Red Level

Lesson One Do - Present Tense

Singular Plural

I do You do He does She does It does

We do You do They do

The verb "do" can be used to make a statement:

I do the laundry every weekend.

...but it is usually used to make the present or the past tense negative:

I don't have any money. He didn't go to the store yesterday.

It's also used when making questions:

Do you know what time it is?

Statement: I wear glasses Negative: I don't see well without my glasses. Question: Do I wear glasses? I

Statement: You speak French. Negative: You don't speak Chinese. Question: Do you speak Vietnamese? you

Statement: He works on a computer at work. Negative: He doesn't work outside. Question: Does he like his job? he

Statement: She rides a bike to work. Negative: She doesn't have a car. Question: Does she wear a helmet? Answer: Yes, she does. (notice the answer to the question uses "do." ) she Statement: It looks ripe. (ripe=ready to eat). Negative: It doesn't grow in the winter in Minnesota. Question: Does it grow in in the spring? Yes, it does. a strawberry = it

Statement: We live in Minnesota. we Negative: We don't live in Canada. Question: Do we like Minnesota? Yes, we do.

Statement: You play football. Negative: You don't play tennis. Question: Do you play football all year long? No, we dont. We play in the fall.

Statement: They walk their dogs every day. Negative: They don't take their cats for a walk. Question: Do they walk their dogs on a leash. Yes, they do.

The verb "do" is a very important verb. We use it to make the present tense, the present tense negative, and for asking questions. Examples: I do many things on the weekend. (present tense, "do" is the main verb) He doesn't like to go to the store. (present tense negative, "like" is the main verb) Do you want to see a movie? (present tense question, "want is the main verb) "Do" is often used as a main verb, but only for particular activities, such as housework, cleaning, studying, research, and shopping. Examples: I do the dishes every night. (do = wash) She does her grocery shopping at Cub. (do = go/finish) They do their homework at the library. (do = complete)

The past tense form of "do" is "did." Examples: I did the dishes last night. She did her grocery shopping at Cub.

"Do" is also used for creating emphasis: Example: A: You don't like this very much. B: No. I do like it!

Lesson Two
Do - Making the negative

Singular I do not = I don't You do not = You don't He does not = He doesn't She does not = She doesn't It does not = It doesn't

Plural We do not = We don't You do not = You don't

They do not = They don't

The verb "do" is a helping verb. We use it to make the present tense and the past tense negative. (Click here for a video that shows the difference between the helping verb and the main verb. )

Examples in the present tense:

I don't work on the weekend. (present tense negative) He doesn't like to go to the store. (present tense negative) They don't have any money. (present tense negative) The past tense form of "do" is "did." Did + not = didn't Examples in the past tense: I didn't work last night. She didn't go shopping yesterday. We didn't see that movie yet. .

Be careful: "Do" is also used as a main verb, but only for particular activities, such as housework, cleaning, studying, research, business, and shopping.

Examples:
I don't do the dishes every night. (do = wash) She doesn't do her grocery shopping at Cub. (do = go/finish) They do not do their homework at the library. (do = complete) Their company doesn't do business in Minnesota.

Examples in the past tense:

I didn't do the dishes last night.

She didn't do her grocery shopping at Cub.

Separating the contraction creates emphasis Examples: I do not want to do the dishes! He does not have his license! Please, do not put that hot pan on the counter!

Never put do + not + ____ing He doesn't going to work.( incorrect ) He doesn't go to work. ( correct )

Avoid bad American grammar! She don't go to work on Sunday. It don't matter to me. He don't know.

Click here to practice Lesson One and Lesson Two

Red Level - Exercise for Lessons One and Two

Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb "do." 1. He _____ his homework at the library. 2. ____ you like to play football? 3. Where ____ they live? 4. She _____ not want to eat that. 5. We _____ our laundry at the laundromat. 6. What ____ you do? 7. _____ it take long to get there?

8. _____ he live near the school? 9. I _____ not have any money. 10. The students _____ not have their books today.

Complete these sentences with the helping verb "do" and the main verb to make the negative: Helping verb = do or does Main verb = live, shop, eat, go, see, etc.

1. He _____ _____in that house. (live) 2. Mary and John _____ _____shop at that store any more. (shop) 3. It _____ _____ long to get there on the bus. (take) 4. I _____ _____ any more coffee. (want) 5. You _____ ______ enough time to get to work. (have) 6. She _____ ______ need any milk from the store. (need) 7. We _____ ______ dinner every night at home. (eat) 8. The car _____ _____. (work) 9. Tom _____ ______ the newspaper in the morning. (read) 10. They _____ _____ shopping during the week. (go)

Lesson Three
Do (present tense) and Did (past tense) Present Tense Negative do + not + main verb
Singular
I do not ___ = I don't ___

Plural
We do not ___= We don't ___

You do not ___ = You don't ___

You do not ___ = You don't ___

He does not ___ = He doesn't ___

She does not ___= She doesn't ___

They do not ___ = They don't ___

It does not ___ = It doesn't ___

Past Tense Negative did + not + main verb

Singular
I did not ___ = I didn't ___

Plural
We did not ___ = We didn't ___

You did not ___ = You didn't ___

You did not ___ = You didn't ___

He did not ___ = He didn't ___

She did not ___ = She didn't ___

They did not ___ = They didn't ___

It did not ___ = It didn't ___

The verb "do" is a helping verb. We add it to the simple form of a verb to make questions and negatives in the present tense and the past tense. Examples: I don't work on the weekend. (present tense negative). I didn't work last weekend. (past tense negative) He doesn't like to go to the store. (present tense negative) He didn't like to go to the store when he was younger. (past tense negative). They don't have any money. (present tense negative) They didn't have any money last week. (past tense negative.)

Note: "Do" is also used as a main verb for activities, such as housework, cleaning, studying, research, business, and shopping. Examples: I don't do the dishes every night. I didn't do the dishes last night. She doesn't do her grocery shopping at Cub. She didn't do her grocery shopping yesterday. They do not do their homework at the library. They didn't do their homework last night. Their company doesn't do business in Minnesota. They never did business here.

The past tense form of "do" is "did." Did + not = didn't Examples: I didn't go to work yesterday. She didn't take the bus to work.

Separating the contraction creates emphasis Examples: I did not want to do the dishes last night. I do not want to do them now! He does not have his license! He never did get it! Please, do not put that hot pan on the counter!

Never put did + ____ing He did going to work last night. (incorrect) He went to work last night. ( correct )

Avoid bad American grammar! She don't go to work on Sunday. It don't matter to me. He don't know.

Click here to take a quiz

Learn American English Online.com

ed Level Quiz #1 - "Do" in the present tense Part C. Conjugate the verb "do" in the present tense (5 points) singular plural

art A.

rections: Complete each question with the correct form of the xiliary verb and the main verb in the present tense. (10 points)

_______ she ________her job? (like)

______ they ________ anything for breakfast? (want)

Where _______ you _________ to school? (go)

What ______she ________ for a living? (do)

_______ I __________ a heavy coat today? (need)

When _______ they ________ their homework? (do)

________ it __________ anything to ride the bus? (cost)

What time ______ you __________ dinner? (eat)

_______ the students _____________ the lesson? (understand) Conjugate the verb "go" in the present tense negative (5 points) singular plural

. How _________ this ____________? (work)

art B.

rections: Use only the verb "do" for the auxiliary verb and the ain verb. (10 points)

________she _______ the shopping on the weekend? (question)

They ________ ________ very much work. (negative)

What _______ you _________? (question)

Who __________ the dishes at your house? (question)

She ________ _______ any cleaning during the week. egative)

When _______ we _________ our taxes? (question)

_________ his accountant__________ his taxes? (question)

I _________ __________ drugs. (negative)

She _________ ________ drugs either. (negative)

. Why _________ he _______ that for you? (question - negative)

Lesson Four
Commands
Also known as the Imperative Form, commands are very easy to use. Begin the sentence with a verb and end with an object, a person or a thing. Tell someone to do something:

* Answer the phone, please.

* Drive to the post office.

* Help me find this information.

The subject in each of these sentences is "you," but it doesn't sound correct to use the subject. * You answer the phone, please. * You drive to the post office. * You help me.

Tell someone not to do something: * Don't do that. * Don't hit him. * Don't drive a car without a seat belt. In each sentence, the present tense is used and the subject is "you.

The polite form of a command uses the word please.

* Please give that to me. * Pass the potatoes, please. (Use the word "pass" when you sit at a table with other people and eat food.)

Practice using commands with this quiz.

Learn American English Online.com

ed Level Quiz #5 - Commands

art A.

Part B.

rections: Fill in the blank with the correct word from the list word choices below. Some sentences are negative. (10 ints)

Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word from the lis below. Use the polite form with please. Some of these commands are negative. (10 points)

ell / open / wait / leave / eat / bring / have / go / make / sit

do / close / call / let / help / find / clean / work / see / turn

______________me the newspaper from outside.

1. __________ ____________ your room today. It's a mess.

______________ all of your vegetables!

2. __________ _________ _______ that any more! It hurts. (negative)

______________ the door! (negative) 3. __________ ____________ me! This is hard to do alone.

______________ on the couch.

4. __________ _________ _________ him eat that. (negativ

______________ your muddy shoes outside! (negative) 5. ___________ ___________ on the light.

Please ____________________ to work today. You're sick. (negative)

6. ______________ the door _____________.

Here. _________________ some more coffee.

7. ____________ __________ a doctor about that. You're sic

__________________ my mother I broke her lamp. (negative)

8. ____________ me at that number ____________.

Please ______________ for me here. I'll be right back.

9. ___________ __________ ___________ on that computer (negative)

. ____________________ that recipe again. It tasted rrible! (negative)

10. ___________ ____________ your shoes. We have to go.

Lesson Five
Questions with "do"

Do I teach English?
(Answer: Yes, you do.)

Do you speak English?

(Answer: Yes, I do.)

Where do you go to school?

(Answer: I go to school at the university.)

Does he like strawberries?

(Yes, he does.)

Does she like ice cream?

(Yes, she does.)

What flavor does she like?

(She likes chocolate.)

Does the cat have food?

(No, it doesn't. It needs some food.)

Do we go to school everyday?
(Yes, we do.)

What do we do in class?
(We learn English)

Do you go to school everyday?

(Yes, we do.)

What do you study?

(We study English.)

Do they like ice cream?

(Yes, they do.)

Where do they go when it's hot outside?

(They go to the beach.)

Present Tense Questions with the verb "do" are made two ways:

1. Yes-No Questions:
Q: Do you want some water? A: No, I don't. In this first example, "do" is the helping verb, and "want" is the main verb.

Q: Does he want to see that movie? A: Yes, he does. The verb "do" is often an answer to a yes-no question.

2. Questions for information:

Q: Where does he live? A: He lives in Minnesota. Incorrect: He does live in Minnesota. Q: What do you do for a living? (What is your job?) A: I'm a cook. In this example, "do" + "do" make a question. The answer does not require the verb "do." I am a cook. -- uses the verb "be."

Practice: These sentences and questions are all in the present tense. Use the correct helping verb. The main verb is in parentheses. ( ______) Example: ___________ she ____________ here? (work). The helping verb is "Does" and the main verb is "work." Does she work here?

1. Question: __________ he ______________ his job? (like) 1. Answer: Yes, he _____________. 2. Question: _________ you ____________ any money? (have) 2. Answer: No, I _____________. 3. Question: Where _______ they ________? (live) 3. Answer: They __________ across the street. 4. Question: What _______ you ________? (do) 4. Answer: I __________ at a restaurant. (work) 5. Question: ________ she __________? (drive) 5. Answer: Yes, she ___________.

Answers: 1. Question: Does he like his job? Answer: Yes, he does. 2. Question: Do you have any money? Answer: No, I don't. 3. Question: Where do they live? Answer: They live across the street. 4. Question: What do you do? Answer: I work at a restaurant. 5. Question: Does she drive? Answer: Yes, she does.

Lesson Six Object Pronouns

Subject Pronoun

Object Pronoun

Noun

Me
for oneself

You

You

One person I talk to

He

Him

a boy or a man

She

Her

a girl or a woman

It

It

an animal, an idea, a place, a situation, a thing, time, weather, an emotion

one banana = it

We

Us

I + you = we me + you = us

You

You

They

Them
people = they / them

things = they / them

Here's a quiz for you. Click here.

Red Level Quiz #6 - Object Pronouns Part A. Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct object pronoun. The words in parentheses will help you choose the correct word. (20 points) Part B. Directions: Write the subject and object pronouns in the singular and plural forms. (10 points) singular 1. I see ___________ every day. (a man) 2. Please give __________ the information. (a woman) 3. He calls ____________ on the weekends. (his parents) 4. Throw ________ to me. (a ball) 5. She kissed _________. ( I ) 6. I'm in love with ____________. (a woman) 7. We told __________ not to go to that restaurant. (two people) 8. The boss hired _________ last year. (you) 9. The teacher asked ___________ to clean the desks. (a boy) 10. Do you know how __________ works? (a computer) 11. He really likes ___________. (his job) 12. My accountant called _________ yesterday. ( I ) 13. The teacher helped ________ after school. (a girl and a boy) 14. Don't eat ___________! (some rotten grapes) 15. I asked all of ____________ to finish this assignment. (you) 16. She gave __________ too much work to do. (you and I) 17. Do you understand _____________? (a male teacher) 18. Do you know ___________? (a woman) 19. We need to finish _________ next week. (an assignment) 20. Help _________! (you and I) 6. her 7. them 8. you 9. him 10. it 11. it 12. me 13. them 14. them 15. you 16. us 17. him 18. her 19. it 20. us Answers to Part A: 1. him 2. her 3. them 4. it 5. me subject object plural subject object

Lesson Seven
Special uses for "do"
The verb "do" is a little confusing. Not only is it a helping verb, it's a main verb as well. For example, to ask someone about his or her job, say "What do you do?" The second verb in that question is the main verb, do. Examples: Q: What do you do" A: I'm a cashier.

It's interesting to note that the answer does not require the verb do. In this case the answer uses the verb be Q: What do you do at work? Q: What do you do everyday: A: I help customers. A: I go to schoool.

What did they do? They got married. They do married. No!

What is he doing? He's smoking. He's doing smoking. No!

But sometimes "do" is used as the main verb. In fact, "do" is a very popular main verb for some activities. It can be used for exercising, studying, cleaning, working, and other general behaviors.

What is he doing? He's doing some exercises. What does he do every day? He exercises. / He does exercises. or.... He does a lot of exercising. How does she stay healthy? She does a lot of bicycling. What does she do every day? She rides her bike. or.... She does a lot of biking.

What is she doing? She's cleaning the bathroom. or.... She's doing some cleaning. She does a lot of cleaning at home on the weekend. What is he doing? He's vacuuming. or.... He's doing some vacumming. What is she doing? She's working on her laptop. or... She's doing some

work on her laptop. (laptop=computer) What are they doing? They're washing the dishes. or... They're doing the dishes.

Lesson Eight
Many / Much
Many is used with count nouns:

Q: How many apples are there? There are many apples in this picture.

Q: How many chairs are there? A: There are two chairs.

Q: How many bees are there? A: Hundreds. Maybe thousands!

Q: How many apples are there in this picture? A: There is only one apple.

Q: How many men are in this picture? A: There aren't any. There is only one woman.

Much is used with noncout nouns:

Q: How much fruit is there? A: There's a lot of fruit.

Q: How much water is in the glass? A: It's almost full. There's a lot of water in the glass.

Q: How much traffic is there this morning? A: There's a lot of traffic. The cars aren't moving very fast.

Q: How much fishing does he do? A: He does a lot of fishing on the weekend.

Q: How much beer is there in his glass? A: There isn't any. It's all gone.

Count Nouns Singular or Plural

Noncount Nouns (Don't use in plural form)

car apple machine fact chair dollar minute (Only use an article with these: a or the)

cars apples machines facts chairs dollars minutes (These plural count nouns use "many")

traffic fruit machinery information furniture money time (These use "much")

It's important to understand the difference between noncount and count nouns when using many and much. Noncount nouns are often used to describe large categories while count nouns are usually more specific. Examples: There is a car in the street. (singular count noun) How many cars are in the street? There are a few cars in the street (plural count noun) How much traffic is there? There is a lot of traffic. (noncount noun) Noncount nouns always use a singular verb. Count nouns are singular or plural. Much and Many are usually used with the negative: Examples: There aren't many students in the classroom. (perhaps 4 or 5 students) There isn't much food in the refrigerator. ( a small amount of food) Any + not, never, or without expresses zero: Examples: There aren't any students in the classroom (zero) There isn't any food in the refrigerator. It's empty. He went outside without any shoes. (There are no shoes on his feet.) They never want to eat any vegetables or drink any milk. Much and Many are usually not used in the affirmative: Examples: "There are many apples in the basket." It sounds better to say, "There are a lot of

apples in the basket." "There is much milk in the refrigerator." It sounds better to say, "There is a lot of milk in the refrigerator."

Practice using many / much Many / Much / Any Exercise 1: Asking Questions with much, many, or any 1. How ______ apples are there on the table? 2. How ______ water is in the glass? 3. Do you know how ______ people are going to be at the party? 4. How _______ students came to class yesterday? 5. How _______ traffic was there on the highway? 6. Does he know how ______ money he needs to go to college? 7. Are there _______ cutomers in the store? 8. How ________ rice did you make? 9. Do you know how _______ it costs to take the bus? 10. Is there _______ room on the bus for me to sit down?

here

Exercise 2: Negative + much, many, or any. 1. There aren't ______ students in class today. (small amount) 2. There isn't _______ water in this glass. (small amount) 3. There aren't ______ apples in the basket. (zero) 4. She doesn't have very _______ friends. 5. My gas tank is empty. I don't have ______ gas. 6. Those homeless people don't have _______ money. They're very poor. 7. I didn't know ______ people at the party . I talked to just a few of my friends. 8. There isn't _______ snow this January in Minnesota. There are only a few inches. 9. The computer never makes ______ mistakes, but people who use computers frequently do. 10. There wasn't ________ business today at the restaurant, so I left early.

Lesson 9 A Few / Little

Few is used with count nouns:
a few = 3-4 few = a small amount

Q: How many cars are there? A: There are just a few. (a few = 3 or 4)

There are a few bananas on the table.

(a few = 3 or 4)

She's sad because she has very few friends.

(This means she doesn't have many new ideas. Notice there is no article. "A few" means something different.

Few people were at the meeting. She expected 20, but only three came.
(In this example and the one above, the situation is not good.)

Little is used with non count nouns

a little / little = a small amount

He dropped a little paint on his wife's head.

You can also use... a little bit of

He dropped a little bit of paint on his wife's head.

There's a little snow on the road and on the ground.

He got very little sleep last night.

(Notice that "sleep" is a noun in this sentence. "A little sleep" is a small amount of sleep, and "little sleep" is not very much sleep or no sleep.)

Q: Did she find what she was looking for in the newspaper? A: No. There was very little information.

Lesson 10 A lot / Some / Any

There is a lot of traffic on one side of the street. A lot of traffic = many cars

There isn't a lot of traffic on the other side. There are some cars but not very many. some = a relatively small amount but "some" is not easy to quantify or equate to a particular number.

There isn't any traffic in the street. There aren't any cars.

A lot, some, and any are used with indefinite amounts: Example: Q: How many students are there in the classroom: A: There are a lot. (This is a large number). Or.... A: There are some students. (This is a small number but the number is not known.) Or.... A: There aren't any students. (This is zero or a very, very small number and the number is not known.)

To practice using many, much, a lot (of), little, a little, a few, few, any, and some

Lesson 11 The Future Tense - Will ____

Singular I will ____ You will ____ He will ____ She will ____ It will ____ They will ____ Plural We will ____ You will ____

contractions + main verb:

Singular I'll ____ You'll ____ He'll ____ She'll ____ It'll ____ They'll ____ Plural We'll ____ You'll ____

examples:

I'll go to class tomorrow and teach English.

You'll go to class tomorrow and learn English.

He'll go to a movie in the afternoon, and he'll eat a lot of popcorn.

She'll come to class.

It will probably snow this week.

We'll both be in school tomorrow.

You'll be there, too!

They'll play in the snow after school is over.

Another way to make the future tense is by using "(be) going to." I will see my friends on the weekend. I am going to see my friends on the weekend. The meaning is the same in both sentences, but the "going to" future is often preferred because it sounds a little more relaxed and conversational. Practice the "going to" future in the next lesson.

Lesson 12 The Future Tense - (be) going to ____ The simple form of the verb comes after "to"
Singular I am going to ____ You are going to ____ He is going to ____ She is going to ____ It is going to ____ They are going to ____ Plural We are going to ____ You are going to ____

contractions + main verb:

Singular I'm going to ____ Plural We're going to ____

You're going to ____ He's going to ____ She's going to ____ It's going to ____

You're going to ____ They're going to ____

Remember: The simple form of the verb comes after "to." examples:

I'm going to go to class tomorrow and teach English.

You're going to go to class tomorrow and learn English.

He's going to go to a movie in the afternoon, and he's going to eat a lot of popcorn.

She's going to come to class.

It's probably goinng to snow this week.

We're both going to be in school tomorrow.

You're goinng to be there, too!

They're going to play in the snow after school is over.

Lesson 13 Like
The word "like" gets special attention in this level because it's so often used and understanding it will improve your English quickly. 1. "Like" expresses your happiness with something or someone: I like this ice cream. / I like my neighbors.

2. "Like" is used to make comparisons and to ask questions about people and things:

Question: What is it like to live in Minnesota in January? Answer: It's like living in Siberia. Question: Why is he like that? Answer: I don't know. He's just naturally a mean person.

3. "Like" is often used with "would" as a polite way of asking what a person wants:

Question: What would you like to have for lunch? Answer: I'd like a veggie sub, french fries, and a coke. (note the use of the contraction: I'd like = I would like.)

4. "Like" sometimes doesn't mean anything at all. Americans use it in the same way they use "you know" and "uuhhhh...." Try to avoid doing this when you speak English. It's a bad habit. Teenagers use this "like" a lot. That movie was, like, so good. I was, like, really mad at my teacher because he gave me a bad grade. Warning: Do not say "I like." The verb should have an object somewhere after it, except in example 4.

Question: Do you like this car? Answer: Yes, I like. (incorrect!) Answer: Yes, I like it. (correct!) Or...I like this car.

Lesson 14 Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns.

This is an old radio.

This is a hungry cat.

The banana is yellow.

His glass is empty.

SheShe's Japanese.

These adjectives are used to describe emotions and feelings: Click here and then come back
In English, adjectives usually go before a noun, but they sometimes appear after a noun if using the verb "be" as in the examples above. The banana is yellow. This is a yellow banana. This is a banana yellow. English adjectives also don't take a plural form. They're always singluar. That's easy! The only time an adjective changes is in the comparative and superlative forms which we will study in later lessons.

Lesson 15

Conjunctions
Conjunctions are useful in putting nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and clauses together when making sentences. There are seven coordinating conjuctions: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so.

examples

I like to eat cheese and crackers. Use "and" when putting two or more things or people together in a group.

cheese and crackers.

Hockey is a fun sport, but sometimes you can fall and hurt yourself. "But" is a word that shows contrast or differences. Hockey is fun, but it is also a little dangerous. Fun but dangerous

fun but dangersous

Would you like to eat a hotdog or a hamburger? a hotdog or a hamburger "Or" provides you with a choice or a decision.

He eats neither hotdogs nor hamburgers. He prefers vegetables. "Nor" is the negative form of "or." It's often used with "neither" before it. a hotdog nor a hammburger

He went to prison, for he had killed someone. "For" is very similar to "because" and "since." This is a difficult conjunction to use. It sounds very formal.

in prison for having killed

It's cold outside, yet these boys don't want to go inside because they are having so much fun. "Yet" is similar to "but." In this usage it's not the same as the "yet" which is used to express time.

It's cold yet fun to be outside.

She saw a spider, so she became afraid. "So" is similar to "because" and "for" but you can't use the word in the same position. The same sentence above could be written: She became afraid because she saw a spider. saw a spider became afraid

Lesson 16 Expressions of Time

Past Present Future

yesterday last week an hour ago recently a long time ago

today this week now as we speak these days

tomorrow next week in an hour soon way off in the future

Time expressions usually go at the end or at the beginning of a sentence:

Yesterday I went to school. I went to school yesterday. This week I'm going to New York. I'm going to New York this week.

Other popular time expressions:

In the morning
When I wake up in the morning, I like to drink coffee. What do you drink in the morning?

during the day

During the day, they go to school . What do you do during the day?

at night
The stars and the moon come out at night. Most people sleep at night, but cats usually stay out late.

in the afternoon
In the afternoon, I come home from school and do my homework.

Using time expressions with the correct verb tense will improve your English:
- Last week I went to the movies. (past tense. ) - This week I'm working early in the morning. (present continous tense to describe the entire week) - Next week I'm going to take a trip to California. (the "going to" future)

Lesson 17 Infinitives
Infinitives look like verbs, but they actually function as a noun. Consider the following sentences:

I like pizza. ("pizza" is a noun) I like to eat. ("to eat" is an infinitive) I like to eat pizza. ("pizza" is the object of the infinitive)

Infinitives can be made with just about any verb: to do, to be, to go, to make, to take, to see, to get--as long as you use the simple form of the verb. Infinitives can't be used with past tense or continuous forms:

to went, to going

Verbs such as need and want often use the infinitive:

Q: What do you want to do today? A: I want to go to the park. Q: Is there something you need to get at the store? A: Yes, I need to get some milk.

I like to listen to the radio. (Infinitives are often used after the verb "like.")

He likes to eat popcorn when he goes to see a movie.

To play in the snow is one of

life's greatest pleasures. (The infinitive appears at the beginning of the sentences. This sounds very formal.)

He went downstairs to get some coffee. (The infinitive is often used to explain why someone does something.)

He plays the guitar in order to relax. ("in order" is similar to "because" and it introduces

an explanation.)

Here's an exercise for you to try. Click here.

Directions: Write a sentence for each question. Notice that the infinitive follows an adjective in each response. Example: Question: What is a fun thing to do? Answer: It's fun to go to the beach.

1. What is something that's important to do?

2. What is something that's necessary to do?

3. What is something that's easy to do?

4. What is something that's dangerous to do?

5. What is something that's hard to do?

6. What is something that's interesting to do?

7. What is something that's exciting to do?

8. What is something that's scary to do?

9. What is something that's foolish to do?

10. What is something that's frustrating to do?

Lesson 18 Gerunds
Gerunds, like infinitives, look like verbs, but they actually function as nouns. Consider the following sentences:

I like going to the beach. ("like" is the verb; "going" is the gerund.) Playing volleyball at the beach is fun. ("Playing" is the gerund and functions as the subject.) I like eating cold pizza. ("like" is the verb; "eating" is the gerund.)

Gerunds are often confused with verbs. Because gerunds take an "ing" ending, some students mistake them for verbs in the continuous form. If you don't see the verb "be" in front of a word with an "ing" ending, it's probably a gerund. For example, which sentence has a gerund?: 1. He thinks that learning English is important for his career.
2.

This morning, they're meeting their friends at the airport.

If you said the first sentence, you're correct! The second sentence is in the present continuous tense.

examples
I like listening to the radio. (Gerunds are often used after the verb "like.")

He likes eating popcorn when he goes to see a movie.

Playing in the snow is one of

life's greatest pleasures. (Gerunds commonly appear at the beginning of a sentence. They are easier to use than infinitives in this position.)

Drinking coffee in the

morning is one of my favorite things to do.

He finds playing the guitar to be relaxing.

Lesson 19 Posessive Pronouns (practice)

Subject I Object me Possessive Pronoun mine

The shirt that I'm wearing is mine (My shirt is red.)

Subject you

Object you

Possessive Pronoun yours

Yours is blue. Possessive Pronoun his

Subject he

Object him

He's not wearing his. Possessive Pronoun hers

Subject she

Object her

Hers is blue. Possessive Pronoun its

Subject it

Object it

The strawberry is red. Its skin is red. Possessive Pronoun ours

Subject we

Object us

This is our website. This website is ours.

Subject you

Object you

Possessive Pronoun yours

Those uniforms of yours look great.

Subject they

Object them

Possessive Pronoun theirs

My dog is brown. Theirs are gold.

Lesson 20 Reflexive Pronouns

Subject
I you he she it we you they

Reflexive Pronoun
myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

Reflexive Pronouns refer back to the subject:

I taught myself how to build this

website.

Do you listen to yourself when you speak English?

The boy hurt himself while playing hockey. He hurt himself.

She made herself dizzy by

spinning around.

A computer can turn itself

off to save on energy. It turns itself off.

We can learn for ourselves how

to do many things.

You decide for yourselves to

study English. No one tells you what to do.

They decide for themselves

where to sit in class. The teacher doesn't tell them where to sit.

Click here for a quiz.

Red Level Quiz #7 - Reflexive Pronouns Part A. Part B.

Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct reflexive Directions: Write the reflexive pronouns in the singular pronoun. The subject in each sentence will help you and plural forms. (10 points) make the correct decision. If you don't know what to do, review Lesson 20 in the Red Level. (20 points) singular plural

1. She hurt _____________ when she fell off of the swing. 2. Try not to blame _____________ for that mistake. 3. I cut ___________ almost every morning when I shave. 4. Did you all enjoy _______________at the party? 5. They are not old enough to dress ________________. 6. He taught ______________ how to play the guitar. 7. I told _____________ that I would get that job, and I did! 8. We entertained ________________ with video games. 9. You're going to hurt _____________ with that knife. 10. My mother burned _____________ while she was cooking. 11. The cat hurt ____________ when it jumped off the fence. 12. Some girls spend ours looking at _______________ in front of a mirror. 13. The soldier shot _______________ so he could leave Iraq. 14. We need to protect _______________ so I bought a gun. 15. The boy killed _______________ with drugs and alcohol. 16. The car is so hi-tech it can drive _______________. 17. Kids, don't hurt ________________ on the

Answers to Part A: 1. herself 2. yourself 3. myself 4. yourselves 5. themselves 6. himself 7.myself 8. ourselves 9. yourself 10. herself 11. itself 12. themselves 13. himself 14. ourselves 15. himself 16. itself 17. yourselves 18. myself 19. yourselves 20.yourself Answers to Part B: Refer back to the website, Red Level, Lesson 20.

playground. 18. I did the work all by _________________. 19. Give _________________ a round of applause. You all did a good job! 20. Help _________ to some more food.

QUIEZZ

ed Level Quiz #2 - "Do" in the past tense

art A.

Part C. Conjugate the verb "do" in the past tense (5 points) singular plural

rections: Complete each question with the correct form of the xiliary verb and the main verb in the past tense. (10 points)

_______ they ________their work yet? (finish)

______ you________ anything for lunch? (eat)

When _______ you _________ this morning? (wake up)

What ________the students________ in class yesterday? (do)

Where _______ I __________ my keys? (put)

_________ the teacher_________ you a quiz today? (give)

How ________ it __________ to lose all that money? (feel)

________ Maria _________ to work last week? (come)

What time ________ the movie_____________ ? (start) Conjugate the verb "study" in the past tense negative (5 points) singular plural

. Is this what you __________ in class this morning? (do)

art B.

rections: Make each sentence negative in the past tense. (10 ints)

She _________ _________ the laundry last weekend. (do)

I _________ __________ that book very much. (like)

My car __________ __________ this morning. (start)

John ________ __________ the answer to the question. (know)

The party __________ _________ past midnight. (last)

Her boss __________ _________ her enough time. (give)

We found out that she _________ _________ her taxes. (pay)

Jose and I _________ _________ all that food on the table. (see)

His children _________ ________ their homework. (do)

. They never _____________ how to ride a bike. (learn)

ed Level Quiz #3 - Short Answers Part B. Directions: Answer each question with a short answer in the present tense negative. Use the verb "be"(10 points) 1. Is there a good movie showing today? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 2. Is she in the backyard? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 3. Are the apples any good? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 4. Is it snowing outside? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 5. Are those shoes expensive? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 6. Are there any boats on the lake today? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 7. Is the oven on? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 8. Are you studying Spanish? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 9. Am I supposed to work this weekend? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 10. Is he on the phone? Answer: _______, __________ __________.

art A.

rections: Answer each question with a short answer in the esent tense affirmative. Use the verb "be"(10 points)

Are you going to work today?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Is there a grocery store in this neighborhood?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Am I working today?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Is the stove on?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Are there any students in the classroom?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Is she at home right now?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Is it raining outside?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Is he doing his homework?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Are the people in that city happy about the new skyscraper?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

. Is there any time left in the day to play some soccer?

nswer: _______, _________ __________.

Level Quiz #4 - Short Answers for "do" past and present tense Part B. Directions: Answer each question with a short answer in the present or past tense negative. Use the verb "do"(10 points) 1. Did the police officer give you a ticket? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 2. Does she like working for that company? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 3. Did you buy any milk at the store? (you=singular) Answer: _______, __________ __________. 4. Do those shoes fit you okay? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 5. Did it rain last night? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 6. Did you finish your homework? (you=plural) Answer: _______, __________ __________. 7. Does she like to cook? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 8. Did he study French in high school? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 9. Did your friends enjoy the movie? Answer: _______, __________ __________. 10. Does that store sell enjera? Answer: _______, __________ __________.

t A.

ctions: Answer each question with a short answer in the ent or past tense affirmative. Use the verb "do"(10 points)

o you like pizza?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

o the students like to learn about history?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

oes your sister work today?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

id you just hear the phone ring?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

o I need a coat today?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

id you wear a coat this morning?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

oes it cost a lot to travel to Europe from the U.S.?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

o we have class tomorrow?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

oes that company make computer software?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

Did the mail come yet?

wer: _______, _________ __________.

Level Quiz #8 - Much & Many Part B. Directions: Write questions using much or many. (5 points)

t A.

ctions: Fill in the blank with "much" or "many." (20 ts)

1. How ________ oranges _______________________?

e doesn't have ____________ time today.

ow __________ apples are there in the basket? 2. How ________ time __________________________?

didn't see __________ cars on the highway this morning.

ow _________ money do you have? 3. How _________ money _______________________?

here isn't __________ milk in the refrigerator.

here were _________Spanish-speaking people at the party. 4. How ________ students _______________________?

o you know how _________ people there are in the world?

We didn't send __________Christmas cards to our friends year.

5. How _________ water _________________________?

id you see how _________ food there was in that store?!

How _________ information can you find on the internet?

How _________ chairs do we need for the classroom?

She doesn't need very ________ time to finish her work.

Answers to Part A: 1. much; 2. many; 3. many; 4. much; 5. much; 6. many; 7. many; 8. many; 9. much; 10. much; 11. many; 12. much; 13. many; 14. much; 15. much; 16. much; 17. many; 18. many; 19. many; 20. much

There were too _________ bees at the park, so we left.

There is too __________ pollution in the world. couldn't find very ________ rice at the store today.

How _________ help do you need?

There were __________ butterflies outside.

She doesn't have _________ teeth left in her mouth.

We saw _________ police officers outside of our house.

How __________ coffee do you drink every day?

Level Quiz #9 - Any & Some Part C. Directions: Write sentences or questions using "any" or " some. (10 points) 1. There aren't __________________________________.

t A.

ctions: Fill in the blank with "any" or "some." (10 points)

he doesn't have ________ time today.

bought __________ oranges.

here's _______ milk in the refrigerator if you want ____.

2. Did you find _________________________________?

here's never ________ money in my wallet. 3. Is there ______________________________________?

o you have _________ eggs?

need to get _________ new shoes. 4. I bought ______________________________________.

hey would love to have _________ more children.

id you see __________ clothes that you wanted to buy? 5. There are _____________________________________.

here aren't __________ good stores at that mall.

Mary can't find __________ earrings to wear. 6. Would you like ________________________________.

t B.

ctions: Change these sentences to the negative. (10 points) 7. I saw ________________________________________.

he has some bananas.

he ____________________________________________. 8. This isn't _____________________________________.

want some pizza.

______________________________________________. 9. We had ______________________________________.

e bought some groceries.

e ____________________________________________. 10. Can I get ____________________________________?

Answers to Part A: 1. any; 2. some; 3. some / some; 4. any; 5. any or some; 6. some; 7. some; 8. any or some; 9. any; 10. any; Answers to Part B: 1. She doesn't have any bananas; 2. I don't want any pizza; 3. He didn't buy any groceries; 4. We didn't want any water; 5. The students didn't learn any English.

We wanted some water.

We ____________________________________________.

he students learned some English.

The students ____________________________________.

d Level Quiz #10 - Prepositions Part B. Directions: Fill in the blank with a preposition (20 points) 1. It's hard to ride a bike __________ the wind. 2. _________ we eat dinner, we have to set the table. 3. Apple pie is a great desert to eat ___________ dinner. 4. Chrissy will see her friends ________ the afternoon. 5. Do you know who this gift is __________? 6. Turn the lights ________ outside. We don't need them. 7. Please get ______ the car so we can leave. 8. The store employees did a lot of work ______ the customer. 9. I want to go _________ you to that new restaurant. 10. Did you put the chicken ________ the grill yet? 11. Juan and Rob like to talk _________ sports.

rt A.

rections: Fill in the blank space with a preposition. (20 points)

I need some help _________ my homework.

The class begins _________ 7:30 in the morning.

My teacher explained something ________ me.

The young man bought a ring ________ his girlfriend.

It will be very difficult _________ them to finish their project.

Is there enought time to get ________ the airport?

We try to live ___________ our budget.

Let's sit _________ the shade.

Did you buy anything _________ the store?

. She lives _________ her job. It's only a mile away.

. When it started to rain, we went __________ the house.

. The store owner swept the sidewalk ___ ________ ____ his re. (there are three prepositions)

12. The children want to bring _________ some toys on the trip. 13. What do you do ____________ the day? 14. Can you help me __________ this heavy box?

. How did you hear __________ the accident?

. Where can we go _________ the movie is over?

. There are plenty _________ good oranges at that store.

15. There are a lot of people shopping _________ the mall. 16. We get together _________ time __________ time.

. She loves to run her fingers ___________ my hair.

. Would you like to live ________ the United States?

17. She's been waiting to see the doctor ____________ 2:00 18. The store is open _________ 9 a.m. _________ 7 p.m. 19. We have to take this situation day ___________ day. 20. Minnesota is south __________ Canada.

. When Que got _______ the bus, he paid the fare.

. Put your money _________ the vending machine for some ndy.

. They live ________ 2435 E. Oak St.