Let An be a sequence of sets.

Define as Limsup An = {x / x An for infinitely many n} and Lim inf An = { x / x An for all but finitely many n} Since all but finitely many is infinite liminf An limsup An 1. Lim sup An = Proof Let Bn =

A
n k n
k

A
k n

.x Bn x Ak for some k n. If there are only finitely of which x is an element then we can choose an

many sets

An1 , An2 ,... An p

m = max {n1, n2,np}. For n> m x An and hence x Bn .which is a contradiction to the assumption x Bn for all n. Thus If x in infinitely many An. Conversely if is in An for infinitely many n, then x Bn for all n and hence x

A
n k n

, then x is

A
n k n

Hence Limsup An = {x / x An for infinitely many n} =

A
n k n

2. lim inf An =

A
n k n

Proof : Define Cn =

A
k n

Suppose x is not in a finite number of sets i.e for n1, n2,.. np chose m > . max( n1. np). . x Cm. Hence x

C
n

A
n k n

Conversely, x Ak x Cn for some n x Ak for all k > n there are

n k n

only a finite number of sets, of which x is not a member, in the sequence. Hence the result.

Example 1 Let An = A for n even and B for n odd. See that Limsup An = AB and liminf An = AB

1 1 .1+ ) n n Show limsup An = liminf An = (0,1] . Hence lim An = A

Example 2. Let An = (

Even if An any of the four types of intervals see the results are the same.