3't6

Lasers

30

20

dro

ao o
E]

0.0

0.1

o.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 0.6

B (wbm-2)

0.7

910
Fig.12.25
The splitting of energy levels of Cr3+ ions in nrby as a function of magnetic flux densiry. (a) Plot of eqn (12.52) for the case when the orbital momentum is quenched and the angular momentum is due to spin only. (b) Experimental curves in the direction of the symmetry axis of the

b0
-10

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 0.6

B (wbm-2)

0.7

rubycrystal,d:0.

to the values

Mt:-"

3l I 2',2 2

(12.s3)

Taking further I : 2 (conesponding to pure spin), we find the energy levels shown in Fig. 12.25(a). The energy levels found experimentally are illustrated in Fig. 12.25(b). The dependence on magnetic field may be seen to be well predicted by the simple theory but not the split at zero magnetic field. As far as the maser is concerned, what matters is that its frequency of operation may be changed by varying the magnetic field. In other words, we have a
tuneable maser. The magnetic fields required are reasonable and can be realized in practice.