derivatives

formula sheet definition of the derivative

aka dif ference quotient, slope of the tangent line

f ( a + h) f (a) = lim h!a h

0

f ( a)

f ( x) f (a) = lim x!a x

0

f ( a) a

dif ferentiability
a function is dif ferentiable at a if f(a) exists a function is dif ferentiable on an open interval (a,b) if it is dif ferentiable at every number in the interval if f is dif ferentiable at a, f is continuous at a

power rule

d n (x ) = nxn dx

derivative of the exponential function

d x ( e ) = ex dx

product rule

d d d [f (x)g (x)] = f (x) [g (x)] + g (x) [f (x)] dx dx dx

quotient rule
d d g ( x ) [ f ( x )] f ( x ) d f ( x) dx dx [g (x)] = dx g (x) [g (x)]2

chain rule

d f (g (x)) = f 0 (g (x)) g 0 (x) dx

derivative of the logarithmic function

d 1 (loga x) = dx x ln a
derivative of the natural logarithmic function

d 1 (ln x) = dx x

derivatives of trig functions

d (sin x) = cos x dx d (cos x) = sin x dx d (tan x) = sec2 x dx

d (csc x) = csc x cot x dx d (sec x) = sec x tan x dx d (cot x) = csc2 x dx

derivatives of inverse trig functions

d (sin dx d (cos dx d (tan dx

x) = p x) =

1 1 p 1 x2 1 x2

d (csc dx d (sec dx d (cot dx

x) =

1 p x x2 1

1 x) = p x x2 x) = 1 1 + x2

1 x) = 1 + x2

derivatives of hyperbolic trig functions

d (sinh x) = cosh x dx d (cosh x) = sinh x dx d (tanh x) = sech2 x dx

d (cschx) = dx

cschxcothx

d (sechx) = dx
d (cothx) = dx

tanh xsechx
csch2 x

derivatives of inverse hyperbolic trig functions

d (sinh dx d (cosh dx d (tanh dx

1 x) = p 1 + x2 x) = p 1 x2 1 1 x2 1

d (csch dx
d (sech dx d (coth dx

x) =
x) =

1 p | x| x2 + 1
1 p x 1 x2 1 1 x2

x) = p

x) = p

definition of the hyperbolic trig functions

sinh x =

ex 2

1 cschx = sinh x 1 sechx = cosh x cosh x cothx = sinh x

ex + e cosh x = 2

sinh x tanh x = cosh x

hyperbolic trig identities

sinh ( x) =
cosh2 x

sinh x

cosh ( x) = cosh x
1 tanh2 x = sech2 x

sinh2 x = 1

sinh (x + y ) = sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y cosh (x + y ) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y