THERMODYNAMICS

Definition: Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. It is an experimental science based on a small number of principles that are generalizations made from experience. It is concerned only with macroscopic properties of matter.

Thermodynamics is a science that governs the following: Energy and its transformation Feasibility of a process involving transformation of energy Feasibility of a process involving transfer of energy Equilibrium processes.

Following engineering devices are typically designed based on the principles of thermodynamics. Automotive engines Turbines Compressors Pumps Thermal and nuclear power plants Refrigeration and air conditioning devices.

Thermodynamic system
Thermodynamic system is defined as the definite quantity of matter or a region in the space considered for the analysis of the problem.

Surrounding
Everything external to the system is called surrounding. The system and surroundings are separated by a boundary which may be at rest or in motion.

Universe
A system and surrounding together comprise the universe.

Types of System
1. Open System
Exchange of mass and energy across the boundary.

2. Closed System
Exchange of only energy across the boundary.

3. Isolated System
No exchange of mass and energy across the boundary.