Maitrangdoan

o an mon hoc Qua trnh Thiet b
CBHD: Mai Thanh PHong

SAY NG THUNG QUAY
CHNG I: TONG QUAN
GII THIEU AU E O AN
Say la phng phap thng dung trong cong nghiep
va i song. Ket qua cua qua trnh say lam cho ham
lng chat kho trong vat lieu tang len. ieu o co y
ngha quan trong tren nhieu phng dien khac nhau. V du:
oi vi cac nong san va thc pham nham tang cng
tnh ben vng trong bao quan, oi vi cac nhien lieu
( than, cui) c nang cao lng nhiet chay, oi vi gom
s lam tang o ben c hoc, giam chi ph van chuyen
Nguyen tac cua qua trnh say la cung cap nang
lng nhiet e bien oi trang thai cua pha long trong vat
lieu thanh hi. Hau het cac vat lieu trong qua trnh san
xuat eu cha pha long la nc nen ngi ta thng goi
la am.
Tuy theo qua trnh cap nhiet cho am ma ngi ta
phan ra cac phng phap say khac nhau: cap nhiet bang
oi lu goi la say oi lu, cap nhiet bang dan nhiet goi
la say tiep xuc, cap nhiet bang bc xa goi la say bc
xa
He thong say thung quay la he thong say chuyen
dung e say hat, cuc nho. He thong say thung quay
cung la he thong say oi lu. Trong o an nay, em xin
trnh bay ve qui trnh cong nghe va thiet b say thung
quay dung e say ng vi nang xuat au ra la
1200kg/h.
GII THIEU VE NGUYEN LIEU.
Nc ta la mot nc nhiet i nen ng c san
xuat chu yeu t cay ma. ng c em i say la
nhng tinh the saccharose, co kch thc trung bnh la 0,8
mm.
Saccarose la mot ng kep co cong thc phan t
la C
12
H
22
O
11
, gom 2 phan t - D - glucose va - D - fructose
lien ket vi nhau bang lien ket 1,2 glucoside.
Do o saccarose khong con tnh kh, khong tao c
osazone. No b caramel hoa nhiet o nong chay t 160
Sinh Vien : Bui Thi Mai Trang
MSSV : 60503026
trang 1
1.
Saccarose
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
180
o
C. Nhng nhiet o ln hn 105
0
C th ng se b
caramel hoa mot phan lam ng b sam mau.
Trong t nhien, saccarose co trong ma, cu cai ng,
thot not,
CHNG 2: QUY TRNH CONG NGHE
2.1.S O QUY TRNH CONG NGHE:
2.2.HNH VE QUY TRNH CONG NGHE:
2.3. THUYET MINH QUY TRNH CONG NGHE
Vat lieu:
ng sau khi ly tam se c a en gau tai e van
chuyen len cao roi a vat lieu vao c cau nhap lieu vao
thung say. Tai thung say, ng se i sau vao thung
say, c xao tron bi cac canh nang khi thung quay.
ong thi se dien ra qua trnh trao oi am vi TNS. Qua
trnh c the dien ra t khi ng bat au vao thung va
MSSV : 60503026
trang 2
1.
ng
sau say
Bang
tai
Thung
say
C cau nhap
lieu
ng
Gau
Calorif
e
Quat
ay
Nc
ngng
Xyclon Xyclon
Quat
hut
Bui
ng
Hi
nc
Khong
kh
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
ra khoi thung e at c o am theo yeu cau k thuat.
cuoi thung say, ng sau khi c tach am se c
thao lieu ra ngoai, c van chuyen bang he thong bang
tai. Nhiet o au ra cua ng kha cao ( khoang40
0
C)
nen phai c lam nguoi. Co 2 cach e thc hien qua
trnh lam nguoi ng:

Dung luong khong kh lanh, kho thoi cng bc e lam
nguoi.
Lam nguoi t nhien bang cach li dung o dai thch hp
cua he thong bang tai.
Tac nhan say:
Khong kh ieu kien bnh thng (27
0
C, 85%) c
quat ay a vao he thong qua ong dan kh vao calorife
e tien hanh trao oi nhiet len 92
0
C, sau o c dan
vao thung say. Do co s mat mat nhiet tren ng ong
dan nen khi TNS vao ti thung quay nhiet o con 90
0
C. Tai
thung say, TNS se tien hanh qua trnh truyen nhiet va
dan am ra khoi vat lieu say. Nhiet o TNS giam dan va
khi ra khoi thung say ch con 40
0
C.
Trong khong kh ra khoi thung co lan bui ng, hon
hp kh-bui nay c dan vao cyclon e loc va thu bui
ng, khong kh sach c thai ra ngoai moi trng.
Calorife c gia nhiet bang hi nc bao hoa ap
suat 2 atm lay t lo hi. Nhien lieu dung e ot lo hi
la dau FO.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 3
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
PHAN 3: TNH TOAN CAN BANG VAT CHAT
VA CAN BANG NANG LNG
CAC THONG SO:
Nang suat nhap lieu tnh theo san pham G
2
=1200 kg/h
o am ban au cua vat lieu say: u
1
=2%=0.02
o am ban au cua vat lieu say: u
2
=0.4%=0.004
Khoi lng rieng the tch cua ng :
v
=990+27u kg/m
3
(CT2.84,tr100-
[2])
Nhiet dung rieng cua ng:C
= 996+1.6T (J/kg.K)
( tr 100-[2])
ng knh tng ng hat ng: d=0,8 mm
Chon qua trnh say xuoi chieu.
Chon cng o say A=9 (kg/m
3
h)
(Bang 6.2,tr 179- [6])
CONG THC DUNG XAC NH CAC THONG
SO CUA TAC NHAN SAY:
Ap suat hi bao hoa:
,
_
+

) ( 5 . 235
42 . 4026
12 exp
0
C t
P
b
(bar).
Ham am:

b
b
P P
P
x
*
*
622 . 0
(kg am/kg kkk). (CT

VII.11-tr95-[11])
'
) 622 . 0 (
) 622 . 0 (
x
xP
P
x P
xP
b
b
Trong o: P
a
- ap suat kh quyen: P
a
= 1.013 bar.( 760
mmHg)
Enthalpy:
) . ( . t C r x t C I
h o k
+ +
(kJ/kg). (CT VII.13-
tr95-[11])
Trong o:
C
k
= 1 kJ/kg.K - nhiet dung rieng cua khong kh kho.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 4
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
C
h
= 1.97 kJ/kg.K - nhiet dung rieng cua hi nc.
r
o
= 2493 kJ/kg - an nhiet hoa hi cua nc.
t nhiet o khong kh (
0
C).
x ham am (kg am/kgkkk).
) 97 . 1 2493 ( t x t I + +
The tch rieng cua khong kh am:
b b
P P
T
P P M
RT
v

288
) (
(m
3
/kgkk). (CT VII.8-tr94-
[11])
Trong o
R - hang so kh: R =8314 J/kmol.o.
M - khoi lng khong kh: M = 29 kg/kmol.
P, P
b
- ap suat kh tri va phan ap suat bao hoa cua hi
nc trong khong kh (N/m
2
).
Khoi lng rieng cua khong kh am:
,
_

P
P
TP
P T
b
o
o
o
. 378 . 0
1

(kg/m
3
) (CT VII.9-tr95-
[2])
Trong o:
P, P
b
lay n v la N/m
2
.
T
o
nhiet o tieu chuan: T
o
= 273 K
o
khoi lng rieng khong kh kho ieu kien chuan:
o
=
1,293 kg/m
3
.
XAC NH CAC THONG SO TRANG THAI
TAC NHAN SAY TRONG QUA TRNH SAY LY
THUYET:
Thong so trang thai cua khong kh ngoai tri (A):
Vay tai iem A, ta co:
t
o
= 27
o
C;
0
=85%
Ap suat hi bao hoa: P
b0
= 0,03548 bar.
Ham am: x
0
= 0,0188 kg am/kgkkk.
Enthalpy: I
0
= 75.37 kJ/kg.
The tch rieng cua khong kh am: v
0
= 0,879 m
3
/kgkk.
Khoi lng rieng :
0
=1,202 kg/m
3
.
Thong so trang thai cua tac nhan say vao thung say (B):
Khong kh ngoai tri t trang thai (A) c a vao
calorife nh quat hut va c ot nong ang am en
trang thai B(x
1
, t
1
) (ngha la x
1
= x
0
= 0,0188 kgam/kgkk) e
a vao thung say.
Ro rang, nhiet o t
1
tai iem B la nhiet o cao nhat
cua tac nhan say, c quy nh bi tnh chat cua vat
lieu say va che o cong nghe va c chon phan
MSSV : 60503026
trang 5
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
tren. Do ng b nga mau khi nhiet o tren 105
0
C nen ta
can nhiet o tac nhan say di nhiet o nay. Chon:
Tai iem B: t
1
= 90
o
C; x
1
= x
0
= 0.0188 kg am/kgkk.
Khi o ap dung cac cong thc a neu phan III.1.,
cac thong so khac cua tac nhan say trang thai B c
xac nh nh sau:
b1
= 0.6908 bar.
o am tng oi:
1
= 0.043 = 4.3 %.
Enthalpy: I
1
= 140.2 kJ/kg.
1
= 2.45 m
3
/kgkk.
Khoi lng rieng :
1
= 0.784 kg/m
3
Thong so trang thai cua tac nhan say ra khoi thung say
(C):
Khong kh trang thai B c ay vao thiet b say
e thc hien qua trnh say.
Nhiet o tac nhan say ra khoi thung say t
2
tuy chon
sao cho ton that nhiet do tac nhan say mang i la be
nhat nhng phai tranh hien tng ong sng (ngha la
tranh trang thai C nam tren ng bao hoa). ong thi,
ham am cua tac nhan say tai C phai nho hn o am
can bang cua vat lieu say tai iem o e vat lieu say
khong hut am tr lai.
Vi qua trnh say ly thuyet ta co: I
2
= I
1
= 140.2 kJ/kgkk;
= 100 %.
t
s
= 37
0
C chon t
2
= 40
o
C.
Khi o ap dung cac cong thc a neu, cac thong
so khac cua tac nhan say trang thai C c xac nh
nh sau:
b2
= 0.073 bar.
Ham am: x
2
= 0.03896 kg am/kgkk.
o am tng oi:
2
= 0.8179 =82%.
2
= 0.94535 m
3
/kgkk.
Khoi lng rieng :
1
= 1.1386 kg/m
3
.
Trang thai tac nhan say trong qua trnh say ly thuyet
tom tat Bang 1.
Bang1: Trang thai tac nhan say trong qua trnh say
ly thuyet:
ai
lng
Trang thai
khong kh
ban au
(A)
Trang thai
khong kh vao
thiet b say
(B)
Trang thai
khong kh ra
khoi thiet b
say (C)
t (
o
C) 27 90 40
MSSV : 60503026
trang 6
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
0.85 0.043 0,8179
x
(kg/kgkk)
0.0188 0.0188 0,03896
I (kJ/kgkk) 74.87 140.2 140.2
P
b
(bar) 0.03548 0.6908 0,073
v
(m
3
/kgkk)
0.878 1.45 0.94535
(kg/m
3
)
1.202 0.784 1,1386
TNH CAN BANG VAT CHAT:
Phng trnh can bang vat chat:
W u G u G
W G G
+
+
2 2 1 1
2 1
Lng am boc hi trong 1 gi:
( )
59 . 19
) 02 , 0 1 (
) 004 , 0 02 , 0 ( 1200
1
1
2 1 2
u
u u G
W
kg/h.
Lng vat lieu kho tuyet oi:
2 . 1195 ) 004 , 0 1 ( * 1200 ) 1 (
2 2
u G G
k
kg/h.
Nang suat nhap lieu tnh theo vat lieu ban au:
59 . 1219 59 . 19 1200
2 1
+ + W G G kg/h.
Lng tac nhan kho can thiet:
73 . 971
0188 , 0 03896 , 0
59 . 19
1 2

x x
W
L
kg/h.
Lng tac nhan tieu hao rieng:
603 . 49
0188 , 0 03896 , 0
1 1
1 2

x x W
L
l
kgkk/kg am.
XAC NH CAC THONG SO TRANG THAI CUA
TAC NHAN SAY TRONG QUA TRNH THC TE:
Can bang nang lng chung cho qua trnh say:
V qua trnh say khong co bo sung nhiet lng va thiet
b say thung quay khong co thiet b chuyen tai Q
bs
= Q
vc
= 0. Nh vay:
Nhiet lng a vao thiet b say gom:
Nhiet lng do tac nhan say nhan c trong caloriphe: L(I
1

I
0
).
Nhiet lng do vat lieu say mang vao: [(G
1
- W)C
v1
+ WC
a
].t
v1
.
Nhiet lng a ra khoi thiet b say gom:
Nhiet lng ton that do tac nhan say mang i: L(I
2
I
0
).
Nhiet lng ton that qua c cau bao che: Q
bc
.
Nhiet lng do vat lieu say mang ra: G
2
.C
v2
.t
V2
.
Trong o:
t
v1
- nhiet o ban au cua vat lieu say, thng lay bang
nhiet o moi trng:
MSSV : 60503026
trang 7
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
t
v1
= t
0
= 27
o
C.
t
v2
- nhiet o cuoi cua vat lieu say sau khi ra khoi thiet b
say:
t
v2
= t
2
(5
o
C) = 40 5 = 35
o
C.
C
v
- nhiet dung rieng cua vat lieu say vi o am u:
C
v
= C
vk
(1 - u) + C
a
.u

(kJ/kg.K).
C
a
- nhiet dung rieng cua am (nc): C
a
= C
n
= 4180 J/kg.K.
C
k
- nhiet dung rieng cua vat lieu kho: C
vk
= 996 + 1,26T
(J/kg. ).
kg J T C
v k
/ 08 . 1384 ) 35 273 ( 26 , 1 996 26 , 1 996
2 2
+ + +

{ K kg J u C u C C
a k v
. / 26 . 1395 004 , 0 . 4180 ) 004 , 0 1 ( 08 . 1384 . ) 1 (
2 2 2 2
+ +
Can bang nhiet lng vao va ra he thong say:
L(I
1
I
0
) + [(G
1
- W)C
v1
+ WC
a
]t
v1
= L(I
2
I
0
) + Q
bc
+ G
2
.C
v2
.t
V2
at Q
v
- ton that nhiet do vat lieu say mang i: Q
v
=
G
2
C
v2
(t
v2
t
v1
)
Mat khac:
G
2
= G
1
W
Nhiet lng tieu hao cho qua trnh say thc:
Q = L(I
1
I
0
) = L(I
2
I
0
) + Q
bc
+ Q
v
W.C
a
.t
v1
Nhiet lng tieu hao rieng (nhiet lng can e boc hi 1kg
am):
q = l(I
1
I
0
) = l(I
2
I
0
) + q
bc
+ q
v
C
a
.t
v1
Trong o:
W
Q
q
bc
bc

W
t t C G
W
Q
q
v v v v
v
) (
1 2 2

Ton that nhiet do vat lieu say: coi C
v1
= C
v2
Q
v
= G
2
C
v2
(tv
2
t
v1
) = 1200*1395.26*(35 27)
= 13394496 J/h = 13394.5 kJ/h.
74 . 683
59 . 19
5 . 13394

W
Q
q
v
v
kJ/kg am.
Nhiet do am trong vat lieu a vao:
W.C
a
.t
v1
= 19.59*4.18*27 = 2210.9 kJ/h.
C
a
.t
v1
= 4.18*27 = 112.86kJ/kg am.
Ton that nhiet qua c cau bao che:
Q
bc
= (0.03 0.05)*Q
hi
.
Chon Q
bc
= 0,040 Q
hi
Vi Q
hi
= W [r
v1
+ C
h
(t
2
t
v1
)] - nhiet hu ch (tc la
nhiet can thiet e lam bay hi am trong vat lieu va nang
nhiet o am t nhiet o ban au en nhiet o cuoi
thung say).
Trong o:
MSSV : 60503026
trang 8
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
r
v1
- an nhiet hoa hi cua nc trong vat lieu say nhiet
o vao :
r
v1
= 2428.99 kJ/kg. (c ni suy)
(BangI.212-tr254-[10])
Q
hi
= 19.59*(2428.99 + 1,97.(40-27)) = 48085.614 kJ/h..
Q
bc
= 0,040 Q
hi
= 0,040 * 48085.614 = 1923.42 kJ/h.
18 . 98
59 . 19
42 . 1923

W
Q
q
bc
bc
kJ/kg am.
at nhiet lng rieng can bo sung cho qua trnh
say thc (la ai lng ac trng cho s sai khac gia qua
trnh say thc te va say ly thuyet): C
a
t
v1
q
bc
q
v

Vi qua trnh say ly thuyet: = 0
Vi qua trnh say thc te: 0 va c tnh nh sau:
= C
a
.t
v1
q
bc
q
v
= 112.86 98.18 672.57 = 657.89 kJ/kg
am.
V < 0
C
a
t
v1
< q
bc
+ q
v

I
2
< I
1

trang thai tac nhan

say sau qua trnh say thc nam di ng I
1
(ng say
thc te nam di ng say ly thuyet)
Xac nh ham am x
2
ng vi qua trnh say thc
thong qua t
2
a biet:
03485 , 0
) 40 * 97 , 1 2493 ( 89 . 657
40 * . 1 0188 , 0 ) 89 . 657 ( 2 . 140
) (
*
2
2 1 '
2

+
+ +
+
+ +
t C r
t C x I
x
h o
k
kgam/kgkk
(CT
VII.26-tr105-[11])
Ap dung cac cong thc tng ng a neu, cac
thong so khac cua tac nhan say au ra cua thung
say trong qua trnh say thc (C) c xac nh nh sau:
Enthalpy: 894 . 98
'
2
I kJ/kgkk.
Ap suat hi bao hoa: 0.073bar.
o am tng oi: % 6 . 73 736 , 0
'
2
.
The tch rieng cua khong kh am: 972 , 0
'
2
v m
3
/kgkk.
Khoi lng rieng:
3 '
2
kg/m 11 . 1 .
Lng tac nhan kho can thiet:
56 . 1220
0188 , 0 03485 , 0
59 . 19
1
'
2
'
x x
W
L
kg kkk/h.
Lng tac nhan tieu hao rieng:

3 . 62
0188 , 0 03485 , 0
1 1
1
'
2
'
'

x x W
L
l
kg kkk/kg am.
Lng nhiet can cung cap cho qua trnh say thc:
Q= L *(I
1
I
2
) + Q
bc
+ Q
v
W.C
a
.t
v1
= 1220.56*(140.2 -98.894) + 1923.42 + 13394.5 2210.9
= 63523.47 kJ/h.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 9
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Lng nhiet cung cap rieng:
3242064
59 . 19
47 . 63523
'

W
Q
q (kJ/kg am).
Hieu suat say:
% 69 . 75 7569 . 0
47 . 63523
614 . 48085
'

Q
Q
hi
.
Trang thai tac nhan say trong qua trnh say thc te
c tom tat trong
Bang2: Trang thai cua tac nhan say trong qua trnh
say thc te:
ai
lng
Trang thai
khong kh
ban au (A)
Trang
thai
khong
kh vao
thiet b
say (B)
Trang thai
khong kh ra
khoi thiet
b say (C)
t (
o
C) 27 90 40
(n 0,85 0,43 0,74
x
(kg/kgkk)
0,0188 0,0188 0,03485
I (kJ/kgkk) 74.87 140.2 98.894
p
b
(bar) 0,03548 0,6908 0,073
v
(m
3
/kgkk)
0,878 1.45 0,972
(kg/m
3
)
1,202 0,784 1,11
TNH THI GIAN SAY:
Tnh thi gian say
ph ph h
W W A
W W
d
20 2 . 19 32 , 0
)] 4 , 0 2 ( 200 [ 9
) 4 , 0 2 .( 18 , 0 . 990 . 2
)] ( 200 [
) ( 2
2 1
2 1

+

(CT 6.44 tr178-[6])
PHAN 4: TNH TOAN THIET B CHNH
TNH TOAN THIET B CHNH:
Thiet b say ng s dung canh nang.
(Bang 6.2 tr179-[6])
Chon he so cha ay =0.18
(Bang 6.1 tr177-[6])
MSSV : 60503026
trang 10
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Chon toc o quay cua thung: n=1 vong/ph
Chon goc nghieng cua thung
=5
0
The tch thung say tnh theo ly thuyet:
3
1767 . 2
9
59 . 19
m
A
W
V
T
(CT 6.42-
tr178-[6])
Thi gian lu cua vat lieu trong thung:
tg D n
L k m
T
T
. .
. .
1
1

Trong o:
k
1
- he so lu y en ac tnh chuyen ong cua vat lieu.
Trng hp say xuoi chieu: k
1
= 0.2 0.7 chon k
1
= 0.6 ( tr
176-[1])
m - he so lu y en dang canh trong thung. oi vi canh
nang: m = 0,5. (tr 176-[1])
e qua trnh say at yeu cau ve cac thong so au
ra cua vat lieu th
1
Chon ph 20
1

=>
1
1
.
. . .
k m
tg D n
L
T
T

Ma
1
1
3 2
. . 4
. .
4
.
k m
tg n D
L
D
V
T T
T

ng knh thung
m
tg tg n
k m V
D
T
78 . 0
5 * 1 * 20 *
6 , 0 * 5 , 0 * 1767 . 2 * 4
. . .
. . 4
3 3
1
1

.
Chieu dai thung
m m
D
V
L
T
T
T
56 . 4 555 . 4
78 . 0 * 14 , 3
1767 . 2 * 4 4
2 2

Chon D
T
=0.8m; L
T
= 4.6m.
Khi o, the tch thc cua thung say:
31 . 2 6 . 4
4
8 . 0 .
4
.
2 2

L
D
V
T
T
m
3
.
Thi gian lu cua vat lieu theo thong so thung a chon:
ph
tg tg D n
L k m
T
T
5 . 19
5 * 8 . 0 * 1
56 . 4 * 6 , 0 * 5 , 0
. .
. .
1
1

(CT6.39-
tr174-[6])
So sanh gia thi gian lu vat lieu va thi gian say:
% 5 . 2 % 100 *
20
5 . 19 20
1
1
Thi gian lu vat lieu trong thung say bang thi gian
sy.
=> Cac thong so chon tren la hp ly.
Tnh toc o tac nhan say
MSSV : 60503026
trang 11
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Lu lng the tch cua tac nhan say sau calorife:
) / ( 8 . 1769 56 . 1220 * 45 . 1
3 '
1 1
h m L v V
Lu lng the tch cua tac nhan say sau thung say:
) / ( 38 . 1186 56 . 1220 * 972 . 0 ' '
3 '
2 2
h m L v V
Lu lng the tch trung bnh cua tac nhan say trong
thung:
) / ( 09 . 1478
2
38 . 1186 8 . 1769
2
'
3 2 1
_
h m
V V
V
+
Tiet dien t do cua thung say:

) ( 412 , 0
4
8 . 0 .
) 18 , 0 1 (
4
.
) 18 , 0 1 ( ) 1 (
2
2 2
m
D
F F
T
T

Toc o tac nhan say i trong thung:
) / ( 996 . 0 ) / ( 6 . 3587
412 . 0
09 . 1478
_
s m h m
F
V
v
k

Chon toc o tac nhan say trong thung : 1m/s
CHIEU CAO LP VAT LIEU TRONG THUNG:
Ty le cha ay vat lieu trong thung:
1
F
F
c

=0.18
Vi F
1
- tiet dien ngang cua thung :
. 503 . 0
4
8 . 0 *
4
2
2 2
m
D
F
T
l

Va F
c
- tiet dien cha ay:
F
c
= .F
l
= 0,18*0.503 =0.09 m
2
.
Do:
5625 , 0
4 , 0
09 , 0
2
2 sin
180
.
2
2 sin .
180
2 /
2
2 2

R R
F

= 57.98
o
=58
o
Chieu cao cha ay vat lieu trong thung:
h = R(1 cos) = 0,4*(1 cos 58
o
) 0,188 m = 188 mm.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 12
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Dien tch vat lieu tac dung len thung:
2 8616 . 1 180 / ) 6 . 4 . 4 , 0 . 58 . ( . .
1
m L R F
Khoi lng khoi vat lieu trong thung:
M
nl
= G
1 1
= 1219,95*19.5/60=396.48kg
TNH BE DAY THUNG:
Nhiet o tnh toan chon 90
0
C
Do ap suat d be hn 5.10
4
N/m
2
nen ta tnh thung theo
trng hp than chu ap suat trong P= 0.1 N/m
2
Chon vat lieu lam thung la thep OX18H10T

MSSV : 60503026
trang 13
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Bang 3 : Cac tnh chat cua vat lieu che tao thung:
STT Thong so
K
hieu
n
v
Nguon Gia tr
1 ng suat tieu
chuan
[]*
N/mm
2
Hnh 12/p22-
[8]
140
2 Gii han an
toan

n v p26-[8] (co
boc cach
nhiet)
0,95
3 He so ben
moi han

h
n v Bang 1.7/p24-
[8]
0,95
4
ng suat cho
phep
[] N/mm
2
[] = []*
CT 1.9/p23-[8]
133
5
Khoi lng
rieng
s
Kg/m
3
p313-[2] 7900
ng suat cua vat lieu: []= []* =140*0,95 = 133 N/mm
2
Kiem tra ieu kien :
5 . 1263 95 , 0 .
1 , 0
133 ] [

h
P

>25 (CT 5.1-tr130-

[8])
Chieu day toi thieu cua thung :
mm
p D
S
h
T
316 , 0
95 , 0 . 133 . 2
1 , 0 * 800
]. [ 2
.

Theo tr 128-[7] chon S=3mm
He so bo sung kch thc: C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co
(CT1.10/p27,[8])
Bang4: Cac he so bo sung kch thc cho be day
thung:
ST
T
He so
bo sung
kch
thc
K
hie
u
Gia
tr
(mm
)
Ghi chu
1
He so
bo sung
do an
mon hoa
hoc
C
a
0
oi vi vat lieu ben trong moi
trng co o an mon hoa hoc
khong ln hn 0.05mm/nam.
2
He so
bo sung
do bao
mon c
hoc
C
b
1
Do nguyen lieu la cac hat ran
chuyen ong, va ap trong thiet
b gia tr C
b
chon theo thc
nghiem.
3 He so
bo sung
C
c
0.5 Phu thuoc vao chieu day cua
tam thep lam thung. Vi thung
MSSV : 60503026
trang 14
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
do sai lech
khi che
tao
bang thep khong g 0X18H10T
day 5mm th C
3
= 0.5mm (Bang
XIII.9/p364-[11])
4
He so
quy tron
kch thc
C
o
0.5
oi vi thung say S = (0.0055
0.007)D mm tc la S = (4.4
5.6)mm, chon C
o
= 3 cho thoa.
C = 0 + 1 + 0.5 + 0.5= 2mm

Be day thc cua than thung:
S = S + C = 3 + 2 = 5mm (CT
5.9/p131,[8])
Kiem tra cac ieu kien:
0065 , 0
800
0 5
T
a
D
C S
thoa ieu kien
1 , 0 <
T
a
D
C S
(CT
5.10/p131,[8])
Ap suat ln nhat cho phep trong than thiet b:
56956 . 1
) 0 5 ( 800
) 0 5 ( 95 , 0 133 2
) (
) .( ]. [ 2
] [
+

a T
a h
C S D
C S
p

N/mm
2
=1,569.10
6
N/m
2
(CT 5.11/p131,[8])
thoa ieu kien [p] > p = 0,1.10
6
N/m
2
.
TNH TR LC QUA THUNG SAY:
Trong he thong say thung quay, tac nhan say khong
nhng i qua lp hat nam tren canh va tren mat thung
say ma con i qua dong hat ri t nh thung va cac
canh t tren xuong. Do o, tr lc cua tac nhan say
trong thung say co nhng ac thu rieng va c tnh theo
cac cong thc kinh nghiem.
Bang 5:Cac thong so cua tac nhan say trong
thung say:
ST
T
Thong so K hieu n v Gia tr
1 Van toc v
k
m/s 1
2 Nhiet o
trung bnh
t
k
o
C 65
3 He so dan
nhiet

k
W/m.K 0,0283
4 o nht

k
Ns/m
2
2,03.10
-5
5 Khoi lng
rieng

k
kg/m
3
0.947
6 o nht
ong

k
m
2
/s 2,01.10
-5
MSSV : 60503026
trang 15
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Chuan so Reynolds:
3 . 37
10 03 , 2
947 , 0 0008 , 0 1 . .
Re
5

k
k k
d v
(CT V.36/p13,[11])
Khoi lng rieng dan xuat cua khoi hat chuyen ong trong
thung say:
) / (
2 75 , 0
) ( 25 , 0
3 2 1
m kg
V
G G
dx

+
(CT 10.23/p,[12])
) / ( 42 . 31
31 . 2 2 75 , 0
18 . 0 ) 1200 95 . 1219 ( 25 , 0
3
m kg
dx

+

Tr lc cua dong tac nhan i qua lp vat lieu trong thung
say:
d g
C v L a
P
k k
hat
. . 2
. . . .
2

(mmH
2
O) (CT 10.19/p,[12])
Trong o:
a - he so thuy ong.
36 . 35
3 . 37
100
3 . 37
490
85 , 5
Re
100
Re
490
85 , 5 + + + + a
(CT 10.20/p,[12])
C - he so ac trng cho o chat cua lp hat
2
1

C
(CT 10.21/p,
[12])
Vi :
968 , 0
990
42 . 31 990
v
dx v
(CT 10.22/p,
[12])
0342 , 0
968 . 0
968 . 0 1 1
2 2

C

2
2 hat
/ 5 . 3292 6 . 335
0008 , 0 81 , 9 2
0342 , 0 947 , 0 1 6 . 4 36 . 35
m N O mmH P

XAC NH KCH THC CANH AO:
S dung canh nang lam bang thep khong g
0X18H10T co cac thong so ac trng nh sau: (Bang
6.1/P167,[6]):
He so cha ay: = 18%
Goc gap cua canh: = 140
o
576 . 0
T
D
h
;
122 . 0
2

T
c
D
F
Vi:
h: chieu cao ri trung bnh cua hat vat lieu
D
T
: ng knh thung
F
c
: be mat cha vat lieu cua canh.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 16
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
F
c
= 0.122*D
T
2

= 0.122*0.8
2
= 0,078 m
2
.
Hnh : Ky hieu cac kch thc canh ao.
Theo cac k hieu kch thc tren hnh cua canh ao
tron, ta co:
( )
C
F a c b c a b c + +
Chon cac thong so cho canh:
a = 100 mm.
b = 130mm.
d = 5 mm.
=> . 339 . 0
15 . 0 100 . 0
078 . 0
m
b a
F
c
c
Chon :
o c = 340 mm
o So canh tren mot mat cat : 12 canh.
Vi chieu dai thung say L
T
= 4.6 m ta lap 13 oan
canh doc theo chieu dai thung. O au nhap lieu cua
thung lap canh xoan e dan vat lieu vao thung vi
chieu dai :
l
o
= L
T
n*c = 4.6 13*0.34 = 0,18 m.
Khoi lng mot canh nang:
m=F
c
*d*
s
= (0,1+0,13)*0,34*0,005*7900 = 3.0889 kg
Khoi lng cua tat ca canh trong thung :
M= 13*12*m =482 kg
TNH TOAN CACH NHIET CHO THUNG SAY :
e giup may say khong b mat mat nhiet ln va
e am bao nhiet o ben ngoai may say khong qua
cao, co the cho phep cong nhan lam viec ben canh c
ta nen boc lp cach nhiet cho may say.
Tnh he so cap nhiet t dong tac nhan
say en thanh trong cua thung
1
:
Bang 6 : Cac thong so cua tac nhan say trong
thung say:
MSSV : 60503026
trang 17
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
ST
T
Thong so K hieu n v Gia tr
1 Van toc v
k
m/s 1
2 Nhiet o
trung bnh
t
k
o
C 64
3 He so dan
nhiet

k
W/m.K 0,0283
4 o nht

k
Ns/m
2
2,03.10
-5
5 Khoi lng
rieng

k
kg/m
3
1,008
6 o nht
ong

k
m
2
/s 2,01.10
-5
Chuan so Reynolds:
39801
10 . 01 , 2
8 . 0 1
Re
5

k
T k
D v
. (CT V.36/p13-[11])
V Re > 10
4
dong tac nhan chay roi trong thung say.
Qua trnh truyen nhiet trong thung xem nh la qua trnh
truyen nhiet trong ong co dong chay xoay roi, co the
bo qua s truyen nhiet do oi lu t nhien.Vay qua trnh
truyen nhiet gia tac nhan say va thanh thiet b la
truyen nhiet do oi lu cng bc, dong chay trong ong
co
50 <
D
L
.
Chuan so Nusselt:
Nu = 0,018.
l
.Re
0,8
(CT
V.42/p16-[11])
Trong o:
,
_
D
L
f
l
Re,
= 1.252
Vi: Re = 39801 va
7 . 5
D
L
Nu = 0,018*1,252*(39801)
0,8
= 107.84 (Bang
V.2/p15-[11])
He so cap nhiet
1
:
8 . 3
8 . 0
0283 , 0 * 84 , 107
1

T
k
D
Nu
W/m
2
.K. (CT
V.135/p41-[11])
Tnh he so cap nhiet t thanh ngoai cua
thung en moi trng xung quanh
2
:
Do thung say at trong phan xng san xuat, qua
trnh truyen nhiet t thanh ngoai cua thung en moi
trng xung quanh la qua trnh truyen nhiet do oi lu t
nhien (bo qua qua trnh truyen nhiet do bc xa nhiet). He
MSSV : 60503026
trang 18
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
so cap nhiet
2
c xac nh mot cach gan ung la he
so cap nhiet do oi lu t nhien cua ong nam ngang (v
thung say at nam ngang vi goc nghieng nho = 5
o
).
Theo [11], trong trng hp nay, cac hang so vat ly khi tnh
chuan so Nu, Gr lay theo nhiet o trung bnh cua lu chat
xa ong (tc la theo nhiet o trung bnh cua khong kh trong
moi trng xung quanh).
Bang7: Cac thong so cua khong kh ben ngoai
thung say:
STT Thong so
K
hieu
n
v
Gia tr
1 Nhiet o t
0
o
C 27
2 He so dan
nhiet

0
W/m.K 0,02649
3 o nht

0
Ns/m
2
1,85.10
-5
4 Khoi lng
rieng

0
kg/m
3
1,1177
5 o nht ong
0
m
2
/s 1,5710.10
-5
e nhiet o thanh ngoai cua thung (pha tiep xuc
vi khong kh) khong con qua nong, an toan cho ngi
lam viec, chon nhiet o thanh ngoai cua thung t
w4
= 40
o
C.
Do he so dan nhiet cua thep ln nen co the xem
nh nhiet o khong oi khi truyen qua be day than thung
va lp bao ve, ta co s o truyen nhiet nh Hnh 3.
Hnh 3: S o truyen nhiet qua vach thung.
Chon cac be day cua thung theo Bang8.
Bang8: Cac be day thung va vat lieu:
ST
T
ai
lng
Ky
hieu
Gia
tr
chon
Vat
lieu
He
so
dan
Nguon
MSSV : 60503026
trang 19
1.
t
o
t
w4
t
w1
1

2

3
t
k
1
: be day than
thung
2
: be day lp
cach nhiet
3
: be day lp
bao ve
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
(m)
nhiet

(W/mK
)
1
Be
day
lp
cach
nhiet
2
0,003
Bong
thuy
tinh
0,04
Bang
PV.1/P266,
[3]
1
Be day
lp
bao ve

3
0,001 CT3 50
Bang
XII.7/P313,
[11]
ng knh ngoai cua thung say:
D
ng
= D
T
+ 2.(
1
+
2
+
3
) = 0,8 + 2.(0,005 + 0,003 +
0,001) = 0.818 m.
Chuan so Grashof:
) 273 (
) .( .
0
2
0
0 4
3
2
0
3
+
t
t t D g T gD
Gr
w ng ng

(CT V.39/p13,[11])
8
2 5
3
10 * 43 . 9
) 27 273 ( * ) 10 . 5710 , 1 (
) 27 40 ( * 818 . 0 * 81 , 9
Gr
.
Chuan so Nusselt:
Nu = 0.47 Gr
0,25

= 0,47* (9,43.10
8
)
0,25
= 82.36

(CT
V.78/p25,[11])

He so cap nhiet
2
:
7 , 2
818 . 0
02649 , 0 * 36 , 82 .
0
2

ng
D
Nu
W/m
2
K. (CT V.135/p41,[11])
Tnh he so truyen nhiet cua thung K:
He so truyen nhiet K oi vi tng hnh ong co
chieu day khong day lam so vi ng knh, khi bo qua
nhiet tr cua lp cau:
41 , 1
7 , 2
1
50
001 , 0
04 , 0
003 , 0
3 , 16
005 , 0
8 . 3
1
1
1 1
1
2
3
1 1
+ + + +
+ +
i i
i
K
W/m
2
.K
(CT V.5/p3,[11])
Tnh be mat truyen nhiet cua thung F:
ng knh trung bnh cua may say:
809 , 0
2
818 . 0 8 . 0
2

+
ng T
tb
D D
D m
Be mat truyen nhiet gom dien tch xung quanh thung va
dien tch hai mat au cua thung:
7 . 12
4
809 , 0
2 6 . 4 809 , 0
4
.
. 2 . .
2 2
+ +

tb
T tb
D
L D F m
2
MSSV : 60503026
trang 20
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Tnh hieu so nhiet o trung bnh gia tac
nhan say va moi trng xung quanh
tb
:
Goi:
t
1
, t
1c
- nhiet o au va cuoi cua tac nhan say khi i qua
thung say
t
1
= t
1
= 90
o
C
t
c1
= t
2
= 40
o
C
t
2
,
2c
- nhiet o moi trng xung quanh : t
2
= t
2c
= t
o
= 27
o
C
Hieu so nhiet o cua 2 dong lu chat au vao va ra
cua thung say:
t
= t
1
t
2
= 90 27 = 63
o
C
t
c
= t
1c
t
2c
= 40 27 = 13
o
C
Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh gia tac nhan say va khong
kh ben ngoai:
68 , 31
13
63
ln
13 63
ln

c
c
tb
t
t
t t
t
o
C
Tnh lng nhiet mat mat ra moi trng
xung quanh:
Ta xem qua trnh truyen nhiet t ben trong thung say
qua lp cach nhiet, en moi trng ben ngoai la on
nh. Lng nhiet c truyen chnh la lng nhiet mat
mat ra moi trng xung quanh Q
xq
. Va lng nhiet mat mat
ra moi trng xung quanh khi boc hi 1 kg am q
xq
chnh bang
lng nhiet ton that qua c cau bao che q
bc
.
Theo phng trnh truyen nhiet:
25 . 103
1000 . 59 , 19
3600 . 68 , 31 . 72 , 12 . 41 , 1 . .

W
t F K
q
tb
xq
kJ/kg am
So sanh vi lng nhiet ton that qua c cau bao che gia
thiet ban au
% 9 . 4
25 . 103
18 . 98 25 . 103
xq
bc xq
q
q q
=> Be day lp cach nhiet chon thoa.

THIET KE BO PHAN TRUYEN ONG CHO THUNG:
Xac nh cong suat ong c dung quay
thung:
Cong suat can thiet e quay thung:
N
thung
= 0,0013.D
T
3
.L
T
..n.
v
( kW) (CT
VII.54/p123,[11])
Vi:
D
T
- ng knh trong cua thung: D
T
= 0.8 m.
L
T
- chieu dai thung: L
T
= 4.6 m.
- he so phu thuoc vao dang canh.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 21
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Vi canh nang, he so cha ay = 0,18:
= 0,059 (Bang VII.5/p123,[11])
n - toc o quay cua thung: n = 1 vong/ph.
v
- khoi lng rieng the tch cua vat lieu: = 990 kg/m
3
.
N
thung
= 0,0013.0,8
3
.4,6.0,059.1.990 = 0.18 kW
e quay c thung th cong suat lam viec cua ong
c phai ln hn cong suat can thiet e quay thung mot
lng nhat nh e co the thang lc ma sat gia thung
vi em (cho c cau bch kn au thung), hay do hieu
suat cua cac bo truyen khong at 100%,Ngoi ra, cng sut
ng c cn dng thng lc ma st ngh ban u hay mmen m my nn s chn
d nhiu so vi cng sut quay thng. Theo Bang 2P-tr32-[5], chon ong
c kieu A02-41-8 la ong c xoay chieu ba pha khong ong
bo roto ngan mach, co cac so lieu ky thuat sau:
Cong suat ong c: N
c
= 2,2 kW.
Van toc quay: n
c
=720 vong/ph.
Hieu suat:
c
= 81 %.
Cong suat lam viec cua ong c:
N
lv
= N
c
.
c
= 2,2*0,81=1,782 kW
N
lv
> N thoa ieu kien e quay thung.
Phan phoi ty so truyen ong cho he
thong truyen ong:
Ty so truyen chung cua toan bo he thong:
720
1
720
thung
dc

n
n
i
c
(tr30,[5])
Do ty so truyen qua ln nen phai s dung hop
giam toc e giam so vong quay va truyen cong suat t
ong c en truc cong tac cua thung.
Chon t so truyen cua bo truyen banh rang ngoai hop giam
toc: i
23
= 6
T so truyen cua hop giam toc:
120
6
720
23

i
i
i
h
Chon hop giam toc kieu truc vt-banh rang.
Chon t so truyen cho cac bo truyen trong hop giam toc:
oi vi hop giam toc truc vt-banh rang thng lay
t so truyen gia hai banh rang tru i
b.rg
= (0,03 0,06) i
h

Chon i
b.rg
= i
12
= 0,03i
h
= 0,03.120 = 4
T so truyen ong t ong c sang truc vt:
30
4
120
12
01

i
i
i i
h
tv
Van toc quay:
MSSV : 60503026
trang 22
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
j j
i
, 1
1 - j
j
n
n

(vong/ph)
Cong suat:
j j , 1
1 - j
j
N
N
(kW)
Cong suat can e quay thung:
22 . 0
81 , 0
18 , 0
'

dc
N
N
(kW)
Theo bang 2.1/tr27-[5], ta chon hieu suat cac bo truyen
nh sau:
Bo truyen banh rang tru h:
93 , 0
ho
Bo truyen banh rang tru kn trong hop giam toc:

96 , 0
kin
Bo truyen truc vt:

91 , 0
96 , 0 . 93 , 0
81 , 0
.

ho kin
dc
tv

Ta co bang ket qua tnh toan sau:

Bang9: S o truyen ong
Truc
Thong so
ong c Truc I Truc II Truc III
Ty so truyen i 30 4 6
Van toc quay n
(vong/ph)
720 24 6 1
Cong suat N (kW) 0.22 0.2002 0.1922 0.0179
Banh rang nho dung ch so 1, banh rang ln
dung ch so 2
Chon vat lieu lam banh rang:
Chon nhom banh rang co o ran HB 350, c cat
got chnh xac sau nhiet luyen (do o ran tng oi thap),
khong oi hoi phai qua cac nguyen cong tu sa at tien
nh mai, mai nghien Banh rang co kha nang chay mon
tot.
e tranh dnh be mat lam viec cua rang, lay o
ran cua banh rang nho ln hn banh rang ln 3050HB.
Banh rang nho co chu ky lam viec ln hn banh rang
ln nen chon vat lieu lam banh rang nho tot hn.
Bang 10: Cac thong so c tnh cua cac vat lieu
dung che tao cac banh rang:
Nhan hieu
thep
Gii han ben
keo []
bk
o
ran HB
ng knh
phoi
Banh Thep 35 480 N/mm
2
160
300 500
MSSV : 60503026
trang 23
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
rang ln thng hoa mm
Banh
rang
nho
Thep 45
thng hoa
580 N/mm
2
200
100 300
mm
nh ng suat moi tiep xuc va ng suat moi uon cho
phep:
ng suat tiep xuc cho phep:
[ ] [ ]
'
N Notx tx
k .
(N/mm
2
) (CT
3.1/tr38,[5])
Trong o:
[ ]
Notx
-ng suat tiep xuc cho phep khi banh rang lam viec
lau dai (N/mm
2
)
'
N
k
-he so chu k ng suat tiep xuc, tnh theo cong thc:
6
o '
N
N
N
k
c
(CT
3.2/tr42-[5])
N
o
-so chu k c s cua ng cong tiep xuc moi.
N
t
-so chu k tng ng.
Trng hp banh rang chu tai trong khong oi N
t
= N =
60unT.
Vi:
n -so vong quay trong 1 phut cua banh rang (vong/ph).
T -tong so gi lam viec cua banh rang (gi).
u -so lan an khp khi banh rang quay 1 vong (lan).
Bang 11: Bang ket qua tnh toan ng suat tiep xuc
cho phep:
Banh
rang nho
Banh
rang ln
Ghi chu
[ ]
Notx
2,6 HB 2,6 HB Bang 3.9/tr43-[5]
N
o
10
7
10
7
Bang 3.9/tr43-[5]
n
(vong/ph)
6 1 Bang 9
T (gi) 26400 26400 Gia s lam viec 10
nam, 330 ngay/nam va
8 gi/ngay
u (lan) 1 1 Banh rang tru rang
thang
N
t
9504000 1584000 Trng hp banh rang
chu tai trong khong oi
N
t
= N = 600unT
MSSV : 60503026
trang 24
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
'
N
k 1,0085 1,36
N
t
>N
o
:
'
N
k
tnh theo CT
3.2/tr42,[5]
[ ]
tx

(N/mm
2
)
524,42 565.76 CT 3.1/tr38-[5]
V
[ ]
1 tx
<
[ ]
2 tx
ta chon
[ ]
tx
=
[ ]
1 tx
= 524.42 N/mm
2
e tnh
toan.
ng suat uon cho phep:
Khi rang lam viec hai mat (rang chu ng suat thay
oi oi chieu):
[ ]
( )
' ' 1 ' ' 1
5 , 1 6 , 1 4 , 1
N N u
k
nK
k
nK

(N/mm
2
) (CT 3.5/tr42-[5])
Trong o:
-1
-ng suat moi uon trong chu k oi xng (N/mm
2
), co the
lay gan ung
-1
= 0,4
[ ]
bk
.
n -he so an toan.
K

-he so tap trung chan rang.
' '
N
k
-he so chu k ng suat uon, tnh theo cong thc:
m
td
o
N
N
N
k
' '
(CT 3.7/tr44,[5])
N
o
-so chu k c s cua ng cong moi uon, co the lay N
o
= 5.10
6
.
N
t
-so chu k tng ng.
m bac ng cong moi uon.
Bang 12: Bang ket qua tnh toan ng suat uon cho
phep:
Banh
rang nho
Banh rang
ln
Ghi chu
[ ]
bk
580 500
-1
(N/mm
2
)
232 200
Chon
-1
= 0,4[]
bk
He so
an toan
n
1,5 1,5 Banh rang bang thep
ren thng hoa
n
(vong/p
h)
6 1 Bang 11
T (gi) 26400 26400 Gia s lam viec 10
nam, 330 ngay/nam va
8 gi/ngay
MSSV : 60503026
trang 25
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
k
1,8 1,8 Banh rang bang thep

thng hoa
M 6 6 Banh rang bang thep
thng hoa
u (lan) 1 1 Banh rang tru rang
thang
N
t
9504000 1584000 Trng hp banh rang
chu tai trong khong oi
N
t
= N = 60unT
' '
N
k 0,9 1,21 CT 3.7/tr44,[5]
[]
u
(N/mm
2
)
116 134,4 CT 3.6/tr42,[5]
Chon s bo he so tai trong K:
Co the chon s bo K = 1,3 1,5 (trong o tr so nho
dung cho cac bo truyen co kha nang chay mon). Chon K
s
bo
= 1,4.
Chon he so chieu rong cho banh rang:
oi vi banh rang tru rang thang chu tai trong trung
bnh:
A
=
A
b
= 0,3 0.45.
Chon
A
= 0,3.
Xac nh khoang cach truc A:
oi vi banh rang tru rang thang an khp ngoai,
khoang cach truc A:
A
3
2 A
2
tx
6
n
KN
i ] [
10 . 05 , 1
) 1 i (
,
_
+ (mm) (CT 3.9/tr45,[5])

Trong o:
n
2
so vong quay trong 1 phut cua banh rang b dan n
2
= 1
vong/ph.
N cong suat truyen cua bo truyen:
N=0,22*0,93*0,96=0,1964
05 , 308
1 . 3 , 0
1964 , 0 . 4 , 1
6 . 4 , 524
10 . 05 , 1
) 1 6 (
3
2
6
,
_
+ A mm.
Chon A
s bo
= 600 mm.
Kiem nghiem lai [ ]
tx
:
( )
2
3 6
tx
bn
KN 1 i
Ai
10 . 05 , 1 +
(N/mm
2
) (CT 3.13/tr45,[5])
Trong o: b chieu dai rang (mm): b =
A
600 = 0,3.600 =
180 mm.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 26
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
( )
121 . 211
1 . 180
1964 , 0 . 4 , 1 1 6
6 . 600
10 . 05 , 1
3 6
tx
N/mm
2
.
thoa ieu kien tx

[ ]
tx

.
Van toc vong cua bo truyen banh rang tru rang thang
va cap chnh xac che tao banh rang:
Van toc vong cua banh rang tru:
s m
i
An n d
v / 053 , 0
) 1 6 .( 1000 . 60
6 . 600 2
) 1 ( 1000 . 60
2
1000 . 60
1 1 1
+

< 3 m/s
(CT 3.17/tr46,[5])
cap chnh xac cua banh rang tru rang thang la 9
(Bang 3.11/p46,[5]).
nh chnh xac he so tai trong K va
khoang cach truc A:
He so tai trong K tnh theo cong thc: K = K
tt
K

(CT 3.19/tr47,[5])
K
tt
he so tap trung tai trong.V banh rang co kha nang
chay mon (HB 350 va v < 15 m/s), tai trong khong thay oi
nen K
tt
= 1.
K
- he so tap trung tai trong ong, chon theo cap chnh

xac che tao, van toc vong va o ran mat rang (Bang
3.13/p48,[5]). Van toc vong < 1 va HB < 350, cap chnh xac
la 9
K
= 1,1
K = 1.1,1 = 1,1.
V % 27 , 27 % 100
1 , 1
1 , 1 4 , 1
K
K K
bo s
> 5% nen can ieu chnh
lai khoang cach truc A theo (CT 3.21 tr 49-[5])
66 , 553
4 , 1
1 , 1
6003
3
bo s
bo s
K
K
A A
mm
Chon A = 560 mm.
Xac nh moun, so rang, chieu rong
banh rang:
Xac nh moun:
oi vi banh rang tru, moun chon theo khoang cach A:
m
n
= (0,01 0,02)A = (0,01 0,02).560 = (5,6 11,2)
mm.
oi vi banh rang tru rang thang phai lay m
n
theo tieu
chuan, chon:
m = m
n
= 8 (Bang 3.1/tr34,[5])
So rang banh rang dan (banh rang nho):
MSSV : 60503026
trang 27
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
20
) 1 6 ( 8
560 . 2
) 1 (
560 . 2
1

+
i m
Z
rang (CT3.24/tr49,[5])
Chon he so dch dao
= 0 => so rang toi thieu la 14,3

=> So rang tnh ra la phu hp.
So rang banh rang b dan (banh rang ln) :Z
2
= iZ
1
= 6.20 = 120 rang.
Chieu rong banh rang :
b = A = 0,3.560= 168 mm.
Chon chieu rong cua banh rang ln b
2
= 170 mm.
oi vi banh rang tru, nen chon chieu rong cua
banh rang nho b
1
ln hn banh rang ln khoang (5 10)
mm. Chon b
1
= 180 mm.
Kiem nghiem sc ben uon cua rang:
oi vi banh rang tru rang thang:
3
u m
6
] .[ . n . Z . y
N . K . 10 . 1 , 19
m

(mm) (CT 3.29/tr51,[5])

Trong o:
m
-he so chieu dai rang; Z -so rang; y -
he so dang rang c chon theo so rang tng ng cua
banh rang.
Bang13: Ket qua xac nh gia tr moun:
Banh rang
nho
Banh rang
ln
Ghi chu
Z
t
= Z 20 120 Banh rang tru
rang thang
Y 0,392 0,461 Bang 3.18/tr52,[5]
N
(vong/ph
)
6 1 Bang 9
[]
u
(N/mm
2
)
116 134,4 Bang 12
m
22,5 21,25
m
=
m
b
vi m = 8
M
m 4,7 m 4,15
CT 3.29/tr51,[5]
Kiem nghiem lai
u
:
b . n . Z . m . y
N . K . 10 . 1 , 19
2
6
u

(N/mm
2
) (CT 3.33/p51,[5])
Do do:
MSSV : 60503026
trang 28
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
7 , 18
130 . 6 . 20 . 6 . 392 , 0
1964 , 0 . 1 , 1 . 10 . 1 , 19
2
6
1

u
N/mm
2
thoa ieu kien
[ ]
1 u 1 u

.
36 , 17
120 . 1 . 120 . 6 . 461 , 0
1964 , 0 . 1 , 1 . 10 . 1 , 19
2
6

u
N/mm
2
thoa ieu kien
[ ]
2 u 2 u

.
Tnh kch thc chu yeu cua cap banh rang:
Da vao Bang 3.2/p36,[5], ta se xac nh cac quan he
hnh hoc chu yeu cua bo truyen banh rang rang tru rang
thang khong dch chnh an khp ngoai.
Bang 14: Cac quan he hnh hoc chu yeu cua bo
truyen:
S T
T
Thong so
Ky
hieu
Cong thc
tnh
Ban
h
rang
dan
Banh
rang b
dan
1
Khoang cach
truc
A (mm) 560
2 Moun phap
m
n
(mm)
m
n
= m 8
3
Chieu cao
rang
h (mm) h = 2,25m 18
4
Chieu cao
au rang
h

(mm)
h

= m 8
5
o h
hng tam
c (mm) c = 0,25m 2
6 ng knh
vong chia
d
c
(mm)
d
c
= mZ 160 960
7
ng knh
vong lan
d (mm) d = d
c
160 960
8
ng knh
vong nh
rang
D

(mm)
D
= d
c
+ 2m 172 972
9
ng knh
vong chan
rang
D
c
(mm)
D
c
= d
c
- 2m
-2c
132 944
PHAN 5: TNH TOAN THIET B PHU
TNH VANH AI VA CON LAN:
Vanh ai lap t do vao than thung, dung cac chan e,
gia chan e va thung co at cac tam cang cng day 5-
20mm. gia chan e va mat trong cua thung co at cac tam
thep cang bang thep mong.
Chon be day tm cang :5mm.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 29
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Chon be day tam thep mong: 5mm
Chon kch thc vanh ai:
ng knh trong cua vanh ai phu thuoc vao ng knh
ngoai cua thung:
D
v
= (1,1 1,2)D
T
Chon D
v
= 1,1D
T
= 880 mm.
(tr251 sach HLV)
Chon s bo be rong vanh ai: B = 40 mm.
Be day vanh ai:
oi vi thung tai trong nang :
38 , 15 ) (
6 , 2
40
6 , 2
mm
B
h
Chon h = 20 mm.
ng knh ngoai ai:
D
N
= D
T
+2h =818+2.20=858mm
Tnh tai trong thung:
Khoi lng thung say:
Tiet dien cua thung say la hnh vanh khan
The tch cua vat lieu lam thung say:
2 2 2 2 3
. .4, 6
( ) (0.818 0.8 ) 0,105
4 4
vl ng tr
L
V D D m

Khoi lng thung:
. 0,105.7900 831
thung vl s
m V kg
Tng t ta tnh c khoi lng cua lp cach nhiet va
lp bao ve
Bang 15:Khoi lng thung say vi LT =4.6 m:
Thong
so
Vat lieu
Khoi
lng
rieng
(kg/m
3
)
ng
knh
trong (m)
ng
knh
ngoai
(m)
Khoi
lng
(kg)
Than
thung
0X18H10
T
7900 0.8 0.818 831
Lp
cach
nhiet
Bong
thuy
tinh
200 0.818 0.821 3.55
Lp
bao ve
CT3 7850 0.821 0.822 46.59
Khoi
lng
canh
nang
482
M
thung
(kg) 1363
Khoi lng bo phan banh rang: bang thep co
khoi lng rieng 7850 kg/m
3
.
MSSV : 60503026
trang 30
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Banh rang xem nh tng ng vat co tiet dien hnh vanh khan
vi:
ng knh ngoai = ng knh vong lan = 972mm.
ng knh trong = ng knh vong chan rang = 882mm.
Rong b=170 mm.
Khoi lng rang:
M
rang
= kg D D
b
CT tr rang ng rang
74 , 257 7850 ). 822 , 0 960 , 0 (
4
17 , 0 .
) (
4
.
2 2
3
2
.
2
.
1

Khoi lng vanh ai:

M
vd
= kg D D
B
CT T N
30 7850 ). 822 , 0 858 , 0 (
4
04 , 0 .
. 2 ) (
4
.
. 2
2 2
3
2 2

Khoi lng canh nhap lieu: gia s khoi lng canh nhap lieu
tren 1 m
2
bang vi khoi lng canh nang tren 1m
2
thung, ta tnh
c khoi lng canh nhap lieu:
M
cnl
=
kg
L
L M
c
cnl c
6 , 28
7 , 7
3 , 0 . 733 .

Tong khoi lng thung:
kg
M M M M M M
nl cnl vd rang thung
34 , 2851 1172 6 , 28 30 74 , 257 1363 + + + +
+ + + +
Tong tai trong cua thung:

Q=
N g M 65 `, 2797 81 , 9 . 34 , 2851 .
Tai trong tac dung len mot vanh ai= Q/2=13985,8 (N)
Phan lc tac dung ln moi con lan :
71 . 8074
30 cos . 2
8 , 13985
cos . 2
2

Q
T
(N)
Kiem tra lai be rong vanh ai:
336 , 0
24000
71 , 8074

r
P
T
B
cm= 3,36mm (thoa) (CT5.34-tr250-[9])
Do thung nang quay cham nen chon P
r
=24000 N/cm
Tnh con lan :
Be rong con lan :
Chon B
c
=B+5=4+5=9cm
ng knh con lan thep:
mm cm
B
T
B
T
d
C c
c
30 99 , 2
9 . 300
71 , 8074
. 300 ) 400 300 (

Mat khac :
mm d mm D d D
c Ng vd c
462 350 33 , 0 25 , 0
.

(CT5.37-tr250[9])
Chon d
c
=400mm
TNH CALORIFE CAP NHIET:
Trong k thuat say thng s dung hai loai caloriphe e ot
nong khong kh caloriphe kh hi va caloriphe kh khoi .
Calorife c chon e gia nhiet cho tac nhan say
ay la calorife kh hi loai thiet b truyen nhiet kieu ong
MSSV : 60503026
trang 31
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
chum : hi nc bao hoa ngng tu i trong ong va khong
kh chuyen ong ngoai ong.
V he so truyen nhiet cua nc ngng ln hn nhieu
so vi he so trao oi nhiet oi lu gia mat ngoai cua
ong vi khong kh nen ben ngoai ong (pha khong kh)
c lam them canh tan nhiet e tang cng truyen
nhiet.
Vay calorife s dung la loai ong chum vi ong co
canh at ng.
Bang 16 : Cac thong so cua cac tac nhan qua
calorife :
Tac nhan say
(Khong kh)
Nhiet o vao t
w1
= t 27
o
C
Nhiet o ra t
w2
= t
1
92
o
C
Hi ot
(Hi nc bao
hoa)
Ap suat p 2 at
Nhiet o ngng tu T 119,6
o
C
Chon mot so kch thc cua calorife e s dung trong
tnh toan Bang 19.
Bang 17: Mot so kch thc cua calorife:
Thong so Ky hieu n vGia tr Ghi chu
Chieu dai ong L M 1
Theo tieu chuan
(tr159-[1]).
ng knh
ngoai
d
2
M 0,016
Theo tieu chuan:
ong 16 x 1,6 (tr159-
[1]). Be day ong M 0,0016
ng knh trong d
1
M 0,0128 d
1
= d
2
2
Bc ong ngang s
1
M 0,05 Chon
Bc ong doc s
2
M 0,0433
Trng hp xep ong
so le
tam giac eu s
2
=.s
2
3
C
a
n
h
Chieu dai canh H M 0,001
Chon
Khoang cach
gia
2 canh lien tiep
t
c
M 0,005
Be day canh
c
M 0,0005
ng knh canh d
c
M 0,018 d
c
= d
2
+ 2h
MSSV : 60503026
trang 32
1. 111
: dien tch phan canh cua mot
ong. o
: dien tch phan khong canh
cua mot ong. c
: dien tch ngoai cua mot ong
co canh (pha khong kh). c
: dien tch trong cua mot ong
co canh (pha hi nc ngng
tu).
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
He so dan nhiet
cua
vat lieu lam ong va
canh

c
W/mK 50
Thp CT20
(Bang XII.7-tr313-[11])
Bang18: Cac thong so cua khong kh di chuyen
ngoai ong:
ST
T
Thong so
K
hieu
n
v
Nguon
Cong thc
Gia tr
1
Nhiet o trung
bnh
T
o
C
2
1
t t
t
o
+
59,5
2
o am trung
bnh
n v
2
1

o
0.64
3
He so dan
nhiet
W/m.K I.134-tr144,[10] 0,0289
4 o nht Ns/m
2
I.114/p118,[10]
1,9946.10
-5
5
Ap suat hi
bao hoa
p
b
Bar CT 2.31/p31,[6] 0,1923
6
Khoi lng
rieng
kg/m
3
CT V.9/p95,[11] 1,0318
7 o nht ong m
2
/s

1,9331.10
-5
Tnh hieu so nhiet o trung bnh:
Hieu so nhiet o cua 2 dong lu chat au vao va
ra cua calorife:
t
= T
C
t
w1
= 119,6 27 = 92.6
o
C
t
c
= T
C
t
w2
= 119,6 92 = 27.6
o
C
V hieu so nhiet o trung bnh
gia tac nhan say va hi nc
cap nhiet:
2
t
t
c
>
7 . 53
6 , 27
6 . 92
ln
6 , 27 6 . 92
ln
t
tb

c
c
t
t
t t
o
C
Hnh 1: Bien thien nhiet o doc theo chieu dai calorife.
Tnh he so cap nhiet pha khong kh ngoai ong
2
:
MSSV : 60503026
trang 33
1.
t
T
C

t
w2
t
w1
F FFF
ong. o
cua mot ong. c
tu).
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
Cac thong so cua khong kh ngoai ong:
Tac nhan say la khong kh nhiet o moi trng t
w1
= t
o
= 27
o
C sau khi qua calorife se c gia nhiet len t
w2
= t
1
= 92
o
C (e
tr hao ton that nhiet am bao dong tac nhan vao thung
say co nhiet o t
1
= 90
o
C).
Tnh he so cap nhiet
2
:
Hnh 2: Cac dien tch be mat cua ong co canh.
Bc canh:
s
c
= t
c
+
c
= 0,005 + 0,0005 = 0,0055m
So canh toi a co the co tren mot ong:
18 , 181
0055 , 0
1
s
l
n
c
c

canh
Chon so canh: n
c
= 181 canh.
Dien tch phan khong lam canh cua mot ong:
c c 2
l
o
n . t d . F 0455 , 0 181 . 005 , 0 . 016 , 0 . F
l
o
m
2
Dien tch phan canh cua mot ong:
c
2
2
2
c l
c
n
4
d .
4
d .
2 F

,
_
(CT
2.127/p103,[4])
2
2 2
m 0193 , 0 181
4
016 , 0 .
4
018 , 0 .
2
,
_

l
c
F
ng knh tng ng cua ong:
Do ta bo tr ong so le tam giac eu nen bc ong
cheo s
2
= s
1

2
'
2
2 1
d s
d s
= 1 nen:
l
c
l
o
c
l
c l
c 2
l
o
E
F F
n 2
F
. F d . F
d
+
+
(CT
2.126/p103,[4])
MSSV : 60503026
trang 34
1.
l
c
F
l
o
F
l
F
111

ong. o
cua mot ong. c
tu).
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
m 01341 , 0
0193 , 0 0455 , 0
181 . 2
0193 , 0
. 0193 , 0 016 , 0 . 0455 , 0
d
E

+
+

Lu lng khong kh vao calorife:
V
o
= v
o
.L =0.878*1220.56 m
3
/h=1171.65m
3
/h = 0,298 m
3
/s.
Trong o:
v
o
- the tch rieng cua khong kh tai 27
o
C (m
3
/kg).
L - lu lng tac nhan kho (kg/h).
Chon ng knh cua ong dan kh trong he thong la D =
0,16m Van toc dong kh i trong ng ong:

4 . 16
4
16 , 0 .
289 , 0
4
2 2
0
ong

D
V
m/s
Chon ng knh ca vao cua calorife la d = 0,1 m. Khi
o se co s tang van toc cua dong kh tai ca vao
calorife do ot m, va gia tr cua van toc o la:
0
2 2
0, 289
37.94
. .0,1
4 4
V
d

m/s
Van toc khong kh tai khe hep nhat cua calorife:
,
_
2 1 1
2
max
.
2
1
s s
h
s
d
c
(CT
2.129/p104,[4])
max
37.94
55.83
0, 016 2.0, 001.0, 0005
1
0, 05 0, 05.0, 0433

_
+

,
m/s
Chuan so Reynolds:
4 max
5
. 55,83.0, 01341
Re 3, 88.10
1, 93.10
E
d

(CT V.36/p13,
[11])
Vi ong xep so le, chuan so Nusselt:
2 , 0
c
2 1
2 , 0
2
2 1 67 , 0
1
t
d s
d
d s
. Re . 251 , 0 Nu

,
_
,
_

(CT 2.125/p102,
[4])
0,2 0,2
4 0,67
0, 05 0, 016 0, 05 0, 016
0, 251.(3, 88.10 ) . 1 169, 9
0, 016 0, 005
Nu

_ _
+

, ,
He so cap nhiet cua canh:
. 169.9.0, 0289
366.15
0, 01341
c
E
Nu
d

W/m
2
.
K
He so cap nhiet tng ng pha pha ngoai ong co canh:
MSSV : 60503026
trang 35
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
( ) +
c
l
l
c
c
F
F
. .
2
2
(CT
2.118/p101,[4])
Trong o:
l
F
2
: dien tch ngoai cua mot ong co canh
0648 , 0 0193 , 0 0455 , 0 F F F
l
c
l
o
l
2
+ +
m
2
3529 , 2
0193 , 0
0455 , 0

l
c
l
o
F
F
(CT
2.119/p101,[4])
Hieu suat canh tron
c
:
h
h tgh
c

.
) . (
(CT
2.122/p102,[4])
Vi:
) ln . 35 , 0 1 .( h h +
(CT 2.123/p102,[4])
125 , 1
016 , 0
018 , 0
d
d
2
c

m 10 . 041 , 1 ) 125 , 1 ln . 35 , 0 1 .( 001 , 0 h
3
+
49 . 15
0005 , 0 . 50
3 . 2
.
. 2

c c
c

(CT 2.121/p102,[4])
005 , 1
10 . 041 , 1 . 49 , 15
) 10 . 041 , 1 . 49 . 15 (
.
) . (
3
3

tgh
h
h tgh
c
Vay he so cap nhiet pha ngoai ong:

( )
2
0, 0193
366,15. 1, 006 2, 3529 366, 30
0, 0648
+
W/m2.K
He so lam canh:
L d
d d n
c c
c
1
2
2
2
2
) .(
1

+
(CT
2.136/p107,[4])
4808 , 1
1 . 0128 , 0 . 2
) 016 , 0 018 , 0 .( 181
1
2 2
+
c
Tnh he so cap nhiet pha trong ong

1
:
S cap nhiet pha trong ong la cap nhiet do hi nc
bao hoa ngng tu trong ong ng.
Bang19: Cac thong so cua hi nc bao hoa ngng
tu trong ong:
ST
T
Thong so
Ky
hie
u
n
v
Gia tr Ghi chu
MSSV : 60503026
trang 36
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
1
Ap suat cua hi
nc ngng tu
p At 2 Chon
2
Nhiet o nc
ngng
T
o
C 119,6
Bang
I.251/p315,[10]
3
Nhiet o thanh
ong pha
tiep xuc hi
nc ngng tu
t
w
o
C 117.3 Chon
4
Nhiet o trung
bnh cua
mang nc
ngng tu
t
m
o
C 118.45
2
t T
t
w C
m
+
5 He so dan nhiet
n
W/m.
K
0,685
- Lay t
m
- Bang
I.249/p310,[10]
6 o nht
n
Ns/m
2
0,240.10
-3
7 Khoi lng rieng
n
kg/m
3
947.8
9
An nhiet ngng
tu
R J/kg 2207.10
3
- Lay T
C
.
- Bang
57/p443,[13]
He so cap nhiet khi ngng tu hi nc bao hoa tren ong
ng, khi mang chat ngng tu chay tang:
25 , 0
1
3
1
t . L .
r . g . .
. 13 , 1

,
_

n
2
n n
(W/m
2
.K) (CT
2.33/p135,[4])
Trong o:
n
,
n
,
n
- lan lt la he so dan nhiet, o nht va khoi
lng rieng lay nhiet o trung bnh cua mang nc
ngng tu.
L - chieu dai ong: L = 1m.
t
1
: hieu so nhiet o:
t
1
= T
C
t
w
= 119,6 118 =1.6
o
C
=> 11657
3 , 2 . 1 . 10 . 240 , 0
10 . 2207 . 81 , 9 . 8 , 947 . 685 , 0
. 13 , 1
25 , 0
3
3 2 3
1

,
_
W/m
2
.K
He so truyen nhiet K:
Ty so gia ng knh ngoai va ng knh trong cua ong:
25 , 1
0128 , 0
016 , 0
1
2

d
d
Vi d
2
/d
1
< 1,4 th he so truyen nhiet K c tnh nh vi
vach phang:
MSSV : 60503026
trang 37
1.
SAY NG THUNG QUAY
c
K

.
1 1
1
2 1
+ +
W/m
2
.K (CT 2.117/p100,
[4])
8 . 509
4808 , 1 . 3 , 366
1
50
0016 , 0
11657
1
1
+ +
K
W/m
2
.K
Kiem tra lai viec chon t
w
:
Theo phng trnh truyen nhiet, ta co mat o dong nhiet
truyen qua tng phang:
1
q q
Vi:
q = K.t
tb
=509,8*53,7=27378,6W/m
2
q
1
=
1
.t
1
= 11657*2,3 = 26811,2 W/m
2
Sai so:
% 2 % 100
6 , 27378
2 , 26811 6 , 27378
% 100
1
1
q
q q
V sai so < 5% nen viec chon t

w
= 117,3
o
C la chap
nhan c.
Tnh dien tch be mat truyen nhiet va kch
thc calorife:
Nhiet lng can cung cap cho calorife:
Q = L(I
1
I
o
) = 1220,56.(140,2-98,9) = 50410 kJ/h
= 14002,5 J/s.
Dien tch be mat trong cac ong:
511 , 0
7 , 53 . 8 , 509
5 , 14002
.
1

tb
t K
Q
F
m
2
Tong so ong trong calorife:
7 . 12
1 . 0128 , 0 .
511 , 0
. .
1
1

L d
F
n
ong
Chon theo tieu chuan, lay n = 19 ong. (Bang
3.6/tr221,sachTN])
Vi kieu bo tr ong tren mang ong theo hnh sau canh
eu, ta co cac thong so nh sau (Bang V.11/p48,[11]):
Tong so ong cua thiet b: n = 19 ong.
So hnh sau canh: 2
So ong tren ng xuyen tam cua hnh sau canh: b = 5
ong.
ng knh trong cua calorife:
D = s
1
(b 1) + 4d
2
= 0,05(5 1) + 4.0,0128 = 0,2512 m
Chon theo tieu chuan, lay D = 0,4m
(p159,[1]).
Chon ay va nap ellips theo Bang XIII.10/P382,[11]:
D
t
= 400 mm h
t
= 100 mm
MSSV : 60503026
trang 38
1.

SAY NG THUNG QUAY
h = 25 mm
s = 4 mm
MSSV : 60503026
trang 39
1.
Tr lc qua calorife:
He so tr lc:
152 , 0
. . . 2 . Re . 72 , 0
1 , 0
2 2
2 1
9 , 0
2
9 , 0
2
2 1
9 , 0
2 1 245 , 0
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
d s
d s
d
d
d
d s
s
d s
E
c
Tr lc cuc bo qua calorife:

12 , 1222 5 *
2
83 , 55
0318 , 1 . 152 , 0
2
.
2 2
max
b p
c

N/m
2
(CT 2.117/p100,[4])
Tnh lng dau FO can s dung:
Lng hi nc V
h
can s dung e cung cap nhiet cho calorife :
Q= V
h
(r+C
nuoc
.( t
nt
t
ra
)
Gia s nhiet o cua nc ngng ra khoi calorife la 116
0
C
r = 2208.10
3
J/kg
C
nuoc
= 4180 J/kg.o
14002,5 = V
h
.(2207.10
3

+ 4180.(119,6-116))
V
h
= 0,0063 kg/s = 22,7 kg/h
Lng nhiet dau FO can cung cap cho lo hi e thu c hi
nc :
Q
1
= V
h
. (r+ C
nuoc
.( t
soi
t
0
))
t
0
: Nhiet o cua nc vao chon la 27
0
C
Q
1
= 22,7.(2207.10
3
+ 4180.(119,6 27))
=58885343,6 J/h
Gia s hieu suat nhiet cua lo hi la = 80%
Lng nhiet ma dau FO can cung cap :
Q
FO
= Q
1
/ =73606680 J/h = 17592,42 kcal/h
Nhiet tr cua dau FO la : 9500 kcal/kg
Lng dau FO can s dung :
M
FO
= Q
FO
/ 9500 = 17592,42/9500 = 1,85 kgFO/h
TNH VA CHON XYCLON:
Tac nhan say sau khi i qua thung say se mang theo
rat nhieu hat bui ng. Do o, chung ta can phai co
bien phap e lam sach khong kh sau say trc khi thai
vao moi trng.
Trong he thong say thung quay thng dung xyclon
n. Chon loai xyclon n H-15Y vi goc nghieng ca vao
15
o
. Loai nay am bao o lam sach bui ln nhat
vi he so sc can thuy lc nho nhat.
Lu lng kh vao xyclon chnh la lu lng tac nhan say
ra khoi thung say:
V
xyclon
= 1100 m
3
/h = 0,306 m
3
/s
Can c vao lu lng kh vao xyclon, ta chon xyclon H co
nang suat t 1450-1690 m
3
/h vi ng knh xyclon D =
400mm (Bang III.5/p524,[10]).
Ta tra va c cac kch thc c ban cua xyclon H-15Y
nh Bang 20.
Bunke cha bui:
The tch lam viec cua bunke oi vi xyclon n: V
bunke
=
0,4m
3
(Bang III.5a/p525,[1]).
Goc nghieng cua thanh bunke can phai ln hn goc
nghieng ri t nhien ,thng lay t 55 60
o
(p525,[1])
chon 60
o
.
o lam sach cua xyclon: 90% (Bang III.10/p531,[10]),
ng knh cua hat bui c tach ra kha nho t 5
20m (Bang III.13/p533,[5]).
Bang 20: Kch thc c ban cua xyclon n loai H-15Y:
STTKch thc cua xyclon
H-15
Ky
hieu
Cong
thc
Gia tr n v Ghi chu
1 ng knh trong cua xyclon D 400 mm Cac kch
thc
lien he vi
ng knh
xyclon nh
Bang
III.4/p524,[1]
2 Chieu cao ca vao A 0,66D 264
3
Chieu cao ong tam co
mat bch
h
1
1,5D 600
4 Chieu cao phan hnh tru h
2
1.51D 604
5 Chieu cao phan hnh nonh
3
1,5D 600
6
Chieu cao phan ben ngoai
ong tam
h
4
0,3D 120
7
Chieu cao chung
H 3,31D
132
4
8
ng knh ngoai cua ong
ra
d
1
0,6D
240
9
ng knh trong cua ca
thao bui
d
2
0,4D
160
10 Chieu rong cua ca vao b
1
/b 0,26D/0,2D 104/
80
11
Chieu dai cua ong ca
vao
L 0,6D
240
12
Khoang cach t tan cung
xyclon en mat bch
h
5
0,3D
120
13
Goc nghieng gia nap va
ong vao

15
o
14 He so tr lc cua xyclon
110 n v
h
2
h
5
h
3
h
4
a
l
a
h
1
D
Hnh 3 :Xyclon n H-15.
Bang21: Hieu suat lam sach cua xyclon loai H-15Y
ng knh hat
bui (m)
5 10 20
Hieu suat lam sach
(%)
oi vi xyclon n
loai H-15
60 88 98
Toc o quy c cua kh:
q
V
D
.
4
(m) (CT III.47/p-522,[1])

44 , 2
4 , 0 .
306 , 0 . 4 4
2 2

D
V
q
m/s
Tr lc qua xyclon:

2
.
p
2
2
q

(CT III.50/p522,
[1])
2
2
/ 2 , 360
2
11 , 1 . 44 , 2
. 110 m N p
TNH TR LC VA CHON QUAT:
V he thong say dai, tr lc ln nen ta bo tr 2 quat
au va cuoi he thong:
Quat ay: at au he thong co nhiem vu cung cap
khong kh cho caloriphe e gia nhiet sau o ay vao thung
say.
Quat hut: at cuoi he thong co nhiem vu hut khong kh
sau say ra khoi thung say va qua xyclon e thu hoi bui.
Van toc kh:
ong
S
V
v
(m/s)
Vi S
ong
- dien tch tiet dien ngang cua ong (m
2
).
Chon quat ly tam ap suat trung bnh 9-57 N
o
3 co kch thc:
Mat bch ca ra : hnh vuong B = 210 mm.
Mat bch ca vao: hnh tron, D = 312 mm.
Bang 2: Bang tom tat cac thong so cua khong kh
tren ng ong
ai
lng
Trang thai
khong kh
ban au (A)
Trang
thai
khong
kh vao
thiet b
say (B)
Trang thai
khong kh
ra khoi
thiet b
say (C)
t (
o
C) 27 90 40
(n
v)
0,85 0,43 0,74
x
(kg/kgkk)
0,0188 0,0188 0,03485
I
(kJ/kgkk)
74.87 140.2 98.894
p
b
(bar) 0,03548 0,6908 0,073
v
(m
3
/kgkk)
0,878 1.45 0,972
(kg/m
3
)
1,202 0,784 1,11
Bang 3 : Thiet ke he thong ng ong
S

T
T
iem bat au oan ong iem ket thuc
V tr
Kc
h
th
c
(m
m)
Va
n
toc
kh v
(m/s
)
Chie
u
dai
L
(m)
Kc
h
th
c
(m
m)
Van
toc
kh v
(m/s)
V tr
Kch
thc
(mm)
Van
toc
kh v
(m/s)
1
au ong
vao quat
ay
16
0
16,41 0,25
16
0
16,41
Ca
vao
quat
ay
160 16,41
2
Ca ra
quat ay
130 18,87 0,5
16
0
16,41
Loi
vao
caloriph
e
100 42,01
3
Ca ra
caloriphe
16
0
16,41 1.75
16
0
16,41
Ca
vao
thung
say
160 16,41
4
Ca ra
thung say
16
0
16,41 0,5
16
0
16,41
Ca
vao
xyclon
104*80 39,66
5
Ca ra
cua cyclon
16
0
16,41 0,25
16
0
16,41
Ca
vao
quat
hut
160 16,41
Tnh tr lc ng ong:
Tr lc ma sat tren ng ong:
Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc ma sat khi dong
chay on nh trong ong dan thang :
) m / N (
2
. v
.
D
L
. P
2 k
2
k
ms

t
(CT II.55/p377,[10])
Trong o:
v,
k
,
k
: van toc (m/s); khoi lng rieng (kg/m
3
) va o nht
(Ns/m
2
) cua khong kh say tai cac v tr tng ng.
L - chieu dai ong dan (m).
D
t
- ng knh tng ng cua ng ong (m).
Ong tron : D
t
= D
ong
Ong hnh ch nhat :
) .( 2
. . 4 4
b a
b a S
D
t
+
.
Vi a, b - chieu dai 2 canh tiet dien ch nhat cua
ong (m).
- he so tr lc ma sat cua ong, phu thuoc vao che o
chuyen ong cua chat long Re va o nham thanh ong.
Vi chuan so Reynolds:
k
k t
D v
. .
Re
(CT V.36/p13,[11])
Bang 4: Ket qua tnh tr lc ma sat tren ng ong:
ST
T
oan ong
L
(m)
D
t
(m)
Re

( BangPII.4/p24
4,[3]
P
l
(N/m
2
)
1
Dan vao quat
ay
0,2
5
0,16
1,44.1
0
5
0,0224 2,52
2
T sau quat
ay en
trc caloriphe
0,5 0,16
1,44.1
0
5
0,0224 1,26
3
T sau
caloriphe en
trc thung
say
1,7
5
0,16
1,44.1
0
5
0,0224 13,09
4
T sau thung
say en
xyclon
0,5 0,16
1,44.1
0
5
0,0224 1,45
5
T sau xyclon
en quat hut
0,2
5
0,16
1,44.1
0
5
0,0224 1,45
ms
P
19,77
Tr lc cuc bo tren ng ong:
Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc cuc bo do t m
trong ong dan:
2
.
2
u
K h
e f
e

2
1
1
A
A
K
e

2
. 1
2
2
1
u
A
A
h
e
f

,
_

Vi:
-A
1
, A
2
dien tch ong co tiet dien nho va
ong co tiet dien ln (m
2
).
-u vn tc trung bnh trong tit din nh (m/s).
Tr lc do ot m c tnh toan va thu c ket qua
nh 2 Bang 27.
Bang 5: Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc cuc
bo do ot m:
Tr lc cc b do t thu trong ng dn:
2
.
2
u
K h
c f
c

,
_

2
1
1 . 4 , 0
A
A
K
c
Kc : h s t thu
A
1,
A
2
: tit din ng nh, ng ln
u : vn tc trung bnh trong ng c din nh.
Bang 28: Ap suat can thiet e khac phuc tr lc cc b
do t thu:
STT V tr
tr lc
ng
nh
ng
ln
2
1
A
A
c
K u
e
f
h
1 ng
ng ni
ca
vo
calorife
0,1 0,007
85
0,16 0,02 0,39
25
0,24
3
42,0
2
214,5
2 Thn
calorife
ni vi
ng
ng
0,16 0,02 0,4 0,12
56
0,16 0,33
6
16,5 45,74
3 Thn
thng
sy ni
vi
ng
ng
0,16 0,02 0,8 0,50
26
0,04 0,38
4
16,5 52,27
2
4 Thn
xyclon
ni vi
ng
ng
0,16 0,02 0,4 0,12
56
0,16 0,33
6
16,5 45,74
t
P 358,2
52
S

T

T
V tr
tr
lc
Ong
nho
Ong
ln
2
1
A
A
e
K
(Bang
N
o
11/p387,
[11])
U(
m/s
)
(m/
s)
e
f
h

(N/m
2
)
D
t
1
(m)
A
1
(m
2
)
D
t2
(m)
A
2
(m
2
)
1
Ca ra
quat
ay
noi
vi
ng
ong

0,1
3
0,01
69
0,16 0,02
0,8
45
0,155
19,
53 29,56
2
ng
ng ni
vi thn
calorife
100
0,00
785
0,4
0,12
56
0,0
625
0,9375
42,
04
828,45
3
ng
ong
noi
vi
bung
sy
0,1
6
0,02 0,8
0,50
24
0,0
4
0,96
16,
5
130,68
4
ng
ng ni
vi thn
xyclon
104
/80
0,00
832
0,4
0,12
56
0,0
66
0,934
39,
66
734,55
m
P
1723,24
Tr lc cc b do khc quanh trong ng dn (c: 5 khc quanh)
Tnh cho khc quanh 90
0
:
2
.
2
u
K h
f ff

Vi K
f
l h s tn tht do khp ni v van, trng hp khc quanh 90
0
K
f
= 0,9
u: Vn tc trung bnh ca dng chy trong ng qua khp ni.
u=16,5 m/s
2
2
/ 56 , 612
2
5 , 16
. 9 , 0 . 5 m N P
kq

Khi o ta tnh c tr lc cuc bo tren ng ong:
cb
P
=
kq dt dm
P P P + +
= 1723,24 + 358,252 + 612,56 =
2694,06N/m
2
.
Ton that cot ap qua cac thiet b cua he thong:
) / ( 88 , 7568 06 , 2694 2 , 360 5 , 3292 12 , 1222
2
hat
m N
P P P P P
cb xyclon calorife tb
+ + +
+ + +
Cot ap toan phan can thiet e khac phuc tat ca sc can

thuy lc trong he thong:
2
2 2
2
/ 7570
2
) 45 , 1 . 11 , 1 (
88 , 7568
2
) (
m N
v
P P
tb
+ +

(CT II.53/p.376,
[9])
Ton that cot ap toan phan, ieu kien
lam viec (do s dung ac tuyen thanh lap cho
ieu kien tieu chuan):
k
tt
B
t
P P .
760
.
293
273
.
+

,N/m
2
(CT II.238a, [1])
Vi:
t - nhiet o lam viec cua kh: t
k
= 65
o
C.
B - ap suat tai cho at quat: B = 760 mmHg.

k
- khoi lng rieng cua kh ieu kien lam viec:
k
= 1,032 kg/m
3
.
- khoi lng rieng cua kh ieu kien tieu
chuan:

= 1,293 kg/m
3
.
2
/ 89 , 6969
293 , 1
032 , 1
.
760
760
.
293
65 273
. 7570 m N P
+

Tnh cong suat ong c quay quat:
Tr lc ma quat phai khac phuc P
quat
:
Do ta s dung 2 quat hut va ay 2 au he thong
nen oi vi moi quat:
P
quat
=
945 , 3484
2
89 , 6969
2

P
N/m
2
= 355 mmH
2
O.
Cong suat tren truc ong c ien khi van chuyen khong kh
nhiet o cao:
tr q
P V
N

. . 1000
. .
quat
(kW) (CT II.239b/p463,[11])

Vi:
V - nang suat quat, lay bang lu lng khong kh
trong he thong ieu kien lam viec: V =
3642m
3
/h = 1,012 m
3
/s

q
- hieu suat quat, lay theo ac tuyen:

q
= 0,5 (Hnh II.56a/p488,[11])
tr
: hieu suat truyen ong. Khi noi quat truc
ong c bang khp truc:
tr
= 0,98 (p463,[11])
kW N 44 , 11
98 , 0 . 5 , 0 . 1000
81 , 9 . 11 , 1 . 355 . 45 , 1

Cong suat ong c ien :N
c
= k
3
.N (kW) (CT
II.240/p464,[11])
Vi k
3
- he so d tr: k
3
= 1 (Bang II.48/p464,[11]).
N
c
=11,44kW.
Chon ong c co cong suat N
m
= 12 kW.
Tai lieu tham
khao
[1]. Pham Van Bon, Nguyen nh Tho, Qua trnh va Thiet
b Cong nghe Hoa hoc, tap 5, Qua trnh va Thiet b
Truyen nhiet, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2000.
[2]. Pham Van Bon, So tay dan nhiet khong on nh
(phong theo A.V.Luikov) Thong so nhiet ly cua thc
pham va nguyen lieu (phong theo A.S.guizbour, TPHCM,
2004.
[3]. Hoang Van Chc, Ky thuat say, NXB KHKT, 1997.
[4]. Bui Hai, Dng c Hong, Nguyen nh Tho, Thiet b
trao oi nhiet, NXB KHKT, 1999.
[5]. Nguyen Trong Hiep, Nguyen Van Lam, Thiet ke chi
tiet may, NXBGD, 2000.
[6]. Nguyen Van Lua, Ky thuat say vat lieu, NXB HQG
TPHCM, 2001.
[7]. Vu Ba Minh, Hoan minh Nam, C hoc vat lieu ri,
NXB KHKT, 1998.
[8]. Ho Le Vien, Thiet ke tnh toan cac chi tiet thiet b
hoa chat, tap 1, NXB KHKT, 1978.
[9]. Ho Le Vien, Thiet ke tnh toan cac chi tiet thiet b
hoa chat, tap 2, NXB KHKT, 1978.
[10]. Cac tac gia, So tay Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong
nghe Hoa chat, tap I, NXB KHKT, 1999.
[11]. Cac tac gia, So tay Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong
nghe Hoa chat, tap II, NXB KHKT, 1999.
[12]. Pham Van Thm, So tay thiet ke thiet b hoa chat
va cong nghe thc pham,2000.
[13]. Pham Van Bon, Qua trnh va Thiet b Cong nghe
Hoa chat, tap 10, V du va Bai tap, TPHCM.

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o an mon hoc Qua trnh Thiet b

CBHD: Mai Thanh PHong

(kg am/kg kkk). (CT

trang thai tac nhan

Tiet dien t do cua thung say:

>25 (CT 5.1-tr130-

C = 0 + 1 + 0.5 + 0.5= 2mm

=> Be day lp cach nhiet chon thoa.

Bo truyen banh rang tru kn trong hop giam toc:

Bo truyen truc vt:

Ta co bang ket qua tnh toan sau:

1,8 1,8 Banh rang bang thep

+ (mm) (CT 3.9/tr45,[5])

- he so tap trung tai trong ong, chon theo cap chnh

= 0 => so rang toi thieu la 14,3

(mm) (CT 3.29/tr51,[5])

Khoi lng vanh ai:

Tong tai trong cua thung:

: dien tch phan canh cua mot

Vay he so cap nhiet pha ngoai ong:

Tnh he so cap nhiet pha trong ong

V sai so < 5% nen viec chon t

Tr lc cuc bo qua calorife:

(m) (CT III.47/p-522,[1])

Cot ap toan phan can thiet e khac phuc tat ca sc can

(kW) (CT II.239b/p463,[11])

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