Kransch () because each discourse domain has its own metaphors, its own categorizations, its own way

of relating the parts to the whole, the broadened intellectual agenda now available to language teachers and applied linguistics has made it more difficult to communicate across historically created discourses. As Hayden White puts it: Discourse itself mediates between our apprehension of those aspects of experience still strange to us and those aspects of it which we understand because we have found an order of words adequate to its domestication. (46) 2 difficulties: () the specific words to apprehend and understand their specific object of inquiry. () use these words to communicate with various audiences. (47) Applied linguistics have to mediate between the everyday language users whom they observe and record, the community of scholars for whom they analyze and interpret these observations, and the language teachers together with whom they want to influence instructional practice. () a problem between different discourse communities. (49) () applied linguistics () uses the metaphors of politically dominant discourse communities. () what professional implications these discourses had for practitioners in the field. (49-50) () different political and professional agendas, born from different historical conditions, make communication between researchers and practitioners treacherous. (51) () cross-disciplinary excursions on the part of both applied linguistics and language teachers have opened to them domain-specific discourse forms that expanded their thinking about their respective fields and enable them to reach larger audiences. But at the same time, reaching larger audiences entails a mediation through language that creates its own discourse problems. For language not only reflects the interests and biases of the discourse community which generated it, but creates and perpetuates them as well. (52) The choice of the input metaphor () ensured applied linguistics research respectability and funding. (53) () input came to be viewed as any thing in the teaching and learning environment that might affect the acquisition of a foreign language (). (54) All happened as if the input metaphor had had to restrict the vast context of language to make it apprehensible, but now the metaphor had acquired a life of its own and was creating a new context of which researchers had great difficulty freeing themselves. (54) () by passing from the physical sciences to the language sciences, and from the language sciences to the science of education, the input metaphor has shaped discourse realities for people who, although they might use the same words, end up meaning different things by these words. (55) Applied linguistics and language teachers can understand one another not so much by informing one another of the results of their expert research, or of their professional teaching practices, but by engaging together in an intellectual exploration of the historical and social forces that have shaped their respective discourses. Ultimately, what is important for each to understand is not the different answers they give but the different questions they ask. (56)

Stevens Applied linguistics was thus produced () not as an a priori concept, but as the consequence of creative minds aware of the developments then current in the discipline of linguistics, applying their talents to specific language-related tasks. It is () task-related, problem-oriented, project-centered, and demand-led. It is also fundamentally based on academic disciplines. (14) () the purposes of applied linguistics are () utilitarian. (16) Definition: 1. () based in intellectual inquiry, gives rise to and makes use of research, and is disciplinerelated; 2. Linguistics is essential (), but is not the only discipline that contributes to it; 3. The choice of which disdiplines () and which parts of those disciplines () depends on what the circumstances are; 4. () multidisciplinary (). 5. () concerned with achieving an end, with improving existing language-related operations, and with solving language-related problems; 6. Linguists () should use their knowledge and understanding in the service og humanity. (1617) Applied linguistics is a multidisciplinary approach to the solution of language-related problems. (17)