Professional Documents
Culture Documents
qry=sp-edumain1
‡.‡¢. 骜Ëf
éÂKªý ‰\-‡®ý ƒ¯þ-®-{Ïd Öušü
X¾Ÿî-Å-ªŒ -’½ ¹A ¤Äå®j, ÅŒªÃyÅŒ …ÊoÅŒ NŸ¿u ÍŒŸ-«¿ -©-Âä ¹¤ò§ŒÖªÃ?ƒ¢{KtœË-§ŒÕšü ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ÍŒŸÕ¿ «Û
‚æX¬ÇªÃ? “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ œË“U ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«ÛŌկÃoªÃ? OÕª½¢Åà “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy …Ÿîu’¹¢ Â¢ “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-Í-«Œ ÍŒÕa!
“’¹ÖXýÐ4 ®¾Ky-®¾Õ©Õ ¨ Æ«-ÂÃ-¬ÇEo ¹Lp-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá. Æ¢Åä Âß¿Õ; “’¹ÖXýÐ1, 2 X¾K-¹~-©Â¹×
®ÏŸ-«¿ĺ Õ-§äÕu-„ê½Õ Â¹ØœÄ “’¹ÖXýÐ4ÊÕ ©Â¹~u¢’à åX{ÕdÂî«ÍŒÕa. \ ƪ½|-Å©Œ ÕÊo„Ã-骯j à ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖEo
®¾Cy-E-§çÖ’¹¢ Í䮾Õ-¹ע{Ö “X¾ºÇ-R-ÂÃ-¦-Ÿ¿ĺ¢’à ®ÏŸ-«¿ĺ Õ-«y{¢ Ō¹~º ¹ª½h«u¢!
X¾¯ço¢-œ@ä Á} ÅŒªÃyÅŒ “’¹ÖXýÐ4 ¯îšË-X-ê¶Ï Â-†¯¾ þ „ç©Õ-«-œË¢C. ‚¢“Ÿµ-“¿ X¾-Ÿ¬ä ü X¾GÂx ú ®¾Ky®ý ¹NÕ-†¯¾ þ (\XÔ-X-‡Ô -®ý®)Ô Nœ¿Õ-Ÿ©¿
Íä®ÊÏ ¯îšË-X-ê¶Ï Â-†-ʾ ©x ð “’¹ÖXýÐ1, 2 ®¾Ky-®¾Õ© ÅŒªÃyÅŒ «áÈu-„çÕ-Êi C ƒŸä!
˜ã¯þh, ƒ¢{-Kt-œ-§
Ë ŒÕšü ƪ½|-Å-©Œ -Åî¯ä ªÃ†¾Z“X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy …Ÿîu’¹¢ ®¾¢¤Ä-C¢Íä Æ«-ÂÃ-¬ÇEo “’¹ÖXýÐ4 ®¾Ky-®¾Õ©Õ ƒ®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá.
¨ X¾K-¹~-©Â¹× Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh Í䮾Õ-Â¹×¯ä ’¹œ¿Õ«Û êªX¾-šÅË î «á’¹Õ-²òh¢C. ‚¯þ-©¯ãj þ ŸÄyªÃ «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh X¾¢X¾Û-Âî-„ÃL.
* “’¹ÖXýÐ4-©ðE WE-§ŒÕªý Æ®Ï-å®d¢šüq ¤ò®¾Õ-©d Â¹× ƒ¢{-Kt-œ-§ Ë ŒÕšü …Bh-ª½Õ-©g -Êãj -„ê½Õ ƪ½Õ|©Õ.
* ®¾ÖX¾-ªý-„-•
çj ªýq, „äÕ“{¯þ ¤ò®¾Õ-©d Â¹× Â¹F®¾ NŸÄu-ª½|ÅŒ X¾Ÿî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A.
* “’¹ÖXýÐ4 êÂ{-T-J©ð «Íäa «Õªî ¯îšË-X-ê¶Ï Â-†¯ ¾ þÐ £¾É®¾©d ü „ç©äpª´ ý ‚X¶®Ô ª¾ ý ¤ò®¾Õ-©d Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*-ÊC. DEÂË œË“U,
G.ƒœË. …Bh-ª½Õ-©g -«ãj Û¢-œÄL.
ƒÂ¹ “’¹ÖXýÐ1, “’¹ÖXýÐ2 ¤ò®¾Õ-©d Â¹× Â¹F®¾ NŸÄu-ª½|ÅŒ œË“U. ÂæšËd œË“U ÍŒC-NÊ Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ¢-Ÿª¿ ½Ö ¨ ¤ò®¾Õ-©d -Eo-šÂË Ì
\¹ Â颩𠅫Õt-œ’Ë Ã ®ÏŸ¿ĺ¢ ÂÄíÍŒÕa. ƪáÅä Ʀµ¼uª½Õ©n Õ Åëá ÂÕ-Â¹×¯ä …Ÿîu’¹ “¤ÄŸµÄ-¯Ãu-©ÊÕ Ÿ¿%†Ï©d ð
åX{Õd-ÂíE “XÏæX-ª-„½ Ãy-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C.
“’¹ÖXýÐ4 X¾K-¹~Â¹× ªÃ†¾„Z- Ãu-X¾h¢’à ŸÄŸÄX¾Û 10 ©Â¹~© Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç-®¾Õh©Õ «Íäa Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Á-«á¢C. OJ©ð ŸÄŸÄX¾Û 80 ¬ÇÅŒ¢
1 of 5 2/23/2009 5:44
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain1
œË“U ÍŒC-NÊ„Ãêª …¢šÇª½Õ. ˜ã¯þh/-ƒ¢-{ªý «ª½Â¹Ø ÍŒC-N-Ê-„ê½Õ 20 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ Nբ͌¹-¤ò-«ÍŒÕa. „ä© «Õ¢C ¤ò®¾Õ-d
“’Ã-œ¿Õu§äÕ{Õx Â¹ØœÄ “’¹ÖXýÐ4 X¾K-¹~Â¹× ®ÏŸ-«¿ĺ Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoª½Õ.
ƒ¢{ª½Öyu ©äŸ¿Õ
“’¹ÖXýÐ4 ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ ¹~ „çáÅŒh¢ 300 «Öª½Õˆ-©Â¹× …¢{Õ¢C. ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ -¹~©ð ²ÄCµ¢-*Ê „çÕJšü ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à ƒ¢{ª½Öyu
©ä¹ע-œÄ¯ä ¯äª½Õ’à …Ÿîu’¹ E§ŒÖ-«Õ¹¢ •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ŌբC. ƒ¢{ª½Öyu ©äŸ¿Õ ÂæšËd ¨ X¾K¹~ ŸÄyªÃ …Ÿîu’¹¢
²ÄCµ¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ X¾ÜJh’à Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n ÍäA-©ð¯ä …¢{Õ¢C. „çáÅŒh¢ 300 «Öª½Õˆ-©Â¹× 270Ð280 «Öª½Õˆ©Õ ²ÄCµ¢-Í©ä Ç Â¹%†Ï-
Íä-§ŒÖL.
¯îšË-X-ê¶Ï Â-†¯¾ îx X¾K¹~ NŸµÄÊ¢, ®Ï©-¦-®ý-©ÊÕ ®¾p†¾d¢’à æXªíˆ-Ê-©Ÿä ¿Õ. ƪáÅä ’¹ÅŒ “’¹ÖXýÐ4 X¾K¹~ NŸµÄÊ¢ ¦šËd ‹
Ƣ͌-¯ÃÂ¹× ªÃ„íÍŒÕa. DE “X¾Âê½¢ ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ -¹~©ð 骢œ¿Õ æXX¾-ª½Õx¢-šÇªá. „ç៿šË æXX¾ªýÐ •Ê-ª-©½ ü-®œ-¾d ®Î ý (150
«Öª½Õˆ©Õ). 骢œîCÐ „çÕ¢{©ü ‡G-LšÌ, 宓¹-˜-Jä -§ŒÕ©ü ‡G-L-š-©Ì Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*-ÊC (150 «Öª½Õˆ©Õ).
æXX¾ªýÐ1
•Ê-ª-©½ ü-®-œ¾d ®Î ý ®Ï©-¦-®ý©ð X¾Ÿî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ²Änªá «ª½Â¹Ø …Êo ²ò†¾-©ü-®-œ¾d ®Î ý (ÍŒJ“ÅŒ, ¦µ¼Ö’î-@Á-¬Ç®¾Y¢, ¤ùª½-¬Ç®¾Y¢,
ƪ½-¬n Ç®¾Y¢), å®j¯þq (¦µ÷A¹ ª½²Ä-§ŒÕ-Ê-¬Ç-²ÄY©Õ, °«-¬Ç-²ÄY©Õ), «ª½h-«ÖÊ «u«-£¾É-ªÃ-©ÊÕ ÍäªÃaª½Õ.
ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ’¹º-ÅË -¬Œ Ç®¾Y¢ …¢œ¿-ŸE¿ ’¹«Õ-E¢-ÍÃL.
®Ï©-¦®ý X¾Ÿî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ²Änªá (10th standard)ÂæšËd ²ÄŸµÄ-ª-º½ ¢’à 6« ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ÊÕ¢* 10« ÅŒª-’½ ¹A «ª½Â¹Ø åXjÊ
æXªíˆÊo ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×-©d -Eo-šFË ÆŸµ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢ Í䧌ÖL. 6,7 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-ÅŒÕ-©ðxE ¤Äª¸Ãu¢-¬Ç©ä AJT …ÊoÅŒ “X¾«Ö-ºÇ-©Åî 8,9,10
ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx …¯Ãoªá.
* Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©
n ¢-Ÿª¿ ½Ö «á¢Ÿ¿Õ’à 8,9,10 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթ ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ-¹-¬Ç®¾Y¢, ¦µ÷A¹ ª½²Ä-§ŒÕ-Ê-¬Ç-²ÄY©Õ, °«-¬Ç-²ÄY©- ¹×
®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ÅÃèÇ ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ-©ÊÕ ÅŒX¾p-E-®-J¾ ’à æ®Â¹J¢ÍÃL.
* ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×-©
d -„Ã-K’à ƢŸ¿Õ-©ðE ¤Äª¸Ãu¢-¬Ç-©ÊÕ ®¾Jp-©Ç-Âê½ X¾Ÿ-A¿ĺ ©ð Æ«Õª½Õa¹×E ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL. Æ¢˜ä Šê Ƣ¬Ç-EÂË
®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ¤Äª¸Ãu¢-¬Ç-©ÊÕ 8« ÅŒª-’½ ¹-A©ð ÍŒC-„ù, ŸÄE ÂíÊ-²Ä-T¢X¾Û 9, 10 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx Â¹ØœÄ …¢{Õ¢C
ÂæšËd „ÚËE Â¹ØœÄ „ç¢{¯ä ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL.
EèÇ-EÂË ƒ«Fo ’¹ÅŒ¢©ð Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ¢-Ÿª¿ ½Ö ÍŒC-N-Ê„ä. ÂæšËd ŠÂ¹-²ÄJ ’¹ÅŒ¢-©ðÂË „çR}, ¨ ¤Äª¸Ãu¢-¬Ç-©-Eo-šFË
N¬ì-†x -º¾ Ç-ÅŒt-¹¢’à ͌Ÿ-„¿ ÃL. ¤Äª¸Ãu¢-¬Á¢-©ðE “X¾A „ÃÂÃuFo X¾K-¹~©ð ªÃ’¹© ŠÂ¹ “X¾¬Áo’à ¦µÇN®¾Öh ÍŒŸ-„¿ Ã-
Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C.
’¹ÅŒ¢©ð X¾Ÿî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A X¾K-¹~Â¹× ®ÏŸ-„¿ĺ çÕÊi X¾Ÿ-A¿ĺ ÂÌ, ƒX¾pšË “’¹ÖXýÐ4Â¹× Í䧌ÖLqÊ “XÏX-ê¾ ª-†-¯¾ þÂ¹Ø ÍÃ©Ç «uÅÃu®¾¢
…¢C. X¾Ÿî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A X¾K¹~ “X¾ŸµÄ-Ê¢’à N«-ª-º½ Ç-ÅŒt¹ (œË“®Ïˆ-X„Ïd þ) X¾K¹~. “’¹ÖXýÐ4 X¾K¹~ X¾ÜJh’à ‚¦ãÂb- „Ëd þ
(«ÕLd-X¾Û©ü Íêá®ý) X¾K¹~. ÂæšËd “X¾A „ÃÂÃuFo ŠÂ¹ “X¾¬Áo’à ’¹ÕJh¢-ÍÃ-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C.
X¾K¹~ ‚¦ãÂb- „Ëd þ X¾Ÿ-A¿ĺ -©ðC ¹ŸÄ ÆE é’œj -©¿x ðE G{xåXj, “X¾¬Áo-©åXj «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ ‚ŸµÄ-ª-X½ œ¾ Ë ÍŒŸ-«¿ -¹؜- Ÿ¿ ¿Õ. ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-
ÂÃ-©ÊÕ Â¹~׺g¢’à ͌C-N-Ê-„Ãêª X¾K-¹~-©ðE “X¾¬Áo-©-Eo-šÂË Ì Â¹*a-Å-„Œ çÕÊi •„Ã-¦Õ-©ÊÕ ÅäL’Ã_ ’¹ÕJh¢-Í-’Œ ¹-©Õ-’¹Õ-Åê½Õ. „ç៿{
¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ-©ÊÕ ®¾¢X¾Ü-ª½g¢’à ͌Ÿ„¿ ÃL. ‚ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ‚¦ãÂb- „Ëd þ ˜ãXj ¾Û “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Â¢, ®Ôy§ŒÕ «â©Çu¢-¹Ê
Â¢ ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL.
1996©ð Eª½y-£ÏÇ¢-*Ê “’¹ÖXýÐ4 X¾K-¹~-©ðE “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ X¾J-QLæ®h ŠÂ¹ Æ«-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ «®¾Õh¢C. ‚ NŸµÄ-Ê¢©ð
ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-*Ê Ê«â¯Ã æXX¾-ªÊ½x Õ *«-ª’½ à ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䧌ÖL.
2 of 5 2/23/2009 5:44
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain1
ƪáÅä 8,9,10 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթ ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ-©ÊÕ ÊÖÅŒÊ Æ¢¬Ç-©Åî ¹LXÏ(up to date) ªÃ§ŒÕ-Ê¢-Ÿ¿ÕÊ „Ú˩ð ÂíEo
ÅŒX¾Ûp-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. „ÚËE ®¾J-C-Ÿ¿Õ-Âl ¹×¢{Ö ÍŒC-„Ã-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C. «áÈu¢’à ¦µÇª½-Å-ŸŒ ¬ä Á, ‚¢“Ÿµ-“¿ X¾-Ÿ¬ä ü ¦µ÷’î-R-Ââ-¬Ç©Õ,
¤ùª½-¬Ç®¾Y¢, ƪ½-¬n DzÄY©ðx ÅÃèÇ Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ Í䪽Õa-ÂíE ÍŒŸ-„¿ Ã-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C.
ƒÂ¹ „ç៿šË æXX¾-ªý-©ðE *«J Æ¢¬Á¢Ð ¹骢šü ƒ„碚üq («ª½h-«ÖÊ «u«-£¾É-ªÃ©Õ). “X¾AªîW '£ÏÇ¢Ÿ¿ÖÑ, '¨¯Ãœ¿ÕÑ
X¾“A-¹©ðx «Íäa „ê½h-©ÊÕ ÍŒCN, «áÈu-„çÕÊi Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ ‹ ¯îšü-¦Õ-Âú©ð ªÃ®¾Õ-¹ע{Ö …¢œÄL (²ÄnE¹
ªÃ•-Â-§ Ì ŒÖ-©ÊÖ, ªÃ•-Â§Ì ŒÕ “X¾®¾¢-’Ã-©ÊÖ NÕÊ-£¾É-ªá¢-ÍÃL). OšË-Åî-¤Ä{Õ «áÈu-„çÕÊi «ª½h-«ÖÊ N†¾-§ŒÖ-©ÊÕ
N¬ì-†x Ï¢Íä ŠÂ¹šË 骢œ¿Õ ¤òšÌ X¾K-¹~© «Öu’¹-°-ÊÊx Õ Â¹ØœÄ ÍŒCN, „Ú˩ðE ‚¦ãÂb- „Ëd þ “X¾¬Áo-©Â¹× •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ’¹ÕJh¢Íä
“X¾“Â˧ŒÕ “¤Äª½¢Gµ¢ÍÃL. „ç¢{¯ä “XÏX-ê¾ ª¯þ „ç៿-©Õ-åXšËd ¨ X¾ŸA¿ĺ ©ð ÂíÊ-²Ä-Tæ®h 150 «Öª½Õˆ-©Â¹× 130Ð135
«Öª½Õˆ-©ÊÕ ÅçÍŒÕaÂî«ÍŒÕa.
æXX¾ªýÐ2
ƒC „çÕ¢{©ü ‡G-LšÌ, 宓¹-˜-Jä -§ŒÕ©ü ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*-ÊC. „çÕ¢{©ü ‡G-L-š©Ì ð „窽s©ü, ¯Ã¯þ-„-ªç ½s©ü
“X¾¬Áo©Õ, Ƣ¹-’¹-º-ÅË Ã-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê („Ãu¤Äª½ ’¹ºÅË Œ¢) “X¾¬Áo©Õ, X¾J-ÍäaŸ´ ¿ Æ«-’Ã-£¾Ç¯Ã ²Ä«Õª½nu “X¾¬Áo©Õ, ƒ*aÊ
„ÃÂÃu-©ÊÕ “¹«Õ-X-Ÿ¾ -A¿ĺ ©ð åX˜äd “X¾¬Áo©Õ …¢šÇªá. Ê¢¦ªý ®ÏK®ý, ©ã{ªý ®ÏK®ý, ©ã{ªý ‡¯Ã-©°, Ê¢¦ªý ‡¯Ã-©°,
©ã{ªý ÂÃx®-XÏ -ê¶Ï Â-†¯¾ þ, Ê¢¦ªý ÂÃx®-XÏ -ê¶Ï Â-†¯¾ þ, «ªýf ‡¯Ã-©°, ÂîœË¢’û Æ¢œþ œÎ ÂîœË¢’û; «§ŒÕ-®¾Õ-©åXj, ’¹œ-§
Ë ŒÖ-ªÃ©Ö,
ÂÃu©¢œ¿ª½Ö,x ª½Â¹h ®¾¢¦¢ŸµÄ©Ö, ÅÃJˆÂ¹ N„ä-Í-ÊŒ -©åXj NNŸµ¿ ª½ÂÃ-©Õ’à “X¾¬Áo©Õ …¢šÇªá.
OšË «ÕøL¹ ¦µÇ«-Ê-©ÊÕ Æª½n¢ Í䮾Õ-ÂíE, O©ã-Êj Eo ‡Â¹×ˆ« “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䧌ÖL. Æ¢Åä-ÂÃF, “X¾A “X¾¬Áo¹Ø
ƒÍäa 'ÂÌÑF, Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-©ðE N«-ª-º½ ÊÖ ÍŒC-NÅä “X¾§çÖ-•Ê¢ …¢œ¿Ÿ¿Õ. “X¾A Ê«â-¯ÃÂ¹Ø ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê «ÕøL¹ ¦µÇ«Ê
ƪ½n¢ Í䮾Õ-Âî-«œ¿¢ «áÈu¢.
ƒÂ¹ Ƣ¹-’¹-ºÅË Œ¢, „Ãu¤Äª½ ’¹º-ÅË Ã-©Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢* 5,6,7,8 ÅŒª’½ ¹ÅŒÕ© ’¹º-ÅË -¬Œ Ç®¾Y ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ-©ðxE Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÖ,
NNŸµ¿ ¤òšÌ-X-K¾ -¹~© Â¢ ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-*Ê “X¾Åäu¹ X¾Û®¾h-ÂÃ-©ÊÖ ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL. šÇXÏ-Âú-„Ã-K’à ƢŸ¿Õ-©ðE ®¾Ö“ÅÃ-©ÊÕ
ƪ½n¢ Í䮾ÕÂî„ÃL. ²ÄŸµ¿u-„çÕ-Êi Eo ‡Â¹×ˆ« “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ Æ¦µÇu®¾¢ Í䧌ÖL. ®¾OÕ-¹-ª-º½ Ç© ®¾ÖÂÌ~t-¹-ª-º½ Ç©Õ, ¹.²Ä.’¹Õ,
’¹.²Ä.¦µÇ., «ª½-«_ â-©Ç©Õ, ®¾ªÃ-®J¾ , \¹-«®¾Õh «Öª½_¢, ¬ÇÅéÕ, E†¾p-AhÐ-Æ-ÊÕ-¤ÄÅŒ¢, Âé¢Ð-XE¾ , Âé¢Ð-ŸÖ¿ ª½¢,
¦Çª½Õ-«-œÐÎf -Í-“Œ ¹-«œÎ,f ¦µÇ’¹-²Äy«Õu¢, ©Ç¦µ¼-Ê-³Äd©Õ, ²ÄŸµÄ-ªº½ êÂ~“ÅŒ ’¹ºÅË Œ¢ „ç៿-©Êãj Æ¢¬Ç©ðxE “X¾¬Áo©ÊÕ „ÚË
®¾Ö“Åé ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à Ʀµ¼u-®Ï¢-ÍÃL.
«âœî Æ¢¬Á¢Ð X¾J-ÍäaŸ´ ¿ Æ«-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ ²Ä«Õª½nu¢. DE©ð «âœ¿Õ/¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ æXªÃ-©Åî ’¹© ÆÊÕ-Íäa-Ÿ´ Ä©Õ, ÂË¢Ÿ¿
“X¾¬Áo©Õ ƒ²Ähª½Õ. ƒ*aÊ ÆÊÕ-Íäa-Ÿ´ ¿¢-©ðE ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo N¬ì-†x -º¾ Ç-ÅŒt-¹¢’à ƫ-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ Í䮾Õ-Âî-„Ã-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C. „êÃh-
X¾-“A-¹-©ðxE ®¾¢¤Ä-Ÿ-¿ -§
Ì ŒÖ©Õ, “X¾Åäu¹ QJ¥-¹©Õ ÍŒŸ-«¿ œ¿¢ DEÂË …X¾-¹-J-®¾Õh¢C.
ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð *«-JCÐ “X¾¬Áo©ð ƒ*aÊ ¯Ã©Õ-’¹Õ/-Æ-ªáŸ¿Õ „ÃÂÃu-©ÊÕ æ£ÇÅŒÕ-¦-Ÿ¿ĺ¢’Ã, ®¾éªÊj “¹«Õ¢©ð AJT Æ«Õª½a{¢.
DEÂË Â¹ØœÄ N®¾h%ÅŒ X¾“AÂà X¾ªÊ¸½ ¢, ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ-®¾Öp´Jh Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. ƒ©Ç ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«ÛÅŒÖ, NNŸµ¿ Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䮾Öh
®ÏŸ-„¿ĺ çÕÅi ä ¨ æXX¾ªîx Â¹ØœÄ 150ÂË 130Ð135 «Öª½Õˆ©Õ ²ÄCµ¢-Í-«Œ ÍŒÕa.
3 of 5 2/23/2009 5:44
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain1
4 of 5 2/23/2009 5:44
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain1
Chaduvu Main
5 of 5 2/23/2009 5:44
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain2
1 of 4 2/23/2009 5:45
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain2
Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-„Ã-©-¯Cä ®¾p†¾d¢ ÂÄÃL. Æ¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× …X¾-¹-J¢-ÍCä “X¾¬Áo. '“X¾¬Áo-©Â¹× ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄÊ¢ ªÃ¦˜äd NŸµÄ-Ê¢ÑÅî
ÍŒŸ-«¿ œ¿¢ «©x N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ¦Ç’à Š¢{-¦-œ¿Õ-ŌբC. Æ¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× «ÕÊ¢ ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-Â¹×¯ä “X¾¬Áo-©-ECµ (¹y¬Áa¯þ ¦Çu¢Âú)
Ÿî£¾ÇŸ¿¢ Í䮾Õh¢C. ¤Äª¸½¢ *«ª½ ƒÍäa “X¾¬Áo©Ö, ÆŸµÄu-X-¾ ¹×œ¿Õ ÆœËê’ “X¾¬Áo©Ö, ¤ÄÅŒ “X¾¬Áo-X-“¾ ÅÃ-©ðxE “X¾¬Áo©Ö ¨
'ECµÑ©ð …¢œä{Õd ֮͌¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. ƒ¢ÂÃ...
* …X¾-Q-J-Â¥ ¹-©Â¹×
“X¾¬Áo© ª½ÖX¾¢: „Ãu®¾¢-©ðE …X¾-Q-JÂ¥ ¹©ÊÕ “X¾¬Áo-©Õ’à «ÖJa-„®ä Ï „ÚËE ¯î{Õq©ð ªÃ®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL.
“X¾¬Áo¹Ø, “X¾¬ÁoÂ¹Ø «ÕŸµ¿u©ð •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃ®¾Õ-Âî-«-œÄ-EÂË O©Õ’à ¯Ã©Õ-é’Ÿj ¿Õ „ÃÂÃu©Õ ªÃ®¾Õ-¹ׯä èÇ’Ã «C-L-„§ ä ŒÖL.
* ¦µÇ« ®¾p†¾Å d :Œ “X¾A ª½Í-ªŒ áÅÃ ÅŒÊ ¦µÇ« “X¾Â¹-{Ê Â¢ ÂíEo EJl†¾d X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÕ „Ãœ¿-ÅÃœ¿Õ. ‚ X¾ŸÄ-©-¹עœä
ƪÃnEo Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-¹ע˜ä ÅŒX¾p ÆÅŒE ¦µÇ«¢ ®¾p†¾d¢ Âß¿Õ. …ŸÄ-£¾Ç-ª-º½ ¹×... ©÷ÂË-¹-„ß¿¢ (å®Â¹×u-©-J•¢) Ưä X¾Ÿ¿¢
«ÕÊ ªÃèÇu¢-’¹¢©ð …¢C. ŸÄEÂË N«-ªº½ ©ä¹-¤ò-«{¢ «©x ©÷ÂË-¹-„Ã-ŸÄ-EÂË ‡«-JÂË Åî*Ê Æª½n¢ „ê½Õ
B®¾Õ-Âî-«-œ¿¢Åî ’¹¢Ÿ¿-ª-’½ î@Á¢ ¯ç©-Âí¢C. Æ©Ç¢šË X¾Ÿ„¿ äÕ ²Ä«Ö->¹ ¯Ãu§ŒÕ¢. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x EJl†¾d X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÕ
“X¾Po¢ÍŒÕÂî„ÃL.
* N†¾§ŒÕ §ŒÕŸÄ-ªÅ ½n :Œ ª½Í-ªŒ áÅŒ ÍçæXp N†¾-§ŒÖ©Õ §ŒÕŸ±Ä-ª-„½n çÕ-Êi -„¯ä à ÆE “X¾Po¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL. “X¾Po¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ «©x ¦µÇ«
®¾p†¾Åd ,Œ N†¾§ŒÕ §ŒÕŸÄ-ªÅ½n Œ Æ«-’¹-Å-«Œ Õ-«Û-Åêá.
2 of 4 2/23/2009 5:45
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain2
ŠÂ¹-²ÄJ ÍŒC-NÊ N†¾§ŒÖEo AJT ÍŒŸ-«¿ -¹-¤òÅä 骢œ¿Õ „êÃ-©ðx-X©¾ ŸÄŸÄX¾Û 80 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo
«ÕJa-¤ò-ÅÃ-«ÕF, Æ©Ç-Âù ÍŒC-NÊ N†¾-§ŒÖEo „ç¢{¯ä «©ã-„x -§
ä ŒÕœ¿¢ «©x 80 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ N†¾-§ŒÖEo ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-
Âî-«-ÍŒaF X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ ©Õ ÅçL-§ŒÕ-è-®ä ¾Õh-¯Ãoªá.
«©ã-„x -§
ä ŒÕœ¿¢ «Õø"-¹¢-’Ã¯ä …¢œ¿-Ê-¹ˆ-ꪟx ¿Õ. ÍŒC-N-Ê-ŸÄEo ªÃ§ŒÕœ¿¢ Â¹ØœÄ «©ã-„x -§
ä ŒÕ-œ„¿ äÕ. OšË-Åî-¤Ä{ÕÐ
ÍŒC-N-Ê-ŸÄEo ƒÅŒ-ª½Õ-©Â¹× ¦ðCµ¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ ŸÄyªÃ ‡Â¹ˆ« ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«-ÍŒaE NŸÄu-„-Åä Œh©Õ N«-J-®¾Õh-¯Ãoª½Õ. “X¾«áÈ
«uÂËhÅŒy NÂî¾ EX¾Û-ºÕœ¿Õ ®Ô„d ¯ç þ ‚ªý ¹O ÅŒÊ å®NÕ-¯Ãªý “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼¢©ð ¨ X¾ŸA¿ĺ ’¹ÕJ¢* N«-J¢* ŸÄEo
ƦµÇu®¾¢ Íäªá-²Ähœ¿Õ. ¦ðCµ¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ ŸÄyªÃ ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«œ¿¢ (learning through teaching) ƯäC
¬ÁÂËh-«Õ¢-Å-„Œ çÕÊi “X¾“Â˧ŒÕ Æ¢šÇ-ªÃ-§ŒÕÊ.
®¾OÕ-ÂË~¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«œ¿¢ (Review)
3 R©ð «âœîC 'J«ÜuÑ. Æ¢˜ä ®¾OÕ-ÂË~¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«œ¿¢. «ÕÊ¢ ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-® ä ¾Õ-¹×Êo “X¾¬Áo •„Ã-¦Õ©ðx …¢œä ®¾œd Î
é’œj þÊÕ ÅŒªÍ½ ŒÖ ֮͌¾Õ-¹ע{Ö Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-©ðE Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ ®¾OÕÂË~¢ÍŒÕ¹ע{Ö …¢œÄL. ÂíCl-¤ÄšË ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢
ŸíJ-ÂÊË “X¾A-²ÄK „ÚËE ֮͌¾Öh-…¢-œÄL. ͌֜¿œ¿¢ Æ¢˜ä åXjåXj ͌֜¿{¢ Âß¿Õ.
* N†¾-§ŒÖ-EÂË ©ðÅŒÕ (depth)…¢{Õ¢C. Šê N†¾-§ŒÖ-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê „äêªyª½Õ Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ EP-ÅŒ¢’Ã
Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. …ŸÄ-£¾Ç-ª-º½ ¹×... ÍŒ¢“Ÿ¿-§ŒÖ¯þÐ I ’¹ÕJ¢* «ÖšÇx-œ-{ä -X¾Ûpœ¿Õ «ÕÊ ªÃéÂ{x X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ ’¹ÕJ¢<,
ƒ¢ÅŒ-«-ªÂ½ ¹× ¦µÇª½-Åý©ð, ƒÅŒ-ª-Ÿ½ -¬ä Ç©ðx •J-TÊ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ © ’¹ÕJ¢<, ÍŒ¢“Ÿ¿-«Õ¢-œ-©¿ ¢åXj •ª½-’¹-¦ð§äÕ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ ©
’¹ÕJ¢<, „ÚË-«©x ¦µÇª½-Åý¹Ø, “X¾X¾¢-ÍÃ-EÂÌ ©Ç¦µÇ© ’¹ÕJ¢<, ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕh©ð •ª½-’¹-¦ð§äÕ X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ ©Â¹× ƒC
‡¢ÅŒ-«-ªÂ½ ¹Ø ®¾£¾Ç-¹-J¢-Í-’Œ ¹-©Åî ‚ „çÊj ¢ ’¹ÕJ¢<... ƒ©Ç ©ðŌՒà Åç©Õ-®¾ÕÂî„ÃL.
*N†¾-§ŒÖ-EÂË NX¾Û-©ÅŒ (width)…¢{Õ¢C. Ưä¹ Æ¢¬Ç-©Â¹× Íç¢C-Ê-„ÃšË ’¹ÕJ¢* Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-«-œ-«¿ Õ-Êo-«Ö{.
…ŸÄ-£¾Ç-ª-º½ ¹×... ¬Ç®¾Y ®¾¢¦¢-Ÿ-„µ¿ çÕÊi Æ¢¬Ç-©¯ä ÂùעœÄ ÍŒJ“ÅŒ, ®¾¢UÅŒ¢, ²Ä£ÏÇÅŒu¢, «Õ¯î NèÇcÊ¢,
§ŒÖ•-«ÖÊu NŸ¿u ©Ç¢šË Æ¢¬Ç© ’¹ÕJ¢* Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-«œ¿¢, „ÃšË Ÿ¿%³Ädu N†¾-§ŒÖEo N¬ì-†x Ï¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢.
¨ NŸµ¿¢’à N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ©ðÅŒÕÊÖ, ŸÄEo NX¾Û-©-ÅÊŒ Ö ®¾OÕ-ÂË~¢-Í-’Œ ¹-L-TÅä ŸÄEo ƪ½n¢ Í䮾Õ-Âî-«œ¿¢ ÅäL¹.
Æ¢Åä Âß¿Õ, ŸÄE-«©x N†¾§ÕŒ «uÂÌh-¹-ª-º½ ©ð E¢œ¿Õ-ŸÊ¿ ¢ «®¾Õh¢C.
X¾ª-ʸ½ ¢©ð ¨ ‰Ÿ¿Õ Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÖ N£¾Ç¢-’¹-O-¹~º¢, “X¾Po¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢, ÍŒŸ-«¿ œ¿¢, «©ã-„x -§
ä ŒÕœ¿¢, ®¾OÕ-ÂË~¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«œ¿¢
Í䧌Õ-’¹-L-TÅä “X¾A NŸÄuKn ‹ ®¾ÖX¾ªý NŸÄuJn ÂÃ’¹-©Õ-’¹Õ-ÅÃœ¿Õ.
¨ SQ3RÅî ¤Ä{Õ ƒšÌ-«© ‡¢Åî “¤Ä͌ժ½u¢ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Õ-ÅŒÕÊo «Õªí¹ NŸµÄʢР'X¾«ªý KœË¢’ûÑ. DE X¾«ªý
\NÕšð «Íäa „ê½¢ ͌֟Äl¢!
whysatyanarayana@yahoo.co.in
3 of 4 2/23/2009 5:45
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain2
Chaduvu Main
4 of 4 2/23/2009 5:45
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain3
1 of 2 2/23/2009 5:45
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain3
Chaduvu Main
2 of 2 2/23/2009 5:45
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain4
Bª½Õp -OÕ-Ÿ!ä
- -„Ã--ª½¢ Æ¢¬Á¢
¨
“’¹ÖXýÐ4 ‚¯þ-©¯ãj þ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh “X¾“Â˧ŒÕ Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n Â¹× Èª½Õa åX¢ÍŒÕ-ÅÄ?
OÕª½Õ Í䧌Ö-Lq¢C \NÕ-{¢˜ä... -OÕ å®-©ü -¤¶ò-¯þ-©ð edcÆE ˜ãXj ý Íä®,Ï æ®p®ý ƒ*a y’ÃF, n ’ÃF
(OÕ ÆGµ-“¤Ä§ŒÕ¢ \ŸçÅj ä ÆC) ˜ãXj ý Í䧌ÖL. 5600606 Ê¢¦ª½ÕÂ¹× SMS Íä-§ŒÕ¢œË!
’¹ÅŒ „ê½¢ Æ¢¬Á¢åXj ®¾p¢-Ÿ-Ê¿ -ƒ-D!
'å®j¯þq ®¾¦ãb¹שd Â¹× ‡X¾p-šÂË Ì TªÃÂÌ …¢{Õ¢ŸÄ?Ñ
-»-ÊÕ 85%
-©-Ÿä ¿Õ 15%
Chaduvu Main
1 of 1 2/23/2009 5:45
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain5
1 of 3 2/23/2009 5:46
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain5
* œäšÇ ‡¯Ã-L-®®Ï ý
* ¯çšü-«ªýˆ „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü
* w˜E
ãj ¢’û Æ¢œþ ¹Êq-©Fãd q
‡©Ç¢šË ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢?
HXÔ‹ …Ÿîu-’Ã-©Â¹× ƒ¢Tx†ý ¦µÇ†¾©ð ¯çXj ¾Ûºu¢ …¢˜ä ÍéÕ. ÂÃF êÂXÔ-‹-©Â¹× ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð “¤ÄO-ºu¢-Åî-¤Ä{Õ ®¾¦ãb¹×d
X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ ÍÃ©Ç «áÈu¢. ¹¢X¾Üu-{ªý ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Ö Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢.
* „ç៿šË ÊÕ¢< ÂíEo ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×-©d Â¹× ÆCµ-¹¢’à “¤ÄŸµÄ-Êu-NÕÍäa ÂÕq©Õ Íä®-ÊÏ -„Ã-JÂË ¨ ª½¢’¹¢ «ÕJ¢ÅŒ ÆÊÕ-¹ة¢.
* êÂXÔ‹©ð X¾E-Íæä ® Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× Â¹ØœÄ «ÖuŸ±þq, å®j¯þq-©åXj X¾{Õd Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢.
* ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×Å d î ®¾¢¦¢Ÿµ¿¢ …¢{Õ¢C ÂæšËd êÂXÔ‹ ¹¢åX-F©Õ E§ŒÖ-«Õ-ÂÃ©Õ •J-æX-{-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n NŸÄu-ª½|-Å-©Œ åXj
Ÿ¿%†Ï-åd X-œ-Å¿ êá. Šê ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×©d ð X¾E-Í-§
ä ŒÕœ¿¢ «©x Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð ÅŒ«Õ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©ÊÕ, ¯çXj ¾Û-ºÇu-©ÊÕ «ÕJ¢ÅŒ „çÕª½Õ-’¹Õ-X-ª¾ -ͽ ŒÕ-
Âî-«ÍŒÕa.
* šÌͪŒ ½Õ,x ƒ¢>-Fª½Õ,x ‡¢H-\©Õ, åX¶¯ j ïþq, •ª½o-L•¢ ¯äXŸ¾ ±¿u¢ …Êo-„ê½Õ Â¹ØœÄ êÂXÔ‹ …Ÿîu-’éðx Íäª-«½ ÍŒÕa.
XÔå£Ç-Íýœ,Î ®Ô\, ®Ôœ-¦¿ Õxu\, ®Ô‡®ý, ‡¢H\, H˜ã-Âú/-H¨, ‡¢H-H-‡®ý, ‡©ü-‡-©üH ÅŒC-ŪŒ ½ œË“U-©Õ-Êo-„ê½Ö ƪ½Õ|©.ä
* å®j¯þq ÍŒC-NÊ ¯äXŸ ¾ ±¿u¢ …¢˜ä «Õ¢*C. œäšÇ ‡¯Ã-L-®®Ï ý, “¤ò“’Ã-NÕ¢’û ®¾¢¦¢-Cŵ Œ …Ÿîu-’éðx OJÂË “¤ÄŸµÄÊu¢
©Gµ-®¾Õh¢C.
ƒ¢ÅŒÂÌ êÂXÔ-‹©Õ \¢ Íä²Ähªá?
¹¢åX-F-©Â¹× Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÊi «áÈu-„çÕÊi ®¾«Ö-ÍÃ-ªÃEo ‡X¾p-š-ÂË ¹-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¦Ç-{թ𠅢͌œ¿¢ êÂXÔ-‹© “X¾ŸµÄÊ Â¹ª½h«u¢.
¨ ®¾«Ö-Íê½¢ ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à ¹¢åX-F©Õ ÅŒ«Õ NŸµÄÊ Eª½-§ g ŒÖ-©ÊÕ, „Ãu¤Äª½ Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Ç-©ÊÕ N¬ì-†x -²Ï Ähªá. ¹¢åX-F©
¦µ¼N-†¾uÅŒÕh X¾E-B-ª½ÕåXj êÂXÔ-‹© “X¾¦µÇ«¢ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’à …¢{Õ¢C. DEo Ÿ¿%†Ï©d 𠅢͌Õ-ÂíE ¹¢åX-F-©Â¹× Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÊi
®¾¦Âãb- ¹×©d ðx «Õ¢* “X¾A¦µ¼ ¹Ê-¦-ª-*½ Ê Æ¦µ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ¯ä êÂXÔ-‹©Õ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹ע-{Õ-¯Ãoªá.
E§ŒÖ-«ÕÂÃ©Õ ‡©Ç?
êÂXÔ-‹©Õ ®¾¦ãb¹×d X¾ª½¢’à «Õ¢* ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©ÕÊo Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ¯ä E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹ע-šÇªá. ÅŒ«Õ Ÿ¿’¹-ª_ ½ÕÊo “¤Äèã-¹×-©d ÊÕ
Ÿ¿%†Ï©d 𠅢͌Õ-ÂíE ‚§ŒÖ ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×-©d Â¹× Â¹šÇX¶ý «Öª½Õˆ-©ÊÕ Eª½-ªg á-²Ähªá. «Öª½Õˆ-©-Åî-¤Ä{Õ ®¾éªÊj ‚©ð-ÍÊŒ Ÿ¿%¹pŸ±¿¢,
X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-¯µ¿ Ã-ÅŒt¹ Ÿ¿%†Ïd …Êo-„Ã-JÂË E§ŒÖ-«Õ-Âéðx “¤ÄŸµÄÊu¢ ƒ²Ähªá.
* E§ŒÖ-«Õ¹¢ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ®¾¢¦¢-Cŵ Œ N¦µÇ-’¹¢©ð Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× P¹~º ƒ²Ähªá. êÂXÔ‹ …Ÿîu-’éðx ªÃºË¢-ÍÃ-©¢˜ä...
«Õ¢* ¹«âu-E-êÂ-†¯¾ þ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ, šÌ„þÕ©ð X¾E-Í-æä ®-ÅÅŒ Œy¢, ŠAh-œEË ÅŒ{Õd-Âî-«œ¿¢, NNŸµ¿ †ÏX¶ý-©d ©ð X¾E-Í-§
ä ŒÕœ¿¢
ÅŒX¾p-E-®J¾ .
* Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©ÊÕ, Ÿ¿%¹p-Ÿ±ÄEo Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-«-œÄ-EÂË Â¹¢åX-F©Õ N¬ì-†x º¾ , ÅÃJˆÂ¹, ¦µÇ³Ä ²Ä«Õª½nu X¾K-¹~©Õ
Eª½y-£ÏÇ-²Ähªá.
* êÂXÔ‹ …Ÿîu-’éðx Dª½`-Âé¢ X¾E-Í-§ ä ŒÕ-œÄ-EÂË Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ …¢{Õ¢C. …ŸÄ-£¾Ç-ª-º½ Â¹× Í꽪d ýf ÆÂõ¢-˜ã¢{Õx êÂXÔ‹
®¾¢®¾©n ðx ¨ÂËyšÌ J宪ýa EX¾Û-ºÕ-©Õ’à ®Ïªn -X½ -œ¾ -«¿ ÍŒÕa.
ÂíEo P¹~º, …¤ÄCµ ®¾¢®¾©n Õ...
* Convergys India, Convergys Information Management Pvt Ltd, Hitec City, Madhapur,
Hyderabad.
* Center for American Education, No. 45, Koramangala, Bangalore.
2 of 3 2/23/2009 5:46
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain5
Chaduvu Main
3 of 3 2/23/2009 5:46
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain6
* ¯ÃÅî-¤Ä{Õ ¯Ã æ®o£ÏÇ-ÅŒÕ©Õ ÍÃ©Ç «Õ¢CÂË ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð «ÖšÇx-œ{¿ ¢ ªÃŸ¿Õ. Âêíp-ꪚü …Ÿîu-’Ã-©Â¹× ƒC Æ«-ªî-
Ÿµ¿¢’à «Öª½Õ-Åî¢C. \¢ Í䧌ÖL?
Ð >. ª½«Õº “X¾²ÄŸþ, N•-§ŒÕ-Ê-’¹ª½¢
«Õ¢* ¹«âu-E-êÂ-†¯¾ þ Æ¢˜ä “X¾ŸµÄ-Ê¢’à ‚©ð-Í-ÊŒ ©ðx ®¾p†¾Åd Œ …¢œ¿{¢. ‚©ð-Í-ÊŒ -©ÊÕ ®¾J’Ã_ «uÂÌh-¹-J¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË
¦µÇ†¾©ð ¯çXj ¾Ûºu¢ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. ¹«âu-E-êÂ-†-¯¾ þÊÕ åX¢¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«œ¿¢ OÕÂ¹× «áÈu-„çÕÊi Æ«-®-ª¾ ½¢’à ’¹ÕJh¢-Íê½Õ
ÂæšËd ÂíEo „çÕ©-¹×-«©Õ ¤ÄšË¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍŒ¢œË...
1 of 2 2/23/2009 5:46
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain6
* ²òpé¯þ ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð „çÕ©-¹×-«©Õ ¯äêªp «Õ¢* ƒ¢Tx†ý ©Ç¢ê’yèü P¹~º ®¾¢®¾©n ð Íäª-«½ ÍŒÕa. ÅŒŸÄyªÃ ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð
«ÖšÇx-œ-š¿ Ç-EÂË Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÊi ®¾ÖÍŒ-Ê©Õ ©Gµ-²Ähªá, ‚ÅŒt-N-¬Çy®¾¢ Â¹ØœÄ åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-ŌբC.
* ¦µÇ³Ä ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ åX¢¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«-œÄ-EÂË …ÅŒh«Õ «Öª½_¢... Eª½¢-ŪŒ ½ ²ÄŸµÊ ¿ . O©ã-Êj ¢ÅŒ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’à ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð
«ÖšÇx-œ{¿ ¢, ÍŒŸ-«¿ œ¿¢, ªÃ§ŒÕ-œÄ-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍÃL. “¹«Õ¢ ÅŒX¾p-¹עœÄ ‚¢’¹x CÊ-X-“¾ A-¹©Õ, «Öu’¹-°-ÊÊx Õ åXŸ¿’l Ã,
¦§ŒÕ-{Â¹× NE-XÏ¢-Í©ä Ç ÍŒŸ-«¿ œ¿¢ ŸÄyªÃ ®¾ÅŒp-L´ -ÅÃ©Õ «²Ähªá.
* NՓŌթÕ, ®¾£¾Çô-Ÿîu-’¹Õ-©Åî ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð «ÖšÇx-œ-š ¿ Ç-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍÃL. ƒ©Ç¢šË ²ÄŸµÊ¿ „ç៿šðx Âí¢Íç¢ Â¹†¾d¢’Ã
ÆE-XÏ¢-*¯Ã, Dª½`-ÂÃ-©¢©ð «Õ¢* X¶L¾ ÅŒ¢ ƒ®¾Õh¢C.
* ƒ¢Tx†ý ¦µÇ³Ä ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©ÊÕ åX¢¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«-œ¿¢åXj ©Gµ¢Íä X¾Û®¾h-ÂÃ©Õ Â¹ØœÄ Âí¢ÅŒ« - -ªÂ½ ¹× …X¾-§çÖ-’¹-X-œ¾ -Å¿ êá.
ƒ¢Tx†ý „êÃh ͵ïç-@ÁÊx Õ ÍŒÖœ¿{¢ Â¹ØœÄ “X¾§çÖ-•-Ê-¹-ª„½ äÕ!
* ’¹ÅŒ¢©ð ÂíEo ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu-©Â¹× £¾É•-ª-§ ½ ŒÖuÊÕ. ÍéÇ-²Äª½Õx ƒ¢{ª½Öyu ¦ðª½Õf ®¾¦µ¼Õu© ÊÕ¢* Æ®¾©Õ N†¾-§ŒÕ¢Åî
®¾¢¦¢Ÿµ¿¢ ©äE “X¾¬Áo©Õ ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ª-«½ Û-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. Æ©Ç¢šË ®¾¢Ÿ¿-ªÃs´©ðx \¢ Í䧌ÖL?
Ð éÂ. ¬ìȪý, å£jÇŸ¿-ªÃ-¦ÇŸþ
ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu©ðx Æ®¾¢-Ÿª¿ ½s´ “X¾¬Áo©Õ ‡Ÿ¿Õ-éª-Êj {Õx OÕª½Õ ‡Eo-²Äª½Õx ’¹«Õ-E¢* …¢šÇª½Õ? ‡Eo-²Äª½Õx ’¹«Õ-E¢-*¯Ã,
ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð «áÈu-„çÕÊi N†¾§ŒÕ¢ \NÕ-{¢˜ä... ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu-©©ð ÆœËê’ “X¾A “X¾¬ÁoÂ¹× \Ÿî ŠÂ¹ Â꽺¢ ÅŒX¾p-¹עœÄ
…¢{Õ¢C. “X¾¬Áo „çÊÕ¹ …Êo ƢŌ-ªÃ-ªÃnEo “’¹£ÏÇ¢*, ƒ¢{ª½Öyu ¦ðª½Õf ‚P¢-*Ê KA©ð ®¾«Ö-ŸÄµ Ê¢ ÍçX¾p-œÄ-EÂË
Ʀµ¼uJn “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍÃL. ¹¢åXF Æ«-®-ª¾ Ã-©ÊÕ ’¹ÕJh¢*, ŸÄEÂË ÆÊÕ-’¹Õ-º¢’à OÕ “¤ñåX¶-©j üÊÕ BJa-C-Ÿ¿Õ-Âl î-„ÃL.
…Ÿîu-’Ã-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê Æ¢¬Ç©ðx «á¢Ÿ¿Õ-’ïä Âí¢ÅŒ X¾J-¬ð-ŸÊµ¿ Íä®,Ï ‚ …Ÿîu-’Ã-EÂË OÕêª ®¾éªÊj Ʀµ¼uJn Ưä
ÆGµ-“¤Ä§ŒÕ¢ ƒ¢{ª½Öyu ¦ðª½ÕÂf Ë Â¹L-T¢-ÍÃL. OÕª½Õ Æ®¾¢-Ÿª¿ ½s´ “X¾¬Áo-©Õ’à ¦µÇN¢Íä „ÃšËÂË Â¹ØœÄ OÕ ÆÊÕ-¦¼µ«¢,
“X¾A¦µ¼, ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©ÊÕ ÆÊy-ªá¢* ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄÊ¢ Íç¤ÄpL. Æ©Ç¢šË “X¾¬Áo-©Â¹×, OÕª½Õ ‚P-²òhÊo …Ÿîu-’Ã-EÂË, ®¾¢®¾Ân ¹×
«ÕŸµ¿u ®¾¢¦¢-ŸµÄEo \ª½p-ª-ͽ -’Œ ¹-©-’ÃL.
Chaduvu Main
2 of 2 2/23/2009 5:46
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain7
1 of 2 2/23/2009 5:47
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain7
Chaduvu Main
2 of 2 2/23/2009 5:47
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain8
ÅŒ«Õ ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û, G.¤¶Ä-ª½t®Ô NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ƒ¢šË-“ê’-˜œã þ ‡¢.G.‡. “¤ò“’â Æ¢C¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË N¬Ç-È-X-{¾ o¢-©ðE UÅŒ¢
N¬Áy-N-ŸÄu-©§ŒÕ¢ Æ„çÕ-J-ÂÃ-©ðE 客“{©ü NÕ*-’ïþ §ŒâE-«-Jq-šÅÌ î ŠX¾p¢Ÿ¿¢ ¹ן¿Õ-ª½Õa-¹עC. ¨ ª½Â¹¢’à UÅŒ¢
ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û, G.¤¶Äª½t®Ô NŸÄu-ª½Õ©n Õ å®¢“{©ü NÕ*-’ïþ §ŒâE«JqšÌ (®Ï.‡¢.-§Œá.)ÂË Íç¢CÊ ‡¢.G.‡. œË“UE
Â¹ØœÄ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Õ-Åê½Õ. ¨ ŠX¾p¢Ÿ¿¢ ‰Ÿä-@Á}-¤Ä{Õ Æ«Õ-©-«Û-ŌբC.
®Ï.‡¢.-§Œá.Â¹× AACSBƒ¢{-êªo-†-ʾ ©ü Æ“ÂË-œ-˜Ë -†ä ¯¾ þ …¢C. DEC §Œá.‡-®ý.-‡.©ð 44 ªÃu¢Â¹×. UÅŒ¢ ƒ¯þ-®-{Ïd Öušü
‚X¶ý „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü, ®Ô‡¢§Œâ Âéäèü ‚X¶ý G>-¯®ç ý ÆœËt-E-æ®Z†- -¯¾ þ-©©ð ‡¢H\ ÂÕq©Õ \¹-K-A©ð …¢šÇªá.
DE-«©x ÂÕq© ¦CMÂË O©-«Û-ŌբC.
UÅŒ¢ N¬Áy-N-ŸÄu-©-§ŒÖ-EÂË Íç¢CÊ ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û, G.¤¶Ä-ª½t®Ô NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× “X¾„-¬ä Á-X-K¾ ¹~ ªÃu¢Â¹×© ‚ŸµÄª- ½¢’Ã
ƒ¢šË-“ê’-˜œã þ ‡¢H-\-©ðÂË “X¾„¬ä Á¢ ©Gµ-®¾Õh¢C. ƒ¢>-F-J¢-’û/-¤¶Ä-ª½t®Ô «âœ¿Õ, ¯Ã©Õ’î ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ªÃ©ðx ²Ä§ŒÕ¢“ÅŒ¢
„ä@Á©ðx „ê½Õ ‡¢H\ „ç៿š,Ë éª¢œ¿Õ å®NÕ-®-ª¾d ʽx Õ Æ¦µ¼u-®-²Ï Ähª½Õ. ‰Ÿî ®¾¢«-ÅŒq-ª½¢©ð Æ„çÕ-J-ÂÃÂ¹× „çR}, ®Ï.‡¢.§Œá.
‡¢H\ 骢œî-®¾¢-«-ÅŒqª½¢ “¤ò“’â X¾ÜJh-Í-²ä Ähª½Õ. ¦ðŸµÊ¿ , X¾J-¬ð-Ÿ-ʵ¿ © N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð UÅŒ¢ ƒ¯þ-®-{Ïd Öušü ‚X¶ý ƒ¢{-êªo-
†¾-Ê©ü G>-¯®ç ý, ®Ô‡¢-§Œâ©Õ X¾ª-®½ ¾pª½¢ ¤¶Äu¹Md ‡êÂqa¢->E “¤òÅŒq-£ÏÇ-²Ähªá.
Chaduvu Main
1 of 1 2/23/2009 5:47
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain9
1 of 3 2/23/2009 5:47
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain9
ƒD N«-ªº½
01 Answer C. BothÅî not ªÃŸ¿Õ. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E A, wrong. Both¦Ÿ¿Õ©Õ Neither not Æ¢šÇ¢, bothÅî
not„ÃœÄLq«*a-Ê-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ. NeitherÅî «Íäa verb ‡X¾Ûpœ¿Ö singular verb «®¾Õh¢C. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x B, wrong.
ƒŸ¿-Jl ©ð ‡«ª½Ö ©äª½Õ Ưä ƪ½n¢Åî None ªÃŸ¿Õ. ƒŸ¿Jl ¹¢˜ä/骢šË ¹¢˜ä ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’à …Êo-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ‡«ª½Ö/ \D
©äŸ¿Õ Ưä ƪ½n¢Åî none„ÃœÄh¢. ÂæšËd D ÅŒX¾Ûp.
02 Answer A. ¨ sentence ŠÂ¹ proverb. ƪ½n¢, ÍäA©ð …Êo ŠÂ¹ X¾ÂË~ ¤ñŸ¿-©ðE 骢œ¿Õ X¾Â¹~שÅî ®¾«ÖÊ¢
ÆE. ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿, bird «á¢Ÿ¿Õ A, hand «á¢Ÿ¿Ö bush «á¢Ÿ¿Ö Â¹ØœÄ The Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x B, C and D
wrong.
03 Answer D. ƒ©Ç¢šË„Ã@ë-Xx ¾Ûœ¿Ö åXjÂË ªÃª½ÕÑ ÆE ƪ½n¢. ƒ©Ç¢-š-„Ë Ã@ÁÙx Ưä¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ®¾éªÊj expression,
sentence
This kind of people/ This sort of people. Kind/ sort (kind= sort= ª½Â¹¢). Singular. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E
„ÚË-«á¢Ÿ¿Õ These „Ãœ¿¢. ¨ Â꽺¢ «©x A and B, wrong. Peoples ÆE peopleÂ¹× plural „ÃœËÅä
•Ê¢/“X¾•©Õ/«u¹×h©Õ ÆE ƪ½n¢ ªÃŸ¿Õ. peoples Æ¢˜ä NNŸµ¿ Ÿä¬Ç© “X¾•©Õ Ưä ƪ½n¢ «®¾Õh¢C. eg: The
peoples of India and Pakistan = ¦µÇª½Åý, ¤ÄÂú “X¾•©Õ. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E C, wrong.
05. Answer B. ®¾¢¦¢-Cŵ Œ ÆCµ-ÂÃ-ªÂ½x ¹× ÆÅŒ¯Ã N†¾-§ŒÖEo X¶ªÏ ÃuŸ¿Õ Íä¬Çœ¿ÕÑ ÆE ƪ½n¢. ®Ô ¾¢¦¢CµÅŒ ÆCµÂÃ-ª½Õ©ÕÑ
Ưä ƪ½n¢, authorities concerned Æ¢˜ä¯ä «®¾Õh¢C. concerned authorities Æ¢˜ä ‚¢Ÿî-@ÁÊ Í碟¿Õ-ÅŒÕÊo
ÆCµ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ©Õ Ưä ƪ½n¢ «®¾Õh¢C. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E A and D, wrong. Report ÅŒªÃyÅŒ about ªÃŸ¿Õ. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E C,
wrong.
08. Answer C = X¾Â¹~ש ÆŸµ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢. A= «ÖÊ« ¯Ã’¹-J-¹ÅÃ, ®¾¢®¾ˆ%A X¾J-ºÇ«Õ¢ ’¹ÕJ¢-*Ê ¬Ç®¾Y¢.
D = X¾Â¹~×-©ÊÕ …¢Íä¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× …Ÿä-Pl ¢-*Ê åXŸ¿l X¾¢•ª½¢/’¹C (Zoo©©ð …¢šÇªá ƒN)
09 Answer: C. ʪ½-«Ö¢®¾ ¦µ¼Â¹~-¹שÕ) ®¾yèÇ-A¯ä A¯ä •¢ÅŒÕ-«Û©Õ, ÍäX©¾ Õ, ÂíEo ª½Âé ¤Ä«á©©Ç¢šËN)
A = ÆEo ª½Âé ‚£¾É-ªÃ©ÊÕ (¬Ç¹/«Ö¢²Ä-£¾É-ªÃ©Õ) A¯ä “¤ÄºÕ©Õ (…ŸÄ-£¾Ç-ª-º ½ ¹×, «ÖÊ-«Û©Õ) B = «Ö¢²Ä-£¾É-
ª½Õ©Õ, X¾Û©Õ©Õ/®Ï¢£¾É-©Çx¢-šNË . D = ‚¹שÖ, Æ©-«á©Ö A¯ä •¢ÅŒÕ-«Û©Õ.
2 of 3 2/23/2009 5:47
Welcome to Eenadu - Education Special http://eenadu.net/specialpages/sp-edumain.asp?qry=sp-edumain9
Chaduvu Main
3 of 3 2/23/2009 5:47