Primary Sources "The Guard Who Opened the Berlin Wall: 'I Gave My People the Order -- Raise

the Barrier'" Interview by Cordt Schnibben. AHA Today; Celebrating the Fall of the Berlin Wall. American Historical Association, 02 Nov. 2009. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://blog.historians.org/resources/910/celebrating-the-fall-of-theberlin-wall>. This interview is extremely vital. It is very telling of the confusion and really the demise of the communist government of Eastern Europe. It is clear that not even the guards at the wall knew what was about to happen.

Hilton, Christopher. "A Moment of Change at Checkpoint Charlie." Editorial. Newsweek 5 Mar. 1990: 45. Print. This editorial was written by someone who was experiencing the clamor of the wall being torn down. At a cafe near the wall, he slowly realized what was happening before his eyes. He left the cafe and walked across the street to join the crowd. Kennedy, John F. Kennedy's Speech at the Berlin Wall. West Germany in Front of the Brandenburg Gate, Berlin. 26 June 1963. Address. I obtained a recording of this speech from the National Archives presidential library website. I found this speech to be very emotional, because in the speech, President Kennedy basically says that we are all Berliners. In other words, he is trying to say that the United States stands sided to side with West Berliners and will protect and help them. Pawassar, Frank. "Weekend of Unbounded Freedom." Die Welt [Berlin] 10 Nov. 1989: 2. Print. This German newspaper article was translated into English, and gives a first-hand account of the events surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. Schemann, Serge. "East Germany Opens Frontier to West for Migration or Travel; Thousands Cross." The New York Times 10 Nov. 1989: 1A+. Print.

This article details the first-hand account of this reporter at the Berlin Wall as it was coming down. His details are very important to see the historical significance of the event. Schemenn, Serge. "Wall Opened at Old Center of Berlin, and Mayors Meet; Square Is Mobbed." The New York Times 13 Nov. 1989: 1A+. Print. This newspaper article is about how the two mayors met just after the fall of the wall. It was a very symbolic meeting and described in detail how the fall of the Berlin Wall was a turning point in history. Thatcher, Margaret. Remarks on the Berlin Wall (fall thereof). 10, Downing Street, London, England, London. 10 Nov. 1989. Speech. I used the information in this interview to understand how important the reunification of Germany and end of the Iron Curtain was important to England, especially economically.

United States. CIA. Weekly Summaries. U.N.: Soviet Veto on Berlin. Washington D.C.: National Archives, 2005. Print. Weekly Summary, Excerpt 29. This summary gave a clear picture of the crisis that was about to develop regarding Germany and Berlin. It was clear that the Soviet Union was not willing to compromise or cooperate. This unwillingness is what led to the Berlin Crisis and the eventual building of the wall.

Wirthe, Annette. "Germans United Again." Die Welt [Berlin] 13 Nov. 1989: 5. Print. This German newspaper article was translated into English. It describes the events surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. It is a first-hand account of the events. I found it very helpful, because it describes so many details.

Secondary Sources "The Berlin Airlift." PBS. PBS, 19 Jan. 2007. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. The article on this website helped give me information on the Berlin Airlift. It also included photos that I used for my website of the airplanes landing on airstrips with plenty of supplies for the people of West Berlin. "Berlin Wall." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 04 Sept. 2002. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. I used this website to get started with my research. It helped that I was able to get short videos about the Berlin Wall and many of the other topics surrounding the Berlin Wall. I also was able to read the short articles surrounding this topic. Brill, Marlene Targ. "Thawing the Cold War." America in the 1980s. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century, 2010. 28-29. Print. This book describes some of the major events of the 1980's. The couple of pages that I looked up describe the relationship that developed between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. This open discussion was very important in decreasing the power the Soviet Union had over East Germany. Buckley, William F. "The Wall Came Tumbling Down." The Fall of the Berlin Wall. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. 136-74. Print. This chapter explains the story of the wall coming down. The author describes how the wall became a symbol of the end of the Cold War. This book was very helpful in explaining in simple terms the significance of the end of the Berlin Wall. "Encyclopdia Britannica Online School Edition." Encyclopdia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2012.

This encyclopedia article gave me some general knowledge about the occupation of Germany. It also gave me the idea of researching about the Potsdam Conference and adding a tab about the conference. It was very helpful, because it was easy to read and understand. "Encyclopdia Britannica Online School Edition." Encyclopdia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopedia Britanninca, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. This online encyclopedia website was used to analyze the impact that Ronald Reagan's speech had on the end of the Cold War and the tearing down of the Berlin Wall. It was helpful because the article is designed for students my age and is easy to understand. It also helped me realize that Ronald Reagan almost did not say those famous four words, "Tear Down This Wall". Gregory, Pedlow. "NATO and the Berlin Crisis of 1961: Facing the Soviets While Maintaining Unity." National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives Museum, 25 Aug. 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Through this website, I was able to read an article about the Berlin Crisis of 1961. The article describes the tense moments that could have led to World War III. It also explains that the creation of NATO helped calm the situation down. Kienzle, Thomas. "Fall of the Berlin Wall." CBS News The Fall of the Berlin Wall. CBS Interactive, Oct.-Nov. 2007. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. I used a lot of the information that was posted by CBS. Much of the information is from AP reporters that were onsite as the many German citizens were clamoring at the wall. The most interesting part of the information was the personal stories of separation from many of the German citizens. Langley, Andrew. "Timeline." The Collapse of the Soviet Union: The End of an Empire. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point, 2007. 86-92. Print. The entire book was full of photos which were very helpful in describing the power of the Soviet Union. It also explained the phrase "Iron Curtain". Lastly, the timeline was helpful with explaining how the fall of the Berlin Wall was a turning point, because it helped spark revolutions throughout Eastern Europe.

Leiby, Richard A. "Coming Together- Remaining Apart." The Unification of Germany, 1989-1990. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999. 67-74. Print. The pages I read in this book were about how the unification of Germany has not been easy. It explains how there were soldiers put on trial for killing people who had been trying to cross. It also explains how Germany is struggling to become a European power. Specifically it helped me create the tab on the German Reunification. McGee, Mark R. Berlin: A Visual and Historical Documentation from 1925 to the Present. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2002. Print. I referred to the photographs provided in this book to visualize the beauty of Berlin before World War II and the destruction left after World War II.

Meyer, Michael. "Introduction." The Year That Changed the World: The Untold Story behind the Fall of the Berlin Wall. New York: Scribner, 2009. I-Xiii. Print. The preface in this book describes how the author, who was a reporter for Newsweek, gives credit to the movements throughout Eastern Europe for the fall of the Berlin Wall, than Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev.

"National Archives and Records Administration." Tear Down This Wall. National Archives, Summer 2007. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. This website was another website I used to examine Ronald Reagan's role in the end of the Cold War. Again, it backed-up the other website regarding the use of the famous phrase and how the speech had been rewritten several times over.

Ratnesar, Romesh. "Introduction." Tear down This Wall: A City, a President, and the Speech That Ended the Cold War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. 1-10. Print.

This part of this book was important to my research. It described the impact that Ronald Reagan had on the end of the Cold War. It specifically gives details about the famous speech that Ronald Reagan made at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin.

Wyden, Peter. "The Wall Goes UP: Sunday, August 13, 1961." Wall: The inside Story of Divided Berlin. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989. 133-47. Print. This book provided a lot of information for a variety of topics about the Berlin Wall. I specifically used the information for the tab on John F. Kennedy and the construction of the wall. It also provided a good amount of photos to help describe the personal stories the Berlin Wall created.