76 2.

Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions

Khushdeep methodology
effect of turbulence in gasparticle flow is modified by a weight factor Kd introduced to equation (2.173) according to

where the continuous phase viscosity is simply the shear-induced turbulence:

Physically, the weight factor Kd accounts for the transfer of turbulence energy to the disperse phase due to the inertia of the particles.

In an attempt to better characterize the turbulent dispersion of particles utilizing the two-fluid modelling approach, development of turbulent transport equations for the particle co-flowing with a gas has been emphasized. As shall be discussed in more detail in Chapter 4, scalar variables such as the kinetic stress, gas particle covariance and gas particle correlation must be calculated via suitable transport equations in addition to the predictions of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation of turbulent energy. The consideration of these extra scalar variables further adds to the computational burden of an already complex problem. Similar turbulent transport equations may also be written for the bubble phase in a gasliquid flow. They are nonetheless yet to be developed and require considerable substantial amounts of development.

2.7 Differential And Integral Form Of The

Transport Equations

On the basis of the derivation of the conservation equations described, let us collate the set of partial differential equations, as summarized below, governing the time-dependent three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer of a Newtonian fluid for the mixture model and two-fluid model using the two-equation ke model. 1. Mixture model Mass: