Chapter 14: Proposal Arguments Ethical Essay Peer Review

Exchange essays Questions on back of rubric

Call for action Audience enjoined to make a decision and do something about it Sometimes called should or ought arguments We should do this [action] or We ought to do this [action].

Practical Proposals Propose an action to solve some kind of local or immediate problem ; Are narrow, local, concrete

Change billing procedures for scholarship students

Policy Proposals Writer offers a broad plan of action to solve major social, economic, or political problems affecting the common good Concerned with broad outline and shape of course of action, often on a regional, national or international issue

US electoral college should be abolished

3-part structure 1. Description of problem Convincing readers that a problem exists Can occur in introduction OR in the body of the paper as the first main reason justifying the claim We should do this action because it addresses a serious problem.

3-part structure 2. Proposed solution Thesis = suggestion/proposal for solving problem Show how proposal will solve problem either partially or wholly 2 Approaches: Show how one consequence will lead to another until solution is effected (causal) Show how similar proposals have been successful or failures elsewhere (resemblance)

3-part structure 3. Justification for proposed solution Convincing readers that proposal should be enacted

Claim Types 1. Claim Types Strategy Category = show how proposed action follows a principle valued by audience or belongs to a category valued by audience because doing this action is fill in adjective 2. Consequences = show how proposed action will lead to consequences valued by audience 3. Resemblance = show how proposed action has been done successfully elsewhere or is like another action valued by audience

Page 321-322 Generating Ideas Using the Claim Types Strategy For each proposal, write a because clause illustrating each of the following claim strategies: category, consequence, and resemblance. 1. Congress should not pass gun control laws. Because the 2nd Amendment guarantees right to own guns (category) Because owning a gun allows citizens to protect themselves, their homes, and their loved ones from intruders (consequence) Because laws to ban guns will be as ineffective as laws to ban alcohol during Prohibition (resemblance)

2 strategies for proposal essay development Answer questions for assigned issues: legality of marijuana, contraceptives in high schools, legality of violent video games 2. Stock Issues Strategy Why is the problem a problem? For whom is the problem a problem? How will these people suffer if the problem is not solved (give specific examples)? Who has the power to solve the problem? Why hasnt the problem been solved up to this point? How can the problem be solved (create a proposal)? What are the probable benefits of acting on your proposal? What costs are associated with your proposal? Who will bear those costs?

Ethical Essays due