ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE

RNA virus
orthos, Greek "straight" myxo, Greek "mucus"

M. Gladwin and B. Trattler, Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple

PARAMYXOVIRIDAE
RNA virus
para, Greek beyond myxo, Greek mucus

Mode of Transmission: Airborne Respiratory Droplets Virulence Factors: Glycoprotein spike contains: Hemagglutinin (HA) - binds to cell surface receptors ( neuramidic acid/sialic acid) Neuramidase (NA) cleaves neuramidic acid, exposing sialic acid binding sites. Mode of Transmission: Airborne Respiratory Droplets Virulence Factors: HA and NA are a part of the same glycoprotein spike, not two different spikes. Possess a fusion (F) protein (not present in the orthomyxoviridae) that causes the infected host cells to fuse together into multinucleated giant cells. The Paramyxoviruses: The Orthomyxovirus/Influenza viruses:

1. Parainfluenza virus
- Upper respiratory tract Infection in adults; bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis. - Viral pneumonia in children, elderly and immunocompromised. - Croup: Children develop a barking cough. 2. Respiratory Syncytial virus - Most common cause of pneumonia in infants less than 6 months of age.

1. Influenza A- pandemics and epidemics; 2. 3.

humans and animals Influenza B- epidemics; human virus Influenza C- mild respiratory tract infection

Clinical Manifestation: The Flu: Fever, runny nose, cough, myalgias(muscle pain), arthralgias (joint pain). Complications: Secondary bacterial pneumonias in the elderly. Reyes Syndrome in children who use aspirin; get liver and brain disease. Increased mortality in the elderly and in those with underlying pulmonary and cardiac disease.

3. Mumps virus
- Parotid gland swelling - Testicular inflammation

4. Measles virus (rubeola)

- Prodrome: high fever, cough and conjunctivitis. - Kopliks spots: small red based blue-white centered lesion in the mouth. - Rash: from head, then to neck and torso, then to feet.

References:
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/RNA10.jpg http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mhunt/RNA14.jpg