SCHOOL OF THOUGHT IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

PREPARED BY: WAN SAMIRAH BAHIAH BINTI MUHAMMAD PISMP MATHEMATICS 1

STUCTURALISM/BEHAVIORISM
Start in 1940s and 1950s by Leonard Bloomfield, Edward Sapir and Charles Hockett. Structural or descriptive school of linguistics Scientific principle of observation of human languages Subject to investigation: only publicly observable responses Language could be dismantled into small pieces or units and these units could be described scientifically, contrasted, and added up again to form the whole.

RATIONALISM AND COGNITIVE PSYCOLOGY

Generative transformational school of linguistics: Noam Chomsky. Human language cannot be scrutinized simply in terms of observable stimuli and responses or the volumes of raw data gathered by field linguists. Interested not only in describing language but also in arriving at an explanatory level of adequacy in the study of language. Important distinction between the observable aspects of language and the hidden levels of meaning and thought that give birth or generate observable linguistic performance. Cognitive psychologies sought to discover underlying motivations and deeper structure of

CONSTRUCTIVISM
Jean Piaget and Lev Vigotsky. They differ in the extent to which each emphasizes social context. Piaget stressed the importance of individual cognitive development as a relatively solitary act. Biological timetables and stages of development; social interaction was claimed only to trigger development at the right moment in time Vygotsky: social interaction was foundational in cognitive development and rejected the emotion of predetermined stages.

SUMMARY
TIME FRAME Early 1900s& 1940s & 1950s SCHOOL OF THOUGHT Structural & behaviorism TYPICAL THEMES Description Observable perfomance Scientific method Empricism Surface structure Conditioning,reinforcement Generative linguistics Acquisition, innateness Interlanguage systematicity Universal grammar Interactive discourse Sociocultural variable Cooperative group learning Interlanguage variability

1960s & 1970s

Rationalism & cognitive psycology

1980s,1990s& early 2000

constructivism

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