L THUYT 1. Khi qut v hp cht hu c - Hp cht hu c l hp cht c cha cacbon (tr NH4HCO3, (NH2)2CO, (NH4)2CO3, CaCO3,..) 2.

Mt s khi nim trong ha hc hu c (1) Cng thc n gin, cng thc nguyn, cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to CTG CTN CTPT CTCT CxHyOzNt (CxHyOzNt)n CxHyOzNt l dng khai trin th (x, y, z, t l n l h s nguyn (x, y, z, t l bi s hin trt t lin kt ca cc cc s nguyn ti (12x+y+16z+14t).n ca x, y, z, t) nguyn t trong phn t. gin) = MA (2) ng ng, ng phn ng ng - L cc cht c cng nhm chc (-OH, -CHO, -COOH, -NH2) hn km nhau mt hoc nhiu nhm -CH2 (metilen). - Cc cht ng ng c tnh cht ha hc ging nhau. VD: dy ng ng ca ancol etylic CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH,, CnH2n+1OH. ng phn - L cc cht cng CTPT nhng khc nhau v CTCT. - Cc cht ng phn c tnh cht ha hc khc nhau. VD: cng CTPT C2H6O c cc ng phn CH3-CH2OH CH3-O-CH3 Ancol etylic imetyl ete

(3) ng phn cu to, ng phn lp th (ng phn hnh hc, ng phn cis-trans,) - ng phn bao gm: ng phn cu to v ng phn lp th. - ng phn cu to: l nhng cht c cng CTPT nhng CTCT khc nhau. - ng phn lp th gm cc dng: ng phn cis-trans hay ng phn hnh hc hay ng phn cu hnh hay ng phn E-Z miu t hng ca nhm chc trong mt phn t. - iu kin c ng phn Cis-Trans: -C ni i hoc vng. -2 nhm th ( hoc ngt) cng cacbon phi khc nhau. -2 nhm th (hoc ngt) hai cacbon ni i phi khc nhau.

Cis-2-buten

Trans-2-buten

(4) Hp cht no, khng no, mch h, mch vng Hp cht no Hp cht khng no Mch h Mch vng l hp cht ch cha ngoi lin kt n cn cc nguyn t khng cc nguyn t lin lin kt n (). c lin kt i (=), lin kt to thnh kt to thnh mch lin kt ba (). mch kn. kn. H HCH H Metan CH2=CH2 Etilen HCCH Axetilen CH2=CH-CH3 Propilen

Xiclopropan

(5) Nhm chc, n chc, a chc, tp chc Nhm chc n chc a chc Tp chc L nhm nguyn - Ch cha mt nhm - Cha nhiu nhm - Cha nhiu nhm chc t gy nn tnh chc. chc ging nhau. khc nhau. cht c trng - VD: C2H5OH, - VD: C2H4(OH)2, - VD: HOCH2COOH, ca hp cht. CH3COOH, CH2(COOH)2, NH2CH2COOH 6) Bc ca cacbon: bc ca cacbon l s nguyn t cacbon lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon . Trong phn t hp cht hu c, nguyn t cacbon c gi l cacbon bc mt, bc hai, bc ba hay bc bn tu theo nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi mt, hai, ba hoc bn nguyn t cacbon khc.

3. Lp cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c A (CxHyOzNt) (1) Phn tch nh tnh: xc nh cc nguyn t to nn hp cht. (2) Phn tch nh lng: xc nh %, m hoc mol ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht. - Tm s mol v khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong A nC = nCO2 + nCaCO3 + mC = 12.nC nH = 2.nH2O mH = n H nN = 2.nN2 mN = 14.nN nO = (mA mC mH mN):16 m O = mA m C m H m N K .mct .1000 mA - Cng thc tm MA: MA = dA/B.MB hoc MA = hoc MA = nA mdm .t

(3) Lp cng thc phn t da vo s liu phn tch nh lng - Cch 1: 12 x y 16 z 14t M A = = = = x, y, z, t CTPT l CxHyOzNt mC mH mO mN mA 12 x y 16 z 14t M A = = = = x, y, z, t CTPT l CxHyOzNt %C % H %O % N 100 - Cch 2: m m m m x : y : z : t = C : H : O : N = x: y: z: t 12 1 16 14

%C % H %O % N : : : = x: y: z: t 12 1 16 14 CTPT c dng: (CxHyOzNt)n vi (12x+y+16z+14t).n = MA tm n 4. c im cu to v tnh cht c trng ca HCHC Cu to Tnh cht vt l Tnh cht ho hc Lin kt cng Hp cht hu c c nhit - a s hp cht hu c u d chy, km ho tr l ch nng chy, nhit si thp bn vi nhit, d b nhit phn. yu. (d bay hi), thng khng tan - Phn ng ca cc hp cht hu c hoc t tan trong nc, d tan thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton, trong dung mi hu c. khng theo mt hng nht nh, cn un nng hoc xc tc. Hoc x: y : z :t = 5. Cc phng php tinh ch HCHC (1) Phng php chng ct: khi hn hp cc cht lng hoc rn c to nng chy, to si khc nhau. (2) Phng php chit: khi hn hp cc cht lng khng trn ln vo nhau. (3) Phng php kt tinh: khi cht cn tch c tan khc bit so vi cc cht trong hn hp. 6. Phn loi HCHC (1) Hidrocacbon: mch h (no, khng no), mch vng (no, khng no)
Hirocacbon

HC mch h

HC mch vng

HC no H HCH H Metan

HC khng no 1 ni i CH2=CH2 Etilen

HC khng no 2 ni i tr ln H2C=CHCH=CH2 Butaien-1,3

HC khng no 1 ni ba HCCH Axetilen

HC vng no (ch c ni n)

HC vng thm (vng benzen)

HC vng khng no

(2) Dn xut hidrocacbon (hp cht c nhm chc): ancol v ete; andehit v xeton; axit v este; amin, amino axit Hp cht hu c c nhm chc

Ancolru CH3-CH2OH

Phenol OH

Anehit H-CHO (anehit formic) 4

Xeton CH3-CCH3

Axit cacboxylic CH3-COOH (axit axetic)

Amin CH3NH2 (metyl amin)

(ru etilic)

OH gn ln vng Ru thm CH2OH

CH3-CHO (anehit axetic) Hay: O CH3

C H

O (axeton)

Hay:
O C

CH3 Este

OH

Amino axit NH2CH2CO OH (-amino axetic)

Ete CH3-OCH3 (imetylet e)

CH3-COOCH3 (metyl axetat) OH khng gn ln vng

7. Cng thc cu to v gi tn ca HCHC (1) Cch vit cng thc cu to - S lin kt () xung quanh mi nguyn t bng vi ha tr ca nguyn t. Lin kt n () c tn gi lin kt xicma (lin kt xicma l mt loi lin kt bn). Lin kt i (=) gm 1 lin kt xicma (bn) v 1 lin kt pi (km bn). Lin kt i () gm 1 lin kt xicma (bn) v 2 lin kt pi (km bn). - Ha tr ca mt s nguyn t trong hp cht hu c:

Ha tr I: H, F, Cl, Br, I, K, Na, Ha tr II: O, S, Ca, Ba, Ha tr III: N, P, Fe, Al, Ha tr IV: C, Si,

- Vit mch C, b nhnh, di chuyn ni i, ni ba, to vng, thay i nhm chc, - Cng thc tnh (s lin kt pi + vng) ca CxHyOzNtXr (X l halogen) 2x + 2 + t y r S lin kt pi + vng = 2 Ch : - Cng thc tnh s lin kt pi + vng ch p dng cho hp cht cng ha tr. - Cc nguyn t ha tr II nh oxi, lu hunh khng nh hng ti bt bo ha. - Mt s dng cng thc thng gp: CnH2n+2 (ch cha ni n, gm mch thng v nhnh) CnH2n (c 1 ni i hoc vng v nhnh) CnH2n-2 (c 1 ni ba hoc 2 ni i hoc 1 ni i 1 vng v nhnh) CnH2n-6 (cha vng benzen v nhnh) CxHyO (dng R-OH; R-O -R, R-CHO, R-CO-R) CxHyO2 (dng R-COOH, R-COO -R, HO-R-CHO..) CxHyN (dng R-NH2; R1-NH-R2,) CxHyNO2 (dng NH2RCOOH, RCOONH3R) CxHyNO3 (dng RNH3-HCO3, RCOO-NH3ROH, HORCOO-NH3R,) CxHyN2O3 (dng RNH3NO3, (RNH3)2CO3, NH2RNH3-HCO3) (2) Cch gi tn: tn thng v tn h thng ( gm tn thay th, tn gc chc) - Tn thng thng: c gn lin vi qu trnh tm ra hp cht. - Tn h thng IUPAC (a) Tn gc chc: tn phn gc + tn phn nh chc Tn gc Tn phn nh chc Gc Tn Gc Tn Chc Tn Chc Tn -CH3 Metyl -C2H3 Vinyl -F Florua -Oete -C2H5 Etyl -C3H5 Anlyl -Cl Clorua -CHO ---C3H7 Propyl -C6H5 Phenyl -Br Bromua -CO---C4H9 Butyl Benzyl -I Iotua -COOH --CH2C6H5 -CnH2n+1 Ankyl -OH ic -COO--(b) Tn thay th: s ch v tr - tn phn th | mch chnh - s ch v tr - tn phn nh chc - S ch v tr: l cc s t nhin 1, 2, 3, 4(s v ch cch nhau bng du ) - Tn phn th -CH3 Metyl -C2H3 Vinyl -F Flo -C2H5 Etyl -C3H5 Anlyl -Cl Clo -C3H7 Propyl -C6H5 Phenyl -Br Brom -C4H9 Butyl Benzyl -I Iot CH2C6H5 -CnH2n+1 Ankyl - Tn mch chnh - Mch chnh l mch C di nht nhiu nhnh nht c nhm chc, ni i, ni ba. - nh s t pha c nhm chc, ni i, ni ba hoc nhiu nhnh nht.

- Tn chc Chc = vng no Tn an en in Xiclo (ng u) Chc -OH -CHO -CO-COOH -NH2 Tn ol al on oic amin

8. Phn loi phn ng hu c v cc quy tc phn ng (1) Phn ng th (quy tc th): - Th ngoi vng benzen: cn c nh sng v u tin th H ca C bc cao to sn phm chnh. - Th trn vng benzen: cn xc tc bt Fe/to v sn phm ph thuc vo nhm X c trn vng. X o - X l nhm no (nhm y electron: -NH2, -OH, e -CH3, -C2H5,.. -CnH2n+1) s d th vo ortho v para m (o, p).

p - X l nhm khng no (nhm ht electron: -NO2, -CHO, -COOH, -CH=CH2,..) s d th vo mta (m). (2) Phn ng cng (quy tc cng Maconhicop): H+ vo C ni i, ni ba bc thp (C t H) X- (-OH, -Cl, -Br,) vo C ni i, ni ba cn li to sn phm chnh. (3) Phn ng tch (quy tc cng Zaixep): X- (-OH, -Cl, -Br,) s tch cng vi H+ ca C bc cao bn cnh to ni i, ni ba l sn phm chnh. BI TP I CNG HA HC HU C Dng 1: Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC Bi 1. t chy hon ton 0,92 g HCHC thu c 1,76 g CO2 v 1,08 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC. 8

Bi 2. t chy hon ton 7,75 g vitamin C (cha C, H, O) thu c 11,62 g CO2 v 3,17 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong phn t vitamin C. Bi 3. Oxi ho hon ton 0,6 g HCHC A thu c 0,672 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 0,72 g H2O. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 4. Oxi ho hon ton 0,135 g HCHC A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH, th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng ln 0,117 g, bnh 2 tng thm 0,396 g. th nghim khc, khi nung 1,35 g hp cht A vi CuO th thu c 112 ml (ktc) kh nit. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 5. Oxi ho hon ton 0,46 g HCHC A, dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,54 g bnh 2 tng 0,88 g. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 6. A l mt cht hu c ch cha 2 nguyn t. Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,50 g cht A ngi ta thy to thnh 3,60 g H2O. Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca cht A. Bi 7. Khi oxi ho hon ton 5,00 g mt cht hu c, ngi ta thu c 8,40 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 4,5 g H2O. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht hu c . Bi 8. t chy hon ton 2,50 g cht A phi dng va ht 3,36 lt O 2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O, trong khi lng CO2 hn khi lng H2O l 3,70 g. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong A. Bi 9. Oxi ho hon ton 6,15 g cht hu c X, ngi ta thu c 2,25 g H 2O; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc). Dng 2: Lp CTPT hp cht hu c Bi 1. Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nilon 6. Bi 2. Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162. Bi 3. t chy hon ton 5,6 g HCHC A thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 3,6 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 28. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 4. t chy hon ton 0,30 g cht A (cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 g CO2 v 0,18 g H2O. Th tch hi ca ca 0,30 g cht A bng th tch ca 0,16g kh oxi ( cng k v nhit v p sut). Xc nh CTPT ca cht A. Bi 5. T tinh du hi, ngi ta tch c anetol mt cht thm c dng sn xut ko cao su. Anetol c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy, anetol c %C = 81,08%; %H = 8,10% cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN v CTPT ca anetol. Bi 6. Hp cht X c phn tm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 54,54%; 9,10% v 36,36%. Khi lng mol phn t ca X bng 88. Xc nh CTPT ca X. Bi 7. T tinh du chanh ngi ta tch c cht limonen thuc loi hirocacbon c hm lng nguyn t H l 11,765%. Hy tm CTPT ca limonen, bit t khi hi ca limonen so vi heli bng 34. Bi 8. t chy hon ton HCHC A cn va 6,72 lt O2 ( ktc) thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 5,4 g H2O. Bit t khi hi ca A so vi khng kh gn bng 1,0345. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 9. t chy hon ton 2,20 g cht hu c X ngi ta thu c 4,40 g CO2 v 1,80 g H2O. 1. Xc nh CTGN ca cht X. 2. Xc nh CTPT cht X bit rng nu lm bay hi 1,10 g cht X th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 0,40 g kh oxi cng k nhit v p sut. Bi 10. t chy hon ton 2,85 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng 44 : 15. 1. Xc nh CTGN ca X. 2. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng th khi hi ca X i vi C2H6 l 3,80. * Bi 11. t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy gm c 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca X. 9

Bi 12. HCHC A c thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau: C chim 24,24%; H chim 4,04%; Cl chim 71,72%. 1. Xc nh CTGN ca A. 2. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A i vi CO2 l 2,25. Bi 13. Tm CTPT cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau: 1. t chy hon ton 10 g hp cht, thu c 33,85 g CO2 v 6,94 g H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi KK l 2,69. 2. t chy 0,282 g hp cht v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH thy bnh ng CaCl2 khan tng thm 0,194 g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,80 g. Mt khc t chy 0,186 g cht , thu c 22,4 ml nit ( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t nit. Bi 14. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 g CO 2 v 0,09 g H2O. Khi xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dd AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 g AgCl. Bi 15. Phn tch mt HCHC cho thy: c 2,1 phn khi lng C li c 2,8 phn khi lng O v 0,35 phn khi lng H. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c trn bit 1,00 g hi cht ktc chim th tch 373,3 cm3. Bi 16. t chy hon ton 0,9 g HCHC A thu c 1,32 g CO2 v 0,54 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 45. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 17. t chy hon ton 100 ml hi cht A cn 250 ml oxi to ra 200 ml CO2 v 200 ml hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut. Bi 18. Khi t 1 lt kh A cn 5 lt oxi sau p thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut. Bi 19. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn d cn trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%, cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN, CTPT ca metylgenol. Bi 20: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: a. Tnh phn nguyn t: 85,8%C; 14,2%H; d A/H2 = 28 b. 51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O; dA/KK = 4,035 S: C4H8; C5H11O2N Bi 21: Tm CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau: a. t chy 0,6g cht hu c A th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,36g H2O v d A/H2 = 30 b. t chy 7g cht hu c B th thu c 11,2 lt CO 2 (kc) v 9g H2O. Khi lng ring ca B kc l 1,25g/l c. t chy hon ton 10g cht hu c C thu c 33,85g CO2 v 6,94g H2O. T khi hi ca C so vi khng kh l 2,69. S: C2H4O2; C2H4; C6H6 Bi 22: t chy hon ton m(g) mt Hydrocacbon A th thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc) v 3,6g H2O. a. Tnh m v % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ? b. Xc nh CTN; CTPT ca A bit d A/H2 = 8 S: 1,6g; 75%; 25%; CH4 Bi 23: Tm CTN v CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau: a. t chy 0,176g hp cht A sinh ra 0,352g CO2 v 0,144g H2O. Bit dA/KK = 1,52. b. Phn tch 0,31g cht hu c B (C; H; N) th thu c 0,12g C v 0,05g H. Bit d B/H2 = 15,5 c. Phn tch cht hu c D th thy c 3 phn khi lng C th c 0,5 phn khi lng H v 4 phn khi lng O. Bit d D/H2 = 30 S: C2H4O; CH5N; C2H4O2 10

Bi 24: t chy hon ton 0,9g mt cht hu c c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t C, H, O ngi ta thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O. Khi lng phn t cht l 180vC. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c ni trn ? S: C6H12O6 Bi 25: t chy hon ton 5,2g hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh H2SO4 th khi lng bnh tng 1,8g v qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 15g kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit d A/O2 = 3,25 S: C3H4O4 Bi 26: t chy hon ton mt lng Hydrocacbon A ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh mt tng 0,36g v bnh hai c 2g kt ta trng. a. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ? b. Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 0,965 ? c. Nu ta thay i th t hai bnh trn th tng khi lng mi bnh ra sao sau th nghim ? S: 85,71%; 14,29%; C2H4; tng 1,24g v khng i Bi 27: t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c (A) ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh mt tng 3,6g v bnh hai c 30g kt ta trng. Khi ha hi 5,2g (A) thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6g kh O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) ? S: C3H4O4 Bi 28: t chy 0,45g cht hu c A ri cho ton b sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 112 cm3 N2 (kc) thot ra khi bnh, khi lng bnh tng 1,51g v c 2g kt ta trng. a. Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit rng 0,225g A khi th kh chim mt th tch ng bng th tch chim bi 0,16g O2 o cng iu kin ? b. Tnh khi lng Oxy cn cho phn ng chy ni trn ? S: C2H7N; 1,2g Bi 29: t chy hon ton 3,2g mt cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh tng 13,44g v c 24g kt ta. Bit dA/KK = 1,38. Xc nh CTPT ca A ? S: C3H4 Bi 30: t chy hon ton 0,6g cht hu c A ri cho sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d thy c 2g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24g. a. Tm CTN ca A ? b. Tm CTPT ca A bit 3g A c th tch bng th tch ca 1,6g O2 trong cng iu kin ? S: C2H4O2 Bi 31: t chy hon ton 2,46g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh mt cha H2SO4 v bnh hai cha Ca(OH)2 d thy thot ra 224ml N2 (kc) v khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh hai tng 5,28g. a. Tm CTN ca A ? b. Tm CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 4,242 ? S: C6H5O2N Bi 32: t chy hon ton 0,369g hp cht hu c A sinh ra 0,2706g CO2 v 0,2214g H2O. un nng cng lng cht A ni trn vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong A thnh NH 3 ri dn kh NH3 ny vo 10ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. trung ha lng H2SO4 cn d ta cn dng 15,4ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit phn t lng ca n l 60vC ? S: CH4ON2 11

Bi 33: t chy 0,282g hp cht hu c v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl2 tng thm 0,194g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,8g. Mt khc t 0,186g cht hu c thu c 22,4ml N2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca hp cht hu c bit rng trong phn t cht hu c ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ? S: C6H7N Bi 34: t chy hon ton 0,4524g hp cht hu c (A) sinh ra 0,3318g CO2 v 0,2714g H2O. un nng 0,3682g cht (A) vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong (A) thnh NH 3 ri dn NH3 vo 20ml dd H2SO4 0,5M. trung ha axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7ml dd NaOH 1M. Hy a. Tnh % cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c (A) ? b. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) bit rng (A) c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC ? S: 20%; 6,67%; 46,77%; 26,56%; CH4ON2 Bi 35: Khi t 1 lt kh (A) cn 5 lt Oxy, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) bit cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut ? S: C3H8 Bi 36: t chy hon ton 100ml hi cht (A) cn 250ml Oxy to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc. Tm CTPT ca (A) bit rng cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut ? S: C2H4O Bi 37: Trn 10ml Hydrocacbon A vi 60ml O2 (d) ri t. Sau phn ng lm lnh thu c 40ml hn hp kh, tip tc cho hn hp kh qua nc vi trong d th cn 10ml kh. Tm CTPT ca A ? Bit rng tt c cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. S: C8H12 Bi 38: t 200cm3 hi mt cht hu c cha C; H; O trong 900cm3 O2 (d). Th tch sau phn ng l 1,3 lt sau cho nc ngng t cn 700cm3 v sau khi cho qua dung dch KOH cn 100cm3. Xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c ? Bit rng cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. S: C3H6O Bi 39: Trn 400ml hn hp kh gm N 2 v mt Hydrocacbon A vi 900ml O2 (d) ri t chy. Th tch hn hp kh v hi sau khi t chy l 1,4 lt. Lm ngng t hi nc th cn li 800ml kh. Cho kh ny li qua dung dch KOH d th cn 400ml. Cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Tm CTPT ca A ? S: C2H6 Bi 40: Trn 10ml mt Hydrocacbon kh vi mt lng O2 d ri lm n hn hp ny bng tia la in. Lm cho hi nc ngng t th th tch ca hn hp sau phn ng thua th tch ban u 30ml. Phn kh cn li cho qua dung dch KOH th th tch hn hp gim i 40ml na. Xc nh CTPT ca Hydrocacbon bit rng cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. S: C4H8 Bi 41: t chy 5,8g cht hu c A th thu c 2,65g Na2CO3 v 2,25g H2O v 12,1g CO2. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng trong phn t A ch cha mt nguyn t Natri ? S: C6H5ONa Bi 42: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C; H; Cl sinh ra 0,44g CO 2 v 0,18g H2O. Mt khc khi phn tch cng lng cht c mt ca AgNO3 thu c 2,87g AgCl. a. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c ? b. Xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c bit d CHC/H2 = 42,5 ? S: CH2Cl2 Bi 43: t chy hon ton 1,5g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng CaCl2 v bnh hai ng dung dch KOH th khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh hai tng 1,76g. 12

Mt khc khi nh lng 3g A bng phng php uyma th thu c 448ml N 2 (kc). Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 2,59 ? S: C2H5O2N Bi 44: Tm CTN v CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: a. Phn tch A th thy: mC : mH : mO = 4,5 : 0,75 : 4 v 10 lt hi A kc nng 33g. b. Oxy ha hon ton mt Hydrocacbon B bng CuO un nng. Khi phn ng xong thu c 1,44g H2O v nhn thy khi lng ca CuO gim 3,84g v d B/N2 = 2 . S: C3H6O2; C4H8 Bi 45: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: Bit rng cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. a. Khi t 1 lt kh A th cn 5 lt O2 v sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. b. t chy 100ml hi cht B cn 250ml O2 to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc. S: C3H8; C2H4O Bi 46: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: a. Mt cht hu c c khi lng phn t bng 26vC. Khi t chy cht hu c ch thu c CO 2 v H2O. b. t chy mt Hydrocacbon th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,45g H2O. S: C2H2; C4H10 Bi 47: t chy hon ton 0,59g cht hu c A cha C; H; N th thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,81g H2O v 112ml N2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca A bit d A/O2 = 1,84 ? S: C3H9N Bi 48*: t 0,366g hp cht hu c (A) thu c 0,792g CO 2 v 0,234g H2O. Mt khc phn hy 0,549g cht (A) thu c 37,42g cm3 Nit (270C v 750mmHg). Tm CTPT ca (A) bit rng trong phn t ca (A) ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ? S: C9H13O3N Bi 49*: t chy hon ton 0,01mol cht hu c (B) bng mt lng Oxy va l 0,616 lt th thu c 1,344 lt hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi lm ngng t hi nc, hn hp kh cn li chim th tch 0,56 lt v c t khi i vi Hydro bng 20,4. Xc nh CTPT ca (B) bit rng cc th tch kh o trong iu kin tiu chun v (B) ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ? S: C2H7O2N Bi 50*: Khi t 18g mt hp cht hu c phi dng 16,8 lt oxy (kc) v thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc vi t l th tch l VCO2 :VH2O = 3:2 . T khi hi ca hp cht hu c i vi Hydro l 36. Hy xc nh CTPT ca hp cht ? S: C3H4O2

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