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Seminar On Molecular Electronics

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INTRODUCTION
The notion 'molecular electronics' has been used more frequently since the 1970s and summarizes a series of physical phenomena and ideas for their application in connection with organic molecules, oligomers, polymers, organic aggregates and solids. The properties studied in this field were connected to optical and electrical phenomena, such as optical absorption, fluorescence, nonlinear optics, energy transport, charge transfer, electrical conductance, and electron and nuclear spin-resonance. The final goal was and is to build devices which can compete or surpass some aspects of inorganic semiconductor devices. For example, on the basis of organic molecules there exist rectifiers, transistors, molecular wires, organic light emitting diodes, elements for photovoltaics, and displays. With respect to applications, one aspect of the organic materials is their broad variability and the lower effort and costs for their processability.

INTRODUCTION
The step from microstructures to the investigation of nanostructures is a big challenge also in this field and has lead to what nowadays is called molecular electronics in its narrow sense. In this field the subjects of the studies are often single molecules, e.g. single molecule optical spectroscopy, electrical conductance, i.e. charge transport through a single molecule, the influence of vibrational degrees of freedom, etc. A challenge here is to provide the techniques for addressing in a reproducible way the molecular scale. In another approach small molecular ensembles are studied in order to avoid artefacts from particular contact situations. The recent development of the field is presented in [18]. In this Focus Issue we present new results in the field of 'molecular electronics', both in its broad and specialized sense. One of the basic questions is the distribution of the energy levels responsible for optical absorption on the one hand and for the transport of charge on the other. A still unanswered question is whether the Wannier exciton model applies in which the excitation is distributed over several molecules or whether a good description is given by the Frenkel exciton model with the electron and the whole being localized at the same molecular unit.

INTRODUCTION
Micro-cavities also play an important role in the investigation of organic materials resulting in a new state (polariton) as the superposition of a photon and an exciton because of the large excitonphoton interaction. A similar excitation arises because of the interaction between plasmons and photons. A special geometrical shape of a nano-cavity increases the interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and a dipole sitting in the cavity. The interaction between vibronic degrees of freedom and electronic excitations plays an important role for various phenomena such as nonlinear processes, the question of coherence, information on the shape of a potential hypersurface, etc. With the help of femtosecond laser pulses, detailed information on such vibrations can be obtained. Also of great importance is the investigation of the energy transfer in artificial light-harvesting systems, e.g. in dendrimers. Finally the combination of experimental and theoretical investigations allows for a comparison of the spectra of two molecules with the same backbone (tetracene and rubrene).

How Molecular Electronic works?

molecular electronics works at the smallest scale involving single molecules, its characteristics and sub properties.It deals with the substance which are considered to be un explorable in the field of electronics.It also implements all the major laws of electronics in the practical ground basis so that original implementation of theoratical frame work can be seen. Many major components in the feild of chemistry, physics, biological science and electronics are the gift of molecular electronics.With the help of this wonderful technology the bulding blocks of structures can be used in intense and complex fabrications of intergrated circuits.It can control the molecular scale properties of individual atom of matter according to the use.he direct measurment of material properties is one of the most vital feature of molecular electronics which cannot be found in any other technology.

Applications of Molecular electornics

Molecular electornics has wide range of appllications in the work areas of chemistry, physics, electronics and nano electronics, technology,artificial intelligence and medical equipements. Almost all the fabricated chips in the intelligent machinery that is used on large scale has molecular electronic involved in its constrcution.For example resistors and transistors that are used in producing electricity,capacitors in space crafts, automation circuits of robots, strategic plant temperature handlers and CT scan for displaying the infected areas of body. STM and AFM both have molecular electronics involved in their construction.In the field of chemistry it is used to see the chemical reactions in stimulated models of nuclear reactors, and also for measuring the acidic and reactive properties of individual element.

Disavantages of Molecular Electronics

Molecular electronics is not at all cost effective.complete fabricated components developed by it are quite expensive and their mantainace cost is also high. This technology is not easily understandable.For proper knowledge the basic concepts of nanotechnology and nano electronics must be studied first. Difficult error recovery because of high integration at smallest scale, it is hard to detect the physical error in the device. The components developed because of high manufacturing cost, its components are not readily available. Especialized engineers and scientists are required to handle and control the risks factors of molecular electronics.

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