Comparison of Basic Properties at Room Temperature

3200
Specific Tensile Strength (N/mm 2)

160000 140000
Specific Modulus (N/mm )

2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400

2

120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000

IM7

XAS Fibre

Steel

Al Alloy

Titanium

IM7

XAS Fibre

Steel

Al Alloy

Titanium

Note : Fibre Only

FIGURE 3/1

Effect of Reduction Factors on CFC Specific Strength & Modulus

FIGURE 3/2

Temperature Reduction Factors

FIGURE 3/3

Comparison of Materials
Note! NO REDUCTION FOR EFFECTS OF FATIGUE HAS BEEN MADE TO THE METALLIC TENSION SPECIFIC STRENGTHS
300 Specific strength (N/mm 2) 250 200 150 100 50 0
CFC Steel Al Alloy Titanium

Tension Compression

60000 Specific modulus (N/mm )

2

50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 CFC Steel Al Alloy Titanium

FIGURE 3/4

Idealisation of Compression Panel

FIGURE 3/5

Comparison of Buckling Index

FIGURE 3/6

Stress - Strain Curve

FIGURE 3/7

Stress - Strain Curve - Clad Material

FIGURE 3/8

Stress - Strain Curve - ET / E and ES /E

FIGURE 3/9

Aluminium Alloy - f - ET / E Curves

FIGURE 3/9A

70% & 85% Youngs Modulus Secant Lines

FIGURE 3/10

Exponent n for Ramberg - Osgood

FIGURE 3/11

Non-dimensional stress - strain curves

FIGURE 3/12

Non-dimensional tangent modulus

FIGURE 3/13

Shear Modulus

FIGURE 3/13A

Comparison of Stress - Strain curves

FIGURE 3/14

Grain Flow Direction

FIGURE 3/15

Typical Fatigue Data

FIGURE 3/16

Three basic types of crack and stress intensities

FIGURE 3/17

Crack Intensity at Crack Tip

FIGURE 3/18

Fracture Toughness Orientation Specimens

FIGURE 3/19

Stress corrosion data

on short transverse specimens exposed to industrial environments

FIGURE 3/20

Effect of Grain Direction on Stress - Corrosion Cracking

FIGURE 3/21

Distribution of Structural Material

DISTRIBUTION OF STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BY AIRCRAFT (%)

MATERIAL ALUMINIUM ALLOY STEEL TITANIUM CFC MISCELLANEOUS

Hawk T.Mk.1 T-45 Goshawk

JAGUAR SEA HARRIER (I) HARRIER GR7 (II) TORNADO

EAP

EF2000

86 9 2 0 3

69 22 2 1 6

80 12 2 0 6

66 10 8 0 17

41 11 7 25 16

71 6.4 17.5 0 5.1

58.8 3.9 10.5 19.7 7.1

40 2 12 37 9

Table 3/1

Comparison of Material Basic Properties at Room Temperature

ULTIMATE YOUNGS TENSION 2 2 MODULUS N/mm STRESS N/mm IM7 T300 XAS STEEL ALUMINIUM ALLOY TITANIUM ALLOY S99 7075 TA 10 SPECIFIC GRAVITY SPECIFIC SPECIFIC TENSION 2 2 MODULUS N/mm STRESS N/mm

MATERIAL

5379 3550 3550 1230 500 920

276,000 230,000 235,000 200,000 72,000 113,000

1.77 1.75 1.81 7.833 2.796 4.512

3039 2029 1960 157 179 203

155,932 131,429 129,800 25,530 25,750 25,000

CFC (Fibre Only)

Specific Tension Stress = Ultimate Tension Stress Specific Gravity Specific Modulus = Youngs Modulus Specific Gravity
Table 3/2

Ratio of f 0.2 / f UTS for Metallic Materials

MATERIAL
L72 L73 2014 - T6 7475 - T762 2014 - T651 7010 - T651 A357 - T61 A357 - T61 8090 - T6/T62 6A1- 4V S99

MATERIAL ALLOWABLES f 0.2 f UTS

245 340 350 405 370 430 270 240 300 870 1050 385 415 440 460 430 490 330 305 410 920 1230

0.2

/f

UTS

REMARKS
Al Cu sheet Al Cu sheet Al Cu sheet Al Zn sheet Al Cu Plate >80mm Al Cu Plate >120mm Designated area, Al casting Non-designated area, Al casting Al Li sheet Titanium alloy Steel

0.64 0.82 0.80 0.88 0.86 0.88 0.82 0.79 0.73 0.95 0.85

Table 3/3

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites with Current Alloys at Room Temperature

MATERIAL

N / mm ULTIMATE YOUNGS TENSION MODULUS STRESS 460 69,000

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.80

N / mm SPECIFIC SPECIFIC TENSION MODULUS STRESS 164 24,640

Al. ALLOY PLATE 2014 Si C PARTICULATE REINFORCED 2014 Al.ALLOY 30% VOL. TITANIUM ALLOY 6A1-4V Si C CONTINUOUS FIBRE REINFORCED 6A1-4V Ti 40% VOL.

640

114,000

2.90

221

39,310

920

113,000

4.51

203

25,000

904

195,000

4.05

223

48,150

Table 3/4