BI TP V ANKAIEN -TECPEN - ANKIN

Cu 1: S ng phn thuc loi ankaien ng vi cng thc phn t C 5H8 l

A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.

D. 7.

Ankandien => Ch ng phn hnh hc;

C5H8 c k = 2 Ankandien => c 2 lin kt i hay 2 pi Ankandien lin hp v khng lin hp SGK 11 nc 166
ng phn:
CH2 = C = CH CH2 CH3 ; => ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 ; => c p hnh hc ni i th 2=> 2
CH2 = CH CH2 CH =CH2 ; => ko c p hh => 1
CH3 CH=C=CH CH3 ;
=> ko c p hh => 1
CH2 = C =C(CH3)-CH3 => ko c p hh => 1
CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 => ko c p hh => 1
=> Tng c 7 => D

Cu 2: C5H8 c bao nhiu ng phn ankaien lin hp ?

A. 2.
B. 3.

C. 4.

D. 5.

Lin hp => 2 ni i gn nhau .

Cu 1 => CH2 = C = CH CH2 CH3 ; => ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH3 CH=C=CH CH3 ;
=> ko c p hh => 1
CH2 = C =C(CH3)-CH3 => ko c p hh => 1
=> 3 p => B

Cu 3: Trong cc hirocacbon sau: propen, but-1-en, but-2-en, penta-1,4- ien, penta-1,3- ien hirocacbon cho c
hin tng ng phn cis - trans ?
A. propen, but-1-en.
B. penta-1,4-dien, but-1-en.
C. propen, but-2-en.
D. but-2-en, penta-1,3- ien.
But 1 en CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 ko c p hnh hc => Loi A v B
Propen khng c ng phn hnh hc : CH2 = CH CH3 ko c => Loi C => D
But 2n : CH3 CH=CH CH3 ; Penta 1,3 ien : CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 p hnh hc lin kt pi th 2=> D

Cu 4: Cng thc phn t ca buta-1,3-ien (ivinyl) v isopren (2-metylbuta-1,3-ien) ln lt l

A. C4H6 v C5H10.B. C4H4 v C5H8.
C. C4H6 v C5H8.
D. C4H8 v C5H10.
Thy c 2 cht u c ui ien => k = 2 2 lin kt pi => CnH2n 2 => C tha mn
Buta 1,3 ien : CH2 = CH CH = CH2 ; 2 metylbuta 1,3 ien => C4H6
CH2 = C(CH3) CH = CH2 => C5H8

Cu 5: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 9 lin kt xch ma v 2 lin kt ?

A. Buta-1,3-ien. B. Penta-1,3- ien.
C. Stiren.
D. Vinyl axetilen.
Xem li cu 7 phn anken => Cng thc tnh lin kt xch ma ;
2 lin kt pi => CT : CnH2n-2 Xem li phn tm CT 2 cch chuyn 1
Lin kt xch ma = s C + s H 1 = 9 s C + s H = 8 = n + 2n 2 = 10 n = 4 => C4H6 => A
D c 3 lin kt pi :CH2=CH-C=*CH Ch =* l ni 3 Vinyl : CH2=CH

Cu 6: Hp cht no trong s cc cht sau c 7 lin kt xch ma v 3 lin kt ?

A. Buta-1,3-ien. B. Tuloen.
C. Stiren.
D. Vinyl axetilen.
Tng t bi 5: 3 lin kt pi => CT : CnH2n 4 ; => S lin kt xch ma = n + 2n 4 - 1 = 7 n = 4 => D:C4H4

Cu 7: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr -80oC (t l mol 1:1), sn phm chnh ca phn ng l
A. CH3CHBrCH=CH2. B. CH3CH=CHCH2Br. C. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2.D. CH3CH=CBrCH3.
nhit -80 oC => Br C bc cao ; v sn phm cng v tr 1,2 SGK 11nc 167
1(I) 2(III)
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + HBr => CH3-CHBr CH=CH2
=> A
1 2
3
4
Ch cch cng : R C = CR CR = C R => cng vo v tr 1,2 hoc 1 ,4
v cht phi c dng nh zy R c th l H hoc hidrocabon ; halogen
VD: CH3 C=C(CH3) C(C2H5)=C-C3H7 ; CH2=CH CH =CH2 ; .
Mnh hiu l cng vo v tr 1,2 ni i 1 hoc 1,4 ni i 1 v ni i 4 a lin kt i vo trong
1,2,3,4 l v tr C cha lin kt i Ch khng phi nh s th t C

Cu 8: Cho phn ng gia buta-1,3-ien v HBr 40oC (t l mol 1:1), sn phm chnh ca phn ng l
A. CH3CHBrCH=CH2. B. CH3CH=CHCH2Br. C. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2.D. CH3CH=CBrCH3.
nhit 40 oC => Br C bc cao v sn phm ng v tr 1,4 v chuyn ni i vo trongSGK 11nc 167
CH2=CH CH=CH2 + HBr => CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br => B

1 2 3 4
Ch c p cng 1,4 => Cht c dng R C =C C =C R 2 lin kt i cch nhau 1 v tr
Cu 9: 1 mol buta-1,3-ien c th phn ng ti a vi bao nhiu mol brom ?
A. 1 mol.
B. 1,5 mol.
C. 2 mol.
D. 0,5 mol.
Buta 1,3 ien => 2 lin kt pi => ADCT : nBr2 = k.nX => nBr2 = 2nX = 2mol k l tng s pi =>C

Cu 10: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch Br2 theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm ?
A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Isopren : CH2 =C(CH3)-CH=CH2 SGK 11nc 168

V cho l ti a => Br2 cng vo ni i 1 => 1

Br2 cng vo ni i 2 => 1
Br2 cng vo c 2 ni i => 1
Br2 cng vo v tr 1,4 =>1 CH2Br C(CH3)=CH-CH2Br => 4 sn phm
Bi ny mnh ang thc mc => c trng hp phn ng th vi gc CH3 khng nh - khng bo l phn ng cng ch c t l
1 : 1

Cu 11: Isopren tham gia phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l mol 1:1 to ra ti a bao nhiu sn phm cng ?
A. 8.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Phn ng vi dung dch HBr theo t l 1 :1 => sn phm cng => Ch cng 1 HBr
CH2 =C(CH3)-CH=CH2 => 1 ni i => 2 sn phm chnh v ph => 2 ni i c 4 sn phm Cng theo quy tc
macopnhicop SGK 11nc 161
Cng vo v tr 1,2 ging 2 trng hp trn=> khng
Cng vo v tr 1,4 c 2 sn phm ; BrCH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH3 ng phn hnh hc
CH3 C(CH3)=CH-CH2Br => 3
=> Tng = 4 + 3 = 7 =>C

Cu 12: Cht no sau y khng phi l sn phm cng gia dung dch brom v isopren (theo t l mol 1:1) ?
A. CH2BrC(CH3)BrCH=CH2.
B. CH2BrC(CH3)=CHCH2Br.
C. CH2BrCH=CHCH2CH2Br.
D. CH2=C(CH3)CHBrCH2Br.
Iso pren c nhnh => C khng tha mn

Cu 13: Ankaien A + brom (dd) CH3C(CH3)BrCH=CHCH2Br. Vy A l

A. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien.
B. 2-metylpenta-2,4-ien.
C. 4-metylpenta-1,3-ien.
D. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien.
Sn phm CH3 CBr(CH3)CH = CH CH2Br sn phm cng v tr 1,4V ni i gia
5
4
3
2
1
cht A ; CH3 C(CH3)=CH CH=CH2 => 4 metylpenta 1,3 ien
cch gi tn s ch v tr mch nhnh mch chnh s ch v tr ien
Vi cch nh s C gn lin kt i nht ien ch c 2 lin kt i tr ln

Cu 14: Ankaien B + Cl2 CH2ClC(CH3)=CH-CH2Cl-CH3. Vy A l

A. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien.
B. 4-metylpenta-2,4-ien.
C. 2-metylpenta-1,4-ien.
D. 4-metylpenta-2,3-ien.
1
2
3
4 5
Ging 13 cng vo 1,4 => CH3 =C(CH3)-CH=CH-CH3 => 2 metyl penta 1,3 ien => A

Cu 15: Cho 1 Ankaien A + brom(dd) 1,4-ibrom-2-metylbut-2-en. Vy A l

A. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien.
C. 3-metylbuta-1,3-ien.
B. 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien.
D. 3-metylpenta-1,3-ien.

1
2
3
4
1,4 ibrom 2 metylbut 2 en => CH2Br C(CH3)=CH CH2Br cng vo v tr 1,4
1
2
3 4
=> A : CH2 = C(CH3)-C=CH2 => 2 metylbuta 1,3 ien => A

Cu 16: Trng hp ivinyl to ra cao su Buna c cu to l ?

A. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-)n.
B. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n.
C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2-)n.
D. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-)n.
ivinyl hay 2vinyl Vinyl : CH2 =CH- => ivinyl : CH2=CH-CH=CH2
trng hp => (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n => B
Trng hp l tch ht ni i thnh ni n ri ni vo nhau
VD: CH2 = CH2 => tch ni i : -CH2 - CH2 => -CH2 CH2CH2=CH-CH = CH2 ; tch ; CH2=CH => -CH2-CH - .Tch CH = CH2 => - CH CH2 - => ni vi nhau => -CH2 CH = CH
CH2 Cu 17: ng trng hp ivinyl v stiren thu c cao su buna-S c cng thc cu to l ( P SGK 11 nc 195 )

A. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n.
C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2- CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n.

B. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n.
D. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH(C6H5)-CH2-)n .

Stiren SGK 11 nc 194 C6H5-CH=CH2 ; ivinyl : CH2=CH-CH=CH2

P SGK 11 nc 195
P ng trng hp Tch ht cc lin kt i ban u ri ni vi nhau => A

Cu 18: ng trng hp ivinyl v acrylonitrin (vinyl xianua) thu c cao su buna-N c cng thc cu to l
A. (-C2H-CH-CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n.
B. (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH(CN)-CH2-)n.
C. (-CH2-CH-CH=CH2- CH(CN)-CH2-)n.
D. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n .
ivinyl : CH2=CH2-CH=CH2 ;
Vinyl xiannua : CN - CH=CH2 => ng trng hp => (-CH2-CH2=CH-CH2-CH(CN)-CH2-)n => D

Cu 19: Trng hp isopren to ra cao su isopren c cu to l

A. (-C2H-C(CH3)-CH-CH2-)n .
B. (-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n.

C. (-CH2-C(CH3)-CH=CH2-)n .
D. (-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-)n .

SGK 11nc 198 =>B

Isopren : CH2=CH(CH)3-CH=CH2 => (-CH2-CH(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n => B

Cu 20: Tn gi ca nhm hirocacbon khng no c cng thc chung l (C5H8)n (n 2) l

A. ankaien.
B. cao su.
C. anlen.
D. tecpen.

SGK 11 nc 171.

Cu 21: Caroten (licopen) l sc t mu ca c rt v c chua chn, cng thc phn t ca caroten l

A. C15H25.
B. C40H56.
C. C10H16.
D. C30H50.
SGK 11 Nng cao-171

Cu 22: Oximen c trong tinh du l hng qu, limonen c trong tinh du chanh. Chng c cng cng thc phn t l
A. C15H25.
B. C40H56.
C. C10H16.
D. C30H50.
SGK Ha hc 11 Nng cao-171

Cu 23: C4H6 c bao nhiu ng phn mch h ?

A. 5.
B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

(CH2=C=CH-CH3; CH2= CH-CH=CH2; CHC-CH2-CH3 ;

CH3-CC-CH3. CT CxHyOzNtCluNav khng no=(2x-y+t-u-v+2)/2. khng no ca C4H6 l 2.==> TH1:0 vng,2 lk i;
TH2:0 vng,1 lk ba;TH3:1 vng,1 lk i;v l mch h nn ch xy ra TH1 v TH2,sau dch chuyn v tr ca cc ni i, ba
to ra ng phn.)

Cu 24: C bao nhiu ankin ng vi cng thc phn t C5H8 ?

A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4
(CHC-CH2-CH2-CH3; CH3-CC-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH2-CC-CH3)
Cu 25: Ankin C4H6 c bao nhiu ng phn cho phn ng th kim loi (phn ng vi dung dch cha AgNO 3/NH3)
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 3.
(CH3-CH2-CCH .Nguyn t H nh vo C mang lk ba linh ng hn rt nhiu so vi H nh vi C mang lk i, n,nn c th
b thay th
bng nguyn t KL.Nhng ch xy ra cc ankin co lk ba u mch R-CH)

Cu 26: C bao nhiu ng phn ankin C5H8 tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Nh cu 25 => cht c dng R CH (CH3-CH2-CH2-CCH , CH3-CH(CH3)-CCH )

Cu 27: Ankin C6H10 c bao nhiu ng phn phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.

D. 6.

Cu 25: (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CCH ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CCH ;

CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CCH ; CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CCH)

Cu 28: Trong phn t ankin X, hiro chim 11,111% khi lng. C bao nhiu ankin ph hp
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4
(CT ankin CxHy.% C = 100-11,111=88,889%.x:y=88,889/12 : 11,111/1=2:3==> (C2H3)n

Cu 29: Cho ankin X c cng thc cu to sau :

Tn ca X l
A. 4-metylpent-2-in.

=> n =2 hay C4H6 ;

CH3C C CH CH3
CH3

B. 2-metylpent-3-in.

C. 4-metylpent-3-in.

D. 2-metylpent-4-in.

S ch v tr Tn nhnh / tn mch chnh/ - s ch v tr in . Mch chnh l mch c lk i, di nht v c nhiu nhnh

nht.nh s C mch chnh bt u t pha gn lk i hn.S ch v tr lk i ghi ngay trc ui in)

Cu 30: Cho phn ng : C2H2 + H2O

A l cht no di y
A. CH2=CHOH.
B. CH3CHO.
P SGK 11 nc - 177

A
C. CH3COOH. D. C2H5OH.

(p cng H2O ca ankin:H2O cng vo lk ba to ra hp cht trung gian khng bn v chuyn thnh andehit hoc xeton) Quy tc
h bin ca ru c OH gn vi C lin kt i c dng R CH=CH-OH , R- C(OH)=CH2 s b chuyn thnh andehit hoc xeton
.
R-CH=CH-OH => R CH2 CHO ; R- C(OH)=CH2 => R C(O) CH3

Cu 31: Cho s phn ng sau:

CH3-CCH + AgNO3/ NH3 X + NH4NO3
X c cng thc cu to l?
A. CH3-CAgCAg.
B. CH3-CCAg.
C. AgCH2-CCAg.
D. A, B, C u c th ng.
(p th bng ion KL ca ankin:nguyn t H nh vo C mang lk ba b thay th bng nguyn t KL Ag)
Ag ch th vo H lin kt vi C ni 3 u mch

Cu 32: Trong s cc hirocacbon mch h sau: C4H10, C4H6, C4H8, C3H4, nhng hirocacbon no c th to kt ta
vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ?
A. C4H10 ,C4H8.
B. C4H6, C3H4.
C. Ch c C4H6.
D. Ch c C3H4.
(RH c th to kt ta vi dd AgNO3/NH3 l ankin loi C4H10 (ankan) v C4H8 (anken hoc xicloankan) >>> B

Cu 33: Hn hp A gm hiro v cc hirocacbon no, cha no. Cho A vo bnh c niken xc tc, un nng bnh mt
thi gian ta thu c hn hp B. Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. t chy hon ton hn hp A cho s mol CO2 v s mol nc lun bng s mol CO2 v s mol nc khi
t chy hon ton hn hp B.
B. S mol oxi tiu tn t hon ton hn hp A lun bng s mol oxi tiu tn khi t hon ton hn hp B.
C. S mol A - S mol B = S mol H2 tham gia phn ng.
D. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp A bng khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp B.
A ng v bo ton nguyn t C v H trc v sau p . Ta c hn hp A p to thnh hn hp B
=> Tng s H , C trong hn hp A = Tng s H,C trong hn hp B V hn hp A ch c H v C , nh H2 l H , hidrocacbon
no , ko n cng cha H v C

B ng . nu ta gi CT tng qut ca hn hp A l CxHy V thnh phn ch cha C , H => hn hp B cng l CxHy Bo ton
nguyn t trc v sau p => u t chy cng mt lng O2.
>>>>>>>>>>.C ng.

Cu 34: Cht no trong 4 cht di y c th tham gia c 4 phn ng: Phn ng chy trong oxi, phn ng cng
brom, phn ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, to), phn ng th vi dd AgNO3 /NH3
A. etan.
B. etilen.
C. axetilen.
D. xiclopropan.
(mi cht hu c u tham gia p chy trong O2.ankan khng tham gia p cng Br loi A.etilen v xiclopropan khng tham gia
p th vi AgNO3//NH3 loi B,D.ch c axetilen c th tham gia c 4 p :C)

Cu 35: Cu no sau y sai ?

A. Ankin c s ng phn t hn anken tng ng.
B. Ankin tng t anken u c ng phn hnh hc.
C. Hai ankin u dy khng c ng phn.
D. Butin c 2 ng phn v tr nhm chc.
(ankin khng c ng phn hnh hc v k c lk i khng phi lk ba)
Cu 36: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1)

askt

CH4 + Cl 2

1:1

(2) C2H4 + H2

(3) 2 CHCH

(4) 3 CHCH
(5) C2H2 + Ag2O
(6) Propin + H2O
S phn ng l phn ng oxi ho kh l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
(1) CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
(2) C2H4 + H2 C2H6
(3) 2 CHCH CH2=CH-CCH
(4) 3 CHCH C6H6
(5) C2H2 + Ag2O AgCCAg+H2O
(6) Propin + H2O C2H5CHO
Xem p no c s thay i s OXH l p OXH-K => 1 , 2 ,3 , 6 => C : 4
Cch xc nh s oxi ha C trong cht hu c.
(Cc s oxi ha ca cc cht O , H , N , halogen th vn vy)
+ Trong hp cht hu c th tch ring tng nhm Cn ra tnh
VD : CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH3 => CH3 | CH2 | CH | CH3 | CH3 => -3|-2|-1|-3|-3
+ Nu nhm chc khng cha C (halogen , -OH , -O-,NH2) thnh tnh s Oxihoa C gn c nhm chc.
VD: CH3 CH(Br)-CH3 => CH3 | CHBr | CH3 => -3 | 0 | -3
CH3 CH2 CH2OH => CH3 | CH2 | CH2OH => -3 | -2 | -1
CH3 O CH2 CH3 => CH3 O| O CH2 | CH3 => -2 | -1 | -3
+ Nu nhm chc c C th tnh ring.
VD : CH3 CHO => CH3 | CHO => -3 | +1
CH3 COOH => CH3 | COOH => -3 | +3
P 1 thy Cl2 => HCL Cl0 + e => Cl-1 ; C-4 -2e => C-2 CH3CL
P 2 thy H2 => C2H6 => H0 - e => H+1 ; C-2 + e=> C-3
P 3 thy 2CHCH => CH2=CH-CCH : C-1 + e => C-2 ; C-1 - e => C0
P 6 thy propin CH3-CCH => -3 | 0 | -1 => C2H5CHO => CH3 CH2 CHO => -3 | -2 | +1 ;
C0 + 2e => C-2 ; C-1 - 2e => C+1 => 4 p. => C

Cu 37: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: CH4 A B C Cao su buna. Cng thc phn t ca B l
A. C4H6.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C4H4.
D. C4H10.
Caosu buna => (-CH=CH CH=CH-)n => C l C4H6 => Loi A
Thm mt st p
Al2 O3
2C2 H 5OH
CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2 +2H 2O+H 2
450o C
Pd
CH 2 =CH-C=*CH+H 2
CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2
0

t
C4H10 Na,

CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2 +2H2

Ch ny phi linh hot cht khng b la nu cho c 3 p n.

Da vo A => B ; to thnh C2H5OH => A l C2H4 hoc C2H5X X l halogen
=> to thnh C2H4 t CH4 khng c p no
to thnh C4H4 vinylaxetilen => A l C2H2 hoc C4H8
M t 2CH4 => C2H2 + 3H2 P 1500 0C lm lnh nhanh => C4H4 ng => C
C4H10 => A l C4H6 , C4H8 nhng CH4 khng th iu ch c.

Cu 38: C chui phn ng sau:

KOH
B
HCl

D
N + H2 D E (spc)
Xc nh N, B, D, E bit rng D l mt hidrocacbon mch h, D ch c 1 ng phn.
A. N : C2H2 ; B : Pd ; D : C2H4 ; E : CH3CH2Cl.
B. N : C4H6 ; B : Pd ; D : C4H8 ; E : CH2ClCH2CH2CH3.
C. N : C3H4 ; B : Pd ; D : C3H6 ; E : CH3CHClCH3.
D. N : C3H4 ; B : Pd ; D : C3H6 ; E : CHCH2CH2Cl.

 bi => D ch c 1 ng phn => Loi B v D: C4H8 to ra do p E p => CH2=CH-CH2 CH2 ; CH3 CH = CH CH3
ng phn hnh hc)
E l sn phm chnh .=> Loi D v p CH2 = CH CH3 (C3H6) + HCL => spc CH3 CHCL CH3 , sn phm ph l CH2CL
CH2 CH3.
Loi A v E l sn phm chnh nu D l C2H4 s to ra mt sn phm. P C2H4 + HCL => C2H5CL
C ng

Cu 39: Cht no sau y khng iu ch trc tip c axetilen ?

A. Ag2C2.
B. CH4.
C. Al4C3.

D. CaC2.

Ag2C2 + 2HCl C2H2 + 2AgCl

2CH4 C2H2 + 3 H2 k 1500 oC, lm lnh nhanh
CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
Al4C3 +12H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 2CH4 C2H2 + 3 H2 => C

Cu 40: lm sch etilen c ln axetilen ta cho hn hp i qua dd no sau y ?

A. dd brom d.
B. dd KMnO4 d.
C. dd AgNO3 /NH3 d. D. cc cch trn u ng.
(anken,ankin tham gia p cng halogen(Br), p OXH (KMnO4):lm mt mu thuc tm loi A,B,D.Ankin c th t/d vi dd
AgNO3/NH3 d cn an ken th khng :C)

Cu 41: nhn bit cc bnh ring bit ng cc kh khng mu sau y: SO 2, C2H2, NH3 ta c th dng ho cht
no sau y
A. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3.B. Dung dch Ca(OH)2
C. Qu tm m. D. Dung dch NaOH
Cu 42: X l mt hirocacbon kh ( ktc), mch h. Hiro ho hon ton X thu c hirocacbon no Y c khi
lng phn t gp 1,074 ln khi lng phn t X. Cng thc phn t X l
A. C2H2.
B. C3H4.
C. C4H6.
D. C3H6.
p n => A,B,C u l c dng CnH2n-2
Xt A,B,C nu sai th => D ng
PT : CnH2n-2 + 2nH2 => CnH2n+2 Hidro ha l p cng H2 vo lin kt pi + Thu c hidrocabon no
Chn 1 mol CnH2n-2 => to thnh 1 mol CnH2n+2
=> 14n + 2 = 1,074(14n-2) n = 4 => C4H6 => C

Cu 43: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C6H6 mch thng. Bit 1 mol X tc dng vi AgNO3 d trong NH3 to
ra 292 gam kt ta. CTCT ca X c th l
A. CH CCCCH2CH3.
C. CHCCH2CH=C=CH2.
B. CHCCH2CCCH3.
D. CHCCH2CH2CCH.
C6H6 c k = (2.6 -6 +2)/2 = 4 pi => cc p n u tha mn
iu kin to ra kt ta => X c dng RCH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH => RCAg + 2H2O + 2NH3 P SGK 11nc 177
Thc t l th Ag vo H
Ta lun c nRCH = nRCAg
Mo gii nhanh
V M kt ta = MX + 108 1 = MX + 107 TH1 th 1H
M kt ta = MX + 2.108 2 = MX + 214 TH2 Th 2H
Ta c M C6H6 = 78
V M kt ta = 292 => Tha mn TH2 => Th 2H => X c dng HC C RCH
Tng qut l c 2 ni 3 C u v cui => D tha mn :CHCCH2CH2CCH

Cu 44: Mt hirocacbon A mch thng c CTPT C 6H6. Khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c
hp cht hu c B c MB - MA=214 vC. Xc nh CTCT ca A ?
A. CHCCH2CH2CCH.
B. CH3C CCH2CCH.
C. CHCCH(CH3)CCH.
D. CH3CH2CCCCH.
A l mch thng => Loi C
Ta c MB MA = 214 =>TH2 => C 2 ni 3 C u v cui => A

Cu 45: A la hirocacbon mach h, th khi (kt), bit A 1 mol A tac dung c ti a 2 mol Br 2 trong dung dich to
ra hp cht B (trong B brom chim 80 % v khi lng. Vy A co cng thc phn t la
A. C5H8.
B. C2H2.
C. C4H6.
D. C3H4.
1 mol p ti a 2 molBr2 => k =2 => CT A: CnH2n-2 Hoc t p n
PT : CnH2n-2 +2Br2 => CnH2n-2Br2 => %Br = 160.100% / (14n 2 + 160) = 80% n = 3 => C3H4 =>D

Cu 46: 4 gam mt ankin X c th lm mt mu ti a 100 ml dung dch Br 2 2M. CTPT X l

A. C5H8 .
B. C2H2.
C. C3H4.
D. C4H6.
Ankin :CnH2n-2 => k= 2=> 2nX = nBr2 nX = 0,1 mol => MX = 40 = 14n 2 n = 3 => C3H4

Cu 47: X l mt hirocacbon khng no mch h, 1 mol X c th lm mt mu ti a 2 mol brom trong nc. X c

% khi lng H trong phn t l 10%. CTPT X l
A. C2H2.
B. C3H4.
C. C2H4.
D. C4H6.
1 mol p 2mol Br2 =>CT X : CnH2n-2 => %H = (2n-2).100%/(14n-2) = 10% n = 3 =>C3H4

Cu 48: X l hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon mch h (thuc dy ng ng ankin, anken, ankan). Cho 0,3 mol X lm
mt mu va 0,5 mol brom. Pht biu no di y ng
A. X c th gm 2 ankan.
B. X c th gm2 anken.
C. X c th gm1 ankan v 1 anken.
D. X c th gm1 anken v mt ankin.
Gi k1,k2 ln lt l s pi ca cht A v B v x , y ln lt l s mol ca A ,B
x + y = 0,3 ; k1.x + k2.y = 0,5

Xt A. A,B u l ankan => k1,k2 = 0 => Sai v k1.x + k2.y = 0,5

Xt B. Gm 2 anken => k1 = k2 = 1 => Gii h v nghim => loi
Xt C. A l ankan , B l anken => k1 = 0 ; k2 = 1 ; gii h v nghim => loi
Xt D. Anken v ankin => k1 = 1 ; k2 = 2 ; gii h => x , y => tha mn =>D Ngoi ra 2 ankin cng loi

Cu 49: Hn hp X gm 1 ankin th kh v hiro c t khi hi so vi CH 4 l 0,425. Nung nng hn hp X vi xc

tc Ni phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi so vi CH 4 l 0,8. Cho Y i qua bnh ng dung
dch brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln bao nhiu gam ?
A. 8.
B. 16.
C. 0.
D. Khng tnh c.
Cu 50: Hn hp A gm C2H2 v H2 c dA/H2 = 5,8. Dn A (ktc) qua bt Ni nung nng cho n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton ta c hn hp B. Phn trm th tch mi kh trong hn hp A v dB/H 2 l
A. 40% H2; 60% C2H2; 29.
B. 40% H2; 60% C2H2 ; 14,5.
C. 60% H2; 40% C2H2 ; 29.
D. 60% H2; 40% C2H2 ; 14,5.
Xem bi 53 phn anken => Chn 1 mol C2H2 = x => M hn hp A = mA/n hn hp A
5,8.2 = (26 + 2y) / (1+y) y = 1,5 mol ;H% = 100 P hon ton
=> %C2H2 = x / (x+y) = 1 / (1 + 1,5) = 40% => %H2= 60%
PT :
C2H2 +
2H2
=>
C2H6
Ban u 1 mol
1,5mol
P
0,75mol<=
1,5 mol =>
0,75 mol
Sau p
0,25mol
0,75 mol
n sau p = nC2H2 d + nC2H6 to thnh = 0,25 + 0,75 = 1 mol
m trc = msau = mC2H2 + mH2 = 26 + 1,5.2 = 29 g
M sau = 29 => T khi vi H2 = 29/2 = 14,5 =>D

Cu 51: Mt hn hp gm etilen v axetilen c th tch 6,72 lt (ktc). Cho hn hp qua dung dch brom d
phn ng xy ra hon ton, lng brom phn ng l 64 gam. Phn % v th tch etilen v axetilen ln lt l
A. 66% v 34%.
B. 65,66% v 34,34%.
C. 66,67% v 33,33%.
D. Kt qu khc.
Etilen C2H4 ; k = 1 Axetilen C2H2 ; k=2 Gi x , y ln lt l s mol C2H4 ; C2H2
n hn hp = x + y = 0,3 mol ; nBr2 = nC2H4 + 2nC2H2 x + 2y = 0,4
Gii h =>x =0,2 ; y = 0,1 => %VC2H4 = x / (x+y) = 0,2 / 0,3 = 66,67% => %C2H2 = 33,33% =>C

Cu 52: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh CH 4 v C2H2 tc dng vi 10 lt H2 (Ni, to). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 16 lt hn hp kh (cc kh u o cng iu kin nhit p sut). Th tch ca CH 4 v C2H2 trc phn ng
l
A. 2 lt v 8 lt. B. 3 lt v 7 lt.
C. 8 lt v 2 lt. D. 2,5 lt v 7,5 lt.
Gi x , y ln lt l V CH4 v C2H2 => x + y = 10 ;
Ch c C2H2 mi p vi H2
C2H2 +
2H2
=>
C2H6
Ban u y lt
10 lt
P
y
=>
2y
=>
y
Sau p
10 2y
y lt
V sau khi p => x + 10 2y + y = 16 x y = 6
Gii h => x = 8 v y = 2 => C

Cu 53: Cho 28,2 gam hn hp X gm 3 ankin ng ng k tip qua mt lng d H 2 (to, Ni) phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Sau phn ng th tch th tch kh H2 gim 26,88 lt (ktc). CTPT ca 3 ankin l
A. C2H2, C3H4, C4H6.
B. C3H4, C4H6, C5H8.
C. C4H6, C5H8, C6H10.
D. C A, B u ng.
Th tch H2 gim = th tch H2 p = 26,88 lt => nH2 p = 1,2 mol => nhn hp = nH2 / 2 = 0,6 mol
M hn hp = mhn hp / n hn hp 28,2/ 0,6 = 47 = 14 n - 2 C n H2 n -2 ankin
n = 3,5 => Loi C v c 3 cht u c s C > 3,5 ; A, B tha mn nm gia => D

Cu 54: Hn hp X gm propin v mt ankin A c t l mol 1:1. Ly 0,3 mol X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3
d thu c 46,2 gam kt ta. A l
A. But-1-in.
B. But-2-in.
C. Axetilen.
D. Pent-1-in.
n Propin = nA = 0,15 mol T l 1 :1 + nX = 0,3 mol
Xem li bi 43.
C3H4 ; CH3-CCH => CH3-CCAg
=> m kt ta to thnh do p A = 46,2 mCH3-CCAg = 46,2 0,15.147 = 24,15 g
=> M kt ta = 24,15/0,15 = 161 = MX + 107 TH1
=> MX = 54 = 14n 2 Ankin :CnH2n-2 n = 4 => C4H8 => A V tha mn iu kin to kt ta R CH
CHC-CH2-CH3 : but 1 in

Cu 55: Trong bnh kn cha hirocacbon X v hiro. Nung nng bnh n khi phn ng hon ton thu c kh Y
duy nht. cng nhit , p sut trong bnh trc khi nung nng gp 3 ln p sut trong bnh sau khi nung. t chy
mt lng Y thu c 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H2.
B. C2H4.
C. C4H6.
D. C3H4.
nCO2 = 0,2 mol ; nH2O = 0,3 mol => Y cha ankan nH2O > nCO2
n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 0,2 / (0,3 0,2) = 2 => C2H6 Kh Y kh duy nht

Ta c p sut trc = 3 p sut sau + cng nhit + bnh kn Th tch khng i

n hn hp trc = 3 n hn hp sau v n = P.V/T.0,082 M p xy ra hon ton thu c 1 sn phm => cc cht tham
gia p ht
Ch c Ankin : CnH2n- 2 + 2H2
=>
CnH2n+2 mi tha mn iu kin v
xmol =>
2x mol =>
x mol
n trc = nCnH2n-2 + nH2 = 3x ; n sau = x => n trc = 3n sau ,m n = 2
=> C2H2 => A

Cu 56: t chy hon ton mt ankin X th kh thu c H 2O v CO2 c tng khi lng l 23 gam. Nu cho sn
phm chy i qua dung dich Ca(OH)2 d, c 40 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H4.
B. C2H2.
C. C4H6.
D. C5H8.
nCO2 = nCaCO3 kt ta = 0,4 mol => mCO2 = 0,4.44= 17,6 g => nCO2 = 0,4 mol
mH2O = 23 17,6 = 5,4 g => nH2O = 0,3 mol
=> n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) CnH2n-2Oz = 0,4 / (0,4 0,3) = 4 => C4H6

Cu 57: t chy hon ton 5,4 gam mt hirocacbon A ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh 1 ng dd H 2SO4 c, d;
bnh 2 ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4 gam; bnh 2 tng 17,6 gam. A l cht no trong
nhng cht sau ? (A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3)
A. But-1-in.
B. But-2-in.
C. Buta-1,3-ien.
D. B hoc C.
Xem li phn chuyn 1 => cho vo H2SO4 => m tng = mH2O = 5,4 g => nH2O = 0,3 mol
Cho vo Ba(OH)2 => m tng = mCO2 = 17,6 g => nCO2 = 0,4 mol
n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 4 => C4H6
Da vo A khng tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 => Loi A v A c dng CHC-CH2-CH3 c lin kt 3 u mch => c
p ;
B , C khng p B c khng u mch . C c 2 lin kt i
=>D

Cu 58: Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 ly cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho i qua cht xc tc thch hp,
un nng c hn hp Y gm 4 cht. Dn Y qua bnh ng nc brom thy khi lung bnh tng 10,8 gam v thot
ra 4,48 lt kh Z (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt.
B. 22,4 lt.
C. 16,8 lt.
D. 44,8 lt.
Y gm 4 cht => C2H2(d) ; C2H4 ; C2H6 ; H2
m bnh tng = mC2H2 + mC2H4 = 10,8g v C2H2 v C2H4 b Br2 hp th
=> KH thot ra l AnkanC2H6 + H2 c m = M . n hn hp Z = 8.2.0,2 = 3,2 g
BT khi lng => mC2H2 + mH2 = m hn hp Y = 10,8 + 3,2 = 14 g
Ta c nC2H2 = nH2 => 26x + 2x = 14 x = 0,5 = nC2H2 = nH2
VO2 cn t chy hn hp Y = VO2 cn t chy hn hp X Quy i hn hp v CxHy v thnh phn hn hp ch c C ,
H
nO2 = (2 + 2/4).nC2H2 + nH2 /2 = 3nH2 = 1,5 mol => V = 33,6 lt
P : C2H2 + 3/2O2 => 2CO2 + H2O ; 2H2 + O2 => 2H2O

Cu 59: Cho 17,92 lt hn hp X gm 3 hirocacbon kh l ankan, anken v ankin ly theo t l mol 1:1:2 li qua bnh
ng dd AgNO3/NH3 ly d thu c 96 gam kt ta v hn hp kh Y cn li. t chy hon ton hn hp Y thu
c 13,44 lt CO2. Bit th tch o ktc. Khi lng ca X l
A. 19,2 gam.
B. 1,92 gam.
C. 3,84 gam.
D. 38,4 gam.
T l 1 : 1 : 2 => chn x l mol Ankan => x l mol anken ; 2x l mol ankin
x + x + 2x = n hn hp X = 0,8 mol x = 0,2 mol => nAkan = nAnken = 0,2 ; n Ankin = 0,4 mol
CH c Ankin mi p vi AgNO3/NH3
M kt ta = 96/nankin = 240 = MX + 214 TH2 Xem li bi 43 MX = 26 = 14n 2 n = 2 : C2H2
t Y thu c 13,44 lt CO2 => BT nguyn t C CnH2n+2 ankan ; CmH2m anken
n . nAnkan + m. nanken = nCO2 0,2n + 0,2m = 0,6 n + m = 3
Ta lun c m 2 Anken=> n = 1 v m = 2 Duy nht => CH4 v C2H4
hn hp X c 0,2 mol CH4 ; 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,4 mol C2H2
m hn hp = 19,2 g =>A

Cu 60: Mt hn hp gm 2 ankin khi t chy cho ra 13,2 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Tnh khi lng brom c th
cng vo hn hp trn
A. 16 gam.
B. 24 gam.
C. 32 gam.
D. 4 gam.
nAnkin = nCO2 nH2O = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol => nBr2 = 2nAnkin = 0,2 mol => m = 32 g => C

Cu 61: Cho canxi cacbua k thut (ch cha 80% CaC 2 nguyn cht) vo nc d, th thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc).
Khi lng canxi cacbua k thut dng l
A. 9,6 gam.
B. 4,8 gam
C. 4,6 gam.
D. 12 gam
P : SGK 11 nc 178 : CaC2 + 2H2O => C2H2 + Ca(OH)2
nC2H2 = 3,36 / 22,4 = 0,15 mol Kh = nCaC2 => mPT CaC2 = 0,15.64 = 9,6 g
=> m thc t = mPT .100% / 80% = 9,6.100% / 80 = 12 g =>D

Cu 62: C 20 gam mt mu CaC 2 (c ln tp cht tr) tc dng vi nc thu c 7,4 lt kh axetilen (20 oC,
740mmHg). Cho rng phn ng xy ra hon ton. tinh khit ca mu CaC 2 l
A. 64%.
B. 96%.
C. 84%.
D. 48%.
Ta c 1atm = 760 mmHg => 740 mm Hg =0,9736 atm
nC2H2 = P.V/T.0,082 = 0,9736.7,4 / ((20 + 273).0,082) n = 0,3 mol = nCaC2 PT bi 61
mPT CaC2 = 0,3.64 = 19,2 g => tinh khit = mPT / mBan u = 19,2 .100%/ 20 = 96%

Cu 63: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d) th khi lng
brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH 4 c trong X l
A. 40%.
B. 20%.
C. 25%.
D. 50%.
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol CH4 , C2H4 , C2H2
=> 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6 (I)
P vi Br2 d => nC2H4 + 2nC2H2 = nBr2 y + 2z = 0,3mol
(II)
Vi 13,44 lt (ktc) => n hn hp = nCH4 + C2H4 + nC2H2 = 0,6
n C2H2 = nKet tua AgCCAg = 0,15 mol
=> nC2H2 / n hn hp = z / (x + y + z) = 1 /4 x + y 3z = 0 (III) Phi chia tm ra t l v 13,44 lt khng phi ca 8,6 g
Gii h I , II , III => x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1 => %VCH4 = nCH4 / n hn hp = x .100%/ (x + y + z) = 0,2 / 0,4 = 50%

Cu 64: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi

lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2.
B. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2.
D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
Cch 1 : th p n => D tha mn
Cch 2 : Ta c M = m / n = 12,4 / 0,3 = 41,33 = 12x + y => x = 3 => y = 5,33 => loi A v B v c 3 C
=> Th 1 trong 2 p n B v D . Xt B sai => D ng

Cu 65: Trong mt binh kin cha hirocacbon A th khi (kt) va O 2 (d). Bt tia la in t chay ht A a hn
hp v iu kin ban u trong o % th tich cua CO 2 va hi nc ln lt la 30% va 20%. Cng thc phn t cua A
va % th tich ca hirocacbon A trong hn hp la
A. C3H4 va 10%.
B. C3H4 va 90%.
C. C3H8 va 20%.
D. C4H6 va 30%.
Tao c %CO2 = 30% ; %H2O = 20% => Cn li 50% ca O2 v O2 d
T l % theo th tch = t l s mol => chn nCO2 = 3 mol => nH2O = 2 mol => nO2 d = 5 mol
T l nCO2 / nH2O = 3 /2 => chn nCO2 = 3 ; nH2O = 2 => n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 3 => C3H4 V nCO2 > nH2O =>
CnH2n-2
nC3H4 = nCO2 / 2 = 1 mol ; BTNT oxi : 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O = 2.3 + 2 nO2 p = 4 mol
mol hn hp ban u = nC3H4 + nO2 p + nO2 d = 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 mol
=> %VC3H4 A hn hp = nC3H4 / n hn hp = 1 / 10 = 10% => A

Cu 66: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C 2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO 2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc

th tch kh v hi o trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H4.
B. CH4.
C. C2H6.
D. C3H8.
Cch 1 th p n
T l th tch = t l s mol
1 mol hn hp C2H2 v X => 2 mol CO2 + 2molH2O
p n => B,C,D u c dng CnH2n+2 => Xt X l CnH2n+2
Gi x , y ln lt l nC2H2 v CnH2n+2
x+y=1;
2x + ny = nCO2 = 2 BTNT C
2x + y(2n+2) = 2nH2O = 4 BTNT H 2(x+y) + 2ny = 4
Th 1 vo 3 ta c ny = 1 => th vo 2 => x = 0,5 th vo 1 => y = 0,5
C2H6 => C

(1)
(2)
(3)
>>>>>

x = y = 0,5 th vo 2 => n = 2 =>

Cu 67: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X,
tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l
A. 18,60 gam.
B. 18,96 gam.
C. 20,40 gam.
D. 16,80 gam.
Tng t 1 bi lm ri => Propan C3H8 Propen C3H6 Propin C3H4 => u c 3C
=> Gi CT chung : C3Hy Ta c M = 21.2 = 42 = 12.3 + y => y = 6
=> CT : C3H6 +O2 => 3CO2 + 3H2O
0,1mol
0,3mol 0,3mol => m = 0,3.44 + 0,3.18 = 18,6 g => A

Cu 68: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th
cn V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH 4 chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c
qu trnh l 50%)
A. 224,0.
B. 448,0.
C. 286,7.
D. 358,4.
PVC : C2H3Cl ; BT NT C => nCH4 = 2nC2H3Cl = 2. 4 = 8 mol
=> n kh thin nhin = nCH4 . 100% / 80% = 10 mol => V = 224 lt => B

Cu 69: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn
hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z (
ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l
A. 1,20 gam.
B. 1,04 gam.
C. 1,64 gam.
D. 1,32 gam.
Bo ton khi lng => m trc = m sau mC2H2 + mH2 = m bnh tng + mZ V m hn hp ban u = m hn hp Y v m
hn hp Y = m anken, ankin nu c cho vo dd Br2 + m hn hp Z bay ra
0,06.26 + 2. 0,04 = m bnh tng + 32.0,5.0,02 m bnh tng = 1,32 g => D

Cu 70: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h, nng hn khng kh thu c 7,04 gam CO 2.
Sc m gam hirocacbon ny vo nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 2 gam.
B. 4 gam.
C. 10 gam
D. 2,08 gam
nCO2 = 0,16 = x .nCxHy BT NT C
Gi k l s lin kt pi trong hidrocacbon => k .nCxHy = nBr2 nCxHy = 0,16 / k
0,16 = x. 0,16 / k x = k
CT tng qut : CnH2n + 2 2k Ta c n = k => CnH2
Ta c hidrocacbon nng hn khng kh => 12n + 2 > 29 => n > 2,25
Ta c m = (12n+2).0,16/n
V th kh => C2 C4 => s C = 2 4
Ta c n > 2,25 => n = 3 v n = 4
Xt n = 3 => C3H2 Khng th vit c => Loi hoc vi k = 3 => n 4
=> n = 4 => m = (12.4+2).0,16 / 4 = 2 g => A

th vo trn ta c

Cu 71: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon th kh, mch h thu c 7,04 gam CO 2. Sc m gam hirocacbon
ny vo nc brom d n khi phn ng hon ton, thy c 25,6 gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2 gam.
B. 4 gam.
C. 2,08 gam.
D. A hoc C.
Ging bi 71 ch khng c nng hn khng kh
Ta vn c m = (12n+2).0,16/n
Xt n = 2 => m = 2,08 ; xt n = 4 => m = 2 g => D
V C bin thin t 2 => 4 v n = 3 khng c => ch c n =2 v n = 4

Cu 72: Dn V lt ( ktc) hh X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn

Y vo lng d AgNO 3 trong dd NH3 thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam
brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,5 gam H2O. Gi tr ca V bng
A. 11,2.
B. 13,44.
C. 5,60.
D. 8,96.
Y vn cn C2H2 d v Y p vi AgNO3 / NH3 => AgCCAg => nC2H2 d = nAgCCAg = 0,05 mol ;
Kh i ra khi bnh p vi Br2 => C2H4 To thnh => nC2H4 = nBr2 = 0,1 mol
t kh Z => t C2H6Ankan + H2 dNu c => nC2H6 = nCO2 / 2 = 0,05 molBTNT C
nH2O to thnh t C2H6 => 6nC2H6 = 2nH2O BTNT H => nH2O = 0,15 mol
nH2 d = nH2O to thnh nH2O to thnh t C2H6 = 0,25 0,15 = 0,1 nH2 = nH2O BTNT H2
Ta c cht ban u : C2H2 ; H2 => Cht sau p hn hp Y gm 0,05 mol C2H2 d ; 0,1 mol C2H4 ; 0,05 mol C2H6 v 0,1 mol
H2 d
BTNT C => 2nC2H2 = 2nC2H2 d + 2nC2H4 + 2nC2H6 nC2H2 = nC2H2 d + nC2H4 + nC2H6
= 0,05 + 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,2 mol
BTNT H => 2nC2H2 + 2nH2 = 2nC2H2 d + 4nC2H4 + 6nC2H6 + 2nH2 d
2. 0,2 + 2nH2 = 2.0,05 + 4.0,1 + 6.0,05 + 2.0,1 nH2 = 0,3 mol => n hn hp X = nC2H2 + nH2 = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 mol =>
V = 11,2

Cu 73: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br 2
0,5M. Sau khi p hon ton, s mol Br 2 gim i mt na v m bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C3H4 v C4H8.
B. C2H2 v C3H8.
C. C2H2 v C4H8.
D. C2H2 v C4H6.
T p n => hidrocabon => 1 ankin v 1 anken
Mol Br2 gim 1 na => P 1 na ; m bnh tng = m hn hp V c 2 cht u p
Gi x , y l s mol Ankin v anken => n hn hp = x + y = 0,2 mol
nBr2 p = 2x + y = 0,35 1 na x = 0,15 ; y = 0,05 => Th p n : MA . 0,15 + MB .0,05 = 6,7
=> C tha mn c MA = MC2H2 = 26 ; MB = MC4H8 = 56
Gi CT ankin : CnH2n-2 ; CT anken : CmH2m
m hn hp = (14n 2) . 0,15 + 14m.0,05 = 6,7 3n + m = 10 => n < 10/3 => n = 2 v n = 3
Xt n = 2 => m = 4 => C tha mn
Xt n = 3 => m = 1 Khng c CH2 => Loi > C

Cu 74: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dd brom (d). Sau khi phn ng hon ton,
c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO 2 (ktc).
CTPT ca hai hirocacbon l
A. CH4 v C2H4.
B. CH4 v C3H4.
C. CH4 v C3H6.
D. C2H6 v C3H6.
p n => 1 ankan Hoc da vo 1,12 lt kh khng p => V ankan = 1,12 => nCnH2n+2 = 0,05 mol
V cht cn li = 1,68 1,12 = 0,56 mol => n cht = 0,025 = nBr2 4 g Br2 p => Cht l anken :CnH2n
nAnkan = 0,05 ; nAnken = 0,025 ; Gi CT an kan : CnH2n+2 ; anken : CmH2m
t to ra CO2 => BTNT C => n.nCnH2n+2 + m.nCmH2m = nCO2 n.0,05 + m.0,025 = 0,125
2n + m = 5 n < 5/2 => n = 1 v n = 2
Xt n = 1 => m = 3 =>C tha mn
Xt n = 2 => m = 1 Loi v khng c cht CH2 => Loi
=> C

Cu 75: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu c s mol CO 2 bng s mol H2O.
Thnh phn % v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M ln lt l
A. 35% v 65%.
B. 75% v 25%.
C. 20% v 80%.
D. 50% v 50%.
Gi X : CnH2n+2 ; Y : CmH2n-2 ; gi x , y l s mol X v Y
BTNT C => x.n + y.m = nCO2

BTNT H => (2n+2).x + (2n-2)y = 2nH2O (n+1)x + (n-1)y = nH2O

Ta c nCO2 = nH2O x.n + y.m = (n + 1)x + (n-1)y x y = 0 x= y => % mi cht = 50%

Cu 76: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C 3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH 4), thu c
24,0 ml CO2 (cc kh o cng iu kin to, p). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l
A. 25,8.
B. 12,9.
C. 22,2.
D. 11,1.
T l th tch = t l s mol => 20mol hn hp X => 24 mol CO2
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol C3H6 , CH4 => nCO = 2y VCO gp 2 ln VCH4
n hn hp = nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = x + y + 2y = x + 3y = 20
BTNT C => 3nC3H6 + nCH4 + nCO = nCO2 3x + y + 2y = 24 3x+ 3y = 24
Gii h => x = 2 ; y = 6 => m hn hp = 2.42 + 6.16 + 12.28 = 516 g => M hh X = 516/20 = 25,8
T khi vi H2 = 12,9
Nu khng lm c c th m thy A v B gp i nhau ; C v D gp i nhau
B v D kh nng ng cao hn hay cho la khng tnh t khi
Tng kh nng ng.

Cu 77: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankan A v 1 ankin B c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Trn X vi H 2 c hn

hp Y. Khi cho Y qua Pt nung nng th thu c kh Z c t khi i vi CO 2 bng 1 (phn ng cng H2 hon ton).
Bit rng VX = 6,72 lt v VH = 4,48 lt. CTPT v s mol A, B trong hn hp X l (Cc th tch kh o kc)
A. 0,1 mol C2H6 v 0,2 mol C2H2.
B. 0,1 mol C3H8 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
C. 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,1 mol C2H2.
D. 0,2 mol C3H8 v 0,1 mol C3H4.
2

Phn ng cng H2 hon ton ; MZ = 44 = 14n + 2 V to ra ankan : CnH2n+2 v t khi vi CO2 => n = 3
A , B l C3H8 v C3H4 mt khc ta c nH2 = 0,2 mol => nC3H4ankin = 0,1 mol k.X = nH2 vi k l s pi => nC3H8 = 0,2
mol => D

Cu 78: Mt hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H6, CH4. t chy hon ton 11t hn hp X thu c 12,6 gam H2O. Nu cho
11,2 lt hn hp X (ktc) qua dung dch brom d thy c 100 gam brom phn ng. Thnh phn % th tch ca X ln
lt l
A. 50%; 25% ; 25%.
B. 25% ; 25; 50%.
C.16% ; 32; 52%.
D. 33,33%; 33,33; 33,33%.
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol C2H2 ; C3H6;CH4 Sa 1 lt thnh 0,4 mol
n hn hp = x + y + z = 0,4 mol
BTNT H => 2nC2H2 + 6nC3H6 + 4nCH4 = 2nH2O 2x + 6y + 4z = 1,4 mol
Xt mt khc ta c n hn hp = 0,5 mol
V nBr2 p = 2nC2H2 + nC3H6 nBr2 / n hn hp = (2nC2H2 + nC3H6) / (nC2H2 + nC3H6 + nCH4)
Chia tim ra t l gia x, y, z : khng c p dng vo h trn v s mol khc nhau
5/4 = (2x + y) / (x + y + z) 3x -y 5z = 0
Gii h 1 , 2 , 3 => x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1 mol => %V = n / n hn hp => A

Cu 79: Dn 4,032 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm C 2H2, C2H4, CH4 ln lt qua bnh 1 cha dung dc AgNO 3 trong
NH3 ri qua bnh 2 cha dung dch Br 2 d trong CCl4. bnh 1 c 7,2 gam kt ta. Khi lng bnh 2 tng thm 1,68
gam. Th tch (ktc) hn hp A ln lt l:
A. 0,672 lt; 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt.
B. 0,672 lt; 0,672 lt; 2,688 lt.
C. 2,016; 0,896 lt; 1,12 lt.
D. 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt; 0,672 lt.
nC2H2 = nAgC=*CAgXem mt s bi tp trn = 0,03 mol => V C2H2 = 0,672 lt
mC2H4 = m bnh 2 v C2H4 b hp th bi Br2 = 1,68 g => nC2H4 = 0,06 mol => VC2H4 = 1,344 lt
=> V CH4 = V hn hp VC2H2 VC2H4 = 2,016 lt => A

Cu 80: X, Y, Z l 3 hirocacbon th kh trong iu kin thng, khi phn hu mi cht X, Y, Z u to ra C v H 2,

th tch H2 lun gp 3 ln th tch hirocacbon b phn hu v X, Y, Z khng phi l dng phn. CTPT ca 3 cht l
A. C2H6 ,C3H6 C4H6.
B. C2H2 ,C3H4 C4H6.
C. CH4 ,C2H4 C3H4.
D. CH4 ,C2H6 C3H8.
th tch H2 lun gp 3 ln th tch hirocacbon b phn hu t lun
Th tch ca mi hidrocacbon phn hy => u to ra 3 th tch H2
BTNT H => y.VCxHy = 2VH2 y = 6 => ch c A tha mn 3 cht u c 6 H

Cu 81: Hn hp X gm 0,1 mol C2H2; 0,15 mol C2H4 ; 0,2 mol C2H6 v 0,3 mol H2. un nng X vi bt Ni xc tc 1
thi gian c hn hp Y. t chy hon ton hn hp Y c s gam CO 2 v H2O ln lt l
A. 39,6 v 23,4. B. 3,96 v 3,35.
C. 39,6 v 46,8. D. 39,6 v 11,6.
BTNT C ; BTNT H => A C mt bi v n ri
nCO2 = 2nC2H2 + 2nC2H4 + 2nC2H6 ; nH2 = 2nC2H2 + 4nC2H4 + 6nC2H6 + 2nH2ban u

Cu 82: Hn hp ban u gm 1 ankin, 1 anken, 1 ankan v H 2 vi p sut 4 atm. un nng bnh vi Ni xc tc

thc hin phn ng cng sau a bnh v nhit ban u c hn hp Y, p sut hn hp Y l 3 atm. T khi
hn hp X v Y so vi H2 ln lt l 24 v x. Gi tr ca x l
A. 18.
B. 34.
C. 24.
D. 32.
CT tnh s mol ; V trong 1 bnh => th tch khng i , Nhit khng thay i cho a v nhit ban u
P1.V1
nA T1.0,082 P1
=
=
P2.V2
nB
P2
T2.0,082

=>

P1.V1
mA
nA T1.0,082 P1
P1
MB P1
=
=
MA =

=
V BTKL => mA = mB
P2.V2
mB P2
nB
P2
MA P2
T2.0,082
MB

Thay s MA = 24 ; p1 = 4 ; p2 = 3 => MB = 32 =>D

Cu 83: Hn hp A gm H2, C3H8, C3H4. Cho t t 12 lt A qua bt Ni xc tc. Sau phn ng c 6 lt kh duy nht
(cc kh o cng iu kin). T khi hi ca A so vi H2 l
A. 11.
B. 22.
C. 26.
D. 13.
T l th tch = t l s mol => Chn 12 mol A => To ra 6 mol kh duy nht C3H8
Gi x , y , z ln lt l s mol H2 , C3H8 , C3H4
x + y + z = 12 mol
PT p :
C3H4
+
2H2
=> C3H8
z mol
x mol => zmol
=> x = 2z v phn ng va do to ra 1 sn phm duy nht l C3H8
Ngoi ra nC3H8 = y + z = 6 v C3H8 ban u khng p
Gii h => x = 6 ; y = z = 3 C th dng my tnh hoc th t x = 2z vo cc PT cn li ri gii h 2 n
=> m hn hp = 6.2 + 3.44 + 3.40 = 264 => M hn hp = m / n = 264/12 = 22 => T khi vi H2 = 11 =>A

Cu 84: un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol C 3H4 ; 0,2 mol C2H4 ; 0,35 mol H2 vi bt Ni xc tc c hn hp Y.
Dn ton b Y qua bnh ng dung dch KMnO 4 d, thy thot ra 6,72 l hn hp kh Z (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2 l
12. Bnh ng dung dch KMnO4 tng s gam l:
A. 17,2.
B. 9,6.
C. 7,2.
D. 3,1.
BT khi lng => m hn hp X = m hn hp Y = m bnh tng + m hn hp kh thot ra
m hn hp X = m bnh tng + m hn hp kh thot ra
0,1.40 + 0,2.28 + 0,35.2 = m bnh tng + 0,3.12.2 m bnh tng = 3,1 g =>D
Bi ny c ni n mt s bi trn

Cu 85: t chy m gam hn hp C2H6, C3H4, C3H8, C4H10 c 35,2 gam CO2 v 21,6 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,4.
B. 10,8.
C. 12.
D. 56,8.
AD CT : m hn hp hidrocacbon = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O = 12g Xem Chuyn pp gii bi tp ha hu c
V nC = nCO2 ; nH = 2nH2O

Cu 86: t chy 1 hirocacbon A c 22,4 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 27 gam H2O. Th tch O2 (ktc) (l) tham gia phn
ng l:
A. 24,8.
B. 45,3.
C. 39,2.
D. 51,2.
BTNT Oxi => 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O => nO2 => V = 39,2 lt =>C

Cu 87: Mt hn hp X gm 1 ankin v H2 c V = 8,96 lt (kc) v mX = 4,6 gam. Cho hn hp X i qua Ni nung

nng, phn ng hon ton cho ra hn hp kh Y, c t khi
ankin l
A. 0,16 mol; 3,6 gam; C2H2.
C. 0,2 mol; 4 gam; C2H2.

= 2. S mol H2 phn ng; khi lng; CTPT ca

B. 0,3 mol; 4 gam; C3H4.

D. 0,3 mol; 2 gam; C3H4.

Xem cch chng minh phn anken dng bi anken + H2 bi 53 => Phn ny tng t
Pt:
CnH2n-2
+2H2
=>CnH2n+2
Ban u:x mol
ymol
P
x mol
2x mol
xmol
Sau p
y 2x
x mol
=> n sau p = nH2 d + nCnH2n+2 y 2x +x = y x
n trc p = x + y ; m trc = m sau BT khi lng
(x+y).M trc = (y x).M sau
p dng bi ny=> (x+y) = (y x).2 V M sau = 2MY do dY/X = 2 y = 3x
Mt khc x + y = 0,4 mol => x = 0,1 v y = 0,3 Gii h => nH2 = y = 0,3 mol
m ankin + mH2 = 4,6 g 0,1 . (14n 2) + 0,3.2 = 4,6 n = 3 => C3H4 vi n = 0,1 mol=> m =4 g >B

Cu 88: t chy mt hirocacbon M thu c s mol nc bng s mol CO 2 v s mol CO2 nh hn hoc bng 5
ln s mol M. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca M bit rng M cho kt ta vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3.
A. C4H6 v CH3CH2C CH.
B. C4H6 v CH2=C=CHCH3.
C. C3H4 v CH3C CH.
D. C4H6 v CH3C CCH3.

nH2O : nCO2 = 3 / 4 => Chn nH2O = 3 mol => nCO2 = 4 mol

=>
= nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 4 CnH2n-2 v nCO2 > nH2O PP gii ha hu c
=> C4H6 ; Mt khc M to kt ta vi AgNO3/NH3 => A v phi c lin kt 3 u mch

1D
11C
21B
31B
41C
51C
61D
71D
81A

2B
12C
22C
32B
42C
52C
62B
72A
82D

3D
13C
23D
33D
43D
53D
63D
73C
83A

4C
14A
24C
34C
44A
54A
64D
74C
84D

5A
15A
25C
35B
45D
55A
65B
75D
85C

6D
16B
26B
36C
46C
56C
66C
76B
86C

7A
17A
27B
37C
47B
57D
67A
77D
87B

8B
18D
28B
38C
48D
58A
68B
78A
88A

9C
19B
29A
39C
49C
59A
69D
79A

10A
20D
30B
40C
50D
60C
70A
80A