kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 1

This print-out should have 25 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
Which of the following will best help deter-
mine the direction of heat ow in a system?
1. temperature correct
2. pressure
3. internal energy
4. work
5. enthalpy
Explanation:
Heat ows spontaneously from a hotter
body to a colder body. In other words, heat
ows from a body of high temperature to a
body of lower temperature.
002 10.0 points
In the manufacture of nitric acid by the oxi-
dation of ammonia, the rst product is nitric
oxide. The nitric oxide is then oxidized to
nitrogen dioxide:
2 NO(g) + O
2
(g) 2 NO
2
(g)
Calculate the standard reaction enthalpy
for the reaction above (as written) using the
following data:
N
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2 NO(g)
H

= 180.5 kJ
N
2
(g) + 2 O
2
(g) 2 NO
2
(g)
H

= 66.4 kJ
1. 100.3 kJ/mol rxn
2. 690.72 kJ/mol rxn
3. 520.2 kJ/mol rxn
4. 128.2 kJ/mol rxn
5. 975.0 kJ/mol rxn
6. 114.1 kJ/mol rxn correct
7. 252.4 kJ/mol rxn
Explanation:
Using Hess Law and the given standard re-
action enthalpies, the rst reaction is reversed
and added to the second:
2 NO(g) N
2
(g) + O
2
(g)
H

= 180.5 kJ
N
2
(g) + 2 O
2
(g) 2 NO
2
(g)
H

= 66.4 kJ
2 NO(g) + O
2
(g) 2 NO
2
(g)
H

= 114.1 kJ
003 10.0 points
What mass of ethanol (C
2
H
5
OH()) must be
burned to supply 500 kJ of heat? The stan-
dard enthalpy of combustion of ethanol at 298
K is 1368 kJ mol
1
.
1. 126 g
2. 29.7 g
3. 16.8 g correct
4. 2.74 g
5. 10.9 g
Explanation:
500 kJ
1368 kJ/mol
= 0.365497 mol of ethanol
(0.365497 mol)(46 g/mol)
= 16.8129 g ethanol
004 10.0 points
Carbon monoxide reacts with oxygen to form
carbon dioxide by the following reaction:
2 CO(g) + O
2
(g) 2 CO
2
(g)
H for this reaction is 135.28 kcal.
kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 2
How much heat would be released if 12.0
moles of carbon monoxide reacted with su-
cient oxygen to produce carbon dioxide? Use
only the information provided in this ques-
tion.
1. 811.68 kcal correct
2. 135.28 kcal
3. 270.56 kcal
4. 1623.36 kcal
5. 541.12 kcal
6. 405.84 kcal
Explanation:
H = 135.28 kcal n
CO
= 12.0 mol
_
135.28 kcal
1 mol rxn
__
1 mol rxn
2 mol CO
_
(12 mol CO) = 811.68 kcal
so 811.68 kcal were released.
005 10.0 points
Burning 1 mol of methane in oxygen to form
CO
2
(g) and H
2
O(g) produces 803 kJ of en-
ergy. How much energy is produced when 3
mol of methane is burned?
1. 803 kJ
2. 2,409 kJ correct
3. 1,606 kJ
4. 268 kJ
Explanation:
n
1
= 1 mol q
1
= 803 kJ
n
2
= 3 mol
If we know how much heat is evolved when 1
mole of methane is combusted, then we know
how much heat would be evolved if 3 mol of
methane were combusted:
_
803 kJ
1 mol methane
_
(3 mol methane)
= 2409 kJ
006 10.0 points
Calculate the standard reaction enthalpy for
the reaction.
CH
4
(g) + H
2
O(g) CO(g) + 3 H
2
(g)
given
2 H
2
(g) + CO(g) CH
3
OH()
H

= 128.3 kJ mol
1
2 CH
4
(g) + O
2
(g) 2 CH
3
OH()
H

= 328.1 kJ mol
1
2 H
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2 H
2
O(g)
H

= 483.6 kJ mol
1
1. +206.1 kJ mol
1
correct
2. +216 kJ mol
1
3. +42.0 kJ mol
1
4. +155.5 kJ mol
1
5. +412.1 kJ mol
1
Explanation:
We need to reverse the rst reaction, halve
the second, halve and reverse the third and
add the results:
CH
3
OH() 2 H
2
(g) + CO(g)
H = 128.3 kJ/mol
CH
4
(g) + 0.5 O
2
(g) CH
3
OH()
H = 164.05 kJ/mol
H
2
O(g) H
2
(g) + 0.5 O
2
(g)
H = +241.8 kJ/mol
CH
4
(g) + H
2
O(g) CO(g) + 3 H
2
(g)
H = 206.05 kJ/mol
007 10.0 points
The value of H for the reaction
C
3
H
8
(g) + 5 O
2
(g) 3 CO
2
(g) + 4 H
2
O()
is 2220 kJ/mol rxn. How much heat is
given o when 11.0 g of propane gas (C
3
H
8
)
is burned at constant pressure?
1. 25.96 kJ
kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 3
2. 1665.0 kJ
3. 2220.0 kJ
4. 22420.0 kJ
5. 555.0 kJ correct
6. 6660.0 kJ
7. 50.5 kJ
Explanation:
H = 2220 kJ/mol m
C3H8
= 11 g
q =
_
2220 kJ
mol rxn
__
1 mol rxn
1 mol C
3
H
8
_

_
1 mol C
3
H
8
44 g C
3
H
8
_
(11 g C
3
H
8
)
= 555 kJ or 555 kJ released
008 10.0 points
Calculate the standard enthalpy change for
the reaction
2 HCl(g) + F
2
(g) 2 HF() + Cl
2
(g)
given
4 HCl(g) + O
2
(g) 2 H
2
O() + 2 Cl
2
(g)
H
0
= 202.4 kJ/mol rxn
1
2
H
2
(g) +
1
2
F
2
(g) HF()
H
0
= 600.0 kJ/mol rxn
H
2
(g) +
1
2
O
2
(g) H
2
O()
H
0
= 285.8 kJ/mol rxn
1. H
0
= 1015.4 kJ/mol rxn correct
2. H
0
= 516.6 kJ/mol rxn
3. H
0
= +1587.2 kJ/mol rxn
4. H
0
= 1088.2 kJ/mol rxn
5. H
0
= +1116.6 kJ/mol rxn
6. H
0
= +516.6 kJ/mol rxn
7. H
0
= 1116.6 kJ/mol rxn
8. H
0
= +1088.2 kJ/mol rxn
9. H
0
= +1015.4 kJ/mol rxn
10. H
0
= 1587.2 kJ/mol rxn
Explanation:
The rst equation needs to be multiplied by
1
2
in order to get the equation were interested
in. Thus its H
0
is multiplied by
1
2
as well.
The second equation needs to be multiplied
by two in order to get the equation were
interested in. We also multiply its H
0
by
two.
The third equation needs to be reversed, so
the sign of its H
0
should change.
Then we add the equations to get the equa-
tion were interested in. We also add the ad-
justed H
0
values to get the answer, 1015.4
kJ/mol rxn.
009 10.0 points
Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation
of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane
H
H
C
C
CH
2
H
2
C
given the standard enthalpies of formation of
717 kJ mol
1
for C(g) and 218 kJ mol
1
for
H(g) and the average bond enthalpies of 412
kJ mol
1
for C H and 348 kJ mol
1
for
C C.
1. +175 kJ mol
1
kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 4
2. 472 kJ mol
1
3. +312 kJ mol
1
4. 124 kJ mol
1
5. 36 kJ mol
1
correct
Explanation:
We can write an equation in which we com-
pletely decompose bicyclo [1,1,0] butane:
C
4
H
6
(bicyclobutane, g) 4 C(g) + 6 H(g)
H

rxn
= 5 (BE
CC
) + 6 (BE
CH
)
(The comment on the right comes from
dissecting the structure given in the question
and noting how many of each kind of bond is
present). To nd H for this reaction we can
use Hess Law with formation enthalpies:
H

rxn
=
_
4 H

f C(g)
+ 6 H

f H(g)
_

_
1 H

f C4H6(g)
_
= [4 (717 kJ/mol) + 6 (218 kJ/mol)]
H

f C4H6(g)
= 4176 kJ/mol H

f C4H6(g)
Now we use the comment on which bonds
were broken:
H

rxn
= 6 BE
CC
+ 6 BE
CH
= 5 (348 kJ/mol) + 6 (412 kJ/mol)
= 4212 kJ/mol
We can set the two sides of the equation
equal since they represent the same reaction:
4212 kJ/mol = 4176 kJ/mol H

f C4H6(g)
H

f C4H6(g)
= 36 kJ/mol .
010 10.0 points
Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction
2 SO
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2 SO
3
(g)
H
f
for SO
2
(g) = 16.9 kJ/mol;
H
f
for SO
3
(g) = 21.9 kJ/mol.
1. +5.0 kJ/mol rxn
2. +10.0 kJ/mol rxn
3. 77.6 kJ/mol rxn
4. 5.0 kJ/mol rxn
5. 10.0 kJ/mol rxn correct
Explanation:
Reactants:
H
f SO2(g)
= 16.9 kJ/mol
H
f O2(g)
= 0 kJ/mol
Products:
H
f SO3(g)
= 21.9 kJ/mol
H
rxn
=

nH
f products

nH
f reactants
= (2 mol)(21.9 kJ/mol)
(2 mol)(16.9 kJ/mol)
(1 mol)(0 kJ/mol)
= 10.0 kJ/mol rxn
011 10.0 points
Consider the following substances:
HCl(g) F
2
(g) HCl(aq) Na(s)
Which response includes ALL of the sub-
stances listed that have H
0
f
= 0?
1. HCl(g), Na(s) and F
2
(g)
2. HCl(g), Na(s), HCl(aq) and F
2
(g)
3. Na(s)
4. HCl(g) and Na(s)
5. Na(s) and F
2
(g) correct
Explanation:
H
0
f
= 0 for elements in their standard
states. This would be true for both Na(s) and
F
2
(g).
012 10.0 points
kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 5
If the products of a reaction have a higher
energy than the reactants, then the reaction
1. is not spontaneous.
2. must be spontaneous.
3. is endothermic. correct
4. is exothermic.
Explanation:
Energy must ow into the system for the
products to have a higher energy than the re-
actants. H will be positive and the reaction
will be endothermic.
013 10.0 points
Calculate the average S F bond energy in
SF
6
, using the following H
f
values:
SF
6
(g) = 1209 kJ/mol
S(g) = 279 kJ/mol
F(g) = 79 kJ/mol
1. 981 kJ/mol bonds
2. 1209 kJ/ mol bonds
3. 1962 kJ/mol bonds
4. 289.0 kJ/mol bonds
5. 582 kJ/mol bonds
6. 196 kJ/mol bonds
7. 1565 kJ/mol bonds
8. 416 kJ/mol bonds
9. 202 kJ/mol bonds
10. 327 kJ/mol bonds correct
Explanation:
The S F bond energy (in SF
6
) is dened
as the H for the reaction in which ONE
MOLE of S F bonds in SF
6
are broken to
give gaseous atoms. Each molecule of SF
6
has SIX S F bonds, so each mole of SF
6
has
SIX moles of S F bonds. Thus we need to
break the S F bonds in only
1
6
mol of SF
6
.
So we need the H for the reaction
1
6
SF
6
(g) F(g) +
1
6
S(g)
Use Hesss Law and the given values of H
f
to calculate H for this reaction.
014 10.0 points
Using the bond energy data provided, cal-
culate H for the following reaction.
H
2
(g) + Cl
2
(g) 2 HCl(g)
Bond Energy
Bond
_
kJ
mol
_
H H 436
Cl Cl 242
H Cl 432
1. 186 kJ mol
1
2. 246 kJ mol
1
3. 246 kJ mol
1
4. 186 kJ mol
1
correct
Explanation:
H
0
rxn
=

BE
rct

BE
prod
= (436 kJ/mol + 242 kJ/mol)
2 (432 kJ/mol)
= 186 kJ/mol
The negative sign means the reaction is
exothermic by 186 kJ/mol.
015 10.0 points
The standard molar enthalpy of formation
of NH
3
(g) is 46.11 kJ/mol. What is the
standard molar internal energy of formation
of NH
3
(g)?
1. 46.11 kJ/mol
kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 6
2. 51.07 kJ/mol
3. 41.15 kJ/mol
4. 43.63 kJ/mol correct
5. 48.59 kJ/mol
6. 38.67 kJ/mol
7. 39.91 kJ/mol
Explanation:
H = 46.11 kJ/mol
T = 298.15 K (standard temperature)
1
2
N
2
(g) +
3
2
H
2
(g) NH
3
(g)
n
i
=
_
1
2
+
3
2
_
mol = 2 mol
n
f
= 1 mol
n = (1 2) mol = 1 mol
E = q +w, q = H and
w = P V = nRT
= (1 mol)(8.31451 J/mol K)
(298.15 K)
_
kJ
1000 J
_
= 2.47897 kJ
Work is per 1 mole of NH
3
formed, so
E = H +w
= 46.11 kJ/mol + 2.47897 kJ/mol
= 43.631 kJ/mol
016 10.0 points
The internal energy change is 7 kJ when an
ideal gas expands from 3.50 to 29.2 liters at a
constant external pressure of 3.47 atm. What
is the heat absorbed by the gas from its sur-
roundings?
Correct answer: 16.0361 kJ.
Explanation:
E = 7 kJ P = 3.47 atm
V
i
= 3.5 L V
f
= 29.2 L
V = 29.2 L 3.5 L = 25.7 L
E = q +w = H P V
H = E +P V
= (7 kJ) +
_
3.47 atm (25.7 L)

101.33 J
1 atm L

kJ
1000 J
_
= 16.0361 kJ
017 10.0 points
What is the total motional contribution to the
molar internal energy of gaseous BF
3
?
1. 1.5 RT
2. 2.5 RT
3. 3 RT correct
4. 3.5 RT
5. RT
Explanation:
The contribution of each mode of motion to
the total molar internal energy is
1
2
RT. BF
3
is a nonlinear molecule so it has three modes
of translational motion and three modes of
rotational motion (assuming no contribution
from vibration). Therefore,
U
m
= 6
_
1
2
RT
_
= 3 RT
018 10.0 points
For a given transfer of energy, a greater change
in disorder occurs when the temperature is
high.
1. False correct
2. True
Explanation:
kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 7
From S =
q
T
since T is in the denomina-
tor, S will be larger (more positive) when-
ever T is smaller.
019 10.0 points
Entropy is a state function.
1. False
2. True correct
Explanation:
State functions are denoted by capital-
ized letters. They are P(ressure), V (olume),
T(emperature), S (entropy), G(ibbs Free en-
ergy), H (enthalpy). The change in the value
of a state function is independent of the path
taken.
020 10.0 points
Place the following in order of increasing en-
tropy.
1. solid, liquid, and gas correct
2. gas, liqiud, and solid
3. liqiud, solid, and gas
4. gas, solid, and liqiud
5. solid, gas, and liqiud
Explanation:
Entropy (S) is high for systems with high
degrees of freedom, disorder or randomness
and low for systems with low degrees of free-
dom, disorder or randomness.
S(g) > S() > S(s) .
021 10.0 points
Which substance has the higher molar en-
tropy?
1. KCl(aq) at 298 K and 1.00 atm correct
2. Unable to determine
3. KCl(s) at 298 K and 1.00 atm
4. They are the same
Explanation:
KCl(aq) has ions distributed more ran-
domly in solution than ions localized in a
crystal lattice, hence a higher molar entropy.
022 10.0 points
Calculate the standard entropy of vaporiza-
tion of ethanol at its boiling point 352 K. The
standard molar enthalpy of vaporization of
ethanol at its boiling point is 40.5 kJ mol
1
.
1. +115 JK
1
mol
1
correct
2. 40.5 kJK
1
mol
1
3. +40.5 kJK
1
mol
1
4. +513 JK
1
mol
1
5. 115 JK
1
mol
1
Explanation:
H
vap
= 40500 J mol
1
T
BP
= 352 K
S
cond
=
q
T
=
H
con
T
BP
=
H
vap
T
BP
=
40500 J mol
1
352 K
= +115.057 J mol
1
K
1
023 10.0 points
What is the entropy change for freezing
4.64 g of C
2
H
5
OH at 158.7 K? H =
4600 J/mol.
Correct answer: 2.91941 J/K.
Explanation:
H = 4600 J/mol T = 158.7 K
m = 4.64 g
MW = 2 (12.0107 g/mol)
+ 6 (1.00794 g/mol)
+ 8 (15.9994 g/mol)
= 46.0684 g/mol .
kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 8
The molar change in entropy is
S =
q
T
=
H
T
=
4600 J/mol
158.7 K
= 28.9855
J
mol K
,
and the change in entropy is
_
28.9855
J
mol K
__
4.64 g
46.0684 g/mol
_
= 2.91941 J/K.
024 10.0 points
Suppose that 140 g of ethanol at 25

C is mixed
with 235 g of ethanol at 85

C at constant
atmospheric pressure in a thermally insulated
vessel. What is the S
sys
for the process?
The specic heat capacity for ethanol is 2.42
J/g K.
Correct answer: 3.50979 J/K.
Explanation:
m
c
= 140 g m
h
= 235 g
T
c,i
= 25

C = 298.15 K
T
h,i
= 85

C = 358.15 K
C
P
= 2.42
J
g K
We use the specic heat here (J/gK) although
the problem can also be worked with the mo-
lar heat capacity also. The change in entropy
for each portion of ethanol is calculated via
the equation:
S = mC
P,s
ln
_
T
2
T
1
_
Note that the hot side (85

C) will cool
down to the nal temperature and the cold
side (25

C) will warm up to the nal tempera-

ture. The amount of heat that ows from one
to the other is
q
c
= q
h
m
c
C
p(ethanol)
(T
f
T
c,i
)
= m
h
C
p(ethanol)
(T
f
T
h,i
)
T
f
=
m
c
T
c,i
+m
h
T
h,i
m
c
+m
h
=
(140 g) (298.15 K) + (235 g) (358.15 K)
140 g + 235 g
= 335.75 K
The change in entropy for the cold
ethanol initially at 25

C is
S
c
= (140 g)
_
2.42
J
g K
_
ln
_
335.75 K
298.15 K
_
= 40.2393 J/K
and for the hot ethanol initially at 85

C,
S
h
= (235 g)
_
2.42
J
g K
_
ln
_
335.75 K
358.15 K
_
= 36.7295 J/K
The total change in entropy is that of the
entire system (there is no change in entropy
of the surroundings as the vessel isolates the
system from the surroundings):
S
tot
= 40.2393 J/K + (36.7295 J/K)
= 3.50979 J/K
025 10.0 points
The temperature of 2.00 mol Ne(g) is in-
creased from 25

C to 200

C at constant pres-
sure. Calculate the change in the entropy of
neon. Assume ideal behavior.
1. 19.2 JK
1
2. +7.68 JK
1
3. +9.60 JK
1
4. 7.68 JK
1
5. +19.2 JK
1
correct
kumar (kk24268) HW02 - Thermo 2 mccord (51580) 9
Explanation:
T
1
= 25

C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
T
2
= 200

C + 273.15 = 473.15 K
For a monoatomic ideal gas, C
p, m
= 2.5 R
S = nC
p, m
ln
_
T
2
T
1
_
= (2.00 mol) 2.5 (8.314 J mol
1
K
1
)
ln
_
473.15 K
298.15 K
_
= +19.1977 J K
1
We expect a positive answer since tempera-
ture increased.