Centres of Excellence revision

History and development of elite sport

The first elite were the peasants paid by the gentry in the 18th century foot races, prize fights and horse racing Driving force was wagering Fuelled by the patrons desire to increase their chance of winning increase the size of their purse

East Germany
1949 1990 Communist state under influence of Soviet Union Communism everything is done for the good of the state rather than the individual Restricted access to country and leaving Population 16 million Olympic success second to Soviet Union in 1976

East Germany
Organisation of sport

Talent ID 4-6yrs biometric testing not missing talent Those who scored well were invited to local camps Child and youth boarding schools 10yrs
Train everyday (6hrs/day) Education around training (2hrs/day

Organised Spartakiads
Experience big time competitions and pressure A selection process When dropped out, no provision

East Germany
Organisation of sport

State run sports clubs and training centres

Residential near Berlin Top class coaching, facilities and medical support Train full time State funded, run, controlled (use of drugs) Each performer had access to a team doctor Win at all costs no care for performers health

National training centres National squad

Would drugs alone account for the success of the East German athletes during the 1970s? Can you suggest other reasons for this success? (7 marks)

Anabolic steroids what they do Need to train Primary age talent ID biometric testing Boarding schools Spartakiad annual competitions National institutes of sport Top-class facilities Drug use was the final part athletes would need to get to that final stage

Australia
1976 no Gold medals at Montreal Olympics Government reviewed the elite performance Looked at Talent ID and Development Looked at East German system small country, similar population

Australia
What did they pick-up?
Talent ID system at early age biometric and skill testing Central institute of sport Building competition Technical support science to support sport Invested in coaching

Australia
AIS

Formed in 1981 Located outside Canberra Provides athletes with world-class facilities, coaching, support and equipment There is now a smaller institutes in each state As well as a European Training Centre

European training centre (AIS)

Australia

European base with full time support Based in Italy Nearer the centre of competitions Natural facilities to support Full technical support First rate facilities/coaches

USA
Sporting talent is nurtured through the high school and college system Develop the elite in the USA
Decentralised system No central organisation or system

Lombardian Ethic
Winning is everything Drives American sport highly competitive American dream rags to riches Americanisation Highly commercialised

USA
Radical ethic
Like European sport for all All about participation Based on Olympism taking part

Counter culture ethic

Focused on non-competitive Mainly linked to outdoors

High school sport

USA

High school is the starting point for athletes wishing to make a career in sport School sport in almost akin to a religion with huge crowds attending games Most schools employ specialist coaches for their team Teams have a large budget to ensure they have the best possible equipment College scouts follow games from early in the season and will target key players

College and University sport

USA

College acts as a middleman to the profession game Its role is to groom the best talent recruited from high school, Colleges role is to toughen them up through four years of training, playing and completing study Then filter them into the professional clubs via the annual draft

The Annual Draft

USA

The US system where the top college players are recruited into the professional leagues The worst club from the previous season gets first pick, working up the table

The flow of elite sport

USA

Professional Sports Contract

Draft

Four years college / Higher education sports squad

Sports Scholarship

High School Squad

UK
UK Sport is the UKs organisation for directing the development of sport It is answerable to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport Four sport councils:
Sport England Sport Scotland Sport Council Wales Sport Northern Ireland

World Class Performance pathway

UK

Funds performance and subsistence costs of UK elite athletes

For training and preparation of elite performers with potential to win medals within the next 4 years For development of talented performers with potential to win medals within the next ten years For identifying and nurturing performers who can achieve future world-class success
World Class Talent
World Class Development

World Class Talent

UK Sports Institutes (UKSI)

UK

Four developed institutes

English Institute of Sport (EIS) 9 hubs

Loughborough university Bath university Gateshead international stadium Stirling university

Scottish Institute of Sport (SIS) 1 hub Sports Institute Northern Ireland (SIN) 1 hub Welsh Institute of Sport (WIS) 1 hub
University College of Wales University of Ulster

National Governing Bodies

UK

The sports national governing bodies are still continuing to develop their excellence and talent identification programmes

Elite coach education programme

UK

This aims to meet to the needs of coaches in the world class environment Coaches identified are offered a range of training and resources to aid in their coachin development

Athlete Career and Education Programme

UK

Based on the Australian model Aims to enhance an athletes personal development and sporting performance It can help prepare them for life after sport Athletes can access services
Career advice Educational support Personal finance training Media and presentation skills training

Support roles and finance

The increased standard of elite competition makes it difficult for athletes to compete for medals unless they train full time Four main methods of financially supporting elite performers
Funding directly from the state Funding from charities and private institutions Sponsorship Salaried sports