SQL> SQL> create table company( 2 product_id number(4) not null, 3 company_id NUMBER(8) not null, 4 company_short_name varchar2(30)

not null, 5 company_long_name varchar2(60) 6 ); Table created. SQL> insert into company values(1,1001,'A Inc.','Long Name A Inc.'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(1,1002,'B Inc.','Long Name B Inc.'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(1,1003,'C Inc.','Long Name C Inc.'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(2,1004,'D Inc.','Long Name D Inc.'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(2,1005,'E Inc.','Long Name E Inc.'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into company values(2,1006,'F Inc.','Long Name F Inc.'); 1 row created. SQL> SQL> create table product_audit( 2 product_id number(4) not null, 3 num_rows number(8) not null 4 ); Table created. SQL> SQL> SQL> 2 3 4

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER myTrigger AFTER INSERT ON company FOR EACH ROW BEGIN

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

UPDATE product_audit SET num_rows =num_rows+1 WHERE product_id =:NEW.product_id; IF (SQL%NOTFOUND) THEN INSERT INTO product_audit VALUES (:NEW.product_id,1); END IF; END; /

Trigger created. SQL> SQL> drop table product_audit; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> drop table company; Table dropped. SQL> SQL> -- create demo table SQL> create table Employee( 2 ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) primary key, 3 First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 4 Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 5 Start_Date DATE, 6 End_Date DATE, 7 Salary Number(8,2), 8 City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), 9 Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) 10 ) 11 / Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

NOT NULL

2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78, 'Vancouver','Manager') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York', 'Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York', 'Manager') 3 /

1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee 2 / ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION ---- -------------------- ----------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------01 Jason Martin JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> create or replace trigger emp_bid 2 before insert or delete 3 on employee 4 referencing new as new old as old 5 begin 6 if to_char(sysdate,'Dy') in ('Sat','Sun') then 7 raise_application_error(-20999,'No create/delete employees on weekend!'); 8 end if; 9 end; START_DAT --------- ----25-JUL-96 2521-MAR-76 2112-DEC-78 1524-OCT-82 2115-JAN-84 0830-JUL-87 0431-DEC-90 1217-SEP-96 15-

10

Trigger created. SQL> SQL> delete from employee; 8 rows deleted. SQL> SQL> select * from employee; no rows selected SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee 2 / Table dropped. Trigger For Auditing SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP( 2 EMPNO NUMBER(4) NOT NULL, 3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10), 4 JOB VARCHAR2(9), 5 MGR NUMBER(4), 6 HIREDATE DATE, 7 SAL NUMBER(7, 2), 8 COMM NUMBER(7, 2), 9 DEPTNO NUMBER(2) 10 ); Table created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(2, 'Jack', 'Tester', 6,TO_DATE('20-FEB-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1600, 300, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(3, 'Wil', 'Tester', 6,TO_DATE('22FEB-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1250, 500, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(4, 'Jane', 'Designer', 9,TO_DATE('2-APR-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2975, NULL, 20); 1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(5, 'Mary', 'Tester', 6,TO_DATE('28-SEP-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1250, 1400, 30); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(6, 'Black', 'Designer', 9,TO_DATE('1-MAY-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2850, NULL, 30); 1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7, 'Chris', 'Designer', 9,TO_DATE('9-JUN-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 2450, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(8, 'Smart', 'Helper', 4,TO_DATE('09-DEC-1982', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(9, 'Peter', 'Manager', NULL,TO_DATE('17-NOV-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 5000, NULL, 10); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(10, 'Take', 'Tester', 6,TO_DATE('8-SEP-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 1500, 0, 30); 1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(13, 'Fake', 'Helper', 4,TO_DATE('3-DEC-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'), 3000, NULL, 20); 1 row created.

SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT( 2 DEPTNO NUMBER(2), 3 DNAME VARCHAR2(14), 4 LOC VARCHAR2(13) 5 ); Table created. SQL> SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');

1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS'); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO'); 1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON'); 1 row created.

SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE DEPT$AUDIT ( 2 DEPTNO NUMBER, 3 DNAME VARCHAR2(14 byte), 4 LOC VARCHAR2(13 byte), 5 CHANGE_TYPE VARCHAR2(1 byte), 6 CHANGED_BY VARCHAR2(30 byte), 7 CHANGED_TIME DATE 8 ); SQL> SQL> 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER auditDEPTAR AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON DEPT FOR EACH ROW declare my DEPT$audit%ROWTYPE; begin if inserting then my.change_type := 'I'; elsif updating then my.change_type :='U'; else my.change_type := 'D'; end if; my.changed_by := user; my.changed_time := sysdate; case my.change_type when 'I' then my.DEPTNO := :new.DEPTNO; my.DNAME := :new.DNAME; my.LOC := :new.LOC; else my.DEPTNO := :old.DEPTNO; my.DNAME := :old.DNAME; my.LOC := :old.LOC; end case;

24 25 26 27

insert into DEPT$audit values my; end; /

Trigger created. SQL> SQL> drop table emp; Table dropped. SQL> drop table dept; Table dropped. Trigger That Output an OLD Value. SQL> SQL> 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 -- create demo table create table Employee( ID VARCHAR2(4 BYTE) First_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), Last_Name VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), Start_Date DATE, End_Date DATE, Salary Number(8,2), City VARCHAR2(10 BYTE), Description VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) ) /

NOT NULL,

Table created. SQL> SQL> -- prepare data SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values ('01','Jason', 'Martin', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56, 'Toronto', 'Programmer') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('02','Alison', 'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 / 1 row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('03','James', 'Smith', to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('04','Celia', 'Rice', to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78, 'Vancouver','Manager') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('05','Robert', 'Black', to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78, 'Vancouver','Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('06','Linda', 'Green', to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York', 'Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description) 2 values('07','David', 'Larry', to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York', 'Manager') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> insert into Employee(ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date, End_Date, Salary, City, Description)

2 values('08','James', 'Cat', to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester') 3 / 1 row created. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> -- display data in the table SQL> select * from Employee 2 / ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME END_DATE SALARY CITY DESCRIPTION ---- -------------------- ----------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------01 Jason Martin JUL-06 1234.56 Toronto Programmer 02 Alison Mathews FEB-86 6661.78 Vancouver Tester 03 James Smith MAR-90 6544.78 Vancouver Tester 04 Celia Rice APR-99 2344.78 Vancouver Manager 05 Robert Black AUG-98 2334.78 Vancouver Tester 06 Linda Green JAN-96 4322.78 New York Tester 07 David Larry FEB-98 7897.78 New York Manager 08 James Cat APR-02 1232.78 Vancouver Tester 8 rows selected. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SET SERVEROUTPUT ON CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_dept_del AFTER DELETE ON employee FOR EACH ROW BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (':OLD.id' || :OLD.id); END; / START_DAT --------- ----25-JUL-96 2521-MAR-76 2112-DEC-78 1524-OCT-82 2115-JAN-84 0830-JUL-87 0431-DEC-90 1217-SEP-96 15-

Trigger created. SQL> SQL> delete from employee; :OLD.id01 :OLD.id02

:OLD.id03 :OLD.id04 :OLD.id05 :OLD.id06 :OLD.id07 :OLD.id08 8 rows deleted. SQL> SQL> -- clean the table SQL> drop table Employee 2 / Table dropped.