´d,óyapäa'g? £'H 0kpöwd r&PH}} (tbd? 2? 144)/
xdkZ&m? r&P ESpfyg;wkdUwGif r&P[lonf tb,fenf;? xdkxdkowå0gwkdU\ xdkxdk owåedum,rS
a½GUavsmjcif;oabm a½GUavsmonf\ tjzpf ûyduGJjcif;oabm aysmufuG,fjcif;oabm rpöK[k
ac:qkdtyfaom aojcif;oabm? tqHk;udk ûyjcif;oabm cE¨mwkdU\ ysufpD;ûyduGJjcif;oabm
tavmif;aumifudk ypfcsjcif;oabm ZD0dwdajE´\ jywfpJjcif;oabmonf&Sd\? þoabm tvHk;pHkukd
r&P[k qdktyf\ [k bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmfrlavonf/
xkdaojcif; ]r&P}onf (1) cPdur&P? (2) or®Kwdr&P? (3) orkapä'r&P -[lí
oHk;yg;tjym;&Sd\/ xdkoHk;yg;wkdUwGif-
(1) y0wådtcg ½kyfemrfw&m;wkdU\ ysufpD;jcif;onf cPwkdif; cPwdkif; jzpfaom aojcif;
]]cPdur&P}} rnf\/
(2) wdó aojyD? zkó aojyD? armifb aojyD? rvS aojyD ponfjzifh ajymqkdtyfaom
aojcif;onf orkwfac:a0:tyfaom aojcif; ]]or®Kwdr&P}} rnf\/
(3) &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf\ wpfzef y#doaEäejcif;r½Sdaom aojcif;onf tMuGif;rJh jywfpJaom
aojcif; ]] orkapä'r&P}} rnf\/
þoHk;rsdK;aom aojcif; ]r&P} wkdUwGif ]r&PrÜd 'ku©H} [laomygXf ]Zmwdypö,m Z&mr&PH}
[laomygXfwkdUü ]r&P} \ t& or®Kwdr&Pudkom ,l&onf/ (oar®m[0daem'eD -95)
xkdUaMumifh wpfb0ütusHK;0ifaom ZD0dwdajE´ tpOf\jywfpJjcif; ]ZD0dwdjE´d
yapä'r&P} armifbaojyD? rvS aojyD ponfjzifh ajymqkdorkwftyfaom ]or®Kwdr&P}onf r&P
rnf\ [k od&m\/
þokdU jyqkdcJhjyD;onfhtwdkif; b0? Zmwd? Z&m? r&P - [laom yk'fwkdU\ t"dyÜm,ftrSefudk
ygVdawmf t|uxmwkdUü bk&m;½SifESihf om0uwkdU a[mMum;rdefUqdkxm;ygvsuf Ak'¨0dyóem trnf½Sd pmtkyf
'kwd,wGJü (w? x? '? ") trSwfjy pum;&yfrsm;udk a&;om;azmfjyjcif;onf bk&m;½Sif a'oemawmfudk
ajymifavSmif jyufacsmf oa&mfouJhokdUjzpf&um; bk&m;½Sif\ omoemawmf ysufpD;uG,faysmuf&ef
&nf½G,fcsufjzifh a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
trSwfpOf (15) e? y? z trSwfjy apm'emcsufyg pum;&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

20/ (e) ykaAÁed0goÓPfum; -
ykaAÁ = ajcmufESpfumv cgor,/ ed = xif½Sm;{uef trSefr½Sdaom/ 0go = wyfrufpGJvrf;jcif;\
ESdyfpuf n§Of;yef;rIcH&jcif;wkdUudk/ ÓP = trSefxGif;azmuf todÓPf& a&mufcJhavjyD/
(y) 'dAÁpu©KÓPfum; -
pu©K = rsufpdESpfuGif;jzifh jrifjcif;[lorQwkdUudk/ 'dAÁ = ½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif; tpGJuif;jyD;/ ÓPH =
trSefxGif;azmuf odjrifjcif;okdU &a&mufcJhavjyD/
(z) tmo0u©,ÓPfum; -
tmo0 = wyfrufpGJvrf;rIjzpfjcif;[lorQudk/ c, = ukefcef;csKyfjidrf;rI trSefodkU&½Sdjcif;udk/ ÓPH=
trSefxGif;azmuf odjrifjcif;okdU a&mufcJhavjyD/
(trSefw&m; okawoe trSwf(1) pmapmif? pmrsufESm -7? tbd"r®m q&mpdef)
txufygpum;&yfwkdUudk oufaocHtjzpf xkwfjyí OD;Ouú|\ aemufvdkufwkdU\
a&;om;csufrsm;onf t"r®rsm;om jzpfaMumif; apm'emMu\/
wpfzef yg&mZduçu@ t|uxm? a0&OÆu@ 0PÖemüvmaom pum;&yfwkdUudk om"uwifí
ykaAÁed0gomEkówdpaom yk'fwkdU\teuftrSefukd apm'uq&mawmfwkdUu azmfjyjyD;vQif or®m'd|d
okawoe tzJGUcsKyfrS xkwfa0aom trSefw&m; okawoe trSwf(1) pmapmif pmrsufESm 7-üvmaom
tbd"r®m q&mpdef qdkol\ ykaAÁed0go ponf zGifhqdkcsufwkdUrSm trSefw&m;udk a½Smif½Sm;í trSm;rsm;udkom
okawoeûyxm;aom pum;rsm;omjzpfygonf[k apm'u q&mawmfwkdUu wifjy apm'emMuonf/
,if;apm'emt& ]]ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓP}} paom yk'fwkdU\ teufrSefudk usrf;*efESifh nd§í
pdppfa0zefMuukeftHh? ,if;okdU a0zef&mü y&d,wftajccHr&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfrsm; vG,fulpGm odEdkifMu&ef om"u
ygXfwkdUudk atmufajcü oD;jcm;xkwfí t"dyÜm,frQudkom azmfjyvsuf a0zefMuukefthH/
(u) ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf
ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓP ( ykaAÁ + ed0go + tEk +owd +ÓP)
ykaAÁ = a½S;twdwfb0ü
ed0go = aetyfcJhzl;aom cE¨m? aetyfcJhzl;aom w&m;udk
tEk = tpOfavQmufí (0g) pdwfudk ñGwfapjcif;\ tjcm;rJhü
owd = atmufarhEdkifaom owdESifh
ÓP = (,SOfaom) ÓPf/
A½S;twdwfb0ü aecJhzl;aom cE¨m? aecJhzl;aom w&m;udk tpOfavQmufí atmufarhEdkifaom
owdESifh ,SOfaom ÓPfonf (0g) a½S;twdwfb0ü aecJhzl;aom cE¨m? aecJhzl;aom w&m;udk (pdwfudk

tpodkU
ñGwfapjcif;\) tjcm;rJhomvQif atmufarhEdkifaom owdESifh,SOfaom ÓPfonf

]]ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf}} rnf\[k tusOf;tm;jzifh rSwfom;&m\/
csJUjyOD;thH? ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓP - [laomyk'fü ]]ykaAÁ}} [laomyk'f\ t&udk ,ck ypöKyÜefb0ü
a½S;a½S;aom &uf? v? ESpf wkdUukd ,l&rnf r[kwf? a½S;a½S;aom twdwfb0wkdUudk ,l&onf? xkdUaMumifh
t|uxmwkdUü ]]ykaAÁ}}udk ]]twDwZmwDok}} [k zGifhjyMuonf? bk&m;½Sifonfvnf; ]]ykaAÁed0go}} t&ukd
]]{urÜd Zmwð a'Gyd Zmwda,m}} (wpfb0 ESpfb0) ponfjzifh a[mjyawmfrlonf/
]]ed0go}} [laomyk'ft& aecJhzl;aom cE¨mwkdUukd ,l&onf? aecJhzl;aomcE¨m [lonfum; pGJrSDí
aecJhzl;ukefaom= tzefzefjzpfjyD;ukefaom rdrdoP²mefüjzpfí csKyfjyD;ukefaom twdwfb0 cE¨mrsm;jzpfonf/
ykaAÁ ed0gaomwd ykaAÁ twDwZmwDok ed0kw¬u©E¨m? ed0kw¬mwd tZÑ0kw¬m tEkblwm
twåaem oEåmae OyÜZÆdwGm ed½k'¨g (0dok'¨d? 2? 40/ 0d? |? 1? 128)/
(ygXftaetxm; tenf;i,frQ xl;jcm;onf)
wpfenf; - ]]ed0go}} [laom yk'ft& aecJhzl;aom w&m;wkdUukd ,l&onf? aecJhzl;aom
w&m;[lonfum; tm½Hkûyí aezl;aom (awGUêuHcJhzl;aom) w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/
ed0kw¬"r®m 0g ed0kw¬m? a*gp&ed0gaoe ed0kw¬m twåaem 0dnmaPe 0dnmwm y&dpädEém?
y&0dnmP0dnmwmyd 0g qdEé0#KrumEkó&Pm'Dok (0dok'¨d? 2? 40/ 0d? |? 1? 128)/
(ygXftaetxm; tenf;i,frQomxl;jcm;onf)
þokdUvQif ykaAÁed0goonf pGJrSDí aecJhzl;aom = rdrdoEÅmefüjzpfí csKyfjyD;aom cE¨m
(tZÑ0kw¬ed0go)? t½HkûyíaecJhzl;aom = awGUêuHcJhzl;aomw&m; (a*gp&ed0go)[lí 2-rsdK;½Sdonf/
xkdtm½HkûyíaecJhzl;aom w&m;[k qdktyfaom a*gp&ed0goonfvnf; rdrd0dnmPfjzifh odcJhzl;aom
w&m;? olwpfyg; 0dnmPfjzifh odcJhzl;aom w&m;[k 2-rsdK;½Sd\/
rdrd0dnmPfjzifh odcJhzl;aom w&m;- [lonf a½S;twdwfb0wdkUü rdrdcE¨mESifh qufoG,fí
rdrd\trnf tEG,f tqif; tpmtm[m& okc? 'ku©rsm; rdrd\ rdbaqGrsdK; taygif;tazmfpaomolwkdUESifh
ae&mXmersm; paom rdrd 0dnmPfjzifh awGUêuHcHpm;cJh&aom tm½Hkrsm;wnf;/
«psmeftbdnmOfudk&aom (wdw¬dac:aom) omoemy &aohrsm;ESifh yapöu Ak'¨gom0uwkdUonf
þqdkcJhjyD;aom rdrdukd,fawGU taMumif;t&mrsm;udkom tbdnmOfjzifh odEdkifMuonf/»
olwpfyg;wkdU 0dnmPfjzifh odtyfzl;aom w&m;[lonf rdrdukd,fawGUr[kwfbJ olwpfyg;wkdU
awGUêuH cHpm;cJh&aom tm½Hkrsm;jzpfonf? pu©Kygvax&f\ aq;orm;b0wkef;u ûyvkyfcJhaomtrIonf
bk&m;½Sif ukd,fwkdif xkdpOfu rawGUêuHcJh&aomfvnf; bk&m;jzpfonfhtcg (pu©Kygv\ 0dnmPfjzifh
awGUêuHcJh&aom tm½Hk taMumif;t&mrsm;udk) tbdnmOfjzifh jyefíodjcif;rsdK;wnf;/
oHo&mc&D; jywfjyD;aom bk&m; &[EÅmwkdUukd atmufarh&m umvponfwdkUü xkdbk&m;
&[EÅmwkdU\ 0dnmPfjzifh odtyfcJhzl;aom r*f zkdvf edAÁmef paomw&m;rsm;onf odcgywå=

tpodkU
xdyfwef;tusqHk; ykaAÁed0gojzpfonf? y&dedAÁmefpHjyD;aom a½S;bk&m; tqlqludk taMumif;ûyí

]]xkdbk&m;½Sifonf þokdUþyHk 0dyóem ½Iawmfrl\? þokdUþyHk r*fukd jzpfapawmfrl\? þokdUþyHk zkdvf
edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufûyawmfrl\? þokdUþyHk a0ae,swkdUtm; w&m;a[mjy qHk;rawmfrl\}} [k
þbk&m;½Sifu tbdnmOfjzifh odawmfrljcif;rsdK;wnf;/ (þolwpfyg; 0dnmPfjzifh odtyfzl;aom w&m;udk
jyefodEdkifaom tbdnmOfum; bk&m;½SifwkdU\ tbdnmOfomwnf;/)
wdw¬d,m p ykaAÁed0goH tEkó&rmem twåem 'd|uwokwar0 tEkó&EÅd/ wxm
om0um p yapöumAk'¨g p/ Ak'¨g ye twåem 0g ya&[d 0g 'd|uwokwH oAÁar0 tEkó&EÅd
('D? | ? 2 ? 3)/
qufOD;thH? wdw¬dwdkUonf a½S;b0ü aetyfzl;aom cE¨mukd tpOfavQmufí atmufarhukefvwfaomf
udk,fwkdif jriftyf ûytyf Mum;tyfzl;aom tm½HkudkomvQif tpOfavQmufí atmufarhEdkifukef\? bk&m;½Sif\
wynfhwkdUonfvnf;aumif;? yapöu Ak'¨gonfvnf;aumif; xdkUtwl udk,fwkdif jriftyf ûytyf Mum;tyfaom
tm½Hkudkom tpOfavQmufí atmufarhEdkifukef\ [lvdk/
jyqdkcJhjyD;aom enf;-3-enf;wdkUwGif yxrenf; tvdktm;jzifh ]]a½S;twdwfb0üaecJhzl;aom
(tzefzefjzpfzl;ukef = rdrdoEÅmefü jzpfcsKyfjyD;ukefaom)cE¨mwkdUonf ykaAÁed0go rnf\/
'kwd,enf;tvdktm;jzifh a½S;twdwfb0ü rdrd0dnmPfjzifh tm½Hkûyí aecJhzl;aom
(rdrdukd,fawGUjzpfaom) rdrdcE¨m? olwpfyg;cE¨mESifh jyify A[d'¨ tm½Hkrsm;onf ykaAÁed0go rnf\/
wwd,enf; tvkdtm;jzifh rdrd0dnmPfjzifh tm½HkûyíaecJhzl;aom w&m;omru olwpfyg;wkdU
0dnmPfjzifh tm½HkûyíaecJhzl;aom (udk,fawGU r[kwfaom) tm½Hkrsm;onfvnf; ykaAÁed0go rnf\ - [k
,HkrSm;rJh rSwf,l&m\/
]]a½S;ajcmufESpfumv cgor,ü xif&Sm;\ trSefr½Sdaom wyfrufpGJvrf;jcif;\ ESdyfpuf
n§Of;yef;rIcH&jcif;}} [laom tbd"r®m q&mpdefqdkoljyefqkdtyfaom teufonfum; rnfonfh usrf;*efürQ
r½Sdaom o'´gteufvdkufzufwGJpyfí vHk;0r&aom teufom jzpfonf? bk&m;½Sif\ ykaAÁed0go
ÓPfawmfMuD;ukd wpfb0twGif;üom abmifcwfvdkí a½S;ajcmufESpf[k qdkjcif;jzpfonf?
wpfb0twGif;üom abmifcwfvdkjcif;onfvnf; ½kyf0g'ESihf udkufnDatmif êud;pm;jcif;om jzpfayonf/
tEkówdü tEko'´gonf tpOfavQmufí[laom ]]tEk*w}} teufESifh tjcm;rJh[laom ]]teEÅ&}}
teufwkdUukda[monf/
wpfb0odjyD;vQif aemufb0wkdUudkod? xdkaemufb0udk odjyD;vQif xdkrS aemufjzpfaom b0udkod
ponfjzifh b0tpOfudk avQmufí atmufarhjcif;onf ]]tEk*w}} tpOfavQmufí atmufarhjcif;jzpfonf?
a½S;b0wkdUü aecJhzl;aom cE¨mwkdU xifvmatmif tajccH0ifpm;tyfaom yg'upsme0DxdESifh ]]a½S;b0ü
aecJhzl;aom cE¨mudk odtHh}} [k y&duHûyaom 0Dxdrsm;rjzpfbJ pwkw¬psmefpdwfudk ykaAÁed0gookdU

tpodkU
ñGwfapjcif;\ tjcm;rJhü atmufarhEdkifjcif;onf ]]teEÅ&}} tjcm;rJhü atmufarhjcif;onf xdkowdESifh

,SOfaom ÓPfonf ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf rnf\/
ykaAÁed0gomEkówdwD ,m, owd,m ykaAÁed0goH tEkó&wd/ om ykaAÁed0gomEkówd/
ÓPEÅd wm, owd,m orÜ,kwåÓPH (0dok'¨d? 2? 40/ 0d? |? 1? 128)/
ykaAÁed0gomEkówd- [lonfum;? tMuifowdjzifh a&S;twdwfb0ü aetyfcJhzl;aom cE¨mudk? 0g?
a½S;twdwfb0ü aetyfcJhzl;aom w&m;udk? tpOfavQmufí atmufarhEdkif\? xdkowdonf
ykaAÁed0gomEkówdrnf\/ ÓPf[lonfum; xdkowdESifh ,SOfaom ÓPfwnf;/
jyqdkcJhjyD;aom pum;&yfwkdUjzifh ]]a½S;twdwfb0wkdUü aecJhzl;aom cE¨m? a½S;twdwfb0wkdUü
rdrd0dnmPf olwpfyg;wkdU 0dnmPfjzifh tm½Hkûyí aecJhzl;aom (awGUêuHcJhzl;aom) tm½Hk taMumif;t&mwkdUudk
(tpOfavQmufíjzpfap? pdwfudk ñGwfapjcif;\ tjcm;rJhüjzpfap) atmufarhEdkifaom owdESifh ,SOfaom
ÓPfonf ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPfrnf\/
xdkÓPfudkyif ykaAÁed0goÓPf[k twdkaumuf ac:Muonf/
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfonf xdk ykaAÁed0gomEkówd 0dZÆmÓPfudk &apEdkif jzpfapEdkifaom tusifh
y#dy'gvrf;pOfudkvnf;aumif;? xkdvrf;pOftwdkif; udk,fawmfwdkif usifhMuHêud;ukwf tm;xkwfawmfrlcJhyHkudk
vnf;aumif;? udk,fawmfwdkif xkdÓPfudk &í a½S;twdwfb0rsm;pGmü aecJhzl;aom (awGUêuHcJhzl;aom)
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk udk,fawmfwdkif odawmfrlyHkudk vnf;aumif; atmufygtwdkif; a[mawmfrlcJhavonf/
tm&'¨H acg ye ar jAm[®P 0D&d,H ta[mod/ y/ ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPm, pdwåH
tbdedEém aroð/ aom taeu0d[dwH ykaAÁed0goH tEkó&mrd/y/ t,H acg ar jAm[®P
yXrmbdedAÁd'g ta[mod ukuúKXpämyuaó0 t@aumorSm (0d? 1? 4-5)/
jrefrmjyef
ykPÖm; igonf rwGefUwkdaom vHkUvudk tm;xkwfjyD;jyD? (ightm;) arhavsmh (aysmufysuf)
jcif;r&Sdaom owdonf xifjyD? (ig\) ukd,fonf ylyefjcif; r&Sd jidrf;at;jyD? (ig\) pdwfonf
wpfckwnf;aom tm½Hk½Sdonfjzpfí aumif;pGm wnfjyD? ykPÖm; xdkigonf umr*kPfwkdUrS qdwfíomvQif
tukodkvfw&m;wdkUrS qdwfíomvQif MuHpnfjcif; ]0dwwf}ESifhwuGjzpfaom oHk;oyfqifjcifjcif; ]0dpm&} ESifh
wuGjzpfaom (eD0&P) uif;qdwfjcif;aMumifh jzpfaom ESpfodrfhjcif; ]yDwd} csrf;omjcif; ]okc} ½Sdaom
yxrpsmefokdU a&mufí aecJhjyD/
0dwuf? 0dpm& jidrf;jcif;aMumifh rdrdoEÅmefü pdwfudk Munfvifapwwfaompdwf? wnfMunfrI
orm"dukdyGm;apwwfaom? MuHpnfrI ]0dwuf} r½Sdaom? oHk;oyfqifjcifrI ]0dpm&} r½Sdaom? wnfMunfrI
]orm"d} aMumifh jzpfaom? ESpfodrfhjcif; ]]yDwd}}? csrf;omjcif; ]okc} ½Sdaom 'kwd,psmefokdU a&mufí aecJhjyD;
ESpfodrfhrI ]yDwd} udkvnf; rwyfrufjcif;aMumifh atmufarhrI ]owd} qifjcifrI ]orÜZOf}ESifh jynfhpHkonfjzpfí
vspfvsL½Ivsuf aecJhjyD? csrf;omrI ]okc}udkvnf; udk,fjzifh cHpm;cJhjyD? tMuif wwd,psmefaMumifh

tpodkU
xdkoludk ]vspfvsL½Iol owd½Sdol csrf;ompGm aeavh½Sdol} [k t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdUonf ajymMum;Muukef\/ xdk

igonf xdk wwd,psmefokdU a&mufí aecJhjyD/
csrf;om qif;&Judk y,fjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; a½S;OD;uyifvQif 0rf;omjcif; ESvHk;romjcif;wkdU\
csKyfESifhjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; qif;&J csrf;omr&Sdaom vspfvsL½IrI ]Oayu©m} aMumifhjzpfaom owd\
pifMu,fjcif;&Sdaom pwkw¬psmefokdU a&mufí aecJhjyD/
þokdU wnfMunfaom pdwfonf pifMu,fvwfaomf jzLpifvwfaomf npfaMu; r&Sdvwfaomf
npfñl;jcif; uif;vwfaomf El;nHhvwfaomf ûyjcif;iSm toifh jzpfvwfaomf wnfwHhvwfaomf
rwkefvIyfjcif;okdU a&mufvwfaomf xkdigonf a&S;ü jzpfzl;aom (aezl;aom) (b0cE¨m) udk
atmufarhíodaom ]ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf} tvdkUiSm pdwfudk a½S;½IñGwfapcJhjyD/
(þ pum;awmf tpOfjzifh ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPf\ tusifh y#dy'g tusOf;csKyfudk jyawmfrlonf? tus,f
0dok'¨dr*f 'k? ESm - 42)
xdkigonf rsm;jym;aom a½S;üaecJhzl;aom b0(cE¨m)udk atmufarhEdkif\? þonfwkdUum;
tb,fenf;/
wpfb0udkvnf;aumif;? ESpfb0wkdUudkvnf;aumif;/ y/ q,fb0wdkUudkvnf;aumif;?
b0ESpfq,fwkdUukdvnf;aumif;/y/ b0ig;q,fwkdUudkvnf;aumif;? b0wpf&mudkvnf;aumif;?
b0wpfaxmifudkvnf;aumif;? b0 wpfodef;udkvnf;aumif;? rsm;jym;aom ysufuyfwkdUukdvnf;aumif;?
rsm;jym;aom jzpfuyfwkdUudkvnf;aumif;? rsm;jym;aom ysufuyfjzpfuyfwkdUukdvnf;aumif;?
atmufarhEdkifcJhjyD? tb,fyHk atmufarhEdkifcJhoenf;? þrnfaom b0ü (igonf) þokdUaom trnftEG,f
½SdcJh\? þokdUaomtqif;½SdcJh\? þokdUaom tpmtm[m& ½SdcJh\/ þokdUcsrf;omqif;&Judk cHpm;cJh\?
þokdUaom touftydkif;tjcm; ½SdcJh\? xdkigonf xdkb0rSpkawcJhí þb0ü jzpfjyef\[k þokdU
tjcif;t&mESifhwuG ñTefjyzG,f (trnftEG,f)ESifhwuG rsm;jym;aom a½S;üjzpfcJhzl; (aecJhzl;)aom b0udk
atmufarhEdkifcJhjyD/
ykPÖm; igonf nOfhOD;,mrfü þyXrjzpfaom todÓPf ]0dZÆm}udk &cJhjyD? rarhravsmh jyif;pGm
tm;xkwfvsuf apvTwftyfaom pdwf½Sdonfjzpfí aeaomoltm; rodrI ]t0dZÆm} aysmufí todÓPf ]0dZÆm}
jzpfay:ouJhokdU ightm; rodrI ]t0dZÆm} aysmufí todÓPf ]0dZÆm} jzpfay:cJhjyD? trdkufarSmifaysmufí
tvif;a&mif jzpfay:ouJhokdU ightm; trdkufarSmif aysmufí tvif;a&mif jzpfay:cJhjyD/
ykPÖm; þonfum; Muufi,fonf OcGHwGif;rS azmufcJGxGufay:vmouJhokdU (t0dZÆmOcGHrS) ig\
yXrazmufcGJ xGufay:vmjcif;jzpf\/
þum; bk&m;½Sif ukd,fawmfjrwf\ ykaAÁed0gomEkówdÓPfudk &atmif tm;xkwf usifhMuHcJhyHkESifh
xkdÓPfjzifh twdwfb0wdkUudk jyefajymif;odjrifawmfrlyHkudk a0&OÆykPÖm;MuD;tm; udk,fawmfwdkif
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom a½TEIwfawmfxGuf pum;awmfaywnf;/

tpodkU
odkUjzpfaomaMumifh ykaAÁed0goudk a½SUajcmufESpfponfjzifh pk'dwuwkdU\ a&;om;csufonf

t"r®pum;&yfrsm; jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/
(c) 'dAÁpu©KÓPf
pk'dwuwkdU\ 'dAÁpu©K ÓPf a&;om;csuf rSm;,Gif;yHkudk pdppfOD;tHh -
21/ (u) 'dAÁpu©KÓP ('dAÁ + pu©K + ÓP) ewfwkdU\yom'pu©Krsufpd tMunf½kyfonf
okp½dkufuHaMumifh jzpfonfhtwGuf onf;ajc ovdyf aoG;qdk; paom taESmuft,SufwkdUu
raESmuf,SuftyfbJ npfñl;aMumif; tjypfwdkUrS uif;vGwfjcif;aMumifh ta0;üwnfaom ½lyg½Hk?
ao;i,faom½lyg½Hkukdaomfvnf; jrifpGrf;Edkifonf? 0D&d, jy|mef;onfh bm0emtpGrf;aMumifhjzpfaom
þtbdnmOf ÓPfrsufpdonfvnf; npfñl;aMumif; tjypfwkdUrS uif;vGwfjcif;? ta0;üwnfaom ½lyg½Hk?
ao;i,faom ½lyg½Hkudkaomfvnf; jrifpGrf;Edkifjcif;tm;jzifh ewfrsufpdESifh wlaomaMumif ]]'dAÁ}} rnf\/
(u) 'daAÁemwdtm'Dok 'dAÁo'dowåm 'dAÁH/ a'0wmeO§d okp&dwur® edAÁwåH ydwåaorS½k[d&m'D[d
tyvdAk'¨H Oyuúdavo0drkwåwm, 'la&yd tm&r®PorÜ#dpäeorw¬H 'dAÁH yom'pu©K
a[mwd? £'Íömyd 0D&d,bm0emAvedAÁwåH ÓPpu©K wm'doar0gwd 'dAÁ'dowåm 'dAÁH
(0d? |? 1? 132/ 0dok'¨dr*f? 'k? 53-54)/
(þOyrmonf Oyar,sjzpfaom 'dAÁpu©KÓPfatmuf ,kwfnHhaom ewfrsufpdESifh
EIdif;,SOfjyaom [DEkyrm jzpfonf? 'dAÁpu©KÓPfum; ewfrsufpdxuf r,SOfomatmif
omvGefonf/)
(c) wpfenf;? jA[®mhjynfü psmefw&m;wkdU tjzpfrsm;í xdkpsmefw&m;jzifh aejcif;aMumifh
½lyg0p&psmefav;yg;onf 'dAÁ0d[m& rnf\? xdk'dAÁ0d[m& rnfaom psmefav;yg;\
tpGrf;jzifh &tyfaomaMumihf (taMumif;psmeftrnfudk tusdK;ÓPf rsufpdü wifpm;í
um&Plypm&tm;jzifh) ÓPfrsufpdonf 'dAÁ rnf\/
(*) wpfenf;? t*Fg½Spfyg;½Sdaom pwkw¬psmefudk (yg'u) tajccHûyí'dAÁpu©KtbdnmOfjzpf&\?
xkdYaMumifh 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmOfonf 'dAÁ0d[m&rnfaom (yg'u) pwkw¬psmefudk
rSDonf[kqdk&onf? þokdU rdrdukd,fwdkif 'dAÁ0d[m& rnfaom (yg'u) tajccHjzpfonfh
pwkw¬psmefudkrSDaomaMumifh (taMumif;psmef\ trnfudk tusdK; ÓPfrsufpdü wifpm;í
um&Plypm&tm;jzifh) ÓPfrsufpdonf 'dAÁ rnf\/
'dAÁ0d[m&0aoe y#dv'¨wåm? twåem p 'dAÁ0d[m& oEédódwwåmyd 'dAÁH
(0d?|?1?132/ 0dok'¨dr*f?'k? 53-54)/

tpodkU
(C) wpfenf;? 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmOfudk jzpfapvdkaom wefckd;½Sifonf yifukd,fu ta&mif½Sdaom

awaZm uodkPf;? Mo'gw uodkPf;? tmavmu uodkPf;[laom uodkPf;oHk;yg;wkdUwGif
wpfyg;yg;udk tm½Hkûyí pwkw¬psmefudk tajccH(yg'u) psmeftjzpfjzifh 0ifpm;&onf? þodkU
ta&miftvif;udk odrf;,l&onfhtwGuf MuD;us,faom ta&mif½Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumifh
'dAÁrnf\/
tmavmuy&d*¾a[e r[mZkwduwåmyd 'dAÁH/
wda&muk¥'d*w&ly'óaee r[m*wduwåmyd 'dAÁH/
'óeaw¦e pu©K? pu©Kudpöu&aPe pu©Krd0gwdyd pu©K (0d?|?1?132/ 0dok'¨dr*¾ 'k? 54)/
(i) wpfenf;? eH&Hwpfzufpaom t&yfüjzpfaom ½lyg½Hkukd jrifEdkifonfh twGuf
thHMozG,faumif;aom jzpfjcif;½Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumifhvnf; 'dAÁrnf\/
'dAÁpu©K[laom yk'fü pu©Konf yuwd rsufpdudk ra[m ½lyg½Hkudk jrifwwfaomaMumifh pu©Krnf\/
wpfenf;? rsufpd\ udpöudk ûyjcif;aMumifh yuwd rsufpdESifhwlonhftwGuf pu©K rnf\/
þokdU qkdcJhjyD;aom pum;tpOfjzifh ewfjynfüjzpfaom yom'pu©KESifhwlaom (0g)
'dAÁ0d[m&rnfaom psmefav;yg;tpGrf;jzifh &tyfaom (0g) 'dAÁ0d[m& pwkw¬psmefudk rSDaom (0g)
xGef;vif;awmufyaom (0g) eH&Hwpfzufpaom t&yfodkU rjidruyf oGm;wwfaom ÓPfrsufpdonf 'dAÁpu©K
rnf\[k ,HkrSm;rJh rSwf&m\/
þ'dAÁpu©KÓPfonfyif pkwdy#doaEükd odaMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh ]pkwlyygwÓPf}vnf; rnf\?
þÓPfjzifh odjrifyHk taMumif;t&mudk atmufygtwdkif; bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlcJhonf/
aom{0H orm[daw/y/ tbdedEémaroð? aom 'daAÁe pu©Kem/y/ t,H acg ar jAm[®P
'kwd,mbdedAÁd'g ta[mod ukuúK#pämyuaó0 t@aumorSm (0d?1?5-6)/
jrefrmjyef
þokdU wnfMunfaom pdwfonf pifMu,fvwfaomf jzLpifvwfaomf npfaMu; r½Sdvwfaomf
npfñl;aMumif; uif;vwfaomf El;nHhvwfaomf ûyjcif;iSm toifhjzpfvwfaomf wnfwHhvwfaomf
rwkefvIyfjcif;okdU a&mufvwfaomf xdk igonf owå0gwkdU\ pkwdy#doaEükd odaom ]pkwlyygwÓPf}
tvkdUiSm pdwfudk a½S;½InGwfapcJhjyD/
«þpum;awmfjzifh tusifh y#dy'gudk tusOf;jyonf/»
xdkigonf txl;ojzifh pifMu,faom vlwkdU\ jrifEdkifavmuf&m Oypmukd vGefaom
ewfrsufpdESifhwlaom ]'dAÁpu©KÓPfjzifh pkwdcgeD; owå0g? y#doaEäejyD;p owå0g? ,kwfaom owå0g?
jrwfaom owå0g? tqif;vSaom owå0g? tqif;rvSaom owå0g? aumif;aom vm;&m½Sdaom owå0g?
raumif;aom vm;&m½Sdaom owå0gwdkUudk jrif\? uHtm;avsmfpGm jzpfaom owå0gwdkUudkod\?
(b,fyHkodoenf;) tcsif;wkdU þowå0gwkdUonf ukd,fjzifh ûytyfaom raumif;aom

tpodkU
tusifhum,'kp½dkufESifh jynfhpHkukef\? EIwfjzifh ûytyfaom raumif;aom tusifh 0pD'kp½dkufESifh

jynfhpHkukef\? pdwfjzifh ûytyfaom raumif;aom tusifh raem'kp½dkufESifh jynhfpHkukef\? t&d,mwkdUudk
pGyfpGJukef\? rSm;aom t,l½Sdukef\/ rSm;aom t,ljzifh aqmufwnftyfaom uH½Sdukef\?
xdkowå0gwkdUonf cE¨mukd,fysufpD;í aojyD;onfrS aemufü csrf;omuif;&m raumif;aom vm;&m z½dkz&J
usa&muf&m i&JüjzpfMuukef\/ tcsif;wkdU þowå0gwkdUonfum; udk,fjzifh ûytyfaom aumif;aom
tusifh 0pDokp½dkufESifh jynfhpHkukef\/ pdwfjzifh ûytyfaom aumif;aomtusifh raemokp½dkufESifh
jynfhpHkukef\/ t&d,mwkdUudk rpGyfpGJMuukef? rSefaomt,l½Sdukef\/ rSefaom t,ljzifh
aqmufwnftyfaomuH½Sdukef\/ xdkowå0gwkdUonf cE¨mukd,f ysufpD;í aojyD;onfrS aemufü
aumif;aomvm;&m vlUjynf ewfjynf ok*wdü jzpfMuukef\[k od\/
þokdUvQif txl;ojzifh pifMu,faom vlwkdU\ jrifEdkifavmuf&m Oypmukd ausmfvGefaom
ewfrsufpdESifhwlaom 'dAÁpu©KÓPfjzifh pkawcgeD;owå0g y#doaEäejyD;powå0g/y/ uHtm;avsmfpGm
jzpfMu&aom owå0gwkdUudk od\/
ykPÖm; igonf oef;acgif rZÑdr,mrfü þ 'kwd, todÓPf 0dZÆmudk &cJhjyD? rarhravsmh jyif;pGm
tm;xkwfvsuf apvTwftyfaom pdwf½Sdonfjzpfí aeaomoltm; rodrI t0dZÆm aysmufí todÓPf 0dZÆm
jzpfay:ouJhokdU ightm; rodrI t0dZÆmaysmufí todÓPf0dZÆm jzpfay:cJhjyD? trdkufarSmif aysmufí
tvif;a&mif jzpfay:cJhjyD/
ykPÖm; þonfum; Muufi,fonf OcGHwGif;rS azmufcJGxGufay:vmouJhokdU (t0dZÆmOcGHrS) ig\
'kwd, azmufcGJxGufay:vmjcif; jzpf\/
þum; bk&m;½Sif\ 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPfudk &atmif usifhMuH êud;ukwf tm;xkwfawmfrlcJhyHkESifh
xkdÓPfjzifh odjrifawmfrlyHkwkdUudk a0&ÍÆykPÖm;MuD;tm; udk,fawmfwdkif a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom
a½TEIwfawmfxGuf pum;awmfjrwfaywnf;/
tcsKyfum; 'dAÁpu©K-[lonf vlwkdU\ yuwd rHopu©K r[kwf? tbdÓPfydkif½SifwkdU\
ewfrsufpduJhokdU us,fus,fjyefUjyefU jrifEdkifaom ÓPfrsufpdomjzpfavonf/
(*) tmo0u©,ÓPf
22/ tmo0 =tmo0w&m;wkdUudk + c, = ukefcef;apwwfaom +ÓP = todÓPf/
tb,faMumifh tb,fw&m;wkdUonf tmo0 rnfukefoenf; -
(u) tdkif;trmrS pufqkyfzG,fjzpfaom oeH&nf jynfap;wdkU ,dkpD;xGufusouJhokdU pu©Kpaom
ajcmuf'Gg&rS ½lyg½Hkpaom tm½Hkajcmufyg;wkdUü ,dkpD;xGufuswwf (jzpfwwf) aomaMumifh
avmb? 'd|d? arm[ wkdUonf tmo0 rnfukef\/

tpodkU
ww¬ tmo0EåDwd tmo0g? pu©Kawmyd/y/ reawmyd oEÉåd y0wåEåDwd 0kwåH a[mwd

(r?|?1?63/ tbd?|?1?90)/
(c) wpfenf;? w&m;oabmtm;jzifh aomwmywådr*f\ a½S;a*gMwbk wdkifatmif?
wnf&mbHktm;jzifh ae0onmemonm,webHk[k qdktyfaom b0*fwdkifatmif
jzpfwwfaomaMumifh avmb 'd|d arm[wkdUonf tmo0rnfukef\/
"r®awm ,m0 a*gMwbHk Moumoawm ,m0 b0*¾H o0EÅDwd 0g tm00g? {aw "ar®
{wÍö MoumoH taEåmu&dwGm y0wåEÅDwd taw¬m (r?|?1?63/ tbd?|?1?90)/
(*) wpfenf;? avmuü tcdk;jyif;atmif MumjrifhpGm pdrfxm;tyf xHkxm;tyfaom
pdrf&nft&ufudk tmo0-[k ac:\? þavmb 'd|d arm[-[laom
w&m;qdk;wkdUonfvnf; tprxif oHo&mwpfcGifrS ,aeUwdkifatmif cE¨mudk,fwnf;
[laom t&uftkd;ü MumjrifhpGm xHktyfonfh twGuf pdrf&nfESihfwlaomaMumifh tmo0
rnfukef\/
pd&yg&d0god,a|e r'd&m'a,m tmo0g? tmo0g 0d,m wdyd tmo0g/ avmuo®dO§d
pd&yg&d0godum r'd&m'a,m tmo0gwd 0kpöEÅd (r?|?1?63/ tbd?|?1?90)/
(C) wpfenf;? aumufyifonf toD;udk oD;ouJhokdU ½Snfvsm;vSpGmaom oHo&m
'ku©wnf;[laom toD;udk oD;wwf (jzpfapwwf) aomaMumifh avmb 'd|d
arm[wkdUonf tmo0rnfukef\/
tm,wH 0g oHom& 'ku©H o0EÅd yo0EÅDwdyd tmo0g (r?|?1?63/ tbd?|?1?90)/
xdkUaMumifh pu©Kpaom ajcmuf'Gg&rS ½lyg½Hkpaom tm½Hkajcmufyg;wkdUü ,kdpD;xGufuswwfaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif;? w&m;tm;jzifh a*gMwbkwkdifatmif wnf&mbHktm;jzifh b0*fwkdifatmif jzpfwwfaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif;? MumjrifhpGm pdrftyf xHktyfaom pdrf&nft&ufESifh wlaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
½Snfvsm;vSpGmaom oHo&m'ku©wnf;[laom toD;udk oD;wwfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; avmb 'd|d
arm[wkdUonf tmo0 rnfukef\ [k tusOf;csKyfod&m\/
«wyfrufpGJvrf;rI jzpfjcif;[lorQ tmo0 - [k qkdaom tbd"r®m q&mpdef qdkol\ teufum;
rnfonfh usrf;*efürQ r½Saom teufjzpfonf/»
c,o'´gum; ukefjcif;? ukef&m? ukefaMumif; ? ukefapwwf [laom teufwkdUudk a[m\?
þt&mü ukefaMumif;jzpfaom (0g) ukefapwwfaom t&[wår*fudk a[m\? t&[wår*f[lonf
or®m'd|dpaom r*¾if½Spfyg;wnf;? ÓPt&um; xkd t&[wår*f[k qdktyfaom r*¾if½Spfyg;ü yg0ifaom
or®m'd|d r*¾if[k qkdtyfaom ÓPfwnf;/

tpodkU
xkdUaMumifh tmo0w&m;wkdU\ ukefaMumif;jzpfaom (0g) tmo0w&m;wkdUudk ukefapwwfaom

t&[wår*füyg0ifaom or®m'd|dr*¾ifwnf;[laom ÓPfonf tmo0u©,ÓPf rnf\[k
wdusrSefuefaom teufudk od&m\/
tmo0geH c,ÓPm,mwd t&[wår*¾ÓPw¬m,? t&[wåra*¾g [d
tmo0g0demoeawm tmo0geH ca,mwd 0kpöwd? wMwapwH ÓPH? wyÜ&d,m yEéwåmwd
(r? |? 1? 131/ 0d? |? 1? 136)/
xdktmo0u©,ÓPfudk &&ef usifhMuH êud;ukef tm;xkwfawmfrlcJhyHkESifh xkdÓPfudk &awmfrlyHkudkvnf;
atmufygtwdkif; bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlcJhayonf/
aom {0H orm[daw pdawå/y/ tmo0geH c,ÓP, pdwåH tbdedEémaroð/ aom ]]£'H
'ku©}}EÅd ,xmblwH tAÇnmoð/y/ t,H acg ar jA[®P wwd,mbdedAÁd'g ta[mod
ukuúK#pämyuaó0 t@aumorSm (0d? 1? 6)/
jrefrmjyef
þokdU wnfMunfaom pdwfonf pifMu,fvwfaom jzLpifvwfaomf npfaMu;r½Sdvwfaom
npfñl;jcif; uif;vwfaomf El;nHhvwfaomf ûyjcif;iSm toifhjzpfvwfaomf wnfwHhvwfaomf
rwkefvIyfjcif;odkY a&mufvwfaomf xdkigonf tmoa0gw&m;wkdUudk ukefapwwfaom
tmo0u©,ÓPftvdkUiSm pdwfudk a½S;½I nGwfapcJhjyD/
igonf þum; qif;&J'ku©[k [kwfrSefaom twdkif; odcJhjyD? þum; qif;&J jzpfay:jcif;\
taMumif; 'ku©ork',[k [kwfrSefaom twdkif; odcJhjyD? þum; qif;&JcsKyf&m (edAÁmef) eda&m"[k
[kwfrSefaom twdkif; odcJhjyD? þum; qif;&JcsKyf&m (edAÁmef) okdU a&mufaMumif; usifhpOf
'ku©eda&m"*grdedy#dy'g-[k [kwfrSefaom twdkif;odcJhjyD? þonfum; ,dkpD;rI tmo0wkdU[k
[kwfrSefaomtwdkif; odcJhjyD? þonfum; ,dkpD;rItmo0wkdUcsKyf&m (edAÁmef) tmo0eda&m"- [k
[kwfrSefaomtwdkif;odcJhjyD? þum; ,dkpD;rItmo0wkdUcsKyf&m (edAÁmef) odkUa&mufaMumif; usifhpOf
tmo0eDa&m"*grdedy#dy'g[k [kwfrSefaom twdkif;odcJhjyD? þokdU odjrifaom xdkig (bk&m;)\ pdwfonf
umrmo0rSvnf; vGwfajrmufcJhjyD? b0go0rSvnf; vGwfajrmufcJhjyD? t0dZÆmo0rSvnf; vGwfajrmufcJhjyD?
vGwfajrmufjyD;vwfaomf vGwfajrmufcJhavjyD[k todÓPfjzpfay:\/ y#doaEäerIukefjyD? jrwfaom
tusifhudk usifhoHk;jyD;jyD? (r*f) udpu
ö dk ûyjyD;jyD? þr*fudpötvdkUiSm wpfyg;aom ûyzG,f r½SdjyD[k odcJhjyD/
ykPÖm; igonf rdk;aomuf ypädr,mrfü þwwd,ajrmufjzpfaom todÓPf0dZÆmukd&cJhjyD?
rarhravsmh jyif;pGmtm;xkwfvsuf (edAÁmefokdU) apvTwftyfaom pdwf½Sdonfjzpfí aeaomoltm; rodrI
t0dZÆmaysmufí todÓPf 0dZÆm jzpfay:ouJhokdU ightm; rodrI t0dZÆmaysmufí todÓPf 0dZÆm jzpfay:cJhjyD?
trdkufarSmifaysmufí tvif;a&mif jzpfay:cJhjyD/

tpodkU
ykPÖm; þonfum; Muufi,fonf OcGHwGif;rS azmufcGJxGufay:vmouJhokdU (t0dZÆmOcGH)rS ig\

wwd,ajrmuf azmufcGJxGufay:vmjcif;jzpf\/
þum; bk&m;½Sif tmo0u©,ÓPf&&ef usifhMuH êud;ukwf tm;xkwfawmfrlcJhyHkESifh xkdÓPfudk
&awmfrlcJhyHkukd a0&ÍÆykPÖm;MuD;tm; udk,fawmfwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom a½TEIwfawmfxGuf
pum;awmfaywnf;/
þokdUvQif bk&m;½Sif\ ykaAÁed0go? 'dAÁpu©K? tmo0u©, [laom 0dZÆmoHk;yg;ÓPfawmfrsm;\
teuft"dyÜm,frSefudk ygVdawmf t|uxmwkdUü usepGm a[mMum;zGifhqdkxm;csufrsm; ½Sdygvsuf tbd"r®m
q&mpdefqdkol\ trSefw&m; okawoe trSwf(1) pmapmifü a&;om;csufrsm;onf bk&m;w&m;ESifh rsm;pGm
qefUusifaejcif;aMumifh t"r®0g'om jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) A - trSwfjy pum;&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

23/ (A) twåudvrxmEka,m*- twå [laom yk'f\ o½kyfum; 0dnmPfpdwfjzpf\?
udvrx\ t"dyÜm,fum; csKyfcs,fxm;jcif;udk qkd\/ tEka,m*yk'f\ oabmoGm;um; bm0emur®|mef;
wpfckckudk tpOftm;jzifh tm;xkwfusifhMuHaerIudk qkd\/ (trSefw&m; okawoe trSwf 6)
þpum;&yf\ yd@w¬um; ]]0dÓPfpdwfudk csKyfcs,fí bm0emur®|mef;wpfckckudk tpOftm;jzifh
tm;xkwfusifhMuHaerIonf twåudvrxmEka,m*jzpfonf}} [k qkdvdk&if;jzpfonf? þpum;&yfukd
usrf;*efESifh nDrnD pdppfonf½Sdaomf twåudvrxmEka,m* [laom ygXfü twåo'´gonf
(u) twåok'aEÅmyk&doóaZmwD (oH? 1? 171) paom ygXfü ]]pdwf}} [laomteuf?
(c) twåmeH 0'dwGm a&m'wd (0d? 2? 364) paom ygXfü ]]ukd,f}} [laomteuf?
(*) twå'Dyg bdu©a0 0d[&x (oH? 2? 35) paom ygXfü ]]avmuDavmukwå&m w&m; }}
teuf?
(C) rpäwåed,wm "r®m (tbd? 1? 3) paomygXfü ]]oabm}} [laom teuf?
(i) twåem 0g twåeH or®EédwAÁH (0d? 3? 131) paom ygXfü ]]rdrd? rdrdukd,f}} [laomteuf?
(p) twåH y[m, tEkyg'd,maem (ck? 1? 404) paom ygXfü ]]twå'd|d}} [laom teuf?
(q) ½lyH twåawm orEkyówd (tbd? 2? 389) paom ygXfü ]]wdw¬dwdkUonf MuHqtyfaom
twå}} [laom teufudka[m\/
þ ]]twåudvrxmEka,m*}}[laomygXfüygaom twå-o'´gonfum; ]]rdrd? rdrdukd,f}}
[laomteufudka[monf? trSefw&m;okawoeorm;wkdU jyqkdtyfaom 0dnmPfpdwf[laom
teufudkra[m? xkdUaMumifh twåukd ]]o&D&}} [k t|uxmq&mwkdU zGifhjyawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
udvrx o'´gonf ]]yifyef;qif;&Jjcif;? yifyef;qif;&Japaomtusifh}} [laomteufudka[monf?

tbd"r®mq&mpdef jyqdkouJhokdU csKyfcs,fjcif; [laomteufudkra[m? 0dok'¨dr*f r[m#Dum 'kwd,tkyfü-
teoeauovkÍöem'dwyp&d,m,? e*¾oDv a*goDv ukuúK&oDvm'D[d p
twåy&dwmyaee armau©m a[mwDwd twåudvraxm (0dok'¨D?#D?2?218)-
[k zGifhjyxm;ayonf/
]]tEka,m*}} o'´gonf tzefzeftm;xkwfjcif;[laom teufudka[m\/ rdrdukd,fukd
yifyef;qif;&Japwwfaomtusifhudk tzefzeftm;xkwfjcif;onf ]]twåudvrxmEka,m*}} rnf\[k
odrSwf&m\? tbd"r®mq&mpdefwkdU jyqdktyfaom ]]bm0emur®|mef;wpfckckudk tpOftm;jzifh
tm;xkwfusifhMuHaerI}} [laomteufum; ax&0g' yd#uwfwkdUürygr½Sdaom teufomjzpf\/
]]twåudvrxmEka,m*}} [laom yk'fudk ax&0g'yd#uwfwkdUü þokdY zGifhqkdxm;onfudk
awGU&Sd&\/
twåudvrxmEka,ma*gwd twåaem udvrxmEka,ma*g? o&D& 'ku©u&PEÅwd
(oH?|?3?145)/
twåudvrxmEka,m*- [lonf rdrdukd,fudk yifyef;qif;&Japwwfaom tusifhukd
tzefzeftm;xkwfjcif;wnf;? ukd,f\qif;&JrIudk ûyjcif;wnf;/
twåudvrxmEka,ma*gwd twåaem udvrxó u@uao,sm'd 'ku©ó
tEka,ma*g (0drwd?2?90)/
twåudvrxmEka,m*- [lonf rdrdukd,f\ qif;&Jjcif;udk ql;ay:ü tdyfjcif; paom qif;&Judk
tzefzef tm;xkwfjcif;wnf;/
jyqdktyfcJhaom yd#uwfusrf;*efwkdUudk axmufí ]]tpmiwfcHjcif;? qHyifukdEkwfjcif;?
t0wfr0wfjcif;? eGm; acG; ponfwkdU\ tavhtusifhudk usifhjcif;? ql;ay:ütdyfjcif;? a½SUaemuf0J,m rD;yHk
rsm;xm;í aeylESifh wuG yÍömwyac: tylig;rsdK;jzifh ukd,fukd n§Of;qJjcif;paom cE¨mukd,fukd
yifyef;qif;&Japwwfaom tusifhudk tzefzeftm;xkwfjcif;onf twåudvrxmEka,m*rnf\}} [laom
teufonfom rSefuefaom teufjzpf\/
0dnmPfpdwfudk csKyfcs,fxm;í bm0emur®|mef; wpfckckudk tpOftm;xkwfusifhMuHaejcif;onf
twåudvrxmEka,m*jzpfonf[laom trSefw&m; okawoepmapmifvm pum;&yfonfum; rSm;,Gif;aom
pum;&yfomjzpfonf/
pdwfudk apmifhxdef; odrf;qnf; csKyfwnf;í bm0emur®|mef; êud;yrf;tm;xkwf&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mawmfrlaom a'oemawmfwkdU rsm;pGm &Sdayonf? tenf;i,f xkwfjyOD;tHh/
'kEéd*¾[ó v[kaem? ,w¬ umredygwdaem?
pdwåó 'raxm om"k? pdwåH 'EÅH okcg0[H (ck? 1? 18)/

tpodkU
ESdrfESif;&ef cJ,Of;í vsifjrefaom oabm½Sdaom tvdk½Sd&m tm½Hküusavh½Sdaom pdwfudk

qHk;rjcif;onf aumif;\? (qHk;rjyD;í) ,Ofaus;aom pdwfonf csrf;omukd ½Gufaqmifwwf\ (ck? jref? 1?
18)/
þa'oemawmfjzifh pdwf½dkif;ukd orx0dyóemjzifh odrf;qnf;qHk;ray;jcif;onf
aumif;aomtusifhjzpfyHk? ,if;odkU qHk;rí ,Ofaus;aompdwfonf r*fzkdvfedAÁmefcsrf;omudk aqmifEdkifyHkudk
odapawmfrlonf/
ok'k'óH okedykPH? ,w¬ umredygwdeH/
pdwåH &au©x ar"m0D? pdwåH *kwåH okcg0[H (ck?1?18)/
tvGefUtvGef jrifEdkifcJaom tvGefUtvGef odrfarGUaom tvdk½Sd&m tm½Hkü usavh½Sdaom pdwfudk
ynm½Sdonf apmifha½Smuf&m\? apmifha½Smufxm;tyfaom pdwfonf csrf;omudk ½Gufaqmifwwf\ (ck? jref?
1? 18)/
þa'oemjzifhvnf; a½S;enf;twlyif odapawmfrlonf? þ*gxmü apmifha½Smuf&rnf
qkdonfrSmvnf; orx0dyóem bm0emur®|mef; pD;jzef;tm;xkwfjcif;jzifh apmifha½Smuf&rnf[k qkdvdkonf/
'l&*FrH {upm&H? to&D&H *k[mo,H/
a, pdwåH oH,aróEÅd? armu©EÅd rm&AEëm (ck? 1?18)/
ta0;okdUoGm;wwfaom wpfOD;wnf; usufpm;aom ukd,ftaumiftxnfr½Sdaom ([',0w¬K)
vdkPf*lü rSDaompdwfukd tMuifolwkdUonf apmifhpnf; (csKyfwnf;)Muukef\/ (xdkolwkdUonf)
rm&ftaESmiftzJGUrS vGwfMuukefvwHh (ck? jref? 1? 18)/
þa'oemjzifhvnf; a½S;enf;twl pdwfudk apmifhpnf;csKyfwnf;&ef a[mawmfrlonf?
orx0dyóem bm0emur®|mef; pD;jzef;rIjzifh tm;xkwf apmifhpnf; csKyfwnf;&rnf[krSwf/ þ*gxmü -
'l&*FrH- [lonf = ta0;üwnfaom tm½Hkudk vSrf;í tm½HkûyEdkifonfukd qdkonf/
{upm&H -[lonf = pdwf 2-ck? 3-ck wpfûydifeuf rjzpf? wpfckcsKyfjyD;rS wpfckjzpfonfudk qkdonf/
*k[mo,H - [lonf = twåaumifuJhokdU tjrJudef;0yfaeonfukd rqkdvdk? [',½kyfudkrSDí
jzpfonfudk &nf½G,fqkdonf/
þokdU bk&m;½Sif tvdkawmfudk rodygbJ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwkdUu þ*gxmudk
jA[®Pa[mjzpfav[ef vkyfMuHpGyfpGJjcif;onfum; omoemawmfudk zsufqD;vdkaom &nf½G,fcsufrSwpfyg;
tjcm; rjzpfEdkif&m[k q&mawmfrsm; ,lqawmfrlMuonf/
xkdrSwpfyg; r[mowdy|meokwfüvnf; ]]o&m*pdwåH o&m*pdwåEÅd yZmemwd}} paom
pdwåmEkyóem a'oemawmfjzifh pdwfudk ½IrSwf&ef a[mawmfrlcJhavonf? ,if;okdU
bk&m½Sifukd,fawmfjrwfonf txyfxyf tcgcgMuD;rm;aom r[mu½kPmawmfjzifh pdwfudk
apmifhpnf;csKyfwnf;qHk;raMumif;jzpfaom bm0emur®|mef; enf;vrf;aumif; a'oemtusifh y#dy'gudk

tpodkU
a[mxm;awmfrlygvsuf ]]0dnmPfpdwfudk csKyfcs,fí bm0em ur®|mef;wpfckckudk tpOftm;jzifh

tm;xkwfaejcif;onf twåudvrxmEka,m*jzpfonf}} [k a&;om;xkwfa0aom
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;\ 0g'onf jyqdkcJhjyD;aom y&d,wåd a'oemawmfrsm;udk
twåudvrxmEka,m*vrf;pOf[k pGyfpGJ zsufqD;&ma&mufonf/ bm0emur®|mef; êud;yrf;tm;xkwfMuaom
Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifrsm;\ usifhMuHyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfrI y#dywfudkvnf; wm;jrpfydwfyif&ma&mufonf
xkdokdU y&d,wf y#dywfwkdUudk zsufqD;ydwfyifjcif;aMumifh &oifh&xkdufaom r*fzkdvfedAÁmefwnf;[laom
y#da"0 omoemawmfudkvnf; wm;jrpfzsufqD;&ma&mufonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
trSwfpOf (15) b-trSwfjy apm'emcsufudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

24/ (b) ewf - ewfqdkonfh ygVdpum;rSm jrefrmvdk pnf;pdrf cHpm;jcif;ukdac:onf?
þcE¨mukd,ftwGif;rSm½Sdaom pu©K aomw Cme Zd0Sm um, re - þ 6-ckwkdUjzifh cHpm;rIûyjcif;udkyif
pnf;pdrfcHpm;rI ewfajcmufbHk[k ac:qkd&jcif;jzpfaMumif;? Ak'ä[mygVdrsm;ukd cE¨menf;vufawGUenf;wkdUjzifh
aygif;pyf½SmazGygu rdrdwkdUcE¨mtwGif;&Sd þajcmufckukdyif ewfajcmufbHkjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;pGm
awGU&ygonf/ (ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ pmrsufESm 21)
þpum;&yfudk xkwfjyí xkda&;om;csufrSm usrf;*efvmr[kwfyg? ]]emx}}ygVdrS ewf-[laom
jrefrma0g[m& &onf[k a0g[m&aA'ynm½SifwkdUu qkdygonf/ ]]'dAÁ}} [laomygVdonf
umr*kPfig;yg;jzifh xGef;yjcif;[k t"dyÜm,f&Sdygonf/ ewfwkdUonf 'ge½Sif oDv½Sifjzpfí
csrf;ompGmae&onfudk &nfñTef;ygonf[k omrntm;jzifhvnf;aumif; 0daootm;jzifhvnf;aumif;
apm'emwifoGif;Muonf/
,if;pum;&yfrsm;ü aumufEkwfcsufudk xkwfvdkufaomf pk'dwu\ pum;&yfü -
(1) ewfqdkonfh pum;onf ygVdpum;jzpfonf/
(2) jrefrmvdk pnf;pdrfcHpm;jcif;udk ac:onf/
(3) Ak'ä[mygVdrsm;udk cE¨menf; vufawGUenf;wkdUjzifh aygif;pyf&SmazGygu
þcE¨mukd,ftwGif;rSm&Sdaom pu©K? aomw? Cme zd0Sm um, re 6-ckwkdYjzifh cHpm;rIûyjcif;udkyif ewf 6-
bHkjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;pGmawGU&onf[k aumufEkwfcsuf 3-csuf&onf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ apm'empum;&yfü-
(1) pk'dwuwkdU a&;om;csufonf usrf;*efvmr[kwf?
(2) ]]emx}} [laomygVdrS ]]ewf}} [laom jrefrma0g[m& &onf[k a0g[m&aA'
ynm½SifwkdUu qkdMuonf/
(3) ]]'dAÁ}} [laomygVdonf ]]umr*kPfig;yg;wkdUjzifh xGef;yjcif;}} [k t"dyÜm,f&Sdonf/

tpodkU
(4) ewfwdkUonf 'ge½Sif oDv½Sifrsm;jzpfMuí csrf;ompGmaeMu&onfudk &nfñTef;onf[k

aumufEkwfcsuf 4-csuf&onf/
pk'dwuwkdU\ pum;&yfrsm; aumufEkwfcsufudk pdppfcsuf

,if;aumufEkwfcsufwkdUwGif ]]ewf}} [laom pum;onf ygVdpum;r[kwf? jrefrmpum;vHk;
oufoufjzpfaMumif; uav;oli,futp tm;vHk;odjyD;jzpfjcif;aMumihf ]]ewfqdkonfh ygVdpum;rSm}} [laom
pk'dwuwkdU\ (1)trSwfjy pum;&yfonf trSm;oufoufomjzpfonf/
25/ ]]jrefrmvdk pnf;pdrfcHpm;jcif;udkac:onf}} [laompum;&yfonfum; ]]'dAÁEÅd vVEÅd a'0g}}
umr*kPfponfwkdUjzifh upm;aysmfjrL;wwfukefaomaMumifh ]]a'0}} ewfrnfukef\[k 'd0k"mwf\
upm;aysmfjrL;jcif; ]]uDVm}} teufudk &nf½G,fíqdkjcif;aMumifh (o'´w¬) o'´geuftm;jzifhrSefaomfvnf;
,if;pum;&yfonf (4)trSwfjy pum;&yf\ tajccHjzpfí (4) trSwfjypum;&yfESifh qufpyfvsuf =
yd@w¬taygif;teufudk,l&rnfjzpfjcif;aMumifh yd@w¬ = taygif;teuftm;jzifh rSm;,Gif;aompum;
yifjzpfonf/
þcE¨mukd,ftwGif;rSm½Sdaom pu©K aomw Cme Zd0Sm um, re þ(6)ckwkdYjzifh cHpm;rIûyjcif;udk
pnf;pdrfcHpm;rI ewfajcmufbHk[k eDww¬ = wdkuf½dkuf,l&aom teuftm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? ae,sw¬=
aqmifíod&aom (0g) cE¨menf; vufawGUenf;wkdUjzifh aygif;pyf½SmazGí od&aom
teuftm;jzifhvnf;aumif; a[mazmfñTefjyxm;aom ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dumvm pum; r&Sdacs/
yd#uusrf;*efü jyqdktyfaom ewf

26/ ]]a'0}} ewf[lonf -
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ac:qdkorkwfxm;jcif;wkdUaMumifh) rif;? rif;om; rif;orD;ESifh rdzk&m;rsm;udk or®Kwdewf[k
ac:qdkonf/
a'0gwd wa,m a'0g or®Kwda'0g Oyywåda'0g 0dok'¨da'0g/ uwar or®Kwda'0g/
or®Kwda'0g 0kpöEÅdmZmaem p &mZukrm&m p a'0da,m p? £ar 0kpöEÅdr®Kwda'0g (ck?*? 225)/
(c) pmwkr[m&mZf? wm0wðom? ,mrm? wkodwm? edr®me&wd? y&edr®dw0o0wåD [laom
ewfjynfajcmufxyf ESifh jA[®yg&doZÆm paom 20-aom jA[®mbHkwdkU jzpfukefaom

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txift&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh) Oyywådewf[k ac:qdkonf/
uwar Oyywåda'0g/ Oyywåda'0g 0kpöEÅd pmwkr[m&mZdum a'0g/ jA[®um,dum a'0g/
a, p a'0g w'kwå&d? £ar 0kpöEÅd Oyywåda'0g (ck?*? 225)/
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pifMu,fjcif;aMumifh) 0dok'¨dewf[k ac:qkdonf/
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cDPmo0g? a, p yapöuAk'¨g?? £ar 0kpöEÅd 0dok'¨da'0g (plVeda'ó? 225)/
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q&mawmfrsm; ,lqawmfrlMuonf/
apm'u yk*¾dKvfwkdU\ (1) tcsuf pum;&yfudk pdppfcsuf

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pum;&yfjzpfonf/
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uawm pwm rEkówåm? o*¾H *päEÅd 'g,um/
aw p o*¾*wm ww¬? arm'EÅd umrumrdaem/
0dyguH oH0dbmuó? tEkabmEÅd trpä&m (ck?1?208)/
vlrsm;pGmtm; xrif;udkvnf;aumif; jrwfaom tvªcHyk*¾dKvfwdkUü jrwfaomtvªudkvnf;aumif;
ay;vªaomaMumifh tvª'g,umwkdUonf þvltjzpfrS pkawonf&Sdaomf ewfjynfokdU
vm;a&mufMu&ukef\/
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cHpm;Mu&ukef\ (ck?jref?1?191)/
oDvH &au©,s ar"m0D? yw¦,maem wa,mokac/
yoHoH 0dwåvmbOö? ypö oa*¾ yarm'eH (ck?1?241)/
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apmifha½Smuf&m\ (ck?jref?1?225)/
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jyqdkxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
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cHae&jcif;/
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(0) r[ma&m½k0= xírEdkif xdkifír& b,fvdkae&rSef;rod jzpf&onftxd
ylyifavmifuRrf;rI'Pfudk cHae&jcif;/
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([) r[mwmyEé= tvGefjyif;xefpGmjzifh toHrxGufEkdifawmhbJ owdyifr&
arharsmMu&onftxd ylavmifrI'Pfukd cH&jcif;/
(V) t0Dpd = wpfcsufuav;rQ arhaysmufí r&Edkifavmufatmifyif at;uGufpyfMum; r½SdbJ
ylavmifae&jcif;wnf;[laom
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uscHae&olrsm;[k usrf;*efü jyqdkrIûyjcif;jzpfonf/ (ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ 24? 25)
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vnf;aumif; apm'u q&mawmfrsm;u wifjy apm'emMuonf/
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0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU ,lqawmfrlMuonf/
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pmwrf;jzpfonf[k yg&Sdonf/
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y'k|apwemjzifhom avhvmMunhf½Irdjcif;aMumifhom þokdU rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqrd&Smonf/
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cE¨mudk,fysufpD;íaojyD;onfhaemufü wm0wðomewfjynf0,f tuREkfyfwkdU\ om;jzpfvmyg\}} [k
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oHk;oyfcsuf
a&arSmf a&n§d ponfwkdUüjzpfaom owå0gonf oHao'Zomjzpfonf? ZvmAkZr[kwf? (aemufü
xif½Sm;vwHh) pmwrf;½Sif (pk'dwu) onf ]Zvm}ukd jrifí a&jyifrSpí jzpfaom owå0g[k ,lq[ef&Sdonf?
trSefrSm ]Zvm} o'´gr[kwf ] ZvmAk} o'´gjzpfonf? ]]om;tdrf}} [laom teufudka[monf ]Z}o'´g ]jzpf}
[laom teufudk a[monf? trd\ om;tdrftwGif;ü y#doaE¨ wnfae jzpfyGm;Muaom vl? qif? jrif;?
EGm;? uRJ paom owå0grsm;udk ZvmAkZ- [k ac:qkd&onf/
30/ xkdpmwrf; pmrsufESm-15 Oyywf y#doaEüdk jy&mü-
]]þy#doaE¨rSm pdwf\ pGJvrf;&mjzifh ewf? jA[®m? i&J? wapä? o&Jobuf tp½Sdonfh ewfi&Jrsm;udk
jzpfaponf[k qkdMuonf? jzpfonfhtcgrSmvnf; wpfrdepf wpfcPtwGif;rSmyif þukd,fum,
yuwdtwdkif; jzpfMuonf[k qdkonf? y#doaE¨cef;\ tprS jycJhonfhtwdkif; pdwfy#doaE¨jzpfonf?
rdcif0rf;rSm wnf&aom y#doaE¨r[kwf? ½kyfy#doaE¨ r[kwfjcif;aMumifh ewfi&Jrsm; oufwrf;aphí
aoqHk;onfhtcg tavmif;&,fvkdUvnf; oD;jcm;r&Sd[k qdkonf? pdwfjzifh pGJí pdwfrSmjzpfaeaom
ewfi&Jrsm;[kyif t"dyÜm,fxGufaeonf? ½kyfemrf[lí wpfoD;wpfjcm;r&SdbJ þvlowå0g\ twGif;pdwfrSm
pGJrSDí jzpfaeaom ewfi&J wapärsm;om jzpfonf[k awGU&Sd&onf}} qdkxm;\/
þpum;&yf\ qdkvdk&if; yd@w¬um; ]]þb0rS pkawí aemufb0opfü Oyywf y#doaEäeaom
ewfjA[®mi&JponfwkdU trSefwu,fxif&Sm;½SdMuonfr[kwf? þvlUcE¨mukd,f yuwdtwdkif;
raoraysmufbJ pdwfxJrSmom wpfrdepf wpfcPtwGif; jzpfonf? pdwfqif;&JvQif i&Jusonf?
pdwfcsrf;omvQif ewfjynf a&mufonf? pdwfoufouf y#doaE¨jzpfonf? ½kyf? emrfoD;jcm;r½Sd}} [líjzpfonf?
þt"dyÜm,fonfvnf; xdkpmwrf; ESm 19-ü qdkxm;aom rvdkcsifonfh rawGUcsifonfh a'gopGJjzpfaeygu
y&da'0 rD; (11)yg; avmifuRrf;jcif;cH&aom i&Jb0okdU usaeonf[k ac:onf? vdkcsifESpfoufaom
avmbpGJjzifh jynfhpHkvsuf pdwftm½HkwGif umr*kPf cHpm;aeMuolwkdUudk ewfpnf;pdrf ewfb0udk
&aeMuonf[kac:onf}} [laom aemufpum;jzifh xif½Sm;\/

tpodkU
pk'dwu\ pum;&yfü (wpfrdepf wpfcPtwGif;) [laompum;onf y&rwåobm0ESifh

a0;uGmvSaom pum;jzpfonf? ypöKyÜefb00,f a½SUpdwfcsKyfjyD;aemuf tjcm;r&SdbJ aemufpdwfjzpfouJhokdU
xkdUtwl b0a[mif;rS pkwdpdwfcsKyfjyD;aemuf tjcm;r½SdbJ b0opfü y#doaE¨pdwfjzpfonf? pdwfjzpfjcif;
csKyfjcif;onf tvGefvsifjref&um; -
,m0Íöd'H bdu©a0 Oyrmyd e oku&m? ,m0 v[ky&d0wåHpdwåH (tH? 1? 9) [laom t*kFwåKd&f
ygVdawmfü a[mawmfrlonfhtwdkif; Oyrmjy&efyif rvG,fulacs/
xkdUaMumifh Oyywfy#doaEäejcif;onf wpfrdepf rqdkxm;bd wpfpuúefUrQyif rMumacs/
(þukd,fyuwdtwdkif;)[laom pum;onfvnf; yd#uwfür½Sd? rdrdvdk&m t"dyÜm,fudk qGJ,lí&atmif
wrifoufouf jznfhpGufxm;aom pum;omjzpfonf? (þukd,fyuwdtwdkif;) qdkonfrSm (b0a[mif;rS
pkawí b0opfü jzpfonfr[kwf? þ vlUb0cE¨mukd,f yuwdtwdkif; raoraysmufbJjzpfonf)[k
olqkdvdk&if;jzpfonf/
Oyywfy#doaEäeaom owå0gonf raoraysmufbJ þb0cE¨mukd,f yuwdtwdkif;jzpfonf
r[kwf? wpfae&mrS ckefvTm;í tjcm;wpfae&müusa&mufvmouJhokdU b0a[mif;rS pkawí b0opfü
cE¨mudk,ftxift&Sm; bGm;ueJ jzpfjcif;½Sdaom owå0gudk Moyygwdu-[k ac:qdkonf/
(pdwfy#doaE¨ jzpfonf? ½kyfemrf[lí oD;jcm;r&Sd) [laompum;onfvnf; tbd"r®m
a'oemawmfudk ykwfcwfxm;aom pum;omjzpfonf? Oyywfy#doaEüdk ½kyfemrfa&maom y#doaE¨?
½kyfoufouf y#doaE¨? emrfoufouf y#doaE¨ tm;jzifh oHk;yg; cJGjcm;í jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonfukd
0dbif;ygVdawmfü xif½Sm;pGm awGUjrifEdkifayonf? Odom½HkrQ tusOf;csHK;íjyOD;tHh -
]]jynhfpHkaom tm,we &SdMuonfh umrm0p&ewfç urÇmOD;üjzpfaom vlç Oyywfjzpfaom jydwåmç
Oyywfjzpfaom tol&mç Oyywfjzpfaom wd&pämefç i&Jom;wkdU\ y#doaE¨cPü pu©m,weç ½lyg,weç
aomwm,weç Cmem,weç *E¨m,weç Zd0Sm,weç &om,weç um,m,weç azm|AÁm,weç
rem,weç "r®m,we = þ (11)yg;aom tm,wewkdU xif½Sm;jzpfukef\}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mawmfrlonf/ (0dbif;ygVdawmf ESm-427)
þygVdawmfü a[mawmfrltyfaom umrowå0gwkdU\ Oyywf y#doaE¨ cPüjzpfaom
tm,we(11)yg;wkdUwGif rem,we wpfyg;om pdwfjzpfonf? "r®m,weum; apwodufemrfESifh
tmaygpaom ½kyfwkdYa&maESmaom rdóu tm,wejzpfonf? MuGif;aom tm,we (6)yg;wkdUum;
½kyfoufoufom jzpfMuonf/
xkdUjyif ½ly t½ly y#doaE¨ t&mü -
½ly t½ly"mwf\ y#doaE¨ü tonowfjA[®mwkdUukd csefxm;í cE¨m ig;yg;wkdU xif½Sm; jzpfukef\
(tbd? 2? 433)/
tonowfjA[®mwdkU\ y#doaE¨cPü ½lyu©E¨m[laom cE¨mwpfyg;xif½Sm;jzpf\ (tbd? 2? 434)/

tpodkU
t½ly"mwf\ y#doaE¨cPü a0'emu©E¨m? onmu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m =

þcE¨mav;yg;wkdU xif½Sm;jzpfukef\ (tbd? 2? 435)/
þokdU jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlonf/
þa'oemawmfjzifh umr ½ly Oyywfy#doaEönf ½kyfemrfa&maom rdóu y#doaE¨ jzpfonf?
tonowf Oyywfy#doaEönf ½kyfy#doaE¨ jzpfonf? t½ly Oyywfy#doaEönf emrfy#doaE¨
jzpfonf[k od&m\/
a,medav;yg; bk&m;a[m
31/ þt&mü a,medav;yg;udk ½Sif;vif;pGm odEdkifMu&ef bk&m;a[m a'oemudk tusOf;csHK;í
jyqdkOD;tHh-
]]om&dykwå&m a,medac:aom ZmwfwltrsdK;wkdUonf þ av;rsdK;wnf;? tb,fav;rsdK;wkdUenf;[lrl
Oüjzpfaom t@Za,med? om;tdrfüjzpfaom ZvmAkZa,med? tnd§ü(0g) pdkpGwf&mt&yfüjzpfaom
oHao'Za,med? ukd,fxif½Sm;jzpfay:aom Moyygwdua,medwkdUwnf;? OcGHukdazmufcGJí jzpfay:vmaom
owå0gudk t@Za,med-[k qdktyf\/ om;tdrfudk azmufcJGí jzpfay:vmaom owå0gudk ZvmAkZa,med-
[k qdktyf\/ ig;ykyftaumifykyf rka,mrkefUykyf wefpD;tdkif wefpD;ajrmif;wkdUü jzpfay:vmaom owå0gudk
oHao'Za,med-[kqdktyf\? ewfi&Jom;ESifh tcsdKU vltcsdKU 0dedygwdu tol&mukd Moyygwdua,med-[k
qdktyf\}} (r-1-105)? (OcGHjzpf&mXmetm;jzifh txl;ûytyf cGJjcm;tyfaom cE¨mwkdU\ udk,fhtkyfpkESifh
ukd,fjzpfaeyHk txl;udk a,med-[kac:onf) þokdU a,medav;yg;udk bk&m½Sifa[mawmfrlcJhonf/
xkdUaMumifh ]]Oyywfy#doaEönf pdwfy#doaE¨jzpfonf? ½kyfemrf[lí wpfoD;wpfjcm;r½SdbJ þ
vlowå0g\ twGif;pdwfrSm pGJrSDí jzpfaeaom ewfi&J wapärsm;omjzpfonf}} [laom t,lonf
jyqdkcJhjyD;aom bk&m;½Sif\ a'oemawmfrsm;ESifh qefUusifaom ('k*¾[dw*¾g[) raumif;ojzifh ,ltyfaom
t,lomjzpfonf? ]]twåem 'k*¾[dawe tarS ap0 tAÇmpdu©wd}} rdrdukd,fwdkif raumif;ojzifh ,ltyfaom
t,ljzifh igbk&m;wkdUudkvnf; pGyfpGJ\ [laom bk&m;½Sif\ pum;awmfESifh tnD a'ou bk&m;½Sifudkvnf;
pGyfpGJ&m a&mufonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
pmwrf; pmrsufESm 16-ü ]]usrf;*eftcsdKUu Oyywffy#doaE¨ rSm rjrif&aom y#doaE¨ rS rjrif&aom
ewf i&J wapärsm;udk oD;jcm;jzpfaponf[k qdkjcif;aMumifh Ak'¨bmom0if wpf&yfvHk;rSm oD;jcm;[k qdkonfh
pmwpfvHk;aMumifh ,aeUwdkif oabmuGJvGJvsuf wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; ½Sif;r&bJ jzpfaeMuonf?
vlawGomr[kwf &[ef;awmfrsm; tcsif;csif;yifvQif þOyywfy#doaE¨tay: taumuft,l
uGJvGJaeMu&onf}} [k jyqdkxm;jyef\/

tpodkU
oHk;oyfcsuf
ax&0g' yd#u0,f Oyywfy#doaEüdk jy&m pum;&yfü (oD;jcm;) [laom pum;vHk; tvQif;
ryg½Sdacs? OD;Ouú|ESifhol\ aemufvdkufrsm;rSwpfyg; Ak'¨bmom0if vl½Sif &[ef;tm;vHk;yif
Oyywfy#doaE¨tay:ü taumuft,l oabmuGJvGJrIvnf; tvQif;r½Sdacs? xkdUaMumifh ,cifpum;&yfonf
0d0g'g'du½kPf; jzpfay:atmif vIHUaqmfaom pum;&yfomjzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
pmwrf; pmrsufESm 18?19 ü ]]Oyywf\ oabmrSm y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemrSvmaom ]]Oyg'geypö,m
ba0g}} qkdonfh yk'fESihf twlwljzpfonfudk awGU½Sd&ygonf? y#dpöorkyÜg'frSmvnf; Oyg'gefaMumifh
b0jzpfonf? Oyg'gefpdwf\ pGJvrf;rIaMumifh csufjcif; wpfrdepftwGif; b0[k ac:onf/
þOyywfy#doaE¨rSmvnf; þtwkdif;yif pdwfpGJ&m b0- [k ac:jcif;aMumifh y#dpöorkyÜg'fvdk pdwfpGJ&m
b0jzpfaeí ½kyf[k wpfoD;wjcm;jzpfoGm;jcif; r½SdbJ þ½kyftwGif;rSmyif ½Sdaeaom emrfoufoufukd
ac:jcif;jzpfonf/ y/ Oyrm Zmwform;tjzpfudk pGJvrf;rI Oyg'fjzifh pGJuyfaeu Zmwform;b0ç
orD;wpfOD;tay:rSmvnf; wpfpHkwpfckaom taMumif;aMumifh ylyifpGJuyfaeaom Oyg'fjzpfaeygu orD;b0ç
om;q,fwef;atmifonfudk pGJuyfíaysmf½TifrIjzpfaeu om;b0ç rdef;raoonfESifh êuHawGU&í
ylyifpGJuyfaeu rdef;rb0ç vdkcsifaom tmPmwpfckudk &½Sdí aysmf½TifpGm pGJuyfaeu wefcdk;½Sdolb0 þokdU
tp&Sdojzifh vdkcsifpGJ rvdkcsifpGJ[laom avmbpGJ a'gopGJrsm; rdrdcE¨mtwGif; udef;atmif;aeonfudk (b0)
jzpfíaeonf[k ac:onf}} [k qdkxm;jyef\/
oHk;oyfcsuf
Oyywfy#doaEËSifh Oyg'geypö,m ba0g\ t&wkdUudk toD;toD; pdppfíjycJhjyD;jzpfonf?
þOyywf y#doaEËSifh Oyg'geypö,m ba0g[laom y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemrSm woD;wjcm;pDomjzpfí
tvQif;rwlay? y#doaE¨t&mESifh ypö,mum, y#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfwkdUum; -
opöH oawåm y#doE¨d? ypö,mum&ar0 p/
'k'óm pwka&m "r®m? a'aowkÍö ok'kuú&m (tbd? |? 2? 123)/
opömav;yg;? owårS qdwfokOf;aom ocFg&wkdUü owå- [laom a0g[m& ynwf? y#doaE¨?
y#dpöorkyÜg'f þav;&yfwkdUum; jrifvnf; jrifEdkifcJ\? a[mMum;jcif;iSmvnf; vGefpGm cJ,Of;vS\ [k
t"dywdynm½ifMuD;rsm; rdefUrSmxm;cJhaom cJav;yg; a'oemwGif yg0ifaom t&mrsm; jzpfMuayonf/
þokdU ok'k'ó twd*rÇD&jzpfaom y#doE¨duxmESifh y#dpöorkyÜg'f a'oemawmfrsm;udk q&menf;cH
oiftHMum;emjcif; tvsOf;r½SdbJ pk'dwuOD;a½Tjynfhonf rdrd\ y'k|pdwfxm;jzifh bk&m;½Sif
a'oemawmfrsm;ukd xdyg;ykwfcwfjcif;omjzpfí ,if;pum;&yfrsm;onf t"r®omjzpfonf[k
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
34/ pmwrf; pmrsufESm 20-ü ]]jA[®mqdkonfrSmvnf; þ Oyywfy#doaE¨jzihf jzpfaom

pdwftpGJukdyif ac:ygonf? jA[®pdk&fw&m; vufudkifxm;Muaom oufMuD;½G,f&ifhrsm;ESifh rdbwkdUudk
ac:Mujcif;jzpfonf/y/ oVm,we0*¾oH,kwf cEökwf pmrsufESm 396-ü Ak'ä[mxm;onfukd
awGU&ygonf/ t*kFwåd&f? pwkuúedygwf? jA[®okwfüvnf; þtwdkif;yif yg½Sdygonf}} [k jyqdkxm;\/
oHk;oyfcsuf
oVm,weoH,kwfü cEökwfr½Sd? pmrsufESm 396-üvnf; þpum;rsdK;r½Sd? t*kFwåd&f? pwkuúedygwf?
jA[®okwf ESm-396? wduedygwf ojA[®uokwf ESm-147?148 wkdUürdbwkdUudk jA[®m[k a[mawmfrlaom
a'oemawmfrsm;½Sdaomfvnf; xdka'oemawmfrsm;onf rkcsw¬ a'oemawmfrsm;r[kwf? rdbwkdUonf
jA[®mESifhwlaomaMumihf o'dolypm&tm;jzifh wifpm;ía[mawmfrltyfaom a'oemawmfrsm;omjzpfMuonf?
xkdUaMumifh t*kFwåd&f wduedygwf t|uxm ESm -99 ü ]]jA[®monf arwåmç u½kPmç rk'dwmç Oayu©m-
[laom bm0emav;yg;wdkUudk rpGefUouJhokdU þtwl rdbwkdUonfvnf; bm0emav;yg;wkdUudk rpGefUukef}}
[k Oyrmteufazmfjyvsuf zGifhawmfrlonf/
þokdU Oypm&w¬a'oemawmfudk rkcsw¬ ,líqdkxm;aom pmwrf;yg pum;&yfonf
bk&m;½Siftvdkawmfudk rod? twåaemrwdrQjzpfí rSm;,Gif;aompum;&yfomjzpfonf[k
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
35/ pmwrf;pmrsufESm 21-üvnf; ]]tmumo wpfcGifrS av,mOf 'Hk;ysH? û*d[fwkwkdUjzifh
ESHUpyfatmif oGm;vmaeMuygvsuf rnfonfhewfjynf jA[®mhjynfukdrQ rawGUjrif&aMumif;?
tmumoav[mjyifrSm avudk ½I&aom ouf&Sdowå0grsm; r½SdEdkifaMumif;? ewfjA[®mrsm;udk tmumookdU
qJGwifí a&;xm;jcif;rSm rSefuefaom pmrsm; r[kwfEkdifaMumif; odyÜHobm0omvQif rSefuefaom
t&mjzpfaMumif;}} jyqdkxm;\/
xkdUjyif pmrsufESm 26-üvnf; ]]þi&JMuD; 8-xyfrSm þurÇmajrjyifatmif aovmajrESifh
yHokajrwdkUtMum;wGif ½SdMuonf[k a&;xm;Muaom usrf;pmwkdUt& rSefrrSefudk rdrdwkdU\ cE¨mjzifh prf;oyfí
Munfh&efrSm rdrd\ ESmacgif; av½Iaygufukd wpfem&DcefU ydwfíxm;Munhfygu raeEdkifbJ aooGm;vdrhfrnfudk
awGUjcif;jzifh þurÇmajratmufwGif ouf½Sdowå0gwkdUrSm rnfonfhavudk ½IíaeEdkifMurnfenf;[k
vG,fulpGm oabmaygufEdkifygonf}} [k jyqdkxm;jy\/
oHk;oyfcsuf
av,mOfç 'Hk;ysHç û*d[fwkwkdUjzifh ESHUpyfatmif oGm;aeygvsuf ewfjynf jA[®mhjynfwkdUudk yuwd
rsufpdjzifh rjrif&jcif;aMumifh r&Sd[k qkdaom pum;onf tvQif;yif roifhaom pum;jzpf\? taMumif;um;
ewfjA[®mwkdU\ yuwdtqif;udk vlwkdU rHopu©Kjzifh jrif&ef rqdkxm;bd jA[®mwkdU\ yuwdtqif;udk

tpodkU
ewfwkdUu rjrifEdkif txuftxuf ewfwdkU\ yuwdtqif;udk atmufatmufewfwkdUu rjrifEdkif

Murf;wrf;aom twåabmudk zefqif;í jyrSom jrifEkdifaomaMumifhwnf; ('D? 2? 170)/
36/ ewf jA[®mwkdU\ yuwdtqif;udk vlwkdU\ rHopu©Kjzifh jrifEdkif&efrqdkxm;bd
tqifhtwef;uGmjcm;onhf ewfjA[®m tcsif;csif;yif rjrifEdkifyHkukd a[mjyaom uPÖuw¬v okwfawmfudk
tusOf;csHK;í jyqdkOD;tHh -
tcgwpfyg; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf O½knûrdU uPÖuw¬v orifawmü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlpOf
yaoe'Daumovrif;MuD;vnf; wpfpHkwpfckaomudpöjzifh a&mufvmcdkuf ]]t½Sifbk&m; ewfwkdU
&SdMuygovm;}} [k avQmuf\? rif;MuD; (pmwkr[m&mZfpaom ewfwdkU &Sdonf[k oifrodoavm)
tb,fhaMumifh þokdU ar;oenf;}} [k rdefUawmfrl&m ]]t½Sifbk&m; (ewfrsm;&SdMuonf[k odyg\)
xdkewfwkdUonf þvlUjynfokdU y#doaE¨ aevmMuygao;ovm;? raevmMuawmhjyDvm;}} [k
ar;avQmufavonf? ]]rif;MuD; apwodu 'ku©½SdaomewfwdkUonf þ vlUjynfodkU
y#doaEäevmEdkifukef\? apwodu 'ku©r½Sdaom ewfwkdUonf þvlUjynfokdU y#doaE¨raevmMuukef}} [k
rdefUawmfrlavonf? xdktcg 0d##Lb ppfolMuD;u ]]apwodu 'ku©½SdMuao;ojzifh þvlUjynfokdU y#doaE¨
aevmEkdifaom ewfwkdUu apwodu 'ku©r½SdMuojzifh þvlUjynfokdU y#doaE¨ raevmMuonfh ewfwkdUudk
ESifxkwfEdkifMuygovm;}} [k Mum;0ifí avQmuf\/ xkdtcg t½SiftmeE´mu ]]ppfolMuD;
yaoe'Daumovrif;MuD;onf wm0wðom ewfwdkUudk ESifxkwfEkdifygovm;}} [k jyefar;av&m ]]t½Sifbk&m;
yaoe'Daumovrif;MuD;onf wm0wðom ewfwdkUudk jrif½kHaomfrQ rjrifEkdifyg/ tb,frSmvQif
ESifxkwfEkdifygrnfenf;}} [k avQmufavonf/ ]]ppfolMuD; þtwlyif apwodu 'ku©½SdMuao;ojzifh
þvlUjynfokdU y#doaE¨ aevmEkdifaom ewfwkdUonf apwodu 'ku©r½SdMuojzifh þvlUjynfokdU y#doaE¨
raevmEdkifaom ewfwkdUudk jrif½kHaomfrQ rjrifEkdifMuukef/ tb,frSmvQif ESifxkwfEkdifygrnfenf;}} [k
ajzawmfrlonf/ y/ ]]t½Sifbk&m; jA[®mrsm; ½SdMuygovm;}} [k avQmufjyef\/ ]]rif;MuD; tb,fhaMumifh
þodkUar;oenf;}} [k rdefUawmfrl&m ]]t½Sifbk&m;? xkdjA[®mwdkUonf þvlUjynfokdY y#doaE¨
aevmMuygao;ovm;/ raevmMuawmhjyDvm;}} [k ar;avQmufavonf/ ]]rif;MuD; apwodu 'ku©½Sdaom
jA[®mwkdUonf þvlUjynfokdU y#doaE¨ aevmEkdifukef\/ apwodu'ku© r½Sdaom jA[®mwkdUonf
raevmEkdifukef}} [k rdefUawmfrlavonf/ (r? jref? 2? 335-337)
,if;t|uxm ESm-248 ü apwodu 'ku©r½SdMuonfh umrm0p& ewfwkdUudk apwodu
'ku©½SdMuonfh umrm0p& ewfwkdUu pu©K0dnmOfjzifhyif rjrifEkdifukef? ½lybHkürlum; Adrmefwpfckwnf;ü
twlae jA[®mrsm;udk pu©K0dnmOfjzifh jrifEdkifMu\/ xkdtAsmyZÑ jA[®mwkdU jriftyf rSwftyf xkd;xGif;í
odtyfaom vu©Pmudk jrifjcif;? rSwfjcif;? xdk;xGif;í odjcif;iSm rpGrf;Ekdifukef/ txuftxuf
jA[®mwdkUudkrl atmufatmuf jA[®mwkdUu pu©K0dnmOfjzifhyif rjrifEkdifukef}} [k zGifhjyonf/

tpodkU
þygVdawmf t|uxmwdkUudk axmufí ewfjA[®m tcsif;csif;aomfrS tqifhtwef; uGmjcif;aevQif

rjrifEdkifMuukefao;? vlwkdUonfum; ewfjA[®mwkdUudk tb,frSmvQif jrifEdkifMuvdrfhrnfenf;/ ('D? |? 2?
233)
37/ tumo av[mjyifESifh urÇmajrtwGif;ü touf&I&ef avr½Sdí ewfjA[®mESifh i&Jrsm;
r½SdEdkif? ewfjA[®mrsm;udk tmumoodkU qGJwifí a&;xm;jcif;rSm rSefuefaom pmrsm; r[kwfEkdif?
odyÜHobm0om rSefuefonf[laom taMumif;jycsufjzifh oAÁñkwÚmPfawmf\ t&mudk odyÜHynmjzifh
EdIif;,SOfwkdif;wm jcif;onfvnf; tvGefeufonfh r[mork'´&mudk jcif\EIwfoD;jzifh wkdif;wmouJhokdUom
jzpfacsonf/ oAÁñkbk&m;½Sifonf ,rkdufygVdawmfü -
0dem tómoyóm ao[d 0dwuú0dpm&meH OyÜg'u©aP awoH 0pDocFga&m OyÜZÆwd aem
p awoH um,ocFga&m OyÜZÆwd (tbd? 6? 6)-
[k a[mawmfrlonf/
t"dyÜm,fum; xGufouf 0ifoufwkdUrS uif;í 0dwuf0dpm&wkdU jzpfqJcPü xdkyk*¾dKvfwdkUtm;
0pDocFg&ac:aom 0dwuf0dpm&om jzpfqJ? um,ocFg&ac:aom xGufouf 0ifouf jzpfqJr[kwf[k
qkdvdkonf/
,rdkufrlv#Dum ESm-140 üvnf; ]]umrm0pm&merÜd [d *AÇ*wm 'DeH0dem tómoyómao[d
0dwuú0dpm&meH OyÜwåd tw¬d}} trd0rf;ü udef;atmif;ol paom umrm0p& owå0gwkdUtm;vnf;
xGufouf0ifoufwdkUESifh uif;í 0dwuf0dpm& jzpfjcif;½Sdonf}} [k zGifhjyawmfrl\/ ,rkduftEk#Dum ESm-193
ü-
]]tm'doa'é O'uedrk*¾0dondblwm o*F[dwm? e rwpwkw¬ZÑe ormyEé eda&m"
ormyEém}} (tEk #D 3? 193)
t"dyÜm,frSm *AÇ*wm 'DeH0,f tm'do'´gjzifh a&üudef;aom owå0gç awGa0rdef;arm arhajrmaeaom
owå0gwkdUudk oGif;,l&rnf/ aoaomolç pwkw¬psmef 0ifpm;olç eda&m" ormywf 0ifpm;olwkdUukd
(xGufouf 0ifouf uif;aomfvnf; 0dwuf0dpm& r½Sdjcif;aMumifh) oGif;r,l&[k qkdonf/
þygVdawmfESifh #DumwkdUudk axmufí xGufouf0ifouf uif;vsuf touf½SifaeolwkdUum; ½ly
t½lyjA[®mrsm;? trd0rf;ü udef;atmif;aom owå0g? pwkw¬psmef 0ifpm;aom umrowå0g? eda&m"
ormywf 0ifpm;aom tem*grf &[EÅm paomtm;jzihf rsm;pGm ½Sdayonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vGefpGm eufeJ odjrifEkdifcJaom jidrfoufrGefjrwf rMuHpnftyf? rMuHpnfEkdifaom
odrfarGUvSí ynm½SdolwkdUom odEkdifaom? oAÁñkwÚmPfawmfjrwfjzifh wyftyfxifxif odjrifawmf
rlonfhtwdkif; ewf jA[®m i&Jrsm;udk a[mMum;xm;cJhygvsuf ,if;oAÁñkwÚmPfawmfjrwfudk

tpodkU
odyÜHynmavmufrQ ouf0if,HkMunfrI r½SdolwkdUtwGuf a[mawmfrltyfaom r[moD[em'okwfvm

yOö*wduxmudk tusOf;csKyfrQ jyqkdOD;rnf/
]]om&dykwå&m vm;&m*wdwkdUonf i&JbHkç wd&dpämefbHkç jydwåmbHkç vlUbHkç ewfbHktm;jzifh
ig;yg;wdkUwnf;/ om&dykwå&m igonf i&JbHk/ y/ ewfbHkwkdUudk vnf;aumif;? xkdbHkwkdUodkU a&mufaMumif;
vrf;pOftusifhudk vnf;aumif; odawmfrl\/ edAÁmefESifh edAÁmef a&mufaMumif; vrf;pOftusifhudk
vnf;aumif; odawmfrl\/ y/ þyk*¾dKvfonf i&Ja&mufrnfh tusifhudk usifh\[k od\/ y/
i&JokdUa&mufum pifppf qif;&JvSpGm xufjrufMurf;wrf;onfh a0'emudk cHpm;ae&onfudk jrif&\/ y/
wd&dpämefbHkokdU a&mufrnfh tusifhudk usifh\[k od\/ y/ wd&dpämefbHkodkU a&mufum pifppf qif;&JvSpGm
xufjrufMurf;wrf;onfh a0'emudk cHpm;ae&onfudk jrif&\/ y/ jydwåmbHkokdU a&mufrnfh tusifhudk
usifh\[k od\/ y/ jydwåmbHkokdUa&mufum pifppf qif;&JvSpGm xufjrufMurf;wrf;onfh a0'emudk
cHpm;ae&onfudk jrif&\/ y/ vlUbHkü jzpfrnfh tusifhudk usifh\[k od\/ y/ vlUbHkü jzpfum
csrf;omrsm;onfh a0'em cHpm;ae&onfudk jrif&\/ y/ ewfbHkodkU a&mufrnfh tusifhudk usifh\[k od\/
y/ ewfbHkodkUa&mufum pifppfcsrf;omonfh okca0'em cHpm;ae&onfudk jrif&\/ y/ þyk*¾dKvfonf
t&[wåzdkvfodkU a&mufrnfh tusifhudk usifh\[k od\/ y/ t&[wåzdkvfodkUa&mufum pifppfcsrf;omonfh
okca0'em cHpm;ae&onfudk jrif&\/ y/ om&dykwå&m? þodkUjrifaom ighudk ]]&[ef;a*gwrtm; vlwkdU\
ukokdvfurÁyx w&m;xuf omvGefaom t&d,mjzpf&ef pGrf;Ekdifaom ÚmPftjrifxl; r½Sd/
&[ef;a*gwronf MuHpnf,lqvsuf pl;prf;avhvmum tvdkvdkxifjrifvmaom w&m;udk a[mMum;\}} [k
ajymqkdolonf xkdtajympdwfxm;udk ry,fvQif xdkt,ludk rpGefUvQif aqmif,lvmaom 0efxkyfukd
ypfcsvkdufouJhokdU i&Jü tcscH&vwåHU}}/ (r jref? 1? 113-118)
þodkU jrwfpGmbk&m;onf oAÁñkwÚmPfawmfjzifh udk,fawmfjrwf jrifonfhtwkdif;
a[mawmfrlcJhygvsuf rsufpdjzifh rjrif&jcif;? odyÜHobm0ESifh rudkufnDjcif; paomtaMumif;udkjyvsuf ewf
jA[®m i&JwdkUudk y,f½Sm; a&;om; a[majymaom pum;rsm;onf bk&m;½Sif oAÁñkw
ÚmPfawmfudkvnf;aumif;? a'oemawmfukdvnf;aumif; y,f½Sm;&m a&mufaomaMumifh t"r®0g'om
jzpfayonf/
38/ ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ pmrsufESm 21-22 wkdUü ]]Ak'¨vufxufawmf tcguvnf; þewf
jA[®mrsm;udk rnfolrQ rjrifEkdifMu? rawGUEkdifMuí Ak'ükdyif 0gao|? ayg|yg'? bm&'GmZ paom
ykPÖm;wkdUu ]]ewf jA[®m½Sdonfqdkjcif;rSm rSefygovm;}} [k ar;avQmufMu&m Ak'ü ]]oif ykPÖm;wkdU?
toifwkdU\ bkd;ab;rsm; ckepfqufavmufuawmh ewf jA[®mrsm;udk jrifzl;vkdufMuonf[k
ajymcJhzl;Muovm;}} [k jyefar;&m ]]rajymcJhMuzl;yg}} [k ykPÖm;wkdUu ajzqkdí Ak'ü ]]rjrifzl;ol\
ajympum;udk rjrif&olrsm;u ,HkMunfaeMujcif;rSm tuef;ajymonfhpum;udk tuef;u ,HkbdouJhokdUom
jzpfonf/ þ rjrif&aom ewf jA[®mrsm;udk taMumif;jyvsuf a[mMujcif;rSm vmbfvmbudk ½SmaeMuaom

tpodkU
orP jA[®P [dE´L0g'\ t,lom jzpfonf}} [k Oy&dyPÖmo yOöwå,okwf ESm-23 wGif Ak'ü
azmfjyxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf[k OD;a½Tjynfhu jyqkdxm;jyef\/
oHk;oyfcsuf
þpum;rsm;onf bk&m;a[m a'oemawmf rl&if;udk ysuf,Gif;apvsuf rdrdvdk&m t"dyÜm,fudkom
vkyfMuHazmfjyxm;aom pum;rsm; jzpfonf/ bk&m;a[m a'oemawmf rl&if;\ qkdvkd&if; t"dyÜm,fudk
oDvu©E¨0*f jrefrmjyef ESm 253-268 wkdUrS ,lí tusOf;rQ jyqdkOD;rnf/
tcgwpfyg; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;ig;&mESifhtwl aumovwdkif;ü a'opm&D vSnfhvnfawmf
rlvwfaomf reomu# ykPÖm;½GmodkU a&mufí ½Gm\ ajrmufzuf tpD&0wD jrpfurf;em;½Sd o&ufawmü
oDwif;oHk;awmfrlonf/ xkdpOftcg puØç wm½ku©ç aygu©&omwdpaom ykPÖm; olaX;rsm; xdk½Gmü
wnf;ckdaeMuonf/ xdktcg tanmif;ajy vrf;avQmufMupOf 0gao|ESifh bm&'GgZ vkvifwdkY
jA[®mhjynfa&mufaMumif; vrf;pOfESifh pyfí t,ltq rwlMuojzifh bk&m;½SifxH vma&mufum
aygu©&omwd ykPÖm;ç wm½ku© ykPÖm;wkdU a[mMum;aom jA[®mhjynfa&mufaMumif; vrf;pOfonf
ajzmifhwef;aomvrf; [kwfr[kwf ar;avQmufMuonf/ bk&m;½Sifu ]]aA'ifoHk;yHkaqmif ykPÖm;wkdUwGif
jA[®mudk jrifzl;aom ykPÖm; wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ½Sdoavm? aA'ifoHk;yHkaqmif ykPÖm;wkdU\ q&mç q&mY
q&m ckepfqufwkdifatmif jA[®mudk jrifzl;ol wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ½Sdoavm}} [k ar;awmfrlí r½Sdyg[k
ajzMu&m bk&m;½Sifu oluef;tpOftwef; Oyrm ponfwkdU jyvsuf ]]jA[®mtjzpfodkY a&mufEkdifzdkU
taMumif;r½Sd}} [k rdefUawmfrlojzifh ]]jA[®mjzpf&ef vrf;pOfudk a[mawmfrlyg}} [k 0gao|u
awmif;yefjcif;aMumifh jA[®mjzpf&ef vrf;pOfudk bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlonf/
xkdvrf;pOfudk tusOf;rQ jytHh/ trsKd;aumif;om;onf bk&m;½Sifomoemawmfü &[ef;ûyí
oDvtusifhç £ajEúdk apmifhpnf;rIç atmufarhrIç owdqifjcifrI orÜZOfç a&mifh&JrI oaEÅmo wkdUudk
jynfhpHkapum qdwfjidrf&m0,f xuf0,fzGJUacG xkdifaejyD;vQif udk,fudk ajzmifhpGmxm;í ur®|mef;odkU a½S;½I
owdudk jzpfapvsuf ae&m\/ xkd&[ef;tm; eD0&P uif;onfhtcg 0rf;ajrmufrIç ESpfodrfhrIç jidrf;at;rIç
csrf;omrIç wnfMunfrIwdkUudk &\/ xdk&[ef;onf arwåmpdwfjzifh t&yfq,frsufESmudk jzefUíaeaomf
(arwåmur®|mef;udk yGm;aomf) arwåmapawm 0drkwådpsmefudk &\/ þpsmefonf jA[®mjzpf&ef
vrf;pOfaywnf;/ u½kPmapawm 0drkwådç rk'dwmapawm 0drkwådç Oayu©mapawm 0drkwådpsmefwdkUonfvnf;
jA[®mjzpf&ef vrf;pOfrsm;yifwnf;/ pdwfudk tvdktwkdif; jzpfapEkdifaom xkd&[ef;onf cE¨mudk,fysufpD;í
aojyD;onfhaemufü pdwfukdtvdktwkdif; jzpfapEkdifaom jA[®m\ taygif;tazmfjzpf&ef taMumif;½Sd\[k
a[mawmfrlavonf/ þokwfjzifh jA[®m&Sd½kHru jA[®mjzpfaMumif; tusifhudkyif bk&m;½Sifa[mawmfrlonfudk
xif½Sm;pGm odMu&ayonf/

tpodkU
þrjrif&aom ewfjA[®mrsm;udk taMumif;ûyvsuf a[mMum;jcif;rS vmbfvmbudk ½SmaeMuaom

orP jA[®P [dE´L0g'\ t,lom jzpfonf}} [k Oy&dyPÖmo yOöwå,okwf ESm-23 wGif Ak'ü
azmfjyxm;onf[laom OD;a½Tjynfh qkdvdkonfh t"dyÜm,frsKd; xkdokwfwGif ryg r&Sdacs/ xdkokwfü ]]twåonf
onm½Sd\/ aoonfrS aemuf jrJ\}} pojzifh tem*wfudk MuHqpGJ,lrI ]]ty&EÅ uyÜdu}} t,l 44 rsKd;wkdUudk
a[mjyD;onf\ tqHk;ü ]]þodkU aemufb0ü jzpf&ukefawmhtHh/ þodkU aemufb0ü jzpf&ukefawmhtHh/}} [k
aemufü usifvnfjcif;udk jiduyfvsuf ajymqkdMuonfh orP jA[®PwkdUonf ]]þt&yfrS ighrSm
þrQavmufaom tjrwfaiG jzpfvdrhfrnf/ þukefjzifh þtjrwfaiGudk &vdrhfrnf}} [k MuHpnfpOf;pm;Muonfh
ukefonfrsm;ESifh wlonf[kom Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf a[mawmfrlayonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf i&JESifh ewfjA[®mrsm; ½Sdonfudkvnf;aumif;? xkdi&J ewfjA[®m tjzpfodkU
a&mufapwwfaom tusifhwkdYudkvnf;aumif; trSef½Sdonfhtwkdif;om a[mjyawmfrlonf/ i&JESifh ajcmufí
ewfjA[®mrsm;jzifh ajr§mufcJhonf r[kwf/ ewfjA[®m tjzpfudkvnf; csD;rGrf;tm;ay;awmfrlonf r[kwf/
bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkawmfrSm tEkyg'g y&dedAÁmef 0ifpHa&;yif jzpfonf/ bk&m;½SifvufxufawmfrS pí
,ckacwfwkdifatmif wynfhom0u &[ef;awmfwkdUonfvnf; OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\ aemufvkdufwkdU
pGyfpGJouJhokdU i&JESifh ajcmufí ewfjA[®mrsm;jzifh ajr§mufaeMuolrsm; r[kwf/ bk&m;½Sif
a[mawmfrlonfhtwkdif; t½Sdudk t½Sd[kom trSeftwkdif; a[mjyMuí y"me &nfñTef;csufrSm tEkyg'g
y&dedAÁmef pH0ifa&;yif jzpfonfudk Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwkdif; odMuayonf/ bk&m;½Sif wynfhom0u
&[ef;awmfrsm;onf ykAÁEÅuyÜdu t,l½SdMuolrsm; r[kwfMu&um; yOöwå,okwfü a[mawmfrlonfh
ukefonfESifhwlaom orP jA[®Prsm; r[kwfMuay/
xkdUaMumifh ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ pmwrf;yg pum;&yfrsm;onf rdrdwdkU\ rdpäm0g'udk jyvdkí
vnf;aumif;? a'oemawmftwdkif; a[majymaeMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;udk apmfum;ykwfcwfvdkí
vnf;aumif;? azmfjyyg a'oemawmfwkdUudk ,kwf,kwfrmrm zsufqD;aeaom t"r®pum;&yfrsm;om
jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwkdU oHk;oyfawmf rlMuonf/
39/ xkdpmwrf; pmrsufESm 23 ü ]]þewfjynf (6) xyfESifh ywfoufí Ak'ä[maom t"du
tcsufjzpfonfh (oVm,we 0*¾oH,kwf-cPokwf) pmrsufESm 334 wGif Munfhjyefyguvnf; qzó[k
awGUxdcHpm;rI (6) ckudkyif cHpm;rI ewfbHk (6) ck[k jyqkdxm;onfudk awGU&jyefayonf/ pu©Kç aomwç
Cmeç Zd0Smç um,ç re wkdUjzifh tqif;ç toHç teHUç t&omç tawGUç tawG;wdkU jzpfay:awGUxdwkdif;?
cHpm;rI ûyjcif;udk bHk (6) bHk? b0 (6) b0[k ac:onf[k vnf;aumif;? pmrsufESm 25 ü ]]Ak'üvnf;
i&JESifh ewfqkdonfrSm rdrdrvdkcsif? rMum;csif? rjrifcsif? rawGUcsifaom tysufrsm;ESifh awGUêuH&í ylaqG;rI?
ylyefrI jzpf&jcif;rsm;udk i&Jusonf/ rdrdvdkcsifrI? ESpfoufrIrsm;jzifh êuHawGU&í umr*kPf tm½kHrsm;jzifh
MuD;rm;pGm cHpm;&rIudk ewfpnf;pdrf ewfcsrf;omrsm;[k oVm,we 0*¾oH,kwf-cPokwf pmrsufESm 334
wGif a[mxm;jcif; awGU&ygonf}} [k vnf;aumif; OD;a½Tjynfhu jyqkdxm;ygonf/

tpodkU
oHk;oyfcsuf
cPokwfü ]]qzóm,wedu}} i&JESifh ]]qzóm,wedu}} ewfjynfwkdUudk a[mawmfrlonfum;
rSef\/ xkdokwfonfum; pk'dwu qkdaom t"dyÜm,foabmudk rjyay/ xkdokwf\ tusOf;csKyf t"dyÜm,fudk
azmfjyaythH/
&[ef;wkdU oifwkdUonf t&awmfMuukef\/ &[ef;wkdU oifwkdUonf aumif;pGm &tyfukef\/
oifwkdUonf tusifhjrwfudk usifhjcif;iSm tcGifhudk &tyfukef\/ &[ef;wkdU awGUxdrI\ wnf&m ]]zó,we}}
ajcmufrsKd;&Sdaom ]]qzóm,wedu}} i&JwkdUudk igbk&m; jrifawmfrl\/ xkdi&JwkdUü rsufpdjzifh
tqif;tm;vHk;udk Munfhaomf rvdkvm; rESpfouf rjrwfEdk;zG,faom oabmudkom jrif&\/ vdkvm;
ESpfouf jrwfEdk;zG,f oabmudk rjrif&/ em;jzifh toHtm;vHk;udk /y/ ESmacgif;jzifh teHUtm;vHk;udk /y/
vQmjzifh t&omtm;vHk;udk /y/ udk,fjzifh xdawGUzG,ftm;vHk;udk /y/ pdwfjzifh oabmw&m; tm;vHk;udk
odonf½Sdaomf rvdkvm; rESpfouf rjrwfEdk;zG,faom oabmudkom od&\/ vdkvm; ESpfouf jrwfEdk;zG,f
oabmudk rod&ay/ &[ef;wkdU awGUxdrI\ wnf&m ]]zó,we}} ajcmufrsKd;&Sdaom ]]qzóm,wedu}}
ewfjynfwkdUudk igbk&m; jrifawmfrl\/ xkdewfjynfwkdUü tqif;tm;vHk;udk Munfhvwfaomf vdkvm; ESpfouf
jrwfEdk;zG,faom oabmudkom jrif\/ rvdkvm; rESpfouf rjrwfEdk;zG,f oabmudk rjrif /y/ &[ef;wkdU
oifwkdUonf t&awmfMuay\ /y/ oifwkdUonf tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;zkdU&ef tcGifhta&;udk &cJhMuay\/
(oVm,we oH,kwf? jrefrmjyef-334)
þokwfü qzóm,wedu i&J[lonf t0Dpdpaom i&JMuD;wkdUrS oD;jcm;r[kwf t0Dpdpaom
i&JMuD; 31 rsKd;vHk;yif ajcmuf'Gg&jzifh ted|m½kHudk cHpm;&jcif;aMumifh qzóm,wedu rnfonfcsnf;om
jzpfonf/ i&JMuD; 31 rsKd;qkdonfrSm t0Dpdi&Jonf tAÁK'? ed&AÁK'? tAA? t##? t[[? ukrk'? aom*E¨du?
OyÜv? y@&du? y'kr[lí q,fyg;jym;\/ oOÆD0paom i&JMuD; 7 xyfwkdUü jzpfapwwfaom uH\ txuf?
tvwf? tEkHUtm;jzifh oHk;yg;jym;onf tm;avsmfpGm toufwrf; oHk;yg;jym;&um; wpfxyfvQif
oHk;yg;pDjym;í 20 jzpf\/ ESpf&yfaygif; 31 rsKd; jzpf\ (oH? #D? 1? 104) /umrm0p&
ewfjynftm;vHk;onfvnf; ajcmuf'Gg&wkdUjzifh £|m½kHudk cHpm;&jcif;aMumifh qzóm,wedu
rnfonfcsnf;yif jzpfonf/ (t0Dpdi&JESifh wm0wðom ewfjynfudk &nf½G,fí a[monf[k t|uxmü
zGifhjyxm;\/)
þokwfjzifh bk&m;½Sif jya[mrlvdk&if;um; i&JbHkü qif;&Jukdom cHpm;ae&jcif;aMumifh
r*fwnf;[laom tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;&ef rwwfEkdif ewfjynfüvnf; umr*kPfcsrf;om vGefpGmrsm;jym;í
aysmfyg;arhavsmh aejcif;aMumifh r*fwnf;[laom tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;zdkYta&; uGma0;vS\/
þvlUjynfonfum; i&Jvkdwpfcg? ewfjA[®mvdkwpfrsKd;? tqkd;taumif; aomif;ajymif;a&ma&m rsm;pGmaom
oHa0*0wåK? aygif;pkjynfhpHkae&um; r*fwnf;[laom tusifhjrwfudk usifhoHk;&ef {ueftcGifh&onfh ur®blrd

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rnfavonf/ oifwkdUrSm þvlUbHk vlUb0 &Mujcif;onf vGefpGm t&awmfayonf/ vlUb0udk t&awmfpGm

&vmonftcdkuf r*fwnf;[laom tusifhjrwfudk tm;xkwfêud;pm; yGm;rsm;Muavm [lí jzpfayonf/
(oVm,we 0*¾oH,kwf t|uxm-44/ ,if;#Dum-314)
þjyqkdcJhjyD;aom bk&m;½Sif\ tvkdawmfudk rSefuefpGm rodyJ xifrdxif&m ewfjA[®mESifh i&Jukd
vlUcE¨mxJrSmom a[monf[laom t,lonf bk&m;½Sif\ tvdkawmfESifh rsm;pGm qefUusifvSayonf/
½kyf0g' tjrifom jzpfayonf/
þodkU oHk;oyfjyqdktyfjyD;aom taMumif;wkdUaMumifh ewfESifhi&J b,frSmvJ pmwrf;ü
azmfjyxm;aom ewfjA[®m i&JESifh pyfaom t,l0g'onf bk&m;½Sif0g'r[kwf twåaemrwdrQjzifh
azmfjya&;om;tyfaom t"r®0g'om jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwdkU wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfawmf
rlMuonf/
41/ ewfjA[®mbHkESifh i&JwkdUum; yuwd rHopu©Kjzifh ½Ijrifaumif;aom t&mrsm; r[kwfukef/
tbdÓPf rsufpdjzifhom jrifaumif;aom t&mrsm;om jzpfMuonf/ xdktbdÓPfrsufpdudk
&aMumif;jzpfaom tusifhvrf;pOfudkvnf; bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlcJhayonf/ udk,fwkdifjrifvdkolwdkUonf
xkdtbdÓPfudk &½Sdatmif usifhMuHêud;ukwf tm;xkwfoifhMuayonf/ rdrdudk,fwkdif tbdÓPf&atmif
tm;rxkwfEkdifao;ygu ]]o,H tbdÓ opäduwGm ya0a'wd}} (udk,fwkdifxl;aom ÓPfjzifhodí
rsufarSmufûyum a[mMum;odapawmfrl\) [laom a'oemt& bk&m;½Sif\ oAÁñkw ÓPfawmfMuD;udk
,HkMunfaom tm;jzifhvnf; od&m\/ avmuü raumif;rI ûyolwkdU tjypfcHpm;&m axmifwef; ponfESihf
aumif;rIûyolwkdU cHpm;&m &mxl;XmeEÅ& ponf½SdouJhokdU wrvGefüvnf; raumif;rIûyolwkdU tjypfcH&m
aumif;rIûyolwkdU aumif;usKd;cHpm;&m Xmersm; {uef½Sd&rnf[k tEkrmeÓPfjzifh rSef;qí
,HkMunfMu&mukef\/
(edZÑmrwPSdu ac:aom rD;om;&JjydwåmESifh zkwfwapä ponfwdkUudk udk,fwkdif awGUzl;jrifzl;aom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;vnf; avmuü txift&Sm; ½SdMuukef\/ xdkrD;om;&JjydwåmESifh zkwfwapäwdkUum; jydwåmtrsKd;tpm;
jzpfukef\/ xdkjydwåmrsm;udk awGUjrif&jcif;uvnf; ewfjA[®mESifh i&JponfwkdUudk rSef;qodEkdifMuayonf/)
trSwfpOf (15) t? tm? £ trSwfjy apm'emudk pdppfcsuf

42/(t) t[dwf = 'Davmb a'go arm[udkrS rvkyf& raeEkdifygbl;qkdwJh trsKd;u t[dwftppfyJ/
(tm) 'Gd[dwf = 'Dw&m; igvkyfae&wm wu,fawmh oHo&m vnfwJh 0#fw&m;awG
igvkyfae&wmyguvm;vkdU ododMuD;eJU rvTJomvdkU vkyfae&&if 'Gd[dwf/
(£) wd[dwf = 'Davmb a'go arm[w&m;awG[m ightzdkUvJ tusKd;wu,fr&Sdbl;/
trsm;tzdkUvJ ighaMumifh pdwfqif;&J udk,fqif;&J jzpfukefMu&w,f/ 'gawG

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igrvkyfawmhygbl;vdkU qHk;jzwfwwf&if wd[dwfyJ/ (twGJ 1? trSwf 5? opöm"r® pmapmif

pmrsufESm-10)
þtcsufrsm;udk apm'uwkdUu xkwfjyí apm'emMuukefonf/ txufyg pk'dwuwkdU\
a&;om;csuf rSm;,Gif;yHkudk tenf;i,f pdppfjyOD;tHh/
xkdyk'fwkdUwGif (t) t[dwf[laom a0g[m&onf ]ta[wku} [laom ygVdrS qif;oufvmaom
ygVdouf jrefrma0g[m&jzpfonf/ t[dwf[lonf tavmb ta'go tarm[ [dwfr½Sdaom
Oayu©mo[*kwf oEÅD&P pdwfESpfckwnf;[laom y#doaEËSifh ZD0dwe0u uvmyf½kyfwnf;[laom
tonowf½kyf y#doaE¨wdkUudk t[dwfy#doaE¨ ac:onf/ xdk[dwfr½Sdaom Oayu©mo[*kwf oEÅD&P
y#doaE¨pdwfjzifh y#doaEäeaom tyg,fbHkom;ESifh tcsKdUvlewfrsm; tonowf jA[®mrsm;udk ]ta[wku}
t[dwfyk*¾dKvf ac:onf/
(tm) 'Gd[dwf[laom a0g[m&onf ]'Gda[wku} [laom ygVdrS qif;oufvmaom ygVdouf
jrefrma0g[m&jzpfonf/ 'Gd[dwf[lonf tavmb ta'go [dwfESpfyg;½Sdaom ÚmP0dyÜ,kwf umrm0p&
0dygufpdwf 4 yg;udk 'Gd[dwf y#doaE¨ ac:onf/ xkd[dwfESpfyg;½Sdaom ÚmP0dyÜ,kwf umrm0p&
0dygufpdwfjzifh y#doaEäeaom vlewfwkdUudk ]'Gda[wku} 'Gd[dwfyk*¾dKvf ac:onf/
(£) wd[dwf[laom a0g[m&onf ]wda[wku} [laom ygVdrS qif;oufvmaom ygVdouf
jrefrma0g[m&jzpfonf/ wd[dwf[lonf tavmb ta'go tarm[ [dwfoHk;yg;½Sdaom ÚmPorÜ,kwf
umrm0p& 0dygufpdwf 4 yg;? ½lyg0p& 0dygufpdwf 5 yg;? t½lyg0p& 0dygufpdwf 4 yg;? þ 13 yg;aom
y#doaE¨ pdwfrsm;udk wd[dwfy#doaEäc:onf/ xdk[dwfoHk;yg;½Sdaom y#doaE¨ 13 yg;wkdUwGif wpfyg;yg;jzifh
y#doaE¨ aeaom vl ewf jA[®m rsm;udk ]wda[wku} wd[dwfyk*¾dKvf ac:onf/
þonfvQif t[dwf? 'Gd[dwf? wd[dwf [laom a0g[m&wkdU\ t"dyÜm,ftrSefjzpfonf/ t-tm-£
trSwfjy opöm"r® pmapmifü azmfjyxm;aom pum;&yfrsm;um; pmayroifzl;olwdkU\ wm0efrJh xif&mjrif&m
a&;om;xm;aom pum;&yfrsm;om jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
(þ) oH qkdwm ½Sdwm? Cm qdkwm zdkr? tJ'D½SdwJh zdkrESpfa,mufudk oHCmvdkU ac:wm/ 'gaMumifh
]oHCH o&PH *wfcsmrd} = oH-½SdwJh? C-a,mufsm;rdef;r ESpfa,mufonf? o&PH-ajyvnfpGm vufwGJMuí?
*wfcsmrd? urÇmYc&D;udk oGm;aeMuavonf/ urÇmrSm½SdwJh a,mufsm;ESifh rdef;r zkdrESpfa,mufwkdU
ajyajyvnfvnf vufwGJjyD;awmh urÇmYc&D; oGm;aewmudk (oHCH o&PH *wfcsmrd) vdkUqkdw,f/
(15-4-76) aeU ajrmif;jrw&m;yGJü OD;0go0 a[majymcsuf wdwfacG (at) rsufESm
pum;&yfonfum; omoemawmfukd oufoufzsufqD; apmfum;aom pum;jzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;jyDjzpfí
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; txl;pdppfawmf rrlMuukef/

tpodkU
trSwfpOf (15) Oyg'ge[laom ygVda0g[m&ESifh pyfvsOf;í 0daoo apm'em aom"em ESpf&yfudk

oHk;oyfpdppfcsuf
14/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfrsm;u rlvyPÖmo ygVdawmf? or®m'd|dokwf? t|omvdeD t|uxm?
0dok'¨dr*f t|uxm? "r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifh wdyd#u ygVdjrefrm tbd"mefusrf;wkdUudk om"ujyí
Oyg'ge[laom ygVda0g[m&\ teuft"dyÜm,ftrSefudk azmfjyjyD;vQif ]]vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh
t"r®0g'Dorm; aemufvdkufrsm;pGmwkdUonf bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;ESifh qufpyfí ,HkMunfrI
rsm;pGmudk Oyg'gef[k tpGJ[kcsnf; tvGJvGJtrSm;rSm; t"dyÜm,fazmfoGm;Mujcif;rSm wpfckwnf;aom
&nf½G,fcsufrS jrpfzsm;cHvmjcif; jzpfygonf/ xkdwpfckwnf;aom &nf½G,fcsufrSm bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf
a0g[m&rSefrsm;udk zsufqD;ypfa&;yif jzpfygonf bk&m;}} [k 0daootm;jzifh us,f0ef;pGm apm'emMuonf/
xkd0daoo apm'emcsufrS vkd&if;udk aumufEkwfaomf -
(1) Oyg'gef[lonf rpGefUEdkif rvTwfEkdif cdkifcdkifrmrm pGJudkifxm;rI jzpfonf/
(2) xdkOyg'gefonf umrkyg'gef? 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef? twå0g'kyg'gef [lí
av;rsKd;½Sdonf/
(3) xkdwGif umr*kPfü pGJvrf;jcif;onf umrkyg'gef jzpfonf/
(4) xkdumrkyg'gefonf w&m;ukd,ftm;jzifh tukodkvf avmbrlpdwf ½Spfckü ,SOfaom
]umrpäE´} ac: ]avmb} apwodufjzpfonf/
(5) tm½kHudk ûyvkd½kHrQ vdkcsifrIonf ]uwåKurswm qEápwoduf} om jzpfonf/ (umrkyg'gef
r[kwf)
(6) edAÁmefudk ûyvdk½kHrQ vdkcsifrIonf (uwåKurswm qEápwoduf}} omjzpfonf/ (umrkyg'gef
r[kwf)
(7) pGJpGJvrf;vrf; ,lxm;aom t,lrSm; (t,lrSm;ü pGJvrf;jcif;)? ay;vª&jcif;\ tusKd;r½Sd?
aumif;rIuH raumif;rIuHwkdU\ tusKd;quf tusKd;&if;r½Sd[k ,ljcif;? wrvGefavmu
r½Sd[k ,ljcif; (0g) owå0g aojyD;aemuf a&mufrnfh ewfbkH jA[®mbHk jydwåmbHkwdkUudk
r,HkMunfjcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gefjzpfonf/
(8) t,lrSefü jrJjcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gef r[kwf/
(9) owå0g aojyD;aemuf a&muf&rnfh aemufb0 (ewfjA[®mESifh i&Jb0) wdkUudk
,HkMunfjcif;onf ukodkvfo'¨gw&m; jzpfonf/ Oyg'gef r[kwf/
(10) EGm; acG; ponfwdkU\ tavhtusihfudk udavom jidrf;aMumif; tusifhaumif;tjzpf
,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;onf oDvAÁwkyg'gef jzpfonf/
(11) 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef? twå0g'kyg'gef oHk;rsKd;vHk;yif (w&m;udk,ftm;jzihf) tukokdvf
'd|d*worÜ,kwf pdwf 4 yg;ESifh ,SOfwGJaom 'd|dapwoduf wpfrsKd;wnf; jzpfonf/

tpodkU
(12) bk&m;½Sif ñTefjyqdkqHk;ronfhtwkdif; edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; yg&rDaumif;udk pkaqmif;jcif;?

'ge oDv bm0emwkdUudk ûyvkyftm;xkwfjcif;onf ukokdvfyg&rDom jzpfonf/
(13) vlewfpnf;pdrfudk awmifhwí 'geoDv ûyjcif;ukdyif tukokdvf[k rqkd? 0#³edódw
ukokdvf (oHo&m0#fudk rSDaom ukodkvf) [kom qkdonf/
(14) odkUygvsuf ewfpnf;pdrf ewfb0? jA[®mpnf;pdrf jA[®mhb0udk rSef;qí ukodkvfûyjcif;udk
tukodkvfOyg'gef jzpfav[ef a[majyma&;om;jcif;onf Ak'ömoemh0efxrf;rsm;tm;
Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;u vª'gef;ay;urf;rI ponf rûyatmif enf;y&d,m,fjzifh wm;qD;jcif;[k
qkdEdkifonf/
(15) awGUu&m Oyg'gef jzpfaejcif;um tbd"r®m tajccHrJhaom vrf;ay:u vlrsm;\ (w&m;ESifh
qefUusifaom) pum;omjzpfonf[k aumufEkwfí &onf/
45/ ,if;apm'emcsufudk pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfwdkYu acsy&mü 'DCedum,f r[m0*f? r[med'geokwf
ESm-54 wGif jyqkdxm;aom ]]umr*kPfü pGJvrf;jcif; umrkyg'gef? t,lü pGJvrf;jcif; 'd|Kyg'gef?
tavhtusifhü pGJvrf;jcif; oDvAÁwkyg'gef? twå[laom 0g'ü pGJvrf;jcif; twå0g'kyg'gef wkdUaywnf;}}
[laompum;&yfudk axmufxm;í oDvAÁwkyg'gefudk jrefrmjyefqkd&mwGif tavhtusifhpGJudkom
tavhtusifhpGJudkom qkdvkdaMumif; awGU&jyD; acG; EGm;wkdU\ tusihf[lí rawGU&aMumif; acsyMuonf/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwkdU\ pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf

,if;acsycsufudk pdppfoHk;oyfaomf-
(u) b*¾0? tcgwpfyg;ü igonf xlvlZeyk'f Owå&umrnfaom ed*Hk;üae\/ b*¾0? xdktcg
igonf eHeuftcsdefü ouFef;udk jyif0wfí oydwfouFef;udk ,lvsuf aemufvdkuf&[ef; vdpä0Drif;om;
okeu©wfESifh twl Owå&um ed*Hk;okdU qGrf;cH0if\/ xkdtcg t0wfr0wfaom aum&cwåd, wuúwGef;onf
acG;usifh usifh\/ av;bufaxmufoGm;\/ ajrücsxm;tyfaom tpmudk yg;pyfjzihfom [yf\/
yg;pyfjzifhom pm;\/ b*¾0? vdpä0Drif;om; okeu©wfonf acG;usifh usifhvsuf av;bufaxmuf
oGm;aeaom ajrücsxm;tyfaom tpmudk yg;pyfjzihfom [yfí yg;pyfjzifhom pm;aeaom t0wfr0wfaom
aum&cwåd, wuúwGef;udkjrifí þokdUaom tMuHonf jzpf\/
]]tcsif;wkdU ... av;bufaxmufvsuf oGm;aom ajrücsxm;onfhtpmudk yg;pyfjzifhom [yfí
yg;pyfjzifhompm;aom þ&[ef;tm; csD;rGrf;tHhMozG,f aumif;avpGwum;}} [k tMuHjzpf\/ ('D? jref? 3? 6)
(c) ykPÖ? igonf oifhtm; ]]ykPÖ roifhavsmfacs/ þjyóem &SdapOD;avmh/ ighudk þjyóem
rar;vifh}} [k qkdaomfvnf; r&cJh/ odkUjzpfí oifhtm; igajzMum;avmhtHh/ (þavmuü tcsKdUaomolonf
acG;tusihfacG;tavhtx acG;pdwf acG;trlt&mwkdUudk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk rjywfrvwf yGm;rsm;\/ xkdolonf
acG;tusihf acG;tavhtx acG;pdwf acG;trlt&mwkdUudk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk rjywfrvwf yGm;rsm;í cE¨mudk,f

tpodkU
ysufpD;í aojyD;onfrS aemufü acG;wkdU\ taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&muf&av\/ (acG;jzpf\[k

qkdvdkonf) xkdolrSm ]]igonf þtavhtx þ0wf þtusifh þjrwfaom tusihfjzifh xif½Sm;aom
ewfaomfvnf;aumif;? rxif½Sm;aom ewfaomfvnf;aumif; jzpf&tHh}} [k tu,fí t,lpGJ ½Sdjim;tHh?
xkdt,lpGJonf rSm;aom t,lpGJ jzpf\/ ykPÖ? rSm;aom t,lpGJ ½SdoltzkdU i&J okdUr[kwf wd&dpämefrsKd;[laom
vm;&mESpfrsKd;wdkUwGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;aom vm;&mudk igqdk\/ (r? jref? 2? 55? 56? 37)
(*) aoed, (þavmuü) tcsKdUaomolonf EGm;tusihf EGm;tavhtx EGm;pdwf
EGm;trlt&mwkdUudk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk rjywfrvwf yGm;rsm;\/ xkdolonf EGm;tusihf EGm;tavhtx EGm;pdwf
EGm;trlt&mwkdUudk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk rjywfrvwf yGm;rsm;í cE¨mudk,f ysufpD;í aojyD;onfrS aemufü EGm;wkdU\
taygif;tazmftjzpfodkU a&muf&av\/ (EGm;jzpf\[k qkdvdkonf) xkdolrSm ]]igonf þtavhtx þ0wf
þtusifh þjrwfaom tusihfjzifh xif½Sm;aom ewfaomfvnf;aumif;? rxif½Sm;aom
ewfaomfvnf;aumif; jzpf&tHh}} [k tu,fí t,lpGJ ½Sdjim;tHh? xkdt,lpGJonf rSm;aom t,lpGJ jzpf\/
aoed,? rSm;aom t,lpGJ ½SdoltzkdY i&J okdUr[kwf wd&dpämefrsKd;[laom vm;&mESpfrsKd;wdkUwGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;aom
vm;&mudk igqdk\/
þjyqkdtyfcJhjyD;aom ygVdawmfrsm;ü acG;wdkU\ tavhtusifh? EGm;wdkU\ tavhtusifhrsm;udk
pGJpGJvrf;vrf; tjrwfwEdk; usifhaeMuaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ taMumif;t&mrsm;udk bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwkdif
txift&Sm; a[mawmfrlcJhjcif;aMumifh ,if;ygVdawmfrsm;ESifhtnD t|uxm q&mawmfrsm;onfvnf;
]]oDvAÁwk yg'geH}} [laomyk'fudk zGifh&mü t|uxmwdkUwGif-
]]a*goDv a*g0wm'Ded [d {0H ok'¨Dwd tbdeda0oawm o,ar0 Oyg'gemed (tbd? |? 2?
172/ 0dok'¨dr*¾|? 2? 203/ tbd? |? 1? 415)}}
[lí zGifhjyawmfrlcJhMuonf/
jrefrmjyef
rSef\/ EGm;wkdU\ tavh? EGm;wkdU\ tusifh ponfwkdUudk ok'¨dr*¾[k rSm;aomtm;jzifh pGJvrf;aom
rdpämt,lwkdUonf þodkU EGm;wkdU\ tavh? EGm;wkdU\ tusifh ponfjzifh udavomrS pifMu,f\[k
ESvHk;oGif;jcif;aMumifh þpGJvrf;csuf rdpämt,lwkdUonfyifvQif Oyg'gefwkdU rnfukef\/
oDvESifh 0wwkdU\ txl;udk jy&m 0dok'¨dr*f r[m#Dumü
]]twåaem 0g *0g'dbm0g"d|meH oDvH? *päaEÅm bau©wd wd|aEÅm rkawåwDwd tm'dem
*0g'dud&d,mu&PH 0wH}} (0dok'¨d? #D? 2? 327)
[k rdefUqkdawmfrl\/
rdrd\ EGm;ponfwkdU\ tjzpfudk aqmufwnfjcif;onf oDvrnf\/ oGm;vsufpm;\/ &yfvsuf
usifi,fpGefU\/ þodkU ponfjzifh EGm;ponfwkdU\ trlt&mudk jyjcif;onf 0wrnf\/

tpodkU
þjyqdkcJhjyD;aom ygVd t|uxm #Dumrsm;udk axmufxm;í EGm; acG; ponfwkdU\ tavhtusifhudk

udavom jidrf;aMumif; tusifhaumif;tjzpfjzifh ,HkMunfjcif;rsKd;onf oDvAÁwkyg'gef jzpfonf[kqkdaom
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ apm'emonf ygVdawmf t|uxm #DumwkdUESifh nDñGwfaom "r®apm'em jzpfonf[k
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwkdU oHk;oyfawmf rlMuonf/
þt&mü pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfwdkUu aom"em&m0,f acG; EGm;wkdU\ tavhtusifh [líom qkdMu\/
(ponf) [laom pum;vHk;ryg/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ apm'empum;&yfüum; (EGm; acG; ponfwkdU\) [k
(ponf) [laom pum;vHk;udk xnfhí oHk;pGJxm;onfudk owdûy&m\/ jycJhaom t|uxm
oHk;usrf;vHk;üvnf; ]]a*goDv a*g0wm'Ded}} [k (tm'd) o'´gESifhwuG qkdxm;\/ xdk ]]tm'd}} [laom
ygVdpum;vHk; ]]ponf}} [laom jrefrmpum;vHk;rsm;jzihf MuGif;usefaom rSm;aom tavhtusifhrsm;udk
,l&m\/ xkdUaMumifh EGm; acG;wkdU\ tavhtusihfudk jzpfap? a&ikyfjcif;ç rD;vIHjcif;ç aevSef;jcif;ç ql;ay:ü
tdyfjcif; paom tavhtusifhudk jzpfap? tcsKyftm;jzifh rSm;aom tavhtusihf [lorQudk tusifhrSef[k
pGJvrf;aom 'd|dapwoduf 'd|Kyg'gef rnf\[k apm'emvdk&if; jzpfonfudk odMu\/
pk'dwuwkdUu oDvAÁwkyg'ge oDv+0w+Oyg'ge-[laom yk'f0,f oDv= tavh? 0w=tusifh?
Oyg'ge=tpGJ? oDvAÁwkyg'ge = tavhtusifh tpGJ[k þrQom qkdoifhvsuf (EGm; acG; wkdU\) [laom
0daooe orÁefyk'f xnfhoGif;jyqkdjcif;udk tydkxnfhoGif;av[ef tjypfwifí acsyjcif; jzpfaomfvnf;
jyqkdcJhjyD;aom ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dumusrf;*ef twefwefwkdU tqdktrdefUt& xnfhoGif;jyjcif; jzpf&um;
tjypfra&mufyJ odomxif½Sm;onfh *kPfajrmufaom pum;om jzpfonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU
,lqawmf rlMuonf/
46/ wpfzef pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUu umrkyg'gefwGifvnf; umr*kPf ig;yg;wkdUü pGJvrf;jcif;udkom
awGU&aMumif;? Oyg'gefwGif tukodkvf ukodkvf[lí rcGJjcm;aMumif;? ukodkvfukd pGJonfjzpfap? tukodkvfudk
pGJonfjzpfap tpGJrSefvQif Oyg'gef[líom jyqkdxm;aMumif;udk wifjyí apm'emaumufEkwfcsuf
(4?5?6?7?8?9?11?12?13?14) wdkUudk acsyMuonf/ Oy&dyPÖmo jrefrmjyef tmeOÆoyg,okwf ESm-55
üvmaom -
]]ûyvkyfcJhaom uH[lí r½Sday/ xkduH\ tusKd;jzpfaom cE¨myO©uudk y,fpGefUaompdwfjzihf
vspfvsL½IrIü ESpfouf\/ aumif;\[k pGJ\/ xdk0dnmPfonf 0dyóemudk rSD\/ odkUaomf pGJvrf;rIyif
rnf\/ tmeE´m pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gef rukefaom &[ef;onf y&dedAÁmef rûyEkdif[k a[m\/ 0dyóemudk
rSDípGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom ukokdvf0dnmPfpdwf jzpfygonf/ odkUaomf pGJvrf;vQif Oyg'gef[líyif
jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwkdif nDawmf tmeE´tm; a[mMum;csufudk awGU&ygonf bk&m;}} [k
om"uESifhwuG aom"emMuonf/

tpodkU
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU xkwfjytyfaom azmfjyyg om"u pum;&yfonf rl&if;ygVdawmf jrefrmjyefukd

csKH;íjyqkdxm;&m vdk&if;udk ûcHiHkrdatmif rcsKH;wwfojzifh t"dyÜm,f ysuf,Gif;aeonf/ rl&if;ygVd
jrefrmjyefum; atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/
]]tmeE´m? þomoemawmfü &[ef;onf þodkUusifh\/ tu,fí ûyvkyfcJhaom uH[lí
r&Sdjim;tHh/ ighrSm (tusKd;jzpfaom cE¨myO©u[lí) r&Sd&m/ ,ckb0uH[lí r&SdvQif ighrSm (tusKd;jzpfaom
cE¨myO©u[lí) rjzpfvwHh/ xif&Sm;½Sdaom jzpfay:aeaom cE¨myO©uudk y,fpGefUtHh[k vspfvsL½IrIudk &\/
xkd&[ef;onf xkdvspfvsL½IrIudk ESpfouf\/ aumif;\[lí ajymqkd\/ ouf0ifíwnf\/ xdkvspfvsL½IrIudk
ESpfoufajymqkd ouf0ifíwnfaom xkdyk*¾dKvf\ 0dnmPfonf xkdvspfvsL½I (0dyóEkayu©m) udk rSD\/
(xdkvspfvsL½IrI 0dyóEkayu©mudk pGJvrf;\/) tmeE´m? pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gef½Sdaom &[ef;onf y&dedAÁmef rûyEkdif}}
[k rdefUawmfrl\/
þa'oemawmf t"dyÜm,fum; a½S;b0u ûyvkyfcJhaom uH (ur®0#f) r&SdvQif ,ckb0ü jzpfaom
cE¨myO©u (0dygu0#f) r½Sd&m/ ,ckb0 uH (ur®0#f) r½SdvQif aemiftem*wfb0ü tusKd;jzpfaom cE¨myO©u
(0dygu0#f) rjzpfvwHh/ ,ckb0 xif½Sm;½Sdaeaom jzpfay:aeonfh cE¨myO©uudk y,fpGefUtHh[k
t&[wåzdkvfayguf &nfrSef;í 0dyóemudk tm;xkwfaom &[ef;onf vspfvsL½IrI (0dyóEkayu©m) udk&\/
xkd&[ef;onf xkdvspfvsL½IrI (0dyóEkayu©m) udk ESpfoufpGJvrf;aevQif xkd&[ef;\ 0dnmPfonf
xdkvspfvsL½IrI (0dyóEkayu©m) udk wPSm'd|dwkdUjzifh rSDwG,fae\/ xkdvspfvsL½IrI (0dyóEkayu©m) udk
pGJvrf;ae\/ ,if;odkU 0dyóemudk pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gef½Sdaom &[ef;onf y&dedAÁmef rûyEkdif[k qkdvdkonf/
þa'oemawmfü xkd&[ef;&½Sdaom vspfvsL½IrI (0dyóEkayu©m) onf ukodkvfjzpfaomfvnf;
xkdvspfvsL½IrI (0dyóEkayu©m) udk ESpfoufpGJvrf;aom 0dnmPfonfum; avmb (wPSm) 'd|dwdkUESifh
,SOfaom tukodkvf avmbrl 0dnmPfjzpfonfukd owdûycJhyg/
pk'dwuwkdU acsyaom aom"em pum;&yfukd pdppfoHk;oyfonf½Sdaomf pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf
pGJvrf;wwfaom Oyg'gefw&m;ESifh pGJvrf;tyfaom (0g) tpGJtvrf;cH&aom Oyg'ged, w&m;ESpfrsKd;wkdUudk
uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm rodMu½Smonfudk awGU&\/ xkdUaMumifh pGJvrf;wwfaom Oyg'gefw&m;ESifh pGJvrf;tyfaom
(0g) tpGJtvrf;cH&aom Oyg'ged, w&m;udk uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm odEkdifMu&ef ½Sif;vif;jyqkdjyD;rS aom"emudk
pdppfMuukeftHh/
Oyg'gef
47/ bkoH tm'd,EÅDwd Oyg'gem? 'V©§*¾g[H *PSEÅDwd taw¬m- [laom t|omvdeD
t|uxmESifh tnD rvTwfEkdifyJ jrJjrHjyif;jypGm ,lwwf pGJvrf;wwfaom oabmw&m;onf Oyg'gef rnf\/

tpodkU
Oyg'gefav;yg;
ww¬ uwrH umrkyg'geH/ a,m umarok umrpäaE´m umr&ma*g umreE´D umrwPSm
umrodaea[m umry&dVma[m umrrkpäm umraZÑmomeH/ £'H 0kpöwd umrkyg'geH/ (tbd?1?241)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD 0w¬Kumr[k ac:qkdtyfaom vkdcsifzG,f tm½kHwdkUü vdkvm;ESpfouf
wyfrufpGJvrf;aom wPSm (avmbapwoduf) onf umrkyg'gef rnf\/
ww¬ uwrH 'd|Kyg'geH/ ew¬d 'dEéH/ y/ £'H 0kpöwd 'd|Kyg'geH XaywGm oDvAÁwkyg'geO©
twå0g'kyg'geO© oAÁmyd rdpäm'd|d 'd|Kyg'geH/ (tbd?1?241)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD oDvAÁwkyg'gefESifh twå0g'kyg'gef 'd|dESpfrsKd;rS MuGif;aom
rSm;aomtjrif (rSm;aomt,l) tm;vHk;onf 'd|Kyg'gef rnf\/ þbk&m;a[m ygVdawmfjzifhyif t,lrSm;udk
pGJvrf;rIom 'd|Kyg'gef jzpfonf/ t,lrSefudk pGJjrJouf0if ,HkMunfrIonfum; 'd|Kyg'gefr[kwf/
o'¨g"darmu©om jzpfonf[k odomvSay\/
ww¬ uwrH oDvyAÁwkyg'geH/ £awm A[d'¨g orP jAm[®PmeH oDave ok'¨d/ y/
0dy&d,m o*¾ga[m/ £'H 0kpöwd oDvyAÁwkyg'geH/ (tbd?1?241)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD EGm; acG; ponfwkdU\ tavhtusihfudk (0g) tavhtusifhrSm; [lorQudk
udavom pifMu,faMumif; tusifhaumif; tjzpfjzifh rSm;,Gif;pGm pGJvrf;wwfaom tjrifrSm;rI
'd|dapwodufonf oDvyAÁwkyg'gef rnf\/
ww¬ uwrH twÅ0gyg'geH/ £" tókw0g ykxkZÆaem/ y/ rdpäwåH wdw¬m,weH 0dy&d,m
o*¾ga[m/ £'H 0kpöwd twå0g'kyg'geH/ (tbd? 1? 241)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD cE¨mig;yg;wGif wpfyg;yg;udk rysufrpD; tjrJwnfaeaom tESpfom&
trmcHoabmw&m; twå[k tjrifrSm;rI 'd|dapwodufonf twå0g'kyg'gefrnf\/
twå0g'kyg'gef (twå'd|d) ESpfq,f jzpfyHk

48/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þa'oemawmfjzifh twå0g'kyg'gef (0g) twå'd|d 20 jzpfyHkudk
jyawmfrl\/
cE¨mig;yg;wdkYwGif ]]rD;awmufESifh tvif;a&mifudk twlxifrSwfouJhokdU}} ½kyfonfyif twå[k ½kyfESifh
twåudk twlxifrSwfaom 'd|dwpfyg;?
emrfcE¨mav;yg;udk twå[k pGJ,ljyD;vQif ]]opfyifüt&dyf½Sdonf [laom pum;uJhokdU twårSm
½kyf½Sdonf[k xifrSwfaom 'd|dwpfyg;?
emrfcE¨mav;yg;udk twå[k pGJ,ljyD;vQif ]]yef;yGifhü teHU[laom pum;uJhodkU}} twåü
½kyfwnf&onf[k xifrSwfaom 'd|dwpfyg;?

tpodkU
emrfcE¨mav;yg;udk twå[k pGJ,ljyD;vQif ]]aowåmxJü ywåjrm;wnfonf [laom pum;uJhokdU}} ½kyfü

twåu wnfaeonf[k xifrSwfaom 'd|dwpfyg;?
þodkU ½kyfESifh pyfvsOf;í twå0g'kyg'gef (twå'd|d) av;yg;jzpfonf/ xdkUtwl a0'em onm
ocFg& 0dnmPf[laom emrfcE¨m wpfyg;yg;ESifh pyfvsOf;ívnf; twå0g'kyg'gef (twå'd|d) av;yg;pD
jzpf&um; cE¨mig;yg;ü twå0g'kyg'gef (twå'd|d) ESpfq,fjzpfonf/
þ'd|Kyg'gef? oDvyAÁwkyg'gef? twå0g'kyg'gef oHk;yg;wkdUonf w&m;ukd,ftm;jzifh
'd|dapwodufcsnf;om jzpfonf/ 'd|dapwoduf wpfyg;wnf;udkyif pGJvrf;yHk tjcif;t&m uGJjym;aomaMumihf
trnfoHk;rsKd;cGJí a[mawmfrlonf/ xkdUaMumifh Oyg'gefonf av;yg;jym;aomfvnf; w&m;udk,ftm;jzifh
avmbapwodufESifh 'd|dapwoduf ESpfyg;om jzpfonf/
umrkyg'geH t|ok avmbo[*awok pdwåKyÜga'ok OyÜZÆwd? 'd|Kyg'geOö
oDvyAÁwkyg'geOö twå0g'kyg'geOö pwlok 'd|d*worÜ,kawåok pdwåKyÜga'ok OyÜZÆEÅd/
("r®o*FPD? 289)
jrefrmjyef
umrkyg'gefonf avmbo[*kwf pdwåKyÜg'f ½Spfyg;wkdU ü jzpf\/ 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvyAÁwkyg'gef?
twå0g'kyg'gef wkdUonf 'd|d*worÜ,kwf pdwåKyÜg'f av;yg;wkdUü jzpfukef\/
þbk&m;½Sif EIwfawmfxGuf a'oemawmft& avmbapwodufonf avmbrlpdwf ½Spfyg;ü
jzpfonf/ 'd|dapwodufonf avmbrl 'd|d*w orÜ,kwfpdwf av;yg;ü jzpfonf[krSwf/
0dok'¨dr*f 'k-205? oar®m[ 0daem'eD t|uxm 173 wkdUüvnf;-
r[m0do,H [d wH t|pdwåorÜa,m*g? tyÜ0do,med £w&med pwkpdwå orÜa,m*g}} [k
rdefUqdkawmfrlonf/
rSef\/ xdkumrkyg'gefonf ½Spfyg;aom pdwfwkdUü ,SOfjcif;aMumifh us,faomt&m½Sd\/
umrkyg'gefrS wpfyg;aom 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvyAÁwkyg'gef? twå0g'kyg'gef wkdUonf av;yg;ukefaom pdwfwkdUü
,SOfjcif;aMumifh usOf;aomt&m ½Sdukef\/
þqdkcJhjyD;aom ygVdawmf t|uxm tqkdtrdefUudk axmufí Oyg'gef[lonf pifppf tukodkvfom
jzpfonf[k ,HkrSm;rJh rSwf,l&m\/ þt"dyÜm,fudk tbd"r®mudk avhvmzl;ol omraPi,fuav;rsm;yif
odMuayonf/
yk*¾dKvftm;jzifh umrkyg'gefonf ykxkZOfav;a,mufESifh aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grfwkdU
oEÅmefü jzpfonf/ 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvyAÁwkyg'gef? twå0g'kyg'gef wkdUonf ykxkZOfav;a,mufwkdU oEÅmefü
jzpfonf/

tpodkU
Oyg'ged,
49/ Oyg'ged, (Oyg'ge+£,) þyk'fonf Oyg'geyk'faemuf tpD;tyGm;[dw teufü
£,ypönf;owfí jyD;aom yk'fjzpfonf/
xkdUaMumifh t|omvdeD t|uxm? ESm-85 ü-
tm&r®Pbm0H Oy*E´m Oyg'ge orÁaEë Oyg'gemeH [dwmwd Oyg'ged,m/
[k rdefUqkdawmfrlonf/ tm½kHtjzpfodkU uyfa&mufí Oyg'gefwkdUESifh pyfjcif;aMumifh Oyg'gefwdkU\
tpD;tyGm;wnf;/ xkdUaMumifh Oyg'ged, rnfukef\/
]]tm&r®Pbm0H Oy*E¨m = tm½kHtjzpfodkU uyfa&mufí}} [lonf tm½kHûycH&jcif;yif jzpfonf/ xkdodkU
tm½kHûycH&jcif;aMumifh xkdw&m;rsm;onf Oyg'gefwkdUESifh pyfvsOf;aom w&m;rsm; jzpf&onf/ Oyrm-avmuü
vlwpfa,muf\ toHk;taqmifonf xdkolESifh pyfaeouJhodkU jzpfonf/
þt|uxmt& tm½kHûycH&onfjzpfí Oyg'gefwkdUESifh pyfaeonfhtwGuf Oyg'gefwkdU\
tpD;tyGm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh Oyg'ged, rnf\[k rSwf/
(tcsKyfrSm Oyg'gefwkdU\ tm½kHûycH&aom w&m;rsm; jzpfonf/)
Oyg'ged, rnfaom w&m;rsm;

uwar "r®m Oyg'ged,m/ wDok blrDok ukovH tukovH wDok blrDok 0dygaum wDok
blrDok ud&d,mAsmuwH oAÁOö ½lyH/ £ar "r®m Oyg'ged,m/ (tbd? 1? 290)
"r®o*FPD ygVdawmft& umrç ½lyç t½ly bHkoHk;yg;wkdUü jzpfaom avmuD ukodkvf 17? tukodkvf
12? avmuD0dyguf 32? bHkoHk;yg;wkdUü jzpfaom ûyumrQ jzpfí ukodkvf tukodkvf tjzpfjzifh ra[mtyfaom
ud&d,mAsmwu 20? xkdUjyif ½kyfonf½Sd\/ þw&m;wkdUonf avmb 'd|d[laom Oyg'gefwdkU\
tm½kHjzpfukefaom Oyg'ged,w&m; jzpfukef\/
þum; pGJvrf;wwfaom Oyg'gef[lonf tukodkvf oufoufom jzpfonfudkvnf;aumif;?
tpGJtvrf;cH&aom Oyg'ged, w&m;onfum; ukodkvf? tukodkvf? tAsmuw oHk;rsKd;
jzpfonfudkvnf;aumif; (tbd"r®mudk ravhvmzl;olrsm;) odEkdif&ef ½Sif;vif;jyqkdjcif; jzpfonf/
50/ ,ckapm'em aom"emudk jyefvnfpdppfMuukeftHh/ þtcsufudk apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU\
qkdvkd&if;rSm -
(1) Oyg'gefonf tukodkvfom jzpfonf/
(2) ûyvdk½kHrQ vkdcsif½kHrQonf uwåKurswm qEápwodufom jzpfonf/ (Oyg'gef r[kwf)
(3) edAÁmefudk vdkcsifrI? aumif;aomw&m;udk vdkcsifrIonf ukodkvfqEóm jzpfonf/ (Oyg'gef
r[kwf) [k qkdvkdonf/

tpodkU
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ qkdvkd&if;rSm -
(1) Oyg'gefwGif ukodkvf? tukodkvf[k rcGJjcm;aMumif;?
(2) ukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap? tukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap? tpGJrSefvQif Oyg'gef[líom
jyefqkdxm;aMumif;?
(3) 0dyóemudk rSDí pGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom 0dnmPfpdwf jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif
pGJvrf;vQif Oyg'gef[líyif jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwkdif a[mawmfrlaMumif; pum;oHk;&yf
jzpfonf/
,if;pum;oHk;&yfwdkYwGif ]](1) Oyg'gefwGif ukodkvf? tukodkvf[k rcGJjcm;aMumif;}} [laom
pum;&yfü ukodkvf? tukodkvf ESpfrsKd;&Sd&müom ukodkvf? tukodkvf cGJjcm;jy&onf/ ukodkvfcsnf;oufouf?
tukodkvfcsnf;oufouf jzpf&müum; xkdodkU cGJjcm;&ef rvdk/ Oyg'gef[lonf wpf&HwpfqpfrQ ukokdvf[lí
r½Sd/ {uef tukodkvfcsnf;om jzpfaomaMumifh ukodkvf? tukodkvf[k cGJjcm;jyqkdjcif; rûy[krSwf/
]]ukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap? tukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap tpGJrSefvQif Oyg'gef[líom
jyefqkdxm;aMumif;}} [laom pum;&yfü pum;toHk;tEIef;udk ½Sif;jytHh/ ]]ukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap}} [laom
pum;&yfü ]ukodkvfukd} [laom pum;onf tpGJtvrf; cH&aom Oyg'ged, w&m;udk jyonf/ xkdw&m;um;
trSefyif ukodkvfjzpfonf/ ]pGJonfjzpfap} [laom pum;&yfum; pGJvrf;wwfaom avmb? 'd|d [laom
Oyg'gefw&m;udk jyonf/ xdkOyg'gefum; {uef tukodkvf jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh þpum;&yfü
tpGJtvrf;cH&aom w&m;u ukodkvf? pGJvrf;wwfaom w&m;u tukodkvf jzpfonf/
]]tukodkvfudk pGJonfjzpfap}} [laom pum;&yfüvnf; ]tukodkvfudk} [laom pum;&yfonf
tpGJtvrf;cH&aom Oyg'ged, w&m;udk jyonf/ ]pGJonfjzpfap} [laom pum;&yfonf pGJvrf;wwfaom
avmb? 'd|d[laom Oyg'ged, w&m;udk jyonf/ xkdUaMumifh þpum;&yfü tpGJtvrf;cH&aom
w&m;uvnf; tukodkvf? pGJvrf;wwfaom w&m;uvnf; tukodkvfyif jzpfonf/ þodkU
tpGJtvrf;cH&aom w&m;onf ukodkvfyif jzpfap? tukodkvfyif jzpfap? pGJvrf;wwfaom w&m;um;
tukodkvfom jzpf&um; Oyg'gef[líom jyefqkdjcif; jzpfayonf/ xdkUaMumifh þ (2) eHygwf aom"em
pum;&yfonf pum;toHk;tEIef;rQom rSefonf/
,if;odkU pum;toHk;tEIef; rSefuefaomfvnf; pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU udk,fwkdifrlum; ½Sif;jycJhaom
teuft"dyÜm,fudk trSefwu,f rodyJ ]ukodkvf Oyg'gefvnf; ½Sdonf} [k tvGJtrSm; ESvHk;oGif;í
aom"emxm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;udk (3) eHygwf pum;&yfjzifh ay:vGifxif½Sm;pGm odEkdifayonf/ ½Sif;jyOD;tHh -
]]0dyóemudk rSDí pGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom 0dnmPfpdwf jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif
pGJvrf;vQif Oyg'gef[líyif jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfwkdif a[mawmfrlaMumif;}} [k qkdxm;&m ]]0dyóemudk
rSDí pGJaom 0dnmPfonf aumif;aom ukodkvf0dnmPfpdwf jzpfonf/ xkdukodkvf0dnmPfpdwfudk
Oyg'gef[ka[monf}} [k pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfwdkU ,lqaMumif; odomayonf/

tpodkU
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU udk;um;onfh tmeOÆoyg,okwfü jyqkdtyfaom 0dnmPfonf pk'dwu

yk*¾dKvfwdkU ,lqonfh aumif;aom ukodkvf0dnmPfpdwf r[kwf? avmb 'd|d[laom Oyg'gefESifh ,SOfaom
tukodkvfavmbrlpdwf 0dnmPfom jzpfonf/ ½Sif;jyOD;thH -
]]xdkvspfvsL½IrIudk ESpfoufajymqkd ouf0ifíwnfaom xkdyk*¾dKvf\ 0dnmPfonf xkdvspfvsL½IrI
(0dyóEkayu©m) udk rSD\/ xkdvspfvsL½IrI (0dyóEkayu©m) udk pGJvrf;\/
þpum;&yfü ]0dnmPfonf} [laom pum;&yfukd ]rSD\} ]pGJvrf;\} [laom Mud,mjy pum;&yfwkdUü
pyf&rnf/ rSD\? pGJvrf;\ [kqkdvQif wPSm 'd|dwdkUjzifh pGJvrf;\ [laom t"dyÜm,fonf xif½Sm;jyD; jzpf\/
xdkUaMumifhyif Oy&dyPÖmo t|uxmü xkdwEédódwH w'kyg'geH yk'fwkdU\ tajccHjzpfaom a½SU0gus½Sd
]tbdeE´wd} paom oHk;yk'fwkdUudk zGifhjy&m0,f -
]]aomwH Oayu©H tbdeE´wDwd aom wH 0dyóEkayu©H wPSm'd|d tbdeE´m'D[d tbdeE´wd?
aooy''Ga,yd {ao0 ea,m}}
[k zGifhjyawmfrl\/
t"dyÜm,f - aomwH Oayu©H tbdeE´wDwd [lonfum; xdk&[ef;onf xkd 0dyóEkayu©mudk wPSm?
'd|dwnf;[laom ESpfoufjcif;wkdUjzifh ESpfouf\/ MuGif;aom tbd0'wd? taZÑmom, wd|wd}} [laom
yk'fESpfcktaygif;üvnf; þenf;wnf;/
þpum;&yfwGif ]]0dnmPfonf rSD\/ pGJvrf;\}} [laom pum;&yfjzifh pGJvrf;wwfonfh avmb?
'd|d[laom Oyg'gefwkdUESifh ,SOfaom tukodkvf avmbrlpdwf 0dnmPfudk jyonf/ ]]xkdvspfvsL½IrI
0dyóEkayu©mudk}} [laom pum;&yfjzifh Oyg'gef\ tm½kHjzpfonfh (tpGJtvrf;cH&onfh) Oyg'ged,jzpfaom
0dyóEkayu©m ukodkvfudk jyonf/ vdk&if;tcsKyfrSm tm½kHjzpfonfh (0g- tpGJtvrf;cH&onfh)
0dyóEkayu©monf ukodkvfjzpfonf/ xkdukodkvfjzpfaom 0dyóEkayu©mudk pGJvrf;aom 0dnmPfum;
avmb? 'd|dESifh ,SOfaom avmbrltukodkvf 0dnmPfjzpfonf[k rSwf/ tpGJtvrf;cH&aom tm½kHu
ukodkvf jzpfumrQjzifh xkdxkdpGJvrf;aom Oyg'gefonf ukodkvf rjzpfEkdifacs/ xkdUaMumifh 0dyóemü
pGJvrf;uyfjidrI&Sdaeaom &[ef;aomfrS igbk&m;omoemawmfü udavom rjidrf;Edkifao;/ ausmif; y&d0kPf
tvkyftauR; 'g,um ponfwdkUü pGJvrf;uyfjidrI ½Sdaeaom &[ef;onfum; tb,frSm ajymzG,f&m
½Sdawmhrnfenf; [laom t"dyÜm,fudk bk&m;½Sif jyawmfrlonf/
xdkUaMumifh pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdUonf þtmeOÆoyg,okwfudk om"uûyí (Oyg'gef[lonf avmb
'd|d wnf;[laom tukodkvfom jzpfonf) [laom apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ pum;udk acsyMuaomfvnf;
acsy&m ra&mufonfhtjyif axmufcH&myif a&mufacsonf[k 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwkdU
pdppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
51/ wpfzef pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifu ]]"r®o*FPD usrf;t& tukodkvfudk pGJvQif Oyg'gef?

ukodkvfudk pGJvQif Oyg'gef r[kwfjzpfaMumif; apm'emq&mawmfrsm;u wifjycsufrSm wynfhawmfawGU&onfh
atmufygokwfwkdUjzihf uGmjcm;aeygonfbk&m;[k pum;csDjyD;vQif t*FkwådK&f? e0uedygwf?
oOyg'daoookwf? pmrsufESm-185 ü vmaom pum;&yfudk om"uûyvsuf þtcsufüvnf;
aomwmyefyifvQif pGJvrf;rIusefaevQif Oyg'gef[lí oHk;EIef;xm;aMumif; awGU&ygonf}} [k
acsyaom"emavonf/
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf acsyovdk apm'em pum;&yfü (tukodkvfudk pGJvQif Oyg'gef? ukodkvfudk pGJvQif
Oyg'gefr[kwf) [laom pum;&yf yg rygudk aocsmpGm pdppf&m-
(1) Oyg'gef[lonf w&m;udk,ftm;jzifh avmbESifh 'd|dom jzpfí avmbrlpdwfü ,SOfaom
tukodkvfom jzpfonf/
(2) ûyvdk½kHrQ vdkcsifrIonf uwåKurswm qEápwodufom jzpfonf/ (Oyg'gefr[kwf)
(3) edAÁmefudk vdkcsifrI? aumif;aomw&m;udk vdkcsifrIonf ukodkvfqEóm jzpfonf/
(Oyg'gefr[kwf)
(4) t,lrSefü pGJjrJjcif;onf 'd|Kyg'gefrjzpf? t,lrSm;ü pGJvrf;jcif;onfom 'd|Kyg'gef
jzpfonf/
þrQom awGU&onf/ (tukodkvfudkpGJvQif Oyg'gef? ukodkvfudkpGJvQif Oyg'gefr[kwf) [laom
pum;rsKd; wkduf½dkufvnf;ryg/ xkdt"dyÜm,frsKd;xGufaom pum;&yfvnf; rygacs/ (4) trSwfjy
aumufEkwfcsufü ]]pGJjrJ}} [laom pum;&yfESifh ]]pGJvrf;}} pum;&yfESpfckudk oHk;pGJxm;&m ]]pGJjrJ}} [laom
a0g[m&um; ]]pGJjrJouf0if ,HkMunfrI= o'¨g"darmu©}} jzpfí ]]pGJvrf;}} [laom a0g[&mum; ]]pGJvrf;rI
Oyg'gef}} jzpfonfudk cGJjcm;í rodjcif;aMumifh acsyaom"emjcif;om jzpf&monf/
oOyg'daoookwfudk om"uûyí ]]aomwmyefyifvQif pGJvrf;rIusefaevQif Oyg'gef[lí
oHk;EIef;xm;ygaMumif; awGU&ygonf}} [laom acsycsufonfvnf; apm'empum;&yfESifh rnfodkYrQ
rywfoufacs/
tvHk;pHkaom avmuDw&m;wkdU\ 0w¬Kumr\ tpGrf;jzifh ]]umr}} [lívmjcif;aMumifh ½ly&m*
t½ly&m*onfvnf; umrkyg'gefü usa&muf(yg0if)&um; Oyg'gefav;yg;wkdUwGif xkdumrkyg'gefudk pwkw¬
t&[wår*fÚmPfu y,fowftyf\}} [laom 0dok'¨dr*f 'kwd, ESm-326-ü rdefUqkdtyfaom pum;ESifhtnD
aomwmyef oEÅmefü 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef? twå0g'kyg'gef oHk;yg;wkdUudkom y,f&ao;í umrkyg'gef
tukodkvf MuGif;usefao;onfudk oOyg'daoookwfü a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfayonf/
þokwfyg pum;&yfonfvnf; apm'uq&mawmfwkdU\ apm'epum;&yfESifh rnfodkYrQ uGJjym;jcif;
r&Sdacs/

tpodkU
aemufwpfzef ]]tem*grfqdkufaom olawmfaumif;onfyifvQif Oyg'gef rukefaMumif; atmufyg

taxmuftxm;t& awGU&ygonfbk&m;}} [k pum;csDjyD;vQif rZÑdryPÖmo uD#m*D&dokwf ESm-156 ü
vmaom pum;&yfudk om"uûyvsuf þtcsufonfvnf; ukodkvfw&m; ½SdaeolyifvQif Oyg'gef
usefEkdifonfudk awGU&ygonfbk&m; [k acsyjyefavonf/
,if;acsycsuf\ qkdvdk&if;um; ]]ukodkvfw&m;½Sdaeol tem*grfolawmfaumif; oEÅmefüyif
Oyg'gefusefonf[k a[mawmfrlonfudk awGU&jcif;aMumifh Oyg'gefonf tukodkvfom jzpfonf}} [laom
apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ apm'empum; roihf}} [k acsyvdk&if; jzpfonf/
þacsycsuf aom"emjzifhyif pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf ocifjrwfqkdifonf tbd"r®mobm0udk
vHk;0r&dyfpm;rdaMumif; xif½Sm;aeayonf/ rSefvS\/ ]]tem*grf oEÅmefü tjrJyif ukodkvfw&m;
&Sdaeayonf/ tem*grf oEÅmefü jzpfaom Oyg'gefonf ukodkvfom jzpfonf}} [k pk'dwuyk*¾dKvf
qkdvdkonf/ þtcsufjzifhyif tbd"r®moabmudk vHk;0rodyg[k 0efcH&m a&mufacsonf/
pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifonf ]]ykxkZOfoEÅmefjzpfapç aomwmyefç ou'g*grfç tem*rfwkdY
oEÅmefüjzpfapç a,medaom reodum& taMumif;½SdvQif ukodkvfw&m; jzpfyGm;í ta,medaom reodum&
taMumif;½SdvQif tukodkvfw&m; jzpfyGm;aeonf}} [laom obm0udkvnf;rod? jycJhjyD;aom 0dok'¨dr*f? 'k?
326 vm pum;ESifhtnD ]]tem*grf oEÅmefü umr&m*ukdom y,f&ao;í ½ly&m*? t½ly&m*wnf;[laom
umrkyg'gef usefao;onf/ ,if;umrkyg'gefonf tukodkvfom jzpfonf}} [laom obm0udk
vHk;0rod½Smjcif;aMumifhom þodkUacsyrdjcif; jzpfayonf/
xkdUaMumihf pk'dwu\ acsycsufonf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\/ apm'empum;udk rnfodkUrQ
rvIyf&Sm;apEkdif[k 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwkdU pdppfa0zefawmf rlMuonf/
wpfzefpk'dwu yk*¾dKvfwdkUu ]]apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjycsufjzpfaom umrkyg'gefonf
tukodkvf avmbrlpdwfESifh wGJ,SOfjzpfay:onfh avmbapwoduf[lí awGU&ygonfbk&m;}} [k
wifjyMujyefonf/
psmefwkdUtm; ]]igonf jidrfoufvS\? at;jidrf;vS\? pGJvrf;rIuif;\}} [lí xifrSwfaom
þodkU½Iaomf Oyg'gefyif rnf\}} [laom Oy&dyPÖmo jrefrmjyef yOöwå,okwf 20 vm pum;&yfudkvnf;
om"utjzpf wifjyMuonf/ þpk'dwuwkdU\ upm;&yfü tb,fudk ½Sif;vif;acsyonf[laom tcsuf
ryg½Sdacs/ ]]umrkyg'gefonf tukodkvf avmbrlpdwfESifh wGJ,SOfjzpfay:onfh avmbapwoduf[lí
awGU&ygonfbk&m;}} [k awGU&aMumif;om jyqdkí ]]umrkyg'gefonf avmbapwoduf r[kwfyg}} [kvnf;
jiif;qkdcsuf ryg/ ]]tukodkvf avmbrlpdwfESifh wGJ,SOfjzpfay:onfr[kwf}} [kvnf; jiif;qkdcsuf rygacs/
tu,fí jiif;qkdapOD;awmh/ ½Sif;vif; jyqdkcJhjyD;aom Oyg'ge a*gpäuvm bk&m;a[m a'oemjzifhyif
umrkyg'gefonf tukodkvf avmbrlpdwfü ,SOfaom avmbapwoduf jzpfonfrSm xif½Sm;jyD;jzpfí
xkdjiif;qdkcsufonf tusKd;r&Sd ed&w¬umom jzpf&m\/

tpodkU
pk'dwuwkdU xkwfaqmifwifjytyfaom om"u pum;&yfüygaom Oyg'gefonfvnf;

umrkyg'gefr[kwf? 'd|Kyg'gefom jzpfjcif;aMumifh om"u rajrmufacs/ rSef\/ pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdU
xkwfaqmifwifjytyfaom pum;&yfonf -
,Oö acg t,rm,o®m ]]oaEÅm[ro®d edAÁKawm[ro®d tEkyg'g aem[ro®d}} wd
orEkyówd/ w'yd £ró abmawm orPó jA[®Pó Oyg'geru©m,wd (r? 3? 26)/
[laom Oy&dyPÖmo ygVd yOöwå,okwfüvmaom ygVdawmf\ jrefrmjyefjzpfonf/ xkdygVdawmf\ jrefrmjyef
tjynfhtpHkrSm -
þt½Sifonf ]]igonf jidrfoufol jzpf\/ igonf jidrf;at;ol jzpf\/ igonf rpGJvrf;ol
jzpf\/}} [lí tMuif½Ijrif\/ þt½Sif omrP jA[®P\ xdk½Ijrifjcif;udkvnf; Oyg'gef[lí qkdtyf\[k
jzpfonf/
þygVdawmfü ]]Oyg'geru©m,wd}} ]]Oyg'gef[lí qkdtyf\}} [lonfrSm ]]t[ro®d}} ]]igjzpf}} [k
,ljcif;onf ouúm,'d|dü tusHK;0ifaeonf/ xkdUaMumifh ]]'d|Kyg'gef}} [k bk&m;½Sif a[mawmfrlvdk&if;
jzpfonf/ xkdUaMumifh Oy&dyPÖmo t|uxm? pmrsufESm 17-ü -
]]Oyg'geru©m,wDwd t[ro®Dwd *[Pó ouúm,'d|d y&d,myEéwåm 'd|Kyg'geH tu©m,wd}} [k
zGifhjyawmfrlonf/
jrefrmjyef
Oyg'gef[k qkdtyf\ [lonfum; igjzpf\[k ,ljcif;\ ouú,'d|dü tusKH;0ifonf\
tjzpfaMumifh 'd|Kyg'gef[lí qkdtyf\/
wpfzef pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdUu ]]Oyg'gef tpGJtvrf; ½Sd½kHrQESifh tyg,frusEkdif[k
a[mawmfrlygonfbk&m;}} [k wifjyMujyefonf/
t*FkwådK&f? oOyg'daookwfüvmaom pGJvrf;rI tMuGif;tusef ½Sdygvsuf tyg,fav;yg;
rvm;Ekdifaom yk*¾dKvf 9-rsKd;udk a[mjyaom a'oemawmfudk om"utjzpf xkwfaqmifvsuf ]]þtxJü
aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grf ponfwkdU yg0ifaeonfudk awGU&ygonfbk&m;}} [k wifjyMuavonf/
Oyg'geftpGJtvrf; ½Sd½kHrQjzifh tyg,frusEkdif[k a[mfawmfrljcif;onf vnf;aumif;? pGJvrf;rI
tMuGif;tusef ½Sdygvsuf tyg,frusEdkifaom yk*¾dKvf 9-rsKd;wkdUwGif aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grfwkdU
yg0ifaejcif;onf vnf;aumif; apm'empum;&yfESifh rnfokdUrQ rywfoufjcif;aMumifh ,if;aom"em
pum;&yfudkvnf; pdppfoHk;oyf&ef rvdk[k 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; qEńDrQawmf rlMuonf/
53/ aom"emed*Hk; tjzpfjzifhvnf; ]]okdUjzpf&m þtcef; (15) ü apm'emq&mawmfrsm;\
ed*Hk;wGif Oyg'gef[lonf tukodkvfjzpfí avmbESifh 'd|dw&m;om jzpfonf/ tukodkvfom jzpfonf/
tjrifrSm;rI Oyg'gefom jzpfonf/ ukodkvfvdkcsifrIrSm Oyg'gefr[kwf? &SifOuú|wdkUonf yd#uwfawmf\

tpodkU
teufukdrQ rSefuefpGm rod/ vrf;ay:u vlrsm;\ w&m;[kqdkaom tcsufudk ,ckwdusaom q|rl

yd#uwfawmfrS aumufEkwf½Sif;vif;tyfygonfbk&m;}} [k avQmufxm;Muavonf/
þaom"emed*Hk; pum;&yfüvnf; ]]Oyg'gef[lonf tukodkvfjzpfí avmbESifh 'd|dw&m;om
jzpfonf/ tukodkvfom jzpfonf/ ukodkvfvdkcsifrIonf Oyg'gefr[kwf}} [laom apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkY\
pum;&yfonf jyqdkcJhjyD;aom ygVdawmf t|uxmwkdUESifh nDñGwfí rSefuefaom pum;om jzpfonf/
(apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ pum;wGif tjrifrSm;rI Oyg'gefjzpfonf[k ryg r&Sd) pGJpGJvrf;vrf; ,lxm;aom
t,lrSm;onf 'd|Kyg'gef jzpfonf[k vnf;aumif;? t,lrSm;udk pGJvrf;jcif;om 'd|Kyg'gef jzpfonf[k
vnf;aumif; yg½Sdonf/ xkdpum;onfvnf; ygVdawmf t|uxmwdkUESifh nDñGwfí rSefuefaom pum;om
jzpfonf/
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUu wdusaom q|rlyd#uwfawmfrS aumufEkwf½Sif;vif;ygonf qkdaomfvnf;
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU aumufEkwfjytyfaom yd#uwfawmf om"ursm;onf pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU qkdvkdaom
]]Oyg'gefonf tukodkvfom r[kwf? ukodkvfvnf; jzpfonf}} [laom teufudk vHk;0
rjyEkdifaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? acsyoifhonfukd racsyyJ racsyoifhonfukd acsyxm;aomaMumifh
vnf;aumif;? tcsKdUom"uwkdUonf apm'emcsufESifh vHk;0rywfoufaomaMumihf vnf;aumif; om"u
rajrmufacs/
þrQ½Snfvsm;aom pum;tpOfjzifh vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\ aemufvdkuf or®m'd|d okawoe
0g'D paom olwdkU\ bk&m;a[m ygVda0g[m&rsm;\ teuft"dyÜg,ftrSefudk ypfy,fxm;í rSm;,Gif;aom
teuft"dyÜm,frsm;udkom azmfjyaeMuyHk tjcif;t&m odomxif½Sm;ap&ef apm'uq&mawmfrsm; oufaocH
xkwfjytyfaom (u) trSwfjy yk'frSpí (þ) tu©&mtrSwfjy yk'fwkdifatmifaom (36) yk'fwkdYudk toD;oD;
ygVdawmf t|uxm #DumwkdUESifh n§dEIdif;í pdppfjyqkdcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
54/ þokdU pdppfjyqkdtyfjyD;aom taMumif;t&m tcsuftvufaygif;rsm;pGmudk aocsmaphik
Munfh½Iqifjcifaom OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\ aemufvkduf or®m'd|d okawoe0g'D paom olwdkU\ ½kyf0g'
tjrifjzihf a&;om;a[majymcsufrsm;onf bk&m;½Sif\ tvkdawmfESifh ajzmifhajzmifhqefUusifaomaMumifh
t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif;? xkdt"r®0g'udk a&;om;a[majymaeMuaom OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwkdUonf
t"r®0g'Drsm;om jzpfaMumif; EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; tnDtñGwf qHk;jzwfawmf
rlMuonf/

tpodkU

EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf (2)
apm'em trSwf-16
t&d,mESifh edAÁmefudk jyifqifa&;om;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä,
t&d,mtaMumif; apm'emü tusOf;aumufEkwfcsuf
1/(u) or®m'd|d okawoe tzGJUrS w&m;r0if xkwfa0aom twGJ (4) trSwf (8) opöm"r®pmapmif
pmrsufESm-9-ü -
{0H yóH bdu©a0 okw0g t&d,om0aum [laom tewåvu©Pokwf a'oemawmfESifh tnD
rsufpdESifh em;½Sdí jrifwwfMum;wwfaom vludk t&d,m[k ac:onf/ t&d,mESifh vlrSm twlwlyif
jzpfonf/ rsufpd? em;½Sdygvsuf rjrifwwf? rMum;wwfojzifh vlr[kwfoludk te&d, ac:onf[k
a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(c) rdef;rESifh a,mufsm; vifr,m;ESpfa,mufudk t&d,mac:onf[k OD;0go0u a[majymjcif;/
(*) OD;Ouú| a&;om;xm;aom Ak'¨tbd"r®m pmrsufESm 251 üvnf; 0domcg ausmif;trMuD;
temxydPf olaX;MuD;wkdUonf cifyGef;onf ZeD;r,m;wkdUESifh twlwuG
aexdkifMuaomfvnf; wPSmOyg'gefr½SdyJ vifhusifh0wf? r,m;usifh0wf ig;yg;ûy½kHrSwyg;
tEkyg'gefw&m;ESifh aexkdifojzifh aomwmyefjzpfí okcw&m; &aeMu\[k
a&;om;xm;jcif;/
(C) twGJ (1) trSwf (7)? arSmifckdxkwfaom opöm"r®pmapmif pmrsufESm-9-üvnf;
ÓPf½Sdolrsm;tzdkU oufomovdkaeí usifhygvQif wpfvESpfvtwGif; taMumufESifh
tarQmfuif;í aomwmywådr*f&onf/ qufvufusifhvQif pdk;&drfrIESifh wkefvIyfrI
aysmufuif;í ou'g*grdr*f &onf/ xkdUaemuf cspfjcif;ESifh rkef;jcif; aysmufuif;í
tem*grdr*f&onf/ þtwkdif; qufvufí yGm;rsm;ygu wPSmOyg'geftm;vHk;jidrf;í
t&[wår*f &onf/ qufvufyGm;rsm;aomtcg to®drme (igwnf;[laom) trSwfonm
aiGUaiGUusef½SdaerI aysmufuif;vQif t&[wåzkdvf qdkufa&mufygjyD[k a&;om;xm;jcif;/
(i) bmompD;yGm;a&;eJU vlrIpD;yGm;a&; trnf½Sd pmapmif pmrsufESm 20-ü-
vlrd vlzu arG;wJhom;udk t&d,m[k ac:onf/ t&d,mudk yk'fcGJaomtcg t&+£,+tm
[kcGJí-
t& u = vltar
£, u = vltaz
tm u = vkyfwm
vltar? vltazawG vkyfvdkU jzpfwmvkdU qkdvdkw,f[k a&;om;xm;jcif;/

tpodkU
apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf opöm"r® pmapmif ponfwkdUrS txufyg a&;om;ajymqkdcsufwkdUudk

oufaotjzpf xkwfjyjyD;vQif ,if;odkU a&;om;ajymqkdjcif;jzifh Ak'ömoemawmfü
tvGeftav;*½kûyxdkufaom t&d,m olawmfaumif;wkdUudk yHkysufyef;ysufjzpfatmif zsufqD;aeMuaMumif;/
udavomeH tm&uwåm t&da,m ponfjzifh rdefUqkdxm;tyfaom ax&0g'yd#uwf usrf;*efrsm;ESifh
tnD udavom tnpftaMu; uif;a0;í jzLpifjrifhjrwfaom wefzkd;xm;xdkufonfh
olawmfaumif;rsm;udkom t&d,m[k ac:qkdxm;onf jzpfygvsuf xkdt&d,m olawmfaumif;wkdUukd
,kwfnHhao;odrfatmif w&m;vGefapmfum; a&;om;xm;aMumif;jzifh pGJcsufwifjy apm'emMuonf/
pk'dwuwkdU\ aom"emü tusOf;aumufEkwfcsuf

2/ txufazmfjyyg apm'emtusOf; aumufEkwfcsuf (5) csufwkdUwGif pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkUonf
trSwf (8) tcsufrSwpfyg; useftcsuf (4) csufwkdUudk jyefvnfacsy aom"emrI rûyMu/ trSwf (8)
tcsufudk jyefvnf acsy&mü -
Ak'¨tbd"r®m pmrsufESm 251 ü ]]wPSmESifh Oyg'gef rygMuawmhbJ}} [k twdtvif; yg½Sdaeygvsuf
apm'u&[ef;wkdUu ]]wPSmESifh Oyg'gef r½SdMuawmhbJ}} [k trSm;oGif;jyD; pGyfpGJxm;MuonfrSm
apwemqkd;ESifh azmfjy&m a&mufaeygaMumif;? ]ryg} [laom pum;ESifh ]r½Sd} [laom pum;rSm tvGeft"dyÜm,f
jcm;em;vSygaMumif;jzifh jyefvnfacsy aom"em ûyMuonf/
0denf;"dk&fyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf
3/ pk'dwu yk*¾dKvfwdkUonf trSwf (u) (c) (C) (i) tcsufwdkUudk jyefvnfacsyrI
rûyMuaomaMumifh olwkdY\ trSm;udk 0efcHjyD; jzpfonf/ trSwf (8) tcsufudk jyefvnfacsy&mü ]ryg}
[laom pum;ESifh ]r½Sd} [laom pum;rSm t"dyÜm,f tvGefjcm;em;onf[k qkdMuonf/ odkUaomf 0domcgESifh
temxydPfwkdUonf xkdtcsdefu aomwmyefrQom jzpfMuao;aomaMumifh 'd|Kyg'gef? oDvAÁwkyg'gef?
twå0g'kyg'gefwkdUudkom y,fMu&ao;í wPSm (avmb) [laom umrkyg'gefudkum; ry,fMu&ao;acs/
xkdUaMumifhyif 0domcgonf ol\ ajr;uav;wpfa,muf aoqHk;í tokbtjyefwGif ylaqG;0rf;enf;rI
ajyaysmufapvdkonfhtwGuf w&m;em,l&ef jrwfpGmbk&m; txHawmfokdU a&mufvmcJhojzifh
aomuajyjidrf;aMumif; w&m;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrl&ao;\/
(O'gef;ygVdawmf? 0domcgokwf? 190)
odkUjzpf&um; aomwmyef yk*¾dKvfwdkUonf &Hzef&Hcg wPSmOyg'gef jzpfvmEdkifao;&um;
Ak'¨tbd"r®mü ]wPSmOyg'gef rygMuawmhyJ} [k a&;xm;onfjzpfap? ]wPSmOyg'gef r½SdMuawmhyJ} [k
a&;xm;onfjzpfap? tw¬,kwåd r½Sdonfom jzpfayonf/ ½Sif;vif;OD;tHh-

tpodkU
]ygonf} [laom jrefrmrI pum;vHk;onf tbd"r®menf;t& orÜ,kwå o[Zmw

(wGJ,SOfíjzpfonf? wuG jzpfonf) [laom teufxGufonf/ ]½Sdonf} [laom pum;vHk;um; (wGJ,SOfí
rjzpfapum? twlwuG rjzpfapum) r*fjzifh ry,f&ao;onfjzpfí tEko, udavom taetm;jzifh
½Sdao;onf[laom teufxGufonf/
0domcg? temxydPfuJhodkUaom aomwmyef t&d,mrsm;ü 'd|Kyg'gef vHk;0r½Sdonfum; rSef\/
avmb[laom umrkyg'gefum; aomwmywådr*fjzifh ry,f&ao;aomaMumifh y&d,k|me udavom taejzifh
Oyg'fqJ jzpfqJ cPü ygíaernfom jzpfonf/ tEko, udavom taejzifhvnf; ½Sdíaernfom
jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumifh ]]wPSmOyg'gef rygyJ vifhusifh0wf r,m;usifh0wf ûy½kHrS wyg; tEkyg'gef w&m;ESifh
aexkdifMuojzifh}} [laom OD;Ouú|\ pum;onf tbd"r®m w&m;awmfESifh qefUusifojzifh tw¬,kwåd
uif;rJhonf[k oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
(u) t&d,m trSm;

4/ (u) aumufEkwfcsufü ]]{0H yóH bdu©a0 okw0g t&d,om0aum}} [laom
tewåvu©Pokwfudk om"u ûyjyD;vQif ]]rsufpd em; ½Sdí jrifwwf Mum;wwfaom vludk t&d,m
ac:onf/ t&d,mESifh vlrSm twlwlyif jzpfonf[k opöm"r®pmapmifü omrn vljydef;tawG;jzihf
awG;awmMuHqí a&;om;xm;jcif;om jzpf\/ xkdtewåvu©Pokwf ygVdawmf\ qkdvdk&if;
t"dyÜm,ftrSefudk &Sif;vif;jy&vQif -
u/ {0H yóH t&d,om0aum = þodkU þyHk ½Iaom odjrifaom t&d,mwynfh
c/ okw0g t&d, om0aum = okwESifh jynfhpHkaom t&d,mwynfh
[lí pum;ESpf&yf cGJxm;&rnf/ xkdpum;ESpf&yfwGif ]]{0H yóH = þodkU þyHk ½Ionf? odjrifonf}} [k
qdk&mü tb,fodkU tb,fyHk ½I&? odjrif&rnf qdkonfh (½IMunfhodjrifyHk) enf;pepfudk ]],HudOöd ½lyH}}
tp&Sdonfjzifh a[mawmfrlcJhjyD; jzpf\/ ,if;odkU a[mawmfrlcJhonfhtwkdif; -
twdwfç tem*wfç ypöKyÜefç tZÑwåç A[d'¨ ponfjzpfaom ½kyfç a0'emç onmç ocFg&ç
0dnmPfwnf;[laom cE¨mig;yg;wkdUonf igh[mç ighOpöm [k wPSmjzifh cifrifwG,fwmzG,f&m r[kwf/ igç
ig[k rmejzifh xifrSwfzG,f? txifMuD;zG,fvnf; r[kwf/ ig\ ckdifrmaom tESpfom&jzpfonf/ ig\
toufaumif? twåaumif? 0dnmPfaumif jzpfonf[k 'd|djzifh ,lrSm;zG,fvnf; r[kwf [lí
0dyóemÚmPfr*fjzifh ½I&? odjrif&\/ xkduJhokdU ½Iaom odjrifaom t&d,m wynfhudk ]]{0H yóH
t&d,om0aum = þodkU þyHk ½Iaom odjrifaom t&d,mwynfh}} [k a[mawmfrl\/

tpodkU
c/ ]]okw0g t&d, om0aum = okwESifh jynfhpHkaom t&d,mwynfh}} [laom pum;ü

okwonf-
(1) tm*rokw = tMum;okw
(2) t"durokw = tjrifokw
[lí ESpfrsKd;½Sd\/ xkdESpfrsKd;wdkUwGif cE¨m? tm,we? "mwfESifh ywfoufí em,lrSwfom;
Mum;emxm;tyfaom oHk;jzmyd#uwf y&d,wfusrf;*efudk ]]tm*rokw = tMum;okw}} [kac:\/ 0dyóem
ur®|mef; pD;jzef;tm;xkwfjcif;aMumifh udk,fwkdifqkdufa&muf rsufarSmufûy odjrifxm;tyfaom
r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk ]]t"d*rokw = tjrifokw}} [kac:\/
xkdUaMumifh cE¨m tm,weqkdif&m y&d,wf w&m;awmfudk oif,lrSwfom;jyD;í r*fzkdvfedAÁmefudk
xdk;xGif;odjrifjyD; jzpfojzifh tm*rokw-t"d*rokwwnf;[laom okwESpfrsKd;ESifh jynfhpHkaom t&d,m
wynfhudk ]]okw0g t&d, om0aum}} okwESifh jynfhpHkaom t&d,mwynfh[k qdkvdk\/
okw0gwd tm*rm"d*r ocFgawe Am[kóapöe orEém*wwåm okw0g/
(om&w¬#Dum-w-189)
þtwkdif;omvQif ]]{0H yóH}} tp&Sdaom ygVdawmf\ qkdvdk&if; t"dyÜm,f tppftrSef
jzpfaomaMumifh ]]rsufpd em;½Sdí jrifwwf Mum;wwfaom vludk t&d,m ac:onf[k t&d,mESifhvl
twlwljzpfonf ponfjzifh or®m'd|d okawoeorm;wkdU a&;om;xm;MuonfrSm &,fp&m pum;rQom
jzpfí trSm;oufoufom jzpfonf/
(c) (i) aumufEkwfcsuf vifESifhr,m; t&d,m

5/ xkdUjyif ]]udavomeH tm&uwåm t&da,m}} ponfjzifh apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU
xkwfjyxm;tyfaom yd#uusrf;*efrsm;ESifhtnD azmfjycJhaom tMum;tjrif okwESpfrsKd;ESifh jynfhpHkí
udavom tnpftaMu; uif;a0;Munfvif jzLpifjrifhjrwfonfh aomwmyefç ou'g*grfç tem*grfç
&[EÅmrsm; jzpfawmfrlMuaom tvGeftav;*½kûyxdkufonfh olawmfpifç olawmfaumif;ç yk*¾dKvfxl;ç
yk*¾dKvfjrwfrsm;om t&d,myk*¾dKvftppf jzpfMuaomaMumifh or®m'd|d okawoeorm;wkdU\ rdef;ra,mufsm;
vifr,m;ESpfa,mufudk t&d,m ac:onf[k ajymqdkxm;aom (2) tcsufpum;onfvnf;aumif;?
vlrdvlzu arG;aom vlom;udk t&d,mac:onf[k a&;om;xm;aom (5) tcsufpum;onf vnf;aumif;
xif&mjrif&m y&rf;ywm ajymqkda&;om;xm;aom tvGef,kwfnHhonfh pum;odrfç pum;zsif;ç tremyç
oræyÜvmy pum;rsm;om jzpfí t"r®0g' jzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
(C) taMumuftarQmfrSm;? aomwmyeftrSm;

6/ taMumufESifh tarQmf uif;jcif;udk aomwmywådr*f[k rSwf&rnfjzpfaMumif;
a&;om;xm;aom pk'dwu or®m'd|d okawoeorm;wkdU\ pum;rSm ax&0g'yd#u usrf;*efrsm;ESifh
tvGefqefUusifjyD; r½dk;om;vGef;aom &nf½G,fcsufrsm;jzifh olwkdUvkd&mqGJí MuHpnfpOf;pm; a&;om;xm;aom
xGifvHk; qifvHk;rsm;om jzpf\/ ½kyf0g' aomwmyef xlaxmifjcif;om jzpfonf/
taMumuftarQmf uif;onf[k qkdaomfvnf; aomwmywådr*fzdkvf&aom yk*¾dKvfonf t&d,m
olawmfaumif;yDyD tukodkvf 'kp½dkufudk aMumufonfom jzpfaomaMumifh taMumufruif;[kvnf;
qkdEkdif\/ t0dedygw "ar®m ed,awm oarÁm"dy&m,aPm [laom oDvu©ef ygVdawmf (148)
ponfESifhtnD aomwmyefyk*d¾Kvfonf txufr*f txufzdkvf&&ef aocsmaeonf jzpf&um;
tyg,fav;yg;wkdUü vm;a&mufawmhrnf r[kwfaomaMumifh tyg,f'k*¾wdab;udk awG;íraMumuf?
taMumufuif;onf[kvnf; qkdEkdif\/
]]tmom p ye ar oEÅd|wd ou'g*grdwm, ('D? 2? 167)}} [laom okwfr[m0g
Ze0obokwfESifh ]]ed&maom tmoHaom 0d*wmaom (tH? 1? 106)}} paom t*FkwådK&f ygVdawmf
tmoHookwfwkdUESifhtnD aomwmywådr*f zdkvf&jyD;aomyk*¾dKvfonf txufr*fzdkvf&&ef
arQmfvifhaeonfomru umr*kPfü wyfrufrI umr&m* tjyD;tjywf uif;½Sif;jyD; r[kwfaomaMumifh
ok*wdb0ESifh vlewfcsrf;omudk arQmfrSef;awmifhwjcif; uif;jyD[kvnf; rqdkEkdifacs/
7/ xkdUjyif jycJhaom oDvu©ef ygVdawmfESifh wdu pwkuú t*FkwådK&f ygVdawmf (233? 401)
yk*¾vynwf ygVdawmf (120? 121) wdkUü -
aomwmyef yk*¾dKvfonf - ouúm,'d|dç 0dpdudpämç oDvAÁwy&mrmo [laom oHa,mZOf oHk;rsKd;
vHk;0uif;½Sif;atmif y,fowfjyD; jzpf\/
ou'g*grf yk*¾dKvfonf - umr&m*ESifh a'goAsmyg' tukodkvfwkdUudk avsmhenf;oGm;atmif y,fowf\/
tem*grf yk*¾dKvfonf - umr&m*ç y#dCç oDvAÁwy&mrmoç 'd|dç 0dpdudpäm [laom atmufumrbHkodkU
a&mufapwwfaom oHa,mZOfig;rsKd;udk vHk;0uif;½Sif;atmif y,fowfjyD; jzpf\/
&[EÅm yk*¾dKvfonf - ½ly&m*ç t½ly&m*ç rmeç O'¨pöç t0dZÆm [laom txufjA[®mbHkodkU
a&mufapwwfaom oHa,mZOf ig;rsKd;wkdUudk tMuGif;tusef r½Sdatmif y,fowfjyD; jzpf\/
8/ þodkU jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom a'oemawmf½SdjyD; jzpfaomaMumifh or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJUcsKyfu xkwfa0aom opöm"r®pmapmifü taMumuftarQmf uif;jcif;udk aomwmywådr*f
[kvnf;aumif;? pdk;&drfrI wkefvIyfrI uif;jcif;udk ou'g*grdr*f [kvnf;aumif;? ponfjzifh
a&;om;xm;aom pmrsm;rSm olwkdUpdwful;? olwkdUxGifvHk; oufoufrQom jzpfaomaMumifh tav;*½kûyí
rSwfom;xkdufaom pum;r[kwf? pGefUy,f&rnfh t"r®0g' pum;rsKd;om jzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;

tpodkU
edAÁmefESifh pyfonfh apm'emü tusOf;aumufEkwfcsuf

9/ or®m'd|d okawoe tzGJUcsKyfu xkwfa0aom Ak'¨0g' tajccHoifwef; oifwef; trSwfpOf
(1) oifwef;rSwfpk pmtkyf pmrsufESm (41) ü-
(u) 0ge = taMumuf? tvdk
ed = r½Sdjcif;? uif;jcif;
ed0ge = edAÁme? edAÁmef [lí zGifhqkda&;om;xm;jcif;?
(c) 31 bHk0g' Ak'¨vufrcH pmtkyf pmrsufESm 114 ü
þ cE¨mudk,fwnf;[laom ½kyfw&m;? ½lyu©E¨mwGif a0'em? onm? ocFg&?
0dnmP[laom t½lyu©E¨m*kPfESifh edAÁmef*kPf[laom ESpfrsKd;½Sdavonf}} [k
a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(*) ocifjrwfqkdif\ Ak'¨0dyóempmtkyf? yxrwGJ pmrsufESm 45 wGif ]]edAÁmefcsrf;omudk
wrifawmifhw cHpm;vdkí tm;xkwfygu þedAÁmeftvdkonf umrESifh ,SOfaom tvkdom
jzpf&ayrnf}} [k a&;om;xm;jcif;/
(C) OD;Ouú|\ Ak'¨"r®pMumpmtkyf pmrsufESm 52? 53 ü- ]]edAÁmefESifh cE¨mig;yg;[m
wpfjcm;pDr[kwf? yl;wGJvsuf½SdaMumif;? cE¨mig;yg;[m edAÁmef jzpfEdkifaMumif;}}
a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(i) OD;Ouú|\ tdka,m*D oif b,fqDoGm;rvJ[laom pmtkyf pmrsufESm 86 ü ]]pdwf?
apwoduf? ½kyf? edAÁmefonf emrfü xnfhxm;aomaMumifh emrfonf ½kyfw&m;wkdU\
*kPfjzpfcJhygrl edAÁmefonfvnf; ½kyfw&m;wkdU\ *kPfjzpf&rnf}} [k a&;om;xm;jcif;/
10/ txufyg ta&;tom;rsm;jzifh pk'dwu or®m'd|d okawoeorm;wkdUonf edAÁmef [laom
trnfemr a0g[m& pum;vHk;udk r[kwfrrSef a0zef zsufqD;xm;jcif;? edAÁmefudk ½kyf\*kPf[kqkdum
½kyf0g'orm;wdkU\ oabmw&m;ü xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;? tEkyg'dPÖ tEkyg'ged,m"r®m[laom "r®o*FPD
ygVdawmfESifhtnD edAÁmefonf umrwPSmjzifh tm½kHûyawmifhwtyfaom w&m;r[kwfygyJvsuf
]]þedAÁmeftvdkonf umrESifh,SOfaom tvdkom jzpf&rnf}} [k ]]om}} [laom {uefpum;vHk;jzifh
a&;om;um umrwPSm\ tm½kHe,fy,fü xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;? A[d'¨gAr®m[laom "r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifh
tnD edAÁmefonf twGif;cE¨mig;yg; tZÑwåw&m;ü ryg0ifaom tjyifty A[d'¨w&m; jzpfygvsuf
tZÑwåcE¨mig;yg;ü xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;? þenf;þyHktm;jzifh or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUonf edAÁmef\
oabmw&m;udk r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuHzsufqD;xm;aMumif;jzifh apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdUu pGJcsufwifjy
apm'emMuonf/

tpodkU
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ aom"emü tusOf;aumufEkwfcsuf

pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifonf okwåedygwf jrefrmjyef rm*@d,okwf pmrsufESm 386-rS ]]tZÑwåü
jzpfaom udavomwkdU jidrf;&m edAÁmefudk jrifjyD}} [laom rm*@d,okwfvm pum;ukd udk;um;jyD;vQif
edAÁmefonf A[d'¨w&m;r[kwf? tZÑwåw&m;om jzpfygaMumif; jyefvnfacsyrI aom"em ûyoGm;onf/
0denf;"dk&fyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ a0zefpdppfcsuf
12/ (u) aumufEkwfcsuf (edAÁmef)
edAÁme (ed+0g) [laom pum;\ teuft"dyÜm,f trSefudkjy&aomf twdwfb0[laom
½kyfemrfcE¨mESifh ypöKyÜefb0[laom ½kyfemrfcE¨mudkvnf;aumif;? ypöKyÜefb0 ½kyfemrfcE¨mESifh tem*wfb0
½kyfemrfcE¨mudk vnf;aumif;? tusKd;½kyfemrfw&m;ESifh taMumif;ukodkvf tukodkvfuHudk vnf;aumif;?
tqufrjywfatmif zGJUpyfwwfaom wPSmudk 0ge[k ac:\/
xdk0ge[k ac:tyfaom wPSm\ awmifhw&m tm½kHe,fedrdwfESifh vHk;0 rqufrpyf
tvGwfowfowfjzpfaom y&rwfw&m;udk ed0ge = edAÁme = edAÁmef [kac:onf/
0ge = wPSmrS
ed = xGufcGmaom w&m;? uif;½Sif;aom w&m;
edAÁme = wPSmESifh rqufrpyf tvGwfoufouf jzpfaom w&m;/
(yg&mZduPf t|uxm? 'k? 184/ okwfr[m0g t|uxm? 56)
þtwkdif;om t"dyÜm,ftrSefjzpf\/ xdkUaMumifh or®m'd|d okawoe tzGJUcsKyfu xkwfa0aom
edAÁmef zGifhqkda&;om;csufrsm;rSm xifrdxif&m vGJrSm;pGm a&;om;xm;aom pum;rsm;om jzpfonf[k
a0zefawmfrlMuonf/
(c) (*) aumufEkwfcsuf (emrfESifh edAÁmef)

13/ edAÁmefudk ½kyfw&m;wkdU\ *kPf[k a&;om;xm;MuonfrSm Ak'ömoemawmf\ jyifbuf
rdpäm0g'DwkdU\ pum;om jzpf\/ a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPf[laom emrfw&m;rsm;onf ½kyfw&m;\
*kPfr[kwfouJhodkU edAÁmefonfvnf; ½kyfw&m;\ *kPfr[kwf? tvGefacsmnufaom opfom;ysOfjym;rS
xGufvmaom ta&mifonf xkdopfom;\ ta&mifjzpfaomfvnf; xkda0'em ponfwkdUESifh edAÁmefonfum;
½kyfw&m;rS xGufay:vmaom ta&mift½Sdeft0g r[kwfyJ ½kyfw&m;rS oD;jcm;jzpfaom
y&rwfw&m;rQomwnf;/ þpum;t& pk'dwu OD;Ouú| 0g'DwkdUonf ½kyf0g'orm;jzpfaMumif;
twyfodEkdifMuayonf/
emrfw&m;udk ½kyf\*kPf[k qkdMuojzifh avmuü ½kyfonfom tajccHtrSefw&m;[k
qdk&ma&mufonf/ xdkUxuf qkd;0g;onfrSm edAÁmefudkyif ½kyf\*kPf[k qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ þodkUqkdjcif;jzifh

tpodkU
Ak'ömoemawmfü ½Sdaom emrfw&m;? edAÁmefw&m;wkdUudk ½kyf0g'xJodkU twif;qGJoGif;MuaMumif;

v,fjyifqifoGm;ouJhodkU xif½Sm;vSayonf/
(*) aumufEkwfcsuf (edAÁmefvdkcsifrI)

14/ Ak'¨0dyóem (1) ESm 45-ü vmaom pum;&yf tjynfhtpHkrSm-
]]edAÁmefcsrf;omudk wrifawmifhw cHpm;vdkí tm;xkwfygu þedAÁmeftvdkonf
umrESifh,SOfaom tvdkom jzpfayrnf/ umrygvmvQif wPSmjzpfaeí xkdawmifhwrIrsKd;ESifhom
vkyfygu rnfrQtm;xkwftm;xkwf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ r*fzdkvfESifh reD;Edkifay}} [k jzpfonf/
þodkUa&;om;xm;jcif;jzifh ]]edAÁmefcsrf;omudk wrifawmifhw cHpm;vdkí tm;xkwfvQif
umrwPSmjzpfonf/ xkdawmifhwrIrsKd;jzifh tm;xkwfvQif r*fzdkvfr&Ekdif? xkdawmifhwrIrsKd;jzifh tm;rxkwf&}}
[k qkdvdk\/
apm'u q&mawmfwkdUurl-
xdkukodkvfqE´jzifh edAÁmefudk tm½kHûyí awmifhw&rnfom jzpfonf[k qkdvdkonf/ xkdpum;ESpf&yfudk
oHk;oyfpdppfonf½Sdaomf apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkU xkwfjytyfaom "r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD edAÁmefonf
(wPSm'd|dwkdU\ tm½kHjzpfaom avmuDuH\ tusKd;vnf;r[kwf? wPSm'd|dwnf;[laom Oyg'gef
tm½kHvnf; r[kwfaom) tEkyg'dPÖ tEkyg'ged, w&m;jzpfaomaMumifh y&rwfjzpfaom edAÁmeftppfudk
wPSmavmbjzifh tm½kHûyum awmifhwí rjzpfEdkif? oHrD;cJ&J&JMuD;ay:ü ,ifaumif ruyfEkdif? rpm;Ekdif
ouJhodkU xkdUtwl avmuDtm½kH umr*kPfü arGUavsmfaysmfyg; usufpm;avh&Sdaom wPSmonf
umr*kPfcsrf;om tenf;i,frQ rygaom edAÁmefcsrf;omtppfukd b,ftcgrQ tm½kHrûyEkdif? rawmifhwEdkif?
wPSmavmb omru aomwmywåd r*¾0Dxd0,f aomwmywådr*f\a½SU a*gMwblpdwfrSvGJí ykxkZOfwkdU\
rnfonfhpdwfurQ edAÁmeftppfudk tm½kHrûyEkdif? xkdUaMumifh ]]edAÁmefcsrf;omudk wrifawmifhw cHpm;vdkí
tm;xkwfygu þedAÁmeftvdkonf umrESifh,SOfaom tvdkom jzpfayrnf}} [laom pum;&yfonf
tvGJtrSm; oufoufom jzpfayrnf/
]]umrygvmvQif wPSmjzpfaeí xkdawmifhwrIrsKd;ESifh vkyfygu rnfrQtm;xkwftm;xkwf
rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ r*fzdkvfESifh reD;Ekdifay}} [laom pk'dwu pum;&yfudk aphpyfaocsmpGm pdppfygrl (uxH ye
avmukwå&"ar® tm&AÅ tmom OyÜZÆwDwd e acg yaewH {0H '|AÁH/ e tm&r®Pu&P0aoe ww¬ yd[m
y0wåwd? t0do,wåm yk*¾vó p te"d*wbm0awm/ tEkó0lyva'¨ ye tEkwå&0darmau© O'´dó yd[H
OyÜga'aEÅm wwå yd[H OyÜga'wd emr/ (pwkuúedygwf t*Fkwå&#Dum 338))ykxkZOfwkdUü edAÁmefudk rSef;qí
vdkcsifawmifhwonfhtcg odrfarGUonfh yd[mac:aom wPSmjzpfEkdif\/ xkdodrfarGUaom wPSmonfum;
y&rwåjzpfaom edAÁmeftppfudk tm½kHûyonfr[kwfyJ wpfqifhMum;jzifh a&mf&rf;rSef;qí edAÁmef\ jidrf;at;yHk
tjcif;t&m tmum&ynwf (edAÁmeftwk) udkom tm½kHûy awmifhwaejcif; jzpfonf/ xkdodrfarGUaom

tpodkU
yd[mac:aom wPSmjzifh 0#fjrpfjzpfaom ]]0#³rlvdum}} wPSmudk y,f&rnf[k a[mawmfrlaom

a'oemawmfudk (t*FkwådK&f pwkuú? 462? 463) rS xkwfEkwfí tenf;i,f azmfjyvdkayonf/
tcgwpfyg;ü &[ef;rwpfa,mufonf t½SiftmeE´m tay:ü pGJrufaom pdwfjzpfum
a,mufsm;wpfa,mufudk t½SiftmeE´m yifhay;&ef apcdkif;vkduf&m t½SiftmeE´mvnf; MuGvmawmfrlonf/
xkd&[ef;ronf t½SiftmeE´mudk jrifvQif acgif;jrD;ûcHí tdyfaeonf/ t½SiftmeE´mu &dyfpm;rdí ]]ESr
þudk,fonf tm[m&aMumifh jzpf\/ tm[m&udk rSDí tm[m&udk y,f&rnf/ wPSmudkrSDí wPSmudk
y,f&rnf/ rmeudkrSDí rmeudk y,f&rnf/ arxkefürlum; taMumif;udk owf&rnf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mawmfrl\}} [k pum;cif;í tus,fa[mawmfrl\/
wPSmudkrSDí wPSmudk y,f&rnf [laom pum;\ tus,ft"dyÜg,frSm &[ef;wpfyg;onf
tjcm;&[ef;wpfyg;\ t&[wåzdkvf &oGm;aMumif; owif;pum;udk Mum;&í tb,ftcgü igonfvnf;
t&[wåzdkvf &ygrnfenf;[k tMuHjzpf\/ xkd&[ef;onf t&[wåzdkvfudk awmifhwonfh wPSmudkrSDí
0#fjrpfjzpfaom ]]0#³rlvdum}} wPSmudk y,favonf ponfjzifh a[mjyonfhtcg t½SiftmeE´m tay:ü
pGJvrf;onfh qE´&m*uif;í t½SiftmeE´mudk uefawmh0efcsavonf/
xdkt&[wåzdkvfudk awmifhwonfh wPSmonf rSD0Jxkduf? vufcHxkdufaom ]]ao0dwAÁ}} wPSmjzpfí
y#doaE¨ tusKd;udk ray;Ekdif? xkdao0dwAÁ wPSmjzifh eduEÅd wPSmudk y,f&rnf[k ,if;t|uxm ESm-340
ü jyqkdavonf/
wPSmudkrSDí r*fzdkvfw&m; jzpfEkdifyHkudk y|mef;ygVdawmf-y-ESm 149? 150 ü-
]]&m*H Oyedó,/y/ r*¾H OyÜma'wd/y/ ormywåð OyÜma'wd &ma*g/y/ zvormywåd,m
Oyedó, ypöa,e ypöa,m}}
[k a[mawmfrlonf/ t"dyÜm,fum; ]]&m*udkrSDí 'geudk ay;vª\/ oDvudkaqmufwnf\/
OykofapmihfoHk;rIudk ûy\/ psmef? 0dyóem? r*f? tbdnmOf? ormywfudk jzpfap\/ &m*onf
zvormywftm; Oyedó, ypönf;jzifh aus;Zl;ûy\[k qkdvdkonf/ OD;Ouú|wkdUonf þodkUaom
y|mef;qufudk em;rvnfí qkdrSm;rd&SmMu\/
azmfjyyg usrf;*efrsm;ESifhtnD edAÁmefudkawmifhwí ukodkvfw&m;wkdUudk
yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfoifhonfom jzpfayonf/
xkdUaMumifh ]]umrygvmvQif wPSmjzpfaeí xkdawmifhwrIrsKd;ESifhom vkyfygu
rnfrQtm;xkwftm;xkwf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ r*fzdkvfESifh reD;Ekdifay}} [laom t,lonf azmfjycJhjyD;aom
t*FkwådK&f ygVdawmf? y|mef;ygVdawmfwkdUESifh ajzmifhajzmifhqefUusifaomaMumifh t"r®0g'om jzpfonf[k
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwkdU qHk;jzwfawmf rlMuonf/

tpodkU
(C) (i) aumufEkwfcsuf (A[d'ëdAÁmef)

15/ A[d'¨g"r®m [laom "r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD edAÁmefonf cE¨mig;yg;rS tjyifty
A[d'¨w&m;jzpfaMumif; apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUu wifjyxm;ayonf/ ,if;wkdU wifjyxm;jcif;onf-
]]"r®m,weH tocFwH cEäwm XaywGm pwl[d caE¨[d/y/ o*F[dwH/ pwåm&d opömed
tocFwH cEäwm XaywGm/y/ o*F[dwmed}}
[lí toacFwedAÁmefonf cE¨mig;yg;ü r0ifyJ cE¨mig;yg;rS tvGwfoD;oefU y&rwfw&m;jzpfaMumif;
a[mawmfrlxm;aom "mwkuxm ygVdawmf (6?10) ESifh nDñGwf\/ ty&d,myEém "r®m? tocFwm "r®m?
[laom "r®o*FPD ygVdawmfESifhtnD edAÁmefonf ocFwe,fy,fü ryg0ifûyjyifzefwD;í r&aom w&m;jzpfí
A[d'¨pifppf jzpfayonf/
odkUygvsuf pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifonf okwåedygwf? rm*@d,okwfudk om"utjzpf
xkwfjyjyD;vQif xkdom"uudk vGJrSm;pGm t"dyÜm,fqufpyf aumuf,lum ]]edAÁmefonf A[d'¨w&m;r[kwf?
tZÑwåw&m;om jzpfygonf}} [k jyefvnfacsyoGm;\/ xdkrm*@d,okwfü-
]]tZÑwå oEÅð ypdeH t'óH - tZÑwåoEÅmefü jzpfaom udavomudk jidrf;&medAÁmefudk jrifjyD}}
[laom pum;onf ocifjrwfqdkif\ ta&;ygqHk;aom om"u jzpf\/ xkdpum;ü ocifjrwfqdkifonf
]tZÑwåoEÅmefü jzpfaom udavom} [lí pum;rqufpyfyJ ]tZÑwåoEÅmefü jzpfaomedAÁmef} [k ckefausmfí
pum;qufpyf t"dyÜm,f ,lrdonfhtwGuf edAÁmefudk tZÑwåw&m;[k t,ltq vGJrSm;oGm;jcif; jzpf\/
]tZÑwåoEÅmefü jzpfaom} [laom emr0daooe pum;&yfonf ]udavom} [laom aemufyk'fukdom
txl;ûyí qufpyfonf/ ]udavomwkdU\ jidrf;&m} [laom pum;onfom ]edAÁmef} [laom pum;ESifh
qufpyf\/ ]tZÑwåoEÅmefüjzpfaom} [laom pum;rygyJ udavomwkdU\ jidrf;&medAÁmef[k qkdvQifvnf;
jyD;jynfhpHkonf/ odkUaomf udavom[lonf wpfjcm;udavomr[kwf ]tZÑwåü jzpfaom udavom} [k
odomap&efom xnfhjcif; jzpf\/
ocifjrwfqdkifESifhwuG or®m'd|d okawoeorm;wkdUonf (¤if;wkdU 0efcHazmfjycsuftwkdif;)
yxrMuD;? yxrausmf? "r®mp&d,wdkU oif,l&onfh "mwfenf;? t"dyÜm,faumufenf;? ygVdo'´genf;wkdUudk
roifzl;Mu½Smojzifh ,ckvdk t"dyÜm,frSefatmif raumufwwf r,lwwfyJ csmvnfvnfaeMujcif; jzpf\/
yd#uwf pmayonfum; o'´g tbd"r®m tajccHr½SdbJ 0w¬KzwfovdkzwfjyD; xajymaeMuorQ
rnfonfhtcgrQ trSef&rnf r[kwfacs/ owdûyMu&ef tcsufaywnf;/ xdkrm*@d,okwf pum;0gus\
tao;pdwf qkdvdk&if; t"dyÜm,frSm -
udavomwkdUonf owå0gwdkU\ cE¨mtpOfrS tjyifty A[d'¨w&m;r[kwf? owå0gwkdU\
cE¨mtpOfü yg0ifvsuf jzpfay:aeonfh twGif;cH tZÑwåw&m;jzpf\/ edAÁmefum; xkdtwGif;cH tZÑwå
udavomwkdU\ csKyfjidrf;uif;a0;aMumif;jzpfaom A[d'¨w&m;jzpf\/ xdkA[d'¨jzpfaom edAÁmefw&m;udk
igjrifawmfrljyD[k qkdvdkonf/

tpodkU
þodkUvQif edAÁmefonf A[d'¨pifppf jzpfayonf/ edAÁmefESifhpyfí pk'dwuwkdU ,lqa&;om;xm;aom

tcsuftvufrsm;onf ,ckjycJhjyD; pdppfcsuft& yd#uwfusrf;*efESifh rnDrñGwf rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfaom
awG;awmMuHpnfcsufrsm;om jzpfí t"r®0g'jzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; tnDtñGwf qHk;jzwfawmf
rlMuonf/

tpodkU

EkdifiHawmf oD;jcm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf (2)
apm'em trSwf-17
"r®pMum vufopfESifh pyfvsOf;onfh 0dedpä,
or®m'd|d okawoe tzGJU0ifwkdU\ Mo0g'ay; q&mMuD; vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMum vufopfESifh
pyfvsOf;í apm'em aom"em ESpf&yfudk 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfwkdU\ a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf/
1/ trSwf (17) apm'emü apm'u q&mawmfrsm;u awmifwGif;MuD; OD;Ouú| a&;om;aom
vlaovljzpf pmtkyfrS xkwfEkwfí ]]'d|"ar®m}} paom yk'fwkdUudk OD;Ouú|u vGJrSm;pGm
teufjyefqkdxm;yHkudkvnf;aumif;? xdk ]]'d|"ar®m}} paom yk'frsm;rSm "r®pMum ponfwkdUüygaom
bk&m;a[mygVdawmf tppftrSef jzpfygvsuf OD;Ouú|\ teufjyefqkdyHkrSm vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh udkufnDatmif
r[kwfrw&m; jyefqdkxm;yHkudkvnf;aumif;? ]]twå0g'ESifh wm0wðom tbd"r®m}} pmtkyfrS xkwfEkwfí
]]Zmwdyd 'kau©m}} paom yk'fwkdUudk tbd"r®m q&mpdef qkdolu vGJrSm;pGm jyefqdkxm;yHkudk vnf;aumif;
wifjyavQmufxm;Muonf/
2/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u 0daooapm'emudk wifoGif;&mü ]]'d|"ar®m}} paom yk'frsm;udk
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m; tvkdawmfus jyefqkdxm;yHk q&mawmf OD;Ak"f\ teufrSefudk vnf;aumif;? rZÑdredum,f?
Oy&dyPÖmo t|uxm ESm 66 ESifhtnD OD;Ak"f jyefqdkxm;yHkudk vnf;aumif;? q&mawmf OD;Ak"f
jyefqdkcsufonf 0de,yd#u om&w¬'DyeD#Dum r[mcEü yOö0*¾d,uxm "r®puúy0wåeokwf\ tzGifhESifh
udkufnDyHkudkvnf;aumif; wdwdusus avQmufxm;Muonf/
odkUjzpfí OD;Ouú|ESifh tbd"r®m q&mpdefwkdU\ "r®pMumvufopfonf ]]ax&0g'
yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifhtnD q&mpOfquf teufjrefrm jyefqkdxm;Muaom "r®pMuma'oemawmfrsm;ESifh
vHk;0qefUusifaeaomaMumifh t"r®0g'rsm;om jzpfaMumif;? t"r®0g'rsm;udk vdkufemaeMu olwkdUonfvnf;
t"r®0g'Drsm;om jzpfaMumif;}} apm'emvTm wifoGif;Muavonf/
3/ ,if;apm'emcsufudk pk'dwujzpfaom or®m'd|d okawoe tzGJUcsKyfu acsy&mü apm'u
q&mawmfrsm; wifjyxm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;acsyjcif;rûyyJ OD;Ouú|taejzihf "r®pMumudk
av;pm;aMumif;rQudkom azmfjyí Ak'¨tbd"r®m pmtkyfudk avhvm&efom ñTefjyMuavonf/ xdkacsycsufum;
apm'emcsufESifh rqdkifojzifh 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;u vspfvsL½IawmfrlMuonf/
ocifjrwfqdkif\ acsycsuf
4/ pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifu acsy&mü
(u) 'd|"ar®m = jriftyfjyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonfjzpfí [laom q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\
jyefqkdcsufudk [kwf r[kwf racsyvdkaMumif;/

tpodkU
(c) ½SifOuú|u 'd|"ar®m qkdaom pum;\ yifudk,ft"dyÜm,frSm rsufjrifoabm

jzpfavawmh\ [k qkdaMumif;/
(*) v,fwDq&mawmf bk&m;MuD;\ y&rwå'DyeD tzGifhrSm ]]jriftyfaom opömw&m;}} [k
awGU&ygonf/ ]jyD;} [laom twdwfumvoabm ryg/
(C) xkdtcsdefu t½Sifaum@nonf aomwmyefom jzpfí ]jrifjyD;} [k rqkdxkdufao;?
t&[wåzdkvf qkdufa&mufrSom ]jrifjyD;} [k qdkxkdufaMumif;/
(i) xkdUaMumifh 'd|"ar®mpaom yk'fwkdUü (jyD;aom) [laom twdwfpum;vHk;udk
vufrcHEdkifaMumif;/
(p) "r®pMumudk jyefqkdMu&mü rlvygVd oufoufudkom apwemtavsmuf
udk,fhbmompum;udk udk,fuRrf;usiforQjzifh jyefqkdMujcif;omjzpfí toHk;uGJjym;
aeMuapumrl rl&if;t"dyÜm,f uGmjcm;csuf r½SdaMumif;/
(q) ½SifOuú| jyefqkdcsufonf rlv"r®pMumyg teuft"dyÜm,fudk ajymif;vJaponf[lí
rawGU&aMumif;? Ak'¨\ a[mcsufESifh qefUusifonf[k rawGU&aMumif;-
acsyavQmufxm;avonf/
5/ ,if; apm'em aom"em ESpf&yfudk aphpyfaocsmpGm avhvmoHk;oyfonf½Sdaomf
ocifjrwfqkdifonf ]]q&mawmf OD;Ak"f\ jyefqkdcsufudk [kwfr[kwf racsyvdkyg}} [k qkdaomfvnf; (C) (i)
aumufEkwfcsuf pum;&yfwkdUjzifh acsyy,f½Sm;jyD; jzpfaeonfudk awGU&ayonf/
'd|"ar®m ponf &Sif;vif;csuf

6/ ]]'d|}} paom yk'fwkdUü w-ypönf;onf twdwfudkvnf; a[mEkdif\/ umvoHk;yg;udkvnf;
a[mEdkif\/ t½Sifaum@nonf aomwmywådr*f tckdufü opömav;yg;udk jrifqJjzpfí aomwmywådr*f\
tjcm;rJhzdkvfrSpí opömav;yg;udk jrifjyD;[k qkdEkdif&efum; ]]jriftyfjyD;aom opömw&m;½Sdonf}} [laom
q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\ jyefqdkcsufonf tvGefoifhjrwfvSayonf/
7/ ½SifOuú|u 'd|"ar®m = rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\ [k qdkxm;&m ('d|udk rsufjrif+
"r®udk oabm) [k qkdvdk\/ ]]'d|"ar®m}} ü ]]'d|}} o'´gonf rsufjrif? ÓPfjrif ESpfrsKd;udk a[mEkdifaomfvnf;
þt&mü ywå = a&muftyf? 0d'dw = odtyf[laom aemufyk'frsm;udk axmufí rsufjrifudk ra[m?
ÓPfjrifudkom a[monf/ xkdUaMumifh om&w¬'DyeD#Dum? "r®puúy0wåeokwf tzGifhpmrsufESm 182 ü-
{w¦ 8 'óeH emr ÓP'óeawm tnrÜd?
tw¬Dwd wH ed0wåew¬H ywå"ar®m wd0kwåH -
[k zGifhjyawmfrl\/

tpodkU
t"dyÜm,fum; -]]þ 'd|"ar®m [laom yk'fü jrifjcif;rnfonf ÓPfjrifjzpf&um; ÓPfjrifrSwyg;

tjcm;jrifjcif;udk epfapjcif;tusKd;iSm ]]ywå"ar®m}} [k a[mawmfrljcif; jzpfonf/
8/ "r®o'´gonfvnf; (1) oabm? (2) y&d,wf? (3) ynm? (4) toifh,kwåd? (5) opöm? (6)
yuwd? (7) aumif;rI? (8) aÚ ,sw&m; ig;yg;? (9) aus;Zl;? (10) tusifh? (11) orm"d? (12) owåZD0rS
uif;qdwfonf\ tjzpf? (13) tmywf? (14) taMumif; paom teufwkdUukd a[mEkdif\/ þ'd|"ar®m
paom yk'frsm;ü ygaom "r®o'´gonf opöm[laom teufudkom a[monf/ oabmpaom teufwkdUudk
ra[m? xkdUaMumifh t*Fkwå&edum,f? t|uedygwf? t|uxm ESm 215 ü 'da|m t&d,opö"ar®m {awemwd
'd|"ar®m [lí zGifhjyawmfrlonf/ t"dyÜm,fum; ]]jriftyfjyD;aom t&d,opömw&m; ½SdaomaMumifh 'd|"r®
rnf\}} [k qkdvdkonf/ xkdUaMumifh ('d|"ar®m = rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\) [laom vlaovljzpf
OD;Ouú|\ teufonf rlvygVdawmfESifh vnf;aumif;? t|uxm? #DumwkdUESifh vnf;aumif;
tvGefqefUusifonfhtjyif rSm;,Gif;aom teufom jzpfonf/
9/ {o ea,m aooya'okyd = MuGif;aom yk'fwkdUüvnf; þenf;wlyifwnf;[k zGifhjyaom
t|uxmESifh tnD-
ywå"ar®m = a&muftyfjyD;aom opömw&m;½Sdonf jzpfí
0d'dw"ar®m = odtyfjyD;aom w&m;½Sdonfjzpfí?
y&da,m*gV§"ar®m = ÚmPfjzihf ouf0iftyfjyD;aom opömw&m;½Sdonfjzpfí-
[laom q&mawmf OD;Ak"f\ teufay;enf;onfomvQif yd#uwfusrf;*efESifh nDñGwfaom teufrSefrsm;
jzpfayonf/ vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|\
ywå"ar®m = em;Mum;oabm jzpfavawmh\/
0d'dw"ar®m = ESmacgif;ESifh vQmawGUoabm jzpfavawmh\/
y&da,m*gV§"ar®m = udk,fum,wpfckvHk; ysHUESHUí (0g) pdrfhxHkí tusKd;&aom re? awGU
(0g) [',awGUoabm jzpfavawmh\-
[laom teufum; ynm½SdwdkU\ em;ü Mum;íyif ravsmfaom teufrsm; jzpfayonf/ yd#uwfusrf;*efESifh
ESD;aESmwkdufqkdifrIrûyyJ rdrdxifovdk jyefqkdxm;aomaMumifh tvGef½kyfysufqif;ysuf EkdifvSaom teufrsm;
jzpfayonf/ þodkU jzpfygvsuf ]]rlvygVdoufoufudkom apwemtavsmuf udk,fhbmompum;ukd
udk,fuRrf;usiforQjzifh jyefqkdMujcif;omjzpfí toHk;tEIef; uGJjym;aeMuapumrl rl&if;t"dyÜm,fESifh
uGmjcm;csuf r½Sdyg}} [laom ocifjrwfqkdif\ acsycsufonf rdrdq&m ½SifOuú|bufrS
umuG,fzmax;½kHrQomjzpfí tvQif;,kwåd uif;rJhjyD; usrf;*efrS aoGzDaom pum;jzpfacsonf/
10/ þü apwemtavsmuf[laom ocifjrwfqdkif\ pum;udkvnf; pOf;pm;oihfayonf/
apwemqkdwdkif; aumif;onfr[kwf? y&rwåoabmt& apwemonf aumif;aom ukodkvfapwem?
raumif;aom tukodkvfapwem[lí ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;&Sd&m ocifjrwfqdkif\ q&mjzpfol OD;Ouú|onf 'd|"ar®m

tpodkU
paom "r®pMumygVdudk teufjyefqkd&mü vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh udkufnDatmif raumif;aom

tukodkvfapwemqkd;jzifh teufjyefqkdxm;jcif;jzpfonf[k qdk&zG,f ½Sdaeonf/ trSefpifppf OD;Ouú|\
vlaovljzpf0g'ü azmfjyxm;aom pmykd'frsm;um; yk'fteuf rSm;,Gif;½kHrQomru jrwfAk'ä'oemawmfudk
usL;ausmfapmfum; zsufqD;xm;aom pmydk'frsm;om jzpfayonf/ rSef\/ vlaovljzpf pmtkyf ESm 4? 5 ü -
]]vlom;onf vlaovQif vlomjzpf\ [laom obm0rSefudk oabmaygufwmESifh
wpfûydifeuf 'd|"r® = rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\/ y/ ty&yÜpöa,m = i&J½SpfxyfESifh
xufewfjA[®m qkdtyfwJh wpfyg;aom bHkawG b0awGudk oGm;zdkUa&mufzkdU taMumif;
rjzpfawmhonfudk wduspGm odjrifjcif;odkU a&mufayvdrhfrnf/}}
[k jyqkdxm;\/ xdkpmydk'fjzifhyif vlaovQif vljzpf\ [laom obm0udk oabmaygufvQif 'd|"r® paom
*kPfwkdUESifh jynhfpHkonfh aomwmyefjzpfonf[k OD;Ouú|u qkdxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ trSefrSm vlaovQif
vlomjzpf\[k oabmaygufaeolonf aomwmyef rjzpf½kHrQru rdpäm'd|dppfppfom jzpfonfudk pGJqkdcsuf
trSwf (2) apm'emü pdppfxm;jyD; jzpfonf/
ocifjrwfqkdif\ acsyvTmudk pdppfoHk;oyfjcif;

11/ þtrSwf (1) apm'emü OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMum vufopftay: pGJqkdcsufESifh ywfoufí
pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifu-
]]v,fwDq&mawmf\ y&rw¬ 'DyeD tzGifhrSm jriftyfaom opömw&m;[k awGU&ygonf/ (jyD;aom)
qkdaom twdwfumv oabm rygyg bk&m;? (jyD;aom) twdwfpum;vHk;udk vufrcHEdkifaMumif;
avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;-
[lí v,fwDq&mawmfMuD;\ y&rw¬'DyeDudk udk;um;í acsyxm;onfudk awGU&onf/ ocifjrwfqkdif\
þacsycsufudk pdppf&mwGif usrf;trnfupí rSm;,Gif;aeonfudk awGU&onf/ v,fwDq&mawmfMuD;\
y&rw¬'DyeDqkdonfrSm ocifjrwfqkdif xifaeouJhokdU "r®pMumokwf\ tzGifhusrf; r[kwf? tbd"r®w¬o*F[
ac: oû*Ø[fusrf;\ tzGifh#Dumusrf;omjzpfonf/ jrefrmbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;aom usrf;vnf;r[kwf?
ygVdbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;aom usrf;jzpfonf/ þuJhokdU usrf;*ef\ oabmobm0udk rodem;rvnfyJ
y&rw¬'DyeDwGif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;MuD; a&;om;xm;av[ef acsyjcif;onf ocifjrwfqkdif\
yxrtrSm;usL;vGefjcif;om jzpfonf/
12/ 'kwd,trSm;udk usL;vGefonfrSm ]]y&rw¬'DyeD tzGifhrSm jriftyfaom opömw&m;[k
awGU&ygonf/ (jyD;aom) qkdaom twdwfumvoabm rygyg bk&m}} [laom acsycsufyif jzpfonf/
þacsycsufonf q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\ teufudk v,fwDq&mawmf\ teufjzifh acsy&ef êud;pm;xm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ ocifjrwfqkdifonf ,if;odkUacsyaomfvnf; v,fwDq&mawmf\ "r®pMumedó,udk awGUzl;[ef
rwlacs/ q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\ rlESifh v,fwDq&mawmf\ rlrsm;udk yl;wGJí (1955 ck? 1956 ck? 1958 ck?

tpodkU
1961 ck? 1962 ck? 1965 ck) q|rtMudrftjzpf [Hom0wD yHkESdyfwkdufrS xkwfa0aom v,fwDrl "r®pMum
edó,ü ]'d|"ar®m} paom ygVdrsm;udk q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\ edó,enf;wl (jriftyfjyD;) (a&muftyfjyD;)
(odtyfjyD;) [lí twdwfpum;vHk;jzifh wdwdusus aoaocsmcsm teufjyefqdkxm;ayonf/ ocifjrwfqkdif
acsyouJhokdU jriftyfaom opömw&m;[k v,fwDq&mawmfu teufjyefqdkjcif; tvQif;rûycJh/ xkdUaMumifh
jriftyfaomopömw&m;[k awGU&ygonfqkdaom ocifjrwfqkdif\ acsycsufonf 'kwd,trSm;udk
usL;vGefjcif;om jzpfayonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh v,fwDq&mawmf\ ÚmPfynm MuD;rm;rIudk tvGJoHk;pm;
ûyusifh&mvnf; a&mufayonf/
13/ aomwmyefjzpfvQif opömav;yg; w&m;udk jrifjyD;[k rkcs{uef qkd&rnf jzpfaomaMumifh
]]xdktcsdefu t½Sifaum@nonf aomwmyefom jzpfí ]]jrifjyD;}} [k rqdkxkdufao;? t&[wåzdkvf
qkdufa&mufrSom ]]jrifjyD;}} [k qkdxkdufaMumif;}} acsyaom ocifjrwfqkdif\ pum;onf wwd,trSm;ukd
usL;vGef&m a&mufayonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ocifjrwfqkdifonf tbd"r®m (y&rw¬) oabmESifh
yd#uwfusrf;*efwkdU\ tqkdtrdefUudk oabmraygufaMumif;rSm xif½Sm;vSayonf/
"r®pMum rloHk;rsKd;udk rSm;rSef,SOfjyjcif;

14/ 'd|"ar®m paom "r®pMumygVdawmfrsm;udk teufjrefrm jyefqkd&mü Ak'¨0g'D okawoDwdkUtzdkU
trSm;trSef 0d0g' uGJjym;Muap&ef q&mawmfOD;Ak"f\rl? v,fwDq&mawmf rlwkdUESifh OD;Ouú|\ rlwkdUudk
atmufygtwdkif; yl;wGJí EIdif;,SOfazmfjy vdkufayonf/
tx acg? xkdaomwmyef jzpfjyD;aom tcgü/ tm,o®m tnmod aum@anm? t½Sif
tnmodaum@nonf-
(1) 'd|"ar®m = jriftyfjyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonfjzpfí (OD;Ak"f "r®pMum? teufrSef)
'd|"ar®m = udk,fwdkifjriftyfjyD;aom w&m;½Sdonf jzpfí (v,fwD "r®pMum? teufrSef)
'd|"ar®m = rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\/ (vlaovljzpf "r®pMum? teufrSm;)
(2) ywå"ar®m = a&muftyfjyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonfjzpfí? (OD;Ak"f "r®pMum? teufrSef)
ywå"ar®m = udk,fwkdifqkdufa&muf tyfjyD;aom w&m;½donfjzpfí? (v,fwD "r®pMum?
teufrSef)
ywå"ar®m = em;Mum;oabm jzpfavawmh\/ (vlaovljzpf "r®pMum? teufrSm;)
(3) 0d'dw"ar®m = odtyfjyD;aom opömw&m;½Sdonfjzpfí? (OD;Ak"f "r®pMum? teufrSef)
0d'dw"ar®m = ukd,fwkdifodtyfjyD;aom w&m;½Sdonfjzpfí? (v,fwD "r®pMum? teufrSef)
0d'dw"ar®m = ESmacgif;ESifh vQmawGU oabm jzpfavawmh\/ (vlaovljzpf "r®pMum?
teufrSm;)

tpodkU
(4) y&da,m*gV§"ar®m = ÚmPfjzifh ouf0iftyfjyD;aom opömw&m; ½Sdonfjzpfí (OD;Ak"f

"r®pMum? teufrSef)
y&da,m*gV§"ar®m = udk,fydkifÚmPfjzifh ouf0iftyfjyD;aom w&m;½Sdonfjzpfí (v,fwD
"r®pMum? teufrSef)
y&da,m*gV§"ar®m = udk,fum,wpfckvHk; ysHUESHUí? (0g) pdrfhxHkí tusKd;&aom reawGU (0g)
[',awGUoabm jzpfavawmh\/ (vlaovljzpf "r®pMum? teufrSm;)
15/ þodkU ponfjzifh "r®pMumrl oHk;rsKd;wdkU\ teufjyefqkdyHkudk EIdif;,SOfMunfh½IygvQif
q&mawmf OD;Ak"f\ teufESifh v,fwDq&mawmfwdkU\ teufrSm yd#uwfusrf;*efESifh nDñGwfí
rl&if;t"dyÜm,f wlonfukd awGU&onf/ t½Sifaum@nonf r*fÚmPfjzifh opömw&m;udk jrifonf[laom
t"dyÜm,frSef xGuf&Sdayonf/ OD;Ouú|\ teufrlum; rsufjrifoabm jzpfavawmh\[k qdkojzifh
ÚmPfjzifhjrifjcif; r[kwf? ½dk;½dk;vlrsm;uJhokdU yuwdrsufvHk;jzifh jrifonf[laom t"dyÜm,fxGuf½Sdonf/
(u) q&mawmf OD;Ak"fESifh v,fwDq&mawmfwkdU\ "r®pMumu opömav;yg;udk r*fÚmPfjzifh
jrifjcif; t"dyÜm,fukd jyqkdonf/
(c) OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMumu vlaovljzpfudk rsufpdjzihf jrifjcif;t"dyÜm,fukd jyqkdonf/
pdeftppfESifh csufausmufuJhodkU tESpfom& vGefpGm jcm;em;Muayonf/ trSefpifppf OD;Ouú|onf
(p-o-C-Z-u) [laom rsufjrif? em;Mum;? ESmacgif;awGU? vQmawGU? udk,fawGU[laom yom'½kyf-5-
yg;udkom vufcHvdkonfh ½kyf0g'DwpfOD; jzpfaomaMumifh bk&m;a[m "r®pMumukd vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh
udkufnDatmif rdrdvdk&modkU qGJí rSm;,Gif;pGm teufay;xm;aMumif; ay:vGifaeayonf/
tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ "r®pMumteufudk pdppfjcif;

16/ bk&m;a[m "r®pMum ygVdawmfrsm;udk OD;Ouú|u vlaovljzpf0g'ESifh udkufnDatmif
teufjyefqdkxm;&mü rSm;,Gif;yHk taMumif;udk pdppfoHk;oyfjyD;aemuf ,ckwpfzef tbd"r®m q&mpdefqdkol\
rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif; xifovdk teufjyefqkdxm;yHk taMumif;udkvnf; pdppfoHk;oyf&ayOD;rnf/
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u oufaocHtjzpf wifjyxm;aom tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ "r®pMumteufudk pdppfjcif;
]]twå0g'ESifh wm0wðomtbd"r®m}} pmtkyfudk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u aocsmpGm zwf½I
okH;oyfMunfh&mwGif yd#uwfusrf;*efESifh qefUusifpGm a&;om;xm;aom tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ a&;om;csuf
trSm;rsm;udk ajrmufjrm;pGm awGU&ayonf/
17/ xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨pmayudk ½dk;½dk;om;om; avhvmvkdufpm;Muaom Ak'¨0g'DokawoDwkdUtzdkU
(trSm; ESifhtrSef) (twkESifhtppf) uGJuGJjym;jym;cGJjcm;í odEkdifap&ef usrf;*efESifhtnD a&;om;xm;aom
q&mawmf OD;Ak"f\ teufESifh usrf;*efrS aoGzDpGm a&;om;xm;aom tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ teufwdkUudk vnf;
atmufygtwkdif; EIdif;,SOfí jyvdkufayonf/

tpodkU
(u) Zmwdyd = y#doaEäe&jcif;onfvnf; (OD;Ak"fteufrSef)

Zmwdyd = ief;ief;wuf pGJvrf;jcif;jzpfívmjcif;aMumifh (q&mpdefteufrSm;)
(c) Z&myd = qdk;½Gm;a[mif;jrif; tdkrif;&ifha&mf&jcif;onfvnf;? (OD;Ak"fteufrSef)
Z&myd = qHjzLoGm;a<u tom;a&,dk,Gif; tkdrif;&ifha&mfjcif;wdkUudk pdk;&drfruif; jzpfí
vmaom tpGJOyg'gefaMumifh (q&mpdefteufrSm;)
(*) Asm"dyd = zsm;em&jcif;onfvnf;? (OD;Ak"fteufrSef)
Asm"dyd = tema&m*g usifemudkufcJ Elem0JwkdUjzpfívmonfwkdUudk ylaqG;aMumifhMujcif;
jzpfívmaom tpGJOyg'gefaMumifh (q&mpdefteufrSm;)
(C) r&PrÜd = ao&jcif;onfvnf;? (OD;Ak"fteufrSef)
r&PrÜd = trdtz r,m; om;orD; ypönf;Opöm &wem a½TpifponfwdkUESifhwuGaom
aqGnmtaygif;wdkUtm; y,fcGmpGefUxm;cJhí ao&rnfhab;udk pdk;&drfruif;
pGJvrf;jcif; Oyg'gefaMumifh (q&mpdefteufrSm;)
(i) tyÜda,[d = rcspfrESpfvdktyfaom owå0gocFg&wdkUESifh twlwuG?
orÜa,ma*g = aygif;,SOf&jcif;onfvnf; (OD;Ak"fteufrSef)
tyÜda,[d = rESpfouf rvdkvm;tyfukefaom Zm&mAsm"dr&P ponf
OókHab;taygif;wdkU ESifh ab;taygif;pkHwkdUESifh? orÜa,ma*g =
vufiif;'d| ,ckyufyif;rSm awGUêuH cHpm;ae&avjcif;[k
pGJvrf;jcif;jzpfíaeaom Oyg'gefaMumifh? (q&mpdef\ teufrSm;)
18/ þodkU ponfjzifh EIdif;,SOfMunfh½Ia0zefokH;oyfaomtcg yd#uwfESifhrnD usrf;*efrS
aoGzDpGm a&;om;xm;aom q&mpdef\ teufwdkUonf o'´gpnf;urf;vnf;rus t"dyÜm,w¬vnf;
rrSefonfudk pdwfysufzG,f&m awGUjrifMu&avonf/
19/ Zmwd, Z&m, Asm"d, r&PH, orÜa,ma*gyk'frsm;udk o'´gpnf;urf;t& (onf) [lí
uwåm; teuf jyefqdkjcif;rûybJ (aMumifh) [lí [dwfteuf jyefqdkxm;jcif;rSmvnf; tajccHpmay
roifzl;aMumif; xif½Sm;í aeayonf? wzef xdkZmwd Z&m Asm"d r&P [laom yk'fwdkU\ teufrsm;udk
jyef½dk; jyefpOf y#dkoaEäejcif;ç tdkjcif;ç emjcif;ç aojcif; [lí rjyefqdkbJ tm;vkH;Oyg'gefwHqdyfcyfí jyefqdk
xm;aomaMumifh tbd"r®mq&mpdeftaejzifh tpGJOyg'gefjyif;xefaMumif;rSm odomvGef;ayonf?
wenf;tm;jzifh Ak'¨"r®pMumudk Oyg'gef"r®pMumjzpfatmif q&mpdefu êud;pm;xm;[ef wlayonf/
20/ Zmwdç Z&mç r&P [laom yk'fwdkU\ teufrSefudk pGJcsuf (15) wGif tus,fw0ifh
pdppfokH;oyf NyD;jzpfí þu@ü rokH;oyfawmhNyD? xdkpGJcsuftrSwf (15) wGif ]]"r®puúy0wåe}} [laom
ygVdudk tbd"r®mq&mpdefqdkolu vGJvGJrSm;rSm; &rf;&rf;um;um; jyefqdkxm;ykHtaMumif;udkvnf;

tpodkU
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u tus,fw0ifh pdppfokH;oyfjycJhNyD; ,ckwzef trSm;wckNyD;wck usL;vGefxm;aom

q&mpdef\ trSm;rsm;udkyif qufí pdppfjy&ayOD;rnf/
21/ q&mpdefu ]]oHcdawåe yÍöKyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku¨m}} [lkaom ygVdudk -
oHcdawåe = twdktusOf;vkd&if;udk ûcHíajym&ygrl?
yÍÆ = rsufpdç em;ç ESmç vQmç ukd,fwnf;[laom ig;ckwkdUwGif
Oyg'geu©E¨myd = pGJvrf;jcif;Oyg'gefESifhwuG jzpf&Sdaeaom udk,fum,wdkUonfvnf;?
'ku©m = qif;&Jjcif;tusdK;jzpfí aeavawmh\ -
[lí xifovdk teufjyefxm;aomaMumifh tvGefpdwfysufzG,f&maumif;vSayonf/
yÍöt& Oyg'gef\ tm½kHjzpfaom avmuDcE¨mig;yg;udk t&aumuf&rnfhtpm; rsufpdç em;ç ESmç
vQmç udk,f[laom yom'½kyfig;yg;udk aumuf,lxm;aomaMumifh q&mpdef\ t,ltqonf trSm;ay:
trSm;qihfíxm;aom t,ltqrSm;om jzpfaeawmhonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh Ak'¨\ "r®pMumudk
½kyf0g'rSwfwkdiftjzpf tokH;csxm;jcif;yifjzpfayonf/
22/ tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ trSm;onf þrQESifhyif r&yfao;? r*¾opömwGif vm½Sdaom ]]t,ar0
t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g}} [laom bk&m;a[mygVdudkyif t,ar0 aom t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g [k
twå0g'xnhfí jyxm;vkdufao;onf? ygVdom rSm;onfr[kwf? teufjyefqkdykHuvnf; vGJcsifwkdif;
vGJrSm;csifwkdif; rSm;íaeayonf? q&mpdef rSm;jyxm;ykHum; þodkUjzpfonf/
aom = xdkuJhodkU BuHp&mç pnfp&mç ylp&mç yifp&mç aqG;p&mç at;p&mç csKyfNidrf;p&m
tjzmjzmwkdUonf?
t,ar0 = ,ckypöu©ü vufiif;'d| êuHawGUae&onfhtcdkufwGif?
t&da,m = tpGJOyg'gef acs;an§mfwdkU\ oef½Sif;jcif;udk tvdk½SdMuukefaom vlom;
taygif;wdkUonf?
t|*Øaum = t*Fg&Spfyg;½Sdaom?
ra*¾g = usifhtyfaom w&m;aywnf;/
(twå0g'ESifh wm0wðom tbd"r®m ESm? 104)
txufyg q&mpdef\vuf&mudk MunfhvkdufygvQif 0kpftvGJvGJ yk'ftvGJvGJ teuft"dyÜm,f tvGJvGJ
jzpfaeonfudk awGU&ayonf/
23/ q&mpdef\ txufyg olUvuf&mudk ppfwrf;xkwfMunfhaomtcg o'´,kwåd, tw¬,kwdå
ESpfrsdK;vkH; uif;rJhvsuf½Sdonfudk awGU&onf? ½Sif;OD;tHh/
(u) aom - [laom yk'fudk {u0kpfeufray;bJ A[k0kpfteufay;xm;jcif;?
(c) t,ar0 - [laom yk'fudk uwåm;teuf ay;&rnfhtpm; ed'¨g&P teufay;xm;jcif;?
(*) t&da,m - [laom yk'fudk vlom;taygif;[k bmomjyefxm;jcif;?

tpodkU
(C) xdkt&da,m - [laom yk'fudk {u0kpfteufray;bJ A[k0kpfteufay;xm;jcif;-

[laom trSm;av;&yfudk awGU½Sdayonf? þuJhodkU o'´gpnf;urf;rSm;í o'´,kwdåuif;rJh½kHrQru
t"dyÜm,fvGJrSm;jcif;[laom twå,kwådvnf; uif;rJhí aejyefonf? q&mpdefjyqdkaom ]]t,ar0 aom
t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g}} [laom ygVdudk csefí ol\teufudk zwfMunfhvkdufygvQif -
(u) BuHp&mpDp&monf - vlom;wkdU usifhtyfaomw&m;?
(c) ylp&m yifp&monf - vlom;wkdU usifhtyfaomw&m;?
(*) aqG;p&m at;p&monf - vlom;wkdY usifhtyfaomw&m;?
(C) csKyfNidrf;p&mwdkYonf - vlom;wdkU usifhtyfaomw&m; -
[k t"dyÜg,fxGuf½SdaeaomaMumifh obm0,kwdå tvGefuif;rJhí aeayonf? t&da,mqdkaom yk'fukd
vlom;[k jyefqdkjcif;rSmvnf; "r®*kPfudk tvGJokH;pm;ûyaMumif; xif½Sm;vSayonf? q&mpdefjyefqdkcsufonf
r*¾opömudk jyqkdcsufESifh ajzmifhajzmifhBuD; qefUusifí aeayonf/
OD;Ouú|ESifh *dkPfom;wkdUonf Ak'¨bmomwdkUESifh eD;pyfvSaom "r®pMumw&m;awmftay:odkU
pOfuavmuf opömazmufí arSmufarSmuf rSm;rSm;ûyvkyfMujcif;udk axmuf½Ijcif;tm;jzifh Ak'¨bmom 'g,um
'g,dumrrsm;ESifh tvSrf;uGmaom ygVdt|uxmrsm;udkrl tb,frQavmuf uarmufur vkyfMurnfudk
csifhcsdefEkdifMuayNyD/
24/ þtrSwf (17) apm'emudk ûcHikHí okH;oyfMunhfaomtcg apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ pGJcsufudk
ajyvnfatmif rajz½Sif;Ekdifaom ocifjrwfqkdif\ acsycsufonfvnf;aumif; OD;Ouú|ESifh
tbd"r®mq&mpdefwdkU\ teufjyefqkdcsufrsm;onfvnf;aumif; ax&0g'yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;ESifh
qefUusifaomaMumifh "r®pMumtay: xm;½Sdaom ¤if;wkdU\ t,ltqrsm;onf t"r®0g'pifppfomjzpf
aMumif;? 0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfrsm; wnDwñGwfwnf; qkH;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

EdkifiHawmfoD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf (2)
apm'emtrSwf (18)
twåaemrwdjzifh vdrfnma&;om;jcif;ESifhpyfaom 0dedpä,
twåaemrwd rdrdxif&m ajymqdkonfh vufjzpfpum;rsm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[m jzpfav[ef
vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[mrIESifh pyfvsOf;í apwem aom"em ESpf&yfudk 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;\
a0zefokH;oyfcsuf/
1/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u vlaovljzpf OD;Ouú|ESifh or®m'd|d - okawoe0g'D*dkPf;om;
wkdUonf twåaemrwd rdrdwkdUxif&m jrif&m ajymqdkaom vufjzpfpum; ygVdtrSm;jzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk
bk&m;a[mjzpfav[ef vdrfnma&;om; ajyma[maeMuojzifh tqkH;tjzwfay;yg&ef apm'emvTm
wifoGif;Muavonf? bk&m;a[m yd#uwfpmaywGif trSefwu,fr½Sdaom pk'dwuwdkU\
vkyfygVdtrSm;rsm;udkvnf; ¤if;wkdUudk,fwkdifa&;om;ajyma[m xkwfa0jzefUcsDxm;aom pmtkyfpmwrf;
wdwfacGwkdUrS aumufEkwfí oufaocHtjzpf (u) rS (#) txd wifjyxm;Muonf? ¤if;wkdU\ ygVdtwk
rsm;ESifh teufudkvnf; yl;wGJwifjyMuonf/
2/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u rlvapm'em\ ½Sif;vif;csuftaejzifh 0daooapm'emudk
wifoGif;&mwGif bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;onf tp tv,f tqkH; aumif;jcif;ESifh jynfhpkHaom
uvsmP*kPf, o'´gteufESifh jynfhpkHaom ow¬oAsÍÆe*kPf, obm0tm;jzifh av;eufaom "r®*rÇD&
paom *kPfwkdUESifh jynfhpkHaomaMumifh wpkHw&mjznfhpGufzG,f y,fEkwfzG,f r½SdaMumif;? þpk'dwursm;uJhokdY
omoemorkdif;wGif bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[mvkyfcJhonfh om"ursm; ½Sdzl;aMumif;? t&d|&[ef;qdk;ESifh
u@uomraPwdkUonf xkduJhokdU bk&m;a[m twkvkyfcJhMuaomaMumifh omoemawmfrS
ESifxkwfcHcJh&Mu&aMumif;? odkUjzpfí bk&m;a[m twkûyvkyfjcif;rSm tvGef0efav;onfh rvkyfoifh
rvkyfxkdufaom jypfrIusL;vGefrIwpfckjzpfaMumif;udk ygVdt|uxm om"ursm;pGmjzifh us,f0ef;pGm
avQmufxm;apm'emcJhMuavonf/
3/ þapm'emESifh ywfoufí ocifjrwfqdkifwpfOD;uomvQif jyefvnfacsyNyD; or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJUurl vkH;0acsy½Sif;vif;jcif;rûyay? Nidrfí cH,lcJhMuonf/
(u) trSwfjyapm'emudk pdppfcsuf

4/ apm'uq&mrsm;u pk'dwuwdkU\ trSm;rsm;pGmteuf têudufwlaom vufvkyfygVd
trSm;wpfckudk (u) trSwfjytaejzifh pGJqdkwifjyxm;Muonf? ,if;wkdYrSm -
avmuork',Íö tw¬d?
avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d -

tpodkU
[laom vkyfygVdjzpfayonf? 0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfrsm;onf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifjyxm;aom pGJqdk

csufrsm;ESifh þ½kH;awmfodkU oufaocHtjzpf wifjyxm;aom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk taotcsm
wkdufqkdifMunfh½I&mwGif ,if;yg|dukd -
(u) OD;udkudkav;u (Ak'ä*gwr) a[mxm;onf[lívnf;aumif;?
(c) vlaovljzpfjyóemq&mu (oa'ú&wå) okwfü a[mcJhonf[lívnf;aumif;?
(*) &ckdifOD;a½Tjynfhu (oDvu©efygVdawmf) ü yg½Sdonf[lívnf;aumif;?
(C) tbd"r®mq&mpdefu (ed0ge0*¾oH,kwf) ygVdawmfü a[mxm;onf[lívnf;aumif; -
toD;oD;a&;om;xm;csufrsm;udk twdtvif; awGU½SdMu&onf/
5/ 0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfrsm;onf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;wkdU axmufjycsuft& pk'dwuwdkU
a&;om;xm;aom ,if; (avmuork'oÍötw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d) [laom ygVdukd yd#uwfokH;ykH
edum,fig;&yfwGif vkdufvH½SmazGaomtcg b,frSmrS rawGU&ay? xkdUaMumifh ]]þygVdonf oa'ú&w¬
okwfü r½Sd? vkyfygVdom jzpfonf}} [laom apm'u q&mawmfwdkU\ axmufjycsufrSm rSefuefí
OD;udkudkav;ESifh vlaovljzpf jyóemq&mwdkU\ a&;om;csufrSm;aMumif;udk twnfûyonf? xdkenf;twl
þt"dyÜm,fonf oDvu©efygVdawmfüryg? vdrfxm;aom pum;jzpfonf}} [laom apm'uq&mawmfwkdU\
axmufjycsufrSmvnf; rSefuefaeí ewfESifh i&Jb,frSmvJ pmtkyfwGifygaom OD;a½Tjynfh\
a&;om;csufudkvnf; rSm;,Gif;aMumif; twnfûyawmfrlMuonf? tvm;wlyif oH,kwfygVdawmfü
upömea*gwårax&fudk a[mxm;aomw&m;ü twdtvif;qkdxm;csuft& [laom ocifjrwfwdkU\
pum;udkaxmufjyaom ]]þa[mxm;csufvnf;ryg (twdtvif;) [k a&;jcif;onf &J&JBuD;
vdrfjcif;jzpfonf}} [laom apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ wifjycsufrSmvnf; txl;yif rSefuefaeí
ocifjrwfqdkif\ a&;om;csufvkH;0rSm;aMumif; twnfûyawmfrlMuonf? tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ a&;om;
csufudkvnf; rSm;,Gif;aMumif; twnfûyawmfrlMuonf/
wa,mufwrsdK; teufjyefxm;jcif;
6/ pk'dwuwdkU têudufcsif;wlí ae&mtESHU udk;um;a[majymavh½Sdaom tqkdyg (avmu
ork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom vufjzpfygVdudk jrefrmjyefqkd&müvnf; wOD;ESifhwOD;
rwlMu? trsdK;rsdK;uGJvGJaeaMumif; awGU&onf? vlaovljzpf jyóempmtkyf ESm 17-wGif ,if;ygVdudk
ocifjrwfqkdifu ]]avmuonf ½Sdonf[k pGJ,lu½Sd\/ r½Sd[k jywfuvnf;r½Sd}} [k bmomjyefqdkxm;
onfudk awGU&onf/ ,if;jyefqdkcsufonf ygVdwjcm;teufwrsdK;jzpfí rSm;,Gif;aeayonf/
7/ ,if;ygVdukdyif ewfESifh i&J b,frSmvJ pmtkyf ESm 22 - wGif &cdkifOD;a½Tjynfhu atmufyg
twkdif; t"dyÜm,fazmfxm;jyefayonf/ ]]aemufwzef jzpfao;onf[k pGJae,if oifhpdwfrSm jzpfaeonf?

tpodkU
rpGJ,if oifhpdwfrSm jzpfírae}} OD;a½Tjynfh\ txufyg jyefqdkcsufonfvnf; oDvu©ef ygVdawmfüvmaom

t"dyÜm,fr[kwfaMumif; rSm;,Gif;aMumif;rSm xif½Sm;ayonf/
8/ ,if;ygVdukdyif Ak'¨0dyóempmtkyf yxrwGJ? ESm 146 ü ocifjrwfqkdifu ]]avmuudk
½Sdonf[k pGJ,lvQif ½Sdonf? r&½Sd[k jywfvQifvnf; r½Sd}} [k bmomjyefqkdxm;ayonf? ocifjrwfqkdif\
,if;bmomjyefqdkcsufonfvnf; ygVd\ qdkvdkcsufESifh rudkuf? rdrdvkd&m jyefqdkxm;jcif;om jzpfae
ayonf/
9/ ,if;ygVdukdyif ]]or®m 'd|dokawoeESifh a&eHacsmif; ta&;awmfykH}} trnf½Sd pmtkyf
pmrsufESm 62 wGif tbd"r®m q&mpdefqkdolu atmufygtwkdif; teufjyefqkdxm;ayonf/
]]tkd upömem þavmuü tpGJOyg'gef½Sdaomolonf wrvGefavmu½Sdonfudk t,l½Sd\/ þ
avmuü tpGJOyg'gef csKyfNidrf;aomolonf wyg;aom avmur½Sd[lí t,l½Sd\}}
tbd"r®mq&mpdef\ teufjyefqdkcsufonfvnf; rl&if;ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf a'oemESifh wjcm;pD jzpfí
ygVdvnf;rrSef? teufvnf; cRwfvGJaMumif; twnfûyawmfrlMuonf/
ocifjrwfqkdif\ acsyvTmudk pdppfjcif;

10/ trSwf (18) apm'emwGifyg0ifaom (u) trSwfûy (avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu
eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom ygVdESifh pyfvsOf;í pk'dwuwOD;jzpfol ocifjrwfqkdifu acsyonfrSm -
]]bk&m;wynfhawmfa&;cJhaom Ak'¨0dyóem (1) wGif bk&m;wynfhawmfu avmuork',Íö tw¬d?
avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d [laom yk'fudk a&;cJhonfrSm rSefygonf/ ,if;ygVdudk ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf
upömea*gwåokwf 242 - rS wkduf½dkuful;,lcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ ,if;okwfwGif wynhfawmf a&;cJhaom
twkdif; {uefygaeaom pum;twkdif; xkdygVdawmfwGif ½SmazGMunfhyg&ef wkdufwGef;tyfygonf bk&m;/ pm\
t"dyÜm,ftqdkrSm ]]jywfvQifr&Sd rjywfvQif ½Sd\}} [laom t,ludk wifjycJhjcif;om jzpfyg onf/ ,ck
apm'ubufrS q&mawmfrsm;u ,ifygVdawmfonf rnfonfhygVdawmfwGifrS ½SmazGí rawGU&ojzifh
twdtvif; &J&JBuD; vdrfnmjcif;jzpfonfudk pGyfpGJxm;ygonfbk&m; ,ck rlvygaom yd#uwfawmfudk
aocsmpGm axmufjyvdkufygonf}} [k acsyvTm wifoGif;avonf/
11/ þuJhodkU w&m;cGifa½SUarSmufü apm'uESifh pk'dwuwdkU tqdkyg (avmuork',Íö tw¬d?
avmu eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom ygVdudk bk&m;a[m yd#uwfwGif r½SdaMumif;&SdaMumif; tjiif;yGm;csufudk
vufawGUajz½Sif;ay;vdkojzifh pk'dwuocifjrwfqdkif ñTefjyaom ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmfpmtkyfudk
ocifjrwfqkdiftm;ay;NyD; upömea*gwåokwfwGif ygonfqdkaomygVdudk vufawGU½SmazGwifjyapcJhonf/
12/ pk'dwuocifjrwfqkdifonf ¤if;tm; ulnDolrsm;ESifhtwl 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\
a½SUarSmufü xdkygVdudk ½SmazGcJhonf/ ,if;odkU ½SmazGaomfvnf; rawGUbJ jzpfaeí 0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfrsm;u
]]'umBuD;acsyñTefjyonfhtwkdif; ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf ygVdawmfwGif tqkdyg (avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu

tpodkU
eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom ygVdukd awGUrawGU? ygryg vufawGUar;jref;&m ocifjrwfqkdifu rawGUaMumif;

rygaMumif; wynfhawmfrSm;,Gif;ygaMumif; 0efcHavQmufxm;wifjyonfudk þ½kH;awmfu
toHzrf;ívnf;aumif; vufESdyfpuf½dkufívnf;aumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf? þuJhodkU acsyrI
rSm;,Gif;aeí apm'emtrSwf (18) udk acsycGifhrûyapawmhbJ wm;jrpfvkdufMuonf/
ygVdrSm;\teufudk pdppfjcif;
13/ pk'dwuwkdU udk;um;wifjyaom ygVd\ t"dyÜm,fudk twdtus trSeftuef jrefrmjyef
Munfhaomtcg omoemawmfESifh qefUusifaom t"dyÜm,fom xGufaeaMumif; awGU&onf/ xkd
((avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom ygVd\ wkduf½dkuft"dyÜm,frSm -
]]avmu\jzpfaMumif; wPSmonfvnf;½Sd\/
avmu\ csKyf&medAÁmefum; r½Sd}} -
[lí jzpfayonf? þt"dyÜm,fonf bk&m;omoemESifh qefUusifaom t"dyÜm,fjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ay
onf/ þuJhokdU ygVd½Sdwkdif; teufudkrazmfjybJ ocifjrwfqkdifu ]]pm\ t"dyÜm,ftqkdrSm jywfvQif r½Sd?
rjywfvQif ½Sd\ [laom t,ludk wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf}} [k xnfhoGif;avQmufxm;avonf/ odkU&mwGif
(avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom ygVdESifh jywfvQifr½Sd? rjywfvQif ½Sd\ [laom
teuft"dyÜm,frSm wjcm;pD jzpfaeaomaMumifh yd@ygwHudk aorsdK;csnf;[k bmomjyefaom
vlysufvlacsmfwkdU\ pum;uJhodkU jzpfaeayawmhonf/
14/ þwGif aumufcsufcsonf½Sdaom ygVduvnf; vufjzpfygVdjzpfjcif;? teufuvnf; ygVd
ESifh rqDavsmfaom teufjzpfjcif;? bk&m;ra[monfudk bk&m;a[mvkyfum tBuD;tus,f vSnfhpm;
xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
xdkUaMumifh þuJhodkU ygVdwk teufrSm;jzifh vSnhfpm;cHMu&&Smoltaygif; rnfírnfrQ ½Sdae
rnfenf;[k awG;awmrdí 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;taejzifh pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfMu&ayonf/ tem*wf
omoemawmftwGuf &ifav;zG,fBuD;aywum;/
upömea*gwåokwf\ t"dyÜm,frSefudk azmfjyjcif;

15/ pk'dwuwkdU\ taejzifh upömea*gwåokwfudk têudufnDí tudk;rsm;aMumifh azmfjycJhayNyD/
xdkpk'dwuwdkU\ qdkvdkcsufESifh rl&if;upömea*gwåokwf\ bk&m;a[mxm;ykH tmabmfwkdU rnfodkU rnfykH
uGJvGJtHacsmfaeaMumif;udk Ak'¨0g'DwkdU oHo,uif;í ÓPftjrif&Sif;ap&ef azmfjyvdkufayonf? or®m'd|d
(tjrifrSef)ESifh ywfoufí upömea*gwårax&fu ]]jrwfpGmbk&m; or®m'd|d or®m'd|d [lí qdktyf\?
tb,frQjzifh or®m'd|d (aumif;aom tjrif) jzpfygoenf;}} þodkU ar;avQmufaomaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u
þodkU rdefUMum;awmfrl\/

tpodkU
]]'Gu edódawm 'Gg,H upöme avmaum (y) {wåm0wm acg upöme or®m'd|d
a[mwd}} (oH? 1? 257)
jrefrmjyef
]]upöme - þowå0gtaygif;wkdUonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh ½Sdonf\tjzpf (oów'd|d) udk
vnf;aumif;? R½Sdonf\tjzpf (Oapä''d|d)udkvnf;aumif; ½Sd\/
upöme - ocFg&avmu\ jzpfjcif;udk rSefuefaom 0dyóemynm r*fynmjzifh [kwfwkdif; rSefpGm
jrifaomol\ oEÅmefü ocFg&avmuü r½Sdonf\tjzpfwnf;[laom Oapä''d|d rjzpf/
upöme - ocFg&avmu\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk rSefuefaom 0dyóemynm r*fynmjzifh [kwfwdkif;
rSefpGm jrifaomol\ oEÅmefü ocFg&avmuü ½Sdonf\tjzpfwnf;[laom oów'd|d rjzpf/
upöme - uyfa&mufrI (Oy,) jyif;pGmpGJvrf;rI (Oyg'gef) epfûryfpl;0ifrI (tbdeda0o) wkdUonf
þowå0gtaygif;udk rsm;aomtm;jzifh aESmifzGJUukef\/ þt&d,mwynfhonfum; pdwf\wnf&mç
epfûryfpl;0if&m udef;atmif;&mjzpfaom xdkuyfa&mufrI (Oy,) jyif;pGmpGJvrf;rI (Oyg'gef) udk ig\
twåwnf;[k ruyfa&muf? rpGJvrf;? pGJírwnfjzpfcJhaomf (Oyg'geu©E¨m) 'ku©om csKyf\/ csKyfcJhaomf
(Oyg'geu©E¨mwnf;[laom) 'ku©om csKyf\/ 'ku©rSwyg; owå0grnfonf r½Sd[k ,kHrSm;rIr½Sd? þt&mü
xkdyk*¾dKvftm; olwyg;udk tm;xm;í ,kHMunfonfr[kwf? udk,fwkdifodjcif;om jzpf\/ upöme - þrQjzifh
rSefaomtm;jzifh or®m'd|djzpf\/ (upömea*gwåokwf t|uxmESifhtnD jrefrmjyefqdkonf)
16/ upömea*gwåokwf\ qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜm,fudk trsm;em;vnfap&ef azmfjy&aomf -
owå0gwkdUonf oów'd|d? Oapä''d|d 2 yg;udkrSD\/ ocFg&avmu\jzpfjcif;udk 0dyóemynm
r*fynmjzifh jrifvQif Oapä''d|drjzpf? ocFg&avmu\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk 0dyóemynm r*fynmjzifhjrifvQif
oów'd|drjzpf? þowå0gtaygif;udk rsm;aomtm;jzifh wPSm 'd|dwdkUu aESmifzGJUxm;\?
t&d,mom0uonf xkdwPSm 'd|dwdkUudk ig\twå[k ruyfa&mufrpGJvrf; 'ku©omjzpf\? 'ku©omcsKyf
\[k ,kHrSm;jcif;r½Sd? udk,fwkdifod\? upöme - þrQjzifhom or®m'd|d (tjrifrSef) jzpf\/
17/ þupömeokwf\ rl&if; bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfESifh jrefrmjyeft"dyÜm,fwdkUudk tppftrSef
od&jcif;tm;jzifh pk'dwuwdkUudk udk;um;aom (avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmu eda&m"Íö ewd¬) [laom
vufjzpfygVd\ bk&m;a[m r[kwfykHudkvnf;aumif; pk'dwuwkdU\ jrefrmjyefqdkcsufonf bk&m;
a[mxm;csufESifh wvGJwjcm;pDjzpfaeí rSm;,Gif;ykHudk vnf;aumif; oHo,uif;pGm odcGifh&½SdMuayNyD?
aemufaemifwGif þuJhodkU ygVdtwk teufrSm;rsm;jzifh rêuHêudufMu&atmif 0DrHo 0dp&PÓPfynmjzifh
tppftrSefudk avhvmtm;xkwfoifhMuayonf/

tpodkU
(c)trSwfjy apm'emudk pdppfcsuf

18/ (c) trSwfjy apm'emcsufü Ak'¨0g'jyóemrsm; pmtkyf ESm 27 wGif azmfjyxm;aom
]]Oyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku©? tEkyg'geu©E¨myd eda&m"}} [laom ygVdudk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; pdppfMunfh½I &mwGif
bk&m;a[mygVdr[kwfaMumif; awGUMu&jyefonf? ]]yÍöKyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku©m}} [laom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfudk
qifwl,dk;rSm;vkyfíxm;aMumif; awGU&onf/ (Oyg'geu©E¨myd 'ku©? tEkyg'geu©E¨myd eda&m") [lí
a&;om;xm;jcif;onf o'´grrSef? vdif0kpfrrSef ygVd[efyifray:ay/ trSefpifppf Oyg'geu©E¨m ......
tEkyg'geu©E¨m[laom a½SUyk'frsm;ESifh 0dbwfwlvdkufí 'ku©m....eda&m"m[k ½Sdaeygu
bk&m;a[mr[kwfaomfvnf; ygVdpnf;urf;usaom pum;&yfjzpf&monf? ,ckrl ygVdvnf;rjzpf
bk&m;a[mvnf; rppfaom ujym;ygVdjzpfvsuf½SdaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
(*) (C) (i) trSwfjy apm'emrsm;pdppfcsuf

19/ þtrSwfjyapm'emü a½Ttbd"r®m&cdkifjynfwdwfacG bD-bufrsufESmü atmufyg
pum;&yfrsm; yg½Sdonfudk awGU&onf/
(*) ed&,H bdu©a0 a'aoómrd? wH okPmx bdu©a0 ed&,H?
obma0 OyÜga'g ed&a,m?
bdu©a0? oHo&mab;vmrnfha&;udk arQmfawG;axmuf½I tdkbdu©KwdkU/ ed&,H? i&Judk/ a'aoómrd?
a[maytHh/ wkarS? oifwdkUonf/ okPmx? em;axmifMuukefavmh/ obma0? obm0 av;yg;ü/ OyÜga'g?
tvGeftvdk wPSmw&m; pGJvrf;jcif;onf/ ed&a,m? ed&, rnf\/
(C) tyg,H bdu©a0 a'aoómrd? wH okPmxd bdu©a0
tyg,H obma0 OyÜga'g tyga,m?
(i) t0Dpð bdu©a0 a'aoómrd? wH okPmx bdu©a0
t0Dpð? obma0 OyÜga'g t0Dpd?
20/ txufyg pum;&yfrsm;udk zwf½Iolrsm;onf ]]bdu©a0}} [laom tmvkyfyk'fudk awGU&
ojzifh bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf[kyif rSwfxifMuvdrhfrnf jzpfonf? yd#uwfpmay roifMum;bl;aom
vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk rqdkxm;bd pmayyd#uwfudk ydkUcsaeMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onfyifvQif teuft"dyÜg,fudk
rqifjcifrdygu bk&m;a[mygVdawmf[k xifrSwfzG,f½Sdayvdrhfrnf? ½dk;½dk;om;om; Ak'¨w&m;udk
avhvmvkdufpm;aeMu&Smolrsm;taejzifh þbdu©a0vufeufjzifhyif tNyD;wkdif usqkH;oGm;Mu ½Smayvdrhfrnf?
yd#uwfpmayoif,lavhvmaeMuaom &[ef;oHCmrsm;taejzifhvnf; tydktvkyf½IyfcJh Murnfjzpfonf?
bdu©a0udk vefUojzifh [kd[dk'D'D bk&m;a[mpmtkyfü ygavrnfvm;[k axmif;axmif;aMuatmif
½SmrdMurnfjzpfonf? trSefpifppfqdkcJhyg (*) (C) (i) trSwfyg ygVdrsm;onf oH*g,em 6 wef

tpodkU
wifqufonfh ygVdt|uxm #DumwkdUü yg½Sdaom ygVdrsm;r[kwf? oufoufbk&m;a[m ta,mifaqmifum

ykHrSm;½dkufxm;aom ygVdtwkrsm;yif jzpfaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
21/ ,if;ygVdtwkrsm;\ teuft"dyÜg,fonfvnf; vkH;0vGJrSm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/
i&JtaMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlxm;aom r[moD[em'okwf paom a'oemawmfrsm;udk
ajymifavSmifysufacsmfoa&mfvdkí rdrdwdkU\ i&Jr½Sd ½kyf0g'udk bk&m;a[m[efaqmifvsuf vkyfBuH zefwD;
a[majymcsufrsm;om jzpfayonf/ tvGefw&m jrifhjrwfí Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½Sifvl jrefrmEkdifiHawmfol
EdkifiHawmfom;tm;vkH;ESifh urÇmYAk'¨bmomrsm;uyg tjrwfwEdk; wefzdk;xm;í ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
xdef;odrf;apmifha½SmufvmcJhaom bk&m;½Sif\ udk,fpm; yd#uwfpmayrsm;udk okdUpOfuavmuf &uf&uf
pufpuf twkta,mifûyí zsufqD;&J zsufqD;0Hhonfudk oHa0*BuD;pGm ,lrdMuayonf/
(p) (q) (Z) trSwfjy apm'emrsm;pdppfcsuf

22/ xdk&cdkifa½Ttbd"r®mwdwfacGrSyif xkwfEkwfí apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u wifjyxm;aom (p)
(q) (Z) trSwfjy ygVdteufrsm;onfvnf; o'´,kwåd tw¬,kwdå vGefpGm uif;rJhvsuf½SdaMumif; awGU&onf/
(p) e awe aom bdu©K? ,m0wm bdu©a0 ya&?
0doH"r®H orm'g,? bdu©K a[mwd e wm0wm?
[laom *gxmum; yxryg'ü cRwf,Gif;vGJrSm;vsuf½Sdonf? pifppf½Sd&rnfrSm "r®y'ygVdawmf? ESm - 51 wGif
vm½Sdonfh rlva'oemt& (e awe bdu©K aom a[mwd) om jzpf&ayrnf/
(q) ,ó ew¬d *[dwH t,H oóawm (bk&m;½Sif a[mw,f) ,ó? tMuifyk*¾dKvf
tm;/ ew¬d? yifudk,fu r½SdwJh w&m;awGudk/ *[dwH? cE¨mudk,frSm t½SdxifNyD; pGJvrf;jcif;onf/ oóawm?
oówrnfay\/
[laom a[majymcsufonfvnf; yd#uwfusrf;*efESifh qefUusifaom ygVdteuf qefUusifaom
t,ltqom jzpfacsonf/
23/ xdkrSwzef (Z) trSwfjytjzpf apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u axmufjyxm;aom pk'dwuwkdU\
(Z) ,ó ew¬d rkÍödwAÁH t,H Oapäa'g?
,ó yk*¾vó? tMuifyk*¾dKvftm;/
ew¬d? r&SdwJhoabmw&m;udk/
rkÍödwAÁH? ukefatmifvkyfaew,f? xrif;tiwfcHaew,f? tanmif;cHaew,f? twå
udvrxmEka,m* Oapämvrf;pOfyJ/
[laom a[majymcsufonfvnf; trSm;pifppfom jzpfaeayonf/ ygVdtoHay;NyD; udk,fxif&mudk
ajymxm;jcif;om jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh bk&m;a[m ygVdudk av;pm;MunfñdkMuaom ½kd;om;onfh
Ak'¨bmom0ifvlxktm; ygVdtwkESifh ajcmufí pnf;½kH;jcif;om jzpfonf/ xdkygVdtwkteuf trSm;rsm;jzifh

tpodkU
a[mMum;jcif;onf bk&m;½Sif\ tqkH;trawmftrSefrsm;udk vkdufemí OykofapmihfokH;rI? yxr 0dyóem

ur®|mef;w&m;tm;xkwfrIwkdUudk twåudvrx? udk,fudk yifyef;aponfhtvkyfrsm; Oapä'vrf;rSm;rsm;[lí
uJh&JUpGyfpGJ&ef jzpfayonf/ þuJhodkU tusifhrSefudk pGyfpGJjcif;jzifh bk&m;½Sifudkvnf; pGyfpGJ&m a&mufayonf/
(ps) (n) trSwfjy apm'emudkpdppfjcif;

24/(ps) ew¬d udavao y[memwd?
ew¬d udavao? yifudk,fur½SdwJh udavomawGudk/ y[memwd? y,fMuukefavm/
[laom (ps) trSwfjy pum;&yfüvnf; ygVdrrSef teufrrSef awGU&jyefonf? yifukd,fu r½SdwJh udavom
[laom pum;&yfonf tEko,,rkdufESifh qefUusifaom ausmufoabFmwkdU\ t"r®0g'rsdK;jzpfaMumif;
awGU&onf? y[memwd = y,fMuukefavmh [laom pum;&yfonfvnf; ygVdBud,m tokH;r[kwfacs?
þuJhodkU o'´,kwåd tw¬,kwdå 2 rsdK;vkH; uif;rJh½kHrQru bk&m;a[mygVd jzpfav[ef
vnfq,fa[majymcsufom jzpfacsonf/
(n) tZmwma,0 e Zm,EÅd?
tZmwma,0 = yifudk,fur½SdwJh udavomawGudk/ e Zm,EÅd = rjzpfatmif vkyfMu/
(yifudk,fu r½SdwJhudavomawGudk rjzpfatmif aejcif;[m eda&m")
þpum;&yfonf rdrd xif&m jrif&m twåaemrwdjzifh qdkxm;csufrQom jzpfonf? ygVd\ qdkvdk&if;
r[kwfay? y#dorÇd'gr*fygVdawmfü (aw tZmwm a,0 e Zm,EÅd) [laom ygVd½Sd&m xdkygVdawmf\
qdkvdk&if;rSm -
]]t&d,mr*fu cE¨mwdkUudk ydkif;jcm;í rodtyfonf½Sdaomf tMuifudavomwdkUonf jzpf&m
\? xkdokdU jzpfcGifh½Sdaom udavomwkdUonf t&d,mr*fu cE¨mwdkUudk ydkif;jcm;í
odtyfNyD;onfhaemuf rjzpfao;bJyif rjzpfMuawmhukef? (0g) jzpfcGifhr&Muawmhukef}}
[k qdkvdkayonf/ xdkUaMumifh &cdkifjynf a½Ttbd"r®m trnfcH OD;ausmfwifh\ a[majymcsufonf rlv
y#dorÇd'gr*fESifhvnf; qefUusifvsuf½Sd\/
25/(#) ted,smeduH oræyÜvmayg?
ted,smeduH = oHo&mrS xGufajrmufaMumif; r[kwfwJh Zmwft|uxm? Ak'¨0if a0óEÅ&m
ponfudk a[majymjcif;onf/ oræyÜvmayg = oræyÜvmy rnf\/
[laom pk'dwuwdkU\ txufygpum;&yfonf Ak'ömoemawmfudk apmfum;vkdpdwfjzifh ygVdukd vkyfBuHí
teufudk zefwD;NyD; ajyma[ma&;om;csufom jzpfaMumif; awGU&onf? jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Ak'¨0if ponfudk
a[majymjcif;udk oræyÜvmy [k pGyfpGJjcif;jzpfonf? Zmwft|uxmç Ak'¨0ifç a0óEÅ&m ponfudk
ajyma[mjcif;onf pk'dwuwkdU pGyfpGJouJhodkU oræyÜvmyabm vkH;0 r[kwfacs? "r®a'oem ukodkvfom
jzpfonf/

tpodkU
oræyÜvmyqkdonfrSm 0pD'kp½dkufç EIwf rdkuf pum;wrsdK;yif jzpfonf? t|omvdeD ESm 143-ü

]]tew¬ 0dnmydum um,0pDya,m* ork|mydum tukovapwem oræyÜvmayg}} ponfjzifh zGifhjy
awmfrlonf/
]]tusKd;r&Sd teuft"dyÜg,fr&Sd r[kwfrrSef vkyfBuHZmwfvrf;rsm;udk olwyg;tm; odap
wwfaom tûytrl tajymtqdkwdkUudk jzpfapwwfaom tukodkvfapwemonfomvQif
oræyÜvmy rnfayonf}}/
þt"dyÜm,frsm;t& Ak'¨0ifudk a[mMum;jcif;onf tukodkvfapwemr[kwfrlí oræyÜvmy r[kwfaMumif;rSm
xif½Sm;onf? xdkUjyif bk&m;a[mZmwf edygwfawmfrsm;udk a[mMum;jcif;onfvnf; tukodkvfapwemr[kwf
oræyÜvmy r[kwfay? apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu oufaocHtjzpf wifjyxm;aom pk'dwuwdkU\
wdwfacGwdkUü yg&Sdaom a[majymcsufpum;wkdUonfum; tusdK;r&Sd teuft"dyÜm,f rrSef
tukokdvfapwemt&if;cHjzifh ajyma[mxm;aom pum;rsm; jzpfjcif;aMumifh pifppf oræyÜvmyrsm;om a0zef
okH;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
26/ þtrSwf (18) apm'emudk ûcHikHí okH;oyf&aomf pk'dwuwkdUonf bk&m;ra[monfudk
bk&m;a[m ûyvkyfa&;om;jcif; a[majymjzefUa0jcif;rsm; ûyvkyfMuí ]]tbmodwH tvydwH wxm* awe
bmodwH vydwH wxm*awemwd 'DayEÅd}} [laom ab'u&0w¬KESifh NidpGef;aomaMumifh ¤if;wdkU\ tûytrl
t,ltqonf t"r®0g'om jzpfonf? xkd0g'udk a&;om;a[majymMuaom olwdkUonfvnf;
t"r®0g'DwdkUom jzpfonf[k EkdifiHawmfoD;jcm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU wnDwñGwfwnf;
qkH;jzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU

EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf (2)
apm'emtrSwf (19)
Ak'¨\ jzpfawmfpOf Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk rxDrJhjrifûyjcif;ESifh pyfaom 0dedpä,
Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;\ av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; jznfhusifhcJhzl;aom yg&rDawmfrsm;udk vufrcHjcif;?
Ak'¨0ifrsm;udk ajymifavSmifysufacsmfoa&mfjcif;wdkUESifh ywfoufí apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ apm'emtusOf;
aumufEkwfcsufrsm;
1/ apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUu apm'em&m0,f or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS arSmifcdkxkwfa0aom twGJ
(1) trSwf (4) opöm"r®pmapmifü -
(u) bk&m;tavmif;awmf aowauwkewfom;tm; bk&m;jzpf&ef vlUjynfodkY oaE¨,lygrnfh
taMumif; ewfç jA[®mwdkUu 0kdif;0ef;awmif;yefMuonf[k qdk&mü bk&m;tavmif;
ewfom;udk,fwkdifu rodaomudpöudk ewf jA[®mwdkUu êudwifNyD; ]]bk&m;jzpfrnfhol}} [k
odxm;ESifhovdkvdk wqifhwvkH; wifpD;xm;vkdufMuonf[k a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(c) oaE¨,l&ef 0dkif;0ef;awmif;yefMujcif;rSmvnf; udk,fhudk,fudk owfaocdkif;jcif;yif jzpf&um;
olwdkU\ awmif;yefrIaMumifh aowauwkewfom;rSm ewfpnf;pdrfyif cHpm;cGifhr&bJ
vufuwD;Mum;rS acR;,dkpD;um rdIifawGvsuf pkawcJh&onf[k a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(*) r,fawmfrm,m\ qifjzLawmftdyfrufudk ½Iwfcsa&;om;xm;jcif;?
(C) o*gxm0*¾oH,kwfyg ewf okwfwdkUonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk
tapmfum;qkH; jzpfonf[k a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(i) ]]wPSmudk jzwfygavm}} paom *gxmrsm;jzifh avQmufxm;aom wm,eewfom;udk
jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; q&mvkyfol[k ½Iwfcsxm;jcif;ESifh ,if;*gxmrsm;udk oif,lydkUcsapjcif;
udpöudkvnf; toifh,kwdår½Sd[ef a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(p) wm0wðomewfjynfü w0gwGif;vkH; tbd"r®mw&m; a[mawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
r,fawmfjzpfcJhzl;aom oEÅKódwewfom;u wBudrfrQ qGrf;auR;onfudk rawGU&aMumif;
a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(q) xkd*gxmwGif;ü awmifuRef;ç ajrmufuRef;ç taemufuRef;odkU <uí jrwfpGmbk&m; qGrf;cHí
bkOf;ay;aeonfudk r,fawmfewfom;onf awmfawmfyif MunfhaeEkdifonf[k
a&;om;xm;jcif;?
2/ &cdkifjynfrS a½Ttbd"r®m aMujimcsufüvnf; -
(Z) ig;&mYig;q,fZmwfawmfrsm;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;\ BuD;us,faom tHhMozG,frsm; yg½Sdaeygvsuf
usefao;onfqdkaom t&darwå,sbk&m;avmif;\ xkdtHhMozG,frsm;rSmrl urÇmay:ü

tpodkU
,aeUtxd rawGU½Sd&jcif;rSm t&darwå,s[lí rusefíavm? Zmwfawmfrsm;uyif

'@m&DykHjyifjzpfaeíavm a0zef oifhonfqdkjcif;?
(ps) anmifwyifrSm trnfrodolwpfOD;u ay;vkdufí r,fawmfrm,mwGif
od'¨w¬oaE¨&cJhonf[k Ak'¨0ifusrf;pmü yg½SdonfrSm vGefvGef;onfqdkjcif;?
(n) Ak'¨0iftqdkt& ewfjA[®mwdkUu awmif;yefí r,fawmfrm,m0rf;wkdufü bk&m;avmif;
y#doaEäe&onfrSefygu oka'¨g'eonf bcift&if; r[kwfEkdif[k a&;om;xm;jcif;?
(#) bk&m;tavmif; zGm;jrifpOfu tusdK;ç tuef;rsm; taumif;jzpfjcif;ESifh ewfjynf
i&JjynfwdkUudk [mvm[if;vif; jzpf&jcif;wdkUrSm Ak'¨0ifrSmomyg½Sdí urÇmYordkif;rSm
ryg½Sdjcif;aMumifh Ak'¨0ifudk rcdkifvkH[ef a0zefxm;jcif;/
3/ opöm"r®pmapmif a½Ttbd"r®mwkdUü a&;om;xm;aom txufyg taMumif;t&mwkdUudk
oufaoom"utjzpf xkwfjyNyD;vQif xdkokdUa&;om;jcif;jzifh uHw&m;ypfy,frI? 31-bkH ypfy,frIwdkUudk
t&if;cHûyí Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ av;toacFsESifh urÇmwodef; yg&rDjznfhusifhcJhykHwdkUudk vufrcHMuolrsm;
jzpfonf[k apm'uyk*¾dKvfwdkUu apm'emMuonf/
4/ xdkUaemuf apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ 0daooapm'emü -
Ak'¨jrwfpGm\ tm;uszG,f? MunfñdkzG,faumif;vSaom Ak'¨0iftjzpfawmfrsm;udk vufrcH½kHrQru
ajymifavSmifysufacsmfoa&mfapmfum; a&;om;xm;aMumif;udkvnf;aumif; xkdodkU a&;om;jcif;jzifh
udrdvokwfa'oemawmft& olawmfaumif;w&m;wnf;[laom omoemawmfudk t½SnfrcHh rwnfwHhatmif
zsufqD;&ma&mufaMumif;udkvnf;aumif; xkwfazmfwifjyapm'emMuonf/
5/ xdkUjyif bk&m;wql yGifhxGef;vmzdkYta&;onf tvGefBuD;rm;aom udpöjzpfí bk&m;tavmif;
ewfom;tm; ewfç jA[®mwdkUu 0kdif;0ef; awmif;yefMujcif;jzpfaMumif;? ,if;odkU awmif;yef&müvnf;
toifewfom;bk&m;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k êudwifa[mudef;xkwfjcif;rsdK; r[kwfbJ bk&m;jzpf&ef vlUNynfokdUqif;í
oaE¨,lyg[laom awmif;yefjcif;jzpfaMumif;/
bk&m;jzpfrnfhtaMumif;udk bk&m;tavmif;awmfu rodbJ ewfjA[®mwdkUu êudwifodESifhonf[k
a0zefjcif;rSmvnf; Ak'¨0ifpmom;udk em;vnfatmifrzwfíomjzpfaMumif;? pk'dwyk*¾dKvfwdkU a&;om;xm;ovdk
owfaozdkU&ef awmif;yefjcif;rsdK;vnf; r[kwfbJ yg&rD&ifhoefojzifh bk&m;jzpfcsdefa&mufíom oaE¨,l&ef
awmif;yefjcif;jzpfaMumif; ponfjzifh jyefvnfacsyjcif;jzifh apm'emMuonf/
6/ xkdUjyif a½Ttbd"r®maMujimcsufü ,aeUtxd t&darwå,sbk&m;tavmif;awmf\
tHhMozG,frsm; rawGU&[k qkdxm;jcif;rSm Zmwfawmfrsm;udk '@m&DykHjyif[k pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gefaMumifhom
jzpfaMumif;? wOD;OD;u xkdtHhMozG,frsm; awGU½Sd&vQifvnf; t&darwå,sbk&m;tavmif;awmf\
tHhMozG,frsm;[k rnfolrQ odEkdifrnf r[kwfaMumif;/

tpodkU
anmifwyifrSm trnfrodolwOD;u r,fawmfrm,mtm; tavmif;awmfod'¨w¬ oaE¨&atmif

ay;vkdufonf[k Ak'¨0ifrSm yg½SdaMumif; a½Ttbd"r®mu qdkxm;aomfvnf; rnfonfhax&0g' Ak'¨0ifürQ
ryg½SdaMumif; bk&m;tavmif; zGm;jrifpOfu tusdK;tuef;awG yuwdtaumif;jzpfukefonf? ewfjynf
i&JjynfawGukd jrif&onf[laom Ak'¨0iftqkdrSm vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; (2600) u tjzpftysufjzpfí
urÇmYorkdif;rSm rSwfwrf;rwifjcif;jzpfaMumif; ponfjzifh jyefvnfwifjyapm'emMuonf/
pk'dwmyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ aom"em (acsyvTm) tusOf;csKyf

aumufEkwfcsufrsm;
7/ pk'dwmyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ jyefvnfacsycsufrsm;teuf ocifjrwfqkdifjyefvnfacsy&mü -
(u) av;toacFsESifh urÇmwodef;paom pum;rsKd;udk Ak'¨½Sifawmfa[mawmfrl&ef rqdkxm;bd
wurÇm\ umvoufwrf;udkyif a[mawmfrrlaMumif; om"uxkwfjy&vQif
ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf terw*¾oH,kwf yAÁwokwfü &[ef;wyg;u jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;
þurÇm\oufwrf;udk ar;avQmufaomtcg urÇmonf tvGef½Snfvsm;vSí
ESpfaygif;&maxmifodef;oef;wkdUjzifh a&wGufjcif;iSm rvG,fulvSaMumif;?
Oyrmtm;jzifh tvsm; teH w,lZempD xkxnf&Sdaom ajrpdkifcJBuD;rS
tESpft&mvQif wBudrfom rkefnif;aph waphpmrQ,lcJhaomf ajrpdkifcJBuD;omukefoGm;í
wurÇmrSm rukefEkdifavmufatmif ½Snfvsm; vSaomaMumifh wckaomurÇm
ESpfckaomurÇm[kvnf;aumif; urÇmaygif; q,f&maxmifodef;oef; [kvnf;aumif;
rajymqdktyfaMumif; tb,faMumifhqkdaomf þurÇm\vnf;aumif; þoHo&m\
vnf;aumif; tptqkH;onf rxifEkdif vGwfajrmufjcif;iSmomvQif oifhvSaywnf;[k
rdefUawmfrlaMumif;/
(c) xdkUjyif tvm;wl omoyokwf om0uokwf **Fgokwfpaom om"ursm;udk
axmufívnf; av;toacFsESifh urÇmwodef; paom pum;rsKd;rSm Ak'¨½Sifawmf\
pum;r[kwfaMumif;? xkdUaMumifh "r®[',0dbif;üygaom ae0onmemonm,we
jA[®mwdkU\touf urÇm½Spfaomif; av;axmif qdkonfrSmvnf; Ak'ä[mESifh
rqdkifygaMumif;? yg&rDjznfhawmfrljcif;udkrl wynfhawmfwdkU jiif;qefjcif; rûyygaMumif;jzifh
jyefvnfwifjyacsyxm;onf/
(*) or®m'd|d okawoetzGJUcsKyfrS acsyvTmaom"emürl þtrSwf (19) Ak'¨0ifudpöudk
wynfhawmfwdkU jyefvnfracsyvkdaMumif;? rmyd#uorÜ'gaee *PSdw¬- [lí
Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwf a[m>rufcJhyg ao;onf? Ak'¨0ifusrf;rsm;wGif Ak'¨\*kPfawmfudk

tpodkU
xdcdkufaponfhtaMumif;t&m trsm;tjym; yg0ifaeonfudk jiif;qkdEkdifvQif

jiif;qdkzdkUtaMumif; jyefvnfwifjyacsyMuonf/
0denf;"kd&fq&mawmfwdkUESifh a0zefpdppfcsuf
av;toacFsESifh urÇmwodef; yg&rDjznfhawmfrlcJhjcif;
9/ ]]uHwnf;[laom taMumif;w&m;onf ½Sd\? xkduHtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom
tusdK;w&m;onf ½Sd\}} [lí udk,fawmfwdkif rSefuefpGm odjrifawmfrlojzifh ur®0g'D ud&d,0g'D
jzpfawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf vlYb0ç ewfb0ç wd&pämefb0 tp½Sdaom a½S;a½S;aom
b0aygif;rsm;pGmu 'ge oDv aeu©r® tp½Sdaom taMumif;uH ukodkvfyg&rDawmfwdkUudk
jznfhusifhqnf;yl;awmfrlcJhjcif;aMumifh oAÁñkwÓPfawmfocif jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sifjzpfí þowåavmuü
wef;wl &nfwl t&nfcsif;wl yk*¾dKvfr½Sd? rdrdwOD;wnf; wqlwnf; yGifhxGef;ay:aygufawmfrlvmcJh\/
10/ ,if;odkU oAÁñkbk&m;½Sif tjzpfjzifh yGifhxGef;zkdUtwGuf yg&rDawmfwkdUudk
jznfhusifhawmfrl&müvnf; b0tenf;i,frQ jznfhusifhcJhonfr[kwf? urÇmaygif; av;toacFsESifh wodef;
wdwdrQ umv Mumanmif; b0aygif;rsm;pGm jznfhusifhawmfrlcJh&aMumif;udk -
uayÜ p ow o[aó? pwka&m p tocØa,/
{w¬EÅa& ,H p&dwH? oAÁHwH aAmwdygpeH/
[lí p&d,myd#uygVdawmf (ESm 385) ü bk&m;½Sif udk,fawmfwkdif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonf/
jrefrmjyef
urÇmaygif; av;oacFsESifh wodef;rQ ½Snfvsm;aom þtcsdefumvtwGif;ü b0aygif;rsm;pGm
igbk&m;jznfhusifh qnf;yl;awmfrlcJhorQ 'ge oDv tp½Sdaom ukodkvfuHyg&rDawmftvkH;pkHonf
oAÁñkwÓPfaAm"d\ &ifhoefaMumif; w&m;taygif;jzpfonf? pk'dwu ocifjrwfqkdifonf yd#uwfokH;ykH
edum,fig;&yfudk EHSUpyfatmif rzwfEkdifí av;oacFsESifh urÇmwodef;udk bk&m;½Sifudk,fwkdif a[mcJhonfudk
rawGUrodaomaMumifh ol\ acsyvTmü av;oacFsESifh urÇmwodef; pum;rsdK;udk Ak'¨½Sifawmf ra[mcJh[lí
qdkrSm;rdayonf/
wurÇm\ oufwrf;
11/ pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdU ajymovdkr[kwfbJ av;oacFsESifh urÇmwodef;umvudk vnf;aumif;
wurÇm\ umvoufwrf;udkvnf;aumif; jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf? ,if;odkU
a[mMum;awmfrl&mü wurÇmonf tvGefUtvGef½Snfvsm;vSaomaMumifh ESpfaygif;w&m½Sdonf? ESpfaygif;
axmifaomif;odef;oef; ponf½Sdonf[lí urÇm\oufwrf;umvudk ESpfta&twGufjzifh owfrSwfí

tpodkU
rjzpfEdkif&um; oH,kwfygVdawmf terw*¾0*f yAÁwokwf omoyokwf (oH?1?389? 390) wkdUü

ausmufawmifOyrm rkefnif;aphOyrmjyí owfrSwfa[mMum;awmfrl\/
12/ yAÁwokwfü tvsm; teH tjrifh w,lZwmpD½SdNyD; tacgif;taygufr½Sd wcJeuf rmausm
uspfvspfodyfonf;vSaom ausmufawmifBuD;udk a,musfm;wpfa,mufonf umodwdkif;jzpf El;nHhvSpGmaom
t0wftxnfjzifh tESpfw&mw&mMumvQif wBudrf wBudrfrQom yGwfwdkufcJhaomf ausmufawmif
BuD;omvQif yGef;yJhukefcef;oGm;p&m½Sdí wurÇm[laom tcsdefumvum; rukefcrf;ao;? wurÇmonf
þrQavmuf umvMumjrifh\? þrQavmuf umvMumjrifhrS wurÇm tcsdefumvukefqkH;í owå0gwdkU
aexdkif&m pMum0Vm avmu"mwfwnf;[laom þMoumoavmuBuD;onf ysufpD;oGm;\[k
a[mawmfrlonf/
13/ omoyokwfü tvsm; teH tjrifh w,lZempD½Sdaom oHwHwdkif;BuD;jzifh um&Hxm;tyfaom
ûrdUBuD;twGif;ü vkH;cJxdpyf yl;uyfaeavmufatmif tjynhfodyfxnfhxm;tyfaom rkefnif;aph tykHBuD;xJrS
tESpfw&mMumvQif rkefnif;aphwaphwaphrQ xkwf,lcJhaomf rkefnif;aphawGom ukefcef;oGm;p&m½Sdí
wurÇmrSm rukefcef;Ekdifao;? þodkU jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrl\/
14/ ocifjrwfqdkifaom"emü yAÁwokwfESifh omoyokwfygVdawmfESpf&yfudk a&mpyfNyD;
½IyfaxG;vGJrSm;pGm jrefrmjyefqdkxm;\? xdkUaMumifh ygVdawmf\ qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜm,fay:vGifatmif yAÁwokwfudk
tusOf;csKyf jrefrmjyefqdkOD;rnf/
&[ef; tvsm; teH tjrifh w,lZempD&SdNyD; tvGefodyfonf;uspfvspfrmausmvSaom
ausmufawmifBuD;udk tESpfw&m w&mvQif wBudrf wBudrfrQom umodwkdif;jzpf t0wfEk t0wfyg;
uav;jzifh yGwfwdkufcJhaomf ausmufawmifBuD;om ukefqkH;ysufokOf;oGm;p&m½Sdí wurÇm[laom
tcsdefumvum; rukefqkH;ao;? &[ef; wurÇmtcsdefumvonf þrQavmuf ½Snfvsm;\? (wpOf
wwef;BuD; tqufrjywf jzpfvmcJhaom ½kyfemrfcE¨m oHo&mb0c&D;BuD;um; xdkUxufyif ½Snfvsm;ao;\?
xkdYaMumifh þoHo&mb0onf) wurÇmtcsdefumvrQ ½Snfvsm;MumjrifhNyD[kvnf; ajymí rjzpf? urÇmaygif;
&maxmifodef; ½Snfvsm;MumjrifhNyD[kvnf; ajymírjzpf? tb,faMumifhqkdaomf &[ef; þoHo&mb0rSm
tpr½Sd? jzpfpudk ½Smr&EdkifaomaMumifh jzpf\/
t0dZÆmtarSmifxkjzifh ydwfzkH;cH&NyD; wPSmaESmifêud;jzifh zGJUxkwfcsnfaESmifcH&aom wpfb0rS
wpfb0odkU ajy;oGm;usifvnfaeMuaom owå0gwdkU b,fwkef;urSpí jzpfcJhonf[lí oHo&mb0\
tOD;tp rxifrjrifEkdifay? &[ef;wdkU toifwdkUonf odkUuavmuf MumjrifhpGm 'ku©cHcJh&vSNyD? aqGrsdK;
om;csif;ponf ysufpD;aygif;rsm;pGmudk awGUêuHcHpm;cJh&vSNyD? okomefocFsKdif;vkyfwdkif; ajrykHudk xyfvsuf
qifhvsuf jrifhwufvmaptyfNyD? &[ef;wkdY tm;vkH;aom ½kyfemrfocFg&wdkUü tvGefyif NiD;aiGUoifh
pufqkyfoifhvSNyD? (xkd½kyfemrfocFg& oHo&mb0rS) tvGefyif vGwfajrmufoifh vGwfajrmufxkdufvSNyD? þodkY
a[mMum;awmfrl\/

tpodkU
15/ þygVdawmfonf ½kyfemrfcE¨m oHo&mb0c&D;pOfBuD; b,ftcsdefupí jzpfcJhonfudk

rxifrjrifEkdifavmufatmif ½Snfvsm;vSykHudk urÇm[laom ½Snfvsm;vSaomtcsdefumvjzifhyif
wkdif;wmowfrSwfí rjzpfEkdifaMumif;? xdkUaMumifh ½kyfemrfocFg& oHo&mb0ü tvGefyif NiD;aiGUpufqkyf
oifhaMumif;? xkdoHo&mb0rS vGwfajrmufatmif tm;xkwfoifhaMumif; a[mawmfrltyfaom ygVdawmf
jzpf\? pk'dwuocifjrwfqkdifxifovdk wurÇm\ oufwrf; owfrSwfcsufr&Sd[k a[mjyaom
ygVdawmfr[kwf? ocifjrwfqkdifonf jrefrmpmwwfí ygVdawmfjrefrmjyefudk zwfaomfvnf; bk&m;a[m
okwfw&m;u bmudkqdkvdkonf[k vkd&if;udk rodww½&Smay/
toacFs,uyfav;uyfNynfhvQifwpfurÇm
16/ xdkrQavmuf MumjrifhvSaom urÇm[laom tcsdefumvukd wurÇm ESpfurÇmponfjzifh
ydkif;jcm;owfrSwf&mü owå0gwkdU\ wnfae&m pMu0VmurÇm avmu (Moumoavmu) BuD;\
tjzpftysuf ajymif;vJrIjzifh owfrSwf&\? owfrSwfykHrSm -
(u) oH0¥taoacFs,s = tvGef tvGef ½Snfvsm;vSaom tcsdefumvawG ukefvGefoGm;onfh
tcg þurÇmavmuBuD;onf rD;-a&-av okH;rsdK;wkdUwGif wrsKd;rsdK;jzifh
ysufpD;oGm;vdrfhrnf? rD;avmifí ysufpD;oGm;rnfhurÇmjzpftHh? ysufpD;cgeD;wGif a½S;OD;pGm
urÇmzsufrdk;BuD; ½GmoGef;\? xdkYaemuf ESpfaygif; þa½GUþrQ[k rcefUrSef;Ekdifavmufatmif
Mumjrifhaomtcg rD;avmif\? xdkodkU tBuD;tus,f awmufavmifaeaom
urÇmzsufrD;BuD;onf tPkjrLrQ jymuav;rQ rD;pmrusefonftxd avmifuRrf;NyD;rS
Nidrf;oGm;\? þenf;tm;jzifh urÇmzsufrdk; ½GmonfrSpí rD;awmufrD;vQH
Nidrf;oGm;onfwkdifatmif tvGeftvGef MumjrifhvSaom tcsdefumvudk
oH0¥toacFs,suyf[kac:\/
(c) oH0¥Xm,D toacFs,suyf = xdkurÇmzsufrD;BuD; Nidrf;oGm;NyD;aemuf rD;avmifjyif
½GmysufBuD;uJhodkU urÇmajrxkESihf taqmifta,mifbkHXmeawG bmrQr½Sdao;bJ
[if;vif;jyifaumif;uifBuD; taejzifh ysufpD;onfhykHpHtwkdif; wnfaevmcJh&m
,cifutwkdif; ESpfta&twGuf rcefUrSef;Edkifavmufatmif tcsdefawG ukefvGefNyD;rS
urÇmûyrkd;BuD; ½Gmcsvkduf\? ,if;odkU urÇmzsufrD;BuD; Nidrf;oGm;NyD;onf rSpí
urÇmûyrdk;½Gmonftxd tvGeftvGef tcsdefMumjrifhpGm [if;vif;jyiftwkdif; wnfae&mtcsdef
umvudk oH0¥Xm,DtoacFs,suyf[kac:\/
(*) 0d0¥toacFs,suyf = urÇmûyrdk;BuD; ½GmoGef;NyD;aemuf urÇmYtaqmuftOD bkHXmeawG
pkHvifpGmjzifh aeveu©wfawG ay:xifjrif&onftxd tvGeftvGef MumjrifhpGm
urÇmBuD;wnfaxmifaeqJ tcsdefukd 0d0¥toacFs,suyf [kac:\/

tpodkU
(C) 0d0¥Xm,DtoacFs,suyf = aeveu©wfawGay:í urÇmYtaqmuftODawG pkHvifonfrS pí

aemufxyfurÇmzsufrdk;½Gmonftxd urÇmol urÇmom;? owå0gtrsm; aexdkifMuonfh
tvGef tvGefMumjrifhaom umvudk 0d0¥Xm,DtoacFs,suyf [kac:\/
17/ xdktoacFs,suyf av;rsdK;udk wpfurÇm[kac:onf? þenf;tm;jzifh owå0gwkdU aexdkif&m
urÇmavmu pMum0VmBuD;\ jzpfysufûyjyif ajymif;vJrIudkMunfhí wpfurÇm ESpfurÇmponfjzifh
urÇm\oufwrf;udk ydkif;jcm;uefUowf&onf/ (t*kFwådK&fygVdawmf pwkuúedygwf? uyÜokwf? ESm-460/
owåuedygwf? owåol&d,okwf ESm-474/ 'DCedum,fygxdu0*fygVdawmf t*¾nokwf? ESm-69/ 0dok'¨dr*f?
'k ESm-44)/
"r®[', 0dbif;tqdktrdefU
18/ pk'dwuocifjrwfqkdif aom"emü ]]"r®[',0dbif;üygaom ae0onmemonm,we
jA[®mwdkU\ toufurÇmaygif; ½Spfaomif;av;axmif[laom pum;rSm Ak'ä[mESifh rqkdifyg}} [k qdk
xm;\/ xdktqdkudk pdppf&aomf -
þ (19) aom"em\ tpydkif;wkef;u av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef;paom pum;rsdK;udk
rqdkxm;bd? wpfurÇm\ umvoufwrf;udkyif Ak'¨½Sifra[myg}} [lí ocifjrwfqkdifu
qdkxm;cJhonfhtwkdif; tu,fí urÇm\ oufwrf;udk bk&m;ra[mvQif tykdif;jcm;r½Sdatmif ½Snfvsm;aom
urÇmBuD;udk wpfurÇm ESpfurÇmponfjzifh ydkif;jzwfa&wGufvkdU rjzpfEkdif? odkUaomf
"r®[',0dbif;ygVdawmfüum; jA[®mwkdU\ oufwrf;udk urÇmaygif;½Spfaomif;av;axmif ponfjzifh
a[mxm;jcif;aMumifh wpfurÇm ESpfurÇmponfjzifh urÇm\ oufwrf;udkyg ydkif;jzwfuefUowfí
a[mNyD;jzpfae\? xkdUaMumifh ]]wpfurÇm\ oufwrf;udk Ak'¨½Sifra[m}} [lí yxrqdkcJhaom rdrdpum;ESifh
rqefUusifatmif ]]urÇmaygif; ½Spfaomif;av;axmif}} [laom pum;udkvnf; Ak'ä[mESifh rqkdif[lí
ocifjrwfqkdifu y,fzsufuefUuGufjcif; jzpfwef&monf/
odkUaomf jA[®mwkdU\ toufta&twGufudk tbd"r®mygVdawmf "r®[',0dbif;üomru
t*kFwådK&fygVdawmf wduedygwfmaeÍÆokwf ESm-270-üvnf;aumif; pwkuúedygwf yxrememu&Pokwf
441-ü vnf;aumif; a[mxm;ayonf/ ,if;odkU a[mxm;jcif;jzifhvnf; wpfurÇm ESpfurÇm ponfjzifh
urÇm\ oufwrf;udkyg ydkif;jzwfuefUowfNyD; jzpfawmhonf/ (ocifjrwfqkdifonf þ tmaeÍÆokwf
ememu&PokwfwkdUudk zwfzl;[efrwlay/)
rSwfcsuf / / "r®[',0dbif;ygVdawmf 437-438- ponfwdkUü vlUbkH ewf (6) bkH jA[®mbkH (20)
wkdU\ oufwrf;udk a[mxm;awmfrl\? xdkwGif ukokdvfuHpGrf;tm;okdUvkdufí bkHpOftwkdkif; ewfwdkUrSm
tESpfig;&m tESpfwpfaxmifponfjzifh qifhuJ qifhuJ touf½SnfMuí jA[®mwdkUrSmrl urÇmESifhcsDí
touf½SnfMu\? xdkwGif psmeformywf½Spfyg;½Sdonfhteuf tpGrf;xufjrufqkH; psmeformywf\

tpodkU
t½Sdeft[kefaMumifh tqifhtjrifhqkH; a0onmemonm,we jA[®mbkHü jzpfMu&aomaMumifh xkdbkHom;

jA[®mwkdUrSm r[muyf (urÇm)aygif; ½Spfaomif;av;axmiftxd touf½SnfMuí ¤if;wdkUxuf
touf½Snfaom owå0gr½Sdawmhay/
av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; a&wGufykH

19/ azmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; tvGefMumjrifhvSpGmaom wpfurÇm[kac:aom tcsdefukefvGefoGm;
wkdif; vlwkdUaexkdif&m pMum0Vm avmu"mwf [kac:aom MoumoavmuBuD;wpfckwpfck ysufpD;oGm;
av&m ,if;odkU ysufpD; ukefqkH;oGm;aom urÇmavmutaygif;udk ckç q,fç &m *Pef;csí þa½GUþrQ [k
rowfrSwfEkdif? rcefUrSef;Ekdifavmufatmif ½Snfvsm;aom tcsdefumvudk urÇmtoacFs [kac:\?
xkdurÇmtoacFsudk wpfck ESpfck ponfjzifh owfrSwfaomtcg bk&m;wpfqlESifh wqlwkdU\ tMum;
umvjzifh wkdif;wmowfrSwf&\? owfrSwfykHrSm -
(u) igwdkU a*gwrbk&m;tavmif; okar"m&aohudk {uefbk&m;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k Asm'dwfay;awmf
rlcJhaom 'DyuF&mjrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmfrlNyD;onfhaemuf urÇmtoacFs
ukefvGefaomtcg om&rnfaom wpfckaomurÇmü aum@nrnfaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
yGifhxGef;awmfrlvm\? 'DyuF&m jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdU\tMum;umvudk urÇmtoacFswpfck[k
owfrSwf&\/
(c) xdkaum@njrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHvGefawmfrlNyD;aemuf urÇmtoacFs ukefvGefoGm;
aomtcg om&r@rnfaom urÇmü r*Fvbk&m;ç okrebk&m;ç a&0wbk&m;ç
aombdwbk&m; [lí bk&m;av;ql yGifhawmfrl\? aum@nbk&m;ESifh yxrOD;qkH;
r*Fvbk&m;&SifwkdU\ tMum;umvudk 'kwd, urÇmtoacFs[k owfrSwf&\/
(*) xkd om&r@urÇmrS aemufqkH; aombdwbk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmfrlNyD;aemuf
0&rnfaom urÇmü taem'róDbk&m;ç y'krbk&m;ç em&'bk&m; [lí bk&m;okH;ql
yGifhawmfrl\? ,cif aombdwbk&m;½SifESifh taem'róDbk&m;½SifwdkU\ tMum;umvudk
wwd, urÇmtoacFs[k owfrSwf&\/
(C) em&'jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmef pHvGefawmfrlNyD;aemuf urÇmtoacFs ukefvGefoGm;aomtcg
y'krkwå&jrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhawmfrl\? xkd em&'jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh y'krkwå&
jrwfpGmbk&m;wkdU\ tMum; umvudk pwkw¬ urÇmtoacFs[k owfrSwf&\?
þenf;tm;jzifh urÇmtoacFsav;ck (av;toacFs) jzpf\/
(i) xkdy'krkwå&jrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlNyD;aemuf urÇmwpfodef; ukefvGefaomtcg
,ck igwkdU\ b'´rnfaom urÇmü uukoE¨ jrwfpGmbk&m;ç aumPm*re jrwfpGmbk&m;ç
uóy jrwfpGmbk&m;ç a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m; [lí bk&m;av;ql yGifhNyD;avNyD? y'krkwå&

tpodkU
jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmef pHvGefNyD;aemuf þb'úrÇmü uukoef jrwfpGmbk&m;txd

xdkukefvGefoGm;aom urÇmwpfodef;udk xyfíxnfhvQif a*gwrbk&m; yg&rDjznfh&aom
av;toacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; jzpfayawmhonf/
(Ak'¨0HoygVd 382ESifh p&d,myd#u tXuxm ESm - 15 wGif Munfhyg/)
rm yd#uorÜ'gaee *PSdw¬\ qdkvdk&if;

20/ pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwdkYonf ]]rm yd#uorÜ'gaee *PSdw¬}} [laom auorkwådokwf ygVd0gus
udk vufokH;ûyNyD;vQif -
]]Ak'¨0ifusrf;rsm;wGif Ak'¨*kPfawmfudk xdcdkufaom taMumif;t&m trsm;tjym; yg0ifaeonfudk
jiif;qdkEkdifvQif jiif;qkdyg}} [k wifjyajymqdkum olwdkU\ ½kyf0g'tjrifjzifh rudkufnDaom
Ak'¨0ifa'oemawmfudk xkwfy,fvkdMu\? trSefwu,ftm;jzifhum; xkdauorkwådokwf ygVd0gus\
qdkvdk&if;rSm -
rmyd#uorÜ'gaee *PSdw¬ = igonf pmayusrf;*efwwfajrmufNyD;ol jzpfonf[lí rdrd\
usrf;*efwwfajrmufrIudk tm;udk;tm;xm;ûyNyD;vQif þpum; þt,l0g'onf igoif,lxm;aom
usrf;*efESifh udkufnDonf[lí twnftNrJ pGJrSwfrxm;Muukefvifh? þodkUqkd\/
Ak'¨0ifa'oem paom w&m;awmfrsm;onf igwkdU oif,lzwf½Ixm;aom þpmtkyf þpmtkyf
rsm;ESifh udkufnDonf[k twnftNrJ pGJrSwfrxm;Muvifh[k qdkvdkonfr[kwf? igbk&m;\ pum;ukdvnf;
,kHoifhrS,kHMu xkwfy,foifhu xkwfy,fMu[lívnf; qdkvdkonfr[kwf/
21/ trSefpifppf xdkacwf xdktcgu auorkwårnfaom ed*kH;½GmBuD;okdU bmoma&; *kdPf;q&m
trsdK;rsdK; yk*¾dKvftrsdK;rsdK; a&mufvmwwfMu\? xdkyk*¾dKvfrsm;teuf usrf;*efESHUpyfwwfajrmufol
q&mwql[k txifBuD;cHae&aom yk*¾dKvfwcsdKUonf olwyg; txifao;rnfpdk;aomaMumifh rodvQif
rodaMumif; ½Sif;½Sif;bGif;bGif; 0efrcHEkdifMu? xdkolwdkUonf oDv orm"d wu,f&Sdí pOf;vJ
aumufuspfrIuif;aom ynm½Sd olawmfaumif;rsm; r[kwfMuaomaMumifh a,mifa,mif0g;0g;
wwfa,mifum; vkyfwwfMu\? xkdolwdkU\pum;udk tm;udk;tm;xm;ûyí pGJNrJrSwfom;rxm;&? a0zef&rnf?
pdppf&rnf? vufcHoifhrS vufcH&rnf/
22/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf umvmrtrsdK;om;wkdUtm; a½S;OD;pGm þuJhokdU trSm;trSefukd a0zefap
vkdaomaMumifh ]]ax wkarS umvmrm rm tEkóa0e rm y&rÜ&m, rm yd#uorÜ'gaee}} [laom
pum;rsm;jzifh tpcsDNyD;vQif raumif;usdK;ay;aom tukodkvfESifh aumif;usdK;ay;aom ukodkvfwkdUudk rdrdwkdU
udk,fwkdifodatmif êud;pm;tm;xkwf&efESifh xdkodkUodaomtcg tukodkvfudk y,fpGefUí ukodkvfw&m;udk
êud;pm;tm;xkwfûyvkyf&ef tus,fw0ifh tqkH;tr Mo0g'ay;aomtm;jzifh þauorkwådokwfudk
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonf/

tpodkU
23/ ,if;odkUaom tpDtpOfjzifh a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom auorkwådokwfrS ]]rm yd#uorÜ'g

aee *PSdw¬}} [laom pum;0gusudk vGJrSm;pGm t"dyÜm,faumuf,ltokH;ûyum (0g) vufeuftjzpf
tokH;csum rdrdwdkU qkyfudkifxm;aom ½kyf0g'tjrifjzifh rudkufnDwkdif; rdrdwdkU ÓPfrrDwkdif; oHo,0ifwkdif;
b,fokwf b,fygVd b,f*gxmonf ,kwdår½Sdbl; bk&m;a[m r[kwfbl;qkdNyD; xkwfy,f&ef
toif;tyif;zGJUNyD; êud;pm;aeMujcif;onf rvkyfoifh rvkyfxkdufaom omoemzsufonfh vkyf&yfom
jzpfayonf/
xdkUjyif Ak'ÿgVdawmfü Ak'¨*kPfawmfudk xdcdkufapaom taMumif;t&m trsm;tjym; yg0ifonf[k
a&;om;ajymqdkaeMuaomfvnf; rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onf Ak'¨*kPfawmfudk xdcdkufaponf[k
twdtus racsqdkMu? trSefwu,ftm;jzifh Ak'¨0ifygVdawmfü -
(u) a½S;bk&m;½SifwdkU txHawmfü a*gwrbk&m;tavmif;awmf Asm'dwfcH,lawmfrlykH?
(c) bk&m;tavmif;awmfonf 'ge oDv tp½Sdaom yg&rDq,fyg; olawmfaumif;w&m;wkdU
udk bk&m;jzpfjcif;\ taMumif;tjzpfjzifh pl;prf;qifjcif okH;oyfawmfrlykH?
(*) a½S;a½S;bk&m;½SifwdkUonf owå0gwdkU\tusdK;udk aqmif½GufawmfrlykHç owå0gwdkUudk
oHo&m0#f'ku©rS u,fwifawmfrlykH -
þodkU tp&Sdaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk a[mMum;xm;ayonf? xkdAk'¨0ifygVdawmfü b,ftcsufrQ
Ak'¨*kPfawmfudk xdckdufapjcif;r½Sd? ½dk;om;jzLpifaom apwemo'¨gw&m;½Sd½Sdjzifh zwf½IMum;em olrsm;twGuf
tvGefMunfñdkzG,f pdwfESvkH;csrf;ajrhzG,f ygVdawmfBuD;om jzpfonf/
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwkdU\ pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;rS (u) (c) paom

aumufEkwfcsuf pum;&yfrsm;udk pdppfokH;oyfcsuf
24/ (u) (c) paom Ak'¨0ifudk ykwfcwfonfhpum;&yfrsm;onf rdrdwkdUr,kHMunfvQif
r,kHMunfovdk at;at; aq;aq;raeMubJ ,kHMunfolwdkUtm; apmfum;vsuf ½dkaoav;pm;jcif;
uif;rJhpGmjzifh ajymifavSmif jyufacsmf oa&mufapmfum; a&;om;xm;onfjzpf&um; apm'uyk*¾dKvfwkdU
apm'emonfhtwkdif;yif omoemawmf ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif; ajymqkdaom pum;rsm; trSefjzpfayonf/
xkdpum;&yfrsm;wGif -
(u) ]]bk&m;tavmif;awmfewfom; udk,fwkdifrodaomudpöudk ewfjA[®mwdkUu êudwifNyD;
bk&m;jzpfrnfhol[k odxm;ESifhovdkvdk wifpD;xm;vkdufMuonf}} [laom pum;udk
pdppfokH;oyf&aomf-
bk&m;ryGifhxGef;rD ESpfaygif;wpfaxmiftcsdefuyif ok'¨hg0gojA[®mwkdUonf ]]tcsif;wkdY tESpf
wpfaxmifausmfvGefvQif oAÁñkwbk&m; yGihfxGef;ay:vmvdrfhrnf? oAÁñkwbk&m; yGifhxGef;ay:vm vdrfhrnf}}
[k vSnfhvnf a<u;aMumfaeMujcif;aMumifh Ak'äumvm[vpum;onf ewfjA[®mwdkU tcsif;csif;awGUqkHrdu

tpodkU
ajymqdkaeus pum;jzpf\? xdkUaMumifh bk&m;tavmif;awmf aowauwk ewfom;onf vmrnfh

'kwd,b0ü rdrdudk,fukd bk&m;jzpfrnfh yk*d¾Kvf[k rodEkdifp&m taMumif;r½Sday/
25/ xdkUjyif oufwrf;&Snfaomewfjynfü jzpfMuaom yg&rDrjynfhonfh bk&m;tavmif;
ewfom;wdkUonf ewfjynfü yg&rDjznfh&ef cJ,Of;vSaomaMumifh ewfoufwrf; ukefqkH;onfhtxd ewfjynfü
raeMuawmhbJ ewfoufudkacRum vlUjynfü y#doaEäeMu\? bk&m;tavmif;awmf aowauwk
ewfom;onfum; vmrnfh'kwd,b0ü {uefrkcs bk&m;jzpf&ef yg&rDawmfrsm; jynfhpkHNyD; jzpf&um;
ewfoufwrf;ukefonftxd wkwdomewfjynfü ae\? xkdUaMumifh ]]£'ged teEÅa& twå bma0 Aka'¨g
b0dómrd}} [laom okwfr[m0gtXuwm 21-ESifhtnD bk&m;tvmif; aowauwkewfom;rSm ]]igonf
vmrnfh 'kwd,b0ü {uefrkcs bk&m;jzpfrnf}} [k odonfomjzpfonf/ (ZmwftXuxm y - 57?
Ak'¨0HotXuxm? 317/ 'DCedum,f r[m0*¾tXuxm 20/)
(c) owfaocdkif;onf[laom pum;&yfrsm; pdppfcsuf

26/ (c) pum;ü pMum0Vmwaomif;rS ewfjA[®m taygif;wdkUu bk&m;tavmif;
ewfom;tm; udk,fhudk,fudk owfaocdkif;onf[k or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUom;wkdU\ a&;om;csufudk
txl;pdppfp&m rvdk? ,kwfrmvSaom apwemqdk;jzifh rMum;aumif;remom a&;om;xm;onf[kom
qdk&awmhrnf? aowauwk ewfom;crsmrSm ewfpnf;pdrfyif cHpm;cGifhr&awmhbJ vufuwD;Mum;rS
acR;,dkpD;um rdIifawGvsuf pkawcJh&onf[k a&;om;xm;onfrSmvnf; £wd0kwfygVdawmf 247 ESifh
,if;t|uxm 249-wdkU\ tqdktrdefUudk wpfqifhpum; wpfqifhem;jzifh rjynfhrpHkMum;zl;xm;onfudk
twnfûyum ysufacsmfacsmf a&;om;xm;jcif; jzpf\? tjynfhtpHkum; þodkU jzpf\/
ewfwdkU pkawcgeD; a&SUajy;edrdwfig;rsdK;

27/ ewfwdkU pkawaovGefjcif; rûyrD vlwdkU\ta&twGufjzifh ckepf&ufavmufu êudwifí
aoawmhrnfh txdrf;trSwf a½SUajy;edrdwfig;yg; txift½Sm; jyvmukef\/
(u) ewfjzpfptcsdefu (y#doaEäepOfu) yefqifvmcJhaom yef;rsm;ñdk;EGrf;ukef\/
(c) 0wfqifxm;aom ewf0wfwefqmrsm; npfEGrf;ukef\/
(*) vufuwD;Mum;rS acR;aygufrsm; ,kdpD;vmukef\/
(C) a½S;uuJhodkU udk,fa&mifudk,f0g wvufvuf rxGufEdkifawmhbJ ½kyfysufqif;ysuf
jzpfvmum udk,fcE¨m yifyef;ñdk;EGrf; vm\/
(i) xdkewfonf a½S;uuJhodkU ol\bHkAdrmefü ewforD;rsm;ESifh aysmfaysmfyg;yg; raeEdkifawmhbJ
pdwfom,m csrf;ajrhrIuif;í ysif;&dNiD;aiGUvm\/

tpodkU
þa½SUajy;edrdwfig;rsdK;onf ewfwdkif;rSm xifay:vmonf r[kwf? vlUjynfü ajrivsif wkefvIyfjcif;

tp&Sdaom edrdwfwdkUonf bkef;wefcdk;BuD;aom bk&ifrsm;twGufom xifay:vmukefouJhodkU
wefcdk;BuD;aomewfrsm;rSmom xdka½SUajy;edrdwfrsm; xif½Sm;vmukef\? ,if;odkU xifay:vmaomtcgüvnf;
ightwGuf pkawaovGefzdkUa½SUajy;edrdwfawG xifay:vmjyD? rMumrD igaoawmhrnf[lí aozdkUa½SUajy;edrdwf
jzpfaMumif;ukd ewfwdkif; odonfr[kwf? vlUjynfü edrdwfzwfwwfaomol eu©wfem;vnfol ynm½Sifrsm;om
a½SUajy;edrdwfudk odEdkifouJhodkU ynm½Sdaom ewfrsm;om odEdkifukef\/
28/ a½S;a½S;wkef;u ûycJhaom ukodkvfaumif;rIenf;yg;aom ewfrsm;onf xdkedrdwfrsm;ukd
jrif&aomtcg aMumuf½GHUxdwfvefUMuukef\? ukodkvfaumif;rIrsm;pGm ûycJh qnf;yl;cJhaom ewfrsm;rSmum;
]]igwdkUrSm 'ge oDv bm0emawG tqifoifh&SdjyD; jzpfí txufewfjynfrSm jzpf&awmhrnf}}[k aocsmpGm
odojzifh aMumuf½GHU xdwfvefUjcif; r½Sdukef? bk&m;tavmif;awmf aowauwk ewfom;rSmvnf; 'ge oDv
paom yg&rDawmfrsm;tjynfhtpHk jznfhusifhjyD;jzpf&um; þewfb0u pkawjyD;aemuf vlUjynfa&mufvQif
{uefrkcs bk&m;jzpfawmhrnf[k taotcsm odjyD;jzpfaomaMumifhaMumuf½GHUxdwfvefUjcif; tvQif;r&SdbJ
pkawcgeD;tcsdefü pdwf"mwfMunfom vGefpGm csrf;ajrh aysmfarGUawmfrl\/
vlUjynfü y#doaEäe&ef ewfjA[®mwdkU awmif;yefjcif;

29/ wpfaomif;aom pMum0VmrS ewfjA[®mwdkUonf bk&m;tavmif;awmf ewfom;tm;
xdka½SUajy;edrdwfrsm; ray:xifrD (tcsdefrusrD)u êudwifí awmif;yefMuonf r[kwfukef? a½SUajy;erdwfrsm;
xifay:jyorSomvQif wnDwñGwfwnf; a&mufvmMujyD;vQif tavmif;awmf ewfom;tm; bk&m;jzpf&ef
vlUjynfodkUqif;í r,fawmf0rf;wdkufü y#doaEäeawmfrlygrnfhtaMumif; atmufygtwdkif;
awmif;yefMuukef\/
umavm acg aw r[m0D&? OyZÆ rmwkukpäd,H/
oa'0uH wm&,aEÅm? AkZÑók trwH y'H (ck? 4? 305) /
jrefrmjyef
vHkUv0D&d, jyif;jyBuD;rm;awmfrlaom tdk tavmif;awmfewfom; bk&m;jzpf&m umvtcsdef
usa&mufygjyD? r,fawmf 0rf;wdkufü pGJydkufoaE¨wnfaeawmfrlyg? ewfESifhwuGaom owå0gtaygif;udk
u,fwifawmfrlum aojcif;uif;&m tûrdufedAÁmefudk ÓPfrsufpdwGif; ½Sif;vif;ay:xifodjrifawmfrlyg/
xdktcg bk&m;tavmif;awmfewfom;onf bk&m;jzpfxdkufaom tcsdefç bk&m;jzpf&m uRef;ç
bk&m;jzpf&m a'oç bk&m;jzpf&m trsdK;ç r,fawmf\ touf tydkif;tjcm; þig;rsdK;wdkUudk
MunfhawmfrljyD;vQif awmif;yefvmMuaom ewfjA[®mwdkUtm; 0efcHcsufy#dnmOfay;um ewfjynfrS pkawí
r,fawmfrm,ma'0D\ 0rf;wdkufü y#doaEäeawmfrlayonf/
(okwf r[m0g r[my'geokwf t|uwm 20? 21? 22/)

tpodkU
(*) qifjzLawmftdyfruf pum;&yfudk pdppfcsuf

30/ r,fawmf r[mrm,ma'0D tdyfrufay;cef;zGifhqdk&mü t[dwfwd&pämefBuD;
tdyfrufay;&aumif;vm;? ewfom;acsmacsmvSvSav; tdyfrufray;&aumif;vm;[k opöm"r®pmapmifü
tusdK;udk vdkvm;ovdka&;om;xm;\? tu,fí ewfom;vSvSav; tdyfrufay;onf qdkygvQifvnf;
OD;Ouú|\wynfh or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUonf r,fawmfrm,mudk ewfom;ESifh azmufjyefonf[k
pGyfpGJMurnfom jzpfonf? trSefpifppf t,medaom reodum& tukodkvfpdwfxm;jzifh rav;rpm;
½Iwfcsa&;om;aeMujcif;om jzpf\? t[dwf wd&pämefqifBuD;[k pk'dwuwdkUu ½Iwfcsxm;aomfvnf;
½dk;½dk;qif r[kwfbJ qifjzLawmf&wemBuD;tjzpf tdyfrufjrifrufjcif; jzpfayonf/
31/ bk&m;tavmif;\ r,fawmf r[mrm,ma'0Donf bk&m;tavmif;awmf y#doaEäernfh
0gqdkvjynfhaeUwGif eHeufapmapm tdyf&mrSxí eHUomjzifh a&csdK;jyD;um av;odef;ukeftvªBuD; ay;vª\?
xdkUaemuft0wfwefqmrsm; 0wfqifjyD; aumif;jrwfaom abmZOfudk pm;aomufí ½Spfyg;oDvudk
aqmufwnfvsuf usufoa&aqmifwkdufcef;odkU 0ifjyD; tdyf&may:ü avsmif;puftdyfaysmfaepOftcsdefwGif
ewfrif;BuD; av;a,mufwdkUonf r[mrm,ma'0Dudk tdyf&mckwifESifhwuG csDrí [dr0EÅmodkU
o,faqmifoGm;jyD;vQif ,lZem 60-&Sdaom aq;'ef; jrif;oDvm ausmufjzmay:0,f ckESpf,lZem½Sdaom
tifMuif;yifBuD; wpfyif\ atmufü csxm;jyD;aemuf rdrdwdkUurl oifhavsmfonfh ae&mü &yfaeMuukef\?
xdktcg xkdewfrif;BuD;wdkU\ewforD;wdkUonf r[mrm,ma'0Dudk taemwwåtdkifodkU o,faqmifoGm;jyD;vQif
vlUtnpftaMu; oefUpifzdkUtwGuf a&csdK;apjyD;um ewf0wfwefqmudk 0wfqifvsuf ewfwdkU\ eHUomjzifh
vdrf;usH ewfyef;udkvnf; yefqifapjyD;í xdktaemwwåtdkifteD;½Sd aiGawmiftwGif;rS a½TAdrmefü
ta½SUodkUOD;acgif;ûyum ewftdyf&mudk cif;ay;jyD;tdyfapMuukef\/
32/ xdktcg teD;tem;&Sd a½TawmifrS qifjzLawmfBuD;wpfpD; qif;vmjyD;vQif aiGawmifay:odkU
wufí ajrmuft&yfrS vmjyD;um aiGyef;ukH;ESifhwlaom ESmarmif;jzifh y'krmMumjzLudk,lí êud;MumoHay;vsuf
a½TAdrmeftwGif; 0ifvmjyD;vQif r,fawmfr[mrm,ma'0D\ tdyf&mudk oHk;Mudrfwdwd vuf,m&pf vSnfhywfí
vuf,mbufeHyg;udk azmufxGif;vsuf 0rf;wGif;odkU 0ifvmonfhtoGif tdyfrufjrifrufavonf/
(Zmwft|uxm y-59/ ty'geft|uxm y-61 )/
þuJhodkU tvGeftHhMozG,f aumif;avmufatmif xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fvSpGm qifjzLawmf&wemBuD;
0ifvmonfhtoGif tdyfrufjrifrufonfudk rav;rpm; ½Iwfcsa&;om;Mujcif; jzpfayonf/
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkUonf wm0eft&vnf;aumif;? ½dk;om;jzLpifaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUtaejzifh
tjrifrrSm;apcsifívnf;aumif; ,ckvdk oHk;oyfa&;om;aeaomfvnf; OD;Ouú|ESifh ol\wynfh
or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkU\ tvGefUtvGeftqifhtwef;edrfhaom a0zefcsufwdkUudk oHk;oyf&onfrSm vGefpGm
jiD;aiGUawmfrlMuayonf/

tpodkU
(C) ewfokwfpaom pum;&yfudk pdppfcsuf

33/ o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf ygVdawmfü ygaom ewfESifh qdkifaom okwfrsm;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;\
oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk apmfum;aom okwfrsm;jzpfonf[k opöm"r®pmapmifü a&;om;xm;\? odkUaomf
xdkodkUa&;om;xm;onfhtwdkif; oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk apmfum;aom okwfrsm; r[kwf? trSeftm;jzifhum;
a'0wmoH,kwf? a'0ykwåoH,kwfwdkUü -
(u) ewfwdkUonf jrwfpGmbk&m;xH vma&mufí olwdkUrodaom taMumif;t&mwdkUudk ar;jref;í
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ajzqdka[mMum;xm;aom okwfrsm;?
(c) oHa0*jzpfzG,f taMumif;t&mESifh tjcm;aom pdwf0ifpm;zG,ftaMumif;t&mwdkUudk olwdkU
t,ltq olwdkU xifjrifcsuftwdkif; jrwfpGmbk&m;xH vma&mufavQmufxm;í
jrwfpGmbk&m;u olwdkUpum;udk jyifoifhonfudk jyifqifjznfhpGufí a[mMum;xm;aom
okwfrsm;?
(*) xdkuJhodkU jyifqifjznfhpGufp&mrvdkawmhojzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif
vufcHtwnfûyxm;aom okwfrsm;?
(C) tcsdKU&[ef;rsm; w&m;tm;rxkwfbJ arhavsmh ayghqaexdkifMuonfudk
awGUjrif&aomaMumifh xdk&[ef;wdkUudk owday;aomokwfrsm; -
þodkU ponfjzifh okwfaygif;rsm;pGm yg0ifonf/ xdkUaMumifh ygVdawmfrsm;udk aocsmpGm
oif,lavhvmojzifh trSefw&m;udk oabmaygufodjrifem;vnfaom ynm½Sdolawmfaumif;wdkUonf
þa'0wmoH,kwfygVdawmfrsm;udkav;pm;aomonfxuf av;pm;MunfñdkMuonf? oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk
apmfum;aom okwfrsm;[lí wpf&HwpfcgrQ rxifjrifMu? xdkuJhodkU odem;vnfatmifvnf; ½dk;om;aom
pdwfxm; o'¨gw&m;jzifh ygVdawmfrsm;udk oif,lrSwfom; Mum;emzdkU vdkayonf/
ewfESifhqdkifaom okwfrsm;onf oAÁñkwÓPfawmfudk apmfum;onf[k or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJUom;wdkUu a&;om; ajyma[mjcif;onf bk&m;½Sifudk txiftjrifao;atmif zefwD;csuf jzpfonf?
ewfudkr,Hkaom ½kyf0g'DwdkUu þae&mwGifrl ewfudk vufcHMujyefonf/
(i) bk&m;udk q&mvkyf paom pum;&yfudk pdppfcsuf

34/ ]]wPSmudk y,fjzwfygavm? udavomumrç 0w¬KumrwdkUudk y,fpGefUygavm}}paom
*gxmrsm;jzifh wm,eewfom;u jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmufxm;jcif;onf opöm"r®pmapmifü pGyfpGJxm;ovdk
q&mvkyfvdkí avQmufxm;jcif; r[kwf? xdk*gxmrsm;onf 0D&d,w&m; wdk;yGm;apEdkifonfh tzdk;wef*gxmrsm;
jzpf\? xdkUaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk wdkuf½dkufavQmufxm;aeaomfvnf; trSefwu,ftm;jzifhum;
jrwfpGmbk&m;udk &nf½G,fíavQmufxm;onf r[kwfbJ cka&m aemifyg &[ef;½SifvlwdkUudk oDv orm"d ynm

tpodkU
tusifhodu©mwdkUü wdk;wufjrifhrm;atmif êud;pm;tm;xkwfzdkU wdkufwGef;EId;aqmf owday;onfhtaejzifh

avQmufxm;jcif; jzpf\/
35/ xdkUaMumifhyif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf xdk*gxmrsm;udk twnfûyvufcHjyD;aemuf &[ef;wdkUtm;
jyefvnf a[mMum;awmfrlonfomru oif,lydkUcszdkUudkyg rdefUMum;awmfrljyD;vQif ]]tw¬oHwdwm bdu©a0
wm,e*gxm tm'djA[®p&d,dwm= tdk &[ef;wdkU wm,eewfom;\ *gxmrsm;onf tusdK;rsm;aom
*gxmrsm;jzpfonf? jrwfaom t&d,r*f tusifhw&m;\ t0ifrkcf0 a&S;OD;usonfh y"mejzpfaom *gxmrsm;
jzpfonf}}[kyif csD;rGrf;awmfrl\/
wm,eewfom; avQmufxm;onfh *gxmrsm;\ jrefrmjyef

36/(u) tdk olawmfaumif; wPSmtaESmiftzGJUudk êud;pm;í y,fjzwfygavmh? 0w¬K
udavomESpfjzmaom umrwdkUudk qGJEkwfxkwfy,fygavmh? &[ef;onf umrwdkUudk ry,fpGefUvQif
psmefw&m;udk r&Edkifyg/
(c) vkyfief;wpfckudk vkHUvpdkufxkwf ûyvkyfoifhygu ûyvkyfawmfrlyg? xdkvHkUv0D&d,udk
avsmhavsmh&J&J r[kwfbJ NrJNrJNrHNrH tm;oefêud;ukwf pdkufxkwfoifhygonf? tav;rûy
*½krpdkufí rckdifrNrJ avsmY&JpGm cH,lusifhoHk;tyfaom &[ef;tusifhonf udavomjrLrIefudk
y,f&Sm;okwfoifrI rûyEdkifbJ &[ef;rûyrD a½S;uxufydkvGefí waxmif;axmif;x
tHk<uapEdkifygonf/
(*) raumif;rI 'kp½dkuftukodkvfudk vHk;0OókH rûyrSom aumif;jrwfygonf? raumif;ojzifh
ûyvkyftyfaom trIonfaemifw wpfzefylyefapwwfygonf? ukodkvfaumif;rIûyvkyfrSom
aumif;jrwfygonf? ,if;ukodkvfaumi;frIudk ûyvkyfjyD;ygu aemifw wpfzefylyefuif;uGm
jidrf;csrf;pGm ae&ygonf/
(C) tpGef;tem; toGm;ESpfbuf xufjrufaom oref;jrufonf tudkifrwwfvQif vufudk
½Swwf &dwfjzwfwwfouJhodkU xdkUtwl &[ef;w&m;onfvnf; tudkifrwwfí
usdK;jywfysufpD;aeygvQif i&JodkUyifqGJcswwfygonf/
(i) ayghqq avsmY&J&J ûyvkyftyfaom vkyfief;[lorQonfvnf;aumif;? ypönf;vmbfudk
arQmfudk;í usifhjcif;aMumifh wPSmavmbudavomwdkUjzifh npfayaeaom
tusifhonfvnf;aumif; odkUavmodkUavm awG;awmzG,f r,HkMunfzG,f tcsufwdkUjzifh
jynfhESufaeaom &[ef;tusifhonfvnf;aumif; tusdK;rrsm;vSyg/

tpodkU
tvm;wl okwfrsm;
37/ þoH,kwfygVdawmfüomru tjcm;ygVdawmfrsm;üvnf; þodkUaom taMumif;t&mrsm;
yg&Sdao;\? tenf;i,frQazmfjy&aomf t*FkwådK&f ygVdawmf? quúedygwf? omruokwf 272-3 ü -
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ouúwwdkif;jynf0,f omr-[kac:aom ½GmteD;½Sd aygu©&Pd,mrnfaom
ausmif;wdkufü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlpOf ewfom;wpfa,mufonf nOfhoef;acgiftcsdefü
jrwfpGmbk&m;txHawmfodkUvma&mufí t½Sifbk&m; &[ef;awmfrsm; tusifhodu©m qkwf,kwfaMumif;
w&m;oHk;yg;½Sdygonf/ xdkoHk;yg;rSm -
(u) ur®m&mrwm=y&d,wfy#dywf vkyfief;rsm;udk ypfy,fí xkdxdktvkyfudpöüom
aysmfydkufESpfûcdufjcif;?
(c) bó&mrwm=w&m;pum; ajymMum;aqG;aEG;jcif; r[kwfbJ &yfa&; ½Gma&; vlrIa&;udk
pka0;axGjym; pum;rsm;jcif;jzifhom aysmfarGUum tcsdefudk ukefapjcif;?
(*) ed'´g&mrwm=cE¨mudk,f yifyef;EGrf;e,fojzifh tyef;ajztdyfjcif;r[kwfbJ tcsdef½Sdoa½GU
tdyfavh idkufrsOf;avh ½Sdjcif;?
þw&m;oHk;yg;jzpfygonf[k avQmufxm;\? xdkewfom;pum;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
MunfjzLESpfoufvufcHawmfrl\? xdkaemuf ewfom;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ½dkaopGm ½Sdcdk;OD;cdkufjyD;um
xkdae&mrS uG,faysmufoGm;\? eHeufrdk;aomuf tvif;a&mufvwfaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
nOfhoef;acgifwkef;u ewfom;avQmufxm;aom pum;udk &[ef;wdkUtm; rdefUMum;awmfrljyD;aemuf -
]]&[ef;wdkU toifwdkUrSmukodkvfw&m;rsm; avsmhyg;qkwf,kwfaeonfudk ewfrsm;yif odaeMujyD?
xdkUaMumifh oifwdkUrSm &[ef;b0 &[ef;oDvwnf;[laom vmbfvmbudk t&rawmf roifhravsmf
jzpfukefMujyD? þw&m;&wemomoemawmfudk xdkufxdkufwefwef&onf rrnfawmhbl;}}[k
rdefUawmfrljyD;vQif Mo0g'w&m;udk qufvuf a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
38/ ,ck azmfjycJhaom omruokwfüvnf; ewfu avQmufxm;jcif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;tay:
q&mvkyfvdkí r[kwfbJ &[ef;wdkU tusdK;udkvdkvm;í avQmufxm;jcif;jzpf\? jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf;
omoemawmfESifhavsmfí ta&;w,l vufcHawmfrlum wpfqifha[mMum;awmfrl\/
uav;i,fuajymaom pum;yifjzpfapumrl ]]at; rif;ajymwm [kwfom;bJ}}[k vlBuD;u
vufcHouJhodkU xdkUtwljrwfpGmbk&m;onfvnf; rdrdudk,fwdkifu odjyD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;yif
jzpfapumrl rnfoluvmajymajym vufcHoifhu av;pm;pGm vufcHem,lawmfrl\? csD;usL;oifhuvnf;
csD;usL;awmfrl\? xdkUaMumifh t½Sifom&dykwå&max&f t½Sif0domcax&fponfwdkUu a[mMum;tyfaom
w&m;udk &[ef;rsm;omru jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkifyg em,lawmfrljyD;vQif w&m;jyD;qHk;aomtcgüvnf;
om"k om"k aumif;csD;ûyum csD;usL;axmremawmfrlayonf/ ('DCedum,f? ygxdu0*f? o*Ðwdokwf? ESm-
175? t*FkwådK&fygVdawmf? pwkuúedygwf? 0domcokwf 360/)

tpodkU
39/ xdkUjyif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf udk,fawmfwdkifu ("r®omrd) w&m;ydkif½SifjzpfjyD;ygvsuf

w&m;em,lvdkao;aomaMumifh &[ef;wpfyg;yg;udk w&m;a[mzdkU wdkufwGef;awmfrlwwfao;\/ wpfcsdefu
,if;odkU wdkufwGef;rlaMumifh &[ef;odu©m wpf0grQom&ao;aom aomPrnfaom &[ef;wpfyg;onf
rdrdoif,lxm;jyD;aom umrokwf? *k[|uokwftp&Sdaom okwfaygif; 16-okwfudk
wpfqufwnf;a[mMum;av&m w&m;a[mítjyD;wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;u om"kac:½kHomru
odvG,fjrifvG,fatmif ½Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm a[mMum;Edkifygayonf[k csD;usL;awmfrlayonf/
(0denf; r[m0gygVdawmf-286)
40/ odkUvQif w&m;a[mrI w&m;emrIü tvGefUtvGef tav;*½kûyawmfrlaom
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf 0#f'ku©rS xGufajrmufaMumif; w&m;rSefygu ewfu a[ma[m wynfh&[ef;wpfyg;yg;u
a[ma[m vufcHem,lonfom jzpfaomaMumifh a'0wmoH,kwf? a'0ykwåoH,kwfygVdawmfwdkUudk
ewfua[monf bk&m;udk q&mvkyf&ma&mufonf? xdkUaMumifh ewfudk r,HkMunfrludk taMumif;ûyvsuf
,kwfrmaom tvdkqdk;jzifh ygVdawmfrsm;udk ½Iwfcs a0zefolwdkU\ ajymqdka&;om;xm;orQ
tm;vHk;onftukodkvf wdk;yGm;aponfh t"r®0g'pum;om jzpfaMumif; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
(p) (q) r,fawmfewfom; paom pum;&yfudk a0zefoHk;oyfcsuf

41/ wm0wðomewfjynfü 0gwGif;oHk;vywfvHk; w&m;a[mawmfrlaom jrwfpGm;bk&m;tm;
r,fawmfjzpfcJhzl;aom oEÅKódwewfom;onf wMudrfwpfcgrQ qGrf;ruyf? awmifuRef;ç ajrmufuRef;ç
taemufuRef;odkU jrwfpGmbk&m; qGrf;cH<uí bkOf;ay;&onfudk r,fawmf ewfom;onf MunfhaeEdkifbd\[k
a&;om;xm;Mu\/
þpum;rsm;um; rdrdwdkU\ ½kyf0g'tjrifjzifhwm0wdomewfjynf½Sdonfudkvnf;aumif;? ewfjynfodkU
jrwfpGmbk&m;<uí tbd"r®mw&m;a[mawmfrlonfudkvnf;aumif; r,HkMunfjcif;aMumifh uysufuacsmf
oa&mfaom pum;rsm;om jzpfí a0zefoHk;oyfzG,f rvdkawmhay/
(Z) bk&m;½Sif tHhzG,fpaom pum;&yfudk pdppfcsuf

42/ ]]Zmwfawmfrsm;ü a*gwrbk&m;tavmif;\ BuD;us,faom tHhzG,frsm; yg½Sdaeygvsuf
usefao;onfqdkaom t&darawå,sbk&m;tavmif;\ xdktHhMozG,frsm;rSmrl urÇmay:ü,aeUtxd
rawGU½Sd&jcif;rSm t&darawå,s [lí rusefíavm Zmwfawmfrsm;uyif '@m&DyHkjyifjzpfaeíavm
a0zefoifhonf}}[k a½Ttbd"r®maMunmcsufü a&;om;xm;\/ a*gwrbk&m;tavmif;\ BuD;us,faom
tHhMozG,frsm;[k qdk&mü b,fvdktHhMozG,frsm; jzpfonfudkum; razmfjycJh? trSefwu,ftm;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom Zmwfawmfrsm;ü yg½Sdaom taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm -

tpodkU
(u) rmwk*grwpfa,mufudk taMumif;ûyí omoemawmf0,f raysmfydkufaom &[ef;ü

a½S;b0wkef;u xdkrmwk*graMumifh rnfrQavmuf 'ku©a&mufcJhyHk? a½S;ZmwfaMumif;udk
jyefajymif;a[mMum;í xdk&[ef;rSm w&m;xl;&um omoemawmfü aysmfydkufvmyHk?
(c) rdbudk ûypkvkyfauR;aom &[ef;tm; csD;rGrf;pum; ajymMum;awmfrlum a½S;ynm½Sd
olawmfaumif;rsm;vnf; a½S;a½S;b0u rnfrQtEGHtwmcHí rdbudk ûypkcJhyHk/
(*) ynm½Sd olawmfaumif;ESifh rdbwdkUudk jypfrSm;rdaomaMumifh aemufb0tqufqufü
'ku©a&muf&yHk?
(C) vlrdkufpum;udk em;axmifrdí aemufvdkufi,fom;rsm; aoaMuysufpD;&yHkESifh ynm½Sdpum;
em;axmifjcif;aMumifh aoab;rS vGwfajrmuf&yHk?
(i) bk&m;tavmif; olawmfaumif;wdkU 'geyg&rD jznfhusifh&mü a½TaiGponfwdkUudkomru
rdrd\ rsufpdESifhaoG;om;wdkUudkyg vª'gef;cJhyHk?
(p) oDvyg&rDjznfhusifh&müvnf; rdrdudk wHusifvQdKí n§if;qJESdyfpufolrsm;udkyif vHk;0
wHkUjyefjcif; rûy½Hkru trsufrxGufatmifyif pdwfcsKyfwnf;í toufudkyif riJhuGufbJ
oDvrysufatmif apmifhxdef;cJhyHk?
(q) &½SdjyD;ESifh &½Sdawmhrnf xD;eef;pnf;pdrfuJhodkUaom BuD;us,faompnf;pdrfudkyif
tenf;i,frQ rwG,fwmbJ wHawG;aygufyrmpGefUcGmí &aoh&[ef;ûycJhyHk? aeu©r®yg&rD
jznfhcJhyHk?
(Z) ynmyg&rD jznfhusifh&müvnf; 'ku©a&mufawmhrnfhqJqJ jzpfaeaom owå0gwdkUudk
rdrdynmpGrf;jzifh u,fwifcJhyHk?
(ps) urf;rjrif vrf;rxif ork'´&mBuD;udk ZGJvHkUvravsmYcsbJ vufypful;cJhjcif; ponfjzifh
0D&d,yg&rD jznfhusifhcJhyHk?
(n) towfcH&rnfh ta&;udkyif tav;rûy *½krpdkufbJ 0efcHcsufuwdy#dnmOftwdkif;
aqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh owå0gtrsm;udk aoab;rS vGwfajrmufapcJhyHk?
(#) arwåmyg&rDudk jznfhusifh&mü orif '&,f tp½Sdaom wd&pämeftm;vHk;yif
aMumufvefUjcif;r½Sd oHo,uif;½Sif; &Jwif;pGmjzifh aqGrsdK;om;csif; rdwfaqG&if;yrm
cspfcifrI tjynfht0jzifh oGm;vm0ifxGuf qufqHEdkifonftxd arwåmxm;cJhyHk -
þodkU ponfjzifh Zmwfawmfrsm;ü MunfñdkzG,f twk,lzG,f tHhMozG,ftaMumif;t&m rsm;pGm
yg½Sd\? xdktaMumif;t&mrsm;udk zwf½IMum;em&jcif;jzifh pdwfaepdwfxm; jrifhrm; wdk;wufvmEdkif\?
xdkUaMumifh þrQavmuf tqifhtwef;jrifhaom Zmwfawmfrsm;udk '@m&DykHjyifpm&if;üxnfhoGif;um
tqifhtwef; edrfhusatmif t,HktMunfuif;rJhatmif a&;om;ajymqdkjcif;onf ajymqdkol\ ,kwfedrfhaom
apwemudkom ay:vGifapayonf/

tpodkU
43/ xdkUjyif a½Ttbd"r®mü ]]t&darawå,sbk&m; tavmif;\ BuD;us,faom tHhMozG,frsm;udk

urÇmay:rSm ,aeUtxd rawGU½Sd&aomaMumifh t&darawå,sbk&m;tavmif;[lí wu,fr½dSEdkif}}[kqdkvdk\/
pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfaom a½Ttbd"r®mtrnfcHoluJhodkU ygVdawmfrsm;tay: t,HktMunf uif;rJhaom
½kyf0g'Drsm;um; rnfonfh ygVdawmf om"ujzifh ajymajym vufcHrnfr[kwfMu? odkUaomf &wemoHk;yg;ü
ouf0if,HkMunfaeMuaom Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifrsm;tm; t&darawå,sbk&m; tavmif;awmfESifh
ywfoufí odkUavm odkUavm ,HkrSm;awG;awmrI r½Sd&atmif tvGefcdkifrmaom yg#dawmfBuD;jzifh
oufaoxljytHh/
44/ 'DCedum,f ygxdu0*fyg#dawmf puú0wådokwf 63-ü -
aemiftcg tESpf½Spfaomif; touf½Snfaom vlwdkU vufxufü arawå,srnfaom
bk&m;½SifyGifhxGef;awmfrlvdrfhrnf? ,cktcgigbk&m;onf &maygif;rsm;pGmaom &[ef;y&dowf
tjcHt&½&SdouhJodkU xkdarawå,sbk&m;rSm odef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom &[ef;y&dowfjcH&Hvdrfrnfh? xdktcg
ocFrnfaombk&ifrif;onf &[ef;ykPÖm;ESifh qif;&Jol qif;&Jom;rsm;tm; tvª'geûyjyD;vQif
arawå,sbk&m;½Sif\txHawmfü &[ef;ûyum &[EÅmtjzpfodkU a&mufvdrfhrnf[k jrwfpGmbk&m; Asm'dwfpum;
rdefUMum;awmfrlayonf/
(ps) (n) (#) anmifyifoaE¨ paom pum;&yfudk pDppfcsuf

45/(ps) ]]anmifwpfyifrSm trnfrodolwpfOD;u ay;vkdufí bk&m;tavmif; r,fawmfrSm od'¨w¬
oaE¨&onf}} [lí a&;om;xm;aom a½Ttbd"r®m aMunmcsufrSm Ak'¨0ifusrf;rsm;ü
vHk;0rygbJvsuf pnf;rapmifhbJ apmfapmfum;um; a&;csif&m a&;xm;aom tremy
pum;omjzpfonf/
(n) aMunmcsufrSmvnf; (ps)uJhodkUyif Ak'¨0ifudk tremy a&;om;jcif;jzifh
bk&m;tavmif;awmfESifh r,fawmf crnf;awmfrsm;\ *kPfodu©mudkao;odrf arS;rdefap&ef
tm;xkwfcsuf jzpfaomaMumifh ynm½Sdolawmfaumif;wdkU pufqkyfp&m em;rcsrf;omp&m
qJa&;wdkif;xGmjcif;rsm;omwnf;? xdkUaMumifh (ps) (n) tydk'fwdkUudktus,fw0ifh pdppfzdkU
rvdkawmhay/
46/ ]](#) bk&m;tavmif;awmf zGm;jrifaomaeUü e*dku rsufpdrjrifaomolrsm; jrifMuonf?
em;rMum;olrsm;vnf; Mum;Muonf? roGm;EdkifrvmEdkif qGHUaeol roefpGrf;olrsm;vnf; oefoefpGrf;pGrf;
oGm;Edkif vmEdkifMuonf}}[k okwfr[m0g r[my'geokwf t|uxm 32-üazmfjyxm;\/
xdktaMumif;t&mrsm;rSm a½Ttbdd"r®m aMunmcsufü a&;xm;\/
47/ ,if;odkUaom tjzpfqef;wdkUudk urÇmordkif;wdkUü rygí r,HkEdkif[kqdkjcif;rSm pum;uyfudk;í
oabmwpfrsdK;jzifh qdkjcif;om jzpfonf? tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf urÇmordkif;[lonfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;

tpodkU
vufxufawmftxd a½S;usaejyDjzpfaom vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif;ESpfaxmifhig;&mausmfudk rqdkxm;bd

Ak'¨jrwfpGmaemuf ESpf 200-ausmfcefU aemufusonfh taomuacwf\ tjzpfoepf txl;tqef;wdkUudkyif
rSwfwrf;rwifEdkifMuao;ay? trSeftm;jzifh c&pfESpf(at'D) tpûyjyD;aemufydkif;rSom ordkif;rSwfwrf;rsm;
toifhtwifh jynfhjynfhpHkpHk ½SdvmcJhjcif; jzpfojzifh ordkif;rSwfwrf;wdkUwGifrygí r,Hk[kqdk&vQif
rnfonfhbmom0g'udkrQ vufcHp&mr&Sdawmhay? xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨bmom0if[k qdkygvsuf bk&m;a[mxuf
urÇmordkif;q&mwdkU\ rSwfwrf;udkom wpfzufowf ,HkMunftm;xm;aeMuaom rsufpdwpfzufjrif
yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf aemifoHo&ma&;twGuf tvGefoem;p&maumif;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzpfonf[k
a0zefawmfrlMuonf/
odyÜHynmjzifh vdkufí rrDEdkifaom Ak'ä'oemawmf

48/ jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmfESifh odyÜHynmwdkU\ OD;wnfcsufrSm jy'g;wpfvrf; oHwpfvrf;jzpfí
tvGefyifuGmjcm;vS\? odyÜHynmonf ½kyf0w¬Kj'Afqdkif&m BuD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;ESifh zsufqD;a&;odkU
OD;wnfae\? topftqef;jzpfaom avmuDtm½kH umr*kPf toHk;taqmifwdkUudk qef;onfxuf
qef;Mu,fatmif wDxGifaejcif;tm;jzifh avmbpaom udavompdwf"mwfwdk;yGm;a&; oHo&m0#f'ku©
us,fjyefUa&;odkUOD;wnfae\? jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonfum; xdkumr*kPftm½HkwdkUudk taMumif;ûyí
xdkavmb ponfrjzpfatmif csKyfwnf;a&;ESifh avmbponf ukefcef;í 0#f'ku©rSvGwfajrmufa&;
twGufom OD;wnfvsuf½Sdayonf/
49/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ,if;odkU OD;wnfvsufyif -
(u) twdwf? ypöKyÜef? tem*wfumvwdkUü jzpfjyD;? jzpfqJ? jzpfvwåHaom
oHo&m0#f'ku©[kac:aom vlUb0? ewfjA[®mb0? wd&pämefb0? jydwåmb0wdkUudkvnf;
okcr[kwf 'ku©trSef ('ku©opöm) [lí a[mawmfrl\/
(c) xdkoHo&m0#f'ku©trsdK;rsdK;udk okcxifumcifrifwG,fwmaeaom wPSmavmbudk
'ku©jzpfaMumif;trSef (ork',opöm) [lívnf; a[mMum;awmfrl\?
(*) xdk'ku©\csKyfjidrf;&m tjidrf;"mwfedAÁmefonf {uef½Sd\[kodjrifawmfrlonfhtwdkif;
tjidrf;"mwfedAÁmef (eda&m"opöm) udkvnf;a[mMum;awmfrl\/
(C) xdkedAÁmefodkU a&mufaMumif; tusifhaumif;tusifhrSef 0dyóemw&m;
r*¾ifw&m;wnf;[laom r*¾opömudkvnf; a[mMum;awmfrl\/
,if;odkU a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom opömav;yg;w&m;udkum; tb,fodyÜHynmrQ vdkufírrDEdkif?
tb,fodyÜHynmESifhrQ prf;oyfodyÜHírjzpfEdkif? xdkopömav;yg;udk odjrifaom oE´d|du?
tumvdu[kac:aom todÓPfynmjzifhom prf;oyfEdkif\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif odjrifí 'ku©
opömpm&if;ü xnfhoGif;a[mMum;tyfaom ewfb0 jA[®mb0? jydwåmb0 aojyD;aemuf jzpf&rnfh

tpodkU
wrvGefb0 trsdK;rsdK;udkvnf; ½dk;½dk;rsufpdjzifhomru eu©wfMunfhrSefajymif;jzifhvnf; MunfhírjrifEdkif?

odyÜHynmjzifhvnf; prf;oyfí r&Edkif? 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmOfjzifhom jrifEdkif? prf;oyfEdkifayonf?
xdkuJhodkU½dk;½dk;rsufpdjzifhvnf; rjrifEdkif? odyÜHynmjzifhvnf;prf;oyfí r&EdkifaomAk'ä'oemawmfvm
taMumif;t&mrsm;u rdrdwdkUÓPfrrDwdkif; ,kwådr&Sd[lí vnf;aumif; aemufrS xnfhaom ygVd[lí
vnf;aumif; xkwfy,f&ef êud;pm;jcif;onf rw&m;rIudk usK;vGefjcif;yif jzpfayonf/
EdkifiHjcm; bmomjcm;wdkU\ vufcsuf

50/ Ak'¨0ifudk Ak'¨½Sifawmfjrwfudk,fwdkif ra[m[k qdkum Ak'äMumif;&m tw¬KyÜwfwdkUudk
trsdK;rsdK; ysuf&,fûyMuaom or®m'd|dtzGJU0ifwdkU\ ta&;tom; tajymtqdkrsm;rSm Ak'¨0g'D r[kwfaom
taemufEdkifiH ordkif; okawoDwdkU\ t,ltq ta&;tom;rsm;rS jrpfzsm;cHonfudk awGU&onf? pifppf
or®m'd|dokawoe toif;0ifwdkUonf rdrdwdkUÓPfjzifh ajymwwfíajymMujcif; r[kwfay? oD;jcm;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfwdkU\ &yfwnfcsuft& ax&0g' yd#uygVdt|uxm abmifr0ifaom tcsufwdkUudk
ajz½Sif;qHk;jzwf&ef wm0efr½Sdaomfvnf; tcsdKUaom Ak'¨bmom0if &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;oHo,0ifum
txifvGJrSm;Edkifonfh tcsufrsm;udk pk'dwuyk*¾dKvfrsm;uwifjyvmojzifh EdkifiHjcm; pmayrsm;rS
xkwfEkwfoHk;oyfí jyOD;tHh/
51/ Ak'önf tcsdKUaomokwfwdkUü olonforPwpfOD;omjzpfaMumif; wpfenf;tm;jzifh
q&mwpfqlom jzpfaMumif;udkjyqdkí a½S;b0 taMumif;t&mrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? a½S;bk&m;rsm;
taMumif;udkvnf;aumif; razmfjycJhay? xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨0g' tOD;tpydkif;ü bk&m;tqlql[laom oDtdk&D
(tawG;t,l) r½SdaMumif;? aemufrS Ak'¨(7)ql [laom 0g'ay:vmaMumif; ,if; Ak'¨ 6-ql? 7-ql [laom
0g'onfyif tvGef a½S;usvSonf r[kwfaMumif;? [de,me r[m,e Ak'¨0g'D*dkPf;aygif;pHkü trnfemrcsif;
wlaomfvnf; tjcm;t&mESifh tw¬KyÜwåd rwlnDaMumif;? Ak'¨0ifygVdawmf t|uxmüum; Ak'¨ 27-ql
jzpfvmaMumif;? þwGif tjcm;*dkPf;rsm;u 'Dy*F& bk&m;wpfqlwGifom tqdkwlí tjcm; bk&m;rsm;wGif
ta&twGufESifh trnfemr uGJjym;pGm ½Sdonf[k tD;a*saomrwf qdkolu ol\ ]]Ak'¨0g' tawG;tac:
ordkif;}} ESm 147-wGif qdkonf/
52/ tvm;wlyif 'DCedum,f? r[m0*¾ r[mt'geokwfudk t*Fvdyfbmomjyefqdkaom
pDattuf½dkufpfa';Apf qkdolu ,if;okwf\ed'gef;wGif þodkU qdk\ -
]]Ak'önf tjcm;&[EÅm om0uwdkUxuf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; oAÁñkwÓPf txl;xl;aom
wefcdk;jym#d[mwdkUESifh jynfhpHkoljzpfonf}} [laom BuddhaDoctrine bk&m; tjrwfqHk;0g' ay:vmonfESifh
wpfûydifeuf t&d,r*¾if[laom r*¾opöm ty,fcH&avawmhonf? Ak'üdk trTef;wifvGef;&mrS
bk&m;tqlql[laom 0g'0ifvm&m ]]udk,fh[mudk,ftm;xkwf? udk,fh[mudk,fcsKyfwnf;}} [laom
a½S;tpOftvmudk arhaysmufypfvdkufMuawmh\? trSefopömxuf bk&m;tjrwfqHk;0g' wnf;[laom

tpodkU
aygif;jrufuxlívmawmhonf? bmom0g'topfxlaxmifzdkU wlnDaom tajccHtcsufrsm;t& (aAm"dowå)

tavmif;vsmrsm;onf ESpfumv urÇmjcm;jyD;rS ay:vmMuonf[k tdE´d,om;rsm; cH,lxm;Mu\?
þcH,lcsufwGifvnf; Ak'¨0g'u a½SUwef;rS ajy;aeonf/
53/ a½S;a[mif; Ak'¨pmayrsm;wGif Ak'¨0g'ESifh Ak'¨tqlql0g' a&maESmzufpyfum yg0ifvm\/
Oyrm-
(u) okwåedygwf yAÁZÆokwfübk&m;rjzpfrD tavmif;awmfb0ü ½Sdao;aom a*gwrudk ]]t*rm
&mZ0wH Aka'¨grm*"eH *d&dAÁZH}} «Ak'önf r*"wdkif;om;wdkU\ EGm;jcHyrm awmif 5
vHk;um&Hxm;aom &mZû*d[fodkU qGrf;cHBuGvmonf[k» Ak'¨[laom pum;vHk;udk oHk;um
qdkxm;onf/
(c) ]]Ak'¨H a0&w,mwDwH r,H ykpämr a*gwrH}} «avmb a'go ponf ab;&efudk vGefjyD;aom
a*gwrEG,fzGm; Ak'üdkjyóem ar;avQmuftHh» [lí okwåedygwf awr0wokwfü Ak'üdk
&nfñTef;aom pum;vHk;udk £wd0kwf yxr&m*okwfü ]]Ca0&b,mwDwH tm[k
oAÁy[m,DeH}} «avmb a'go ab;&efwdkUudk vGefjyD;aom? tvHk;pHkaom tukodkvfudk
y,fjyD;aom &[ef;udk ]Ak'¨}[k qdkMuonf»[k omref &[EÅmrsm;twGuf oHk;EIef;xm;onfudk
awGU&onf? xdkUaMumifh Ak'ËSifh om0u&[EÅm rsm;pGmruGmjcm;vS «aAm"dowåudk
vnf;aumif;? omref&[EÅmudkvnf;aumif;? a*gwrudk vnf;aumif; Ak'ö'´ga[monf[k
qdkvdkonff»/
(*) aAm"dyif teD;w0dkufwGif aepOfESifh "r®pMum a[mawmfrlpOf Ak'üdk&nfñTef;í or®morÁK'¨-
[laom pum;vHk; oHk;onfudk awGU&jyD;? ,if;ESifhwGJzufaom t&[EÅm-[laom yk'frSm
tjcm; wynfh&[EÅmrsm;ESifh qufqHvsuf½Sdonfudk jrif&aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
(C) rZdößredum,f Oy&dyPÖmo aw0dZÆ0päa*gwåokwfü ighudk]]aw0dZÆ}} [kqdkvQif
trSefqdk&ma&mufaMumif;? Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif rdefUqdkaom pum;t& aw0dZÆ (0dZÆm 3-
yg;&ol) tjzpfjzifh tjcm; om0u&[EÅmwdkUESifh Ak'¨rsm;pGm ruGm;jcm;vSonfudk
awGUjrif&aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? Ak'üdk vlom;r[kwfaom vlom;wdkU\
obm0xufydkvGefaom *kPfyk'fwdkUjzifh tvGeftuRHqdkum Ak'¨0g'udk aESmif;vlwdkU
xGifvmMuonf/
54/ ,if;odkU xGifvmcJhaom Ak'¨*kPfyk'frsm;udk av;eufap&ef Ak'¨jzpfaMumif; yg&rDwdkUudk
zefwD;Mujyefum Ak'¨tpOftvmudkjy&ef bk&m; 6-ql 0g'udkwDxGifjyefum r[my'geokwfudk a&;pDí
yd#uxJ xnfhoGif;Muonf[k qdkavonf/ þum; ½dkufpfa';Apf\ tqdkwnf;/

tpodkU
þrQru tD;a*saomrwfpf\ "r®ordkif; ESm-133-ü þodkUqdkxm;ao;\/
“Here everything that we learn in the scriptures about his personal history is coloured by
dogmatic views comcerning the nature & destiny of a Buddha and of those acts which were essential
steps in his career.”
jrefrmjyef
ol\ udk,fa&;&mZ0ifESifh pyfí yd#upmayrsm;ü uREkfyfwdkUawGU&aom tcsuftvufwdkif;onf
Ak'ËSifh Ak'¨\bk&m;tjzpfa&mufatmif tm;xkwf&mwGif ta&;BuD;aom (ajcvSrf;rsm;)[k qdktyfaom
tûytrlrsm;\obm0ESifh yef;wdkifudk taMumif;ûyí "r®pGJtaejzifh cs,frIef;xm;tyfaomtcsufrsm;om
jzpfonf/
55/ wpfzef csm;vfpf tDvDa,mhqdkolu ol\ ][dE´L0g'ESifh Ak'¨0g'} [laompmtkyf twGJ-1?
ESm-342-ü "r®\ tqufrjywf wnf&SdaeyHkESifh ,if;"r®udk a[majymqHk;ryHkrsm; acwftrsdK;rsdK;ü wlnDyHkudk
tav;teufûyap&ef r[my'geokwfjzifh bk&m; 7-qltaMumif;udk azmfxkwfMuonf [lívnf;aumif;?
wzef ESm-343 ü ]]bk&m; 7-qltjyif tjcm;Ak'¨rsm;½SdaMumif; okwåef ygwåefVdawmfrsm;ü azmfjyjcif;
r½SdaMumif;? Ak'¨0Hoac: aemufa&;usrf;üum; bk&m;25-ql azmfxkwfMujyefaMumif;?
*sdef;(wdw¬uF&)bk&m;rsm; 24-ql&Sdjcif; AdoQEk\ t0wm& 0ifpm;bk&m;rsm;vnf; tcsdKUtrSwftom;t&
24-yg;yif½Sdjcif;wdkUonf wpfurÇmESifh wpfurÇmü ½SdEdkifaom olawmfjrwfwdkUudk cefUrSef;wGufcsufjcif;tay:
wnfaom ta&twGufrsm; jzpfzG,f½SdaMumif; 25-qlaom Ak'¨0ifwdkU\ t&yftjrifhESifhyGifh&mESpf
tydkif;tjcm;rsm;onf ydkvGefaom yrmPrsm; jzpfaMumif; qdkxm;avonf/
56/ ,if;pmtkyf ESm-343 ü onfrQru qdkxm;yHku -
“The biographies of these Buddhas are bridf and monotonous. They also record how each met
gotama in one of his previous births and prophasied his future glory. The object of these biographies
is less to give imformation about previous Buddhas than to trace the career of gotama as a
Bodhisattra.”
]]þbk&m;½SifwdkU\ tw¬KyÜwdårsm;onf wdkusOf;í wyHkpHwnf;&SdMuonf? toD;oD;aom bk&m;½SifwdkU

a*gwrESifh awGUqHkí aemif Ak'¨jzpfrnfhtaMumif; Asm'dwfpum; rdefUMum;awmfrlyHkudk ,if;tw¬KyÜwdårsm;u
rSwfwrf;wifcJhMuonf? ,if;odkU Ak'¨jzpfawmfrlpOfrsm;udk xkwfazmf&jcif;\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm a½S;bk&m;½SifwdkU
taMumif;udk ajymvdkonfxuf a*gwrbk&m;avmif;b0yg&rDjznfhyHkudk jyvdkjcif;u ydkavonf}}.....[lí
jzpfonf/

tpodkU
57/ tD;a*saomrwfpf\ "r®ordkif;pmrsufESm 279-ü ajrmufydkif; ty'gef usrf;pm

wpfapmifjzpfaom 'dAsm0'geusrf;wGif tw¬KyÜwdå½Sif 38-yg; (35-r[kwf)½SdaMumif;tqdkukdawGUMujyefonf/
txufygEkdifiHjcm; bmomtjcm;vlrsdK;wdkU\ a&;om;csuf rl&if;wdkUudk or®m'd|dokawoeorm;wdkU\
Ak'¨bmompGyfpGJykwfcwfcsufrsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfMunfhonf½Sdaomf or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUonf
rdrdwdkUÚmPfpGrf; ÚmPfpr&SdbJ EdkifiHjcm;u Ak'¨bmom ysufpD;a&; a0zefcsufwdkUudk EdkUoufcHpdkUxm;aMumif;
awGU&ayvdrfhrnf? Ak'¨bmomudk wdkufcdkuf&mwGif bmomjcm;wdkUESifh ½kyf0g'DwdkUvufwGJrdaom
tcsufoufaoaywnf;/
EdkifiHjcm;om;wdkU\ a&;om;csufudk &Sif;vif;csuf

58/ EdkifiHjcm;om; bmomjcm;wdkU\txufygtcsufrsm;udk wpfckpD&Sif;jyygtHh? Ak'önf
tcgtm;avsmfpGm udk,fawmfjrwf udk,fwdkifu rdrdudk,fudk ow¬m(q&m)[lí vnf;aumif;?
or®morÁK'¨(trSefç udk,fwdkifodol)[lívnf;aumif;? t&[EÅ(vlewfjA[®mtm;vHk;wdkU\ ylaZmftxl;udk
cHxdkufol)[lí vnf;aumif; ac:a0:ouJhodkU Ak'¨[lívnf; ac:a0:aMumif; rdefUawmfrlcJhonf/ (0d? 3? 12)
,if;udkvnf; rZdößryPÖmo? Aovokwf NA[®m,kokwfü atmufyg *gxmrsm;t&od&onf? ½dkpfa';Apf
a&;ouJhodkU Ak'önf olUudk,fudk Ak'äc:aMumif; rajymcJhonfrSm r[kwfrSefay/
tbdan,sH tbdnmwH? bma0wAÁÍö bm0dwH/
y[mwAÁH y[DeH ar? wo®m Aka'¨god®jAm[®P (ck? 1? 368/ r? 2? 344-352/) /
jrefrmjyef
ykPÖm;? igonf txl;od&rnfhw&m;udk odawmfrljyD/ yGm;ap&rnfh w&m;udkvnf; yGm;rsm;apcJhjyD/
y,f&rnfh w&m;udkvnf; y,fpGefUcJhjyD? (po'´gt&-edAÁmefudkvnf; rsufarSmuf ûyawmfrlcJhjyD) xdkUaMumifh
igonf Ak'¨jzpfcJhavjyD/
jA[®m,k ykPÖm;BuD;u]]Aka'¨g udEdÅ00kpöwd}}(tb,fodkU? tb,faMumifh Ak'¨[k ac:qdk&ygovJ)[k
ar;avQmufí Ak'ü atmufygtwdkif; ajzqdkawmf rlavonf-
pdwåH 0dok'¨H Zmemwd? rkwåH &ma*[d oAÁaom/
y[De Zmwdr&aPm? jA[®p&d,ó au0vD/
yg&*l oAÁ"r®meH? Aka'¨g wm'D y0kpöwd (r? 2? 345) /
jrefrmjyef
tvHk;pHkaom &m*(udavom)wdkUrS vGwfonfjzpfí txl;pifMu,faompdwfudk odol?
y#doaEäejcif; aojcif;udk y,fjyD; tvHk;pHkaom jrwfaomtusifhudk usifhjyD;ol? tvHk;pHkaom
ocFwtocFww&m;wdkU\ tqHk;odkU ÚmPfjzifh a&mufjyD;oludk Ak'¨[lí ac:qdk&avonf/

tpodkU
þü Ak'ö'´gonf odp&mudk odjyD;ol? Edk;Mum;jyD;ol [laom teufudka[monf? rMumrwif

odawmhrnfhol? Edk;Mum;awmhrnfholudkvnf; a[monf/ xdkUaMumifh yAÁZÆokwfü ]]t*rm &mZ*wH Aka'¨g}}[k
Ak'¨jzpfrnfhqJqJ tavmif;awmfudk Ak'¨[k oHk;EIef;onfrSm oifhjrwfvSayonf/
wpfzef Ak'ö'´gonf a*gwrAk'üdk &nfñTef;aomtcg Proper Name ({u0d"erf) jzpfaomfvnf;
tjcm; &[EÅmrsm;udk &nfñTef;aomtcg Adjective (emr0daooe)jzpfonf? odkjzpfí ]Ak'¨Ha0&b,mwDwH}
[laom okwåedygwf a[r0wokwf? £wd0kwfyxr&m*okwf 2-okwfüvmaom Ak'ö'´gonf (in
Accordance with syntacic meaning) pmtaetxm;? 0gustaetxm;tvdkuf t"dyÜm,f aumuf,l&rnfh

pum;vHk;rsdK; jzpfayonf/
tjcm; rnfonfh yk*¾dKvfrsdK;udk Ak'¨[lí ac:a0:oHk;pGJao; oenf;[kpdppfaomf tcgwyg;
t½Sifom&dykwå&m? t½Sifarm*¾vmef? t½Sifupönf;? t½Sifaum|du? t½SifuyÜde? t½SifpkE´? t½SiftEk½k'¨g?
t½Sifa&0w? t½SifeE´ (&[ef;BuD; 9-yg;? {w'*fbGJUxl; *kPfxl; toD;oD;½SdMuaom) wynfhBuD;rsm;
bk;&m;½SifxHawmf a½SU½I<uvmMuonfudk jrifawmfrlaomtcg ]]{aw acg bdu©a0 tm*päEÅd {aw acg
bdu©a0 tm*päEÅd}} (&[ef;wdkUolwdkUvmaeMuonf? olwdkUvmaeMuonf)[krdefUawmfrlumAk'¨jrwfpGmonf
atmufyg*gxgudk O'gef;ygAk'¨Vdawmfü a[mawmfrlonf/
Am[dwGm ygyau "ar®? ao p&EÅd o'g owm/
cDPoHa,mZem Ak'¨g? aw a0 avmuo®d jAm[®Pm (ck? 1? 81) /
[k O'gef;usK;awmfrlonf/ «avmuü tukodkvfw&m;wdkUudk y,fcGmí tjrJowd½Sdum
vSnfhvnfusufpm;Muaom oHa,mZOfukefíEdk;Mum;jyD;aomolwdkUonf jAm[®P ppfppf rnfukef\/»
59/ þAk'¨[laom pum;vHk;ESifh pyfí tXuxmq&mrsm;onf Ak'äv;rsdK;½SdaMumif;
xkwfjyMuonf/ (1) oAÁñkwAk'¨ (2)yapöuAk'¨ (3) pwkopöAk'¨ (4) okwAk'¨-[lí jzpfonf/ xdkwGif
(1) oAÁñkwAk'üm; or®morÁK'¨-[laom oD;oefUbGJUxl;jzifhxif&Sm;aom oAÁñkw
ÓPfawmf&Sif Ak'äywnf;/
(2) yapöuAk'üm; o,rÇLç orÁKa'¨g-[laom 0daooe*kPf ykPfwdkUjzifh ty'gefygVdawmfü
vmaom oD;jcm;bk&m;i,fwnf;/
(3) pwkopöAk'üm; txufO'gef;ygVdawmfü vmaom Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif csD;ajr§mufí
ac:a0:tyfaom &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfrsm; jzpfonf/
(4) okwAk'¨ [lonfum; omoemawmfudk wifhw,fapol[k Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif 'D,edum,f?
ygom'duokwfí csD;usK;ajr§mufpm;í a[mawmfrlcJhaom A[kokw ( pmayyd#u
wwfuRrf;aom ) ykxkZPOf &[ef;rsdK; jzpfonf/
þpum;pOft& ½dkufa';Apftvdktm;jzifh Ak'¨[laom pum;vHk;rSm Ak'¨½SifawmfjrwfESifhomru omref
&[ef;rsm;ESifhyg oufqdkifaeaompum;vHk;jzpfí Ak'önf tvGefxl;jcm;aom yk*¾dKvfjrwfBuD;r[kwfEdkif?

tpodkU
vrf;jya½SUaqmifq&mBuD;wpfql tjzpfonfom ordkif;0if trSefw&m; (Historical Fact) jzpfonf[k

qdkvdk[ef wl\/
60/ trSefpifppfrSmum; wxm*wZmwdc,EÅ'óD paomAk'¨jrwfpGmudk qdkvdk&mwGif; oHk;aeus
pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh Ak'önf wynfhom0uwdkUtm; csD;yifhí qdkawmfrlonfudk tcgrsm;pGm awGU&ayonf/
Oyrm -
(u) ,ó &ma*g p a'gaom p ? t0dZÆmp 0d&mZdw/
wH bm0dwwånw&H? jA[®blwH wxm*wH/
Ak'¨H a0&b,mwDwH? tm[k oAÁyÜ[m,deH (ck? 1? 234) /
jrefrm
&m* a'go t0ddZÆmudk uif;apwwfol? yGm;aptyfjyD;aom pdwfESvHk;½Sdaom &[EÅmwdkUwGif
wpfyg;t0ifjzpfol? jrwfaom t&[wåzdkvfodkUa&mufjyD;ol (wxm*wH) a½S;&[EÅmrsm;enf;wl
rZÑdry#dy'gjzihf edAÁmefodkUa&mufjyD;oludk &efab;vGefajrmuf? udavom tvHk;pHkudk y,fazsmufjyD;aom
Edk;Mum;ol[lí qdkMuukef\/ þü &[EÅm ½dk;½dk;udk wxm*w [k oHk;EIef;xm;onf/
wzef (c) wo®m o'g psme&wm orm[dw?
tmwmydaem Zmwdc,EÅ'ódaem/
rm&H oaoeH tbdbk,s bdu©a0g?
b0x Zmwdr&Pó yg&*g (ck? 1? 222) /
jrefrm
&[ef;wdkU xdkUaMumifh psmefü arGUavsmf orm"dxm; vHkUvrsm;Muonfjzpfí
(Zmwdc,EÅ'óD)y#doaEäejcif;\ukef&mtqHk;udk jrifMuukefvsuf ppfwyfESifh wuGaom rm&fewfudk
vTrf;rdk;í Zmwdr&P\ urf;wpfzufodkU ul;ajrmufukefavm/
þü{um,eH Zmwdc,EÅ'óD ponfjzifh(r[m0*¾oH,kwf? owdyXmeokwf-162) Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk
&nfñTef;aeus pum;vHk;jzifh &[ef;rsm;udk csD;yifhí a[mxm;onfudk awGU&ayrnf? odkUaomf
Ak'¨*kPfyk'frsm;onf trsm;tm;jzifh Ak'üdkom qdkvkdaMumif;udk yd#uwf wwfuRrf;olrsm; em;vnfayonf/
[dkae&m 'Dae&mü txl;&nf½G,fcsufjzifh ½Sm;½Sm;yg;yg; csD;yifhí a[mawmfrlcJhaom pum;vHk;rsm;udk
&SmMuHxkwfazmfum jyóem rzefwD;oifhay/
61/ trSeftm;jzifhum; -
Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk or®morÁK'¨
yapöuAk'üdk orÁK'¨ ç 0g- yapöuAk'¨
½dk;½dk;&[EÅmudk Ak'¨-[lí ac:a0:oHk;EIH;yHk

tpodkU
(Scriptural Usage) ygVdy#utoHk;udkaumufcsufcsí O'gef;t|uxm jAm[®Pokwf ESm-53 ü Ak'¨wd

pwkopöoarÁma"e Ak'¨/ aw p ye om0uAk'¨gyapöuAk'¨g or®morÁK'¨gwd wd0d"m - [k zGifhqdkxm;onfudk
owdûyoifhayonf/
62/ or®morÁK'¨*kPfawmfonf tNcm;rnfolESifhrQ qufqHaom*kPfr[kwf? Ak'¨wpfOD;wnf;\
*kPfawmfom Nzpfonf/ opöm4yg;udk wpfyg;ol tultnDr&bJ (ten aea,sm) apmif;z,fwdrf;,drf;Ncif;
r½SdbJ (t0dy&dwH) tNyefoHk;vD (wdy&d0#³H) NyifnD 12-oG,f ('Gg'omum&H) tus,fNzwfydkif; trSeftwdkif;
odawmfrlonf\ tNcm;rJh? ypöa0u©PmÚmPfawmfrSpí oAÁñkwÚmPfawmfudk &½Sdol
or®morÁK'¨NzpfwmfrlaMumif; Ak'¨ udk,fawmfwdkif r[m0*¾ opöoH,kwf "r®puúy0wåeokwf ESm-370 ü
aMuNimawmfrlcJhayonf/ opöm 4-yg;udk odwwfaom t&[wår*fÚmPfudk taMumif;ûyí t&[wår*fÚmPff
ay:aygufvm&ayonf/ xdkUaMumifh t|omvdeD rlv#Dum ESm-4 ü -
oAÁñkwm, [d y'|meblwH r*¾ÚmPH r*¾ÚmPy'|meOö oAÁñkwÚmPH r[maAm"Dwd
0kpöwd/
«oAÁñkwÚmPf\eD;pGmaom taMumif;Nzpfaom t&[wår*fÚmPffudk vnf;aumif;?
t&[wår*fÚmPffudk wnf;[laom taMumif;½Sdaom oAÁñkwÚmPfudkvnf;aumif; r[maAm"d (0g-
or®moarÁm"d) [líac:qdk &ayonf/»
63/ xdkrS wpfyg; cE¨0*¾oH,kwf or®morÁK'ökwf ESm-54 ü -
]]&[ef;wdkU udavomwdkUrS uif;a0;awmfrlNyD;aom w&m;tvHk;pHkudk udk,fwdkif trSeftwdkif;odNyD;ol
igbk&m;udk ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPwdkUESifh pyfí NiD;aiGUNcif; (edAdÁ'g)wyfNcif;uif;rI
(0d&m*)csKyfaysmufapNcif; (eda&m")aMumifh pGJvrf;rIuif;uGm? udavomwdkUrS vGwfaNrmufawmfrlí
or®morÁK'¨bGJUrnfNzifh ac:a0:tyfayonf? (ig\ ñTefNyoGefoifcsufaMumifh) &[ef; 1-yg;udk ½kyf a0'em
onm ocFg& 0dnmPESifh pyfí NiD;aiGUNcif;? wyfpGJrIuif;Ncif;? csKyfapNcif;aMumifh pGJvrf;rIuif;uGm
udavomwdkUrS vGwfaNrmufvsuf ynm0drkwdå (ynmNzifh vGwfaNrmufol)[k ac:qdkedkifayonf/
pGJvrf;rIuif;uGmç udavomwdkUrS vGwfaNrmufolcsif;wlvQif om0uwdkUxuf b,ftcsuf
b,ft&mwGif Ak'üomvGefí xl;ygoenf;[kar;vQif Ak'¨NrwfpGmudk,fwdkifyif atmufygtwdkif;
taNzay;awmfrlcJhonf/
]]wxm*awm bdu©a0 t&[H or®morÁKa'¨g tEkyÜEéó r*¾ó OyÜga'wm toOÆmwó
r*¾ó oOÆaewm teu©mwó r*¾ó tu©mwm? r*¾ñl r*¾0d'l r*¾aum0da'g ? r*¾gEk*g p
bdu©a0 {w&[d om0um 0d[&EdÅ ypämorEé*wm/ (cE¨0*¾ oH,kwf or®morÁK'ökwf -54)
NrefrmNyeftusOf;
&[ef;wdkU igbk&m;onf udavomwdkUrS a0;uGm udk,fwdkifom trSefodawmfrlNyD;onf Nzpfí
r&Sdao;aom vrf;udk xkwfazmfol? rNzpfao;aomvrf;udk Nzpfapol? olwumraNymao;aom vrf;udk

tpodkU
aNymNyol? vrf;uRrf;usifol Nzpfawmfrl\/ ,cktcg wynfh&[ef;wdkUum; igñTefaom vrf;udk vdkufMuí

aemufrS NynfhpHkol (aemufrSvrf;rSefa&mufol)rsm; Nzpfí aeMuavonf/
64/ taemufwdkif; ordkif;okawoDwdkUonf Ak'¨0g'Drsm;r[kwfMu? xm0& bk&m;\ zefqif;rIudk
,HkMunfaom twdwfb0 tem*wfb0 r½Sdaom zefqif;½Sif\ avmif;&dyfü MuD;Nyif;vmolrsm;NzpfMuí
oAÁñkwÚmPfawmf\ tpGrf;tm;udk oabmraygufedkif? vufrcHEdkifMu? vrf;udkñTefNyEdkifzdkU
tb,frQavmuf êud;pm;&onfudk em;rvnfedkifMuacs/ twdwfb0ydkif;udk vufrcHEdkifaomaMumifh twdwf
umvwdkUü oAÁñkwÚmPfawmf&aMumif;Nzpfaom yg&rDwdkUudk Nznfhusifhqnf;yl;awmfrlcJh&Ncif;udk olwdkUÚmPf
rrDMuay/ xdkUaMumifh uHudk y,fMuonf? oAÁñkwÚmPfudk y,fMuonf? yg&rDudk y,fMuonf? twdwf
b0udk y,fMuonf/
þae&mü “BUDDHIST THOUGHT IN INDIA” tdEd´,Nynf½Sd Ak'¨tawG;tac: pmtkyfa&;ol
tuf'GwfuGefaZ qdkol\ rSwfcsufuav;udk xkwfNyoifhonf/
Mrs. Rhys Davids purges Buddhism of the Doctrine of Not-sous and of monesticism and H.J
Jenings, in cold blood, removes all references to reincarntion from the scriptures and claims thereby to
have restored their original meaning. Dr.P. Dahlke ignores all the magic and mythology with which
traditional buddhism is replete and reduces the doctorine of the Buddha to quite reasonable agnostic
theory.
Nrefrm
]]rpf½dkufpfa';Apfonf Ak'¨0g'xJrS tewåoabmw&m;ESifh &[ef;usifhpOfudk xkwfy,fypfí tdwf-
a*s-*sif;eif;um; Ak'¨pmayawGxJrS wrvGef0g'ESifh pyforQudk pdwf½Snf½SnfESifh Ekwfy,fypfum (t<uif;rQudk)
rlvusrf;&if;t"dyÜm,f[k qdkonf/ a'gufwm yD'gvaurlum; tpOftvmAk'¨0g'xJwGif NynfhESufaeaom
wefcdk;Ny#d[meSifh Zmwfedygwfrsm;udk vspfvsL½Ium Ak'¨0g'udk 31-bHk vufrcH0g'}} tNzpf,lqonf/
þodkU qdkNyD; qufvufí “Theirs is not the Buddhism of the Buddhists.” «olwdkU\
t,ltqrsm;um; Ak'¨0g'DwdkU vufcHxm;Muaom Ak'¨0g'r[kwfacs/ Ak'¨0g'[k olwdkUbmomwHqdyfwyfum
a&;om;a[maNymonfh olwdkUtqdk oufoufomNzpfaMumif;»[k tuf'GyfuGefaZ u rSwfcsufcsxm;avonf/
65/ qdkoifhvSaypG/ txufqdkcJhNyD; or®morÁK'ökwfudk tay:,HrQ t"dyÜm,faumuf,lí Ak'ËSifh
tNcm;&[EÅmrsm; tvGefMuD; ruGmvS? Ak'üvrf;Ny tNcm;om0ursm;u aemufvdkufrQom xl;Ncm;onf[k
omrefacgif;aqmifMuD;wpfa,muf taeNzifhom ordkif;okawoDwdkU NrifMua&;MuNcif; Nzpfonf? trSefum;
omrefacgif;aqmifrQr[kwf? ewfvlwdkUudk acgif;aqmifEdkif&ef olrwlatmifqnf;yl; tm;xkwfawmf rlcJhaom
q&mNrwfMuD;Nzpfawmfrlygayonf/

tpodkU
r[m0*¾ oH,kwf? 'kwd, ol&d,okwf ESm-187 ü -

]]&[ef;wdkU ......avmuü v? aewdkU rNzpfay:ao;orQ MuD;pGmaom ta&miftvif;[lí r½Sdao;?
wpfcJeuf ydwfydwfom;arSmifaom tarSmifxkom½Sd\/ aeUç nç vç Owkç ESpf tydkif;tNcm;[lí r½Sd?
þenf;twdkif; Ak'¨NrwfpGm ay:aygufrvmao;orQ MuD;pGmaomÚmPf ta&miftvif; rNzpfedkif? (t0dZÆm)
tarSmifxkom usdwfcJodyfoJí ae\? opömav;yg;udk a[maNymNyoNcif;? xifpGmNyNcif;?
½Sif;vif;xkwfazmfNcif; r½SdEdkif? or®morÁK'¨ trnf&aom oAÁñkwÚmPf½Sif bk&m;ocif ay:xGef;vmaom
tcgMuD;pGmaom ÚmPftvif;ta&mif ay:vmonf/ t0dZÆmtarSmifxk r½Sdawmhacs? opöm 4-yg;udk
a[maNymNcif;ç xifpGmNyNcif;ç ½Sif;vif;xkwfazmfNcif; ½SdEdkifavonf/
þokwfawmft& a½S;u rxkwfaqmif rNy&ao;aom vrf;udk xkwfaqmif&mwGif urÇmOD;u ae?
vwdkUyrm rnfrQcJ,Of;aMumif; odomvSayawmhonf/
66/ ,cktcg bk&m; &-qlESifh bk&m; 25-ql rwlxl;Ncm; uGJNym;pGm a[mawmfrlNcif;
taMumif;udk ½Sif;NyaytHh -
r[my'geokwfü udk,fawmfNrwfESifhwuG Ak'¨ 7-qlrQudk a[mawmfrl\? tb,faMumifh 7-qlrQom
a[mawmfrloenf;? Ak'¨0HoygVdawmfüuJhodkU tb,faMumifh 25-ql a[mawmfrrloenf;?
taNzum;½Sif;vSayonf? igwdkU bk&m;½Sif ed,wAsm'dwfcH,lcJh&m Ak'¨wdkUudkNyzdkU&ef Ak'¨0HoygVdawmfü 25-ql
a[mawmfrlayonf? r[mygeokwfüum; NA[®mhNynfodkU a&muf½SdaeMuaom vlUNynfüNzpfaepOf wpfcsdefu
xdkbk&m;½SifwdkU\ xHawmfrsm;ü w&m;usifhcJhMuaomNA[®mmwdkUudk csD;aNrSmufawmfrl&ef xdk 7-qlrQaom
Ak'¨wdkUudk a[mawmfrlayonf? tcsKyfrSm w&m;emowå0gwdkU\ tvdkodkUvkdufí a0ae,sZösmo,tm;Nzifh
a[mawmfrlNcif;Nzpfí bk&m; 25-qlvHk; rvdkbJ 7-ql rQ þokwfü a[mawmfrlaMumif; okwfr[m0g#Dum
eSm-14 ü #Dum q&m ½Sif;Nyxm;ayonf/
67/ wpfzef ty'gefygVdawmfü tb,faMumifh 35-ql odkUr[kwf 38-ql Nzpfvm&oenf;
ar;Nim;tHh? trSefrSm 35-ql vnf; r[kwf? 38-qlvnf; r[kwfay? igwdkU bk&m;½Sif Asm'dwfawmfcH,l&m
24-qlESifh tapmqHk; qkyefqif&m 'DyuF&mbk&m;yGifhawmfrlaom urÇmü tNcm; wPSuF&ç ar"uF&ç
o&PuF& bk&m;3-qlvnf; yGifhawmfrloGm;MuNyD;Nzpfí ,if;bk&m;oHk;qludkyg xnfhoGif;í 27-qlrQ
a[mawmfrlNcif; Nzpfonf/ <uif;aom tZÆKeç taemr paom trnfemrrsm;ESifh vmaom orÁK'¨ 19-ql
wdkUum; Ak'¨rsm; r[kwfbJ yapöuAk'¨grsm; NzpfMuavonf/ þrQtxd EdkifiHNcm; pma&;q&mwdkU rodMuacs/

tpodkU
,if; yapöuAk'¨gwdkUudk pm&if;csí aumuf,lvdkufaomf atmufygtwdkif; Nzpf\/
ta&twGuf bGJUtrnfawmf yGifh&m urÇmESifh ygVdawmf pmrsufeSm

1 tZÆKe 31-urÇmxuf yxrtkyf ESm-345
2 taemr 31-urÇmxuf yxrtkyf ESm-332
3 ok'óe 31-urÇmxuf yxrtkyf ESm-321
4-5 orÇ0? uuk" 31-urÇmxuf 'kwd,tkyf ESm-100?94
6 okre 31-urÇmxuf 'kwd,tkyf ESm-53
7 uuk" 32-urÇmxuf yxrtkyf ESm-254
8-9 orÇ0? tmeE´ 91-urÇmxuf yxrtkyf ESm-322 ?256
10 ow&HoD 92-urÇmxuf yxrtkyf ESm-341
11-12 Oywdó? a&mro 94-urÇmxuf yxrtkyf ESm-322?268
13 okr*Fv 94-urÇmxuf yxrtkyf ESm-224
14-15 ow&HoD? a&modw 94-urÇmxuf 'kwd,tkyf ESm-41?48
16-17 okpdEdÅw? tZÆKe 94-urÇmxuf 'kwd,tkyf ESm-77?90
18 okre urÇm wpfodef; yxrtkyf ESm-377
19 tEk½k'¨ urÇmta&twGufrqdk yxrtkyf ESm-410
68/ r[m,meusrf; pm'dAsm0'geüvmaom 38-ql [lonfum; þü xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef

rvdkay/ or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUonf rdrdwdkU ax&0g'usrf;pmrsm;udk ESHUpyfpGmravhvm roHk;oyfMubJ
tpOftvmtm;Nzifh rSwfom;vmaom Buddhist- Tradition [k ac:onfh t|uxm #Dumrsm;\ tqdktrdefU
trSwftom;rsm;udkvnf; tav;ûy&rSef; rodMubJ Ak'¨bmomr[kwfaom taemufwdkif;okawoDwdkU\
Hypothesis ac:onfh acwå,m,DrQ rSwfwrf;wifxm;csufrsm;udk tcdkiftrm,lqMuNyD; yd#uwfudk
aNcuefolrsm; NzpfMuí t"r®0g'Drsm;[k qdk&efrS wpfyg; tNcm;qdk&ef r&Sdawmh/
69/ ,cktcg Ak'üdk yk*¾dKvfpGJMunfñdkrINzifh bk&m;tNrwfqHk;0g'udk Ak'¨0g'DwdkU wDxGifMuonf
[laom Ak'¨bmomr[kwfonfh ynm½SdwdkU tqdkudk pOf;pm;OD;tHh? Ak'¨NrwfpGmonf owå0gtpm;pm;udk
emem"mwk0ded aAÇm*ÚmPfawmf £NE´d,ya&my&d,wdåÚmPfawmfwdkUNzifh Nrifawmfrl odawmfrlonf? tcsdKUrSm
o'¨g owd paom £aNEÉkí tcsdKUrSmum; &ifhusufMuonf? tcsKdUrSm rEkr&ifh oifhwifh½HkrQ½Sdonf?
ouf½Sdvlowå0grsm;om r[kwf? oufrJht&m0w¬Kwdkif;üvnf; tEkt&ifh toifhtwifh[l í 3-rsdK;½Sd&m
Ak'¨NrwfpGmonf ,if;wdkUudkvnf; taeu"mwk 0dedaAÇm*ÚmPf? emem"mwkk0dedaAÇm*ÚmPf?

tpodkU
£NE´d,ya&my&d,wdå ÚmPfawmfwdkUNzifh t<uif;rJhodawmfrlonf? odwdkif;raNyma[maomfvnf;

aNyma[mwdkif; rSefonfcsnf;om Nzpfonf/
70/ ,if;odkU vlESifhwuG owå0gtm;vHk;wGif tEkqHk; trsdK;tpm;udk olESifhwef½Hk tEkqHk;?
wpfenf; tnHhqHk;Nzpfaom tqifhrQ NyñTefoGefoifawmfrlonf? tv,ftvwform;rsm;tm;
redrfhvGef;rNrifhvGef;aom a'oemudk a[mNyawmfrlonf/ tNrifhqHk; yk*d¾Kvfowå0gonf tqifhedrfhudkom
cH,lusifhoHk;aeygu Ncdrf;aNcmufaigufief;íyif Nr§ifhwifay;oGm;awmfrlayonf? ordkif;q&mwdkU
ñTefNyavh½SdMuaom 0uúvdonf ,ckb0wGif xdyfqHk;tqifhNrifhrm;aom t&[wåzdkvfÚmPfudk
&rnfholNzpfonf? bmr[kwfonfh ½lyyÜrmP (½kyfyHkawmfudk MunfñdkrI)Nzifh aexdkifoGm;vQif edAÁmefESifha0;í
ewfNynfavmufrQü aomifwifaeayvdrfhOD;rnf? xdkUaMumifh ]]0uúvd ighudk,fawmfMuD;udk Munfh½Iae½HkNzifh
b,ftusdK;&Sdrnfenf;? ightem;rS a&Smifz,f xGufcGmoGm;avmh}} [k armif;rJawmfrlonf/
71/ rSefvS\/ EkvGef;aomyk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; cufcJaom tusifh? Nrifhaom w&m;rsm;udk Nyí rNzpf?
atmufxpfqHk; umrm0p&ukodkvfrQ Nzpfygap [laom oabmNzifh Ak'¨g&r®P ukodkvf? Ak'¨gEkówd
tp&Sdaom ur®|mef;udk ay;awmfrlvdkufaomf ,ckb0üvnf; pdwfcsrf;omí a&m*guif;aysmuf
MuD;yGm;Ncif;odkU a&mufrnf? ewfNynfok*wdodkUvnf; a&mufrnf {uef Nzpfonf/
72/ xdkUaMumifh £wd0kwf? wdu? t*¾yom'okwf ESm-254 ü
]]&[ef;wdkU taNcr½Sdaom owå0gç taNc 2-acsmif;ç taNc 4-acsmif;½Sdaom owå0g?
taNcrsm;aom owå0g? ½kyf½Sdaom owå0g? ½kyfr½Sdaom owå0gwdkYwGif udavomwdkUrS uif;a0;í
trSefw&m;udk udk,fawmfwdkif odNrifawmfrlaom igbk&m;udk tNrwfqHk;[k qdktyf? qdkEdkif\? bk&m;ü
MunfñdkvQif tNrwfqHk;ü Munfñdkolrnfí tNrwfqHk;aom tusdK;udk&ay\}} [k a[mawmfrl\/
73/ Ak'üdk MunfñdkrSomr[kwf oHCmudk MunfñdkvQifvnf;aumif;? oDv&Sdaom&[ef;udk
MunfvQifvnf;aumif;? t,kwfqHk; rsufpdNzifh MunfvifpGm zl;arQmf½HkrQyif tusdK;MuD;vSaMumif;udk £wd0kwf
pwkuú oDvorÜEé okwf-267 ü-
]]&[ef;wdkU oDv ESifhNynfhpHk? orm"dç ynmESifh NynfhpHk? 0drkwdå 0drkwdåÚmP'óeESifh NynfhpHkí
qHk;roGefoifwwf olawmfaumif;w&m;udk aNyma[mwwfaom &[ef;wdkUudk zl;NrifNcif;rQyif vGefpGm
tusdK;MuD;\ [k igbk&m;a[mawmfrl\}} ponfNzifh a[mawmfrlonf/
74/ Ak'üdk Munfñdkí Ak'ömoemü w&m;usifhum t0d[mbHkodk a&mufaeol [w¬urnfaom
t0d[mNA[®mwpfOD;onf Ak'äNcawmf&if;ü ay:vmí-
½SifawmfNrwfbk&m;? wynfhawmfonf bk&m;½Sifudk zl;Nrif&Ncif;ü wpf&HwpfcgrQ a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfNcif;
r&cJhyg? oHCmawmfudk vkyfauR;&Ncif;? w&m;em&Ncif;üvnf; a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfNcif; r&cJhyg?
t"doDvodu©mudk usifhoHk;vsuf w&m;em&Ncif;ü arGUavsmfum (txufyg) tcsuf 3-csufü

tpodkU
a&mifh&JrIr&cJhaom wynfhawmf [w¬uonf t0d[mNA[®mbHkodkU a&mufaecJhygonf bk&m;}} [k

avQmufzl;avonf/
75/ qdkcJhNyD;aom þtcsufwdkUudk axmufqí r[my&dedAÁmeokwfü vmaom ]]bk&m;½Sif\
"mwfawmf arGawmfwdkUudk vrf;qHk vrf;rü Xmyemí apwDwnfxm;vQif ewfvlNA[®mwdkUtzdkU ypöKyÜefoHo&m
ESpfNzmaom tusdK;&vdrfhrnf}} [laom pum;udkvnf;aumif;? bk&m;avmif;zGm;awmfrl&m vkrdÁeDç bk&m;Nzpf&m
r[maAm"dç w&m;OD;a[m&m rd*'g0kefç y&dedAÁmefpH&m ukodem½Hk [laom oHa0*yGm;&mNzpfaom
oHa0Zed,Xme 4-csuf wdkUudk NyufNyufxifxif a[mNyí oAÁñkwÚmPfawmfudk &,lawmfrl&m
t&yfponfodkU oGm;a&mufylaZmf? oHa0*,lzdkU&ef wdkufwGef;awmfrlcsufudkvnf;aumif;? Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif
a[mawmfrlcJhaMumif; ,HkrSm;zG,f&m r&Sd&m? Ak'¨bk&m;½Sifudk r,HkMunf rMunfñdkwwfaom EdkifiHNcm;om;?
bmomNcm;wdkU pum;udk tpHkprf;r&Sd? t&rf;,Hk tuef;,Hk ,Hkum? Ak'ëSifh Ak'¨0g' tpOftvmudk ysuf&,fûyí
rdIcsdK;rQpfcsdK; yufyufpufpuf qdkrd qdk&m qdkwwfMuaom OD;Ouú|? ocifNrwfqdkifESifh
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifwdkUonf "r®0g'Drsm;r[kwf? t"r®0g'Drsm;om NzpfaMumif; trSwf-2? EdkifiHawmf
oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; tnDtñGwf qHk;Nzwfawmf rlMuonf/
(þtrSwf-19 ? apm'emü <uif;aom tcsufwdkUudk trSwf-6? apm'emü pdppfqHk;NzwfNyD;Nzpfonf/)

tpodkU

EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf ( 2 )
apm'em trSwf-21
bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrsm; xkwfy,f zsufqD;Ncif;eSifh
pyfaom 0dedpä,
oH*g,em aNcmufwefwifNyD;aom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf trSeftrsm;udk vlaovlNzpf 0g'ESifh rudkufnDygu
bk&m;a[m r[kwf[lívnfaumif;? [dE´LNA[®P0g'[lívnf;aumif; ? Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; tNrifrSm;atmif
vSnfhpm;vdrfnm0g'NzefUNcif;eSifh ywfowfaom apm'em aom"em 2-&yfudk pdppfoHk;oyfcsuf/
1/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u vlaovlNzpf or®m'd|dokawoewdkU\ edum,f\ edum,f paom
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;rS t"r®0g'rsm;[k xkwfEkwfwifNy apm'em&mü 21-csufaNrmufNzpfaom oH*g,em 6-
wefwif bk&m;a[mygVdwmfrsm;udk vlaovlNzpf0g'ESifh rudkufnDygu bk&m;a[mr[kwf
[dE´LNA[®P0g'NzpfaMumif; orkwfum xkwfy,fcJhyHkudk yHkpH om"u wifNyxkwfaqmifí
apm'emMuavonf/
2/ apm'uq&mawmfwdkU\ apm'emcsufü u-c-*-C-i-p-q-Z ESifh n txd yg½Sd&m
,if;wdkUwGif Ak'¨bmodw ygVdawmfrsm;udk rnfodkUrnfyHk Ekwfy,fxkwfypfxm;í yHkysufyef;ysuf
ûyrlxm;MuyHkwdkUudk odomatmif wifNyxm;ayonf/
(u) trSwfNy tydk'fwGif 'DCedum,f? NA[®ZmvokwfrS rkom0g' odu©myk'fESifh
z½ko0gpmodu©myk'fwdkUudk ûzwfy,fxm;cJhyHkudk pmrsufESmESifhwuG wGJzufwifNyí (c)trSwfNy tydk'fwGif
,if; NA[®ZmvokwfrS {upöoów0g'qdkif&m ygVdawmfudk zsufqD;xkwfy,fxm;yHkudk wifNyxm;ayonf/
(*) trSwfNytydk'fwGif 'DCedum,f? omrnzvokwfvm 0dZÆm½Spfyg;qdkif&m ygVdawmfrsm;rS raemr,d'¨dÚmPf?
£'d¨0d"ÚmPf? 'dAÁaomwÚmP?f apawmy&d,ÚmPf? ykaAÁed0goÚmPfESifh 'dAÁpu©KÚmPfwdkUudk
zGifhqdka[mNyawmfrlxmonfh ygVdawmfrsm; (ygVdawmf pmrsufESm-6 rsuESSmwdwd)udk ûzwfy,fxm;onfudk
wifNyNyD;vQif (C) trSwfNytydk'fwGif oDvu©E¨0*¾? au0¥okwfrS pmydk'fwpfydk'fudk xkwfí
t"dyÜm,fwpfrsdK;wpfrnf NzpfoGm;apyHkudk xkwfazmfwifNyxm;ayonf/
xdkUtwl (i) trSwfNy tydk'fwGif au0¥okwfvm blweda&ma"oubdu©K 0xåK wpfyk'fvHk;
xkwfypfyHkudk azmfxkwfwifNyí (p) trSwfNytydk'fwGif t*Fkwå&edum,f? wduedygwf? auorkwdåokwfrS
NA[®pdk&fw&m;av;yg;qdkif&m ygVdawmfrsm;udk xkwfypfcJhaMumif; axmufNywifoGif;xm;cJhayonf? xdkUaemuf
(q-Z-ps-n) trSwfNy pmydk'fwdkUNzifh bk&m;a[m yd#uwfawmfrsm;rS tcsKdU yd#uwfawmfwdkUudk
bk&m;a[mr[kwf? &rf;&rf;um;um;aNymMum; a&;om;xm;yHkwdkUudk trnfemESSifhwuG
wifNyapm'emxm;onfudk awGU&ayonf? pk'dwu OD;qE´m"du\ acsqdkcsufNzpfaom oH*g,emESifh
pyfonfh pum;udk apm'em trSwf (6 ESifh 20) 0dedpäü pdppfqHk;NzwfNyD; Nzpfonf/

tpodkU
3/ 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf apm'uwdkU wifNyxm;aom apm'emcsufrsm;udk

qdkif&myd#uwfawmfrsm;eSifh wdkufqdkifppfaq;Munfh½IMuonf? ,if; ygVdawmfwdkUudk twdtvif;
xkwfy,fxm;aom edum,f\ edum,f trnf½Sd pmtkyfudkvnf; ppfaq;Munfh½IMuonf? xdkodkU
ppfaq;Munfh½IMuaomtcg apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifNyxm;onfhtwdkif;yif 'DCedum,f
oDvu©efygVdawmfüvnf;aumif;? t*kFwå&edum,f wduedygw auorkwdåokwfüvnf;aumif;
ta&;MuD;aom bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk xkwfy,fonfudk awGU&ayonf/
4/ edum,f\ edum,fpmtkyfwGif apm'uq&mawmfrsm; axmufNyxm;aom
tcsufrsm;rSwpfyg; rZösdredum,f paom edum,frsm;rS ygVdawmfrsm;udk xkwfypfxm;csufrsm;udkvnf;
awGU&Nyefonf? rZösdredum,f rlvy&d,m,okwfü ]]þokwfaemufydkif;üygaom blwa'0paom
taMumif;w&m;rsm;um; "r®cE¨m &Spfaomif;av;axmif[laom ta&twGufNynfhrDa&;rS ty tusdK;r&Sday}}
[lí vnf;aumif;? "r®'g,m'okwf ü ]]okwfwdkvGef;aeoNzifh rZösdredum,fü oGwfoGif;Edkifa&;twGuf
aemufrSNznfhpGufxm;aom pum;&yfrsm;om Nzpfonf}} [lí vnf;aumif; rSwfcsuf a&;oGif;xm;ay\/
5/ xdkenf;wl ocifNrwfqdkif\ yd#uwfawmf aumufEkwfcsufrsm; pmtkyf ed'gef;ü ]],if;
taNccH w&m;ppf w&m;rSefudk rsufuG,fûyum oH*g,emwif tMudrfMudrf ûyMu&mü NA[®P0g'wdkU\
w&m;rsm;udk Ak'¨w&m;vkyfum yyOöw&m;omvQifNzpfaom oHo&me,f 31-bHk 0JMoCMuD;udk
xdk;oGif;cJhMuavonf}} [k ,ck yd#uwfawmfrsm;&Sd tcsKdU ygVdawmfrsm;ü bk&m;a[mygVdawmf tppfr[kwf?
aemufrS xnfhoGif;csifwdkif; xnfhoGif;xm;av[efNzifh t½Sifr[muóy paom oH*g,emwif
&[EÅmt½SifNrwfMuD;rsm;udk Nypfwif½Iwfcsxm;avonf/
þrQomru ]]rdk;ay:vufñdI;xdk;íaNr§muf aNrMuD; vufñdI;xdk;íaNcmuf paom okwfrsm;udk
tukefvHk;rD;avmifí ukefukef wpfokwfwpfavrQyif rusefusef}} paom pum;vHk;wdkUudk
oHk;0Hholrsm;Nzpfonfhtwdkif; wm0ef½Sdyk*d¾Kvfrsm;u tcsdefrDrwm;qD;vQif a½SUodkUvnf; rnfrQ
Ak'¨w&m;awmfrsm;udk vuf&JZuf&J Nypfwifacszsuf xkwfy,fí aeOD;rnf rodacs/
þae&mwGif pk'dwuwdkUtaeNzifh uóybk&m;½Sif omoemawmfaemufydkif;
bk&m;½Sifomoemawmfudk tNrefuG,faysmufatmif aqmif½Guftm;xkwfoNzifh aoNyD;aemuf t0Dpdi&JodkU
a&mufMu&onfh uydv&[ef; trd om"eD ESrwmyemwdkU\ 0w¬KaMumif;udk aumif;pGm ESvHk;oGif;
qifNcifoifhayonf/ (okwåedygwf t|uxm 'k? ESm-42)/
6/ apm'em (21) csufwdkUwGif OD;Ouú|rS pí ocifNrwfqdkifESifh
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0ifrsm;onf ½kyf0g'Drsm;NzpfaMumif; tMudrfMudrfoHk;oyfcJhayonf/ vlaovlNzpf
OD;Ouú|onf (p-o-C-Z-u) [laom yom'½kyfig;yg;udkom pOf;pm;qifNcifrI\ taNccHtNzpf
xm;Mu&ef ñTefMum;cJhonfhtwdkif; ocifNrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoeqdkolwdkUuvnf; woa0rwdrf;
vdkufemcJhMuayonf/ xdkUaMumifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU wnfaxmifonfh pmwrf;ü

tpodkU
or®m'd|dokawoeqdkonfrSm rnfodkUaomolrsm; NzpfaMumif; azmfNy&mwGif ]]OD;Ouú|\ oGefoifcsuftwdkif;

yom'½kyfig;yg;udkom rlaoudkifNyD; trSefw&m;½Smolrsm;NzpfaMumif;}} zGifhNycJhayonf/
OD;Ouú|ESifh wynfhMuD; ocifNrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU em,u Ouú| trIaqmif
toif;om;wdkUonf yom'½kyfig;yg;wdkUudkom qkyfudkifxm;aom(0g) yuwd rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm?
udk,f [laom ½kyfw&m; ig;yg;Nzifh Nrif Mum; eH vsuf xd awGUí &rSom trSef odkUr[kwfu rrSef[k
w&m;aoudkifxm;ol ½kyf0g'Drsm;NzpfMuonfhtavsmuf raem0dnmPfqdkif&m tcef;u@udk
vHk;0y,fxm;Muonf/
7/ þuJhodkU ½kyf0g'tNrif taNccHNzifh oH*g,em 6-wefwif yd#uwfw&m;awmfrsm;udk
wdkif;wmMunfhaomtcg rudkufnDbJ awGU&aomaMumifh ½kyf0g'taNccHrsm;ESifh udkufnDatmif
ygVdawmftrSefrsm;udk ûzwfy,fNcif;? NA[®P0g'rsm;[k pGyfpGJNcif;? ygVdawmfvufopfrsm;udk zefwD;Ncif;?
ygVdawmfrSefudk ½kyf0g' teuft"dyÜm,fNzpfvmatmif qGJ,lteufay;Ncif;rsm; ûyvkyfMuNcif;om Nzpfayonf/
odkUNzpfí oH*g,em 6-wefwif ygVdawmfrsm;udk ûzwfy,f xkwfEkwfypfNcif;? vlaovlNzpf½kyf0g'ESifh
udkufnDatmif ygVdawmftrSefrsm;udk vdkovdk qGJ,lteufay;Ncif;? ygVdvufopfrsm;udk wDxGifzefwD;Ncif;
ûyvkyfí a[mMum;a&;om;Muaom OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkU\ t,ltqrsm;onf oH*g,em 6-wefwif
"r®0g'r[kwfrlí ax&0g'yd#uusrf;*efESifh qefUusifaeaomaMumifh t"r®0g'rsm;om Nzpfayonf/
8/ Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif y&dedAÁmefpHvGefawmfrlonfrS pí ,aeUtxd ESpfaygif; 2500-ausmfrQ
wnf½Sdvmaom oH*g,em 6-wefwif Ak'ÿd#uwfawmfrsm;udk ½kyf0g'D OD;Ouú| acgif;aqmifaom t,loD;
bmoma&;aomif;usef;*dkPf;u ûzwfxkwfowf vkyfaeMuayonf/ a';'&J OD;OaZÆmwdu
ausmif;0dkif;twGif;ü ygVdawmfrsm;udk ûzwfxkwfowfNyD; Nr§yfESHxm;onfh ocsØKif;txdrf;trSwf
ausmufwdkifpdkufxlxm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/
9/ avmuaumif;usdK;tvdkUiSm bk&m;½Sifxm;&pfawmfrlcJhaom ygVdawmfrsm; ruG,fryap&ef
rdrdwdkU\ b0udk omoemodkUay;tyfNyD; pmayy&d,wfudk oifMum;ydkUcsaeaom wpfodef;ausmf oHCmawmf
t½SifNrwfwdkUtm; pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoeqdkol vlwpfpku wpfqdwfuav;rQ
tm;rembJ &efolvdkNrifMuNyD; yufyufpufpuf ykwfcwf½Iwfcs a&;om;a[maNymaeMuoNzifh
EdkifiHawmftwGif;ü olwdkUaMumifh y#dyu©awGay:vmNyD; pnf;½Hk;a&;ûydvJvsuf&SdaeNcif;onf ]]t&if;ppf
tNrpfaNru}} qdkouJhodkU ocifNrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoeqdkolwdkU\ ygVdawmf ûzwfxkwfowf
vrf;pOfaMumifhyif Nzpfayonf/
10/ or®m'd|dokawoetrnfcH wpf,loef OD;Ouú|*dkPf;om;wdkU\ Ak'¨bmomxJ0ifNyD;
ygVdawmfûzwfxkwfowf vrf;pOfudk usifhoHk;aeMuNcif;onf aeNrifhav t½l;&ifhavNzpfvmNyD;
Ak'¨bmom&[ef;½SifvlwdkU\ onf;cHEdkifrI twdkif;twmudk ausmfvGefaponfh tqifhodkU a&mufaomtcg
bk&m;½Sif\ omoemawmftwGif;ü tukodkvfw&m;rsm; wdk;yGm;vmMurnf {uefNzpfonf/

tpodkU
11/ odkUNzpfaomaMumifh rdrdwdkUxifvQif xifovdk rxifvQif rxifovdk ax&0g'

yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk t"r®tMurf;zufí ûzwfxkwfowf ûyvkyfaeMuNcif;onf pifppf t,l0g'
t"r®vrf;pOfudkomvQif xlaxmifaeMuNcif;NzpfaMumif; EdkifiHawmfoD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)
q&mawmfrsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; av;av;eufeuf qHk;NzwfawmfrlMuonf/

tpodkU
vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä,ESifh pyfvsOf;í EdkifiHawmf

oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)\
aygif;½Hk;oHk;oyfcsuf (aumufcsuf)
1/ 1343-ck? e,kefvNynfhausmf(13)&uf (30-6-81) aeUwGif þ EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;
0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2) ½Hk;awmfodkU rdwD¬vmûrdU? "r®mp&d,ausmif;wdkufrS q&mawmfOD;pEd´rmESifhwuG
apm'uq&mawmf av;yg;wdkUu vlaovlNzpf0g'D or®m'd|dokaooe0g'DESifh a½Ttbd"r®m0g'DwdkU a[maNym
a&;om; NzefUa0aeMuaom pmtkyfpmwrf; pmapmifpm½Guf trsdK;tpm;aygif; 34-rsdK;? ta&twGuf 67-
rsdK;wdkUudk vnf;aumif;? OD;Ouú|*dkPf;om;tcsdKU a[maNymxm;aom wdwfacGrsm;teufrS
wdwfacG(11)rsdK;wdkUudk vnf;aumif;? oufaocHypönf;tNzpf wifNyMuvsuf ,if;pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh
wdwfacGrsm;ü yg½Sdaom xdkvlwpfpkwdkU\ a[maNyma&;om;csufrsm;onf ax&0g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifh
rnDñGwf½HkrQru oH*g,em 6-wefwif edum,fig;&yf yd#uwfoHk;yHkwdkUudk ysufpD;atmif
rl&if;ygVdawmfrsm;udk zsufqD;Ncif;? teuftrSm;rsm;azmfxkwfNcif;? ygVdawmftwkrsm; zefwD;xnfhoGif;Ncif;?
ygVdawmf tppftrSefrsm;udk xkwfy,fNcif;? Ak'¨ "r® oHCtay: ykwfcwfa0zefNcif;? Nyuf&,fûyNcif;?
½kyf0g'tNrifNzifh tykwfcsNcif;? at;csrf;pGm usifhoHk;aexdkifMuaom Ak'¨bmom &[ef;½SifvlwdkUtwGuf
tcsif;csif;txifrSm; tNrifrSm; Nzpfapvsuf y#dyu©rsm; zefwD;Ncif;rsm;aMumifh NrefrmEdkifiH
Ak'ömoemawmftwGif;ü "r® t"r® tNiif;yGm;rIrsm;qdkif&m qdk;½Gm;pGmay:aygufvmcJh&aMumif;? Ak'¨bmom
omoemawmfudk vufawGU vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuaom oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUtm;
pdwfESvHk;rcsrf;aNrhNzpfapcJhaMumif;? pmcspmoif omoem0if wpfodef;ausmfwdkUtm; rausreyf
txl;NzpfapcJhaMumif; avQmufxm;wifoGif; cJhMuonf/
2/ 1341-ckESpf? 0gqdkvqef;(3)&uf (4-7-81)aeUwGif apm'u q&mawmfrsm;u
þ½Hk;awmfodkU oufaocHtNzpf wifNyxm;aom xdkvlwpfpk\ vuf&mNzpfaom pmtkyfpmwrf;
wdwfacGwdkUü yg½Sdaom a[maNyma&;om;csufrsm;udk yd#uusrf;*ef? tm*r,kwdå? obm0,kwdåwdkUNzifh
xyfqifhapm'emMuonf/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkU\
omoemzsufvkyfief;Nzpfaom tqdkyg pmtkyfpmwrf; wdwfacGwdkUudk avhvmqef;ppf MunfhMu&mwGif
bk&m;½Sifudk,fpm; xm;&pfaom pmayy&d,wf usrf;*efrsm;ESifh vHk;0qefUusifvsuf ½SdMuonfhtNyif
odrfarGUeufeJaom Ak'¨bmoma&; oabmw&m;ESifh rwefavmufatmifyif yufyufpufpuf
a&;om;ykwfcwfcsufrsm; Nzpfaeonfudk awGU&aMumif;? odkUNzpfaomaMumifh awmifwGif;MuD; OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG
¤if;\ aemufvdkufaemufyg ouFef;0wfESifh vl0wfaMumifwdkU\ a&;om;a[maNym xGif;xkxm;csufrsm;onf
t"r®0g'omNzpfaMumif;? xdkt"r®0g'udk a&;om;a[maNymNzefUa0Muaom omoemhtwGif;
&efolrsm;onfvnf; t"r®0g'Drsm;yif NzpfaMumif;? ¤if;wdkU a&;om;a[maNym xkwfa0xm;aom
pmtkyfpmwrf; ausmufpm ponfwdkUonfvnf; t"r®0g'udk azmfNyaomypönf;rsm;om NzpfaMumif;? odkUNzpfí

tpodkU
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;rsm;u xdk0g' xdkyk*d¾Kvf xdkypönf;rsm;udk t"r®0g'?

t"r®0g'D? t"r®ypönf;rsm;tNzpf "r®0de,ESifhtnD vnf;aumif;? 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf;rIcif;rsm;
aNz½Sif;qHk;Nzwfa&;qdkif&m Oya'vkyfxHk; vkyfenf;rsm;ESifhtnDvnf;aumif; tqHk;tNzwfay;awmfrlMuyg&ef
avQmufxm;wifoGif;cJhMuayonf/
3/ azmfNyyg apm'emcsufudk EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU0if q&mawmfrsm;u
pdppfoHk;oyf&mwGif apm'emt*Fgvu©Pmrsm;ESifh NynhfpHknDñGwfaom "r®apm'em ,xmblwapm'em
NzpfaMumif; awGU&í þ½Hk;awmfu þtrIudk vufcHcJhayonf? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u
oufaocHypönf;tNzpf wifNyaom OD;Ouú|0g'qdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf; wdwfacGponfwdkUudk tao;pdwf
zwf½Iem;axmif pdppfMunfh&m apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifNyavQmufxm;onfhtwdkif; (19)rsdK;omvQif pmay
pdppfa&; ray:cifu yHkEdkyfxkwfa0cGifhNzifh Oya'abmiftwGif;rS xkwfa0aom pmtkyfpmwrf;Nzpfonfudk
awGU&NyD; usef 48- rsdK;rSm Oya'rJh NzefUa0xm;aom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;NzpfaMumif; awGU&ayonf/
4/ þodkU Oya'rJh ûyvkyfaqmif½GufMuNcif;onf vlU,Ofaus;rIwGif
txufwef;tusqHk;Nzpfaom Ak'¨bmom omoema&; w&m;"r®udpöü vHk;0 rvkyfoifh rvkyfxdkufaom
tvkyfrsdK;Nzpfonf? þodkU rvkyfoifh rvkyfxdkufonfudk vkyfcJhMuaom OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkUonf
bmom omoemESifh rwefaomtvkyf olawmfaumif;wdkU rvkyfxdkufaom tvkyfrsdK;udk
vkyfcJhMuolrsm;NzpfaMumif;? þodkU tpdk;&Oya'udkyif rxDav;pm;ûyvkyfolrsm;onf Ak'¨NrwfpGmbk&m;\
omoemawmfwpf&yfvHk;udk ydkíyif r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuHrIrsm; ûyvkyfMurnfholrsm; NzpfaMumif; oufaocH
ypönf;rsm;ESifh ywfowfí þ½Hk;awmfu aumufcsufcscJhayonf/
5/ apm'uyk*d¾KvfwdkUu t"r®0g' oufaocHtNzpf wifNyaom pmtkyfpmwrf;
wdwfacGrsm;ESifh ywfowfí rlva&;om; a[maNymolrsm; NzpfMuaom awmifwGif;MuD; OD;Ouú|ESSifh
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rª; OD;udkudkav;wdkUonf uG,fvGefcJhMuNyD;Nzpfonf? oufaocHypönf;
pm&if;yg vlaovlNzpfpmtkyfESifh ywfowfí a&;ol OD;Ouú| touf½SdpOfu *dkPf;aygif;pHk
"r®m0g'DoHCmawmfrsm;u pdppfí vlaovlNzpfpmtkyfyg a&;om;csufrsm;onf Ak'¨0g'r[kwf? Ak'¨"r®r[kwf?
Ak'¨bmomESifh vHk;0 roufqdkif[lí qHk;NzwfawmfrlcJhMuonfudk ,ck oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u
todtrSwfûyawmf rlMuayonf? xdkUNyif bmomomoemudk apmfum;onfhtwGuf OD;Ouú|tm;
½Hk;wifw&m;pGJqdk cJhonfudkvnf; þ½Hk;awmfu aumif;pGm trSwfxm;vsuf &Sdayonf/
,if;odkU Ak'¨0g'r[kwfaom vlaovlNzpf0g'udk a&;om;ol OD;Ouú|onf þ½Hk;awmfü t"du
w&m;cHNzpf&ayrnf? odkUaomfvnf; 0g'onfom t"duudpöNzpfí ¤if;r½Sdaomfvnf; ¤if;\ 0g'udk
þ½Hk;awmfu pdppfqHk;Nzwf&rnfomNzpfonf/ xdkUNyif OD;Ouú|0g'aemufodkU rsufpdrSdwfNyD; vdkufaeMuaom
wynfhvufom; tcsKdUNzpfMuonfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;\ a&;om;a[maNymcsufrsm;onfvnf; onfykwfxJu
onfyJqdkouJhodkU OD;Ouú|0g' aemufqufwGJrsm;(tEk0g'rsm;)NzpfMuoNzifh xdktEk0g'wdkUudkvnf;

tpodkU
wpfaygif;wnf; apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifNyonfhtwdkif; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u pdppfqHk;NzwfMurnf

Nzpfayonf/
6/ þodkU vlaovlNzpf OD;Ouú|0g'ESifh twkvdkuf tEk0g'wdkUudk oD;Ncm;0dedpä,½Hk;awmfodkU
wifí qHk;NzwfrJhudpöwGif OD;Ouú| *dkPf;om;rsm;bufrS wpfpHkwpf&m acsyaNymqdkvdkygu aNymqdkEdkifap&ef
oabmxm;MuD;pGmxm;í tcGifhta&;ay;onfhtaeNzifh pk'dwuyk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk þ½Hk;awmfu vufcHcJhayonf/
odkUNzpfí OD;Z0e(ae½Sife,f)? OD;Z0e(ig;qifh)? OD;OaZÆmwdu(a';'&J)? OD;qE´m"du(ewfrSD) ESifh ocifNrwfqdkif?
OD;cif[ef(or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf)? OD;a½TNynfwdkUonf pk'dwuyk*d¾Kvfrsm;tNzpfNzifh þ½Hk;awmfü aom"em
acsyvTmwifoGif;Edkifonfh tcGifhta&;udk &½SdcJhMuayonf/
7/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm;u oufaocHypönf;tNzpf wifNyaom pmtkyfpmwrf; pmapmif
wdwfacG ponfwdkUESifhywfowfí pk'dwu&[ef; 4-yg;ESifh vl 3-OD;wdkUu rdrdwdkUESifh oufqdkifonfrsm;udk
rdrdwdkU a[maNyma&;om; xkwfa0csufrsm;NzpfaMumif; þ½Hk;awmfü 0efcHaNzmifhcsufay;cJhMuayonf? Oya'rJh
xkwfa0cJhMuaom pmtkyfpmapmifrsm;ESifhywfowfí Niif;uG,f&ef êud;pm;Muaomfvnf; opöm"r®pmapmif
ponfwdkU\ twGif;pmom;rsm;ü OD;Ouú|0g' abmiftwGif;üom a&;om;csufrsm; NzpfNcif;?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf wnf&mvdyfpm? tzGJUcsKyfodkU zdwfac:csuf? tzGJUcsKyfodkU vaMu;ESpfaMu;ay;&ef
EId;aqmfcsuf ponfwdkUudk awGU½Sd&Ncif;wdkUaMumifh ¤if;wdkUESifh rywfouf[lí þ½Hk;awmfu r,lqEdkifay?
odkUNzpfí oufaocHypönf;tm;vHk;onf apm'uq&mawmfrsm; apm'emonfhtwdkif;yif
oufaocHaNrmufaom ypönf;rsm;NzpfaMumif; þ½Hk;awmfu aumufcsufcstyfayonf/
8/ apm'uq&mawmfrsm; wifoGif;aom omrnapm'emESifh 0daoo apm'emESpf&yftay:
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u þodkU aumufcsufcsawmfrlMuonf/
(u) OD;Ouú|onf Ak'¨0g'Dr[kwf? ½kyf0g'DwpfOD;omNzpfonf? ocifNrwfqdkifESifhwuG
or®m'd|dtzGJUcsKyfrS vlrsm;onf Ak'¨0g'Dr[kwf? ½kyf0g'Drsm;omNzpfMuonf?
OD;a½TNynfhonfvnf; Ak'¨0g'Dr[kwf? ½kyf0g'DwpfOD;om Nzpfonf? þuJhodkU ½kyf0g'Drsm;
a&;om;a[maNymaom 0g'onfvnf; Ak'¨0g'ESifh vHk;0qefUusifaom
t"r®0g'NzpfaMumif;udk apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu oufaocHpmtkyf pmwrf; wdwfacG
taxmuftxm; taumiftxnfESifhwuG wifNycsufrsm;onf cdkifvHkonf/
(c) apm'em trSwf(1) rS (21)txd apm'emcsufrsm;onfvnf; ,kwdåtm*robm0usí
apm'ut*Fgig;NzmESifhtnD wifoGif;aom "r®apm'emom Nzpfonf/
(*) apm'uq&mawmfwdkUu pk'dwuyk*d¾KvfwdkU\ pmtkyf pmwrf; wdwfacG ponfwdkUrS
a[maNyma&;om;csufrsm;udk xkwfEkwfí ygVdawmf t|uxm? #DumwdkUESifh
rnDñGwfaMumif; wifNycsufrsm;onfvnf; om"uaNrmufonf/

tpodkU
9/ apm'uq&mawmfwdkU pGJcsufwifaom tcsuf(21)csufwdkUESifh ywfowfí

pk'dwu(7)OD;xJu rnfolrqdk acsyaom"emEdkifonfh tcGifhta&;udk ½Hk;awmfu pk'dwursm;tm; tNynfht0
ay;tyfxm;ayonf? odkU&mwGif pk'dwu OD;OaZÆmwdu(a';'&J)? OD;Z0e(ae½Sife,f)? OD;Z0e(ig;qifh)
oHk;yg;wdkUu vHk;0 acsyavQmufxm;Ncif; aom"emNcif; rûyMubJ apm'uq&mawmfrsm; apm'emxm;onfh
twdkif;yif trSeftuefNzpfygaMumif; þ½Hk;awmfü 0efcHcJhMuonf? &cdkifNynfe,frS OD;a½TNynfonfvnf;
acsyNcif;rûybJ wGJzuf pk'dwu wpfOD;Nzpfol ocifNrwfqdkiftm;vTJcJhayonf/
10/ usefpk'dwu oHk;OD;wdkUonf 1343- ck? 0gqdkvqef;(7) &uf? (8-7-81)aeUwGif
½Hk;awmfu cGifhûyxm;onfhtwdkif; acsy aom"emvTmrsm;udk wifoGif;Muonf? (30-6-81) rS (8-7-
81)txd acsycsuf Nyifqif&ef tcsdef(7)&uf &cJhMuonf? odkUaomf pk'dwu yk*d¾KvfoHk;OD;teuf
OD;qE´m"duonf apm'em trSwf (5)(11)(14)(21)tm;Nzifh apm'em(4)csufudkom tenf;i,fpD
aNz&Sif;avQmufxm;onf? usefapm'em (17)csufudk OD;qE´m"du taeNzifh apm'uq&mawmfrsm;
pGJqdkonfhtwdkif; 0efcHayonf/
11/ pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkifonf apm'em trSwf(8)(20)(21)wdkUudk vHk;0acsy aom"emNcif;
rûybJ? usef apm'emwdkUudkom tenf;i,fpD acsyavQmufxm;cJhonf? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS
OD;cif[efonf apm'em (2)(4)(7)(11)(12)(15)(18)(20)(21) [laom apm'em (9)rsdK;wdkUudk vHk;0
acsyNcif; rûybJ apm'em(11)rsdK;udkom acsyavQmufxm;cJhonf? racsyaom apm'emrsm;onfvnf;
OD;Ouú|0g'eSifh oufqdkifaom apm'emrsm;omNzpfí rdrdwdkU\ r[morPMuD;\ vufcsufrsm;udk
acsyEdkifaom tcGifhta&;½Sdygvsuf racsybJ xm;Ncif;tm;Nzifh 0efcH&m a&mufayonf/
12/ pk'dwuwdkU\ acsyvTmrsm;udk 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u avhvmoHk;oyfawmfrl&mwGif
þodkU awGU&ayonf/ OD;qE´m"du\ acsycsufonf rNzpfpavmuf t&mra&mufonfudk awGU&onf/ ¤if;
udk;um;xm;aom taxmuftxm;rsm;onfvnf; apm'emcsufrsm;udk vIyfacsmufcsm;EdkifNcif; r½Sdonfudk
awGU&onf/
13/ pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkifonf ygVdpum;vHk;rsm;udkyif aumif;pGmrzwfwwf½Smol NzpfaMumif;
awGU&ayonf? ¤if;udk;um; avQmufxm;aom ygVdawmf NrefrmNyefrsm;udkvnf; aumif;pGm em;rvnfaMumif;
awGU&ayonf? tusOf;csKH;azmfNy&müvnf; t"dyÜm,frrSefuefaMumif; awGU&onf? ygVdawmf yk'fa&rsm;vQif
NyD;pwrf;qdkNyD; 0g'NzefU taetxm;rsdK;Nzifh apm'emESifh roufqdkifaom NrefrmNyefrsm;udk
udk;um;avQmufxm;onfudkvnf; awGU&ayonf/
14/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS wifoGif;aom acsy aom"emvTmudk oHk;oyf&mwGif
tcsufoHk;csufudk awGU&onf? yxrtcsufrSm þoD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&fcHk;½Hkudk 0g'NzefUpifNrifhtNzpf toHk;cs&ef
&nf½G,fcsufNzifh apm'emrIrsm;ESifh vHk;0 roufqdkifaom taMumif;t&mwdkUudk xnfhoGif;
a&;om;xm;onfudk awGU&onf? Oyrm olwdkUtm; EIwfNzifh ac:,lqHk;rvdkufvQif NyD;Edkifygvsuf oD;Ncm;

tpodkU
0dedpä,zGJUay;NyD; wdkif;odNynfod ppfaq;&aumif;vm;[k EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJUtay: tNypfyHkcsí

a&;om;rI? ¤if;wdkU\q&m(oraPm*½k)Nzpfaom OD;Ouú|tm; csD;usL;cef;zGifhí tom;vGwf csD;usL;0g'NzefU
a&;om;rIrsdK;Nzpfonf? 'kwd,tcsufrSm apm'emcsufudk acsy&mü acsy&m ra&mufaom pum;yHkrsm;
yg½SdNcif;Nzpfonf? wwd,tcsufrSm apm'emcsufudk acsyaom pum;&yfrsm; Nzpfonf? txufyg
oHk;&yfwdkUwGif EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJUtm; tNypfwifrI? OD;Ouú|tm; tqrwefcsD;rGrf;rIrsKd;udk
½Hk;awmfodkU zwfMum;wifoGif;cGifh vHk;0rûybJ y,fcscJhonf? 'kwd,tcsufNzpfaom apm'emESifh
roufqdkifonfh pum;ydkrsm;udk zwfvdku zwfEdkifaMumif;? odkUaomf ½Hk;awmfu 0dedpä,udpöü
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;rnf r[kwfaMumif; owday;csufNzifh zwfavQmufcGifhûycJhonf/
15/ pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkiftaeNzifh ½Hk;awmfodkU acsyvTm wifoGif;&mwGif ½Hk;awmfu
vdktyfaom tcsufrsm;udk pdppfar;Nref;cJhonf? ocifNrwfqdkifu ]avmuork',Oö twd¬
avmueda&m"Oöewdå} [laomygVdonf ed'ge0*¾oH,kwf ygVdawmf upömea*gwåokwf pmrsufESm-242 ü
trSefwu,f yg½SdaMumif; tcdkiftrm avQmufxm;oNzifh w&m;cGifüyif ocifNrwfqdkiftm;
ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfygVd pmtkyfudkay;NyD; xdkygVdudk ½Smcdkif;cJh&m ocifNrwfqdkifonf
rdrdudk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrd tultnD vlrsm;ESifh twlvnf;aumif; tNyefNyef tvSefvSef
½SmMuaomfvnf; rawGUbJ Nzpfaeonf? ½Hk;awmfu ar;&mwGifvnf; xkdygVdonf ygVdawmfpmtkyfrsm;ü
yg½Sdonfr[kwfygaMumif;? 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm; a½SUarSmufü 0efcHavQmufoGm;cJhonfudk þ½Hk;awmfu
rSwfwrf;wifxm;cJhonf? xdkUNyifvnf; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u ar;Nref;oNzifh rdrdygVdusrf;*efrsm;udkvnf;
rwwfygaMumif;? yd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;udkvnf; rESHUpyfygaMumif;? OD;Ouú| pmayrsm;udkom
avhvmzwf½Izl;ygaMumif;? OD;Ouú|rSwpfyg; EdkifiHawmfü xif½Sm;ausmfMum;aom pmwwfay
wwfolawmfaumif; q&mawmfMuD;rsm;udkvnf; rqnf;uyfzl;ygaMumif; aNymqdkaNzMum;onfwdkUudkvnf;
½Hk;awmfu rSwfom;xm;cJhayonf/
16/ or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf(A[dk)rS Ouú| OD;cif[efwpfOD;udkom pk'dwu pm&if;xJ
xnfhxm;aomfvnf; acsyvTmwif&mü OD;Nr'if? OD;NrifhaqG? OD;ausmfxif? OD;ÚmPfodkif;? OD;pdefat;?
OD;vGef;armif qdkolwdkUu yg0if vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;onfudk awGU&onf? ¤if;wdkU\ acsyvTmü rdrdwdkUonf
ygVdbmompmay usrf;*efudk vHk;0 rwwfrodMuaMumif; yxrMuD; yxrausmf "r®mp&d, yk*d¾Kvfrsm;
oif,l&onfh yd#uwfawmf\ taNccHNzpfaom o'´g? oû*Ø[f? tvuFm? tbd"r®mpaom
usrf;wpfpHkwpf&mudkrQ roifMum; ravhvmzl;MuaMumif;? ynm½Sdvu©PmNzpfaom o'´gusrf;?
tbd"mefusrf;? tvuFmusrf;? qef;usrf;wdkU\ tem;udkrQ roDruyfEdkifMuaMumif;
0efcHavQmufxm;Muonfudk awGU&ayonf? odkUaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkUacsyvTmü ]yuma&e ÚmaPm} paom
ygVdysufygVdtwkrsKd;Nzifh 0Hh0Hhpm;pm; wifNyavQmufxm;onfudk awGU&onf? ½Hk;awmfu ar;Nref;oNzifh
¤if;wdkUvlpkonf ygVdbmom ygVdusrf;*efrsm;udk rwwfrod½HkrQru t*FvdyfbmomNzifh a&;om;xm;aom

tpodkU
Ak'¨bmomqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udkyif udk,fwdkif rzwfr½Izl;MuaMumif; 0efcHxGufqdkxm;Muonfudk

½Hk;awmfu rSwfwrf;wifxm;cJhayonf? xdkUNyif awmifwGif;MuD;OD;Ouú|rS wpfyg; NrefrmEdkifiHü
xif½Sm;ausmfMum;aom pmwwfaywwf y&d,wf y#dywf pG,fpHk rnfonfhq&maumif;orm;aumif;udkrQ
rqnf;uyfcJhMuzl;aMumif; xGufqdkcsufudkvnf; ½Hk;awmfu rSwfwrf;wifxm;cJhayonf/
17/ þuJhodkU 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u pk'dwuyk*d¾KvfwdkU\ tûytrl taNymtqdk
twiftNywdkUtay: tav;teuf oHk;oyfí atmufygtwdkif; aumufcsufcsawmfrlMuonf/
(u) bmoma&;aomif;usef;ol acgif;aqmifNzpfaom OD;Ouú|onf i,fpOfu rnfodkU
NzpfcJhonfqdkap? ¤if;onf Ak'¨ yd#uwfusrf;*efpmayrsm;ESifh bk&m;&[EÅm t|uxmq&m
#Dumq&mwdkUxuf EdkifiHNcm;om; vlrsKd;Ncm;bmomNcm; pma&;q&mwdkUESifh ¤if;wdkU\
pmayudk ydkí txifMuD;olNzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
(c) OD;Ouú| a&;om;aNymqdkcsufrsm;t& OD;Ouú|onf ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dum yd#uwf
usrf;pmwdkUudk aumif;pGmrwwfaMumif; ESHUpyfrIvnf; r½SdaMumif; awGU&onf/
(*) OD;Ouú|onf [kwfonf Nzpfap r[kwfonfNzpfap wm0efrJh aNymvG,fqdkvG,f
ûyvkyfvG,fol Nzpf\? olawmfaumif;wdkUü ½Sd&rnfh vZDÆ*kPf uif;rJhol NzpfaMumif;
awGU&onf/
(C) OD;Ouú|onf p? o? C? Z? u -[laom yom' ½kyfig;yg;(0g) rsufNrif? em;Mum;?
ESmacgif;eH? vsmvsuf? udk,ftawGUtxd -[laom ½kyfw&m;ig;rsKd;udkomvQif vufcHNyD;
raem0dnmPfemrfudk ypfy,faom ½kyf0g'DwpfOD;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
(i) þuJhodkU yom'½kyf ig;yg;udkom pOf;pm;awG;ac:rI qifNcifoHk;oyfrIudk taNccHxm;NyD;
½kyfonf t½Sdw&m; edpöw&m;? emrfonf ½kyfrS Nzpfvmaom tNzpfw&m; tedpöw&m;[k
,loNzifh NA[®Zmvokwfü NrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaom rdpäm'd|d 62-yg;rsdK;wdkUwGif
wpfrsdK; tygt0ifNzpfonfh {upöoów'd|d(tcsKdUNrJonftcsKdUrNrJ)[k ,laom rdpäm'd|d
t,l½Sdol NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
(p) OD;Ouú|onf 'g0if0g'taNccHNzifh vlaovlNzpf0g'udk xlaxmifcJhonf?
Ak'ÿd#uwfawmfrsm;udk ½kyf0g'tNrifESifh udkufnDatmif ûyNyif&ef tMuHMuD;MuHcJhonf?
wpfzufu ½kyf0g'tNrifESifh rudkufnDaom twdwfb0? tem*wfb0? wefcdk;tbdnmPf
ponfwdkUudk udk,fwdkif wGifwGifMuD; a0zefykwfcwfNyD; wynfhawGarG;í wb0pm (½kyf0g')
omoemNyefUyGm;a&;udk qufvufvkyfapcJhonf? pifppf OD;Ouú|onf acwfa[mif;vlwdkU
ypfy,fcJhaom ru©vda*gomvponfh wdwd¬q&mMuD; 6-OD;wdkU\ rdpäm0g'udk a&musKdNyD;
Nyefvnfazmfxkwf&ef êud;pm;olom NzpfaMumif; awGU&ayonf/

tpodkU
(q) ocifNrwfqdkifESifhwuG or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU\

a&;om;aNyma[mcsuf taxmuftxm;rsm;t& ½kyfudk t&Sdw&m; edpöw&m;? raem0dnmPf
emrfudkrlum; ½kyf\*kPfrQomNzpfaom tNzpfw&m; tedpöw&m;[k OD;Ouú|enf;wl
qufvufcH,laMumif; awGU&onf? xkdUaMumifh ocifNrwfqdkifESifhwuG or®m'd|d
okawoetzGJUrS yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf NA[®Zmvokwfü NrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;aom
{upöoów rdpäm'd|dt,l½Sdolrsm;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
(Z) ocifNrwfqdkifESifhwuG or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf uH-uH\ tusKd;?
twdwfb0? tem*wfb0 aumif;rGefpGmusifhaom orPNA[®Pr½Sd[k ,laom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;
NzpfaomaMumifh NrwfpGmbk&m; vufxufu tZdwauourÁv wdwd¬wuúwGef; ,laom
t,lrsm;udk qufvufí ,lolrsm; NzpfNcif;aMumifh ¤if;wdkU\ q&mOD;Ouú|uJhodkUyif
ewd¬u'd|d? tud&d,'d|d? ta[wku'd|d t,l½Sdolrsm;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
(ps) OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG wynfhaemufvdkufrsm; NzpfMuaom ocifNrwfqdkifESifh
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf qdkcJhonfhtwdkif; {upöoów rdpäm'd|d
t,l&Sdaom ½kyf0g'Drsm;NzpfMuaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? tZdwauourÁv paom
wdw¬dMuD;rsm;uJhodkU ew¬du'd|d? tud&d,'d|d? ta[wku'd|d t,l½Sdolrsm;
NzpfMuaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; rdrdwdkU\½kyf0g'tNrifESifh qefUusifbufNzpfaeaom
yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk NA[®P0g' ponfNzifh pGyfpGJNcif;? bk&m;ra[monfudk ta[m?
bk&m;a[monfudk ra[m[k vDq,fNcif;? teufrSm;rsm;ay;NyD; ygVdtwkrsm;udkxnfhvsuf
ygVdtppftrSefrsm;udk ûzwfNcif;? ygVdawmfudk axmufcHzGifhNyaom t|uxmrsm;udk
ykwfcwfNcif;? bk&m;a[m ygVdawmf t|uxmrsm;udk xdef;odrf;í omoem
oefU½Sif;wnfwhHNyefUyGm;atmif ûyvkyfaeaom oHCmawmfrsm;udk tpGrf;ukefwdkufcdkufNcif;
ponfwdkUudk ûyvkyfNcif; NzpfaMumif; awGU½Sd&ayonf/
(n) pk'dwursm;NzpfMuaom OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG taygif;ygwdkUonf omoemawmfESifh
qefUusifaom t,l½Sdolrsm;yDyD trSefw&m;ESifh qefUusifaom vlaovlNzpf0g'ukd
xlaxmifNcif;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf? xkdvlaovlNzpf0g'udk usm;uefay;&eftwGuf 31-
bHkudk y,f½Sm;Muonf? ,if;odkU y,f&mü rdrdwdkU ,HkMunfcsuftaeNzifh ½dk;½dk;om;om;
y,f½Sm;Ncif;rûyMubJ Ak'¨NrwfpGmbk&m; 31-bHkudk vufrcHaMumif; ponfNzifh ½dk;om;aom
Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwdkU todÚmPfudk ½IyfaxG;apvsuf NrwfpGmbk&m;tay:ü
ouf0if,HkMunfMuolrsm;tm; pdwfrcsrf;romNzpfapcJhaMumif; awGU&onf/
(#) OD;Ouú|wdkUonf ½kyf0g'tNrifNzifh uH? uH\ tusdK;w&m;udk y,fNcif;? Ak'¨0g'udk
ypöKyÜef0g'Nzpfoa,mif Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwfav[ef bmomNcm;

tpodkU
vlrsdK;Ncm;wdkU\ w&m;vGefa0zefrIrsm;udk tm;,lí Ak'ömoemawmftwGif;ü taNctae

½IyfaxG;atmif zefwD;olrsm;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
(X) bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm; teuft"dyÜm,frSefudk xdefcsefvsuf rrSefaom tudk;tum;rsm;Nzifh
NrwfpGmbk&m;\ oAÁñkwÚmPfawmfudk xdyg;ykwfcwfMuNcif;tm;Nzifh OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG
ocifNrwfqdkif? or®m'd|dtzGJUcsKyfyk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf trsm;\ ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIudk
xdyg;apmfum;aMumif; awGU&onf/
(!) OD;Ouú|ESifh pk'dwwdkUonf Ak'ömoemawmf twGif;ü at;Nidrf;csrf;ompGm 0dyóemw&m;
êud;pm;tm;xkwfaeMuaomolwdkUtm; trsKd;rsKd; Nyuf&,faNymifavSmifûyNcif;tm;Nzifh
&[ef;½SifvlwdkU\ ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIudk aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
(¡) OD;Ouú|onf ¤if;\ a&;om;aNyma[mcsufrsm;t& bk&m;½SifynwfawmfrlcJhaom
0denf;usifh0wf odu©myk'fwdkUudk rdrdudk,fwdkifusifhoHk;Ncif;rûybJ tNcm;usifhoHk;aeMuaom
&[ef;aumif; ½Sifaumif;wdkUtm; yufyufpufpuf a0zefykwfcwfNcif;ûycJhonf?
OD;Ouú|onf t&[wå"Z ouFef;awmfudk 0wfqifxm;ygvsuf ouFef;0wf&[ef;awmfrsm;
vdkufemusifhMuH&rnfh 0denf;usifh0wfodu©myk'frsm;udk rusifhoHk;onfhtwGuf
ta,mifaqmif omoemzsufwpfOD;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf? xdkodkU ouFef;awmf ta&ûcHNyD;
ouFef;\ tcGifhta&;udk cH,laeNcif;onf yg&mZduusNyD;ygvsuf &[ef;[k 0efcHum
Ak'¨bmom 'g,um'g,umrrsm; tay: vdrfvnfvSnfhNzm;í rw&m;tcGifhta&;udk
&,laeaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;uJhodkU NzpfaMumif;awGU&onf/
(P) ocifNrwfqdkifESifhwuG or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS yk*d¾KvfwdkUonf OD;Ouú|ESifh
taygif;ygrsm; MuH&mygrsm; Nzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm ¤if;wdkU\ a&;om;aNyma[mcsufrsm;t&
Ak'Öygoumrsm; (Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;) r[kwfaMumif;xif½Sm;onf/ odkUNzpfygvsuf
Ak'¨bmom0if ta,mifaqmifí omoemawmfudk zsufaeolrsm; NzpfaMumif;awGU&onf/
(w) pk'dwursm;NzpfMuaom or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUonf ]]pu©K aomw Cme Zd0Sm um,}}
wdkUNzifh Nrifç Mum;ç eHç vQufç xdawGUorQwdkUudk tcgrvyf tNrJwrf;toifh&Sdol
or®m'd|dokawoD(0g) t,lrSef tNrifrSefudk ½SmazGaeol vlom;Nzpfí rdrdrsufpdNzifh
wdkuf½dkuf rNriftyfaom em;ESifhqwfqwf rMum;&aom udk,fESifh
wdkuf½dkufxdawGUír&aom ½lyg½Hk o'´g½HkwdkUudk wu,ft[kwf aNrMuD;vuf0g;ykwf
½Sdygonf[laom ,HkMunfrIrsKd;udk qefUusifonf? ypfy,fonf? yOöm½Hk vufawGUudk
a0zefoHk;oyf&mü rdrd\ 0DrHo 0dpm&PÚmPfudk tNynfht0 toHk;csolNzpfaMumif;
aMuG;aMumfxm;onfudk awGU&onfh tm;avsmfpGm ¤if;wdkUonf yOöyom' yOöm½Hk ½kyftawGU
½kyftNrifrsm;udkom qkyfudkifxm;MuNyD;? Nyóemwdkif;ü ½kyftay:üom rlwnfí

tpodkU
pOf;pm;olrsm;NzpfaomaMumifh NrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufu r[mbkwf½kyfw&m;udkom

trSefw&m; tNzpf vufcHaom tZdwauourÁvuJhodkU Ak'ömoemESifh qefUusifaom
t,l½Sdolrsm;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
(x) or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUonf w&m;ruyf w&m;rwwfaomfvnf; pum;wwfrsm;
NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf? ¤if;wdkUaNymaom pum;rsm;udk qefUusifbuf teuf,lrS
rSefuefaMumif; awGU&onf? Ak'üdk Munfñdkol tcsif;csif; udk,fhtNrifESifh
udk,faecJhMuonf[k olwdkUaNymaomfvnf; vufawGUtm;Nzifhrl udk,fhtNrifESifhudk,fraebJ
tNcm;olrsm;\ tNrifudk apmfum;cJhMuonf? ]]½SifOuú|0g' r½Sd? or®m'd|dokawoe0g' r½Sd?
olwdkUaNymorQonf Ak'¨0g'om NzpfaMumif;}} aNymNcif;tm;Nzifh Ak'üdk
pGyfpGJ&ma&mufaMumif; awGU&onf? olwdkUonf rnfonfhpmayrQrwwf? bmoma&;udk
avhvmcsdefvnf; rsm;rsm;r&[k qdkygvsuf OD;Ouú| a[maNymcsufrsm;onf Ak'¨NrwfpGm\
a'oemawmfESifh nDñGwfonf[k Mum;0ifqHk;Nzwf axmufcHaeonfudk awGU&onf?
tvGef,kwdårJhaom pum;Nzpfayonf? vlaovlNzpfonf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\
tbd"r®mr[kwf[k a½Smifvdkaomfvnf; vlaovlNzpf q&mOD;Ouú|udkrl vHk;0
axmufcHqnf;uyfudk;uG,fNcif;udk axmuf½INcif;tm;Nzifh vlaovlNzpfonfvnf;
or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUtwGuf tusKH;0ifNyD;NzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf? uG,fvGefol
OD;udkudkav;ESifh ¤if;wdkU oufqdkifNcif; r½Sdav[ef ]]xrif;a&ylvm vQmvTJ}}
vkyfMuaomfvnf; OD;udkudkav;onf or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf\
twGif;a&;rª;csKyfNzpfcJhí ¤if;wdkUtzGJUtaeNzifh rnfodkUrQ a½SmifvTJí r&aMumif; awGU&onf?
bmom0if tcsif;csif; wdkufcdkuf&ef pGyfpGJykwfcwf&ef ESvHk;oGif;r½Sdyg[k
vlMum;aumif;atmif aNymaompum;onf ,kwf,kwfrmrm qJa&;NyD;rS qJcsifír[kwfyg
qdkouJhodkU Nzpfaeayonf/
(') pk'dwu or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUu ¤if;wdkU w&m;½SmonfrSm "r® t"r®
tNiif;yGm;&efr[kwf 'ku©Nidrf;a&;udkom ½SmNcif;Nzpfonf [laompum;onf
aNymif;Nyefem;vnf&rnfh pum;omNzpfonf? ½dk;½dk;om;om; w&m;½Smaeolrsm;onf
rnfolrQ 0dedpä,½Hk;awmfodkU ra&mufMuacs? wdkif;odNynfod bk&m;udkykwfcwf?
yd#uwfawmfudk apmfum;? &[ef;oHCmrsm;udk wdkufcdkuf? Ak'¨bmomwdkU\ tpOftvm
"avhwdkUudk Nyuf&,faNymifavSmifûyvkyfcJhol? ûyvkyfaeolwdkUu at;Nidrf;pGm
w&m;½SmaeMuygonf[laom pum;onf qifaoudk qdwfa&ESifh zHk;ouJhodkU
omNzpfacsonf/

tpodkU
(") pk'dwu or®m'd|dokawoDwdkUonf "r®pMum? tewåvu©P? y#dpöorkyÜg'f w&m;awmfudk

taNccHxm;onf[k wpmpm aMuG;aMumfMuaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkU\"r®pMumç
¤if;wdkU\ tewåvu©Pç ¤if;wdkU\ y#dpöorkyÜg'fwdkUonf Ak'¨NrwfpGm\ "r®pMum
tewåvu©P y#dpöorkyÜg'fwdkU r[kwfbJ ½kyf0g'tNrifNzifh wDxGifvSnfhpm;xm;aom
OD;Ouú|\ "r®pMum tewåvu©P y#dpöorkyÜg'frsm;om NzpfaMumif;awGU&ayonf/
(e) pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUonf auorkwdåokwåefudk tm;udk;
wpfckûyNyD; auorkwdåokwåefu ay;xm;aom tcGifhta&;t& a0zefwifNyMuoa,mif
[efaqmifMuonf? odkU&mwGif ¤if;wdkUonf xdkauorkwdåokwåefudkyifvQif
qefUusifbufûyolrsm;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf? tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf auorkwdåokwåefü
]rmoraPm aem *½k = igwdkU\ q&m t½Sif&[ef;pum; [lívnf; r,lukefvifhOD;} [k
qdkxm;&m þtcsufudk rvdkufembJ ¤if;wdkU\ q&mawmf ½SifOuú|udk ¤if;wdkU\
wpfqlwnf;aom udk;uG,f&m q&mtNzpf wifaNrSmufvsuf OD;Ouú| a[maom aNymaom
ygVdawmfrS trSef? tNcm;aom yd#uwfoHk;yHkaqmif wdyd#u"& q&mawmfrsm;
a[mMum;aom ygVdawmfonfyifvQif rrSef[k wpf,loef a&;om;aNyma[m
aeMuaomaMumifh Nzpfonf? auorkwdåokwåefudk tumtuG,f,laeaomfvnf;
a0zefqef;ppf Munfh½Iwwfaom ynm½Sifrsm;tNrifü ¤if;wdkU\ r½dk;om;rIonf
bGm;bGm;MuD;ay:vsuf½Sdonfudk awGU&onf/
(y) NrwfpGmbk&m;onf 0dbZÆ0g'Nzpfí ¤if;wdkU\ ½kyf0g'tNrifNzifh a0zefcsufrsm;udk w&m;onf
[k aNymvdkMuaomfvnf; oAÁñkwÚmPfr&Sdç tbd"r®m bk&m;a[mr[kwfç 31-bHk r&Sdç
uH uH\ tusdK; wefcdk; tbdÚmPf r½Sd [k aNymNcif;rsm;onf 0dbZÆ0g' r[kwfbJ
Ak'ömoem zsufqD;a&;0g'om NzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;avonf/
(z) tm;vHk;udk ûcHí tusOf;csKyfoHk;oyf&aomf OD;Ouú|onf ½kyf0g'D? ocifNrwfqdkifonf
½kyf0g'D? or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJU0ifwdkUonf ½kyf0g'Drsm;omNzpfaMumif;? ½kyf0g'udkom
wpf,loef t,lonf; vufcHxm;olrsm; NzpfaomaMumifh rnfonfhbmomrQr½Sdaom
bmomrJhrsm;omNzpfaMumif;? þodkU bmomrJh½kyf0g'Drsm;NzpfMuygvsuf rdrdwdkU0g'udk
Ak'¨bmomESifh vGwfvGwfuif;uif; xlkaxmifNcif; rûybJ Ak'¨bmom omoemESSifh
0ifíyl;um twGif;rS 0ifí zsufaeolrsm;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf? OD;Ouú|onf i,fpOfu
½Sif&[ef;NzpfcJhaomfvnf; ½kyf0g'udk vufcHí Ak'¨0g'rS ½kyf0g'odkU
ul;aNymif;oGm;aomtcgü toGifraNymif;bJ bk&m;ta&udk qufvufûcHxm;aom
ta&ûcHom NzpfaMumif;awGU&onf? ]]aus;Zl;awmf½Sif q&mawmfbk&m;MuD; ½SifOuú|\
wynfhom;yDopGm}} [k pk'dwuwdkUu qdkonfhtwdkif; OD;Ouú|\ wynfhyDovSaom

tpodkU
ocifNrwfqdkifESifh or®m'd|dA[dktzGJUrS bmomrJh ½kyf0g'Drsm;onfvnf; bmoma&;

ta&ûcHrsm;om NzpfaMumif;? bmoma&;udk ta&ûcHNyD; twGif;u0ifí zsufaeolrsm;
"r®EÅ&m,fppfppfrsm;om NzpfaMumif;awGU&ayonf/
18/ EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2) q&mawmfrsm;onf Ak'ömoemawmftwGuf
aoa&;½Sifa&;wrQ ta&;MuD;aom udpöNzpfí vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä,ESifh pyfvsOf;NyD; apm'u
yk*d¾Kvfrsm;\ wifNyavQmufxm;csufrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? xdk wifNycsufrsm;tNyif awmifwGif;MuD;
OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;\ vuf&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? w&m;cGifü pk'dwuwdkU
wifNycsufrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? yd#uoHk;yHk ygVd t|uxm #Dum wdkUudk vnf;aumif; av;vcefU
tcsdef,lí aeUrem; nrem; us,fus,fNyefUNyefU ½IaxmifhpHkpHk qifNcifoHk;oyfonfhtwdkif; txufyg
aumufcsufrsm;udk csrSwf&½SdcJhNcif;Nzpfayonf/
omoemh twGif;&efolrsm;aMumifh omoemtusKd;,kwfyHkrsm;

1/ omoemawmfESpf(218)ESpfwGif tbdodufcH,laom yg#vdykwfNynfh½Sif taomubk&if
eef;rwufrDESifh eef;wufp umvwdkUü Ak'ömoemawmftwGif;odkU omoemhta&ûcHum rdpäm'd|dt,l½Sdaom
wdwd¬wdkU 0ifa&mufcdkatmif;cJhayonf? xdkouFef;0wfwdwd¬wdkUonf rdrdwdkU\ rdpäm0g'rsm;udk NzefUNzL;&mü Ak'¨
NrwfpGmbk&m;udk A[dkr@dKifxm;í olwdkU0g'rSom bk&m;a[m0g' tppftrSefNzpfaMumif; tvkt,uf
pnf;½Hk;odrf;oGif;cJhMuonf? xdkqefUusifbufyk*d¾KvfwdkUonf ol,kwfrm tûytrl trsdK;rsdK;Nzifh
wufwufMuGMuG vIyf½Sm;aqmif½GufcJhMuoNzifh ae&mwumwGif olwdkUu pD;rdvmMuonf?
oHCmhudpörsm;udkomru taomurif;rSwpfyg; tmPm½Sd rª;rwfrsm;udkyif olwdkUtm; axmufcHolrsm; tNzpf
pnf;½Hk;odrf;oGif;EdkifcJhMuavonf/
2/ ax&0g' Ak'ömoem trSefudk vdkufem usifhoHk;Muaom ½Sifaumif;&[ef;aumif;rsm;onf
olwdkUudk r,SOfEdkifbJ ae&mwdkif;wGif olawmfaumif;yDyD a½SmifvTJaecJhMu&onf? odkUNzpfí OykofuHudpörsm;udk
ouFef;0wf wdwd¬rsm; wpfOD;pD ûyvkyfMuaomtcg &[ef;aumif;rsm;u Ak'¨g0g'rS wpfyg;aom
t,l½Sdolrsm;ESifh twlwuG OykofrûyEdkifaomaMumifh a½Smifz,faecJhMuonf? þuJhodkU &[ef;wkrsm;ESifhtwl
OykofrûyMuonfhtwGuf 7-ESpfwdkifwdkif oHCnDñGwfa&; ysufNym;vsuf ½SdcJhonf/
3/ taomurif;MuD;onf pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI½Sdap&ef EdkifiHa&;tNrifNzifh MunfhNyD; &[ef;tm;vHk;
wnDwñGwfwnf; Oykofûyap&eftwGuf trwfwpfOD;tm; wm0efay;apcdkif;cJhavonf? xdktrwfonf
wdwd¬wdkU\ bufom;NzpfoNzifh Oykofrûyaom bk&m;½Sif om;awmfppf oHCmawmf taNrmuftNrm;udk
aoG;acsmif;pD;atmif owfNzwfcJhavonf? uHtm;avsmfpGm olawmfaumif; oHCmrsm;xJwGif
taomurif;MuD;\ nDawmfwdóonf &[ef;b0Nzifh yg0ifvsuf ½SdaeaomaMumifh
xdktrwfrdkuf\ &ufpufyGJMuD;udk [efUwm;EdkifcJhavonf/

tpodkU
4/ þuJhodkU omoemhordkif;wGif aMuuGJ0rf;enf;zG,f aumif;aom trJuGufMuD;

pGef;xif;ay:cJh&NyD;umrS taomurif;MuD;onf Ak'¨ omoemtrSefudk a[maNymEdkifrnfh q&maumif;udk
½SmazG&mwGif ½Sifr[marm*¾vdykwåwdórax&fudk awGUí rax&fxHrS Ak'ömoemtrSefudk oif,lNyD;
ouFef;0wf wdwd¬wdkUudk ½Sif;vif;okwfoifEdkifcJhavonf/
5/ txufyg tNzpftysufudk oHk;oyfMunfhonf½Sdaomf Ak'ömoemrS wpfyg; tNcm;aom
t,l½Sdolrsm;rSm omoemawmfwGif;odkU acgif;NrD;ûcH 0ifa&mufNyD; twGif;uaeí zsufqD;onfhtcsufudk
awGUMu&ayonf? þodkU rdrdwdkU udk,fwdkifu 0g'wpfyg;½Sdaeolrsm;Nzpfygvsuf rdrdwdkU0g'omvQif
Ak'¨0g'NzpfaMumif; 0ifa&mufNiif;ckefwdkufcdkufNcif;onf ]a,m a[mwd 0d0ga'g A[kZem[dwm,
A[kZemokcg, A[kaem Zeó tew¬m, t[dwm, 'ku©m, a'0rekómeH} [laom t*FkwdåK&f ygVdawmf
quúedygwf 294-ü a[mMum;awmf rlonfESifhtnD &[ef;½SifvlNynfoltrsm;\ tusdK;pD;yGm;rJhrI?
qif;&J'ku©a&mufrIwdkUudkom NzpfapEdkifaMumif;ay:vGif xif½Sm;avonf/
6/ þodkUomoemawmfxJ0ifNyD; omoemhta&ûcHum bk&m;a[mw&m;awmf "r®udk
bk&m;a[mr[kwf t"r® [k vnf;aumif;? bk&m; ra[maom ygVdteuftwkrsm;udk bk&m;a[maom "r®
[lí vnf;aumif; Niif;ckefaNymqdkMuaom yk*d¾KvfwdkUonf 0de,ypöwd¬u = 0denf; omoemawmfNrwf\
qefUusifbuf &efolrsm;omNzpfMuonf? okwåEÅ ypöwd¬u = okwåef omoemawmfNrwf\ qefUusifbuf
&efolrsm;om NzpfMuonf? tbd"r®m ypöwd¬u = tbd"r®momoemawmfNrwf\ qefUusifbuf
&efolrsm;omNzpfMuonf/
7/ tbd"r®m a'oemawmfNrwfudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[lí qefUusifbuf
pGyfpGJaNymqdkMuolwdkUonf ]tbd"r®H y#dAma[aEÅm £ro®ð Zde pauú y[m&H a'wd} [k t|uxmvDed
t|uxm ESm-30ü rdefUrSmawmfrlonfESifhtnD bk&m;½Sif\ omoemawmfNrwfudk xdyg;ykwfcwf
apmfum;olrsm;yif NzpfMuonf? xdkrQru ]oAÁñkwÚmPH y#dAm[wd} [lonfESifhtnD NrwfpGmbk&m;\
oAÁñkwa½TÚmPfawmfudkyif wm;Nrpfydwfyifolrsm; NzpfMuonf? xdkrQru ]aomwkumrH y&doH 0doH0g
a'wd} [lonfESifhtnD oHo&mrS xGufaNrmuf&ef taMumif;Nzpfaom ed,smedu bk&m;omoemawmftrSefudk
avhvmoif,lusifhMuHolwdkUtm; avhvmoif,l usifhMuHvdkpdwf r½Sdatmif zefwD;Muaom
omoemzsufyk*d¾Kvfrsm;yif NzpfMuonf/
8/ xdkuJhodkU Ak'¨0g'rS aoGznfaom rdrdwdkU0g' vufudkifwpfckckNzifh Ak'ömoemudk
0ifa&mufzsufqD;olrsm;onf ]'kyÜ#dyaEém [d omoeH bdEáEÅm ow¬K "r®o&Da& y[m&H a'wd} [k
O'gef;t|uxm? ESm-87ü rdefUqdkonfhtwdkif; Ak'¨NrwfpGmbk&m;½Sif\ udk,fum,awmfudkyif
½dkufESufykwfcwfxdk;ckwfolrsm; Nzpfayonf/
9/ þodkU omoemh ta&ûcHum omoemawmftwGif;0ifí taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;Nyum "r®udk
t"r®? t"r® udk "r®? bk&m;ra[monfudk ta[m? bk&m;a[monfudk ra[m ponfNzifh

tpodkU
0ifa&mufyl;owfNyD; 0d0g'gt"d u½kPf;rsm;Nzpfatmif zefwD;rIonf wdkwdkESifh rNidrf;at;ygvQif aeNrifhav

t½l;&ifhav qkdbdouJhodkU Ak'ömoemtwGif;0,f &[ef;½Sifvlrsm;xJü omoe"r®tay:
txifrSm;tNrifrSm;rIrsm; NzpfvmNyD; omoemawmfESifh ywfowfí tNiif;yGm;rIrsm; y#dyu© NzpfrIrsm; ydkí
MuD;xGm;vmedkifyHkudk 0drwd0daem'eD #Dumq&mu êudwif owday;xm;cJhavonf/
10/ NrefrmEdkifiHawmfü omoem 2500-acwfwGif q|oH*g,emwifNcif;? yd#uoHk;yHkudk
tHhzG,fo&J tm*HkaqmifEdkifaom omoemhtmZmenfrsm; ay:xGef;Ncif;? t&d,m&[EÅm[k
ausmfMum;avmufatmif tusifhodu©maumif;vSaom &[ef;aumif;rsm; ay:xGef;Ncif;wdkUaMumifh
Ak'ömoemawmf\ taNconf wdk;wufvmonf[k wpfzufwGif qdk&ef½Sdonf/
11/ odkU&mwGif tumif;½SdvQif tqdk;½Sdaom avmu"r®wmtwdkif; tNcm;wpfzufwGifvnf;
Ak'ömoemawmftrSefudk zsufvdkzsufqD;ûyvkyfMuaom tEÅ&m,fqdk;onfvnf; ,ckomoemESpf 2500-
acwfwGif ododomom ay:aygufcJhavonf? þodkU ay:aygufvmaom "r®EÅ&m,frsm;teuf
awmifwGif;MuD;OD;Ouú| acgif;aqmifaom omoemhta&ûcH ½kyf0g'*dkPf;\ xdk;ESufcsufrSm omoemawmftm;
rsm;pGmyif txdemapcJhonf? awmifwGif;MuD;OD;Ouú|onf i,fpOfu ½Sif&[ef;NzpfcJhaomfvnf;
yifudk,fp½dkuftm;Nzifh omoemawmftay: o'¨gw&m; tvGefenf;NyD; t,lonf; acgif;rmolNzpfonfh
tm;avsmfpGm ygVd t|uxm #Dum yd#uwf usrf;*efrsm;udkvnf; ,xmblwusatmif rwwfrod
rusifhrMuH tvGefnHhaom udk,fcHNzifh udkvdkeDe,fcsJUorm;wdkU\ ppfaMumif;wpf&yfNzpfaom omoemzsuf
pmayppfaMumif;ESifh tawGUwGif vHk;0usqHk;oGm;NyD; urÇmtESHU t½Sdeft[kefNyif;pGm xdk;ESufvmaom ½kyf0g'\
vTrf;rdk;rIudk vHk;0cHoGm;&½Smol Nzpfonf? odkUNzpfí q&mpOfquf usifhoHk;cJhaom Ak'ömoemh0g'trSefudk
awmfvSefNyD; ½kyf0g'odkU ul;aNymif;um omoemhtwGif;&efol NzpfvmcJhayonf/
12/ þodkU omoemhta&ûcH ouFef;0wf OD;Ouú|onf ½kyf0g'tNrifNzifh edum,fig;&yf
yd#uoHk;yHkrsm;udk &p&mr&Sdatmif a0zefykwfcwfvmNcif;? Ak'¨0g'ESifhvHk;0 qefUusifaom vlaovlNzpf0g'udk
a&;om;vmNcif;? Ak'¨ "r® Ak'¨ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk a0zefykwfcwfvmNcif;? omoemapmifh r[max&frsm;
ausmufxD;wEÅK tav;ûytyfaom oHCmawmftm;vHk;udk odrf;usKH;ykwfcwfvmNcif; ponfwdkUudk
ol\pl;½Saom uavmifoGm; aumufuspfpOf;vJaom 0uFEÅÚmPfwdkUNzifh tqufrNywfûyvkyfcJhayonf/
xdkuJhodkU OD;Ouú| w&m;vGefvmaomtcg "r®0g'DoHCmawmfrsm;u yumoeD,uHûyívnf;aumif;?
Ak'ömoem0if 'g,umrsm;u tyÜom'ya0'eD,uHûyívnf;aumif; wm;NrpfcJhMuao;onf? odkU&mwGif
aumif;pGm t&mra&mufcJhay/
13/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf NrefrmNynfwGif;odkU xGif;azmuf0ifa&mufvmaom
acwfopf½kyf0g'udk vufcH,HkMunfMuonfh vl0wfaMumifwdkUonf OD;Ouú|aemufodkU aumufaumufyg
vdkufcJhMuaomaMumifh Nzpfayonf? xdk OD;Ouú|\ aemufvdkuf ½kyf0g'DwdkUonfvnf; OD;Ouú|enf;wl
omoemawmfodkU csOf;uyfum rdrdwdkUomvQif Ak'¨bmom ppfrSefolrsm;tNzpf aMuG;aMumfMuvsuf

tpodkU
Ak'ömoemawmfudk twGif;u0ifí wufwufMuGMuG zsufqD;Muavawmhonf? xdkolwdkUum; tNcm;r[kwf?

,ck ½Hk;awmfodkU a&mufaeMuaom ocifNrwfqdkifESifhwuG or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyfrS OD;cif[ef
paomyk*d¾KvfwdkU Nzpfayonf/
14/ txufwGif azmfNycJhonfhtwdkif; Ak'ömoemawmfrS wpfyg; tNcm;aom ½kyf0g'
t,l½SdMuaom olwdkUtm; "r®puf tmPmpufwdkUNzifh wdwdusus ta&;,laqmif½GufNcif; rûyygu
Ak'ömoemawmf omru omoemawmfudk Nidrf;csrf;pGm vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuaom
&[ef;½SifvlNynfolwdkU\ twGif;ü pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&; ysufNym;um ab;'ku©tEÅ&m,f trsdK;rsdK;usa&muf
vmvdrfhrnf Nzpfayonf? odkUNzpfaomaMumifh awmifwGif;MuD; OD;Ouú| pchJaom ½kyf0g'udk taNccHonfh
vlaovlNzpf0g'? xdkvlaovlNzpf0g'ESifh wpfEG,fiif wpfpifyg qufpyfvsuf½Sdaom tEk0g'rsm;udk
t"du½kPf; Nidrf;at;ap&ef &[ef;? ½Sifvl Nynfoltrsm; csrf;omap&ef EdkifiHawmf\ pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;
cdkifNrJwdk;wufap&ef omoemawmf oefU½Sif; wnfwHh NyefUyGm;ap&ef &nfoefawmfrlMuvsuf
ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dum cdkifcefUaom bk&m;Oya'awmfMuD;ESifhtnD 0dedpä, csrSwf MuayukeftHh/

tpodkU

tydkif;(6)
6-1/ vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, csrSwfcsuf
6-2/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u pk'dwuwdkUtm; rdefUMum;aom Mo0g'uxm
6-3/ ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf\ ½Sif;vif;aNymMum;csuf
6-4/ t"r®0g'pGefUvTwfyGJ tcrf;tem; tpDtpOfrsm;
9-5/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;vTm
6-6/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU tvSnfhus Ouú|q&mawmf\ Mo0g'uxm
6-7/ q&mawmfOD;crmok"\ 0dedpä,tusOf;csKyf oHk;oyfcsufESifh ESvHk;oGif;zG,f Mo0g'
6-8/ tusdK;aqmif q&mawmf\ ½Sif;vif;rdefUMum;csuf
6-9/ t"r®0g' pGefUvTwfaMumif; y#dnmOfûy vufrSwfa&;xdk;Ncif;
6-10/ NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efBuD;Xme\ trdefUaMumfNimpm
6-11/ usrf;pmtkyf "r®'getvª½Sif
bk&m;½Sifawmf? yGifhxGef;ay:í
a[mazmfñTefNy? Nrwf"r®aMumifh
þum;ukodkvf? tukodkvfESifh
xdkxdkbHkb0? odMu&? rsm;vSaus;Zl;ay
aus;Zl;awmf½Sif? bk&m;½Sifudk
aeUpOfrNywf? aus;Zl;qyfzdkU
tNrwf&wem? omoemudk
ESpfNzm0efxrf;? vGefêud;yrf;
vlpGrf;NyMuav/
(r[m*E¨m½kH q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;)

tpodkU
Nynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor®w NrefrmedkifiHawmf?

EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUu 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf; rIcif;rsm;
aNz½Sif;qHk;Nzwfa&;qdkif&m Oya'? ,if;Oya'\ vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;eSifh tnD
zGJUpnf;tyfaom EdkifiHawmf A[dkoHCmh0efaqmif q&mawmfrsm;om
yg0ifaom EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2)\
vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, rSwfcsuf

(vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; tydk'f 42)
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2)

1343-ck? "r® t"r® rIcif; trSwf-1
apm'u yk*d¾Kvfrsm;
1/ OD;pEd´rm? rdwd¬vmûrdU? "r®mp&d, ausmif;wdkuf?
2/ OD;ynmoD[? arûrdU? &wemrm&fatmif ausmif;wdkuf?
3/ OD;0dok'¨ ? rEÅav;ûrdU? avmurSefuif; ausmif;wdkuf?
4/ OD;ynmomrd? ompnfûrdU? a&vnf ausmif;wdkuf?
pk'dwu yk*d¾Kvfrsm;
1/ OD;OaZÆmwdu? a';'&JûrdU?
2/ OD;Z0e (ae&Sife,f) awmifwGif;MuD;ûrdU?
3/ OD;Z0e (ig;qifh) awmifwGif;MuD;ûrdU?
4/ OD;qE´m"du (ewfrSD) awmifwGif;MuD;ûrdU?
5/ ocifNrwfqdkif? &efukefûrdU?
6/ OD;cif[ef (or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUcsKyf) &efukefûrdU?
7/ OD;a½TNynfh? awmifukwfûrdU?
awmifwGif;MuD; OD;Ouú| pwifcJhaom vlaovlNzpf0g'ESifh wEG,fiifwpifyg or®m'd|dokawoe
paom qefUusifbuf0g'wdkU a&muf½Sd&m ûrdUe,f^&yfuGufâus;½GmwdkUü Nzpfay:vsuf&Sdaom "r® t"r®
tNiif;yGm;rI? 0de, t0de, tNiif;yGm;rI paom 0d0g'g"du½kPf;rIudk aNyNidrf;ap&ef tvdkUiSm
NynfolUvTwfawmfu wnDwñGwfwnf; Ny|mef;ay;xm;aom 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf;rIcif;rsm;
aNz½Sif;qHk;Nzwfa&;qdkif&m Oya'? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHawmf oHCmr[mem,utzGJUu

tpodkU
a½G;cs,fzGJUpnf;ay;xm;onfh EdkifiHawmf A[dkoHCmh0efaqmif q&mawmfMuD;rsm;om yg0ifaom EdkifiHawmf

oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2) 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; udk,fwdkif vufrSwfa&;xdk;í "r®0de,ESifh tnD
vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä,udk csrSwfay;awmfrlvdkufonf/
0dedpä,csrSwfcsuf
1/ OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkUonf bmomrJh½kyf0g'Drsm;NzpfaMumif; apm'emcsufESifh ywfowfí
NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf pdwf apwoduf ½kyf edAÁmef y&rw¬w&m; av;yg;udk taNccHí 0w¬½kyfaNcmufyg;
tm½HkaNcmufyg; 0dnmPf 6-yg;wdkUudk 24-ypönf;ü oGif;í ½Sif;vif;aom0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\
aemufvdkuf or®m'd|dokawoD qdkolwdkU\ 0g'onf yom'½kyfig;yg;? ½kyftm½Hkig;yg;udkom uGufí,lNyD;
,if;½kyfudk t½Sdw&m; edpöw&m;tNzpf rlaoudkifNyD; emrfw&m;udkrl tNzpfw&m; vufatmufcHw&m;tNzpf
xm;½Sdaom {upöoów ½kyf0g'rsdK; NzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? ¤if;wdkUonf xdk½kyf0g'tNrifNzifhom
t&m&mudk oHk;oyf½INrifNyD; Ak'¨ "r® oHCm tNrwfqHk; &wemwdkUudk ykwfcwfy,fzsufNcif;tm;Nzifh
o&P*Hkr½Sdaom bmom omoemrJh tNzpfwGifom ½SdaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
2/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf vlaoaomtcg a'0*wd? rEkó*wd? wd&päme*wd? ayw*wd?
ed&,*wd(ewf? vl? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? i&J) [laom *wdig;yg;udk rdrdwdkU ûyvkyfaom ukodkvf tukodkvf
uHtm;avsmfpGm vm;a&muf&aom 0g' NzpfNyD; awmifwGif;MuD; OD;Ouú|\ 0g'onf ½kyf0g' tNrif twdkif;
vlaovQif aemufxyfNzpf&efrvdk tu,fí NzpfOD;rnfqdkvQif vlrS wpfyg; tNcm;aom vm;zG,f*wd r½Sd?
vlomvQif Nzpf&rnf [k Oapä''d|d? oów 'd|dudk ,laomtm;Nzifh Ak'¨0g'udk qefUusifaom0g'
NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
3/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\0g'onf MoumoavmuNzpfaom 31-bHk\ yifudk,ftm;Nzifh
wnf&Sdaeonfudk vufcHNyD; xdk 31-bHkü Nzpf&ef taMumif;w&m;rsm; xdk31-bHkrS xGufaNrmuf&ef
enf;vrf;rsm;udk ñTefNyaom0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifhwuG wynfhaemufvdkufwdkUonf ¤if;wdkU\ rsufpdNzifh
Nrif&aom vlUbHkESifh wd&pämefbHkudkom vufcHí 31-bHkudk vufrcHaom0g' ½Sdolrsm; NzpfonfhtNyif
NrwfpGmbk&m;udkyif 31-bHk0g' vufrcHav[ef pGyfpGJxm;aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
4/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf ur®óuwor®m'd|d? psmeor®m'd|d? 0dyóemor®m'd|d?
r*¾or®m'd|d? zvor®m'd|d? ypöa0u©Pmor®m'd|dtm;Nzifh ppfrSefaom or®m'd|d (6)rsdK;udk taNccHonfh twdkif;
uH uH\ tusdK;w&m;udk ouf0if,HkMunfrI? ur®óuw or®m'd|dudk taNccHupí vufcHaom0g'NzpfNyD;
OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ aemufvdkufwynfhrsm;\ 0g'onf tvªay;Ncif;? OykofapmifhNcif;? bm0emtm;xkwfNcif;
ponfNzifh uH uH\ tusdK;w&m;qdkif&m udpörsm;udk tZdwauourÁv wdw¬dwuúwGef; uJhodkU y,faom0g'

tpodkU
5/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf NrwfpGmbk&m; &½Sdawmfrlaom 0dZÆmoHk;yg; 0dZÆm½Spfyg;

ÚmPfawmfq,fyg;wdkUt& a½S;tNzpfudk Nrifaom ykaAÁed0goekówdÚmPf? aemifvmrnfh tem*wftNzpfudk
Nrifaom tem*wHoÚmPf? ypöKyÜef½I&ef Nzpfaom 0dyóemÚmPf ponfwdkUNzifh twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef
umvoHk;yg;udk olUae&mESifhol us,fus,fNyefUNyefU vufcHaom0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh ocifNrwfqdkif
or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkU\ 0g'onf ½kyf0g'tNrifNzifh ykcufESifhacgif;Mum; [laom ypöKyÜefudkom ,lonfh
tvGefusOf;aNrmif;aom 0g'NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
6/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf tvGefav;eufus,fNyefUvSaom tbd"r®ma'oemawmfudk
NrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif pwifa[mMum;NyD; ynm{w'*f& vusfm&H ½Sifom&dykwå&mrSwpfqifh
vlUavmuü NzefUa0cJhaom a'oemNzpfonfhtNyif NrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif 0denf;ynwfcsufrsm;ü
vnf;aumif;? oH,kwf ygVdawmf paom okwfw&m;awmfrsm;ü vnf;aumif; tbd"r®mw&m;oabmrsm;udk
trsm;tNym; xnfhoGif; a[mMum;xm;onfNzpfí tbd"r®monf taNccHtm;Nzifh bk&m;a[mppfppf
NzpfaMumif; rSefuefpGm vufcHusifhoHk;&aom0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkY\ 0g'onf
tbd"r®mw&m;awmfü us,fNyefUav;eufaom w&m;"r®ydkif;udk roHk;oyfr½INrifEdkifMubJ bmomNcm;
vlrsdK;Ncm;wdkU\ pmayppfaMumif;rS ay:aygufvmaom tay:&H ty,duNzpfonfh ordkif;aMumif;tNrifNzifh
tbd"r®m bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k wm0efrJh a&;om;rIrsm;udk t[kwfrSwfum Ak'¨ tbd"r®mudk
bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k trSefw&m;ESifh qefUusifNyD; ,laom0g' NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
7/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf okar"m½Sif&aohb0rS pí ]oAÁñkwH ygykPdwGm oEÅma&óH
oa'0uH} oAÁñkw bk&m;½Sif tNzpfodkU a&mufaomtcg vl ewf NA[®m owå0gwdkUudk u,fwiftHh
[laom &nf½G,farQmfrSef;csufMuD;onf r[mouú&mZf (103) ckESpf? uqkefvNynfhaeU r[maAm"dyif&if;ü
NynfhaNrmufawmfrlNyD; twkr½Sdaom bk&m;½SifNzpfum oAÁñkwÚmPfudk trSefpifppf &awmfrlNcif;? ,aeU
vuf½Sd oH*g,em aNcmufwefwif edum,f ig;&yf yd#uwf oHk;yHk ygVdawmftkyfa& (40)cefUudk
a[mEdkifonfh yk*d¾KvfrsdK;onf tvHk;pHkaom ÚmPftNrif½Sdonfh oAÁñkwÚmPft½SifomvQif Nzpf&rnf [laom
taxmuftxm;t& Ak'¨NrwfpGmbk&m;onf trSefpifppf oAÁñkwÚmPfawmfudk &½SdolNzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh
aemufvdkufwdkUonf xdkuJhodkUaom oufaotaxmuftxm;wdkUudk rsufuG,fûyvsuf ½kyf0g'tNrifNzifh
qefUusifa&;twGuf oAÁñkwÚmPfawmfudk xdyg;ykwfcwf apmfum;MuaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
8/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf 0dyóem\ taNccHNzpfaom orxvrf;pOfESifh avmukwå&m\
taNcNzpfaom 0dyóemvrf;pOfwdkUudk tcdkiftrm wnfaqmufí a0ae,s owå0gwdkUtm; b0oHo&mrS
xGufaNrmufa&;twGuf pDpOfñTefMum;aom0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh pk'dwu ocifNrwfqdkif or®m'd|dokawoe
tzGJUrS vlrsm;onf ½kyf0g' tNrift& oHo&mESifh oHo&mrS vGwfaNrmufrIudk vufoifhrcHolrsm;yDyD
b0oHo&m xGufaNrmufaMumif;Nzpfaom orx? 0dyóemvrf;pOfwdkUudk zsufqD;aom0g' ½SdMuaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif;/

tpodkU
9/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf 0denf;usifh0wf odu©myk'fawmfrsm;udk &[ef;wdkU\ touf?

omoemawmf\ touftNzpf tav;teufxm;um ck'´gekck'´ tao;tzGJ odu©myk'fygrusef
tav;*½kûyí usifhoHk;vdkufemonfh0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkU\ 0g'onf 0denf;usifh0wfrsm;udk
Oyg'geftpGJtvrf;rsm;[k orkwfum 0denf;usifh0wfudk rsufuG,fûyaom t0de,0g'NzpfaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif;/
10/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf NrwfpGmbk&m; ynwfawmfrlaom 0denf;usifh0wfodu©myk'frsm;udk
udk,f0,fqifNref;í vdkufemusifhoHk;aom &[ef;aumif; ½Sifaumif; oHCmawmfaumif;wdkUudk csD;rGrf;axmrem
Mobmûyaom0g'NzpfNyD; vlaovlNzpfOD;Ouú|ESifh wynfhMuD; ocifNrwfqdkif or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUrS
vlwdkUonf 0denf;awmfESifhtnD usifhMuHaexdkifMuaom tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k? t*¾r[my@dw? wdyd#u"&
"r®b@m*g&du tp½Sdaom ausmufxD;wEÅK tav;ûytyfaom olawmfaumif; &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;udk
tacsmiform;awG ponfNzifh yufyufpufpuf qJa&;ykwfcwfaom rkom0g'? ydokP0g'? z½ko0gpm?
oræyÜvmy - [laom 0pD'kp½dkufav;yg; taNccHNyD; oHCmtm; qJa&;aom oHCtauúmo0g'½Sdolrsm;
11/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf arwåm opömESifh udk,fusifhw&m;udk taNccHaom &weokwf?
arwåmokwf paom okwfw&m;rsdK;udk tzefzef½Gwfzwfo&Zös,fNcif;tm;Nzifh ukodkvfw&m;wdk;yGm;apNyD;
ab;tEÅ&m,fwdkUudk wm;qD;umuG,fonfh y&dwfa'oemawmfrsm;tNzpf cGifhûyaom (0g)
y&dwf½Gwfaumif;aom0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkUonf NA[®PwdkU\ rEÅef½GwfyHk? r[m,ewdkU\
y&dwf½GwfyHk? 0dZÆm"dk&fwdkU *gxmpkwfyHk? vuf½Sd Ak'¨bmomwdkU y&dwf½GwfyHkwdkU\ t*Fgvu©Pmrsm;
rwluGJNym;Ncm;em;rIudk vHk;0em;rvnfMubJ toHwlumrQNzifh oabmwlrSwfí Ak'¨bmomwdkU\
tpOftvmaumif;rsm;udk zsufqD;aom0g'½Sdolrsm; NzpfMuavaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
12/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf NrwfpGmbk&m;\ "mwfawmfarGawmfrsm; apwDawmf
ykxdk;awmfrsm;? qif;wkawmfrsm;? qHawmf "mwfawmfrsm; ponfwdkUudk NrwfpGmbk&m;\ aus;Zl;awmf
*kPfawmfwdkUudk tm½Hkûyí ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfudk;uG,forIûy&ef cGifhûyaom0g'NzpfNyD;? OD;Ouú|ESifh
aemufvdkufwdkUonf xdkuJhodkYaom "mwfawmfarGawmf apwDawmf qif;wkawmf ponfwdkUudk
udk;uG,fylaZmfNcif;udk qefUusifaom0g'Nzpf½HkrQru OD;Ouú|onf rdrd½kyf0g'DwpfOD;NzpfaMumif;udkvnf;
tcdkiftrmNyo&ma&mufaponfh ½kyf0g' tNrifNzifh t&[wå"ZouFef;awmfudk rdef;rxrDESifh vnf;aumif;?
oHk;avmuxG#fxm; oAÁñkNrwfpGmbk&m;\ qHawmf "mwfNrwfudk Nrif;NrD;ESifh vnf;aumif; ,kwf,kwfrmrm
cdkif;EIdif;NyD; ouFef;ESifh qHawmfudk xrDESifh Nrif;NrD;avmufrQ toHk;rusonfh b0odkU a&mufatmif
½S,fzG,fvdvd a&;om;xkwfa0aom t½SufrJhtvZDÆ0g'½Sdol NzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;/
13/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf uH? uH\ tusdK;udk taNccHonfh tm;avsmfpGm bk&m;ç w&m;ç
oHCmç q&m rdb wdkUtm; ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfNcif; *kPfawmfyGm;rsm;Ncif;paom trIwdkUudk ukodkvf&aom

tpodkU
tvkyfrsm;tNzpf owfrSwfí tm;ay;aom 0g' NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkYonf ½kyf0g'Drsm;yDyD

½kyfrsufvHk;Nzifh ukodkvf&onfqdkonfudk rNrif&aomaMumifh vufrcHbJ Ak'¨bmomwdkU\
"avhaumif;Nzpfaom bk&m;½Sdcdk;Ncif;? qDrD;ylaZmfNcif;? qGrf;awmfuyfNcif; paom bmom omoema&;
vkyfief;wdkUudk zsufqD;aom 0g'½Sdolrsm; NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
14/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf uH? uH\ tusdK;udk vnf;aumif;? b0 oHo&mrS
xGufaNrmufrIudk vnf;aumif; us,fus,fNyefUNyefU vufcHaom0g' Nzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm aumif;aomzufü
oDvcH,lNcif; ûyvkyfonfh ukodkvftusdK;aMumifh &½SdEdkifonfh tcsufrsm;udk ñTefNyaNymMum;Ncif;[k
qdktyfaom qkay;Ncif;? ukodkvf½Sif\ qEŃyif;NyrIudk NrGufqdkaom qkawmif;Ncif;? vlaoaomtcg
aool½Sifol ESpfOD;vHk;twGuf tusdK;½SdEdkifaom oydwfoGwfNcif; paom trIwdkUudk ukodkvfaumif;rItNzpf
owfrSwfí tm;ay;aom 0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh or®m'd|dokawoDqdkolwdkUonf xdktrIudpöwdkUudk ½kyf0g'
tNrifNzifh oHk;oyfí ukodkvfaumif;rIqdkif&m omoemrI"avhaumif;wdkUudk y,faom0g'½Sdolrsm;
15/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf t*FkwdåK&fygVdawmf? o'¨r®oar®mookwfü a[mMum;xm;onfh
twdkif; olawmfaumif; w&m;awmfü rawGa0ap&ef olawmfaumif;w&m;awmf ruG,fyap&ef
tu©&myk'fAsnf;wdkUudk aumif;pGmxm;&rnf teufudkvnf; aumif;pGmaqmif&rnf[k ]tu©&m wpfvHk;
bk&m;wpfql} uJhodkU wefzdk;xm;aom 0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ aemufvdkuf½kyf0g'Drsm;\ 0g'onf
ygVdudk tbd"mefwGif azmfNyaom&if;Nrpf teufavmufudkyif rSefrSefr,lbJ ¤if;wdkU\
½kyf0g'taNccHtNrifESifh udkufnDatmif ygVdpum;vHk;rsm;udk xifovdk teufay;MuNyD; omoe"r®
trSefw&m;[lorQudk Oyg'gefyk'fr-wyfum zsufqD;ypf&ef êud;pm;aom omoeypöwd¬u0g'
NzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;/
16/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf vlwdkUü½Sdaom udavom(10)yg;wdkUudk tqifhvdkuf
tqifhvdkuf trSefwu,f tNyD;tNywf y,fowfEdkifolrsdK;udkom t&d,m[k owfrSwfNyD; xdkodkU udavom
y,fowf&mü tqifhvdkuf Nzpfay:aom edAÁKw"mwfudkvnf;aumif;? aemufqHk;wGif
taMumif;wPSmcsKyfNidrf;í? tusdK;½kyfemrf tm;vHk;csKyfNidrf;onfh oEdÅokc trw"mwfudk vnf;aumif;
tppftrSef edAÁmeftNzpf owfrSwfaom 0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh taygif;ygwdkU\0g'onf t&d,mESifh
edAÁmefudk txufyg bk&m;a[m t"dyÜm,frsm;ESifh qefUusifvsuf azmfNyxm;MuoNzifh ax&0g'
yd#uwfawmfESifh rudkufnD rESD;aESmrdaom 0g'NzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;/
17/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf oH*g,em aNcmufwefwif yd#uwfoHk;yHkü yg½Sdaom
"r®puúy0wåeokwftwdkif; opömav;yg;? tNyefoHk;yg;? Ncif;&m q,fhESpfyg;½Sdaom opömvrf;aMumif;udk
azmfNyonfh0g'Nzpfí OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkufwdkUonf þuJhodkU av;eufonfh "r®pMumw&m;awmfMuD;udk

tpodkU
yifvQif t½SufrJh zsufqD;um vlaovlNzpf "r®pMumtNzpf azmfNy0Hhaom omoem aoGznfa&;0g'

½Sdolrsm;NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
18/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf vdrfvnfNcif;? vSnfhywfNcif;? aumufuspfNcif;wdkUudk
tvGefpyfqkyfonfh tm;avsmfpGm pum;rSef w&m;rSef udkom a[mMum;aNymqdkaom opöm0g'NzpfNyD;
OD;Ouú|ESifh wuG OD;udkudkav;? ocifNrwfqdkif? tbd"r®m q&mpdef? or®m'd|dokawoD paom olwdkUonf
¤if;wdkU\ oEÅmefü wnfudef;aeaom ½kyf0g' tNrifNzifh qdkcJhonfh vdrfvnfNcif;? vSnfhNzm;Ncif;?
aumufuspfNcif;wdkUudk tNypf[lí rNrifbJ bk&m;ra[maom ]avmuork',Oö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Oö ewd¬}
[laom vufNzpf ygVdtwkrsdK;udk Ak'¨bk&m;a[mygVdtNzpf aNymifaNymifwif;wif; vdrfvnfvSnfhNzm;
azmfNyNcif;tm;Nzifh bk&m;ra[monfudk ta[mvkyfum omoemawmfü t"du½kPf;rsm;Nzpfatmif
zefwD;aom tzsuform;rsm;om NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
19/ NrwfpGmbk&m;\ 0g'onf bk&m;qkudk awmif;onfrSpí yg&rD q,fyg; tNym;oHk;q,f
pGefYNcif;MuD;ig;yg; p&d,oHk;yg;wdkUudk av;oacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef; umvywfvHk; Nznfhqnf;awmfrlcJhNyD;
aemufqHk;bk&m;Nzpfrnfhb0ü r,fawmf0rf;ü oaE¨,lNcif;? zGm;NrifawmfrlNcif;? awmxGufawmfrlNcif;?
'kuú&p&d,usifhawmfrlNcif;? aAm"dyv’ifü bk&m;NzpfawmfrlNcif;wdkUudk twk,lzG,f tm;uszG,fNzpfatmif
us,fus,fNyefUNyefU Ak'¨0ifudk azmfNyxm;aom 0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh aemufvdkuf ½kyf0g'orm;wdkU\
0g'onf Ak'¨0ifudk ½kyftNrifESihf ,SOfMunfhNyD; rwefr&m rxDav;pm; apmfum;aom ,kwfnHhonfh
0g'&Sdolrsm;om NzpfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;/
20/ NrwfpGmbk&m;ESifhwuG wynfhom;oHCmwdkU\ 0g'onf bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfwdkifa[mcJhaom
ygVdawmfwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? wynfhom;wdkU a[maomfvnf; NrwfpGmbk&m;\ twnfûycsuf&½SdcJhaom
ygVdawmfwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? NrwfpGmbk&m; tusOf;csKyfa[mcJhaom rmwdumudk tus,fcsJUxm;onfh
ygVdawmfwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? Ak'¨0g'ESifh tnD aqG;aEG; a[maNymxm;aom ygVdawmfwdkUudkvnf;aumif;?
omoemYtEÅ&m,f toG,foG,frS umuG,f&ef tvdkUiSm acwftvdkuf oH*g,em aNcmufwefwifí
oefUpifcJhNcif;trIonf tvGefcdkifrmaom omoemhrSwfwdkifMuD;rsm;tNzpf cHxm;aom 0g'NzpfNyD; OD;Ouú|ESifh
aemufvdkufwdkU\ 0g'onf vlrsdK;Ncm; bmomNcm;wdkU\ pmaypnf;½Hk;rIaemufodkU vdkufygum oH*g,em
aNcmufwef\ cdkifrmrIudk ayghysufao;odrfatmif vkyfaomomoemzsuf0g' NzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;/
21/ NrwfpGmbk&m;ESifhwuG wynfhom; oHCmwdkU\ 0g'onf oH*g,em aNcmufwefwif
ygVdawmfrsm;rSm tESpfom&tm;Nzifh rnfonfhbmom t,l0g'ESifhrQ a&m,SufNcif;r½Sd? Ak'¨0g'ppfppfudkom
azmfNyaom ygVdawmfrsm;tNzpf oiftHavhusuf pdppfoHk;oyf usifhMuHcsufrsm;Nzifh twnfûyNyD;
vufcHxm;aom 0g'Nzpfí OD;Ouú|ESifh ¤if;\ aemufvdkufwdkU\ 0g'onf rdrdwdkU\ ½kyf0g'tNrifESifh
rudkufnDaom ygVdawmfrsm;udk bk&m;a[mr[kwf [lívnf;aumif;? [dE´LNA[®®P0g'awG [lí vnf;aumif;
orkwfNyD; bmom omoemudk ½dk;om;pGm usifhMuHtm;xkwfvsuf½Sdaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; tNrifrSm;

tpodkU
txifrSm;Nzpfatmif vSnfhNzm;vdrfvnfNyD; bk&m;a[mygVdawmfrsm;udk ûzwfxkwfowfaom0g'

,if; vlaovlNzpf0g'gEk0g' (vlaovlNzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? ¤if;\ aemufvdkufNzpfaom ocifNrwfqdkif?
or®m'd|dokawoD polwdkU\ 0g')onf ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfvm omoe"r® tm*r,kwdårsm;ESifh
vnf;aumif;? av;eufus,fNyefUaom obm0,kwdårsm;ESifh vnf;aumif; ravsmfuefatmif
azmufNyef,Gif;uGuf qefUusifbufNzpfaom t"r®0g'omNzpfonf[k EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU
trSwf(2) 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;tm;vHk;u wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;NzwfawmfrlMuonf/
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2) ½Hk;awmfodkU oufaocH wifNyaom vlaovlNzpf
0g'gEk0g'qdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf; pmapmif wdwfacGrsmESSifh wuG þ½Hk;awmfodkU oufaocHypönf;tNzpf
a&mufrvmaom xdk0g'qdkif&m pmtkyf pmwrf; pmapmif wdwfacGESifh ausmufpm ponfü yg½Sdaom
a&;om;csufrsm;onfvnf; ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfvm omoe"r®ESifhqefUusifbufrsm;Nzpfí xdkpmtkyf
pmwrf; pmapmif wdwfacG ausmufpm ponfwdkUonf t"r®0g'udk azmfNy&m NzpfaomaMumifh
t"r®ypönf;rsm;NzpfaMumif; EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2) 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;tm;vHk;u
wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;NzwfawmfrlMuonf/
xdkvlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' (vlaovlNzpf0g'? or®m'd|dokawoDwdkU\ 0g'ponf)udk
a&;om;a[maNym NzefUa0Muaom ouFef;0wfESifh vl0wfaMumifwdkUonf vnf;aumif;? xdkvlaovlNzpf
0g'gEk0g'udk vdkufemí ûyvkyfMuaom ouFef;0wfESifh vl0wfaMumifwdkUonf vnf;aumif;? xdkvlaovlNzpf
0g'gEk0g'udk vdkvm;ESpfoufpGm axmufcHtm;ay;Muol ouFef;0wfESifh vl0wfaMumifwdkUonfvnf;aumif;
t"r®0g'DwdkUom NzpfMuukef\ [lí EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2) 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;
tm;vHk;u wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;NzwfawmfrlMuonf/


tpodkU
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfMuD;rsm;

pOf bGJUawmfESifh ausmif;wdkuf vufrSwf
1/ b'ÉÅaCmodwmbd0Ho
(obmywd)
aCmodwm&mrausmif;wdkuf?
xm;0,fûrdU/
2/ b'ÉÅ Z0embd0Ho(tzGJU0if)
Z0embd0Hom½Hkausmif;wdkuf
êudUyifaumufûrdU/
3/ b'ÉÅ"r®mbd0& (tzGJU0if)
uHwGif;qkawmif;Nynfhausmif;?
NynfûrdU/
4/ b'ÉÅ ukrm& (tzGJU0if)

r[m0dokwm&mrwdkuf? rauG;ûrdU/
5/ b'ÉÅ Úmedu (tzGJU0if)

yaZÆmwm½Hkausmif;wdkuf?
aNrmif;NrûrdU
aeUpGJ? 1341-ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef; vqef; (2) &uf/

1981-ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (29)&uf/
Mumoyaw;aeU/

tpodkU
vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, csrSwfNyD;aemuf

EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf (2)
obmywd q&mawmf bk&m;MuD;u
pk'dwuwdkUtm; rdefUMum;awmfrlaom Mo0g'uxm

awmifwGif;MuD;ûrdU? ewfrSDawm& OD;Ouú|\ vlaovlNzpf0g'ESifh xdk0g'rS
qufEG,fay:aygufvmonfh (twkvdkuf) tEk0g'rsm;\ "r® t"r® tNzpfudk pdppfqHk;Nzwf&ef EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,utzGJU\ wm0efay;csuft& EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2) 0denf;"dk&f
q&mawmfrsm;u wdrf;apmif;rSm;,Gif;Ncif; r½Sd&atmif av;vcefUrQ tcsdef,lNyD; apm'em aom"em 2-&yfESifh
yd#uwfoHk;oG,f edum,fig;Nzm ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dum*E¦E¦& t00wdkUudk useaphpyf oHk;oyfa0zefum
u½kPmw&m; a½SUxm;vsuf t*wdav;yg; rvdkufpm;bJ cdkifNrJxufoefonfh 0D&d, owd orm"d
ynmwdkUNzifh tzefzef EIdif;csdefNyD;rS Ak'ömoemEG,f0if ynm½Siftrsm; vufcHEdkifavmufonfh
y&dok'¨ y&dykPÖ 0dedpä,udk csrSwfawmfrlcJhMuygw,f/
0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;u rnfrQyif ,xm"r® w&m;vrf;rSefatmif qHk;NzwfcsufcsMuygaomfvJ
ykxkZOfrsm; NzpfMuonfhtavsmuf pdwfxm;Ekol tcsdKU tcsdKU yk*d¾Kvfrsm;u rdrdwdkU NzpfapcsifwJhtwdkif;
rNzpfvmwJhtcg rausreyfNzpfwwfMuygw,f? tJ'Dvdk NzpfNcif;[mvJ ykxkZOfwdkU&JU oabmxHwGm
"r®wmygyJ/
ykxkZOfrsm; vdkufemûyusifh&ef cJ,Of;wJh cJMuD; 5-&yf ½Sdygw,f? tJ'D cJMuD; 5-&yf u
bmawGvJqdkawmh -
(1) þum; trSm; þum; trSefvdkU a0zefpdppf&ef cJ,Of;w,f? a0zefpdppfrI rûybJ trSwfwrJhyJ
aewwfMuw,f/
(2) trSm; trSefudk a0zefpdppfNyefawmhvJ þum; trSm; þum; trSefvdkU rdrdÚmPfNzifh odEdkif&ef
cJ,Of;w,f/
(3) trSm; trSefudk odNyefawmhvJ trSm;udk trSm;vdkU xkwfazmfaNymqdk&ef cJ,Of;w,f? rkef;rSm
aMumufvdkU EIwfydwfa&iHkvkyfaewwfw,f/
(4) rdrd t,lrSm;aevQifvJ udk,fhtrSm;udk ukd,f0efcH&ef cJ,Of;w,f? rSm;ygw,fvdkU 0efcH&rSmudk
½SufaMumufaewwfw,f/
(5) udk,fhtrSm;udk rSm;ygw,fvdkU 0efcHapumrl trSm;udk y,fvSefNyD; trSefudk usifhMuHvdkufemzdkU
cJ,Of;w,f? vlMum;aumif;½Hkavmuf 0efcHNyD; trSm;udk ry,fvSef trSefudk rvdkufembJ
aewwfMuw,f/

tpodkU
'gaMumifh NrwfpGmbk&m;u ykxkZOfawG[m ]oE´d|dy&mrmoD} rdrd t,lom trSef[k

azmufNyefrSm;,Gif;pGm oHk;oyfwwfMuw,f? ]tm"me*¾g[D} NrJNrHpGm,lavh&SdMuw,f? ]'kyÜ#dedó*D¾}
pGefUvTwfEdkifcJMuw,f (pGefUvTwfzdkU&ef cJ,Of;aewwfMuw,f)vdkU a[mawmfrlcJhygw,f? tJ'Dvdk trSm;udk
oHk;oyfNyD; rpGefUvTwfEdkifbJ NrJNrHpGm ,laewwfoludk t,lonf;olvdkU ac:ygw,f/
a, twåaem OyÜEHé 'd|ð £'ar0 opöEdÅ 'VSH *PdSwGm tyd Ak'¨g'D[d um&PH 'aówGm
0kpörmem e y#dedóZÆEdÅ (r?|?1?194/)
t,lonf;wJholrsm;[m olwdkU,lrdwJh t,ludk rpGefUvTwfawmhbJ ZGwfrSdwfNyD; twif;qkyfudkif
xm;wwfMuw,f? bk&m;tp&SdwJh ynm½Sdolawmfaumif;wdkUu taMumif;NyNyD; a[maNymayrJh rpGefUvTwfbJ
,lNrJ,laewwfMuw,f/
tJ'D t,lonf;rI[m avmua&;&mbufuvnf; t,lonf;rIvnf;½Sdw,f? tusifhw&m;bufu
t,lonf;wmvJ ½Sdw,f? avmua&;&mbufu t,lonf;wmuawmh o*¾EÅ&m,f - r*¾EÅ&m,f
rNzpfwJhtwGuf odyfta&;rMuD;vSbl; (Oyrm) aNrMuD; Nrif;rdk&fawmif aeç vç eu©wf wnfaeyHk
ponfwdkUESifh ywfowfwJh t,ltquGJvGJrIrsdK;awGygyJ? 'gawGu oDv tusifh? orm"d tusifh? ynm
tusifhwdkUESifh rqdkifwJhtwGuf ta&;rMuD;vSygbl;/
tusifhw&m;ESifh ywfowfNyD; tvGJtrSm;udk trSefxifum rpGefUvTwfatmif t,lonf;aevQifawmh
r*¾EÅ&m,f NzpfEdkifw,f? tJ'D t,lonf;rIu tvGefta&;MuD;w,f? 'D 0dedpä,pmwrf;rSm azmfNyxm;wJh
tvª\ tusdK;r½Sd paom 'o0w¬Ku rdpäm'd|d qdkwJh t,lawGudk rpGefUvTwfEdkifbJ NrJNrHpGm
t,lonf;aevQif o*¾EÅ&m,f r*¾EÅ&m,f 2-rsdK;vnf; NzpfEdkifw,f/ 'Dvdk t,lonf;aevQif bk&m;½Sif\
tqHk;trawmfudk vdkufem&m ra&mufawmhbl;? bk&m;½Sif\ tqHk;trawmfudk rvdkufemvQif-
a,e um[EdÅ Mo0g'H? e&m Aka'ë a'odwH/
AsoeaEÅ *rdóEdÅ? &u©oD[d0 0gPdZm/ (Zm? 1? 51)
þbk&m;a[m a'oemESifh tnD qHk;½HI;ysufpD;Ncif;odkU a&mufMu&vdrfhrnf? 'ghaMumifh o*¾EÅ&m,f?
r*¾EÅ&m,f rNzpfMu&avatmif qHk;½HI;ysufpD;Ncif;odkU ra&mufMu&avatmif 'DqHk;Nzwfcsuf
0dedpä,pmwrf;udk oabmaygufem;vnf&ef a,medaom reodum&Nzifh ususee aoaocsmcsm
oHk;oyfMuapvdkw,f? rdrdwdkU ÚmPfrrDSwJh t&m|mersm;udkvnf; ynm½Sdq&mawmf oHCmawmfrsm;xH
ar;Nref;NyD; odem;vnf&ef êud;pm;Muapvdkw,f? tJ'Dvdk oabmaygufem;vnfum EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,u tzGJU\ a&SUarSmufrSm vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD; t"r®0g't,lonf;rI[lorQawGudk
pGefUvTwfvdkufMuapvdkw,f? pGefUvTwfNyD;wJhaemufvJ rSefuefonfh w&m;enf;vrf;twdkif; usifhMuHêud;ukwf
tm;xkwfapvdkw,f/
tyHÜ0w ZD0dwH £'H? Mo&H0óowmyd rd,swd/ okwÅefedygwf Z&mokwfESifhtnD vlwdkU&JU
touf[m tvGefwdkawmif;vSygw,f? 'Dvdk wdkawmif;vSwJh tcsdefumv twGif;rSm trSm;rSm;

tpodkU
t,Gif;,Gif;eJU aooGm;MuvQif rdrdwdkU&JU tzdk;wefb0MuD;[m bmrQ tusdK;rNyD;bJ tcsnf;ESD;

NzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf? ,ckvdk tcsdef½Sdcdkufu rûyNyifrdvQif ao&m anmifapmif; avsmif;tdyf&m uswJh
tcgusawmh aemifwMuD;pGm&aewwfygw,f? 'gaMumifh tcsdefrD ûyNyifMu&ef wdkufwGef;ygw,f/
trSm;udk trSm;rSef;odvdkU ûyNyifwm[m tvGefynm½Sd olawmfaumif;yDoygw,f? NrwfpGmbk&m;\
wynfhom;aumif;rsm;yDyD NrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqHk;trawmfudk vdkufem&mvJ a&mufygw,f? NrwfpGmbk&m;\
tqHk;trawmfudk vdkufemMuvQif-
a, p um[EdÅ Mo0g'H? e&m Aka'ë a'odwH/
aomw¬ð yg&H *rdóEdÅ? 0vma[e0 0gPdZm/ (Zm? 1? 51)
þbk&m;a[m a'oemawmfESifhtnD csrf;csrf;omomNzifh oHo&m [dkbufurf;NzpfwJh
edAÁmefeef;odkU aNzmifhaNzmifhwef;wef;MuD; a&muf&ayvdrfhr,f/
'ghaMumifh Ak'ömoemhEG,f0if olawmfpifwdkU\ &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifNzpfwJh edAÁmefeef;odkU
aNzmifhwef;pGm a&mufMu&avatmif-
]]ya& oEd´|dy&mrmoD tm"me*¾g[D 'kyÜ#dedó*D¾ b0dóEdÅ? r,arw¬ toEd´|dy&mrmoD
tem"me*¾g[D okyÜ#dedó*D¾ b0dómrmwd oav’acg u&PDa,m/}}
þ rlvyPÖoygVdawmf a'oemESifhtnD ]]tNcm;olawGu udk,fht,ludkom trSefxm;NyD;
rSm;,Gif;pGmoHk;oyfvsuf rpGefUvTwfEdkifbJ NrJNrHpGm ,laeayrJh olrsm;awG rSm;,Gif;pGmoHk;oyfNyD;
t,lonf;aeMurnfh t&mrSm igwdkUuawmh t,lronf;bJ pGefUvTwfvdkufMur,f}} vdkU t"d|mefûyNyD;
udavomacgif;yg;apEdkifwJh oav’c tusifhw&m;rSefudk usifhMuHyGm;rsm; tm;xkwfMuygvdkU arwåm u½kPm
a½SUxm;NyD; Mo0g'pum; rdefUMum;vdkufygw,f/

tpodkU
0dedpä, csrSwfNyD;aemuf pk'dwursm;tm; a½SUqufvufí rnfodkU

aexdkifusifhNyD; vkyfaqmif&rnfh taMumif;udk
ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf\ ½Sif;vif;aNymMum;csuf
oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2)rS obmywd xm;0,fûrdU aCmodwm½Hk q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;udk
trª;xm;í 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;? apm'uq&mawmfrsm;? pk'dwu q&mawmfrsm;ESifh
MuGa&mufvmMuaom 0dedpä, w&m;emy&dowfrsm; odatmif tenf;i,f avQmufxm;vdkygonf?
cGifhûyawmfrlygbk&m;/
,ck tcsdefrSmqdkvQif EdkifiHawmfu Ny|mef;xm;wJh 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf; rIcif; aNz½Sif;a&;qdkif&m
Oya' yk'fr(3)t& "r® t"r®trI tNiif;yGm;rIeJU ywfowfNyD;awmh EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJUrS
zGJUpnf;ay;xm;aom EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2)\ tqHk;tNzwf udpö NyD;qHk;ygNyD?
'DqHk;NzwfcsufESifh ywfowfNyD;awmh a½SUvkyf&rnfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk ,ck avQmufxm;ygr,f? 0dedpä,
Oya' yk'fr (13) rSm yg½SdwJhtwdkif; EdkifiHawmf 0dedpä,tzGJU tqHk;tNzwfrsm;udk NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;
0efMuD;|meu vdktyfovdk qufvuf ta&;,l aqmif½Guf&rnf qdkaom Oya'yk'fr t& wynfhawmf
avQmufxm;Ncif;Nzpfygw,f/
q&mawmfrsm; ,ck qHk;NzwfNyD;wJhtcgrSm 0dedpä,Oya't& q&mawmfrsm;\ tqHk;tNzwfudk
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU a½SUarSmufrSm ay;tyf&ef½Sdygw,f? tJvdk ay;tyfwJhtcg EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,utzGJU taeeJU 'DtqHk;tNzwfudk NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efMuD;|meudk ydkUygr,f?
NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efMuD;|me taeeJU oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2)u qHk;Nzwfxm;aom
qHk;Nzwfcsufrsm;twdkif; wpfEdkifiHvHk;rSm½SdwJh EdkifiHawmfol EdkifiHawmfom;tm;vHk; vdkufemaqmif½GufzdkUqdkNyD;
trdefUxkwfygw,f/
Oyrm EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2) qHk;NzwfcsufrSm ]]'Dw&m;onf t"r®®0g' NzpfwJh
twGuf a[maNymNcif;rûy&? pmtkyf pmwrf; ½dkufESdyfNzefUa0Ncif; rûy&? toHoGif; uufqufacGrsm;
NzefUa0Ncif;rûy&}} vdkU yg½Sdygw,f? tJ'Dvdk yg½SdwJhtwdkif; tm;vHk; vdkufemNyD;awmh aqmif½GufzdkU
trdefUxkwfygw,f? ,cifu ausmufoabFm0g'wkef;uvnf; 'DvdkyJ trdefUxkwfcJhygw,f? 'gEdkifiHawmfu
csrSwfwJh Oya'ESifhtnD wynfhawmfwdkU NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efMuD;|me taeNzifh aqmif½GufrJh
tydkif;udk avQmufxm;Ncif; Nzpfygw,f/
'DudpörSm wdkuf½dkufywfowf têuH;0ifaewJh pk'dwu &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh vlyk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk
avQmufxm;aNymMum;&ef ½Sdygw,f? txl;oNzifh pk'dwu &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh ywfowfwJh taMumif;udk
avQmufxm;ygr,f? &[ef;awmfrsm; odwJhtwdkif;yJ EdkifiHawmfrSm *dkPf;aygif;pHk oHCr[mem,u
tzGJUMuD;u twnfûyNy|mef;xm;wJh EdkifiHawmf oHCmh tzGJUtpnf; taNccHpnf;rsnf;qkdwm ½Sdygw,f? tJ'D
pnf;rsnf;t& *dkPf;aygif;pHk oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;u twnfûy Ny|mef;xm;wJh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;vJ

tpodkU
½Sdygw,f? tJ'D pnf;rsnf; tJ'D vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;t&qdkvQif q&mawmfrsm;onf tu,fí

oHCtzGJUtpnf;wGif aexdkifvdkygu oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;&JU qHk;Nzwfcsufudk waoGrwdrf;
vdkufemNyD;awmh rSm;,Gif;aeaom t,l0g'udk pGefUvTwfygr,fvdkU EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u
q&mawmfrsm;\ a½SUarSmufrSm rdrdtrSm;udk 0efcsawmif;yefNyD; uwdûyr,fqdkvQif oHCtzGJUtpnf;xJrSm
qufvufNyD;awmh yg0ifEdkifcGifhudk EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUu oem;oufn§mpGm pOf;pm;rnf
Nzpfygw,f/
tJ'Dvdk rûyvkyfvQif q&mawmfrsm;taeeJU oHCmhtzGJYtpnf;xJrSm yg0ifEdkifcGifhr½Sdawmhygbl;?
'DtcGifhta&;rSm q&mawmfwdkUtzdkU qHk;½HI;rnfNzpfygw,f? oHCmhtzGJUtpnf; taNccH pnf;rsnf; t&
*dkPf;wpfyg;yg;rSm NzpfNzpf yg0if&rnf? oHCmhtzGJYtpnf; tqifhqifh tkyfcsKyfrIatmufrSm NzpfNzpf ½Sd&rnf?
rdrdbmom oD;Ncm;uif;vGwfNyD; aeEdkifcGifh r0½Sdygbl;? q&mawmfrsm;onf oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;wGif
yg0ifEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJU a½SUarSmufrSm rdrdwdkU trSm;udk
0efcsawmif;yefNyD;awmh qufvufaecGifhûyzdkU avQmufxm;awmif;yef&ef tpDtpOfrsm;udkvnf;
wynfhawmfrsm;u aqmif½Gufay;ygr,f? tJvdk aqmif½Gufwmudk pk'dwu q&mawmfrsm;u
oabmaygufNyD;awmh vdkufemMuvdrfhrnfvdkY wynfhawmfrsm;u arQmfvifhxm;Muygw,f/
pk'dwu vlyk*d¾Kvfrsm;udkvJ arwåm&yfcHcsifwm&Sdygw,f? bmvJqdk&if 0dedpä,rcsrSwfrDrSma&m
csrSwfonfh ae&mrSma&m uGsefawmf 'Dudpöudk ½Sif;NyNyD;Nzpfygw,f? 'gu EdkifiHawmfu vkyfxm;wJh
Oya'NzpfwJhtwGuf 'Dw&m;½Hk;onfvnf; EdkifiHawmf\ w&m;½Hk;awmf Nzpfygw,f? EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,u tzGJUtpnf;rSmqdk&ifvJ tNrifhqHk;aomw&m;½Hk;vnf; Nzpfygw,f? EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;
0denf;"dk&f tzGJUrSm yg0ifwJh 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;qdk&ifvnf; A[dk0efaqmif oHCmawmf tyg;(300)
xJrS oHCr[mem,utzGJUu 'D 0denf;"dk&f5-yg;udk oD;Ncm; a½G;xkwfNyD;awmh zGJUpnf;ay;xm;wJh tNrifhqHk;
w&m;½Hk;vJ Nzpfygw,f/
aoaocsmcsm av;av;pm;pm; pOf;pm;r,fqdk&if NyD;cJhwJh 1342-ckESpfwkef;u ArmNynfrSm½SdwJh
oHCmwpfodef;ausmf&JU or®Kwdu qEáy;vdkufwJh or®Kwdu oHCmhudk,fpm;vS,f wpfaxmifwdkU
r[mygomP vdkPf*lawmfMuD;rSm EdkifiHawmf A[dk0efaqmif oHCm (300)udk a½G;cs,fcJhygw,f?
tJ'Da½G;cs,fwJh EdkifiHawmf A[dk0efaqmif(300)onf wpfEdkifiHvHk;½Sd oHCmwpfodef;ausmfwdkU\ qE´rJNzifh
wifaNr§mufxm;aomaMumifh ,aeU csrSwfonfh 0dedpä, qHk;Nzwfcsufonfvnf; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf 5-
yg;u csrSwfaom 0dedpä,[kom rqdkomrlí oHCmwpfodef;ausmfwdkUu csrSwfvdkufwJh 0dedpä,yJvdkU
oabmaygufapcsifygw,f? 'D 0dedpä,udk 'dkUwawG rvGJraoG vkdufemoifhwJh 0dedpä,yJvdkU
cH,lapcsifygw,f? Oya't&vJ vdkufem&rJY 0wå&m;½Sdygw,f? rvdkufemvQif EdkifiHawmfudk qefUusifwJh
oabmvJ Nzpfygw,f? Oya't& zGJUpnf;xm;wJh EdkifiHawmf 0denf;"dk&f tzGJUu csrSwfxm;wJh 0dedpä,udk
rvdkufemNcif;onfvnf; oHCmwpfodef;ausmfwdkUudk qefUusif&mvJ a&mufygw,f/

tpodkU
0denf; "r®uH t"du½kPf; rIcif;rsm; aNz&Sif;a&;qdkif&m 0dedpä, Oya'u NypfrIqdkif&m Oya'ESifh

rwlygbl;? 0denf; "r®uH udpöonf NrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;awmfESifh qufpyfwJh udpö NzpfwJhtwGuf at;csrf;wJh
oabm½Sdygw,f? Nzpfay:vmwJh t"du½kPf;udk aNyNidrf;atmif enf;vrf;½SmNyD; trSefw&m;udk ½SmazGwJh
udpöNzpfygw,f? NypfrIqdkif&m Oya'rSmawmh rdrd usL;vGefxm;wJh NypfrIeJU ywfowfNyD;awmh
txdkuftavsmuf tNypfcH&rJh oabm½Sdygw,f? 'DrSmawmh NrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;awmfESifh ywfowfNyD; rdrd
trSm;udk rSm;aMumif; 0efcs awmif;yefvdkU½SdvQif 'DtrSm;u aNyaysmufNyD;awmh aemiftusdK;twGufvJ
ukodkvfw&m;yGm;&myGm;aMumif; Nzpfw,fvdkU obmywdq&mawmfu rdefUMum;NyD;Nzpfygw,f/
tJ'gaMumifh pk'dwu vlyk*d¾Kvfrsm;twGufvJ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU a½SUarSmufrSm
Mo0g'udk cH,lNyD;awmh NzpfyGm;cJhwJh udpöeJU ywfowfNyD; 'DtrSm;udk 0efcHNyD;awmh a½SUudk NrwfpGmbk&m;
omoempuf&dyfatmufrSm tusdK;½Sd½SdaeEdkifatmif uGsefawmfwdkU pDpOfxm;ygw,f? tJ'D tpDtpOftwdkif;
ZrÁK'Dyausmif;aqmifrSmoGm;NyD; EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2) q&mawmfMuD;rsm;uvJ 0dedpä,
pmrludk ay;tyfygr,f? usefwJh apm'u yk*d¾KvfawGa&m pk'dwu yk*d¾KvfawGa&m EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u
q&mawmfMuD;rsm;\ Mo0g'udk cH,lNyD;awmh at;at;csrf;csrf;eJU NrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmftwdkif;
uGsefawmfwdkU tm;vHk; ukodkvfw&m;udk ½SmMuHEdkifatmif tpDtpOfvkyfxm;aMumif; aNymMum;tyfygw,f/


tpodkU
1343- ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 2-&uf

1981-ck? atmufwdkbmv 29-&ufaeUwGif &efukefûrdU?
urÇmat;ukef;aNr? ZrÁK'Dy ausmif;aqmifü usif;yûyvkyftyfaom
t"r®0g'pGefUvTwfyGJ
tcrf;tem;tpDtpOfrsm;
1/ vlaovlNzpf0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wdkUESifh pyfvsOf;í EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;
0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2) obmywd q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;u oHCr[mem,u q&mawmfrsm;udk
½Sif;vif;avQmufxm;&ef?
2/ obmywdq&mawmfbk&m;MuD;u vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, pmrludk EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,u tzGJU tvSnfhus Ouú| Am&mPoDq&mawmfbk&m;MuD;xH tyfESH&ef?
3/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU tvSnfhus Ouú| q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;u "r®t"r®
0d0g'g"du½kPf; aNyNidrf;atmif aqmif½GufyHkESifh pyfvsOf;í Mo0g' pum;udk rdefUMum;&ef?
4/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU tusKd;awmfaqmif q&mawmf OD;crm0k" u 0dedpä, tusOf;csKyf
oHk;oyfcsufudk rdefUMum;NyD; pk'dwu yk*d¾Kvfrsm; ESvHk;oGif;zG,f Mo0g'rdefUMum;&ef?
5/ 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm;\ qHk;Nzwfcsufudk pk'dwu tm;vHk;wdkUu oHCr[mem,u
q&mawmfMuD;rsm;\ a½SUarSmufwGif þt"r®0g'udk pGefUvTwfaMumif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;&ef?
6/ tusKd;awmfaqmifq&mawmfu t"r®0g'udk pGefUvTwfNyD;aom q&mawmf 4-yg;wdkUudk
oHCmhtzGJYtpnf;wGif yg0ifa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í a½SUqufvufaqmif½Guf&rnfh tpDtpOfudk
rdefUMum;&ef?
7/ oufqdkif&m Nynfe,f wdkif; ûrdUe,frsm;rS vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g'wdkUESifh pyfvsOf;NyD;
avmuaMumif;t& vnf;aumif;? "r®aMumif;t& vnf;aumif; tNypf½Sdolrsm;taeESifh
rdrdwdkU\0g'rsm;udk trSm;0efcHí pGefUvTwfMu&eftwGuf ûrdUe,foHCem,ursm;xHodkU qufvufNyD;
ñTefMum;rnfhtaMumif; tusKd;awmfaqmif q&mawmfu rdefUMum;&ef/
tcrf;tem;rª;tNzpf ñTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf OD;MunfñGefY aqmif½Gufonf/


tpodkU
0dedpä,pmrludk EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u\ vufodkU tyfeSH&mü

oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)
obmywd q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;\ ½Sif;vif; avQmufxm;vTm
&ufpGJ/ 1343-ck? wefaqmifrkef; vqef; 2- &uf/

1981-ck? atmufwdkbmv 29-&uf(Mumoyaw;aeU)
odkU/
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU?
ZrÁK'Dyausmif;aqmif?
urÇmat;ukef;aNr? &efukefûrdU/
taMumif;t&m/ /EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(2)\ "r® t"r® rIcif; trSwf(2)
qHk;Nzwfcsufudk qufuyfNcif; udpöyg bk&m; -
&nfñTef;csuf/ /1343-ck? e,kefvqkwf 9-&uf ? 1981-ck? ZGefv 26-&uf aeUpGJyg EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,utzGJUrS a½G;cs,fonfh EdkifiHawmf A[dk oHCmh0efaqmif
q&mawmfrsm;om yg0ifaom oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2) zGJUpnf;Ncif;
trdefUpmudk &nfñTef;ygonf/
½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJU0if q&mawmfrsm; bk&m;-
txufazmfNyyg trdefUt& vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; tydk'f 25-26-35 wdkUESifhtnD obmywd q&mawmf
a½G;cs,fNyD;vQif yHkpH 5-Nzifh apm'u pk'dwu q&mawmfrsm;ESifh pk'dwu vlyk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk qifhac:í 1343-
ck? e,kef vqkwf 13-&uf ? 1981-ck ? ZGefv(30) &ufaeU? eHeuf 8-em&D tcsdefrS pí &efukefûrdU?
urÇmat;ukef;aNr? ty&a*g,me ausmif;aqmif txufxyf oD;Ncm; 0dedpä, ½Hk;cef;ü
apm'uq&mawmfrsm;\ yxr wifoGif;aom apm'emudk Mum;emcJhMuygonf bk&m;? 1343-ck
0gqdkvqef;(3)&uf? 1981-ck? Zlvdkifv 4-&ufaeU eHeuf 8-em&D tcsdefrSpí apm'emq&mawmfrsm;
aemufqHk;wifoGif;aom 0daoo apm'emudk Mum;emcJhMuygonf bk&m;/
1343-ck 0gqdkvqef;(7)&uf (8)&uf? 1981-ckESpf? Zlvdkifv(8)&uf (9)&ufaeUrsm;wGif eHeuf (8)
em&DrS pí pk'dwu yk*d¾KvfwdkU wifoGif;aom aom"emacsyvTmrsm;udk Mum;emcJhMuygonf bk&m;? apm'u
pk'dwu yk*d¾KvfwdkU wifoGif;vTmrsm;udk pmrlNzifh wifoGif;apcJhygonf? ,if;apm'em aom"em
pmrlrsm;ESifhwuG oufaocHtNzpf wifNyxm;aom vlaovlNzpf0g'? or®m'd|d0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g'qdkif&m
pmtkyf pmwrf; wdwfacG "mwfyHkrsm;udk 1343-ck? 0gqdkvqef; (8)&ufaeUnaerSpí aeUpOf aeUwdkif;

tpodkU
Munfh½Iem;axmif oHk;oyfMuvsuf *E¦E¦&rsm; tygt0ifqdkif&m yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifh nd§EdIif;wdkufqdkifí

þ0dedpä, pmwrf;udk a&;om;cJhMuygonf/
,if;odkU a&;om;MuNyD;aemuf 1343-ck? oDwif;uRwf vNynfhausmf 11-&uf? 12-&uf? 13-&uf?
14-&ufESifh wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 1-&uf? 2-&uf aeUwdkUü 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; tpHktnD
MuGa&mufawmfrlMuí apm'u pk'dwuwdkU\ a½SUarSmufü þqHk;Nzwfudk zwfMum;csrSwfcJhMuygonf bk&m;?
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2)\ qHk;Nzwfcsuf 0dedpä, pmwrf; pmrludk ,ck pmESifhtwl yl;wGJ
qufuyfygonf bk&m;/
EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf (2) q&mawmfrsm;

1/ b'ÉÅaCmodwmbd0Ho aCmodwm½Hkausmif;wdkuf? xm;0,fûrdU/
2/b'ÉÅZ0embd0Ho Z0embd0Hom½Hkausmif;wdkuf? êudUyifaumufûrdU/
3/b'ÉÅ"r®mbd0& uefwGif;qkawmif;Nynfhausmif;? NynfûrdU/
4/b'ÉÅukrm& r[m0dokwm&mrwdkuf? rauG;ûrdU/
5/b'ÉÅÚmedu yaZÆmwm½Hkausmif;wdkuf? aNrmif;NrûrdU/


tpodkU
vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä, tyfESHyGJü EdkifiHawmf

oHCr[mem,u tvSnfhus tzGJUcGJOuú|
Am&mPoDq&mawmf\ Mo0g'uxm
1/ omoem0if &mZ0ifawGudk ½Snfvsm;pGm raNymawmhbJ ]atmifausmfcsrf;at; rEÅav;}
qdkwJh aqmifyk'ft& aumZmouú&mZf 1221-ckESpfwGif rEÅav;ûrdUawmfudk wnfaxmifawmfrlí olrwlatmif
omoemûyoGm;onfh rif;wkef;bk&ifonf Ak'¨NrwfpGmomoemawmfMuD;\ wdk;wufpnfyifa&;udk a½S;½Ií
tvGef omoemûyawmfrlonf? ausmif;wdkufMuD;aygif; aNrmufrsm;pGm wnfaqmufí wHqdyfawmf& r&
q&mawmfrsm;tm; vpOfqGrf;qefawmfrsm; axmufyHhvª'gef;avonf? &[ef; 0denf; odu©myk'f
rysufNym;ap&eftwGuf r[m'gef0ifrsm; cefUxm;awmfrlvsuf tbufbufrS rvdk&atmif
aqmif½Gufawmfrlonf? ygVdawmf yd#uusrf;pmrsm;udk ausmufNzLNym;ü a&;oGif;apí aovu©&m½kVS yOör
oH*g,em 'g,umcH,lawmfrloGm;avonf/
2/ odkUuavmuf omoemawmfxGef;um;aeonfhtcsdefrSmyif "mwfq&mOD;ydkonf omoem
5000-udpöESifh pyfvsOf;NyD; rQwaom trsm;0g'udk qefUusifvsuf &wemoHk;yg;udk apmfum;cJhonf?
xdktcg omoemûy rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD;u iydkudk ac:,l udk,fwdkif ppfar;NyD; orme0g' rQwnDñGwfaom
t,ludk,lzdkUESifh trsm;udk rykwfcwfzdkU azsmif;zsawmfrlcJhonf? odkUaomf OD;ydkonf w,loef t,lonf;
acgif;rmol Nzpfí ol\ t,ludk rpGefUonfhtwGuf uGufrsufcHcJh&avonf? þudpöwGif OD;ydkonf
owdåaNymifaom ol&Jaumif; rNzpfbJ wyifa½TxD;rif;vufxufu vufrxdyfü tyf½dkuf vla½G;yGJwGif
ta½G;rcH&í ½Suf&rf;&rf;NyD; rdrdAdkufudkcGJ tlxkwfNyD; taocHoGm;aom Avrif;xifuJhodkU rdkuf½l;&Jol
wpfOD;tNzpfom tzwfwifcJhavonf/
3/ xdkUaemuf om;awmf oDaygrif;vufxuf 1347-ckESpfwGif xD;usdK;pnfaygufí
NrefrmEdkifiHw&yfvHk; e,fcsJUvufodkU usa&mufoGm;aomtcg Ak'¨ omoemawmfNrwfonfvnf;
rif;pdk;&mZmwdkU tapmifhta½Smufuif;uGmoGm;NyD; wdkif;olNynfom;wdkU\ vufwGif;ü tuGyfr&Sdao
Murf;uJhodkU y&rf;ywm NzpfcJh&avonf/
4/ vGefcJhaom 1309-ckESpfu NrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&; Nyef&vmaomtcgwGifrS
Ak'ömoemawmfudk NyefvnfxlaxmifcJhMu&onf? odkUaomf ,cif Nrefrmbk&ifrsm;acwfuESifh rwlawmhbJ
NrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;ü bmomaygif;pHk 0g'aygif;pHk 0ifa&mufaeESifhNyD; Nzpfaeayonf? yd#uusrf;*ef
trsKd;rsKd;rSmvnf; bmomNcm; pD;yGm;a&;orm;wdkUu Nzpfovdk yHkESdyfxkwfa0xm;MuoNzifh rEÅav;
yOöroH*g,emwif ausmufpmawmfrlESifh nd§NyD; q|oH*g,emwifcJhMuavonf/
5/ odkU&mwGif "r®pufudk olawmfaumif;wdkUuom vdkufemMuí rolawmfwdkUu "r®pufudk
rvdkufemMuacs? xdkUaMumifh Ak'ömoemawmfMuD;ü twGif;tNyif roefU½Sif;rIrsm; ½SdvmoNzifh vGefcJhaom
e,kefvu *dkPf;aygif;pHk oHCmhtpnf;ta0;MuD; usif;yNyD; oHCmhtzGJUtpnf; taNccHpnf;rsOf; 0denf; "r®uH

tpodkU
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; ponfwdkUudk a&;qGJí Ny|mef;cJhMu&\? þuJhodkU *dkPf;aygif;pHk oHCmawmfrsm;\

qHk;NzwfNy|mef;csuft& þEdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJUMuD;ESifhwuG Nynfe,f? wdkif;? ûrdUe,f? &yfuGuf?
aus;½Gmtkyfpk oHCmh tzGJYtpnf; tqifhqifh ay:aygufvmcJh&onf? EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&uvnf; "r®pufudk
rvdkufemolrsm;twGuf qHk;rEdkifaom 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kPf;rIcif;rsm; aNz½Sif;qHk;Nzwfa&;qdkif&m Oya'udk
Ny|mef;ay;cJhonf/
6/ odkUNzpfí EdkifiHawmftwGif;½Sd wpfodef;ausmf oHCmawmfrsm;\ udk,fpm; omoema&;
omoemhudpö t&yf&yfudk wm0efcHí aqmif½Guf&aom EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJUonf
EdkifiHawmftwGif;ü "r®a&;&m NyóemNzpfaom 0d0g'g"du½kPf;udpö&yfrsm;udk at;Nidrf;ap&ef tvdkUiSm
"r® 0de,ESifh vnf;aumif;? tpdk;&Oya'ESifh vnf;aumif; ESpfbufESpfvrf; tusKH;0ifaom EdkifiHawmf
oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;ay;cJhayonf/
7/ xdk0denf;"dk&ftzGJUrsm;teuf trSwf(1)tzGJUu ausmufoabFm0g'udk qHk;Nzwfay;cJhNyD;Nzpf\?
,ck trSwf(2)0denf;"dk&f tzGJUu vlaovlNzpf0g'? or®m'd|dokawoe0g'? a½Ttbd"r®m0g' qdkonfwdkUudk
pD&ifqHk;Nzwf 0dedpä, csrSwfay;cJhayonf/
8/ þudpöESifh pyfí tenf;i,faNymMum;vdkonfrSm or®m'd|dokawoe tzGJUu olwdkUudk
0denf;"dk&f½Hk;rwifygESifh? r[mem,u q&mawmfrsm;uyJ qHk;ryg? emcHyghr,f qdkwJh pmudk
vmwifcJhzl;ayonf? þudpöESifh ywfowfí q&mawmfwdkU av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;cJhMuonf?
or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUonf t&if;tNrpfESifhwuG 0d0g'g"du½kPf;Nzpfatmif zefwD;aeyHkudkyg
us,fus,fNyefUNyefU oHk;oyfcJhMuonf? þuJhodkU oHk;oyfaomtcg atmufyg tcsufESpf&yfudk
awGU&ayonf-
(u) wpf tcsufu EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJU taeNzifh rdrdqE´½Sd&m oabmtwdkif;
vkyfcGifhr½Sd? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;wdkUESifh tnDomvQif vkyfydkifcGifh
½Sdonf[laom tcsufNzpf\/
(c) ESpf tcsufu or®m'd|dokawoetzGJUonf tvGeftaNccHcdkifonf? bk&m;omoemESifh
rqdkif[lí yumoed,uH ûyxm;aom 'g,um 'g,umrwdkUu rMunfñdkEdkif[k
tyÜom'ya0'eD,uHûyxm;aom omoemhqefUusifbuf awmifwGif;MuD;OD;Ouú|udkrS
a½G;NyD; q&mwifxm;Muonf? or®m'd|dtzGJU0ifwdkU\ vkyfenf;vkyf[efrSmvnf;
aoG;½dk;om;½dk; bmom omoemudk at;csrf;pGm usifhMuHolwdkU\ vkyf&yfrsKd; r[kwfbJ
olwpfyg;wdkUtm; ykwfcwfNyD; rdrd rJ&atmif zefwD;Muaom a½S;acwf EdkifiHa&;orm;wdkU\
EdkifiHa&; vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsdK;NzpfaMumif; awGU&onf? xdkUaMumifh ,ckvdk pmwifNcif;onf
]rD;MuD;Nirf;cdk? xrif;a&yl vQmvTJ} qdkouJhodkUtaNctaet& ysm;a&ESifh 0rf;vmcsNcif;om
Nzpfonf? wu,fvdkufemrnf[k ,HkMunf&ef cufonf/

tpodkU
9/ þuJhodkU oHk;oyfawmfrlMuoNzifh q&mawmfrsm;\ yk*¾vqE´taeNzifh oem;u½kPm

iJhn§mvdkvSygaomfvnf; ESpfbuftaNctaet& ,ckvdk 0denf;"dk&f½Hk;zGJUí ppfaq;qHk;NzwfapcJhNcif;
Nzpfayonf? tu,fwEÅK oHCr[mem,uxH wifvmaom pmxJrSm ygouJhodkU q&mawmfMuD;rsm;
qHk;r&mudk emcHrnfqdkonfhtwdkif; or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU0if vlMuD;rsm;rSm ½dk;om;NzLpifaom
pdwfxm;½Sd½dk;rSefvQif ,ck 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfMuD;rsm;u ynma½SUoGm; arwÅmxm;í a&;om;qHk;Nzwf
qHk;rtyfonfwdkUudk a½SUwGifwpfrsKd; uG,f&mwpfrsKd; rvkyfbJ trSefwu,f vdkufemMuvdrfhrnf[k
q&mawmfwdkU arQmfvifhayonf? txufu q&mawmf qdkcJhonfhtwdkif; "r®pufudk olawmfaumif;wdkUuom
vdkufemonf? tmPmpufudkrl rolawmfwdkUvnf; rvdkufemrae& vdkufemMu&ayvdrfhrnf? odkUNzpfí
þoD;Ncm; 0dedpä,½Hk;awmf\ qHk;Nzwfcsufonf olawmfaumif;udk ydkaumif;apNyD; ol,kwfrmudk
olawmfaumif; Nzpfvmaprnfh qHk;Nzwfcsuf Nzpfayonf/
10/ þvlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' 0dedpä,onf t*wdw&m;av;yg;uif;ayonf? uif;yHkrSm
"r®a&;&mNyóemNzpfí rnfhonfhyk*d¾KvfudkrQ cspfcifiJhn§mp&m rvdkoNzifh qE´m*wduif;ayonf?
ocifNrwfqdkifu 0denf;"dk&f½Hk; ysufap&efESifh 2500-omoemESifh &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;tay:
tmCmwMuD;rm;vSpGmNzifh [dkpmwif 'DpmNzefU vkyfNcif;onf q&mawmfMuD;rsm;\ orm"dudk
rwkefvIyfapEdkifoNzifh a'gom*wdvnf; uif;ayonf? q&mawmfMuD;rsm;\ b0onf rnfolUudkrQ
aMumufp&mrvdkonfh taetxm;wGif½Sdí b,m*wdvnf; uif;ayonf? 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfMuD;rsm;onf
bmoEÅESifhwuG yd#uwfusrf;*ef pGrf;oefawmfrl½HkrQru rNywfavhvm qnf;yl;vsuf ½SdonfhtNyif ,ck
0dedpä,udk av;vwmrQ tcsdefvHkvHkavmufavmuf,lNyD; ususee a&;om;pD&ifawmfrlonfh twGufaMumifh
arm[m*wdvnf; uif;ayonf/
11/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,uq&mawmfMuD;rsm;ESifh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfMuD;rsm;\
aqmif½Gufcsufonf ed*¾a[ ed*¾[dwAHÁ-ESdyfxdkufoludk ESdyf&rnf? y*¾a[ y*¾[dwAHÁ- Nr§ifhxdkufoludk
Nr§ifh&rnf[laom w&m;awmfESifhtnDom Nzpfonf? xdkUNyif tblwH tblwawm edaAÁa|wAHÁ=
r[kwfrrSefonfudk r[kwfrrSefonfhtaMumif; aNz½Sif;&rnf[laom Ak'¨NrwfpGmbk&m;\ Mo0g'
ñTefMum;csufESifhvnf; tnDom Nzpfayonf/
12/ ,ckvdk &[ef;? ½Sif? vl NynfolwdkUtusKd;iSm Ak'ömoem(bk&m;tqHk;trawmfMuD;)
oefU½Sif;wnfwHhNyefUyGm;a&;twGuf "r®puf tmPmpufwdkUNzifh xufxufNrufNruf aqmif½GufcGifh&atmif rdrd
yifyef;qif;&JrIudk y"merxm;bJ þurÇmat;rSm 0gqdkí vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g'0dedpä,udk a&;om;ûypk
qHk;NzwfcsrSwfawmfrlMuaom xm;0,fûrdU? aCmodwm½Hkausmif;wdkuf q&mawmfbk&m;MuD; trª;½Sdaom oD;Ncm;
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf 5-yg;wdkU\ apwem? qE´? ZGJ ? vHkUv? ynmÚmPf? y#dbmefwdkUudkvnf; csD;usL;ygonf?
xdkUNyif þ0dedpä, atmifNrifa&;twGuf tbufbufu ulnDcJhMuaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,utzGJU udk,fpm; aus;Zl;wifygonf/

tpodkU
13/ txl;oNzifh þEdkifiHawmfü ray:aygufcJhzl;ao;aom oHCmhtzGJUtpnf; tqifhqifh

pepfwus ay:aygufapNyD; rqHk;NzwfcJhzl;ao;aom ,ckvdk omoemawmfwpf&yfvHk;Esifh oufqdkifonfh
"r®a&;&m tqHk;tNzwfrsKd; csrSwfEdkifatmif tmPmpuf tultnDay;ayaom EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&tm;vnf;
wpfodef;ausmf oHCmawmfwdkU\udk,fpm; EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU\ udk,fpm; aus;Zl;Oyum&
txl;wifvsuf tpOfarwåmydkUovsuf ½SdaMumif; ed*Hk;csKyf rdefUMum;vdkufygonf/
b'ÉÅtmeEý@dw(t*¾r[my@dw)
'kwd,Ouú|q&mawmf
EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJU
('kwd,tzGJUcGJ)
1343-ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (2)&uf/
1981-ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv( 29)&uf/


tpodkU
EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJU tvSnfhus tusKd;awmfaqmif

q&mawmf OD;crm0k"\ 0dedpä, tusOf;csKyf oHk;oyfcsufESifh
pk'dwuyk*d¾Kvfrsm; ESvHk;oGif;zG,f Mo0g'
0dedpä, tusOf;csKyfudk rdefUMum;a&;udpöESifh ywfowfí 0dedpä, ed*Hk; oHk;oyfcsufwGif
atmufygtwdkif; ygNyD;Nzpfaeygw,f/
,if; vlaovlNzpf 0g'gEk0g' (vlaovlNzpf OD;Ouú|0g'? ¤if;\ aemufvdkufNzpfaom
ocifNrwfqdkif? or®m'd|dokawoD polwdkU\ 0g') onf ax&0g' yd#uwfawmfvm omoe"r®
tm*r,kwdårsm;ESifh vnf;aumif;? av;eufus,fNyefUaom obm0,kwdårsm;ESifh vnf;aumif;
ravsmfuefatmif azmufNyef,Gif;uGuf qefUusifbufNzpfaom t"r®0g'om Nzpfonf[k EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm;
0denf;"dk&ftzGJU trSwf(2) 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;tm;vHk;u wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;NzwfawmfrlMuonf/
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0g'gEk0g'qdkif&m pmtkyf pmwrf; pmapmif wdwfacGrsm;ESifhwuG þ½Hk;awmfodkU oufaocHypönf;tNzpf
a&mufrvmaom xdk0g'qdkif&m pmtkyf pmwrf; pmapmif wdwfacGESifh ausmufpm ponfü yg½Sdaom
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wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;NzwfawmfrlMuonf/
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vkyfaeMuwmNzpfwJhtwGuf 'DEdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUuvJ 'DOya'rsm;udk csKd;azmufNyD; usifhoHk;vdkU

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aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;MunfhwJhtcg -
oku&H om"kem om"k? om"k ygaye 'kuú&H/
ygyH ygaye oku&H? ygyr&da,[d 'kuú&H/
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wwd,yg'wdkUESifh wpfxyfwnf; wlnDaeygw,f? 'Dawmh rdrdwdkU&JU udk,ftrlt&meJUvkyfwJh udpö?
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ûywdkif; aNymwdkif; qdkwdkif; vIyf&Sm;wdkif; MuHpnfwdkif; usKd;rJhûyvG,f usKd;½SdûycufawG NzpfwwfMuygw,f/
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vG,fvG,fyJ tNypfwif wwfMuygw,f? tJ'DtrIawG rSeforQ trJpufxifoGm;NyD Nzpfygw,f? 'DtrJpufudk
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&wemoHk;yg;udk MunfñdkMu NrwfEdk;Mu tm;udk;MuwJhae&mrSm owdxm;zdkU txl;ta&;MuD;ygw,f?
owdxm;zdkU qkd&mrSmvJ udk,fESpfouf&m udk,fNrwfEdk;&m udk,ftm;udk;&mNzpfwJh txnfN'yf0w¬Kypönf;rSm -
(u) MunfñdkwwfwJh MunfñdkrJhyk*d¾Kvf?
(c) tMunfñdkcH&rJh 0w¬K N'yf ESpfrsKd; uGJoGm;ygw,f?
'Dawmh MunfñdkwwfwJh yk*d¾Kvfae&mu bkef;MuD; a0zefNycsifwmyg? MunfñdkwwfwJhae&mrSm
oHk;rsKd;oHk;pm;&SdaMumif; ax&0g'yd#uwf okwfr[m0g t|uxm ESm(377)rSm Nyqdkxm;ygw,f/

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(u) Av0oa'¨g [d rEýanm rk"yÜoaEém a[mwd? t0w¬Kod® H yoD'wd/

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tawudapäm a[mwd/
(*) ObdEHé orwm, 0w¬Kod® H a,0 yoD'wd/
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onf tcsnf;ESD;aom ,HkMunfrI Nzpfonf? rMunfñdkxdkuf rNrwfedk;xdkufaom yk*d¾KvfrsKd;udk q&mwifí
Munfñdkwwf\? xdkyk*d¾KvfrsKd;udk o'¨gtm;aumif;NyD; ÚmPfynm todw&m; rygaomaMumifh tcsnf;ESD;
ukd;uG,fol[k ac:qdk&onf/
2/ 'kwd, trsKd;tpm;yk*d¾Kvfu-
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trnfcHayrJh tJ'Dyk*d¾KvfrsKd;[m au&m#duyuH© bZwd=aumufuspfpOf;vJaom tzdkUtpkodkU
a&mufwwfygw,f/
avmuOyrmtm;Nzifh aNym&vQif-
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a&m*g0d, = a&m*guJhodkU
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3/ wwd,yk*d¾KvfrsKd;u ,HkMunfrI o'¨gw&m;vJ tm;aumif;w,f? csifhcsdefa0zefrI
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owåavmuMuD;twGif;rSm owå0g&,fvdkU Nzpfvm&if ywf0ef;usifudk udk,fu rSD&wmvJ ½Sdw,f?
ywf0ef;usifu todkif;t0dkif;u udk,fhudk NyefNyD; rSDcdk&wmvJ ½Sdw,f? olrsm;u udk,fhudk rSDcdkwJhtcgrSm
udk,furSDtyfwJhyk*d¾Kvf rSDoifhwJh yk*d¾Kvf rSDxdkufwJh yk*d¾KvfrsKd;NzpfzdkU ydkNyD; udk,fusifhw&m;NrJzdkU
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q&maumif;vdkU rqdkEdkifao;bl;? udk,fusifhw&m;aumif;zdkUuvnf; ta&;MuD;ao;w,f/
b,fae&mrSmNzpfNzpf a0zefw,f? pdppfw,f? a0zefpdppfNyD;rS 'dkUu vufcHw,fvdkU udk,fhbufu
xifaeayrJh rdpäm or®mruGJ,if tcsnf;ESD;y?J usrf;*efawGrSm Nyqdkxm;wmu ykxkZOfyk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf rdrdwdkU

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oEÅmefrSm Nzpfay:vmaom todw&m;rSeforQudk tm;vHk; yndaNEćsnf;xifaewwfw,fwJh? todw&m;wdkif;

ynmr[kwfbl;? todu rdpämod? or®mod ESpfrsKd;½Sdw,f? odwmawG rSeforQ udk,fu or®modcsnf;
qHk;Nzwfxm;vdkU r&EdkifwJh taMumif;udk -
rdpämÚmaPwd {w¬ rdpämÚmPEdÅ ygyud&d,mok Oyg,pdEÅm0aoe okuwH urH® £wd
yapöa0u©Pmuma&e OyÜaEém arma[m a0'dwaAÁm-
vdkU t|uxmq&mu zGifhNyxm;ygw,f/
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raumif;wmaNymr,f? wvGJwapmif; tm;xkwfr,fqdk&if tJ'Dae&mrSm ay:vmaom todÚmPf[lorQ
rdpämÚmPfyJ? t&aumufawmh arm[yJ? 'Darm[u ykxkZOfawGudk yndaNEá,mifa,mifeJY
[efaqmifwwfw,f? 'gaMumifh rodrI t0dZÆm arm[ OD;pD;rIaMumifh rdrdwdkU odxm;wJh todw&m;rSeforQudk
yndaNEćsnf;vdkU ratmufarhyg&ef bkef;MuD;u owday;ygw,f?
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aumif;ygw,f/
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a[maNymavh½Sdygw,f? olwpfyg;t,l0g'udk ESdrfí rdrd t,ltq rSefuefaMumif; oufaoNyzdkU aeUpOf
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uk@vd, -t½Sifa*gwronf tb,f tusKd;&Sdí aeygoenf;/
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tpodkU
bk&m; -aAmZÑifckepfyg;w&m;Nzpfvmatmif owdy|mefw&m;udk yGm;rsm;&ygrnf/

uk@vd, -owdy|mefw&m;udk yGm;rsm;Edkifatmif tb,fw&m;udk avhvmusifhoHk;
&ygrnfenf;/
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0ifa&mufvmcJhygw,f/
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vdkufygw,f/
om"k? om"k? om"k

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t"r®0g' pGefUvTwfNyD;aom q&mawmfrsm;

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oHCmh tzGJUtpnf; taNccH pnf;rsOf; tcef;(2) tydk'f(5)rSm -
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toD;oD;rS &[ef;oHCm [lorQonf Nynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor®w NrefrmEdkifiHawmf
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t"r®0g' pGefUvTwfaMumif; y#dnmOfûy

vufrSwfa&;xdk;Ncif;
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0g'ESifh a½Ttbd"r®m0g'wdkUudk t"r®0g' [lí 0dedpä, csrSwfcJhNyD;Nzpf&m rdrdwdkU\ 0g'rsm;udk rpdppfrDu
y#dnmOf ûycJhonfhtwdkif; -
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Mo0g'ay;rnf NzpfygaMumif;/
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awmifOuúvm


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Nynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpfor®w NrefrmEdkifiHawmf

NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&; 0efMuD;Xme
trdefUaMumfNimpm trSwf 2^81
1343-ck ESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf 3-&uf
(1981-ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv 30-&uf)
1/ EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,u tzGJU\ 1981-ckESpf? arv 13 &ufpGJyg pmtrSwf
208^1ôm-r[eNzifh zGJUpnf;ay;cJhonfh EdkifiHawmf oD;Ncm; 0denf;"dk&f tzGJU trSwf(2)u 1981-ckESpf?
atmufwdkbmv29-&uf aeUwGif ½SifOuú|\ vlaovlNzpf 0g'? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ 0g'ESifh
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qefUusifbuf Nzpfaeaom t"r®0g' [k qHk;Nzwfcsuf csrSwfcJhygonf/
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rIcif;rsm; aNz&Sif;qHk;Nzwfa&;qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr 13-t& vnf;aumif;? 1962-ckESpf yHkESdyfolrsm;ESifh
xkwfa0olrsm; rSwfyHkwif Oya' yk'fr 6-t& vnf;aumif;? NypfrIqdkif&mOya' yk'fr 188- t&
vnf;aumif;? aw;oHoGif;vkyfief; vkyfudkifcGifh trdefUtydk'f 13- ESifh14 wdkUt& vnf;aumif; ½SifOuú|\
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ydwfyifvdkufonf/
3/ 1964-ckESpf? trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;udk umuG,fonfh Oya'yk'fr 5-
t& &SifOuú|\ vlaovlNzpf 0g'? or®m'd|dokawoetzGJU\ 0g' odkUr[kwf a½Ttbd"r®m0g' NyefUyGm;a&;
twGuf aqmif½Gufvsuf ½Sdaom toif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk zsufodrf;vdkufonf? xdkuJhodkUaom
toif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf Nynfaxmifpk NrefrmedifiHawmfvSefa&; tpdk;&tzGJU Ouú|½Hk;\ 1964-ckESpf?
arv 3-&ufpGJyg trdefUaMumfNimpm trSwf 64-\ tydk'f 1-t& uif;vGwfcGifh r½Sdap&/
pdefvGif
0efMuD;? Nynfaxmifpk qdk½S,fvpf NrefrmEdkifiHawmf
NynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efMuD;Xme/

tpodkU
usrf;pmtkyf"r®'getvª½Sif
vlaovlNzpf0g'gEk0g'0dedpä, (ax&0g'pG,fpHkusrf;) MuD;udk
tqufrNywfvnfywf yHkESdyfxkwfa0Edkifap&ef
aiGya'o,yifpdkufxlum ynmoH0wåedu ukodkvfûyMuaom
"r®'ge'g,umrsm;
OD;ausmfñGefU + a':oef;Nrifh
NynfhpHñGefUukrÜPD
aiGMum&H&dyfom? yg&rDvrf;
awmifOuúvmyûrdUe,f? &efukefûrdU/
ewfvlom"kac:apaomf0f/ /

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