Sonntag, Borgnakke and van Wylen

9.7 An air compressor has a significant heat transfer out. See Example 9.4 for how high T becomes if no heat transfer. Is that good or should it be insulated? Solution: A lower T at a given pressure P means the specific volume is smaller, Ideal gas: Pv = RT ; Shaft work: w = - v dP This gives a smaller work input which is good.

9.8 A large condenser in a steam power plant dumps 15 MW at 45oC with an ambient at 25oC. What is the entropy generation rate? Solution: This process transfers heat over a finite temperature difference between the water inside the condenser and the outside ambient (cooling water from the sea, lake or river or atmospheric air) C.V. The wall that separates the inside 45oC water from the ambient at 25oC. Entropy Eq. 9.1 for steady state operation:
cb

Condensing water

Sea water

45oC dS dt = 0 =

25oC

. . . . Q . Q Q + S = + S gen gen T45 T25 T

. 15 MW 15 MW kW Sgen = 25 + 273 K 45 + 273 K = 3.17 K