TUN 6

M HNH KHI NIM D LIU

Ni dung
M hnh khi nim d liu (MHKNDL) Khi nim v m hnh thc th - mi quan h (m hnh E-R) S dng m hnh E-R m t MHKNDL Qui trnh pht trin mt MHKNDL V d

M hnh khi nim d liu (MHKNDL)

MHKNDL m t d liu ca th gii thc gn vi hot ng nghip v ca t chc s dng n. Vic m t MHKNDL l hon ton c lp vi mi h qun tr CSDL v cch thc s dng n.

Ni dung
M hnh khi nim d liu (MHKNDL) Khi nim v m hnh thc th - mi quan h (m hnh E-R) S dng m hnh E-R m t MHKNDL Qui trnh pht trin mt MHKNDL V d

M hnh thc th - mi quan h (ERM)

Ba thnh phn ca ERM l:

Thc th (entity)
Mt thc th ch mt lp cc i tng ca th gii thc hay cc khi nim c lp c cng nhng c trng chung K hiu: hnh ch nht

Thc th Mi quan h gia cc thc th Thuc tnh ca thc th v mi quan h Cc ng kt ni

Tn thc th l mt mnh danh t

SINH VIN MN HC PHIU XUT

Bn th (instance)
Bn th l mt i tng c th ca mt lp i tng
V d: mt bn th ca lp SINHVIN (624-17-8360, Nguyn Trung Thnh,7/12/ 77 , ng 650/13Bch ng, H Ni, 1999)

Thuc tnh (attribute)

Thuc tnh l cc c trng ca thc th K hiu: hnh elip c ni vi thc th bng mt on thng

! !

Phn bit thc th v bn th

Tiu thc Khi nim S lng Bn cht Th hin Mt Khung cha d liu Tn thc th v tn cc c trng Thc th Ch mt lp i tng Nhiu D liu B cc gi tr tng ng vi cc c trng Bn th Ch mt i tng c th

Tn thuc tnh khng cha tn thc th khc hay ng t Mt thc th phi c t nht mt thuc tnh Tn sinh vin a ch Ngoi ng
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M sinh vin SINH VIN

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Phn loi thuc tnh

Thuc tnh tn gi l thuc tnh m mi gi tr c th ca n cho tn gi ca mt bn th VD: tn sinh vin Thuc tnh a tr l mt thuc tnh c th nhn nhiu hn mt gi tr i vi mi bn th VD: Ngoi ng
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Phn loi thuc tnh

Thuc tnh nh danh l mt hay mt s thuc tnh ca thc th m gi tr ca n cho php ta phn bit c cc bn th khc nhau ca mt thc th VD: m sinh vin hoc (tn sinh vin, ngy sinh) K hiu: thuc tnh nh danh c gch chn

Mt thc th khi c xc nh bt bu c phi c thu c tnh nh danh

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Cc mi quan h (Relationships)
Mi quan h phn nh mi quan h vn c gia cc bn th gia cc bn th ca cc thc th K hiu: hnh thoi c ni vi cc thc th lin quan bng cc on thng
NHN VIN THAM GIA Ngy kt thc
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Cc mi quan h (Relationships)
Phn loi

Mi quan h tng tc Mi quan h s hu hay ph thuc

Cc thuc tnh ca mi quan h l cu tr li cho ng t th hin mi quan h (ai?, ci g?, u?, bng cch no? khi no? nh th no? bao nhiu?)

Mi quan h c th c thuc tnh

!
KHO HC

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Bn s ca thc th
Bn s ca thc th B trong mi quan h vi thc th A l s cc bn th ca thc th B c th lin kt vi mt bn th ca thc th A trong mi quan h . Bn s ca cc thc th trong mi quan h quy nh kiu lin kt

Bn s ca thc th
Bn s ln nht v bn s nh nht
S nh nht S ln nht

Lin kt mt - mt (1:1) Lin kt mt - nhiu (1:N) Lin kt nhiu - nhiu (M:N)

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Bn s ca thc th
S ph thuc tn ti: mt bn th ca thc th khng th tn ti nu khng c tn ti mt bn th ca thc th kia Thc th yu: l thc th c s ph thuc tn ti
PHIM SAO BN SAO

Bc ca mi quan h
Bc ca mt mi quan h l s cc thc th tham gia vo mi quan h . Mi quan h bc mt ( qui) l mi quan h gia cc bn th ca cng mt thc th
s lng NGI K T HN MC GM

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Bc ca mi quan h
Mi quan h bc hai l mi quan h gia hai bn th ca hai thc th khc nhau
NHM S N PHM GM SN PHM

Cc trng hp m rng
Thuc tnh a tr (nhm lp) tch thnh mt thc th ring v c mi quan h vi thc th m n c tch ra
S bnh nhn Tn bnh nhn BNH NHN a ch Bc s khm Triu chng Ngy khm

Mi quan h bc ba l mi quan h c s tham gia ng thi ca ba bn th thuc ba thc th khc nhau MN HC

s tit GIO VIN GI NG DY LP
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Tn bnh nhn S bnh nhn

a ch C

S bnh nhn LCH S I U TR

Ngy khm Triu chng

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BNH NHN

Bc s khm

Cc trng hp m rng
D liu ph thuc thi gian
Gi M sn ph m SN PHM Ngy hiu lc

Biu din qui tc nghip v

Qui tc nghip v l nhng th tc, quy nh v nguyn tc ca mt t chc ra nhm m bo cho hot ng ca h t c mc tiu mong mun Qui tc nghip v c th hin trong m hnh d liu di cc dng sau:

M sn phm SN PHM

M sn phm C

Gi

LCH S GI Ngy hi u lc
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Tnh ton vn thc th

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Biu din qui tc nghip v

Ni dung
M hnh khi nim d liu (MHKNDL) Khi nim v m hnh thc th - mi quan h (m hnh E-R) S dng m hnh E-R m t MHKNDL Qui trnh pht trin mt MHKNDL V d

Cc rng buc tham chiu Min gi tr Cc hot ng kch hot

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Qui trnh xy dng mt MHKNDL

Lit k, chnh xc ho v la chn cc thng tin c s

D liu vo: H s d liu, Mu h s D liu ra: T in d liu Cch lm:
1 Ghi tn h s v cc mc d li u 2 Chnh xc ho (tn gi) 3 La ch n nhng thu c tnh:

H s d liu Mu h s

Lit k chnh xc, ch n lc thng tin

Xc nh thc th v thuc tnh

Xc nh mi quan h v thu c tnh

M hnh d liu quan ni m

Xc nh bn s, thu g n

V biu m hnh
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Thuc tnh mang c trng ca c lp h s c xt Thuc tnh ch c chn mt ln Thuc tnh l s cp

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Xc nh cc thc th, cc thuc tnh v nh danh ca n

D liu vo: T in d liu D liu ra: Cc thc th v thuc tnh Cch lm:
1 Xc nh thc th: mi thuc tnh tn gi

Xc nh cc mi quan h v thuc tnh ca n

D liu vo: t in d liu D liu ra: cc mi quan h v thuc tnh Cch lm
1 Tm cc ng t xc nh mi quan h 2 Tm cc thc th lin quan (Ai? Ci g? u?) 3 Tm cc thuc tnh ca mi quan h (Khi no?

tng ng mt thc th 2 Xc nh cc thuc tnh ca thc th 3 Xc nh thuc tnh nh danh trong s cc thuc tnh ca thc th ang xt
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Bng cch no? Nh th no? Bao nhiu?)

4 Tm nhng mi quan h ph thuc hay s hu

(THUC, CA, , THEO, L )

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V biu m hnh thc th - mi quan h

D liu vo: thc th v thuc tnh, mi quan h v thuc tnh D liu ra: biu m hnh thc th - mi quan h Cch lm
1 V tt c cc thc th, mi quan h 2 B tr biu cn i, t ng ct nhau 3 V cc thuc tnh ca thc th v mi quan h
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Xc nh bn s, chun ho v thu gn biu

D liu vo: biu m hnh thc th - mi quan h D liu ra: ERM c chun ho v rt gn Cch lm
1 Xc nh bn s ca mi thc th 2 Chun ho (loi b thuc tnh lp, nhm lp,

thuc tnh ph thuc thi gian, m bo qui tc nghip v)

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Xc nh bn s, chun ho v thu gn biu

3 Thu gn biu

Ni dung
M hnh khi nim d liu (MHKNDL) Khi nim v m hnh thc th - mi quan h (m hnh E-R) S dng m hnh E-R m t MHKNDL Qui trnh pht trin mt MHKNDL V d

Cc thc th dng sau c th c b, thuc tnh ca chng c chuyn thnh thuc tnh ca thc th c quan h
Thc th treo v ch cha mt thuc tnh Mi quan h n tham gia l mt nhiu v n pha mt Mi quan h n tham gia l b c hai v khng c thuc tnh

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Bi ton
Mt cu lc b gii tr gm mt s khu vui chi. Mi khu c cc dch v. Cc thnh vin c th mua th v n gii tr mt a im bt k. T kho st, c cc h s v ti liu sau
Bng qung co dch v Khu vc s Tn khu vc a im M dch v 001 Tn dch v Cu lng 1 H by mu 200 L Dun n gi 4000/gi 9 Qung b 125 Yn Ph n gi 2500/gi Mc u i M dch v 001 Tn dch v Cu lng

Bi ton
Bng u i theo gi dch v 1 T l u i (%) 60% 6 T l u i (%) 90%

TH THNH VIN S B349 H tn thnh vin: Nguyn Vn Hng a ch: 60 Quan thnh, H ni Mc u i: 2 Ngy cp: 15/05/2001

Khu vc 3

PHIU S DNG DCH V S 305 1450 Cu lng 10/05/2001 15 gi 30 pht 17 gi 00 pht

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S th Dch v s dng Ngy T n

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Lit k, chnh xc ho v la chn thng tin

1
Tn c chnh xc ca cc c trng A. B. BNG QUNG CO DCH V S khu vc Tn khu vc i im khu vc M dch v Tn dch v n gi dch v theo khu vc TH THNH VIN S th thnh vin H tn thnh vin a ch thnh vin Mc u i Ngy cp th TV Vit gn tn c trng s KV Tn KV a im KV M DV Tn DV Gi DV/KV S th TV Tn TV a ch TV Mc u i Ngy cp th nh du loi mi bc X X X X X X X X X X X
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Lit k, chnh xc ho v la chn thng tin

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Tn c chnh xc ca cc c trng C. D. BNG U I GI DCH V Mc u i T l u i theo gi dch v PHIU S DNG DCH V s phiu s dng dch v S th (ngi s dng) thnh vin Tn dch v (s dng) Ngy s dng dch v Gi bt u s dng DV Gi kt thc s dng DV Vit gn tn c trng Mc T l gi DV S phiu SDDV S th TV Tn DV Ngy SDDV Gi b SDDV Gi kt SDDV X X X X X X X X nh du loi mi bc

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Xc nh cc thc th, gn thuc tnh cho n v xc nh nh danh

2 2

Xc nh cc thc th, gn thuc tnh cho n v xc nh nh danh

THNH VIN

KHU VC

S khu vc Tn khu vc a im khu vc M dch v Tn dch v

(nh danh)

M thnh vin H tn thnh vin a ch thnh vin Mc u i S th

(nh danh thm vo)

DCH V

U I
(nh danh)

(nh danh) (nh danh)

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TH

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Xc nh cc mi quan h v gn thuc tnh cho n

3 3

Xc nh cc mi quan h v gn thuc tnh cho n

Cp
Cu hi Tr li Thc th Cp cho ai? Cp ci g? Cp khi no? THNH VIN TH ngy cp (th) Thuc tnh

S dng
Cu hi Thc th Ai s dng? S dng ci g? S dng u? S dng bng cch no? S dng khi no? Khi no? Khi no? THNH VIN DCH V KHU VC s phiu SDDV ngy SDDV gi b SDDV gi kt SDDV
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Tr li Thuc tnh

Thuc: DCH V, KHU VC, gi DV/KV C: THNH VIN, U I Theo: U I, DCH V, "t l gi DV"

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V biu v xc nh bn s ca cc thc th
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S KV TH S th TV Ngy cp th C P M TV THNH VIN a ch TV C Tn TV Gi bt u Mc u i U I T l u i M DV THEO DCH V Tn DV U I S phiu Gi DV/KV S DNG Gi kt thc THUC Ngy SDDV Tn KV KHU VC a im KV

Chun ho v rt gn biu
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S KV Tn KV KHU VC Ngy cp th S th TV THNH VIN a ch TV C Tn TV Gi bt u Mc u i THEO T l u i M DV DCH V Tn DV Ngy SDDV S phiu Gi DV/KV S DNG Gi kt thc THUC a im KV

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Bi tp
Bi 6 <trang 151>

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