Week 26

Equilibrium

(Total of 35 marks)

1. You will be very familiar with the equilibrium H 2O (l) H2O(g) One place where this equilibrium is established is in a plastic bag full of wet socks. a. Use the idea of dynamic equilibrium to explain why the socks in the bag never get dry. (1 mark) b. Why is this described as a dynamic equilibrium? (1 mark) c. You can dry the socks by taking them out of the bag. Once they are out of the bag the system is no longer in equilibrium. Explain why. (2 marks) d. In which direction does this equilibrium move when dew forms in the evening? And when you use the car's fan to demist a car window? (2 marks) 2. State Le Chateliers Principle (2 marks)

3. Ethanol is produced industrially at about 70 atmospheres pressure and 300C by the following reaction. The reaction needs a catalyst. C2H4(g) + H2O (g) C2H5OH(g) H = -46 kJmol-1 Which of the following would move the position of equilibrium to the right? A increasing the temperature B increasing the concentration of steam C decreasing the pressure D adding more catalyst. (4 marks) 4. State the direction in which the position of equilibrium of each system would move (if at all) if the pressure was increased by compressing the reaction mixture. Give your answer as 'left to right', 'right to left', or 'no change'. (5 marks) a. 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) b. C2H6(g) C2H4(g) + H2(g) c. 2Hl(g) H2(g) + I2(g) d. 2NO2(g) N2O4(g) e. 2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) 5. In industry the Haber process could operate between temperatures of 100oC and 700oC. which of these would give a) the highest yield of ammonia (1 mark) and b) the fastest rate of conversion to ammonia (1 mark) c. Why is the temperature around 400oC to 500oC typically used (1 mark) d. Name the catalyst used in the Haber process (1 mark) e. What practical reasons are there for not increasing the pressure beyond 200 atmospheres (2 marks) f. The conversion is approximately 15% explain how the nitrogen and hydrogen can all be converted into ammonia eventually (2 marks) g. The boiling points of N2 H2 and NH3 are -196 oC, -253 oC and -33 oC respectively. Describe the intermolecular forces in each, and describe how the product can be separated from the nitrogen and hydrogen. (5 marks)

Extension Question 6. Explain the similarities and differences in the conditions of the Haber process and the Contact process. (5 marks)