CompositesAnalysisinANSYS CompositesAnalysisinANSYS

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Topics CompositesandAdvantages TraditionalCompositesModeling InterfaceDelaminationandFailureSimulation ANSYSFibersimInterface

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CompositesintheIndustry
Bythebroadestdefinition,acompositematerialis oneinwhichtwoormorematerialsthataredifferent arecombinedtoformasinglestructurewithan identifiableinterface. Thepropertiesofthatnewstructurearedependant uponthepropertiesoftheconstituentmaterialsas wellasthepropertiesoftheinterface. Additionally,wheremetalalloyshaveisotropic characteristics,compositescanhaveveryselective directionalpropertiestomeetspecificapplication needs.

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CompositesintheIndustry
Compositesusedfortypicalengineeringapplications areadvancedfiberorlaminatedcomposites,suchas fiberglass,glassepoxy,graphiteepoxy,andboron epoxy. ANSYSallowsyoutomodelcompositematerialswith specializedelementscalledlayeredelements.You canperformanystructuralanalysis(including nonlinearitiessuchaslargedeflectionandstress stiffening).

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BenefitsofComposites
Strongerandstifferthanmetalsonadensitybasis Capableofhighcontinuousoperating temperatures Highlycorrosionresistant Electricallyinsulating/conducting/selectively conductingproperties Tailorablethermalexpansionproperties Exceptionalformability Outstandingdurability

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TraditionalCompositesAnalysis TraditionalCompositesAnalysis

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TraditionalCompositesModeling TraditionalCompositesModeling

ElementTechnology MaterialModelingandLayeredConfiguration FailureCriteria AdditionalModelingandPostProcessing

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ElementsforCompositesAnalysis

ElementType Shell Solid SolidShell Beam

ElementNumber SHELL99SHELL91 SHELL181 SOLID186SOLID46 SOLID191SOLID95 SOLSHL190 BEAM188BEAM189

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SHELL99 LinearLayeredStructuralShellElement
ElementDefinition
8node,3Dshellelementwithsixdegreesoffreedomateachnode Thintomoderatelythickplateandshellstructureswithasideto thicknessratioofroughly10orgreater

LayerDefinition
Totalof250uniformthicknesslayers 125layerswithbilinearthicknessesvariation MatrixformorLayerForm(RealConstants)

Options
Optiontooffsetthenodestothetoporbottomsurface NOPlasticitylargestrainbehaviorsandwichoption FailureModelingthroughTB,FAIL

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SHELL91 NonlinearLayeredStructuralShellElement
ElementDefinition
8node,3Dshellelementwithsixdegreesoffreedomateachnode Usedformodelingthicksandwhichstructures

LayerDefinition
Totalof100uniformthicknesslayers 125layerswithbilinearthicknessesvariation LayerForm(RealConstants)

Options
Nomaterialpropertymatrixinput Supportsplasticity,largestrainbehaviorlaminatedandsandwichstructures FailureModelingthroughTB,FAIL

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SHELL181 FiniteStrainShell
ElementDefinition
4node3Dshellelementwith6degreesoffreedomateachnode. Usedforlayeredapplicationsformodelinglaminatedcomposite shellsorsandwichconstruction.(Firstordersheardeformation)

LayerDefinition
Totalof255uniform/nonuniformsectionlayers Sectioncommandsratherthanrealconstants. Supportsgeneralizedsectiondefinition

Options
Fullnonlinearcapabilitiesincludinglargestrainandmaterialmodels FailurecriteriaisavailableviaFCandotherFCxxxcommands.

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SOLID186 3DLayeredStructuralSolidElement
ElementDefinition Layeredversionofthe20node3Dsolidelementwiththree degreesoffreedompernode(UX,UY,UZ). Theelementcanbestackedtomodelthroughthethickness discontinuities. LayerDefinition
Totalof250layers Sectioncommandsratherthanrealconstants.

Options
Fullnonlinearcapabilitiesincludinglargestrain FailurecriteriaisavailableviaFCandotherFCxxxcommands.

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SOLID46 3DLayeredStructuralSolidElement
ElementDefinition
Layeredversionofthe8node,3Dsolidelement,SOLID45,withthree degreesoffreedompernode(UX,UY,UZ) Designedtomodelthicklayeredshellsorlayeredsolids

Canstackseveralelementstomodelmorethan250layerstoallow throughthethicknessdeformationslopediscontinuities.

LayerDefinition
Allowsupto250uniformthicknesslayersperelement. Allows125layerswiththicknessesthatmayvarybilinearly

Userinputconstitutivematrixoption

Options
Nonlinearcapabilitiesincludinglargestrain FailurecriteriathroughTB,FAILoption

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SOLID191 LayeredStructuralSolidElement
ElementDefinition
Layeredversionofthe20node3DsolidelementSOLID95,withthree degreesoffreedompernode(UX,UY,UZ). Designedtomodelthicklayeredshellsorlayeredsolids

Canstackseveralelementstomodelmorethan250layerstoallow throughthethicknessdeformationslopediscontinuities.

LayerDefinition
Allowsupto100uniformthicknesslayersperelement. Allows125layerswiththicknessesthatmayvarybilinearly

Userinputconstitutivematrixoption

Options
Nononlinearcapabilities FailurecriteriathroughTB,FAILoption

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SOLSH190 3DLayeredStructuralSolidShell
ElementDefinition
8node3DsolidShellelementwiththreedegreesoffreedompernode(UX, UY,UZ). Theelementcanbestackedtomodelthroughthethicknessdiscontinuities. SOLSH190canbeusedforsimulatingshellstructureswithawiderangeof thickness(fromthintomoderatelythick).

LayerDefinition
Theelementhasfullnonlinearcapabilitiesincludinglargestrainandallows 250layersformodelinglaminatedshells.

Options
FailurecriteriaisavailableusingtheFCcommands

Fullnonlinearcapabilitiesincludinglargestrainandmaterialmodels
SupportedbyEORIENTandVEORIENTcommands
R3 8 R2 4 R3

R1 R3

B
R3

R2 3

A
R1 2 6

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Beam188/189 3DBeams
ElementDefinition
BEAM188/BEAM189,linearandquadraticversionsofthe3Dfinitestrainbeam elementswithsixDOF Suitableforanalyzingslendertomoderatelystubby/thickbeamstructures.This elementisbasedonTimoshenkobeamtheory.Sheardeformationeffectsare included.

LayerDefinition
ThroughSectioncommands Multimaterialcrosssection,customcrosssection,inclusionandpredictionof transverseshearstresses

Options
Nonlinearcapabilitiesincludinglargestrainandmaterialmodels

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MaterialModeling&LayeredConfiguration Themostimportantcharacteristicofacomposite materialisitslayeredconfiguration. Eachlayermaybemadeofadifferentorthotropic materialandmayhaveitsprincipaldirections orienteddifferently. Forlaminatedcomposites,thefiberdirections determinelayerorientation. Twomethodsareavailablefordefiningthelayered configuration:
i. Byspecifyingindividuallayerproperties ii. Bydefiningconstitutivematricesthatrelategeneralizedforces andmomentstogeneralizedstrainsandcurvatures
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IndividualLayerProperties:FirstMethod
Withthismethod,thelayerconfigurationisdefined layerbylayerfrombottomtotop. Thebottomlayerisdesignatedaslayer1,and additionallayersarestackedfrombottomtotopin thepositiveZ(normal)directionoftheelement coordinatesystem. Attimes,aphysicallayerwillextendoveronlypartof themodel.Inordertomodelcontinuouslayers,these droppedlayersmaybemodeledwithzerothickness.

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IndividualLayerProperties
MaterialProperty
MPcommandisusedtodefinethelinearmaterialproperties. TBcommandisusedtodefinethenonlinearmaterialdatatables

Theonlydifferenceisthatthematerialattributenumberfor eachlayerofanelementisspecifiedintheelement'sreal constanttableorSectiondata Thelinearmaterialpropertiesforeachlayermaybeeither isotropicororthotropic Materialpropertydirectionsareparalleltothelayer coordinatesystem,definedbytheelementcoordinate systemandthelayerorientationangle

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DefiningLayerData
UsingLayeredsectionsthroughtheSectionTool
Foreachlayer,thefollowingarespecifiedinthesection definitionthroughthesectioncommandsorthrough theSectionTool(SECTYPE,SECDATA)(accessed withtheSECNUMattributes). Materialproperties(viaamaterialreferencenumber MAT) Layerorientationanglecommands(THETA) Layerthickness(TK) Numberofintegrationpointsperlayer(NUMPT)

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LayerDataDefinition
LayerOrientationAngle
Thisdefinestheorientationofthelayercoordinatesystemwith respecttotheelementcoordinatesystem. Itistheangle(indegrees)betweenXaxesofthetwosystems.By default,thelayercoordinatesystemisparalleltotheelement coordinatesystem.

LayerThickness
Ifthelayerthicknessisconstant,youonlyneedtospecifyTK(I), thethicknessatnodeI.Otherwise,thethicknessesatthefour cornernodesmustbeinput. Droppedlayersmayberepresentedwithzerothickness.

Numberofintegrationpointsperlayer
Thisallowsyoutodetermineinhowmuchdetailtheprogram shouldcomputetheresults. Forverythinlayers,whenusedwithmanyotherlayers,onepoint wouldbeappropriate.Butforlaminateswithfewlayers,more wouldbeneeded.Thedefaultis3points.
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ShellSectionData

SecType,SecId,SHELL,Name SHELL
SecData,Thick,MatID,Ori,numSectPt Thick LayerThickness MatID MaterialIDforlayer Ori LayerOrientation numSectPtNumberofintegrationpointsthrulayerthickness Repeatasmanytimesasneeded
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ConstitutiveMatrices:SecondMethod
Thisisanalternativetospecifyingtheindividuallayer properties AvailableasanoptionKEYOPT(2)forSOLID46and SHELL99. Thematrices,whichrepresenttheforcemomentandstrain curvaturerelationshipsfortheelement,mustbecalculated outsidetheANSYSprogram Theycanbeincludedaspartofthesolutionprintoutwith KEYOPT(10). Themainadvantagesofthematrixapproachare:
Itallowsyoutoincorporateanaggregatecompositematerial behavior. Athermalloadvectormaybesupplied. Thematricesmayrepresentanunlimitednumberoflayers. Thetermsofthematricesaredefinedasrealconstants.
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PreintegratedGeneralShellSections
Youcannowdefinehomogenousshellsectionbehaviordirectly viapreintegratedgeneralshellsections,amethodcommonly usedinanalysesinvolvinglaminatedcompositestructures. Withpreintegratedshellsections(SECTYPE,,GENS),youcan directlyspecifythemembrane,bending,andcoupling properties. Thepreintegratedmethodalsoallowsanalysisofcomplex geometry(withrepeatedpatternssuchascorrugatedsheets) usingequivalentshellsectionproperties. Youcanusepreintegratedgeneralshellsectionswhenusing theSHELL181element,providedthatlinearelasticmaterial behaviorisacceptable. Preintegration
Requiresfewersystemresourcesbecausenumericalintegration throughthethicknessoftheshellisnotrequired. Allowsimportofhomogenoussectionstiffnessconstants evaluatedinotheranalysesorbythirdparty,specialpurpose softwaretools.
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NodeOffset
ForSHELL181usingsectionsdefinedthroughthesection commands,nodescanbeoffsetduringthedefinitionofthe section,usingtheSECOFFSETcommand. ForSHELL91,andSHELL99thenodeoffsetoption (KEYOPT(11))locatestheelementnodesatthebottom,middle ortopsurfaceoftheshell.

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FailureCriteria
Failurecriteriaareusedtolearnifalayerhasfailedduetothe appliedloads.Youcanchoosefromthreepredefinedfailure criteriaorspecifyuptosixfailurecriteriaofyourown(user writtencriteria).Thethreepredefinedcriteriaare:
MaximumStrainFailureCriterion,whichallowsninefailurestrains MaximumStressFailureCriterion,whichallowsninefailure stresses TsaiWuFailureCriterion,whichallowsninefailurestressesand threeadditionalcouplingcoefficients.Youhaveachoiceoftwo methodsofcalculatingthiscriterion.

Thefailurestrains,stresses,andcouplingcoefficientsmaybe temperaturedependent.

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SpecifyingFailureCriteria
Failurecriteriaarecommonlyusedfororthotropicmaterials. TheycanbeinputusingeithertheFCcommandsortheTB commands TBCommand:TB,FAILCompositematerialfailuredata
AppliestoSOLID46,SHELL91,SOLID95,SHELL99,SOLID191

ThefailurecriteriatableisstartedbyusingtheTBcommand (withLab=FAIL).Thedatatableisinputintwoparts:
thefailurecriterionkeys thefailurestress/straindata.

Datanotinputareassumedtobezero.Thesixfailurecriterion keysaredefinedwiththeTBDATAcommandfollowinga specialformoftheTBTEMPcommand[TBTEMP,,CRIT]to indicatethatthefailurecriterionkeysaredefinednext

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TB,FAILandFCCommands
TB,FAIL,1,2!Datatableforfailurecriterion,material1,!no.oftemperatures=2 TBTEMP,,CRIT!Failurecriterionkey TBDATA,2,1!MaximumStressFailureCriterion(Const.2=1) TBTEMP,100!Temperatureforsubsequentfailureproperties TBDATA,10,1500,,400,,10000!X,Y,andZfailuretensilestresses(Zvalue!settoalargenumber) TBDATA,16,200,10000,10000!XY,YZ,andXZfailureshearstresses TBLISTTBTEMP,200!Secondtemperature TBDATA,...

FC,1,TEMP,,100,200!Temperatures FC,1,S,XTEN,1500,1200!Maximumstresscomponents FC,1,S,YTEN,400,500 FC,1,S,ZTEN,10000,8000 FC,1,S,XY,200,200 FC,1,S,YZ,10000,8000 FC,1,S,XZ,10000,8000 FCLIST,,100!ListstatusofFailureCriteriaat100.0degrees FCLIST,,150!ListstatusofFailureCriteriaat150.0degrees FCLIST,,200!ListstatusofFailureCriteriaat200.0degrees PRNSOL,S,FAIL!UseFailureCriteria

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FailureCriteria
TheTBcommands(TB,TBTEMP,andTBDATA)canbeusedonly forSHELL91,SHELL99,SOLID46,orSOLID191,buttheFCand FCLISTcommandscanbeusedforany2Dor3Dstructuralsolid elementorany3Dstructuralshellelement.

Somenotesaboutspecifyingfailurecriteria:
Thecriteriaareorthotropic,soyoumustinputthefailurestressor failurestrainvaluesforalldirections.(Theexceptionisthat compressivevaluesdefaulttotensilevalues.) Ifyoudon'twantthefailurestressorstraintobecheckedina particulardirection,specifyalargenumberinthatdirection Userwrittenfailurecriteriamaybespecifiedviausersubroutines USRFC1throughUSRFC6.Thesesubroutinesshouldbelinked withtheANSYSprogrambeforehand

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Pre&PostProcessingCommands
LAYLISTliststhelayerstackingsequencefromrealconstantsandanytwo materialproperties
SHELL99,SHELL91,SOLID46,andSOLID191elements

LAYPLOTdisplaysthelayerstackingsequencefromrealconstantsinthe formofasheareddeckofcards.
Thelayersarecrosshatchedandcolorcodedforclarity. Thehatchlinesindicatethelayerangle(realconstantTHETA)andthecolor indicateslayermaterialnumber(MAT).

SECPLOTdisplaysthesectionstackingsequencefromsectionsintheformof asheareddeckofcards
Thesectionsarecrosshatchedandcolorcodedforclarity. Thehatchlinesindicatethelayerangle(THETA)andthecolorindicateslayer materialnumber(MAT)definedbytheSECDATAcommand.

UsetheLAYERcommandinPOST1(orLAYERP26inPOST26)tospecify thelayernumberforwhichresultsaretobeprocessed. TheSHELLcommandspecifiesaTOP,MID,orBOTlocationwithinthelayer

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Interlaminarshearstresses
Interlaminarshearstressesareusuallyimportantatthe freeedgesofamodel. Forrelativelyaccurateinterlaminarshearstressesatthese locations,theelementsizeattheboundariesofthemodel shouldbeapproximatelyequaltothetotallaminate thickness. Forshells,increasingthenumberoflayersperactual materiallayerdoesnotnecessarilyimprovetheaccuracy ofinterlaminarshearstresses.

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Interlaminarshearstresses
WithelementsSOLID46,SOLID95,SOLSH190and SOLID191,however,stackingelementsinthethickness directionshouldresultinmoreaccurateinterlaminar stressesthroughthethickness. Interlaminartransverseshearstressesinshellelements arebasedontheassumptionthatnosheariscarriedat thetopandbottomsurfacesoftheelement. Theseinterlaminarshearstressesareonlycomputedin theinteriorandarenotvalidalongtheshellelement boundaries. Useofshelltosolidsubmodelingisrecommendedto accuratelycomputeallofthefreeedgeinterlaminar stresses.
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0/90SymmetricCompositeExample

EX=171GPa EY=3.42GPa EZ=3.42GPa PRXY=0.25 PRYZ=0.25 PRXZ=0.25 GXY=3.42GPa GYZ=1.37GPa GXZ=1.37GPa

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0/90SymmetricCompositeExample

SolidShell190 h/L=0.2#layers:30

SolidShell190 h/L=0.06#layers:12
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LayeredsectionDefinitionExample LayeredsectionDefinitionExample

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LayeredsectionDefinitionExample

SECPLOTCommand

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LayeredsectionDefinitionExample

ElementStressresultforlayer5 Nodaldisplacementresults

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InterfaceDelaminationandFailure InterfaceDelaminationandFailure

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InterfaceDelaminationandFailure
Aninterfaceexistsanywheretwomaterialsarejoined together. Theinterfacebetweenthelayersofacomposite structureisofspecialinterest,becausewhenthistype ofstructureissubjectedtocertaintypesofexternal loading,thefailureprocess(delamination)takesona uniquecharacter. Interfacedelaminationistraditionallysimulatedusing fracturemechanicsmethods,suchasnodalrelease technique. Alternatively,youcanusethecohesivezonemodelto simulateinterfacedelaminationandotherfracture pheneomenon.
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CohesizeZoneModel
Thisapproachintroducesfailuremechanismsbyusingthe hardeningsofteningrelationshipsbetweentheseparationsand incorporatingthecorrespondingtractionsacrosstheinterface. Thistechniqueisalsowellsuitedformodelingthefracture processinahomogenousmedium,sincefracturecanbe viewedasaseparationprocessbetweentwosurfaces Interfacedelaminationandfailuresimulationisperformedby firstseparatingthemodelintotwocomponentsorgroupsof elements. Acohesivezoneisthendefinedbetweenthesetwogroups. ANSYSoffersasetofinterfaceelementsdesignedspecifically torepresentthecohesivezonebetweenthecomponentsandto accountfortheseparationacrosstheinterface.

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CohesiveElementsandMaterial
202 L K L 203 N K

I K L 205 J I M N O

M K L W V

O R

204 X U I M Q J

Interfaceelementswithzerothickness

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InterfaceElements
Elements Characteristics 2D,linear 2D,quadratic 3D,quadratic 3D,linear Interface Element INTER202 INTER203 INTER204 INTER205

StructuralElements PLANE42,VISCO106, PLANE182 PLANE2,PLANE82, VISCO88,PLANE183 SOLID92,SOLID95, SOLID186,SOLID187 SOLID45,SOLID46, SOLID64,SOLID65, SOLID185,SOLSH190

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CohesiveElementandMaterial Elementcharacteristics
T

Primaryinterestin d tension/opening Separationbehavioris describedbyatraction separationlaw Accountsforcontactwitha simplepenaltyapproach Workswithcontactelements forbettercontactmodeling

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CohesiveElementandMaterial
Materialdefinition
Materialmodelparameters s d max d n t

Cohesivezonemodel
Exponentialmodel Surfacepotential

Datainput TB,CZM,mat,ntemp,npts,EXPO TBDATA,1,c1,c2,c3 max C1 s C2 d Tractionacrossthesurface n C3 d t dn d 2 - t exp - dn f )= e maxdn1- 1+ exp ( s d d d 2 n n t T

T =

f( )
ANSYS,Inc.Proprietary

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InterfaceDelaminationExample Problemdescription
U

h:3mm

a:30mm U Length:100mm Width:20mm

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Reference: Alfano,G.andCrisfield,M.A.,Finiteelementinterfacemodelsforthe delaminationanalysisoflaminatedcomposites:mechanicalandcomputational issues,InternationalJournalforNumericalMethodsinEngineering,2001, 50:17011736.

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InterfaceDelaminationExample

CohesiveZoneModeling

CohesiveZoneElements
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InterfaceDelaminationExample InterfaceDelaminationExample

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InterfaceDelaminationExample

Comparision

6.00E+01

Elementlength:0.4mm

C1=37N/mm^2,C2=0.0025mm ElementType:Inter202 5.00E+01

ReactionForceFy(N)

C1=25N/mm^2,C2=0.004mm ElementType:Inter202
Elementlength:0.5mm

4.00E+01

Referenceresults
Elementlength:1mm

3.00E+01

C1=25N/mm^2,C2=0.004mm ElementType:Inter205
Elementlength:0.5mm

2.00E+01

1.00E+01

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.00E+00 2.00E+00 3.00E+00 4.00E+00 5.00E+00 6.00E+00 DisplacementUy(mm) 7.00E+00 8.00E+00 9.00E+00

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ANSYSFibersimInterface ANSYSFibersimInterface

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ANSYSFibersimInterface
VISTAGY,Inc.developsandmarketstheFiberSIMsuiteofsoftware forcompositedesignandmanufacturing. www.vistagy.com/products/fibersim.htm Bysupportingthecompositeengineeringprocessfromtheearly stagesofdesignallthewaythroughtomanufacturing,FiberSIM enablesengineerstofullyexploitthesematerialsquicklyandcost effectively. FiberSIMprovidesCADintegratedsoftwaresolutionsfor:

2005ANSYS,Inc.

Managingplies Assessingproducibility Creatingflatpatterns Generatingpropertiesforanalysis Producingdesigndocumentation Generatingoffsetlaminatesurfaces Exportingflatpatternstomanufacturing Programminglaserprojectionsystems Interfacingwithfiberplacementmachines

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FiberSIMInterface
TheFiberSIMAnalysisinterfaceprovidesacompleteand detaileddescriptionofthefinalpartdesign,enabling accurateverificationofthepart'sperformance Ithasgeometryavailableusing.xmlfilethathasthe followinginformationavailable:
Namesofalllayers Whichlayersareused(notdroppedoff) Theorientationangleofalllayers

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XMLFileFormat
<?xmlversion="1.0"?> <Laminate_LayupPART_NAME="TEST1"> <OrientationXYZ="0.00.00.0"/> <PlyNAME="STEEL"> <Mesh_Point_TableCOUNT="4" RECORD="XYZ"> 0.0000000.0000000.000000<R/> 30.0000000.0000000.000000<R/> 0.00000030.0000000.000000<R/> 300000030.0000000.000000<R/> </Mesh_Point_Table> <Mesh_Polygon_TableCOUNT="2" RECORD="NODES,WARP,WEFT"> 123,0.200000,1.745329<R/> 423,0.200000,1.745329<R/> </Mesh_Polygon_Table> </Ply> ...moreplys </Laminate_Layup>
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XMLFile TheXMLfilehasthefollowinginformation available:

Thenamesofalllayers Whichlayersareused(notdroppedoff)atany onepoint Theorientationangleofalllayersusedatany onepoint

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FibreSimInterfacecontd.
TheXMLfiledoesnotdescribethelaminate completely.Alsoneededare:
Layerthicknesses Layermaterialproperties

TheseareprovidedusingtheSECDATAandMP commandsinANSYS.

sect,4,shell,fibersim,lamin1 secd,0.2,1,,,layer1 secd,1.0,2,,,layer2

SHELL99andSHELL181aresupported

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OtherInputinformation Additionally,thefollowinginputareavailable:
Offsetselection Addedmassperunitarea DistanceandangletolerancesbetweentheFS modelandtheANSYSmodel Debugoutputkeys

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FibersimMultilayerInput FibersimMultilayerInput

P002

P003

P001, P006

P004
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P005
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ANSYSFibersimInterfaceExample
t1=1.0e3 ! !************ImportFiberSIMdata******* ! sect,1,shell,fibersim,xml_filename ! secd,t1,1,,,P001 secd,t1,1,,,P002 secd,t1,1,,,P003 secd,t1,1,,,P004 secd,t1,1,,,P005 secd,t1,1,,,P006 ! secr,xml_filename,xml secn,1 ! thicktol=t1*50 edgetol=100 angtol=180 secc,,,,,,,,,thicktol,edgetol,angtol,0
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ANSYSShellMesh

DisplacementResults
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Conclusion
ANSYSoffersarangeofcapabilityforcompositesanalysis Traditionalcompositescapabilityincludesshell,solidandbeam elementswithadvancedsectiondefinitionandfailurecriteria specificationcapability Advanceddelaminationmodelingcapabilitythroughcohesive zoneelementsextendsthecompositescapabilityincludefailure modeling InterfacetoFibersimbringscompositesanalysisinANSYS closertoCADdesignandmanufacturingbyprovidingexact fiberorientationsforuseingeneratinglaminateproperties

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