Professional Documents
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Costs of RFID RFID-roadmap RFID-readers Sensors Applications Options and challenges Discussion / questions
Future Technology Center Jan 31 2005 2
10 connective technologies
18 Oct 2004
What is RFID.
R(adio) F(requency) ID(entification) ~~~~ radio waves RFID is contactless / wireless
RFID is ranked among the top 10 of dominant future technologies RFID has also limitations
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Software:
Embedded protocol handling in reader Data management and connection RFID-system to ERP and other software
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tag
01.43200B9.23AE1F.345C4D012
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VLF
3~30 kHz
2-4 kHz
LF
30~300 kHz
125-135 kHz
HF
3~30 Mhz
UHF
300~3000 Mhz
SHF
3~60 Ghz
Future Technology Center
Power Frequency
Inductive
Battery
LF (125 KHz), HF (13.56 MHz), HF (303, 433 MHz), UHF (868-968 MHz), Microwave (2.4 GHz) Microwave (2.4 GHz) <1m 128 bits 32 kbits Unlimited ~ $0.15 to $10 ~ 2 to 500 m 64 bites - ? 2 to 7 years $10 to $20
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Barcode vs RFID-tags
Barcodes RFID / EPC
No Line of Sight Large Memory Data Moves with Product / Asset Dynamic Data Reads
+ -
Data Transfer Requires Line of Sight Data Storage is Limited Environmentally Sensitive
Higher Costs Read Sensitive to Product Attributes (metal, H2O) Limited Adoption
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RFID-TAGS
Smart CARDS (13.56 MHz) CAR KEY TAGS / HARD TAGS GLASS TAGS (125 KHz)
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RFID-TAGS
Silicon RFID -tags
Silicon chip (IC or C): thickness 120 m- 500 m Tag: IC-antenna-polymer carrier-packaging 13.56 MHz- UHF-2.45 GHZ RO and RW ICs Al, Cu and screen/rotoprinted antennas Price level too high for most primary packaging (0.15-0.30 EUR)
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RFID-TAGS
Chip-antenna connection + antenna:
Expensive Vulnerable (P, T) Bonding necessary
Solutions:
Coil on chip: rf-link to label antenna (Microsensys) Use chipmodules Develop new bonding materials and methods Flexible Si-chip with integrated antennas (Philips)
Microsensys
Philips
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UHF RFID-labels
Frequency 868-968 MHz up to 2.45 GHz. Some companies use two antenna lines connected to UHF IC, creating by this a di-pole antenna Some use other shapes for better performance
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RFID-TAGS, standards
ISO 15693 ISO 14443 A/B ISO 18000 (13.56 MHz-UHF) See www.nen.nl
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RFID-TAGS
EAS-tags
Anti-theft tags RF or magnetic Al or other metals Low costs: 0.01 EUR Options to use as sensor or authenticity tag
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RFID-TAGS
Printed RFID-tags
Antenna: ink filled with silver parts RF-parts: connection pads, capacitor element Printed EAS/authenticity tags
UHF RFID-tag
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RFID-TAGS
Polymer / plastic RFID-tags
Replace silicon with polymer logic circuitry Basic elements are: FET, antenna, rectifier Use inkjet and/or lithographic technology Integrate tags in printed labels/packaging Ultra low cost tags
Photo Philips
Plastic wafer
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RFID-TAGS
Polymer / plastic RFID-tags
Focus at: production technology, accuracy of FETs, antenna/rectifier (speed) Integration of low cost polymer sensor possible
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RFID-TAGS
Polymer / plastic RFID-tags
Focus at upgrading operating frequency: 50-60-125 KHz. Aim at 13.56 MHz for first prototypes.
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RFID-TAGS
Nano and molecular RFID
Molecular FETs to make molecular logic circuitry Use of nanoparticles (CNTFET) for logic and nanowires Smaller and cheaper than CMOS chips
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RFID-TAGS
SMART DUST
Micro/nano devices Integrated MEMS+ID+power+rf antenna
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2005
POLYMER FET
2010
2015
gate
Cost/size reduction
Nano/Molecular electronics
868 Mhz-2.45 GHz UHF passive tag 13.56 MHz passive tag
Data rate
Frequency
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Costs of RFID
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RFID READERS
Fixed:
Gate readers Industrial readers on forklift trucks, transport lines
Handheld:
Mobile scanner/PDA PDA with RFID-card reader module Mobile phone?
SAMsys
Dialoc ID
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RFID READERS
Basic construction
Antenna, amplifier, coupler, C, battery, user-interface
interface
Protocol Management
Future Technology Center
RF interface
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RFID -tag
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POLYLED (RF)ID-card
Fine maskpattern in polyLED Optical cardreader and/or RFID-reader Store biometric info also in IC Supply power to polyLED via reader Integration biometric data: fingeprint, irisscopic, facial etc.
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SENSORS
Optical RF Acoustic Passive vs active Integration in packaging to monitor:
T Humidity B/C influences Tampering
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Senstenna
POLYLEDs
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BIOSWITCH SENSORS
Bioswitch sensor for B/C detection in materials/packaging Nanosensor with protective/reactive coating (RF or optical reading)
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RFID APPLICATIONS
Services:
Loyalty and membership cards Payment (with car, at vending machines, automatic cash machines etc.) Library
Logistics:
Supply chain management of returnable transit items (pallets, kegs, containers) Wharehouse control Automatic ID of products
RFID APPLICATIONS
Retail:
Pricing / automatic payment Individual item tagging of food, pharma packaging, FMCG (EPCcoding vs EAN-barcode) Smart shelf EAS and authenticity tagging Liability, traceability Info supply to consumer
Clothing:
EAS Find right size, colour etc Find matching clothing
Pharma/ healthcare:
ID, traceability, authenticity of pharmaceuticals ID-tagging of blood bags Diagnostic packaging.
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t
M ain Goal
Development of integration method for RFIDtags in injection moulded and blowmoulded packaging and development of read/write system
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Identec /VW
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Prada store NY
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CHALLENGES
Reduce costs Privacy aspects of tagging Readability, long distance reading Multiple tag reading > 500 t/s Printable plastic tags Memory capacity chips Universal protocols and frequencies Positioning with RFID-tags
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