DATA

69
43
38
85
39
49
86
63
88
51

51
59
45
73
69
38
39
84
56
47

68
52
92
79
74
91
43
68
68
50

72
73
49
55
82
83
67
53
71
67

lower

upper

frequency

cumulative

limit

limit

30
40
50
60
70
80
90

40
50
60
70
80
90
100

frequency

4
8
8
9
9
10
2

4
12
20
29
38
48
50

75
79
56
44
64
86
85
79
89
90

19
17
15

42
34
96

31
42
31

101
103
105

219
209
345

179
222
290

D=

-27
-41
-55

-54
-86
84

-63
-58
-211

101
219
179

103
209
222

105
345
290

C *D=

-12725
-33457
-29885

-5492
-820
-4398

-34492
-98714
-85343

A=

C=2A+3B

C=

D=3A_4B

C=

B=

21
23
25

45
47
51

39
46
76

X=

37
38
46

|X|=

-48052

37
31
73

38
42
84

46
96
14

X *X=

4929
7159
6537

7159
11941
7135

6537
7135
12581

|XT*X|=

2308994704

X=

-1

(X *X) =

31
42
96

73
84
14

0.043015038 -0.0188073 -0.011684

-0.01880727 0.0083497 0.0050368
-0.01168424 0.0050368 0.003294

4
-1
3
0

-7
2
1
-6

1
-3
5
9

4
-7
1

-1
2
-3

3
1
5

X *X=

26
-27
22

-27
90
-62

22
-62
116

|XT*X|=

117028

X=

X=

-1

(X *X) =

-1

X*(X *X) =

X*(XT*X)-1*XT=

0
-6
9

0.056363 0.01511 -0.00261

0.015107 0.02164 0.0087
-0.00261 0.0087 0.01377

0.117083
-0.0183
0.171121
-0.11418

-0.08232 -0.05758
0.00207 -0.02129
0.11045 0.06968
-0.05153 0.0717

0.987003 -0.10897 -0.019 -0.02433

-0.10897 0.0863 -0.15927 -0.20398
-0.019 -0.15927 0.97224 -0.03556
-0.02433 -0.20398 -0.03556 0.95446

LET A= X*(XT*X)-1*XT=

0.987003
-0.10897
-0.019
-0.02433

I=

I-A=

-0.10897
-0.019
-0.02433
0.086296 -0.15927 -0.20398
-0.15927 0.972237 -0.03556
-0.20398 -0.03556 0.954464

1
0

0
1

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

1
0

0
1

0.012997 0.108974 0.018995 0.024328

0.108974 0.913704 0.15927 0.203977
0.018995 0.15927 0.027763 0.035556
0.024328 0.203977 0.035556 0.045536

(I-A)*(I-A)=

0.012997 0.108974 0.018995 0.024328

0.108974 0.913704 0.15927 0.203977
0.018995 0.15927 0.027763 0.035556
0.024328 0.203977 0.035556 0.045536

THEREFORE WE GET (I-A)2= (I-A)

A=

0
0.8
0.6

|A|=

-0.2584

0.8
0.86
0.48

0.6
0.48
0.64

-1.23839 0.866873 0.510836

-1

A =

A=

A*A =

A *A=

0.866873 1.393189 -1.85759

0.510836 -1.85759 2.47678

0.8

0.6

0.8
0.6

0.86
0.48

0.48
0.64

0.976

0.768

0.976
0.768

1.61
1.2

1.2
1

0.976

0.768

0.976
0.768

1.61
1.2

1.2
1

x+y+2z=4
3x+y+4z=6
x+y+z=1

THE GIVEN SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS ARE :

WHICH CAN BE WRITTENN IN THE FORM OF MATRIX AS:

1
3
1

1
1
1

2
4
1

x
y
z

4
6
1

B
A-1B

A=

1
3
1

x
y
z

4
6
1

-1.5
0.5
1

-1

1
1
1

2
4
1

0.5
-0.5
0

1
1
-1

-1.5
0.5
1

x
y
z

-2
0
3

0.5
-0.5
0

1
1
-1

4
6
1

TO FIT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

153
205
273
306
491
656
878
1178

y= ax +bx+c

to fit
using principles of least squares we get the norma equations as

y=ax2+bx+nc
xy=ax3+bx2+cx
x2y=ax4+bx3+cx2

xy

x2

x3

x4

x 2y

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
36

153
205
273
306
491
656
878
1178
4140

153
410
819
1224
2455
3936
6146
9424
24567

1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
204

1
8
27
64
125
216
343
512
1296

1
16
81
256
625
1296
2401
4096
8772

153
820
2457
4896
12275
23616
43022
75392
162631

4140=204a+36b+8c
24567=1296a+204b+36c
162631=8772a+1296b+204c
Using matrix system of solving linear equation we get
204
1296
8772

36
204
1296

8
36
204

a
b
c

4140
24567
162631

X
-1
A

Therefore by putting the values we get

X=

0.08929
-0.9107
1.94643

X=

21.5952
-53
205.321

a
b
c
therefore ,
a
b
c

-0.053571429
0.505952381
-0.910714286

21.5952381
-53
205.3214286

=
=
=

21.5952381
-53
205.3214286

0.005952
-0.05357
0.089286

the required second degree parabola is

y=21.5952381x2-53x+205.3214286

4140
24567
162631

-1

A=

204
1296
8772

B=

4140
24567
162631

36
204
1296

8
36
204

0.089286 -0.05357 0.005952

-1

A =

-0.91071 0.505952 -0.05357

1.946429 -0.91071 0.089286

X=

a
b
c

LOWER LIMIT
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110

UPPER LIMIT
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

FREQUENCY
1
6
7
10
17
7
4
3
0

C.INTERVAL
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110

MORE THAN CF
55
54
48
41
31
14
7
3
0

LESS THAN CF
0
1
7
14
24
41
48
52
55

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
40

50

60

70

80

OGIVE(LESS THAN AND MORE THAN)

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY

60
50
40
MORE THAN CF

30

LESS THAN CF

20

median

10
0
30

40

50

60

70

80

CLASS INTERVAL

90

100

110

42
53
68
66
72
75
67
79
76
96
63

40
76
104
77
79
61
78
73
64
86
100

80

90

100

110

120

60
84
80
90
52
75
77
59
69
78
80

MORE THAN CF
LESS THAN CF

MORE THAN CF

LESS THAN CF

74
110
69
49
50
41
65
54
42
51
95

82
50
79
84
103
83
56
81
70
94
71

DATA
`
YEARS

1ST QUARTER (Y1)

1998
10
1999
11
2000
14
2001
19
2002
22
MEAN
15.2
STD DEV
5.167204273
VAR
26.7
AVEARAGES OF QUARTERS
1
2
3
4

15.2
47.4
34.2
70

STANDARD DEVIATION
1=
2=
3=
4=

5.167204273
16.27267649
9.959919678
22.96736816

2ND QUARTER(Y2)
27
35
51
57
67
47.4
16.27267649
264.8

3RD QUARTER(Y3)

4TH QUARTER(Y4)

21
29
33
43
45
80
34.2
9.959919678
70
99.2
60
VARIANCE
VAR(1)=50
VAR(2)=
VAR(3)=40

40
57
74
78
101
70
527.5
26.7
264.8
99.2
527.5

VAR(4)=
30
20
10
0
1998

1999

PIE CHART

1
2
3
4
1=
Series1
1, 15.2

BAR GRAPH

1999

VALUES

80

70
4, 70

60
2000
40
20

2001

2, 47.4
47.4
34.2

15.2

0
1

3, 34.2

AVEARAGES OF THE QUARTERS

MARKS OUT OF 50 IN DIFFERENT SUBJECTS

NAMES

ANKIT
DINESH
RAMAN
JITENDER
PAYAL
ADITI
RAKESH
RAVI
DIKSHA
RAHUL

MATHS ENGLISH COMP SC

28
31
45
26
37
47
39
25
29
36

30
41
36
25
34
32
27
22
34
39

45
46
39
35
42
43
44
40
33
32

SORTING AND FILTER

NAMES

ADITI
RAMAN
RAKESH
PAYAL
RAHUL
DINESH
DIKSHA
ANKIT
JITENDER
RAVI

MATHS ENGLISH COMP SC

47
45
39
37
36
31
29
28
26
25

32
36
27
34
39
41
34
30
25
22

43
39
44
42
32
46
33
45
35
40

NAMES

MATHS

ADITI
RAMAN
RAKESH
PAYAL
RAHUL
DINESH
DIKSHA
ANKIT
JITENDER
RAVI

47
45
39
37
36
31
29
28
26
25

ENGLISH COMP SC

32
36
27
34
39
41
34
30
25
22

43
39
44
42
32
46
33
45
35
40

DINESH
RAMAN
JITENDER
PAYAL
ADITI
RAKESH
RAVI
DIKSHA
RAHUL

31
45
26
47
39
25
29
36

41
36
25
34
32
27
22
34
39

46
39
35
42
43
44
40
33
32

xi

fi

fixi

di

fidi

fidi2

fidi3

fidi4

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
36

1
8
28
56
70
56
28
8
1
256

0
8
56
168
280
280
168
56
8
1024

-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
0

-4
-24
-56
-56
0
56
56
24
4
0

16
72
112
56
0
56
112
72
16
512

-64
-216
-224
-56
0
56
224
216
64
0

256
648
448
56
0
56
448
648
256
2816

x=

Moments about mean

1=

2=

3=

4=

11

coffecients of skewness and kurtosis

1=

2=

2.75

1=

2=

-0.25

When Probability of getting a tail is 0.4

S.n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Rnd no. results S.n Rnd no. results S.n

0.60812
0
26 0.291475
1
51
0.265467
1
27 0.262134
1
52
0.897435
0
28 0.786372
0
53
0.946669
0
29 0.819629
0
54
0.223381
1
30 0.189063
1
55
0.179967
1
31 0.950075
0
56
0.323715
1
32 0.55345
0
57
0.021819
1
33 0.332738
1
58
0.840658
0
34 0.796549
0
59
0.004665
1
35 0.049418
1
60
0.828213
0
36 0.734711
0
61
0.801428
0
37 0.898831
0
62
0.301535
1
38 0.874944
0
63
0.874086
0
39 0.579294
0
64
0.915495
0
40 0.047842
1
65
0.778283
0
41 0.95437
0
66
0.510473
0
42 0.515015
0
67
0.675186
0
43 0.312587
1
68
0.578474
0
44 0.985466
0
69
0.631496
0
45 0.376773
1
70
0.813048
0
46 0.126864
1
71
0.303429
1
47 0.570117
0
72
0.579003
0
48 0.747785
0
73
0.36657
1
49 0.359926
1
74
0.414807
0
50 0.17347
1
75
9
11
total no. of success=
Probability=

42
0.42

Rnd no. results S.n Rnd no. results

0.382505
1
76 0.905256
0
0.479285
0
77 0.818439
0
0.050116
1
78 0.184454
1
0.398681
1
79 0.604893
0
0.281555
1
80 0.818249
0
0.644862
0
81 0.247638
1
0.445043
0
82 0.912186
0
0.229203
1
83 0.341743
1
0.074319
1
84 0.826515
0
0.357663
1
85 0.229393
1
0.629587
0
86 0.262038
1
0.698107
0
87 0.375188
1
0.91679
0
88 0.77067
0
0.942213
0
89 0.795108
0
0.976561
0
90 0.832972
0
0.522448
0
91 0.295954
1
0.65799
0
92 0.320978
1
0.106255
1
93 0.851206
0
0.222679
1
94 0.474449
0
0.331238
1
95 0.659274
0
0.831991
0
96 0.621502
0
0.80116
0
97 0.395504
1
0.824794
0
98 0.921014
0
0.402669
0
99 0.379258
1
0.313795
1
100 0.282819
1
11
11

when probabiity of getting a tail is 0.55

S.n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Rnd no. results S.n Rnd no. results S.n

0.60812
0
26 0.291475
1
51
0.265467
1
27 0.262134
1
52
0.897435
0
28 0.786372
0
53
0.946669
0
29 0.819629
0
54
0.223381
1
30 0.189063
1
55
0.179967
1
31 0.950075
0
56
0.323715
1
32 0.55345
0
57
0.021819
1
33 0.332738
1
58
0.840658
0
34 0.796549
0
59
0.004665
1
35 0.049418
1
60
0.828213
0
36 0.734711
0
61
0.801428
0
37 0.898831
0
62
0.301535
1
38 0.874944
0
63
0.874086
0
39 0.579294
0
64
0.915495
0
40 0.047842
1
65
0.778283
0
41 0.95437
0
66
0.510473
1
42 0.515015
1
67
0.675186
0
43 0.312587
1
68
0.578474
0
44 0.985466
0
69
0.631496
0
45 0.376773
1
70
0.813048
0
46 0.126864
1
71
0.303429
1
47 0.570117
0
72
0.579003
0
48 0.747785
0
73
0.36657
1
49 0.359926
1
74
0.414807
1
50 0.17347
1
75
11
12
total no. of success=
probability=

50
0.5

Rnd no. results S.n Rnd no. results

0.382505
1
76 0.905256
0
0.479285
1
77 0.818439
0
0.050116
1
78 0.184454
1
0.398681
1
79 0.604893
0
0.281555
1
80 0.818249
0
0.644862
0
81 0.247638
1
0.445043
1
82 0.912186
0
0.229203
1
83 0.341743
1
0.074319
1
84 0.826515
0
0.357663
1
85 0.229393
1
0.629587
0
86 0.262038
1
0.698107
0
87 0.375188
1
0.91679
0
88 0.77067
0
0.942213
0
89 0.795108
0
0.976561
0
90 0.832972
0
0.522448
1
91 0.295954
1
0.65799
0
92 0.320978
1
0.106255
1
93 0.851206
0
0.222679
1
94 0.474449
1
0.331238
1
95 0.659274
0
0.831991
0
96 0.621502
0
0.80116
0
97 0.395504
1
0.824794
0
98 0.921014
0
0.402669
1
99 0.379258
1
0.313795
1
100 0.282819
1
15
12

LOWER LIMIT
20

UPER LIMIT
30

MID VALUE
25

FREQUENCY
0

30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110

35
45
55
65
75
85
95
105

4
8
8
9
9
10
2
0

FREQUENCY

12

10
10

FREQUENCY

8
6
4
4
2
2
0

0
25

35

45

55

65
MID VALUE

75

85

95

105

85
39
49
86
63
88
51
69
43
38

73
69
38
39
84
56
47
51
59
45

79
74
91
43
68
68
50
68
52
92

55
82
83
67
53
71
67
72
73
49

44
64
86
85
79
89
90
75
79
56

37
38
46

|x|

-48052

x-1

31
42
96

73
84
14

0.155581 -0.13681 0.009615

-0.06934 0.059103 0.006951
-0.03571 0.044244 -0.00782

x
1
2
3
4
5

y
1
1.2
1.8
2.5
3.6

6
7

4.7
6.6

9.1

to fit y =aebx
taking logarithm on both the sides we get
log(y)=log(a)+bx*log( e )
Y=A+x*B

x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
36

y
1
1.2
1.8
2.5
3.6
4.7
6.6
9.1
30.5

Y=An+Bx
Yx=A x+Bx2

3.739379=8A+36B
22.73918=36A+204B

Y
0
0.079181
0.255273
0.39794
0.556303
0.672098
0.819544
0.959041
3.739379

Yx
0
0.158362
0.765818
1.59176
2.781513
4.032587
5.736808
7.672331
22.73918

x2
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
204

Now this equations can be writen in the matrix orm as

8
36

36
204
C

A
B
*

3.739379
22.73918
=

D
C *D
-1

C-1

0.607143 -0.10714
-0.10714 0.02381

-0.166
0.140761

-0.166

0.140761
0.434294

Therefore,

a
b

=
=

0.682334
0.324115