_p” Rudolf F. Graf's > 4 William Sheets Encyclopedia oEncyclopedia of ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS Volume 6To Russell May you always be as self-confident. as you are today. Patent notice Purchasers and other users of this book are advised that several projects de- scribed hercin could be proprietary devices covered by letters patent owned or ap- plied for. Their inclusion in this book does not, by implication or otherwise, grant any license under such patents or patent rights for commercial use, No one participating in the preparation or publication of this book assumes responsibility for any liability resulting from unlicensed use of information contained herein,Hay SN OS way gy ph — Ray pI Ol pagel y abadlt g | gh MIT 5 gy ol peal AN) OW A) fall oo eg art Bole oy ped cow 2239468 £0 2211612451161 wire — 455 Ui gles g Ub — yl — Gs E.mail:nazir@matni.com www.matni,comHALBOUNI, MOSALAMBAROUDI STR. DIAB BLDG. FL/1,P.0 BOX: 12071 DAMASCUS - SYRIA TEL:+963-11-2221 161 FAX +963 -11-2239468 E-Mail: Importers / Exporters / Distributors / Retail ers / Mail orders All kinds Electronic Components , Parts , Devices , .Encyclopedia of ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS Volume 6 Rudolf F. Graf & William Sheets McGraw-Hill New York San Francisco Washington, DC. Auckland Caracas Lisbon London Madrid) Mexico Gly. Mllan ontal Naw Bet, San Juan Singepere ‘Sydney. Tokye TorontoMcGraw-Hill A Diniion of The McGraw Fill Compurs’ ©1096 by Rudolf F. Graf & William Sheets, Published by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, Printed in the United States of America, All rights reserved. The publisher and the authors take no responsibility for the use of any of the materials or methods de- scribed in this book, nor for the products thereof, pbk 1284567890FGREGR 9009876 he 1234567890 FGRPGR 9009876 Product or brand names used in this book may be trade names or trademarks, ‘Where we believe thal there may be proprietary claims to such trade names or trademarks, the name has been used with an initial capital or it has been capitalized in the style used by the name claimant. Regardless of the capitalization used, all such names have been used in an editorial manner without any intent to convey. endorsement of or other affiliation with the name claimant. Neither the author nor the publisher intends to express any judgment as to the validity or legal status of any such proprietary claims, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Revised for vol. 6) Graf, Rudolf F. ‘The encyclopedia of electronics cireuits Authors for v. 6= Ruldolf F, Graf & Williarn Sheets. Includes bibliographical references and indexes, 1. Electronic cireuits—Eneyclopedias. 1. Sheets, Willian. I. Title TKTBO7GGS 1985 621.3815 8426772 ISBN 0-8306-0938.5 (v. 1) ISBN 0-8306-1938-0 (pbk. = ¥. 1) ISBN 0-8306-3138-0 (pbk. -v 2) ISBN 0-8306-3138-0 (v. 2) ISBN 0-8306-3348-0 (pbk. :v 3) ISBN 0-8306-7348.2 (v. 3) ISBN 0-8305-3895-4 (pbk. : v 4) ISBN 0-8306-3896-2 (v. 4) ISBN 0-07-011077-8 (pbk. : v5) ISBN 0-07-01 1076-X (#5) ISBN 0-07-011275-4 (¥. 6) ISBN 0-07-01 1276-2 (pbk. : v6) McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, McGraw-Hill, 11 West 19th Street, New York, NY 10011. Or contact your local bookstore, Acquisitions editor: Roland 8. Phelps Editorial team: Lori Flaherty, Executive Editor Andrew Yoder, Book Editor Joann Woy, Indexer Production team: Katherine G. Brown, Director Rose McFarland, Desktop Operator Nancy Mickloy, Proofreading Design team; Jaclyn J. Boone, Designer ELI Katherine Lukaszewicr, Associate Designer 112762,Contents Introduction ix 1 AGC and ALC Circuits 1 2 Air-Flow Circuits 3 Alarm and Security Circuits 7 4 Amateur Circuits 17 5 Amateur Television (ATV) Circuits 33 6 Amplifier Circuits 46 7 A/D Converter Circuits 58 8 Antenna Circuits 61 9 Attenuator Circuits 68 10 Audio Signal Amplifier Circuits 71 11 Audio Power Amplifier Circuits 83 12 Automotive Circuits 94 13 Battery Charger Circuits 105 14° Battery Monitor Circuits 114 15 Bridge Circuits 121 16 Buffer Circuits 124 17° Clock Circuits 12918 19 20 SRR 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4 47 Computer-Related Circuits Continuity Cireuits Converter Circuits Crystal Oscillator Circuits Current Source and Sink Circuits de/de Converter Circuits Decoder Circuits Delay Circuits Detector Circuits Differential Amplifier Circuits Display Circuits Driver Circuits Blectronic Lock Circuits Fiber-Optics Circuits Filter Circuits Flasher Circuits and Blinkers Flip-Flop Circuits Frequency-to-Voltage Converter Circuits Function Generator Circuits Game Circuits Humidity Sensor Circuits Indicator Circuits Infrared Circuits Instrumentation Amplifier Circuits Integrator Circuits Interface Circuits Inverter Circuits Ton Circuits Laser Circuits Light-Controlled Circuits 132 142 146 156 167 164 168 172 174 185 188 196 203 206 208 223 228 231 234 244 255 258 272 278 280 262 289 29748 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 Logic Circuits Mathematical Circuits Measuring and Test Circuits Metronome Circuits Miscellaneous Treasures Mixer Circuits Model and Hobby Circuits Modulator Circuits Morse-Code Circuits Motor-Control Circuits Multivibrator Circuits Noise Circuits Operational Amplifier Circuits ‘Oscillators (Audio) Oscillators (Miscellaneous) Oscillators (RF) Oscilloscope Circuits Photography-Related Circuits Piezo Circuits Power Line Circuits Power Supply Circuits Power Supply Circuits (High Voltage) Power Supply Circuits (Multiple Output) Power Supply Circuits (Variable Output) Probe Circuits Protection Circuits Radar Detector Circuits Radiation Detector Circuits Receiving Circuits Reference Circuits 410 417 420 425 441 460 471 476 499 506 514 520 525 527 530 534 5592SSSsQSReesesaag 92 93 94 95 96 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 Regulator Circuits Relay Circuits Sample-and-Hold Circuits Sawtooth Generator Circuits Scanner Circuits Siren, Warbler and Wailer Circuits Sound-Effects Circuits Square-Wave Generator Circuits Staircase Generator Circuits Stepper Motor Circuits Switching Circuits Syne Circuits Telephone-Related Circuits ‘Temperature-Related Circuits Timer Circuits Tone Control Circuits Touch/Proximity Control Circuits Tracer Circuits Transmitter and Transceiver Circuits Ultrasonic Circuits Video Circuits Voltage-Controlled Amplifier Circuits: Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Circuits Voltage-Measuring Circuits Waveform Generator Circuits Waveguide Circuits White-Noise Generator Circuits Sources Index About the Authors 568 $73 575 578 593 595 600 615 619 629 648 651 654 658 666 671 684 688 703 707 789Introduction The enthusiastic reception of the first five volumes of The Encyclopedia of Blec- tronic Circuits prompted the authors to produce this volurne—the sixth in the pop- ular series. ‘Taken together, the six volumes contain approximately 6000 circuits—by far the largest and broadest collection of practical electronic circuits available anywhere. As in the other volumes, the 1000+ circuits presented here are arranged alpha- betically, by category. All circuits in this volume, as well as those from the previous five volumes, are included in the index, which now has approximately 6000 entries. We express sincere appreciation to the many electronic industry sources and publishers who graciously allowed us to utilize some of their materials, ‘Their coop- eration is gratefully acknowledged. Once again, it gives us great pleasure to extend our sincerest thanks to Loretya Gonsalves-Battiste, a fine lady whose skill at the computer and willingness to work long and hard made on-time delivery of the manuscript for this book possibie. Rudolf F. Graf & William Sheets September 19951 AGC and ALC Circuits The sources of the following circuits are contained in the Sources section, which begins on page 707. The figure number in the box of each circuit correlates to the entry in the Sources section, AGC Audio Preamp 3-MHz Low-Noise AGC System IF AGC Network Audio Leveler