DR.

KEIZA

Paired organs. Found in the retro peritoneum. Weight 135 150gm. Protected by the lower ribs hence sufficiently to palpate in normal.

organ of excretion fluid, electrolytes and acid base balance. Endocrine function - renin BP control, - erythropoietin high Hb - 1,25 dehydrocholecalciferal ( ca2+ metabolism).

Tubular extension of the renal pelvis. 22 30cm long, diameter 5mm. Has longitudinal and circular muscles responsible for peristalsis activity. Has normal constrictions as illustrated below.

Responsible for storage and expulsion of urine. Capacity 300 500ml. Constrictions bladder neck due to due to smooth muscle - internal sphincter.

Glands exact function unknown. Secrete enzyme, fructose in the semen and help in liquefication and nourishment of the sperm. Aprx weight 20_25gm but increase with age.

Male conduction of urine and gametes. Female conduction of urine. External sphincter (skeletal) responsible for continence mechanism.