Chng 1 Gii thiu

A note on the use of these ppt slides:

Were making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers). Theyre in PowerPoint form so you see the animations; and can add, modify, and delete slides (including this one) and slide content to suit your needs. They obviously represent a lot of work on our part. In return for use, we only ask the following: If you use these slides (e.g., (e g in a class) that you mention their source (after all, wed like people to use our book!) If you post any slides on a www site, that you note that they are adapted from (or perhaps identical to) our slides, and note our copyright of this material. Thanks and enjoy! JFK/KWR All material copyright 1996-2012 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights Reserved Gii thiu 1-1

Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach

6th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley March 2012

Chng1: Gii thiu

Mc tiu:

Ni dung:

lm quen vi thut ng Tm hiu su hn trong kha hc ny Cch tip cn: S dng Internet lm v d

Internet l g? Giao Gi thc l g? ? Mng bin; hosts, mng truy nhp, phng tin truyn dn vt l Mng li: chuyn mch gi/ chuyn mch knh, cu trc Internet Hiu sut: s mt mt, tr, thng lng Bo mt Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v Lch s Introduction 1-2

Chng 1: Ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Mng bin cc h thng u cui, mng truy nhp, cc lin kt 1.3 Mng li 1.4 tr, s mt mt, thng lng trong mng 1.5 Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.6 Mng b tn cng: bo mt 1.7 Lch s
Chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

Gii thiu 1-3

Internet l g: nuts and bolts view

triu cc thit b my tnh c kt ni: server hosts = h thng u wireless cui laptop smartphone chy ng dng mng Cc lin kt truyn
PC

Hng

mng di ng ISP ton cu

thng

mng gia nh

lin kt khng dy lin kt c dy

thng h Chuyn mch gi: chuyn

cp quang, cp ng, radio, v tinh tc truy yn: bng g

ISP vng

thuyt b chuyn mch (router)

tip gi tin (khi d liu) mng t chc Thit b nh tuyn (routers ) v thit b chuyn mch (switches)

Gii thiu 1-4

Cc thit b internet Gii tr

My nng bnh m c tch hp web+ d bo thi tit Khung hnh IP http://www.ceiva.com/

Tweet-a-watt: My gim st s dng nng lng

Slingbox: ng h, iu khin tivi t xa T lnh internet in thoi internet

Gii thiu 1-5

Internet l g: nuts and bolts view

Internet: mng of cc mng Cc giao thc iu khin gi, nhn thng tin Cc chun Internet
V d: TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, 802.11 RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force Cc nh cung cp dch v mng (ISPs) c kt ni vi nhau. nhau

Mng di ng ISP ton cu

Mng gia nh

ISP vng

mng t chc

Gii thiu 1-6

Internet l g: ci nhn v dch v

C s h tng cung cp cc dch v cho cc ng dng: Cung cp giao din lp trnh cho cc ng dng
Web, VoIP, email, games, thng mi in t, mng x hi,

mng di ng ISP ton cu

mng gia nh ISP vng

Ci mc cho p php p gi v nhn cc chng trnh ng dng kt ni vi Internet cung cp cc la chn dch v, tng t nh dch v bu chnh.

mng t chc

Gii thiu 1-7

Giao thc l g?
Giao thc con ngi:

By gi l my gi? Ti c mt cu hi Gii thiu

Giao thc mng:

thng ip c th c gi cc hnh ng c th c thc h hin kh khi cc thng ip c nhn, hoc cc s kin khc

My mc ch khng phi l con ngi tt c cc hot ng truyn thng trn Internet b chi phi bi cc giao thc.

Giao thc nh ngha nh dng, ng th t cc thng ip c gi v nhn gia cc thc th mng, v cc hnh ng c thc hin trn vic truyn v nhn thng ip
Gii thiu 1-8

Giao thc l g?
Giao thc con ngi v giao thc mng my tnh:
Xin cho Xin cho
Rnh khng?
Yu cu kt ni TCP Tr li kt ni TCP Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross

2:00
time

<file>

Hi: cc giao thc khc ca con ngi?

Gii thiu 1-9

Chng1: Ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Mng bin h thng u cui, mng truy nhp, cc lin kt 1.3 Mng li 1.4 tr, s mt mt, thng lng trong mng 1.5 Cc lp giao thc, m hnh dch v 1.6 Mng b tn cng: bo mt 1.7 Lch s
chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

Gii thiu 1-10

Ci nhn gn hn v cu trc mng:

Mng bin:

mng di ng ISP ton cu

Mng truy nhp, phng tin truyn thng vt l: kt ni

hosts: my khch v my ch My ch thng t trong trung tm d liu

mng gia nh ISP vng

truyn thng c dy, dy v khng dy Mng li:

cc thit b nh

tuyn c lin kt mng ca cc mng

mng t chc

Gii thiu 1-11

Mng truy cp v phng tin truyn thng vt l

Q: Lm th no kt ni cc h thng u cui vi thit b nh tuyn bin?

mng truy cp khu dn c mng truy cp t chc (trng hc, cng ty) mng g truy y cp di ng g

Ghi nh:

bng thng (bits per second) ca mng truy cp? Chia s hoc dnh ring?

Gii thiu 1-12

Mng truy cp: ng dy thu bao k thut s

vn phng trung tm mng in thoi

DSL splitter modem

DSLAM

Thoi, d liu c truyn cc tn s khc nhau qua ng dy dnh ring n vn phng trung tm

ISP
DSL access multiplexer

Dng ng dy in thoi hiu c n cc DSLAM ca vn phng trung tm d liu qua ng dy in thoi DSL i ra Internet tn hiu thoi trn ng dy in thoi DSL i n mng in thoi < 2.5 Mbps tc truyn d liu ln (thng < 1 Mbps) Gi i thiu 1-13 < 24 Mbps tc truyn d liu xung (thng< 10 Mbps)

Mng truy cp: mng cp

cable headend

cable splitter modem

V I D E O 1

V I D E O 2

V I D E O 3

V I D E O 4

V I D E O 5

V I D E O 6

D A T A 7

D A T A 8

C O N T R O L 9

Channels

frequency division multiplexing: cc knh truyn khc nhau c truyn trong cc di tn s khc nhu.
Gii thiu 1-14

Mng truy cp: mng cp

cable splitter modem

u cui cp (cable headend)

CMTS

cable modem termination system

d liu, TV c truyn nhng tn s khc nhau qua mng phn tn cp c chia s

ISP

HFC: hybrid fiber coax Bt ng b: tc ti xung ln n 30Mbps, 30Mbps ti ln vi 2 Mbps Mng cp v si quang kt ni h gia nh n b nh tuyn ca ISP (ISP router) Cc h gia nh chia s mng truy nhp n u cui cp Khng ging DSL, c truy cp c dnh ring n vn Gii thiu 1-15 phng trung tm

Mng truy cp: mng gia nh

Thit b khng dy

n/t thit b u cui hoc vn phng trung tm

Thng c tch hp trong mt hp duy nht

cable or DSL modem wireless access point (54 Mbps) router, firewall, NAT wired Ethernet (100 Mbps)

Gii thiu 1-16

Mng truy cp Enterprise (Ethernet)

institutional link to ISP (Internet) institutional router Ethernet switch institutional mail, web servers

Thng c s dng trong cng ty, trng i hc Tc truyn 10 Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps Ngy nay, cc h thng u cui thng kt ni n thit b chuyn mch Ethernet (Ethernet switch)
Gii thiu 1-17

Mng truy cp khng dy

Mng truy cp khng dy c chia s kt ni h thng u cui n thit b nh tuyn

Thng g qua q base station cn c gi l access p point Trong ta nh (100 ft) 802.11b/g (WiFi): tc truyn 11, 54 Mbps

Mng cc b khng dy:

wide-area wireless access

c cung cp bi cng ty in thoi (di ng), 10s km T 1 n 10 Mbps 3G, 4G: LTE

to Internet to Internet
Gii thiu 1-18

Host: gi cc gi d liu
Chc nng host sending: Ly thng tin tng ng dng Chia nh thnh nhng phn nh h hn, c bit nh h l packets, chiu di L bits Truyn packet trong mng truy cp vi tc truyn R Tc truyn ca ng link, cn c gi l kh nng/cng sut ca ng link, cn c gi l bng thng ca ng
2p packets, , L bits mi ci

2 1

host

R: tc truyn ca ng link

link

tr truyn gi

Thi gian cn Truyn L-bit packet n ng link

L (bits) R (bits/sec)
1-19

ng truyn vt l

bit: lan truyn gia cc cp truyn/nhn Lin kt vt l: nhng g nm gia thit b truyn v nhn Phng tin truyn thng c hng dn: Cc tn hiu lan truyn trn cc phng tin truyn thng rn: cp ng, cp quang, cp ng trc Phng tin truyn thng khng c hng dn: Tn hiu lan truyn t do, v d radio

Cp xon (TP)

Hai dy cp ng c lp
Loi 5: 100 Mbps, 1 Gpbs Ethernet Loi 6: 10Gbps

Gii thiu 1-20

10

ng truyn vt l: cp ng trc, cp quang

Cp ng trc:

Cp quang:

Hai dy dn ng ng t tm Hai hng Bng thng rng:

nhiu knh trn cp HFC

Si thy tinh mng xung nh sng, sng mi xung l mt bit Hot ng tc cao:
Truyn point-to-point vi tc cao (v d., tc truyn 10s-100s Gpbs)

T l li thp:

B lp (repeaters) cch xa phn cn li Khng b nhiu in t

Gii thiu 1-21

ng truyn vt l: sng radio

Tn hiu c mang di dng ph in t Khng c dy dn vt l Truyn hai chiu Cc tc ng mi trng lan truyn: Phn x B cn tr bi vt cn B nhiu

Cc loi lin kt radio:

Vi sng mt t

LAN (nh WiFi)

Cc knh n 45 Mbps 11Mbps, 54 Mbps

Din rng (nh cellular) V tinh

3G cellular: ~ vi Mbps Knh t Kbps n 45Mbps ( h c chia ho hi nhi hiu knh k h nh h) tr gia 2 thit b u cui 270 msec gi khong cch c nh vi mt t, cao thp
Introduction 1-22

11

Chng 1: ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? g bin 1.2 Mng h thng u cui, mng truy cp, cc lin kt 1.3 Mng li

1.4 tr, s mt mt, thng lng trong mng g thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.5 Cc lp giao 1.6 Mng b tn cng: bo mt 1.7 Lch s

Chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

Gii thiu 1-23

Mng li

Gm cc b nh tuyn c kt ni vi nhau Chuyn mch gi: hosts chia nh d liu tn ng dng (application-layer messages) thnh cc

packets

Chuyn tip cc gi t mt b nh tuyn ny n b nh tuyn tip theo qua cc ng link trn ng i t ngun ti ch. Mi packet c truyn ti vi cng sut ln nht ca ng link

Gii thiu 1-24

12

Chuyn mch gi: store-and-forward

L bits mi packet Ngun
3 2 1

R bps

R bps

ch

store and forward: ton b packet phi n b nh tuyn trc khi n c th c truyn ti trn ng

Mt L/R giy truyn ti L-bit packet trong ng link ti tc R bps

V d s v one-hop : L = 7.5 Mbits R=1 1.5 5 Mbps tr truyn ti one-hop = 5 sec

Thm v tr ngn
Gii thiu 1-25

link tip theo end-end delay = 2L/R (gi s khng c tr lan truyn)

Chuyn mch gi: tr xp hng, s mt mt

A B
R = 100 Mb/s

C
R = 1.5 Mb/s

D E

Cc gi xp hng ch n lt xut trn ng link

Xp hng v s mt mt:

Nu tc n (theo bit) n ng link vt qu tc truy n dn ca mt kho t ng link li k trong t kh ng thi gian: Cc packet s xp hng v i c truyn ti trn ng link Cc packet c th b b (b mt) nu b nh (b m) b y

Gii thiu 1-26

13

Hai chc nng chnh ca mng li

routing: xc nh ng
i t ngun n ch c thc hin bi cc packet Thut ton routing
routing algorithm

forwarding: chuyn cc

packet t u vo ca b nh tuyn n u ra thch hp ca b nh tuyt

local forwarding table header value output link

0100 0101 0111 1001 3 2 2 1

1
3 2

a ch n trong header ca packet n

Gii thiu 4-27

Alternative core: chuyn mch knh

Ti nguyn gia 2 im cui c phn b, c dnh cho cuc gi gia ngun v ch: Trong s , mi ng link c bn knh. Cuc gi dng knh th 2nd trong ng link trn cng v knh th trong ng link bn phi. Ti nguyn c dnh ring : khng chia s circuit circuit-like like (c m bo) performance Mnh knh c cp pht s rnh ri nu khng c s dng bi cuc gi (khng chia s) Thng c s dng trong cc mng in thoi truyn thng
Gii thiu 1-28

14

Chuyn mch knh: FDM vi TDM

FDM frequency TDM time V d: 4 users

frequency time
Gii thiu 1-29

So sch chuyn mch gi vi chuyn mch knh

Chuyn mch gi cho php nhiu ngi dng c s dng mng!
V d: ng link 1 Mb/s Mi user:
users ng lin kt 1 Mbps

100 kb/s khi kch hot Thi gian kch hot 10%

yn Chuy
Chuyn

10 users

mch knh:

Q: lm th no c c gi tr 0.0004? 0 0004? Q: ci g s xy ra nu > 35 users ?

Vi 35 user, with 35 users, , xc sut kch hot > 10 s nh hn 0.0004

mch gi:

* Check out the online interactive exercises for more examples

Gii thiu 1-30

15

So sch chuyn mch gi vi chuyn mch knh

Liu chuyn mch gi c phi l k chin thng tt c?

Q: so snh vi con ngi trong vic cp ti nguyn dnh ring (chuyn mch) v cp pht ti nguyn theo yu cu (chuyn gi)? Gii thiu 1-31

Tt cho trng g hp d liu khng g c truy yn ra vi tc u (bursty data) Chia s ti nguyn n gin, khng cn thit lp cuc gi Trong trng hp tc nghn qu mc: packet b tr v tht lc Cc giao thc cn thit cho vic truyn d liu mt cch tin cy v iu khin tc nghn Q: Lm th no h tr cho hnh vi chuyn mch knh? Bo m bng thng cn thit cho cc ng dng audio/video Xem thm chng 7

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Cc h thng u cui kt ni n Internet thng qua access ISPs (Internet Service Providers) g ty y v trng g i hc Cc ISP khu dn c, cng Cc Access ISP ln lt phi c kt ni vi nhau V vy, bt c hai host no cng c th gi c d liu ln nhau. V vy, mng ca cc mng rt l phc tp S pht trin c thc y bi kinh t v chnh sch quc gia Ch ta hy Chng h tng bc khm kh ph h cu trc Internet I hin ti

16

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Cu hi: c hng triu access ISPs, lm th no chng
kt ni c vi nhau?
access net access net access net access net access net access net access net

access net

access net

access net

access net access net access net access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng*

La chn: kt ni tng access ISP n cc access ISP khc?
access net access net access net access net access net access net access net

access net

access net

Kt ni trc tip tng access ISP n tng access ISP khc s khng pht trin c: O(N2) s kt ni.
access net access net access net access net

access net

access net

access net

17

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

La chn: kt ni tng access ISP n mt ISP chuyn tip ton cu? Khch hng v nh cung cp dch v ISP phi tho thun v kinh t.
access net access net access net access net access net access net access net

access net

ISP ton cu

access net

access net

access net access net access net access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Nhng nu mt ISP ton cu l kh thi, th s c nhiu i th cnh tranh
access net access net access net access net access net access net access net

ISP A

access net

ISP B ISP C

access net

access net

access net access net access net access net

access net

access net

18

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Nhng nu mt ISP ton cu l kh thi, th s c cc i th cnh tranh c kt ni vi nhau Internet exchange point access access
access net access net access net net net access net

IXP

ISP A
IXP

access net

access net

ISP B

access net

access net

ISP C
access net access net

peering link
access net access net access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

v cc mng khu vc c th pht sinh kt ni cc mng li truy cp ny n cc ISP
access net access net access net access net access net access net

IXP

ISP A
IXP

access net

access net

ISP B

access net

access net

ISP C
access net access net access net

Mng khu vc
access net access net

access net

19

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

v cc mng cung cp ni dung (nh l Google, Microsoft, Akamai ) c th chy mng ring ca h mng li cc dch v v ni dung gn st vi ngi dng cui
access net access net access net access net access net access net

IXP

ISP A

access net

Content provider network

access net

IXP

ISP B

access net

access net

ISP B
access net access net access net

Mng khu vc
access net access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

ISP cp 1 IXP Regional ISP ISP cp 1 IXP Regional ISP Google IXP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

Ti trung tm: mt s lng nh cc mng ln c kt ni vi nhau

ISPs thng mi lp-1 (nh l Level 3, Sprint, AT&T, NTT), bao trm cc quc gia v ton th gii Content provider network (nh l Google): mng ring kt ni cc trung tm d liu ca n vi Internet, thng b qua cc IPS vng v ISP cp 1. Gii thiu 1-40

20

ISP cp 1: nh l Sprint
POP: point-of-presence

n/t /tbackbone b kb

peering

n/t khch hng

Gii thiu 1-41

Chng 1: ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Mng bin 1.3 Mng li
Cc h thng u cui, mng truy nhp, cc lin kt Chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

1.4 tr, s mt mt, thng lng trong mng 1.5 Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.6 Mng b tn cng: bo mt 1.7 Lch s

Gii thiu 1-42

21

Cc gi tin (packet) i trong b m ca b nh tuyn (router)

S mt mt v tr xy ra nh th no?
Tc n ca cc gi i tin ti n ng link li k (tm thi) vt qu c nng ca ng lin kt u ra Cc gi tin i v ch n lt
packet ang c truyn (tr)

A B
packets ang i (tr) B m rnh ri (sn sng): cc gi tin n s b b (mt mt) nu khng cn ch trng trong b m
Gii thiu 1-43

Bn ngun gy ra chm tr gi tin

truyn

A B

lan truyn

x l tai nt

xp hng

dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop

dproc: x l ti nt t

Kim tra cc bit li Xc nh ng ra Thng thng < msec

Thi gian i ti cng ra cho vic truyn d liu Ph thuc vo mc tc nghn ca b nh tuyn
Gii thiu 1-44

dqueue: tr xp hng h

22

Bn ngun gy ra chm tr gi tin

truyn

A B

lan truyn

x l ti nt

xp hng

dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop

dtrans: tr t do d t truyn:

L: chiu di gi (bits) R: bng thng ng link (bps) dtrans = L/R dtrans and dprop rt khc nhau

d: di ca ng link vt l s: tc lan truyn trong mi trng (thit b, dy dn) (~2x108 m/sec) dprop = d/s
Gii thiu 1-45

dprop: tr t do d l lan nt truyn:

* Check out the Java applet for an interactive animation on trans vs. prop delay

So snh vi on xe
100 km on 10 xe

100 km Trm thu ph p

Trm thu ph p

Cc xe lan truyn vi tc 100 km/hr Trm thu ph x l mi xe l 12 giy ( thi gian truyn bit) xe~bit; xe bit; on xe~ xe packet Q: Mt bao lu th on xe ti trm thu ph th 2?

Thi gian y ton b on xe qua trm thu ph qua ng cao tc = 12*10 = 120 sec Thi g gian xe cui cng lan truyn t trm thu ph s 1 n trm thu ph s 2 l 100km/(100km/hr)= 1 hr A: 62 pht

Gii thiu 1-46

23

So snh vi on xe (tt)
100 km on 10 xe Trm thu ph p 100 km Trm thu ph p

By gi, gi s xe lan truyn vi tc 1000 km/hr v trm thu ph mt mt pht phc v mt xe Cu hi: c xe no s n c trm thu ph th 2 trc khi c on xe c phc v ti trm thu ph th 1? p n: C! ! Sau 7 pht, h xe th h 1 s n trm thu h ph h th 2; v 3 xe theo sau tip theo vn cn trm thu ph th 1.

Gii thiu 1-47

Tr do xp hng (nhc li)

R: bng thng ng link (bps) L: di gi tin (bits) a: t l trung bnh gi tin n

cng lu thng = La/R

v, tr trung bnh v hn!

La/R ~ 0: tr trung bnh nh La/R -> 1: tr trung bnh ln La/R > 1: nhiu vic n hn kh nng phc

average queueing delay

La/R ~ 0

* Check out the Java applet for an interactive animation on queuing and loss

La/R -> 1
Gii thiu 1-48

24

 tr v nh tuyn trn Internet thc t

tr v s mt mt trn Internet thc t trng nh th no Chng trnh traceroute: gip o lng tr t ngun ti thit b nh tuyn ci m dc theo con ng Internet t u cui ny n u cui kia n ch. Vi tt c i:

Gi 3 gi tin s n b nh tuyn I trn ng ti ch Router R i s tr v cc gi tin cho h ngi gi Khong thi gian ln gi gia truyn v tr li
3 probes 3 probes
Gii thiu 1-49

3 probes

tr v nh tuyn trn Internet thc t

traceroute: gaia.cs.umass.edu n www.eurecom.fr
3 gi tr tr t gaia.cs.umass.edu n cs-gw.cs.umass.edu g g
1 cs-gw (128.119.240.254) 1 ms 1 ms 2 ms 2 border1-rt-fa5-1-0.gw.umass.edu (128.119.3.145) 1 ms 1 ms 2 ms 3 cht-vbns.gw.umass.edu (128.119.3.130) 6 ms 5 ms 5 ms 4 jn1-at1-0-0-19.wor.vbns.net (204.147.132.129) 16 ms 11 ms 13 ms 5 jn1-so7-0-0-0.wae.vbns.net (204.147.136.136) 21 ms 18 ms 18 ms 6 abilene-vbns.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.11.9) 22 ms 18 ms 22 ms 7 nycm-wash.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.8.46) 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms trans-oceanic 8 62.40.103.253 (62.40.103.253) 104 ms 109 ms 106 ms link 9 de2-1.de1.de.geant.net (62.40.96.129) 109 ms 102 ms 104 ms 10 de.fr1.fr.geant.net (62.40.96.50) 113 ms 121 ms 114 ms 11 renater-gw.fr1.fr.geant.net (62.40.103.54) 112 ms 114 ms 112 ms 12 nio-n2.cssi.renater.fr nio n2 cssi renater fr (193 (193.51.206.13) 51 206 13) 111 ms 114 ms 116 ms 13 nice.cssi.renater.fr (195.220.98.102) 123 ms 125 ms 124 ms 14 r3t2-nice.cssi.renater.fr (195.220.98.110) 126 ms 126 ms 124 ms 15 eurecom-valbonne.r3t2.ft.net (193.48.50.54) 135 ms 128 ms 133 ms 16 194.214.211.25 (194.214.211.25) 126 ms 128 ms 126 ms 17 * * * * Khng c phn hi (thm d b mt, router khng tr li) 18 * * * 19 fantasia.eurecom.fr (193.55.113.142) 132 ms 128 ms 136 ms
* Do some traceroutes from exotic countries at www.traceroute.org
Gii thiu 1-50

25

S mt gi
Hng i (cn gi l b m) trc ng link trong b m c kh nng hu hn. Gi tin n hng i y th s b b (cn gi l s mt mt) Gi tin b mt c th c truyn li bi nt mng trc , hay bi h thng u cui ngun hoc khng truyn g c

A B

B m (vng ( g ang g i) ) gi tin ang c truyn li

Gi tin n hng i y th s b b
Gii thiu 1-51

* Check out the Java applet for an interactive animation on queuing and loss

Thng lng

Thng lng: tc (bits/time unit) m cc

bit c truyn gia ngi gi v nhn
tc thi: tc ti thi im c cho trung bnh: tc trong thi gian di hn

server, My ch with gi cc file of Fl bits bit (ch t ng) vo to send to client ng ng

link capacity link capacity ng ng c th mang ng ng c th mang bits/sec Rs bits/sec R ch t lng vi tc ch t lng vi tc c Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec
Gii thiu 1-52

26

Thng lng (tt)

Rs < Rc thng lng trung bnh gia 2 u cui l g?

Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec

Rs > Rc thng lng trung bnh gia 2 u cui l g?

Rs bits/sec bit / Rc bits/sec bit /

ng link trn con ng t im cui ny n im cui kia hn ch thng lng t im cui ny n im cui kia
Gii thiu 1-53

ng link nt c chai

Thng lng: Ng cnh Internet

Thng lng im i-cu cui cui cho mi kt ni : min(Rc,Rs,R/10) Trong thc t: Rc hoc Rs thng b tht nt c chai

Rs Rs R Rc Rc Rc Rs

10 kt ni (cng bng) chia s ng trc tht nt c chai R bits/sec

Gii thiu 1-54

27

Chng 1: Ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Mng bin 1.3 Mng li
Cc h thng u cui, mng truy nhp, cc lin kt Chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

1.4 tr, s mt mt, thng lng trong mng 1.5 Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.6 Mng b tn cng: bo mt 1.7 Lch s

Gii thiu 1-55

Tng giao thc

Mng rt phc tp, vi nhiu ming
hosts B nh tuyn (routers) Cc ng link ca phng tin truyn thng kh nhau khc h Cc ng dng Cc giao thc Phn cng, phn mm

C hy vng no t chc cu trc ca mng hay khng? . Hoc l t nht chng ta tho lun v mng

Cu hi:

Gii thiu 1-56

28

T chc du lch hng khng

v (mua) hnh l (kim tra) cng (ti) ng bng ct cnh l trnh bay l trnh bay V (khiu ni) hnh l (ly li) cng (khng ti) ng bng h cnh l trnh bay

Cc bc
Gii thiu 1-57

S phn lp ca chc nng hng khng

ticket (purchase) baggage (check) gates (load) runway (takeoff) airplane routing
Sn bay khi hnh

ticket (complain) baggage (claim gates (unload) runway (land) airplane routing airplane routing airplane routing
Sn bay n

v Hnh l Cng Ct cnh/h cnh L trnh bay

Trung tm iu hnh trung chuyn

C lp: mi lp thc hin mt dch Cc h v

Qua nhng hot ng lp bn trong ca n Da trn cc dch v c cung cp bi lp bn di

Gii thiu 1-58

29

Ti sao phi phn lp?

Nhm x l cc h thng phc tp

Cu trc r rng g cho php p p xc nh q quan h ca cc mnh ca h thng phc tp M-dun ha lm d dng vic bo tr v cp nht h thng
Thay i vic thc hin dch v ca cc lp l g sut vi p phn cn li ca h thng g trong V d: thay i th tc cng s khng nh hng n phn cn li ca h thng Tho lun m hnh tham chiu c phn

Xem xt nhng bt li ca vic phn lp

Gii thiu 1-59

Chng giao thc Internet

application: h tr cc ng
dng mng

transport: chuyn d liu t

tin trnh ny n tin trnh kia (process-process)
TCP, UDP

FTP, SMTP, HTTP

pp application transport network link physical

network: nh tuyn nhng gi

d liu t ngun ti ch

link: chuyn d liu gia cc thnh phn mng ln cn physical: bits trn ng
dy

IP, P cc giao i th hc nh h tuyn

Ethernet, 802.111 (WiFi), PPP

Gii thiu 1-60

30

M hnh tham chiu ISO/OSI

ng dng gii thch ngha ca d liu, u v d m ha, ha nn, nhng quy c chuyn bit session: s ng b ha, kh nng chu li, phc hi s trao i d liu Chng giao thc Internet thiu nhng lp ny!
Nhng dch v ny, nu cn, phi c thc hin trong tng ng dng (application) Cn hay khng?

presentation: cho php cc

application presentation session transport network li k link physical

ng dng 1-61

ngun
message segment frame
Ht M M M M

datagram Hn Ht
Hl Hn Ht

application transport network link physical

ng gi

link physical B Chuyn mch

ch
M Ht Hn Ht Hl Hn Ht M M M

Hn Ht Hl Hn Ht

M M

application transport network link physical

network link physical

Hn Ht

B nh tuyn
Gii thiu 1-62

31

Chng 1: ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Mng bin Cc h thng u cui, mng truy nhp, cc lin kt 1.3 Mng li 1.4 tr, s mt mt, thng lng trong mng 1.5 Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.6 Mng b tn cng: bo mt 1.7 Lch s
Chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

Gii thiu 1-63

An ton mng

Lnh vc an ninh mng

Internet ban u khng c thit kt vi bo mt

Cch m k xu c th tn cng mng my tnh Cch m chng ta c th bo v mng khi cc cuc tn cng Lm th no thit k nhng kin trc c th min dch khi cc cuc tn cng

Tm nhn nh n ban an u u: mt nhm nh m ngi dng ng tin t n tng ln nhau c kt ni n mt mng trong sut Nh thit k giao thc Internet ang phi bt kp An ton c cn nhc trong tt c cc tng

Gii thiu 1-64

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K xu: t phn mm c hi (malware ) vo trong hosts thng qua Internet

Phn mm c hi c th xm nhp vo trong host t:

hoc l thc thi i tng (nh l e-mail attachment)

virus: s truyn nhim t sao chp bng vic nhn worm: s truyn nhim t sao chp bng vic th

ng tip nhp i tng m t n c thc hin

Phn mm gin ip c th ghi li cc phm nhn, cc trang wed vo, ti thng tin n n trang tp hp Host b nhim c th c dng trong mng botnet, s dng cho th rc. Tn cng DDoS
Gii thiu 1-65

k xu: tn cng my ch, h tng mng

Denial of Service (DoS): k tn cng lm cho ti
nguyn (my ch, bng thng) khng sn sng ng g hp php p p bng g cch trit tiu ti cho lu l nguyn bi cc lu lng gi.

1. chn mc tiu

2. t nhp vo cc hosts xung quanh mng (xem botnet) 3 gi cc gi tin n mc 3. tiu t cc host b chim

mc tiu

Gii thiu 1-66

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K xu c th nh hi cc gi tin
"nh hi" gi tin (packet sniffing):
phng tin truyn qung b (broadcast media) (mng chia s ethernet, ethernet mng khng dy) giao din mng hn tp c/ghi tt c cc gi tin (v d password!) i qua A C

src:B dest:A

payload

phn mm wireshark c s dng cho thc hnh chng cui l mt phn mm nh hi gi tin min ph Gii thiu 1-67

K xu c th dng nhng a ch gi mo
gi mo a ch IP (IP spoofing): gi gi tin
vi a ch ngun gi
A
src:B dest:A payload

tm hiu k hn v bo mt (ton chng 8 )

Gii thiu 1-68

34

Chng 1: Ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 Mng bin Cc h thng u cui, mng truy nhp, cc lin kt 1.3 Mng li 1.4 tr, s mt mt, thng lng trong mng 1.5 Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v 1.6 Mng b tn cng: bo mt 1.7 Lch s
Chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

Gii thiu 1-69

Lch s Intenet
1961-1972: nhng nguyn l chuyn mch gi

1961: Kleinrock - l thuyt hng i cho thy hiu qu ca chuyn mch gi 1964: Baran - chuyn mch gi trong mng qun s 1967: ARPAnet c hnh thnh bi Advanced Research Projects Agency 1969: nt ARPAnet u tin hot ng

1972: bn ARPAnet cng cng NCP (Network Control Protocol) first host-host protocol chng trnh email u tin ARPAnet c 15 nt

Gii thiu 1-70

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Lch s Internet
1972-1980: Internetworking, new and proprietary nets

1970: ALOHAnet satellite network ti Hawaii 1974: Cerf and Kahn kin trc kt ni lin mng 1976: Ethernet ti Xerox PARC Cui nhng nm 70: cc kin trc c quyn: DECnet, SNA XNA SNA, Cui nhng nm 70 : chuyn mch vi gi tin c kch thc c nh (tin thn ca ATM) 1979: ARPAnet c 200 nodes

Nguyn N l kt ni li lin mng ca Cerf v Kahn:

Ti gin ha, t tr - khng yu cu thay i ni mng khi cn kt ni vi mng khc. M hnh cung cp dch v vi n lc cao nht Cc b nh tuyn khng lu trng thi iu khin phi tp trung

nh hnh kin trc mng Internet ngy nay

Introduction 1-71

Lch s Internet
1980-1990: new protocols, a proliferation of networks

1983: trin khai TCP/IP 1982: giao thc email SMTP c nh ngha 1983: DNS c nh ngha cho chuyn i t tn min sang a ch IP 1985 giao 1985: i th hc FTP c nh ngha 1988: iu khin tc nghn TCP

Mng quc gia mi: Csnet BITnet Csnet, BITnet, NSFnet, Minitel 100,000 hosts c kt ni n lin mng

Gii thiu 1-72

36

Lch s Internet
u

nhng nm 1990: Cui nhng nm1990 ARPAnet ngng hot ng 2000: 1991: NSF g b cc gii hn nhiu ng dng thu ht v vic s dng thng mi hn: instant messaging, ca NSFnet (ngng hot P2P file sharing ng, 1995) an ninh mng ln hng u nhng nm 1990: Web u hypertext [Bush 1945, c tnh 50 triu host, N l Nelson 1960s] ] hn 100 tri iu ngi dng d HTML, HTTP: Berners-Lee ng trc hot ng 1994: Mosaic, sau thnh tc Gbps
Netscape cui nhng nm 1990: thng mi ha ca web

1990, 2000s: thng mi ha, the Web, cc ng dng mi

Gii thiu 1-73

Lch s Internet
2005-hin ti

~750 triu host

tch cc trin khai truy cp bng thng rng truy cp khng dy tc cao khp mi ni ngy cng tng cao S xut hin ca cc mng x hi trc tuyn: Nh cung cp dch v (Google, Microsoft) to mng n rin ring ca mnh Vt qua Internet, cung cp truy cp "tc thi" tm kim, email.... Thng mi in t, trng i hc, cc doanh nghip chy cc dch v ca h trong cng ngh "m my" (nh l Amazon EC2)
Facebook: sm t 1 t ngi s dng

in thoi thng g minh v my y tnh bng g

Gii thiu 1-74

37

Gii thiu: tm tt

Tng quan Internet Giao thc l g? Mng n bin bin, mng n li, li mng n truy cp so snh chuyn chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh kin trc Internet Hiu xut: s mt mt, tr, thng lng M hnh h h dch h v v s phn h lp An ninh mng Lch s Internet

t c:

bi cnh, tng quan, h u v mng hi hiu su hn, chi tit thc hin!

Gii thiu 1-75

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