CHEMCAD 6 User Guide - Online

CHEMCAD Version 6
User Guide
Allmaterial2007Chemstations,Inc.
CHEMCAD Version 6 User Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter1IntroductiontoCHEMCAD .............................................................................................. 1 OverviewofCHEMCADandItsUses ................................................................................................ 1 CHEMCADProductsandFeatures ................................................................................................. 3

CC-STEADY STATE .......................................................................................................................................3 CC-DYNAMICS ...............................................................................................................................................3 CC-BATCH .......................................................................................................................................................3 CC-THERM.......................................................................................................................................................3 CC-SAFETY NET.............................................................................................................................................3 CC-FLASH........................................................................................................................................................3
CHEMCADFeaturesbyModule...................................................................................................... 4 UnitOpsbyModule............................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter2GettingStartedwithCHEMCAD..................................................................................... 7 InstallingtheSoftware ........................................................................................................................... 7 LicensingCHEMCAD ......................................................................................................................... 10 TypesofCHEMCADLicenses........................................................................................................ 10 LicenseSettings ................................................................................................................................. 11 UpdatingaLicense ........................................................................................................................... 12 GettingHelpwithCHEMCAD .......................................................................................................... 14 OnlineHelp ....................................................................................................................................... 14 CHEMCADCoach............................................................................................................................ 15 ProcedureDemos.............................................................................................................................. 15 TheChemstationsWebSite............................................................................................................. 15 ContactingChemstationsTechnicalSupport ............................................................................... 15
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide i
TableofContents
Chapter3TheCHEMCADInterface................................................................................................ 17 TheCHEMCADWindow ................................................................................................................... 17 TheWorkspace.................................................................................................................................. 18 TheCHEMCADExplorerPane ...................................................................................................... 18

The Recent Files Tab .......................................................................................................................................19 The Simulation Tab .........................................................................................................................................19 The Visual Basic Tab.......................................................................................................................................20
ThePalettePane ................................................................................................................................ 20
Selecting a Palette............................................................................................................................................20 Customizing Palettes .......................................................................................................................................21
TheMessagesPane ........................................................................................................................... 22
The Errors and Warnings Tab..........................................................................................................................22 The Run Trace Tab ..........................................................................................................................................22 The Notes Tab .................................................................................................................................................23
TheMainMenu................................................................................................................................. 23 TheToolbar........................................................................................................................................ 23 CustomizingtheCHEMCADScreen................................................................................................. 23 ViewingandHidingScreenElements ........................................................................................... 24 ResizingandMovingItems............................................................................................................. 24

Resizing a Pane................................................................................................................................................24 Moving a Pane .................................................................................................................................................25
PinningandUnpinningPanes........................................................................................................ 25 OtherUsefulInterfaceHints............................................................................................................... 26 UndoandRedo ................................................................................................................................. 26 VisibleGrid........................................................................................................................................ 26 AdjustingYourViewoftheWorkspace........................................................................................ 27 TheCHEMCADCoachPane .......................................................................................................... 27 Chapter4WorkingwithSimulationFiles ...................................................................................... 29 AboutCHEMCADSimulationFiles.................................................................................................. 29 UserComponentsinCHEMCAD .................................................................................................. 30 ExampleFiles..................................................................................................................................... 30 OpeninganExistingSimulation ........................................................................................................ 31 CreatingaNewSimulation................................................................................................................. 31 SavingaSimulation.............................................................................................................................. 32 SavingDifferentCasesfortheSameSimulation.......................................................................... 32 EmailingaSimulation ........................................................................................................................ 33 WorkingwithCHEMCADFilesfromPreviousVersions .............................................................. 33
ii
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TableofContents
Chapter5BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation ........................................................................ 35 StartingaNewSimulation .................................................................................................................. 35 SelectingEngineeringUnits................................................................................................................ 36 DrawingtheFlowsheet........................................................................................................................ 36 AddingUnitOps ............................................................................................................................... 36 SelectingaDefaultIconforaUnitOp ............................................................................................ 37 ManipulatingUnitOpIcons ............................................................................................................ 38 DrawingandConnectingaStream ................................................................................................ 38
Choosing a Stream Route ................................................................................................................................39 Rerouting a Stream ..........................................................................................................................................39
OtherDrawingTools........................................................................................................................ 40
The Text Tool ..................................................................................................................................................40 Simple Drawing Tools: Rectangle, Ellipse, and Line ......................................................................................40 Complex Drawing Tools: Multi-line and Polygon ..........................................................................................40
SelectingChemicalComponents........................................................................................................ 41 FindingaComponent ...................................................................................................................... 41 AddingaComponent....................................................................................................................... 42 ChangingtheOrderofSelectedComponents .............................................................................. 43 RemovingItemsfromtheSelectedComponentsList ................................................................. 43 SelectingKvalueandEnthalpyOptions .......................................................................................... 44 UsingtheThermodynamicsWizard .............................................................................................. 44
Selecting Components to Ignore......................................................................................................................44 Specifying Process Conditions ........................................................................................................................44 How the Thermodynamics Wizard Makes Suggestions ..................................................................................44 Should the Thermodynamics Wizard be trusted to make design decisions? ...................................................45
ManuallySelectingThermodynamicsSettings ............................................................................ 45 DefiningStreams .................................................................................................................................. 46 ThermodynamicProperties............................................................................................................. 46 StreamComposition ......................................................................................................................... 46 TotalFlowProperties ....................................................................................................................... 47 SpecifyingEquipmentParameters..................................................................................................... 47 RunningtheSimulation....................................................................................................................... 48 ReviewingtheResults.......................................................................................................................... 48
iii
TableofContents
Chapter6UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling........................................................... 49 Whatishighfidelitymodeling?......................................................................................................... 49 CriteriaforHighfidelityModeling ................................................................................................... 50 IntroductiontoEquipmentSizing ..................................................................................................... 50 HighfidelityModelingandSizingforCommonUnitOps ............................................................ 51 Piping.................................................................................................................................................. 51

Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................51 Sizing...............................................................................................................................................................51 High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................51
Pumps,Compressors,andExpanders ........................................................................................... 52
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................52 High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................52
VesselsandTanks............................................................................................................................. 52
Valves ................................................................................................................................................. 53
Columns ............................................................................................................................................. 54
HeatExchangers ............................................................................................................................... 56
ReliefDevices .................................................................................................................................... 57
Low-fidelity .....................................................................................................................................................57 High-fidelity ....................................................................................................................................................58
LicensingConsiderationsforHighfidelityModeling.................................................................... 58 LicenseSettings ................................................................................................................................. 58 Chapter7BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation ................................................................. 59 Whatdowemeanbydynamics? ....................................................................................................... 59 LicensingConsiderations .................................................................................................................... 59 LicenseSettings ................................................................................................................................. 60 AdditionalInputforDynamicOperation......................................................................................... 60 StrategiesforDynamicSimulations ............................................................................................... 61
iv
TableofContents
SettingUpDynamicOperation .......................................................................................................... 61 SwitchingtoDynamics .................................................................................................................... 61 SettingtheRunTime ........................................................................................................................ 63 SelectingStreamsandUnitOps ...................................................................................................... 65 RunningaDynamicSimulation ......................................................................................................... 66 RunfromInitialState ....................................................................................................................... 66 RunfromCurrentState.................................................................................................................... 66 RunOneStepataTime ................................................................................................................... 67 OtherDynamicCommands ................................................................................................................ 67 ResettoInitialState .......................................................................................................................... 67 SaveAsInitialState .......................................................................................................................... 68 OutputfromDynamicSimulations ................................................................................................... 68 ReviewingtheFlowsheetSpecifications........................................................................................ 68 PlottingDynamicResults ................................................................................................................ 69 TextbasedDynamicReports .......................................................................................................... 69 Chapter8OutputandReports........................................................................................................... 71 TextReports .......................................................................................................................................... 71 ReportSetup ...................................................................................................................................... 71 StreambasedReports....................................................................................................................... 72
Stream Groups .................................................................................................................................................72 Stream Compositions.......................................................................................................................................74 Stream Properties.............................................................................................................................................75 Particle Size Distribution.................................................................................................................................76 Pseudocomponent Curves................................................................................................................................76
UnitOpbasedReports...................................................................................................................... 76
UnitOp Groups ................................................................................................................................................76 Select UnitOps.................................................................................................................................................77 Spec Sheet........................................................................................................................................................77 Distillation .......................................................................................................................................................78
FlowsheetbasedReports ................................................................................................................. 78
Topology..........................................................................................................................................................78 Thermodynamics .............................................................................................................................................78 Mass and Energy Balances ..............................................................................................................................79
DynamicsReports............................................................................................................................. 79
Batch Results ...................................................................................................................................................79 Dynamics .........................................................................................................................................................79
ConsolidatedReport......................................................................................................................... 79
TableofContents
GraphicalReports................................................................................................................................. 80 ThermophysicalDataGraphs ......................................................................................................... 80

TPXY...............................................................................................................................................................80 Binary LLE ......................................................................................................................................................80 Binodal Plot .....................................................................................................................................................80 Binodal/Residue Curves ..................................................................................................................................80 Residue Curves ................................................................................................................................................80
FlowsheetbasedGraphs.................................................................................................................. 80 UnitOpbasedPlots .......................................................................................................................... 81

Tower Profiles .................................................................................................................................................81 Heat Curves .....................................................................................................................................................81 Plug Flow Reactor Profile ...............................................................................................................................81 Pipe Profile ......................................................................................................................................................81 Controller Convergence...................................................................................................................................81
DynamicPlots ................................................................................................................................... 81 UserspecifiedFile ............................................................................................................................ 81 PrintingCHEMCADReports ............................................................................................................. 82 ProcessFlowDiagrams ....................................................................................................................... 82 FlowsheetDataboxes........................................................................................................................ 82

Stream Boxes...................................................................................................................................................82 UnitOp Boxes ..................................................................................................................................................83 TP Boxes .........................................................................................................................................................83 Excel Range Boxes ..........................................................................................................................................84
UsingtheLayersFeatureforSelectiveViewingandPrinting ................................................... 85
Scenarios for Using Layers..............................................................................................................................85 Creating a New layer .......................................................................................................................................86 Assigning Objects to a Layer...........................................................................................................................87 Hiding and Viewing Layers.............................................................................................................................88 Removing an Object from a Layer ..................................................................................................................88 Deleting an Entire Layer..................................................................................................................................88
PrintingaProcessFlowDiagram ................................................................................................... 88 Chapter9CustomizingCHEMCAD ................................................................................................ 91 FlowsheetTemplates ........................................................................................................................... 91 CreatingaTemplate ......................................................................................................................... 92 ViewingaTemplatesProperties.................................................................................................... 92 ApplyingaTemplate........................................................................................................................ 92 RenamingorDeletingaTemplate.................................................................................................. 92
vi
TableofContents
CreatingCustomComponents ........................................................................................................... 93 AddingaSingleComponent........................................................................................................... 93

Creating the Component ..................................................................................................................................93 Regressing Data into the Component ..............................................................................................................95
PseudocomponentRange ................................................................................................................ 96 ImportingaNeutralFile .................................................................................................................. 97 CreatingaCustomSymbol ................................................................................................................. 98 CustomizedCostingCalculations.................................................................................................... 100 CreatingCustomUnitOps ................................................................................................................ 100 CreatingaCustomUnitOpDialogBox ....................................................................................... 101 CustomizingThermodynamics ........................................................................................................ 102 CreatingaCustomKvalueorEnthalpyModel......................................................................... 102 CreatingaCustomMixingRule ................................................................................................... 104 VisualBasicApplications(VBA)...................................................................................................... 104 DefiningaReaction,MixingRule,orUnitOp ............................................................................ 104 UsingaVBAdefinedReaction ..................................................................................................... 105 UsingaVBAdefinedMixingRule............................................................................................... 106 UsingaVBAdefinedUnitOp ....................................................................................................... 106 Chapter10DataInterfaces ............................................................................................................... 107 ExcelDataMapping........................................................................................................................... 107 CreatinganExcelDataMap.......................................................................................................... 108 DataMapExecutionRules ............................................................................................................ 111 CreatingExcelUnitOps ..................................................................................................................... 113 SpecificationSheets ............................................................................................................................ 113 UsingCHEMCADasanOPCServer .............................................................................................. 114 OPCApplications ........................................................................................................................... 114 OPCCompliance............................................................................................................................. 114 EnablingCHEMCADasanOPCServer ..................................................................................... 115 ReadingandWritingValuestoCHEMCADUsingOPC ......................................................... 115 OPCServerOperations.................................................................................................................. 115 CHEMCADOPCNamespace ....................................................................................................... 116 COMInterfaces ................................................................................................................................... 117 ConnectingExcelandCHEMCAD:ASimpleCOMInterface ................................................. 117
Using the VBClient Example ........................................................................................................................118 A Peek under the Hood..................................................................................................................................118
vii
TableofContents
Chapter11CHEMCADTutorials ................................................................................................... 121 CCSTEADYSTATETutorial ........................................................................................................... 122 Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 122 StartingaNewSimulation ............................................................................................................ 123 SelectingEngineeringUnits .......................................................................................................... 123 DrawingtheFlowsheet .................................................................................................................. 123
Placing UnitOps.............................................................................................................................................123 Drawing Streams ...........................................................................................................................................126
SelectingComponents.................................................................................................................... 126 SelectingThermodynamicOptions.............................................................................................. 128 DefiningtheFeedStreams............................................................................................................. 130 EnterUnitOpParameters .............................................................................................................. 132

First Heat Exchanger .....................................................................................................................................132 Second Heat Exchanger.................................................................................................................................133 Flash Drum ....................................................................................................................................................133 Valve..............................................................................................................................................................133 Stabilizer Tower ............................................................................................................................................134
RuntheSimulation ......................................................................................................................... 134 ReviewtheResultsandPrintasNeeded..................................................................................... 134

Checking the Cricondentherm Dewpoint.......................................................................................................134 Checking the Bottoms Stream Purity.............................................................................................................137 Re-running the Simulation.............................................................................................................................138 Producing a Text Report................................................................................................................................139 Generating a Process Flow Diagram..............................................................................................................140
CCTHERMTutorial .......................................................................................................................... 144 OverviewoftheHeatExchangerSizingProcess ....................................................................... 145 IdentifytheTubesideStream....................................................................................................... 145 GeneratetheHeatCurve ............................................................................................................... 146 DefineGeneralSpecifications ....................................................................................................... 147 SetTubeSpecifications................................................................................................................... 148 SetShellSpecifications ................................................................................................................... 148 SetBaffleSpecifications.................................................................................................................. 149
Baffle Spacing ...............................................................................................................................................149 Baffle Cut Percent .........................................................................................................................................149
SetNozzleSpecifications ............................................................................................................... 149 SetClearanceSpecifications .......................................................................................................... 150 SetMaterialSpecifications............................................................................................................. 151 SetMiscellaneousSpecifications................................................................................................... 151 RunSizingCalculations ................................................................................................................. 151
viii CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TableofContents
ReviewResultsandCreatePlots .................................................................................................. 152 CCBATCHTutorial .......................................................................................................................... 154 DescriptionoftheProblem............................................................................................................ 154 OverviewoftheBatchDistillationProcess ................................................................................. 155 CreatingaNewSimulation ........................................................................................................... 156 SelectingEngineeringUnits .......................................................................................................... 156 DrawingtheFlowsheet .................................................................................................................. 156
Placing UnitOps.............................................................................................................................................156 Drawing Streams ...........................................................................................................................................157
SelectingComponents.................................................................................................................... 158 SelectingThermodynamicOptions.............................................................................................. 158 SpecifyingPotCharge.................................................................................................................... 160 SpecifyingtheDistillationColumn .............................................................................................. 162 DefiningtheOperatingSteps........................................................................................................ 163
Operating Step 1 ............................................................................................................................................163 Operating Step 2 ............................................................................................................................................164 Operating Step 3 ............................................................................................................................................164 Operating Step 4 ............................................................................................................................................165 Operating Step 5 ............................................................................................................................................165 The Run Time Information Dialog Box.........................................................................................................165
RunningtheSimulation ................................................................................................................. 166 ReviewingandPrintingResults ................................................................................................... 167

Plotting the Results ........................................................................................................................................167 Generating Text Reports................................................................................................................................168 Generating a Full Report ...............................................................................................................................168
PipingTutorial .................................................................................................................................... 170 ControlValveSizingExample ...................................................................................................... 170

Problem Statement.........................................................................................................................................170 Rating Case....................................................................................................................................................171 Flow Rate as a Function of Pressure..............................................................................................................173
SimpleFlowExample..................................................................................................................... 176
Problem Statement.........................................................................................................................................176 Creating the Simulation .................................................................................................................................176 Using Controllers to Simplify the Problem ...................................................................................................178 Calculating NPSHA.......................................................................................................................................179
BranchedFlowExample ................................................................................................................ 180

Problem Statement.........................................................................................................................................180 Creating the Simulation .................................................................................................................................180 Running the Simulation .................................................................................................................................182 Selecting a Pump ...........................................................................................................................................183
Index ........................................................................................................................................ 185

CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide ix
TableofContents
Chapter 1
Introduction to CHEMCAD
WelcometoCHEMCADVersion6.0,apowerfulandeffectivesoftwaretoolfor chemicalprocesssimulation.WhetheryoureaneworexperiencedCHEMCADuser, youllappreciatetheprogramsuserfriendly,featurerichinterface.Creating flowsheetsandrunningsimulationsisfastandeasywithCHEMCAD,andthe programishighlycustomizabletofityourneedsandthewayyouwork. ThismanualwillhelpyougetupandrunningwithCHEMCAD,from installationandlicensingtotutorialsthatwalkyouthroughrealworldexamples.
Overview of CHEMCAD and Its Uses

Todayschemicalprocessingindustry(CPI)facesnumerouschallenges:risingfuel andfeedstockcosts,reducedengineeringstaff,shorterproductlifecycles,increased globalcompetition,andincreasedregulation.ThesechallengesrequirethatCPI companiesseekoutandusethebesttoolstoincreaseproductivityandimprove engineeringdecisions. CHEMCADisapowerfulandflexiblechemicalprocesssimulationenvironment, builtaroundthreekeyvaluesofinnovation,integration,andopenarchitecture. ThesevaluescreateimportantadvantagesforCHEMCADusers: Thelatestchemicalengineeringtechniquesatyourfingertips Allfunctionalityunitedinasinglesoftwareenvironment Seamlessconnectiontothechemicalengineeringcomputingenvironment,with linkstotoolssuchasMSExcelandWordandinterfacessuchasCOM,DCOM, OPC,CAPEOPEN,andXML
IntroductiontoCHEMCAD
CHEMCADcombinesastateoftheartgraphicaluserinterface(GUI),an extensivechemicalcomponentdatabase,alargelibraryofthermodynamicdata,and alibraryofthemostcommonunitoperationstogiveuserstheabilitytoprovide significantandmeasurablereturnsontheirinvestment.Inaddition,theprogramis customizabletoallowcustomchemicals,thermodynamics,unitoperations, calculations,andreportingallingredientsforapowerfuluserexperience. CHEMCADiscapableofmodelingcontinuous,batch,andsemibatchprocesses, anditcansimulatebothsteadystateanddynamicsystems.Thisprogramisused extensivelyaroundtheworldforthedesign,operation,andmaintenanceofchemical processesinawidevarietyofindustries,includingoilandgasexploration, production,andrefining;gasprocessing;commodityandspecialtychemicals; pharmaceuticals;biofuels;andprocessequipmentmanufacturing. Withinalloftheseindustries,chemicalengineersworkeverydaywith CHEMCADtoaddressavarietyofchallenges: Initialdesignofnewprocesses Optimizationordebottleneckingofexistingprocesses Performancemonitoringofprocesses Designandratingofprocessequipmentsuchasvessels,columns,heat exchangers,piping,valves,andinstrumentation Evaluationofsafetyreliefdevices Heatexchangersizing Pressureandflowbalancingofcomplexpipingnetworks Reconciliationofplantdata Economiccomparisonsofprocessalternatives Advancedprocesscontrol(APC),includingmodelpredictivecontrol(MPC), realtimeoptimization(RTO),andoperatortrainingsystems(OTS) Scaleupofprocessesfromlabscaletopilotscale,andfrompilotscaletofull scale Binaryinteractionparameter(BIP)regressionfromprocessorlabdata Batchreactionrateregressionfromprocessorlabdata
Nomatterhowcomplexyourprocess,CHEMCADiscapableofdeliveringthe resultsyouneedtostaycompetitiveinanincreasinglyfastandfluidglobalmarket. Easytolearnandhighlycustomizable,CHEMCADcanputfutureproofsolutions withineasyreachofyourengineeringstaff.
CHEMCAD Products and Features

TheCHEMCADsuiteconsistsofseveralmodulesthatservespecificpurposes. Dependingonyourparticularneeds,youmayhavepurchasedsomeorallofthese modules.ThefollowingarebriefdescriptionsofthevariousCHEMCADmodules andtheirmostcommonuses.
CC-STEADY STATE
ThemainCHEMCADproduct,knownasCCSTEADYSTATE,enablesyouto designnewprocesses,rateexistingprocesses,andoptimizeprocessesinsteadystate.
CC-DYNAMICS
ThemoduleknownasCCDYNAMICSmakesitpossibletodesignandrateexisting processesusingadynamicsimulation.Thismoduleisfullyintegratedwith CHEMCADtomakeswitchingbetweensteadystateanddynamicseasyand intuitive.UsingCCDYNAMICS,youcaneasilysimulateeverythingfromsimple vesselaccumulationtocomplexcontrolsystemsoncolumns.Thismodulealso providestoolsforsimulationofcontinuousstirredtankreactors(CSTRs),including complexreactionrateandpressurecalculation.
CC-BATCH
TheCCBATCHproductenablesyoutodesign,rate,oroptimizeabatchdistillation column.CCBATCHincludesaschedulinginterfacetoallowanoperationstep approachtosimulationofbatchcolumns.
CC-THERM
TheCCTHERMproductletsyoudesignasingleheatexchanger,orvetavendors heatexchangerdesign.Itisalsoidealforcustomerswhowanttorateexisting exchangersinnewservice,ortoperformcalculationsonhypotheticalsituations.CC THERMcansimulateshellandtube,aircooled,plateandframe,anddoublepipe exchangers.FullintegrationwithCHEMCADmakesitpossibletocalculateexit conditionsfromexchangergeometryforhighfidelitysimulations.
CC-SAFETY NET
TheCCSAFETYNETproductprovidesthecapabilitytodesignorratepiping networksandsafetyreliefdevicesandsystems,inbothsteadystateanddynamic systems.ThesteadystatefeaturesofCCSAFETYNETareincludedwithCC STEADYSTATE.Thisproductenablesuserstomakesimultaneousflowand pressurebalancedsimulationseveninreverseflowsituationsforsingleor multiphaseflow.
CC-FLASH
TheCCFLASHmoduleprovidesphysicalpropertyandphaseequilibriumdata,as wellaspropertypredictionandregression.CCFLASHisasubsetofCCSTEADY STATE,andismeantforcustomerswhodonotneedfullflowsheetsimulationtools.
CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide 3
CHEMCAD Features by Module

Thefollowingmatrixliststhefeaturesassociatedwitheachcomponentofthe CHEMCADsuite.Foramoredetailedexplanation,ortoinquireaboutaparticular componentorfeature,pleasecontactChemstationsoryourCHEMCADdistributor (seecompletecontactinformationatwww.chemstations.net/contact.htm).
CC-STEADY STATE CC-SAFETY NET
CC-DYNAMICS
CC-THERM
CC-BATCH
VB/COM/OPC/Data Map Sensitivity/optimization Sizing (line/valve/orifice/vessel) Run steady state Run dynamics Run recycles Costing Reconciliation Sizing columns Sizing heat exchangers Economics Reports (incl. Excel) DIERS CO2 solid Hydrates Depress TOC/COD Pure regression BIP regression Electrolyte regression Rate regression Units calculator Execute parser Environmental report Simple calculator Spec sheet 4
9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
CC-FLASH
UnitOps by Module
Theavailabilityofcertainunitoperations,orUnitOps,inCHEMCADsimulationsis afunctionofwhichmodulesyouhavelicensed.Thefollowingmatrixlistsall availableUnitOpsandtheCHEMCADmodulesassociatedwiththem.
CC-STEADY STATE CC-SAFETY NET
CC-DYNAMICS
CC-THERM
CC-BATCH
Baghouse filter Batch column Batch reactor Calculator Centrifuge Component separator Compressor Control valve Controller Crusher/grinder Crystallizer Cyclone Divider Dynamic vessel Electrostatic precipitator Equilibrium reactor Excel unit Expander Fired heater Flash Gibbs reactor Heat exchanger Hydrocyclone Kinetic reactor Liquid/liquid extractor LLV flash* LNGH exchanger
9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
CC-FLASH 5
CC-STEADY STATE
CC-SAFETY NET
CC-DYNAMICS
CC-THERM
CC-BATCH
Loop Mixer Node Phase generator* PID controller Pipe simulator Polymer reactor Pump Ramp controller Recorder* Run subflowsheet META unit SCDS distillation column Screen Sedimentator Shortcut column Solids dryer Solids washer Stoichiometric reactor Stream reference Tank Time delay Time switch Tower distillation column Tower plus distillation column User-added module Vacuum filter Valve Venturi scrubber Vessel* * These UnitOps will be phased out eventually.
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
CC-FLASH
Chapter 2
Getting Started with CHEMCAD
NowthatyouhaveCHEMCADinhand,youprobablywanttogetstartedright away.Letsgetdirectlytothepoint,withstepbystepinstructionsforinstallingand licensingtheprogram.
Installing the Software

StartbyensuringthatyourPCmeetstheminimumsystemrequirements,aslisted below.Itsalsoagoodideatofindoutbeforeyoubeginwhetheryourcopyof CHEMCADwillrelyonanetworklicense;ifitwill,makesuretoaskyournetwork administratorforallthe informationthatyoullneed CHEMCAD System Requirements wheninstallationiscompleteand Processor speed: 500 MHz or higher itstimetosetuplicensing.
Operating system: Windows 2000, XP, or Vista RAM: 256 MB Video card: 128 MB or higher video memory Display resolution: 1024 x 768 or higher Hard disk space: 500 MB (750 MB during installation) Productivity software: Some features require Microsoft Office
Onceyouveestablishedthat yourcomputerisreadyfor installation,insertthe CHEMCAD6.0discintoan availableCDmediadriveand watchfortheCHEMCADsplash screentoappear.
Note: IfyouinsertthediscandclosetheCDmediadrivedoor,butnothinghappens
withinoneminute,thenyoursystemisnotconfiguredtolaunchtheCDcontent automatically.Tolaunchtheinstallationprogrammanually,gotoMyComputer, doubleclicktheiconforyourcomputersCDmediadrive,andthendoubleclickthe filecalledSetup.exe. ClickInstallCHEMCADtolaunchtheInstallShieldWizard.InstallShield inspectsyourcomputerforsoftwarecomponentsthatCHEMCADwillneed,and promptsyoutoinstallanyneededcomponentswithascreensimilartoFigure201.
Figure 2-01: InstallShield Wizard screen listing software components to be installed
ClickInstalltocontinue.Followthepromptsonallotherscreensuntilyousee theCHEMCADSuiteInstallShieldWizardscreen,showninFigure202.
Note:DependingonhowmanysoftwarecomponentsInstallShieldidentifies,there
maybequiteafewscreens,andtheprocedurecouldtakeseveralminutes.Once thesecomponentsareinstalledonyourcomputer,however,youwillnotneedto reinstallthemwithfutureCHEMCADupdates.
Figure 2-02: The CHEMCAD Suite InstallShield Wizard screen
ClickNexttobegintheinstallationprocess.TheLicenseAgreementscreen appears,listingtheCHEMCADstandardlicense.Onceyouvereadandunderstood thetermsofthelicense,youllneedtoclicktheIacceptthetermsofthelicense agreementbuttonbeforeyoucanclickNextagaintoproceed.Notethatyouhavethe optiontoprintacopyofthelicenseagreementfromthisscreen.
Figure 2-03: The Standard License screen
TheDestinationFolderscreenappearsnext,displayingthenameofthefolder intowhichtheCHEMCADfileswillbeinstalledbydefault.Normally,this destinationisC:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD,anditisrecommended thatyouusethislocationunlessyouhaveaspecificneedtoinstalltheprogram elsewhere.ClicktheChangebuttonifyouwanttochangethefiledestination,or clickNexttoacceptthesuggesteddestinationandproceed. TheSetupTypescreennowappears,offeringachoicebetweencompleteand custominstallation.Eachtypeofinstallationisdescribedonthescreen.Eitheraccept thedefaultsettingofCompleteorclickCustomtoselectspecificcomponentsto install,thenclickNexttoproceed.
TheReadytoInstalltheProgramscreennowappears.Notethatonthisscreen, andinfactonanyscreenintheinstallationprocess,youcanclickBacktoreturntoa previousscreenandverifyorchangeyourinstallationsettings.Ifyouaresatisfied withyoursettingsastheyare,clickNexttostarttheinstallation. TheInstallingCHEMCADSuitescreenappears,showingtheprogressofyour installationwithagreenstatusbar.
Figure 2-04: Status bar showing the progress of CHEMCAD installation
Wheninstallationiscomplete,youllseeonefinalscreen,whichstatesthatthe InstallShieldWizardhascompletedinstallationoftheCHEMCADSuite.Click FinishtoclosetheinstallationprogramandopenCHEMCAD6.
Licensing CHEMCAD
BeforeyoucanuseCHEMCAD,youllneedtosetupalicensingschemeofsome type.Dependingonyourparticularlicensingagreement,youwilluseoneofseveral typesoflicensestorunCHEMCAD.
Types of CHEMCAD Licenses

ThevarioustypesofCHEMCADlicensesaredesignedtofitdifferentusers software,hardware,andnetworkingneeds.Mostlicensesrequiretheuseofa hardwaredevice,commonlyknownasadongle,toruntheprogram. ThedonglesimplyplugsintoeitheraUSBportoraparallelportonthe computer,andmustbepluggedinanytimetheprogramruns.Ifyouworkona networkwithotherCHEMCADusers,yourlicensemayrelyonadongleplugged intoanetworkserverelsewhereinyourorganization,ratherthanoneplugged directlyintoyourcomputer.
10
Youoryourorganizationwilluseoneoffourtypesofdongles: SuperProsingleuserdongle(parallelorUSBconnection) SuperProNetdongle(parallelorUSBconnection) SentinelScribesingleuserdongle(parallelconnection) NetSentinelnetworkdongle(parallelconnection)
Insomeinstances,softwarelicensingisaccomplishedwithouttheuseofa hardwaredevice: LicenseManagersoftware,whichrunsoveralocalorwideaccess network SystemAuthorization,amethodthatauthorizesasingleusermachinefor alimitedtime(usedforsoftwareevaluation)
License Settings
TorunCHEMCADforthefirsttime,makesurethatyourdongle(ifapplicable)is pluggedinproperly,andthenstarttheprogram.FromtheWindowsStartmenu, selectAllPrograms>Chemstations>CHEMCAD. Theprogramopens,displayingaCHEMCADsplashscreen.Afterafew moments,thatscreenisreplacedbytheLicenseSettingsscreen.
Figure 2-05: The License Settings screen with default settings
Thecheckedboxesontheleftsideofthisscreenindicatethetypesoflicensing hardwareandsoftwarethatCHEMCADwillsearchforwhenyouclickOK.Note thatnetworklicensingmethodsarenotchecked;thissavestimeformanyusers, becausesearchingforanetworkdonglecanbetimeconsuming.
11
Note:Ifyouareusingoneofthenetworklicensingmethods(NetSentinel,SuperPro
Net,orLicenseManager),youllneedtochecktheappropriateboxbeforeclicking OK.Youcanalsoclicktheotherboxestocleartheircheckmarksandspeedup CHEMCADssearchforyourlicense. Ontherightsideofthescreen,theNetworkdeviceproductcheckoutarealets networkuserschoosewhetherornottorequestlicensesforspecificCHEMCAD modules.Foreachlistedproduct,youcanelecttosecurealicenseAlways,As needed,orNever. ThedefaultsettingforalloftheseslidercontrolsisAsneeded,whichsecuresa licenseonlywhenyoubegintouseaspecificCHEMCADfeaturecontrolledbya certainproduct.Thissettingisidealinmostsituations,asitleavesunneededlicenses availableforotherusers.Tochangeanymodulescheckoutsetting,simplyclickto theleftorrightofthecurrentsettingtomovetheslider. Inmostcases,youwontneedtomakeanychangesontheLicenseSettings screen,althoughyoumaywanttocleartheAlwaysshowthisscreenatstartupcheck box,toavoidseeingthisscreeneachtimeyoustartCHEMCAD.
Note:Ifyouveturnedoffthischeckbox,youcanstillopentheLicenseSettings
dialogboxatanytime.EitherselectTools>Options>LicenseSettingsfromwithin anopensimulation,orselectLicense>LicenseSettingswithnosimulationopen. Whenyouvemadeanychangesneeded,clickOK.OnceCHEMCADhaslocated yourvalidlicense,youllseetheLicensesinUsescreen,whichlistsalllicensed productsalongwiththetypeoflicensedeviceorsoftwarevalidatingeachproduct. ClickOKtoclosethisscreenandaccessthemainCHEMCADwindow.
Updating a License
CHEMCADdonglesrequirereprogrammingonaregularbasis,eitheronceayear ormoreoftendependingonyourlicensingagreement.Thisisasecuritymeasureto reducethelikelihoodthatyourdonglewillbestolenandmisused. Thedonglethatyouuseisprogrammedtoworkonlythroughthelicensedtime period,andwhenthattimehaselapsed,thedonglemustbeupdatedbeforeyoucan continueusingCHEMCAD. Updatingadongleisarelativelysimpleprocedure.Beforeyourlicense expiration,youoryoursoftwareadministratorshouldreceiveanemailfrom Chemstations,withwhatsknownasaconfigurationfileincludedasanattachment. YoushouldsavethisfiletoyourWindowsdesktopassoonasyoureceiveit.
12
Note:Ifyouveupdatedthesamedongleinthepast,thenewconfigurationfile
shouldhavetheexactsamefilenameasthepreviousone.If,whilesavingthefileto yourdesktop,youseeaWindowsmessageaboutanexistingfilewiththesame name,youshouldoverwritetheoldfile(whichinanycasecannotbeusedagain), replacingitwiththenewone. Itsimportanttoensurethatyourconfigurationfilematchesyourdongle.The configurationfileshouldbea.DNGfilewhosenameincludesafourorfivedigit code;thiscodemustmatchthenumberstampedontoyourdongle.Ifthenumbers dontmatch,contactyoursoftwareadministratororChemstationssupporttoresolve theissue. Theupdateemailalsospecifiesthedateonwhichyoullneedtoupdateyour dongle.Beforethatdatearrives,followthisproceduretoperformtheupdate: 1. StarttheCHEMCADprogram;youshouldseetheLicenseSettingsdialog boxappearautomatically.Ifnecessary,youcanopenthisdialogboxusing eitherTools>Options>LicenseSettings(withasimulationopen)or License>LicenseSettings(withnosimulationopen). 2. WithintheLicenseSettingsdialogbox,clickthetabwiththesamenameas thetypeofhardwaredonglethatyouuse:SentinelScribe,NetSentinel, SuperPro,orSuperProNet. 3. Onthetabyouveselected,findtheReprogrambuttonReprogram SentinelSuperPro,forexample.Clickthisbuttontobeginthere programmingprocedure.
Figure 2-06: Re-programming a SuperPro dongle from the License Settings dialog box
4. WhentheBrowseforFolderdialogboxappears,navigatetothelocation whereyousavedthe.DNGconfigurationfile.Normally,thisistheWindows desktop;ifyousavedyourconfigurationfilethere,clickDesktoptotell CHEMCADwheretolookforthefile,thenclickOK.

Figure 2-07: Selecting the location where the configuration file resides
5. CHEMCADreprogramsthedongleandthendisplaysasuccesspopup window.
Figure 2-08: Successful re-programming of a CHEMCAD dongle
6. ClickOKtoclosethepopupwindow.IftheLicensesinUsescreenappears, clickOKtocloseit. YoushouldnowbeabletoopenCHEMCADandproceednormally.
Getting Help with CHEMCAD

IfyoufindthatyouhavequestionsthatarenotaddressedinthisUserGuide,you canturntoseveralresourcesforCHEMCADhelp.
Online Help
AtanytimewhilerunningCHEMCADinanactivewindow,youcanpressthe[F1] keytobringuptheCHEMCADHelpscreenthatsmostappropriatetothetaskyou arecurrentlyperformingorthedialogboxcurrentlydisplayed. Insomesituations,pressing[F1]willbringupthemainCHEMCAD6Help windowinsteadofaparticularhelpscreen.Fromthere,youcanclicktheContents, Index,orSearchtabintheupperleftcorneroftheCHEMCAD6Helpwindow,and usethesetoolstofindtheinformationyouneed. YoucanalsogodirectlytothemainCHEMCAD6Helpwindowbyselecting Help>HelpTopicsfromtheCHEMCADmainmenu.Regardlessofhowyouopen CHEMCADHelp,italwaysopensinaseparatewindowthatdoesnotinterferewith theoperationoftheCHEMCADprogram.
14
CHEMCAD Coach
TheCHEMCADCoachpaneisatoolthatyoucanopenwithinCHEMCADtoview conciseinstructionsforcommonprocedures.Toseealistofavailabletopics,select Help>CHEMCADCoach.ThenclickonanylinkintheCHEMCADCoachwindow toviewtheinstructionsforaspecifictask.
Procedure Demos
Animateddemonstrationsofcommontasksareavailabletohelpyougetstarted usingtheCHEMCADprogram.Topicscoveredincludethevariousstepsinvolvedin creatingabasicsimulation;proceduresforsimulationsinvolvingbatchreactors,heat exchangersizing,andpiping;controlvalveratingandsizing;creatinganExcelData Map;andupdatingalicensingdongle. ThedemofilesareinstalledalongwithCHEMCAD.Toaccessthesedemos, selectStart>AllPrograms>Chemstations>Demos,andthenbrowsethelistof availabletopics.ClickthebuttonforthedemoyoudliketoviewandthenclickPlay torunthedemo.
The Chemstations Web Site

TofindthemostrecentupdatesoftheCHEMCADsoftware,manuals,andvarious trainingtools,gotowww.chemstations.net.Thereyoullfindthefollowingitems availablefordownload: ThelatestreleaseofCHEMCAD Alistofupdatesimplementedinthemostrecentrelease ThelatestversionofCHEMCAD6.0Help CHEMCAD6.0InteractiveDemos ProgrammingguidesforinterfacingwithCHEMCAD
Contacting Chemstations Technical Support

Ifyouareunabletosolveaproblemorfindtheanswertoaquestionusingthis manualortheothertoolslistedhere,youcancontactChemstationstechnical supportstaffforassistance. Ourtechnicalsupportengineers areavailableviaemail,orbyphone MondaythroughFriday,7:00AM through6:00PMCentralStandard Time.
Phone: FAX: E-mail: 713.978.7700 713.978.7727 support@chemstations.com Toll-free (U.S. and Canada): 800.243.6223
OutsideoftheUnitedStates,pleaseseewww.chemstations.comforregional contactinformation.
15
16
Chapter 3
The CHEMCAD Interface
WiththereleaseofVersion6.0,theCHEMCADinterfacehasundergonequitea transformation.Forthisreason,evenlongtimeusersofCHEMCADwillbenefit fromareviewoftheprogramsscreenlayoutandthelocationofimportantfeatures. ThischaptertakesyouonatouroftheCHEMCADscreen,includingthemenus andtoolbars,themainareasofthescreen,andtheflowsheetdrawingtools.Italso showsyousomewaysthatyoucancustomizethescreenlayoutsothatitbestsuits yourownwayofworking.
The CHEMCAD Window

WhenyoulaunchtheCHEMCADprogramforthefirsttime,youllseeascreenwith alargewhiteareainthemiddleandvariouspanes,orspecializedareas,attheedges ofthescreen.
Workspace CHEMCAD Explorer pane Palette pane
Messages pane
TheCHEMCADInterface
The Workspace
Theareainthemiddleofthescreenisknownastheworkspace.Thisisthemainfocus oftheCHEMCADwindow,theplacewhereyoullbuildandeditflowsheets,view graphs,andrunandtweakprocesssimulations. WhenyoufirstlaunchCHEMCAD,theworkspaceissolidwhite.Whenyoustart tobuildaflowsheetoropenanexistingsimulation,theflowsheetdisplaysinthe workspace. Theworkspaceusestabstoenableyoutoswitchbetweenyouropensimulation andanyopenExcelDataMapsand/ordataplots.Atthebottomoftheworkspace area,youllseeoneormoretabswheneverasimulationisopen.Eachtabincludesa buttonmarkedwithanX;tocloseanytab,firstclickthetabandthenclicktheX button.
Figure 3-01: The bottom of the workspace area, showing several tabs and their
buttons
Notethatanytimeyouveclosedasimulationandhaventyetopenedanother one,theworkspacedisplaysasablankgrayspace.
The CHEMCAD Explorer Pane

AlongtheleftedgeoftheCHEMCADwindow,youllseeanareawithatitlebarat thetopthatreadsCHEMCADExplorer.AtthebottomoftheCHEMCADExplorer panearethreetabscalledRecentFiles,Simulation,andVisualBasic.Toviewthe contentsofatab,simplyclickitsname.
Figure 3-02: CHEMCAD Explorer tabs
TheCHEMCADExplorertabsarepresentedinwhatsknownasatreeformat, withitemsorganizedintoamultilevelhierarchy.Thedefaultviewshowsonlytop levelitems,butyoucanexpandeachitemtoviewsecondlevelitems,thirdlevel items,andsoforth. Attheleftofeachtoplevelitemisasmallboxwithaplussign.Toexpandan item,clicktheplussign.Twothingshappensimultaneouslywhenyouclick:thetree expandstoshowthatitemscontents,andtheplussignbecomesaminussign.You canhide(orcollapse)thelowerlevelitemsagainbyclickingtheminussign,which thenturnsbackintoaplussign.Figure303showsanexampleofaCHEMCAD Exploreritemincollapsedandexpandedview.
18
TheCHEMCADInterface
Figure 3-03: Clicking the plus sign to expand an item (left); the resulting view (right)
ExpandingandcollapsingitemsintheCHEMCADExplorertabsisonewaythat youcanmakethebestuseofyourscreenspacewhenworkinginCHEMCAD.
The Recent Files Tab

TheRecentFilestabisselectedbydefaultwhenyoufirstlaunchCHEMCAD.This tablistsallofthesimulationfilesthatyouhaveopenedlately,startingwiththemost recent.WhenyoufirstinstallCHEMCAD,thelistisempty,butwithevery simulationthatyouopennewfilesorexistingonessuchasbuiltinexamplesthe listwillgrow,providingconvenientaccesstofilesthatyouusefrequently. ToopenasimulationfromtheRecentFileslist,simplydoubleclickonthefile nameinthelist.
The Simulation Tab

TheSimulationtabdisplaysbydefaultanytimeasimulationisopen.Itprovidesa seriesofshortcutstocommoncommandsandsettings,including: Components:Includesoneclickaccesstocomponent,electrolyte,andsolids selection,aswellasdistillationcurves Thermodynamics:Providesquickaccesstothermodynamicsettingsand transportproperties Flowsheet:AllowsquickeditingofUnitOpandstreamdata DataMaps:EnablesyoutocreateorsetexecutionrulesforaDataMap withoutusingthemenu
19
TheCHEMCADInterface
Groups:ProvidesaneasywaytocategorizeUnitOps,streams,and components Layers:Allowsselectedpartsoftheflowsheettobedisplayedorhiddenfor viewingandprinting Templates:StoresandorganizesstreamandUnitOpspecificationsthatyou cancloneforreuse
Expandanyoftheseitemstoseeandusespecificfeatures,whicharedescribedin furtherdetailintheappropriatechaptersofthisuserguide.
The Visual Basic Tab

IfyouuseVisualBasictocustomizeCHEMCAD,thistabprovidesquickandeasy accesstoyourVisualBasiccode.YoucanexpandtheReactions,Properties,or UnitOpsitemtoviewavailablesubroutinesforthatcategory.Clickingthenameofa subroutineopensaVisualBasiceditorinaseparatewindow.
The Palette Pane

AlongtherightsideoftheCHEMCADwindowisapanetitledPalette,whichisa repositoryforthevariousunitoperationiconsandothertoolsneededtodraw flowsheets.
Selecting a Palette
TheseUnitOpiconsandtoolsaregroupedintopalettesaccordingtofunctionor equipmenttype.ThedefaultpaletteiscalledAllUnitOps,anditincludesevery availableUnitOpiconanddrawingtool.Toselectadifferentpalette,simplyclickits titlebar.Theselectedpaletteexpandsinplace,asshowninFigure304.
Figure 3-04: The expanded Piping and Flow palette
20
TheCHEMCADInterface
Customizing Palettes
AtthetopofthePalettepaneisafieldcalledSearchforUnitOp(s).Typeasearch termhereandthenclickGo!tolocatealloftheUnitOpiconsassociatedwiththat term.TheresultsfromthesearchappearinanewpaletteatthebottomofthePalette pane.Figure305showsthesearchresultsforthewordvessel.
Figure 3-05: Search results showing all vessel UnitOps
PerformingaUnitOpsearchcreateswhatisknownasauseraddedpalette.This typeofpaletteisdesignatedwithaspecialiconattheleftendofthepaletteheading. Thepalettecontainingyoursearchresultsremainsavailableuntilyouclose CHEMCAD.Youcanmakeyouruseraddedpaletteavailablepermanentlybyright clickingthenewpalettestitlebarandselectingSave.
Figure 3-06: Saving search results for future use
21
TheCHEMCADInterface
Youcandothefollowingwithuseraddedpalettes: Renameanyuseraddedpalettebyrightclickingitstitlebarandselecting Rename.Intheresultingdialogbox,typethenameyouwantandthenclick OK. Deleteauseraddedpaletteatanytimebyrightclickingandselecting Remove. AddindividualUnitOpsortoolstoanexistinguseraddedpalette.Simply rightclicktheiconfortheitemyouwanttoadd,selectInsertintoPalette, andthenclickthenameoftheuseraddedpalette. Removeanitemfromauseraddedpalettebyrightclickingtheiconand selectingRemovefromPalette. Createauseraddedpalettewithoutasearch.Rightclickthefirsticonthat youdliketoincludeonanewpaletteandselectInsertintoPalette>New Palette.TypeanameintheresultingdialogboxandclickOK.Thenaddas manyothericonsasyoudlikeusingthemethoddescribedjustabove.
Youcannotchangethenameoriconselectionforabuiltinpalette,asyoucan withauseraddedpalette.Youcan,however,makeacopyofabuiltinpalette, renamethecopy,andthenaddanddeleteiconsuntilthepalettehasjustwhatyou want. Tocopyanypalette(whetherbuiltinoruseradded),simplyrightclickthe paletteheadingandselectSaveCopyAs.Typeanameforthenewpaletteandclick OK.
The Messages Pane

TheMessagespaneislocatedatthebottomedgeoftheCHEMCADworkspace.At thebottomofthispanearethreetabs:ErrorsandWarnings,RunTrace,andNotes.
The Errors and Warnings Tab

Thistabdisplaysarunninglistoferrorandwarningmessagesthathavebeen generatedwhilethecurrentsimulationfilehasbeenopen.Theoldestmessages displayatthetopofthelist.Whentherearetoomanycumulativemessagesto displayinthepane,themostrecentmessagesdisplayandtheoldermessagesscroll offthetopedgeofthepane.Ifneeded,youcanusetheverticalscrollbarontheright sideofthepanetoscrollupandreviewearliermessages.
The Run Trace Tab

ThistabdisplaysdiagnosticmessagesfromeachUnitOpeachtimeasimulationis run.Thisinformationishelpfulintroubleshootingasimulationthatisnotworking properly. ThetextontheRunTracetabisnotsavedwiththesimulation,butrefresheswith eachrunandclearswhenyouclosethesimulation.
22 CHEMCADVersion6UserGuide
TheCHEMCADInterface
The Notes Tab

Thistabprovidesahandyplacetostoreadditionalinformation,intextform,about thesimulation.Youcanuseittolistanydetailsaboutthesimulation,suchasits originandanyassumptionsthatarebeingmade. Anynotesthatyouaddorchangearesavedaspartofthesimulation.Todelete textfromanote,simplyclickanddragtoselectthetextandthenpress[DELETE]on yourkeyboard.
The Main Menu

ThemainCHEMCADmenuislocatedjustunderthetitlebaratthetopofthe programwindow.SomeitemsonthemainmenuarecommontonearlyallWindows programsnamelyFile,Edit,Format,andHelpwhileothermenuitemssuchas ThermophysicalandSizingaremorespecifictochemicalprocesssimulation. Touseamenucommand,clicktherelevantmainmenuitemandthenclickthe commandinthedropdownlistthatappears. Toexecutemenucommandswithoutusingthemouse,youcanholddownthe [ALT]keyonyourkeyboardasyoupresstheletterkeythatcorrespondstothe underlinedletterinthedesiredmenuitem,forexample[ALTF]fortheFilemenu. Youcanthenusetheupanddownarrowkeystoselectanitemonthemenuand press[ENTER]toexecutetheselectedcommand.
The Toolbar
TheCHEMCADtoolbarprovidesbuttonsthatarecommontomostWindows applications,suchasNew,Open,Save,andPrint,alongwithbuttonsthatare specifictochemicalprocesssimulation. Todiscovertheuseofaparticularbutton,simplypointyourmousecursoratthe buttonandwatchforthetooltiptoappear,asshowninFigure307.
Figure 3-07: Viewing a buttons tooltip
Toolbarbuttonsprovidequick,oneclickaccesstofrequentlyusedcommands thatarealsoavailableviatheCHEMCADmenus.
Customizing the CHEMCAD Screen

WhenyoufirstinstallCHEMCAD,thescreenislaidoutwiththeCHEMCAD Explorerpaneontheleft,thePalettepaneontheright,andtheMessagespanebelow theworkspace.
23
TheCHEMCADInterface
Ifhavingalloftheseitemsvisibleleavesyoulessworkspacethanyouwould prefer,orifthelocationofoneormorepanesislessthanoptimalforthewaythat youwork,youcanhideormovepanestocustomizeyourCHEMCADscreen.
Viewing and Hiding Screen Elements

YoucanvieworhideanyoftheCHEMCADscreenspanes,aswellasgroupsof toolbarbuttons,tomakeoptimaluseofyourscreenspace. Totoggleapaneonoroff,selecttheViewmenuandthenchooseCHEMCAD Explorer,Palette,orMessages.Itemswithacheckmarkarecurrentlydisplayed, whileitemswithnocheckmarkarecurrentlyhidden.Youcanalsochoosetoviewor hidethestatusbaratthebottomoftheCHEMCADwindow. Toselectivelyvieworhidegroupsoftoolbarbuttons,selectView>Toolbars.In theToolbarsdialogbox,eachgroupofbuttonsislistedunderadescriptivename; initially,allofthesegroupshavecheckmarks,indicatingthattheyarecurrently displayed.Tohideanygroupofbuttons,clicktoremovethecheckmarkandthen clickClosetoreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Resizing and Moving Items

Nowthatyouhavedeterminedwhichpanesandtoolbarbuttongroupstodisplay, youcanfurthercustomizeyourCHEMCADwindowtodetermineexactlywhere eachoftheseitemswillappear.
Resizing a Pane
Thesimplestwaytoaltertheappearanceofapaneistoresizeit.Youcanmakethe CHEMCADExplorerandPalettepaneswiderornarrower,ormaketheMessages paneshorterortaller,bymovingtheinsideedge,orwall,ofthepanetowardor awayfromtheedgeofthemainwindow. Toresizeapane,startbypositioningyourmousecursorattheinsidewallofthe panethatis,therightedgeoftheCHEMCADExplorerpane,theleftedgeofthe Palettepane,orthetopedgeoftheMessagespane.Whenthecursorisinthecorrect positionforresizing,thenormalpointerwillbereplacedwithatwoheadedarrow asshowninFigure308.
Figure 3-08: The two-headed arrow cursor used for resizing panes
24
TheCHEMCADInterface
Whenyouseethetwoheadedarrow,clickanddraginthedirectionyouwantto movethepanewall.Athickgraylineshowsapreviewofthenewpanesize;when youreleasethemousebutton,theresizedpaneappears.
Moving a Pane
Inadditiontoresizing,youcanalsomoveanyofthepanesintheCHEMCAD window,eithertoadifferentedgeofthescreenortothemiddleofthescreen.You canalsomovegroupsofbuttonsfromtheirdefaultpositionsonthetoolbar. Initially,allofthepanesandbuttongroupsaredocked,meaningthattheyare snappedintoanedgeofthescreenorthetoolbararea.Whenyouundockanitem, youcanputitinthelocationofyourchoosing,awayfromthescreenedge. Toundockapane,clickanddragthepanestitlebar,thatis,thebluebaratthe topofthepanethatshowsthepanename.Toundockabuttongroup,youllneedto clickanddragtherowoffourdotsrunningalongtheleftedgeoftheleftmostbutton inthegroup.
Note:InthecaseoftheMessagespane,thetitlebarrunsalongtheleftedgeofthe
pane,andthenameisnotvisiblewhenthepaneisdocked. Ifyoudragthepaneorbuttongroupintotheworkspacearea,youllseeagray boxrepresentingthepositiontheitemwilloccupywhenyoureleasethemouse button.Ifyoudontlikethenewposition,youcanclicktheitemstitlebaranddrag itelsewhere,includingitsoriginalposition. Youcanalsodockapanetoadifferentedgeofthescreen,ormovebutton groupsaroundwithinthetoolbararea,insteadofundockingtheseitems.
Pinning and Unpinning Panes

Inadditiontomovingandresizingthevariouspanes,theresanotherwaythatyou cancustomizeyourCHEMCADscreen:pinningandunpinningtheCHEMCAD ExplorerandPalettepanes. Thesetwopanescantakeupafairamountofhorizontalscreenspace,and makingthemverynarrowisntanidealwaytowork.Pinningandunpinning provideawaytoviewfullwidthCHEMCADExplorerandPalettepaneswhenyou needthesetools,whilealsofreeingupspacewhenyouarentusingthem. Whenevereitherofthesepanesisdockedatanedgeofthescreen,itisinoneof twostates: Pinned,meaningthatthepaneisalwaysvisible Unpinned,meaningthatthepaneismostlyhiddenfromview,andappearsonly ondemand
Bydefault,allCHEMCADpanesareinitiallypinnedinplace.Youcanchooseto unpinapaneifyouprefertohavesomeextraspaceonthescreen.Tounpinapane,
TheCHEMCADInterface
findthetinypushpiniconinthepanestitlebar,nexttotheXiconthatenablesyou toclosethepane.Ifthepaneisstationary,youllseethatthepinisuprightwithits pointdown.
Figure 3-09: The icon indicating a pinned, or stationary, pane
Ifyouclickthepinicon,thepanesuddenlydisappearsfromviewbutitisnt gone.Instead,asmallgraytabbearingthenameofthepaletteappearsattheedgeof thescreenwherethepaneisdocked.Toseethepanereappear,youonlyhavetoroll yourmouseoverthattab.Whenthepaneappears,youllnoticethatthepushpin iconisnowpointedtotheside.UsethetoolsontheCHEMCADExplorerorPalette normally;then,whenyounolongerneedthepane,justmovethemousepointer elsewhere.Thepanewillautomaticallyhideitselfuntilthenexttimeyourollthe mouseoverthetab.
Figure 3-10: An unpinned pane in use; note the sideways pin icon
Torepinanunpinnedpane,pointtothetabtomakethepaneappearandthen clickthepinicon.Thepinturnssothatitisonceagainupright,andthepaneisonce againapermanentfixtureontheCHEMCADscreen.
Other Useful Interface Hints

ThefollowingarehelpfulitemsthatcanhelptomakeyourCHEMCADexperience easierandmoreefficient.
Undo and Redo

AswithmostWindowsbasedprograms,CHEMCADallowsyoutobackoutof actionsyouhavejusttakenwhileworkingwithafile.YoucanusetheUndo commandtonegatethelastchangeyoumade;simplyselectEdit>Undo,orusethe keycombination[CTRLZ]. YoucanusetheUndocommandtoretractuptothelast99actionsthatyou performedsincethelasttimeyouopenedthecurrentsimulationfile.
Visible Grid
Youcanturnonaworkspacegridtouseasaguidewhilecreatingyourflowsheet. SelectView>GridVisibletotogglethisfeatureonoroff.
TheCHEMCADInterface
OthergridoptionsincludeView>SnaptoGrid,whichhelpswithalignmentof objectsontheflowsheet,andView>ChangeGridSize,whichenablesyouto customizethehorizontalandverticalspacingofgridlines.
Adjusting Your View of the Workspace

TheView>ZoomOptionsmenuoffersawholeseriesofoptionsformovingand resizingyourviewoftheCHEMCADworkspace. SelectIntoviewtheworkspacefromcloserin,orOuttoviewfromfartheraway. SelecteitherInataPointorOutataPoint,andthenclickapointonthe workspace,tozoominoroutwiththatpointasafocus. SelectZoomRectangle,andthenclickanddragontheworkspace,todesignatea specificareathatyouwanttoview. SelectZoomPercentagetochooseaspecificdisplaysizefortheworkspace. SelectZoomtoFittoviewatthelargestsizethatstillpermitsalloftheexisting flowsheetelementstoremaininthevisibleworkspace.
Ifyourcomputermouseisequippedwithascrollwheelbetweentheleftand rightmousebuttons,youcanzoominandoutontheCHEMCADworkspacewitha touchofyourfinger.Tozoomin,rollthewheelupthatis,pushyourfingertip away,towardthetopedgeofthemouse.Tozoomout,rollthewheeldowntoward thebottomofyourmouse,pullingyourfingertiptowardyourpalm.

Note:Whenyouzoominandoutusingthescrollwheel,thefocalpointforthezoom
isthelocationofthemousepointer.
The CHEMCAD Coach Pane

TheCHEMCADCoachpaneisnotdisplayedbydefault,butyoucanaccessitatany timebyselectingHelp>CHEMCADCoach.ThepurposeofCHEMCADCoachisto provideconciseinstructionsforcommonprocedures.Ifyouvelearnedhowto performacommonprocedureinCHEMCADbuthaveforgottentheexactmenu commandtouse,CHEMCADCoachcanhelpjogyourmemoryandputyouonthe righttrack. YoucandragtheCHEMCADCoachwindowtoanylocationonthescreen, simplybyclickinganddraggingthetitlebaratthetopofthewindow. IfyouhavefinishedusingtheCHEMCADCoachtoolandwanttocloseit,just clicktheClosebutton(theredX)intheupperrightcorneroftheCHEMCADCoach window.NotethatifthemainCHEMCADwindowwasmaximizedbeforeyou openedtheCHEMCADCoachtool,youmayneedtomaximizetheCHEMCAD windowagaintorestoreittofullscreensize.
27
TheCHEMCADInterface
28
Chapter 4
Working with Simulation Files
AlloftheworkthatyoudowithCHEMCADisstoredinsimulationfiles.Withthe adventofCHEMCAD6,eachdiscretesimulationispackagedintoasinglefilethatis portableandeasytohandle.AllthedetailsofthesimulationfromUnitOp specificationstostreamcompositiontothermodynamicsareincludedinthisfile. ThischapterdescribesthevariouswaysthatyoucanaccessandmanageCHEMCAD simulationfiles.
About CHEMCAD Simulation Files

SimulationscreatedinCHEMCAD6usethefileextension.CC6,whichdistinguishes themfromotherfilesonyourcomputer,includingsimulationfilescreatedusing earlierversionsofCHEMCAD. Oneofthemostnotabledifferencesbetween.CC6filesandpredecessorssuchas .CCXfilesistheirportability.A.CC6simulationfileisaseasytoworkwith, transport,andshareasanMSWorddocumentoranExcelspreadsheet.Whereas CHEMCADsimulationsoncerequiredextrastepsbeforetheycouldbeemailedor moved,simulationscreatedwithCHEMCAD6canbehandledasstandalonefiles.
29
WorkingwithSimulationFiles
Figure 4-01: Stand-alone CHEMCAD 6 files in the My Simulations directory
User Components in CHEMCAD

AnotherdeparturefrompreviousversionsofCHEMCADisthatsimulations arenowselfcontainedwithrespecttothedataneededtorunthem.Allcustom componentsthatyoucreatearestoredinadatabasesothatyoucanusethemin manydifferentsimulations.Usercomponentsarealsostoredwithinthesimulations thatusethem,soyounolongerhavetoworryaboutlosingusercomponentswhen movingasimulationfromplacetoplace. Eachtimeyouopenasimulation,CHEMCADcomparesanyusercomponentsin thesimulationwiththecopiesofthosesamecomponentsinthedatabase.Ifthetwo copiesdonotmatch,youwillbeofferedachoice:youcankeepusingthelocalcopy storedinthesimulation,orusetheupdatedcopyfromthedatabase. YourcopyofCHEMCADcannowhavemultipleuserdatabases,andevenshare themonnetworkswithotherusers.Tolearnmoreaboutusercomponentsandbest practicesformanagingandsecuringusercomponentdatabases,seeChapter10, CustomizingCHEMCAD.
Example Files
EspeciallyifyourenewtoCHEMCAD,itsagoodideatoopenandpractice workingwithsomeexamplefilesbeforecreatingyourownsimulations.Forthis purpose,wevecreatednumerousexamplesofsimulationsfortypicalchemical processes.Youcanopen,view,andeditanyexamplefile,andevensaveacopyin anotherlocationtojumpstartasimulationofyourown. TheCHEMCADexamplefilesareautomaticallycopiedtoyourcomputerwitha completeCHEMCADinstallation.Theexamplesareorganizedbyprocesstypeand locatedinthe\MyDocuments\MySimulations\Examplesdirectory.
30
Opening an Existing Simulation

SelectFile>OpentobringuptheOpendialogbox.Navigatetothefolderwherethe simulationislocated,selecttheappropriate.CC6file,andclickOpen. IfyouuseCHEMCADonanetworkandsharefileswithotherusers,itspossible thatyoucouldtrytoopenasimulationthatisalreadyopenforeditingbyanother user.Ifyoushouldattempttoopenasimulationthatisunavailableforediting,a messageboxwillappear.Youcanchoosetosavethesimulationwithanewname and/orlocation,openareadonlycopyofthesimulation,orcanceltheopen operation.
Figure 4-02: Notification that a simulation is already in use
Ifyoushouldhavetroublelocatingaparticularsimulation,youcansearchyour harddriveornetworkforallfileswitha.CC6fileextension.
Creating a New Simulation

WhenyoufirstopenCHEMCAD,youllseeablanksimulationwindowand [Untitled]inthetitlebar. Youcanbeginbuildingyoursimulationrightaway,butitsrecommendedthat yousaveandnamethesimulationbeforeyouproceedveryfar.Thelongeryouwait tosavethesimulation,themoreyourisklosingyourworkifanunforeseen computerornetworkproblemshouldoccur. Ifyoualreadyhaveasimulationfileopenandwanttostartanewsimulation, firstsaveyourworkifapplicable.ThenselectFile>NeworclicktheNewtoolbar button,toclosethecurrentfileandbringupanewblanksimulationscreen.Note thatifyouhaveunsavedchangesinyourexistingfile,CHEMCADwillaskyouto saveordiscardyourchangesbeforeopeningthenewsimulation.
31
Saving a Simulation
Tosaveallchangesinasimulationthatyouhavealreadynamed,selectFile>Save orclicktheSavebuttononthetoolbar.
Note:Insomecases,suchasthebuiltinCHEMCADexamplefiles,existingfilesmay
besetasreadonlytopreventaccidentaloverwriting.Youcansaveacopyofaread onlyfileusingadifferentfilenameand/orfilelocation. Tosaveanewsimulationthatyouhaventyetnamed,selectFile>SaveAs.The SaveAsdialogboxappears,withCHEMCAD6(*.cc6)asthedefaultfiletype.Leave thefiletypeasitis,givethefileauniquename,andifnecessarynavigatetoanew filelocation.ClickSavetoclosethedialogboxandreturntothesavedsimulation.
Figure 4-03: Giving a new simulation a unique name
Note:UnlikepreviousversionsofCHEMCAD,thechangesyoumaketoasimulation
arenotsaveduntilyouusetheSaveorSaveAscommand.Thisoffersyougreater flexibilityinchoosingwhichchangestosaveordiscard. Savingandstoringallofyoursimulationsinthesamedirectoryhelpsprevent thelosttimeandfrustrationthatcanresultwhenfilesarescatteredindifferent locations.ItisrecommendedthatyoustoreyoursimulationsintheMySimulations folder,whichiscreatedautomaticallywithintheMyDocumentsfolderat installation.
Saving Different Cases for the Same Simulation

Incertainsituations,youmayneedtocreateagroupofsimulationsthatarenearly identicaltooneanother;previousversionsofCHEMCADreferredtosuchgroupsof similarsimulationsascases.InCHEMCAD6,eachsimulationisafreestandingfile, butyoucanstilleasilyclonesimulationsandmakeminorchangesforcomparison cases.
32
Todothis,simplycreateasimulation,saveit,andthenselectFile>SaveAsto renamethenextcase.Maketheneededchangesforthatcase,saveit,andcontinuein thatveintocreateasmanyclonesofyouroriginalsimulationasneeded,with whateverdifferencesyourequire.
E-mailing a Simulation
WithCHEMCAD6,emailingasimulationisasimplematterofaddingafile attachment.Justopenyourpreferredemailprogram,createanewmessage,choose yourrecipientsandaddyourtext,thenusetheprogramscommandforattachinga file.Navigatetothefolderwherethesimulationislocated,selecttheappropriate .CC6file,andaddthefileasanattachment.
Figure 4-04: Adding a .CC6 file as an attachment in MS Outlook
Beforeyouemailasimulation,youshouldensurethatyouhavesavedany recentchanges.Also,itsagoodideatocheckthesizeofthefilebeforeaddingthe attachment,assimulationfilescaninsomecasesbequitelarge.
Working with CHEMCAD Files from Previous Versions

YoucanuseCHEMCAD6toopensimulationsthatwereoriginallycreatedwith CHEMCAD5.Whenyoudothis,CHEMCADcreatesacopyoftheoriginal simulation,andmakesthatcopycompatiblewithallCHEMCAD6functionality.The flowsheetandsimulationdatainthecopyarenotalteredinanyway,andthe originalfileisleftintact.
33
TobringanexistingsimulationuptodatewithCHEMCAD6,selectFile>Open, selectthesimulation,andclickOpen.Amessagewillappear,notifyingyouthatthe simulationwillbecopied.
Figure 4-05: Converting a CHEMCAD 5 file to the .CC6 format
ClickSavetobringuptheSaveAsdialogbox,whereyoucaneitherkeepor changethefilesnameandselectalocationfortheCHEMCAD6copy.ClickSaveto createandopenthenewfile.
34
Chapter 5 Building and Using a Basic Simulation
AlthoughthetypesofsimulationsyoucancreateusingCHEMCADaremanyand varied,thebasicprocedureforcreatingasimulationcanbebrokendownintothe followingcommonsteps: 1. Startanewsimulation. 2. Selectengineeringunitsforthesimulation. 3. Createaflowsheetwiththeappropriatestreamsandunitoperations. 4. Selectchemicalcomponentsfortheprocess. 5. SelectKvalueandenthalpyoptionsfortheprocess. 6. Definethefeedstreamsusedintheprocess. 7. Enterspecificationsfortheunitoperations. 8. Runthesimulation. 9. Reviewtheresultsofthesimulation.
Starting a New Simulation

LaunchCHEMCADandthenselectFile>SaveAs.IntheSaveAsdialogbox, specifyanameandlocationforthesimulationfile. WhenyoufirstinstallCHEMCAD,thedefaultlocationforsavingnew simulationsisafoldercalledMySimulations,locatedwithinyourcomputersMy Documentsfolder.Youcansaveyournewsimulationtothatfolder,ortoany accessibledirectoryonyourcomputerornetwork.AsyoullnoticeintheSaveAs dialogbox,thefileextensionforCHEMCADsimulationfilesis.CC6.
BuildingandUsingaBasicSimulation
Selecting Engineering Units

Tospecifyengineeringunitsforthissimulation,selectFormat>EngineeringUnits. ThisbringsuptheEngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,whereyoucanselectthe unitstobeusedforeverythingfromtimeandtemperaturetosurfacetension.The majorityoftheoptionsinthisdialogboxarelocatedontheUnitsselectiontab,but youcanclickasecondtabcalledOptionsandreferencesformoreoptions. ThebuttonsalongthebottomoftheUnitsselectiontabenableyoutosetallof theunitstoEnglish,alternativeSI,SI,ormetric.Ifyourdesiredunitsdonotfitneatly intooneofthesecategories,youcanchoosetheclosestoneandthenmanuallyselect differentunitsforanyitemsyoulike. Ifyoudofindyourselfcustomizingyourlistofunits,youcansaveyour selectionsasaset,orprofile,thatyoucanquicklyduplicateforfuturesimulations.To dothis,firstsetalloftheunitsthewayyouwantthem,thentypeanameforthis profileandclicktheSaveProfilebutton. YoumaynotnoticeanythinghappeningwhenyouclickSaveProfile,butyou canverifythatyournewprofilehasbeensavedbyclickingtheLoadProfilebutton. Thisisthebuttonthatyouwilluseforfuturesimulations,toapplyyourcustom unitsprofilewithasingleclick.YoushouldseeaSelectItemscreenthatshowsthe nameyougavetheprofile.IfyouclicktheprofilenameandthenclickOK,youll loadyourcustomunitsprofile. BackontheEngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,clickOKtoapplyyour engineeringunitselectionsandcontinuecreatingyoursimulation.
Drawing the Flowsheet

Tocreatetheflowsheetforyoursimulation,youllneedtoaddtheappropriateunit operationiconstoyourworkspaceandconnectthoseUnitOpstooneanotherwith streams.ThisconnectedgroupofstreamsandUnitOpsformsthebasisforthe simulation. ThetoolsfordrawingaflowsheetarelocatedinthePalettepane,whichby defaultdisplaysontherightmarginoftheCHEMCADwindow.ThePalettepaneis dividedintoUnitOpcategories,oryoucanviewalloftheavailableUnitOpiconsat onceusingtheAllUnitOpsview.
Adding UnitOps
ToplaceaUnitOpicononyourflowsheet,followthesesteps: 1. OntheAllUnitOpspalette,findtheappropriateUnitOpiconforthe equipmentyouwanttorepresent.Whenyoupointtotheiconwiththe mouse,theboxaroundtheiconlightsup.ClicktheicontoselecttheUnitOp. 2. Moveyourmousecursortotheworkspacearea,notingthatthepointer displaysanoutlineoftheUnitOpiconyouveselected.Pointtothelocation
ontheworkspacewhereyouwanttoplacetheselectedUnitOp,andthen clickandreleasetheleftmousebutton.TheiconfortheselectedUnitOp appearswhereyouclicked. 3. RightclicktodeselecttheUnitOpdrawingtoolandreturntoanormal pointer.Youcannowclickintheworkspaceareawithoutdrawingduplicate UnitOps.
Selecting a Default Icon for a UnitOp

ForcertainUnitOps,youcanselectadefaulticontocustomizethewaythattypeof equipmentlooksonyourflowsheet.
Note:Iconsthatarealreadyinplaceontheflowsheetwillnotbeaffectedwhenyou
selectanewdefaulticon. YoucanseewhichiconsofferthisfeaturebymovingyourcursorovertheAll UnitOpspalette,notingtheboxesthatlightuparoundtheicons.AUnitOpthat offersachoiceofdefaulticonswillhaveablacktriangleinthelowerrightcorner whenyoupointtoitsbox.
Figure 5-01: Black triangle showing that the Divider UnitOp offers a choice of icons
ToselectanewdefaulticonforaUnitOp,clicktheblacktriangletoseeapopup selectionboxwithallavailableicons.Clicktheiconyouwanttouse;thaticon replacesthepreviouslydisplayedicononthepalette.Youcanchangethedefault iconforaUnitOpasoftenasyoulike.
Figure 5-02: Selecting a new default Divider UnitOp icon
37
Manipulating UnitOp Icons

AfterdrawingaUnitOpicononaflowsheet,youcanmove,resize,ordeletetheicon asneeded. 1. Verifythatthemousepointercurrentlydisplayedisanormalarrow.Ifthe pointerdisplaysasaUnitOpiconoutline,rightclicktoturnoffUnitOp drawing. 2. ClicktheUnitOpiconsothatitsfoursizinghandles(blackboxesateach corner)appear. 3. ManipulatetheUnitOpiconasneeded: TomovetheUnitOp,clicktheiconanddragtoitsnewlocation. ToresizetheUnitOp,clickanysizinghandleanddraginwardor outwardtoachievethedesiredsize. TodeletetheUnitOp,rightclickandselectDelete,orsimplypressthe [DELETE]keyonyourkeyboard.
Drawing and Connecting a Stream

Beforeyoucanaddastreamtoaflowsheet,youmustalreadyhavedrawnthe UnitOpsthatthestreamwillconnect.Followthesestepstoaddastream: 1. ClicktheStreamtoolintheupperrightcorneroftheAllUnitOpspalette. 2. Movethecursorontotheworkspace,notingthatthepointernowappearsas asmallplussign.FindtheiconfortheUnitOpwherethestreamwillstart, andpointattheiconsothattheblueinletdotsandredoutletdotsarevisible. IfthisUnitOpoffersmorethanoneoutletlocation,decidewhichoneyouwill use. 3. Pointattheredoutletdotsothatthepointerturnsintoasmallblackarrow. Clickandreleasetheleftmousebuttontostartdrawingthestream. 4. MovethecursortowardtheUnitOpwherethestreamwillend.Asyou approachtheUnitOpicon,theinletandoutletdotsonthaticonwillbecome visible.Ifmorethanoneinletlocationisavailable,decidewhichoneyouwill use. 5. Whenyoureachtheblueinletdot,clickthemouseagaintocompletethe stream. Afteryoudrawastream,theStreamtoolremainsactivesothatyoucandraw anotherstreamrightawayifdesired.Toturnoffstreamdrawing,simplyclickon anyblankareaoftheworkspace;thisreturnsyourpointertothenormalwhite arrow,whichyoucanusetoselectandmanipulateitemsontheflowsheet.
38
Choosing a Stream Route

IfyoudrawastreambyclickingonlyattheUnitOpoutletandinlet,CHEMCAD choosestheshortestandmostdirectpathforthestream.Insomesituationswhena UnitOpisinthedirectpathofthestream,forexampleyouwillneedtochoosea deliberaterouteforyourstream. Todothis,clickthemouseasyoumovefromoutlettoinlet,whereveryouwant thestreamtomakeaturn.Eachtimeyouclick,thestreamfreezesinplace,andfrom thereyoucanmakea90turntoeithertheleftortheright.Youcanaddasmany detoursasyouliketoastreambeforebringingitintoaUnitOpinlet.
Figure 5-03: Stream 2 with automatic routing (above) and deliberate routing (below)
Rerouting a Stream
Evenafteryouvecompletedyourflowsheetandaddeddetailedinformationabout yourstreams,youcanstillrerouteastreamifneeded.Todothis,clickthestreamto selectit,thenrightclickandselectReroutestream.Theoldstreamdisappears, replacedbythebeginningofanewstreamoriginatingatthesameoutlet. Youcannowclicktocreate90turns,thesamewayyouwouldwithanew stream,toroutethestreamexactlywhereyouwantit.Yourlastclickmustcomplete thestreamatthesameinletyouusedbefore.Afterastreamisrerouted,itretainsall ofthestreamdetailthatyouhadpreviouslyentered.
39
Other Drawing Tools

InadditiontotheStreamtoolandthevariousUnitOpicons,thePalettepaneoffersa texttool,aswellastoolsfordrawingrectangles,ellipses,lines,multipartlines,and polygons.
The Text Tool

Toplacetextonaflowsheet,selecttheTexttool(whichdisplaysalargeletterT)on theAllUnitOpspalette.Whenyoumoveyourcursorovertheworkspace,youll nowseethatyourpointerhasbecomeaverticalline.Clickthemousetoplacea blinkingcursorontheflowsheet. Starttypingthetextthatyouwanttoadd.Youwillseethetextappearwherever youclickedthemouse.Whenyoufinish,clickanywhereintheworkspacetoturnoff theTexttool. Youcannowclickanddragyournewblockoftextaroundtheworkspace.You canalsoselectFormat>ColororFormat>Fonttoaccessvariousstandardtextand objectformattingtools.
Simple Drawing Tools: Rectangle, Ellipse, and Line

Youcandrawvariousshapesasneededonaflowsheet.Thesimplestoftheseshapes todrawarerectangles,ellipses,andlines. Toaddanyoftheseshapestoaflowsheet,simplyclickthecorrespondingtoolin theAllUnitOpspalette.Then,thenclickanddragintheworkspacetodrawthe shape,releasingthemousebuttonwhenyouhaveachievedthedesiredsizeand shape. Notethattomakeaperfectsquareorcircle,youcanholddownthe[SHIFT]key asyoudrawwiththeRectangleorEllipsetool,respectively.
Complex Drawing Tools: Multi-line and Polygon

Inadditiontothesestraightforward,clickanddragshapes,youcanalsocreatemore complexshapesandlinesonaflowsheet. Tocreateanyopenfigurewithanirregularshape,selecttheMultilinetoolin theAllUnitOpspalette.Moveyourcursortotheworkspaceandclickinthearea whereyouwanttostartdrawing.Thenmovethecursorandclickagaintocreatethe shapesfirstline.Keepclickingandmovingthemouseuntilyouvecreatedthe shapeyouwant,andthendoubleclicktocompletetheshapeandturnofftheMulti linetool. Tocreateanirregularclosedpolygon,selectthePolygontoolandthenmove yourcursortotheworkspace.Clickwhereyouwanttostartdrawing,andthenclick asecondtimetocreatethefirstsideofyourpolygon.Afterthesecondclick,youll begintoseetheopenareabeingcreated.Continuemovingthecursorandclicking untilyouarereadytoplaceyourlastpoint,andthendoubleclicktocompletethe shapeandturnoffthePolygontool.
Notethatyoucanholddownthe[SHIFT]keywhileusingthePolygontoolto createarighttriangle.
Selecting Chemical Components

Youcanselectchemicalcomponentsforyoursimulationatanypointwhilecreating theflowsheet,oryoucanwaituntilyouvedrawntheentireflowsheetbeforeadding components.Beforeyoucanrunthesimulation,youwillneedtolistevery componentinvolvedinyourchemicalprocesssothatCHEMCADcanworkwith thosecomponentsproperties. ThesechemicalcomponentsarepulledfromCHEMCADscomponentdatabase,a masterlistofthousandsofchemicalswiththeirassociatedproperties.Whenyoure readytolistcomponentsforyoursimulation,selectThermophysical>Select ComponentstoopentheSelectComponentsdialogbox.
Figure 5-04: The Select Components dialog box
TheAvailableComponentscolumnliststhecontentsoftheCHEMCAD componentdatabase,whiletheSelectedComponentscolumnliststhecomponents currentlyincludedinthissimulation.Foranewsimulation,theSelected Componentslistisemptyatfirst. Everychemicalthatwillbepartoftheprocess,whetheritsafeedstream, product,orutility,mustbelistedonthissimulationscomponentlist.
Finding a Component
BecauseofthelargenumberofcomponentsintheCHEMCADcomponentdatabase, scrollingupanddownthelistofavailablecomponentscanbetimeconsuming.To findaspecificcomponentquickly,usetheSearchboxatthebottomoftheSelect Componentsdialogbox. TypethenameofthechemicalyouwanttofindintheSearchbox.Witheach letterthatyoutype,CHEMCADsuggestspossiblematchesintheAvailable
Componentslist.Inthefollowingexample,typingtheletterswaintheSearchfield hashighlightedtheWatercomponent.
Figure 5-05: Using the Search box to locate the Water component
TheSearchfieldacceptsbothtextandnumericentries.Bydefault,CHEMCAD willsearchforyourentryamongallchemicalnames,chemicalformulas, CHEMCADdatabaseIDs,andCASnumbers.Ifyouwouldprefernottosearchthis broadly,clicktheOptionsbutton.Thisbringsupadialogboxthatenablesyouto optoutofincludinganyoftheseitemsinyoursearches.
Figure 5-06: Selecting what to include in component searches
Note:YoucanaddyourowncustomcomponentstotheCHEMCADcomponent
database.Formoredetailsaboutthisfeature,seeChapter10ofthismanual.
Adding a Component
OnceyouvelocatedthecomponentyouwantintheAvailableComponentslist, simplydoubleclickthecomponenttoaddittotheSelectedComponentslistforyour simulation. YoucanalsoselectmultiplecomponentsintheAvailableComponentslistand thenclicktherightarrowbutton,locatedbetweenthetwocolumns,toaddthe componentstoyoursimulation.Toselectmultiplecomponents,useWindows standardselectionmethodsofholdingdown[SHIFT]toselectcontiguousitemsor holdingdown[CTRL]toselectnoncontiguousitems.
Figure 5-07: Adding multiple components using the right arrow button
Ifyouwouldliketoduplicatethecomponentlistfromanexistingsimulation, clickCopyFromAnotherSimulation.IntheresultingOpendialogbox,navigateto thedesiredsimulation,selectthatsimulation,andclickOpen.TheSelected Componentslistisnowpopulatedwiththecomponentsusedinthesimulationyou selected;youcanaddordeleteitemstocustomizethelist.
Changing the Order of Selected Components

WhenyourSelectedComponentslistforasimulationisparticularlylong,youmay findithelpfultoplacecertaincomponentsateitherthetoporthebottomofthelist. Youcanaddcomponentsinanyorder,andthenmovethemaroundinthelistas needed. TomoveacomponenttoanewpositionintheSelectedComponentslist,click thecomponenttoselectitandthen: ClickToptomoveittothefirstpositiononthelist. ClickUptomoveituponeposition. ClickDowntomoveitdownoneposition. ClickBottomtomoveittothelastpositiononthelist.
Removing Items from the Selected Components List

ToremoveasinglecomponentfromtheSelectedComponentslist,clickthe componenttoselectitandthenclickDeleteinthebottomrightareaoftheSelect Componentsdialogbox. ToremoveallcomponentsfromtheSelectedComponentslistandbeginagain, clickClear,justtotherightofDelete.Ifyouhavechangedyourmindaboutadding componentsatthistime,youcansimplyclickCanceltobackoutofcomponent selection.
Selecting K-value and Enthalpy Options

ThefirsttimeyoucompletetheComponentSelectiondialogbox,youllbetakento theThermodynamicsWizarddialogbox.Atthispoint,youcaneitherclickCancelto skipthewizardandenterthermodynamicsmanually,orenterparametersinthe dialogboxandclickOKtoseewhichmethodsthewizardsuggests.
Using the Thermodynamics Wizard

Properselectionofthermodynamicsisgenerallythemostimportantstepina processsimulation.Apoorthermodynamicsselectionmayleadtounrealistic simulationresults. TheThermodynamicsWizardmakesgeneralsuggestions,basedonyour componentlistandthespecifiedrangesfortemperatureandpressure.
Selecting Components to Ignore

Intheupperportionofthewizardscreen,usethedropdownboxestoindicateany componentsthattheThermodynamicsWizardshouldnotconsider.Thismayaffect theresultsformodelsuggestion.Forexample,ifyouareusingwaterasacoolant andyourothercomponentsarealkanes,theThermodynamicsWizardwillchoose UNIFAC.Ifyouspecifythatwatershouldbeignored,thewizardwillignorethe waterandselectSRK.
Specifying Process Conditions

Inthelowerportionofthewizardscreen,specifytheapproximatetemperatureand pressurerangesforthisprocess.Enteringaccurateinformationinthesefieldswill helptheThermodynamicsWizardreturnamoreusefulrecommendation. IntheBIPDataThresholdfield,entertheminimumpercentageofpossible binaryinteractionparameters(BIPs)whichmustbepresentinaBIPactivity coefficientmodel(NRTL,Wilson,etc).WithoutBIPs,activitycoefficientmodels simplifytoRaoultslaw.
How the Thermodynamics Wizard Makes Suggestions

CHEMCADsThermodynamicsWizardfollowsalogictreetochooseamodel.The logictreeassumesthatallyourcomponentsaremixedinavessel,withconditions fallingintothespecifiedtemperatureandpressureranges. Ifallcomponentsarehydrocarbons,thewizardwilllikelysuggestan equationofstate. Ifwaterispresent,thewizardwilllikelyselectanactivitycoefficientmethod. Ifwaterandhydrocarbonsarepresent,thewizardwilllikelyselectUNIFAC. Ifwaterandstrongelectrolytes(HCl,NaOH,etc.)aredetected,thewizard willsuggestelectrolytemodels.
44
Temperatureandpressurerangewillaffecttheselectionofmodel.Ifpressureis high,CHEMCADismorelikelytosuggestanequationofstate.Ifpressureis atmosphericandtemperatureisbelowthenormalboilingpointofallcomponents, CHEMCADmaychoosealiquidactivitymodeloridealvaporpressure.
Should the Thermodynamics Wizard be trusted to make design decisions?

Usethewizardasastartingpointforyourdecision.Properselectionof thermodynamicsistheengineersresponsibility.Yoursimulationmaycallforthe useofadifferentthermodynamicmodelthanwhattheThermodynamicsWizard suggests.
Manually Selecting Thermodynamics Settings

Tosetupthermodynamicsforyoursimulationmanually,followthesesteps: 1. SelectThermophysical>ThermodynamicSettings,orclickthebuttonbythe samenameonthetoolbar.
Figure 5-08: The Thermodynamic Settings button on the toolbar
2. ThisopenstheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox.Startbydetermining, basedonyourprocessknowledge,whetheryoursystemhastwoliquid phasesorasingleliquidphase.IntheGlobalKValueOptionfield,selecta methodthatcancalculatethephasebehaviorrelevanttoyoursystem. 3. Basedonthespecificcircumstancesofyourprocess,makeanyneeded alterationstotheoptionsdisplayedontheKvalueModelstab.Notethatthe optionsappropriatetoyourselectedKvaluemethodaredisplayedinblack, whileirrelevantoptionsaredisplayedingray. 4. ClickEnthalpyModelstab,selectthemostappropriatemodelintheGlobal EnthalpyOptionfield,andmakeanyotherchangestotheoptionsonthistab asneededforyourprocess. 5. ClicktheTransportPropertiestabandverifythatthesettingsthereare appropriateforthissimulation.Changeanysettingsasneededandthenclick OKtoclosetheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox. 6. Ifyouvemadeanychanges,amessageboxappears:Allstreamsshouldbe reinitialized.Proceedwithreinitialization?ClickYestoreinitializeallstreams now,orNoifyoudprefertowaitandreinitializethestreamslater.
45
Defining Streams
Thestreamsthatyouhavedrawnonyourflowsheetarestilljustlineswithnodata behindthem,sothenextstepistoeditthesestreams,populatingthemwith compositiondataandotherproperties.
Note:Inmostsituations,thestreamsyoullneedtodefinewillbethefeedstreamsin
yourprocess.Othertypesofstreams,suchasrecyclecutstreams,mayalsorequire definition. Youcaneditasinglefeedstreamusingeitherofthesemethods: Doubleclickthestream. OntheSimulationtabintheCHEMCADExplorer,expandFlowsheetand thenStreams,rightclickthestreaminquestion,andselectEditStream.
Youcaneditallfeedstreamsintheflowsheetatonceusingeitherofthese methods: SelectSpecifications>FeedStreams. ClicktheEditFeedStreamstoolbarbutton,whichdisplaysalargeredfeed streamarrow.
Whichevermethodyouchoose,youllseetheEditStreamsdialogbox,with eitherasinglecolumnofdataoracolumnforeachfeedstreamintheflowsheet.In thisdialogbox,specifypropertiesforeachfeedstreamlisted.
Thermodynamic Properties
Youmustspecifyexactlytwoofthefollowingthreevariables: TempF Prespsia VaporFraction
CHEMCADwillcalculatethethirdvariableandenthalpy,basedonthetwo variablesyouspecifyandthethermodynamicsmethodyouveselected.
Stream Composition
Todefinethestreamcomposition,youllneedtospecifyacompositionunitandthe amountofeachcomponentthatispresentinthestream. SelectaunitfromtheCompunitdropdownlist,andthenbasedonthat selection,populatethefieldforeachcomponentwiththeappropriateamount, percentage,orfraction. Forstreamcompositionsexpressedasapercentageorfraction,youcanenter valuesthatdonottotal100%.Inthiscase,CHEMCADwillnormalizethe
compositiontofractionalvaluesthattotal1.Topreviewthenormalizedvaluesthat CHEMCADassignstothecomponents,clickFlash.
Total Flow Properties

Ifthecomponentflowengineeringunitusedforastreamisdimensionless(i.e.,mole fraction,weightfraction,orvolumefraction),youmustspecifythefollowingflow properties: Totalflow Totalflowunit
Ifyouenteryourcomponentamountsasfractions,thenyoumustalsoentera totalflowrate.Ifyouentercompositionamountsusingquantitativeflowunits, CHEMCADcalculatesthetotalflowrateforyou.
Specifying Equipment Parameters

Onceyouhavespecifiedthenecessarystreampropertiesforyoursimulation,the nextstepistoenterspecificationsfortheUnitOps.Youcaneditthepropertiesofa UnitOpusinganyofthefollowingmethods: DoubleclicktheUnitOpiconontheflowsheet. ClicktheUnitOpiconandthenselectSpecifications>EditUnitOps>Select UnitOps. OntheSimulationtabintheCHEMCADExplorer,expandFlowsheetand thenUnitOps,rightclicktheUnitOpinquestion,andselectEditUnitOp Data.
ThedialogboxthatdisplayswhenyougotoeditaUnitOpspropertieswill dependonthetypeofUnitOp.TheStreamMixerUnitOp,forexample,hasonlyone specificationthatyoucanset,whiletheSCDSColumnUnitOphasfivetabbedpages ofdetailedsettings.
Figure 5-09: Two different UnitOps that require very different amounts of input
47
ThedetailedinformationaboutthespecificationsforeachtypeofUnitOpis containedintheCHEMCADHelpsystem,whichyoucanaccessfromany CHEMCADscreenbypressingthe[F1]key. Thesespecificationscreensdo,however,havecertainrulesincommon: Itemswithgreentextlabelsarerequiredentries. Allotherentriesareoptional. ClickingOKsavesyourspecificationchanges;clickingCanceldiscardsthem.
AfteryouclickOK,CHEMCADchecksyourdataforinternalconsistencyand thenreturnserrorsorwarningsaswarranted.TheseitemsdisplayintheMessages paneintheCHEMCADwindow.
Running the Simulation

NowthatyouvedrawntheflowsheetandaddeddetailtothestreamsandUnitOps thatmakeuptheflowsheet,youcanrunthesimulation.YoucaneitherselectRun> Run>RunAllorsimplyclicktheRunbuttononthetoolbar. Whenyourunasimulation,CHEMCADcalculatesmaterialandenergybalances throughouttheentireflowsheetandreturnsanyerrorsorwarningsdiscoveredin theflowsheet.Iftheruncompletessuccessfully,aRunfinishedmessageappearsat thefarleftofthestatusbar,attheverybottomoftheCHEMCADwindow.
Note:ForpreliminarychecksofindividualUnitOpsorgroupsofUnitOps,youcan
selectRun>Run>RunSelectedUnitOp(s).
Reviewing the Results

Afterasimulationhasrun,youcancallupanynumberofindividualtextbased reportsorgraphicalplots,eitherforonscreenviewingorforprinting.Reportscan providedataonanysinglestreamorUnitOp,oranygroupofstreamsorUnitOps,in asteadystateordynamicsimulation.Youcanalsorequestaconsolidatedreportthat providescomprehensivedataonthestreamsandUnitOpsyouselect.
Note:CHEMCADreports,plotting,andplotprintingarecoveredindetailin
Chapter8,OutputandReports.
48
Chapter 6
Using CHEMCAD for High-fidelity Modeling
UnitoperationspecificationsinCHEMCADvarygreatlyindetail,fromvagueand conceptualtoextremelyspecificandrealistic.Dependingonthedemandsofyour processandwhatyouretryingtoachievewithyoursimulation,youmayworkwith whatwecalllowfidelitymodeling,highfidelitymodeling,orboth. ThischapteraddressesCHEMCADscapacityforhighfidelitymodelingand howtoachieveahighlevelofrealismwithyourUnitOps.
What is high-fidelity modeling?

Withlowfidelitymodeling,youspecifywhatyouwant,orwhatyouhaveobserved, andCHEMCADmakesitscalculationsbasedontheassumptionthatyoucan achievewhatyouvespecified.Itscommontospecifyobservedpropertiessuchas temperatureand/orpressurecomingoutofaUnitOp,orcomponentpuritycoming outofaseparationunit.Specifyingtemperaturecomingoutofaheatexchangerisan exampleoflowfidelitymodeling. Highfidelitymodeling,ontheotherhand,requiresthatyouenternumerous extensivevariables.CHEMCADcalculatestheresultingconditionsbasedonthese detailedentries.Withhighfidelitymodeling,youreoftenrequiredtospecify geometryrelatedvariablesforaUnitOpsothatCHEMCADcancalculateprecise conditionsattheequipmentsoutlet. Heresthekeydistinctionbetweenlowfidelityandhighfidelitymodelingin CHEMCAD: Lowfidelity:YouspecifythedesiredresultsandCHEMCADassumesthatyou canachievethoseresultswiththeequipmentyouhave.
49
UsingCHEMCADforHighfidelityModeling
Highfidelity:YouspecifyenergyandequipmentparametersandCHEMCAD calculatestheactualresults.
Criteria for High-fidelity Modeling

TotakeadvantageofCHEMCADshighfidelitymodelingcapabilities,youmust providedetailedspecificationsforyourequipment.Todothis,mostUnitOpsrequire thatyouselectacalculationmodethatallowsforentryofhighfidelitycaliberdetail. Forexample,ifyouhaveapumpthatissettothedefaultmodeofSpecifyoutlet pressure,youllgetalowfidelityresultfromthispumpthatis,thesimulationwill usetheoutletpressurethatyouspecify,butwithoutconsiderationforthesizeofthe pump,theamountoffluidenteringthepump,orinletpressure. IfyouswitchthepumptoSpecifyperformancecurve,ahighfidelitymode,youll needtoenterdatapointsfromthepumpsperformancecurve,eitherforasingle speedlineorformultiplespeedlines.Usingthismode,CHEMCADwillcalculate thechangeofpressureheadbasedontheperformancedataandtheinletvolumetric flowrate.Thisprovidesarealisticpressureincreasefortheactualpumpthatyour processuses. NoteverytypeofCHEMCADUnitOplendsitselftohighfidelitymodeling.The followingsectionsdiscussvarioustypesofUnitOpsthatdoofferhighfidelity calculationmodes,andprovidesomebasicinformationabouthowtousethose modes.
Introduction to Equipment Sizing

EquipmentsizinginCHEMCADisoptional.ItentailsusingtheSizingmenu options,generallyafterrunningasimulation,tocalculateapproximatesizesfor pipes,vessels,valves,orifices,andotherequipment.
Figure 6-01: The Sizing menu, showing heat exchanger sizing options
Equipmentsizingcancomplementlowfidelityresults,andoftenprovidesan excellentstartingpointforhighfidelitymodeling.Youcanusecertainsizingresults asinputforhighfidelitymodelsofUnitOpsinyoursimulation.Specifying geometricparametersforUnitOpscanhelpyouobtainmorerealisticresults. Notethatforlowfidelitymodeling,sizingdoesnotchangeconvergedflowsheet results.Also,forsomeUnitOps,certaingeometryparametersmustbeentered regardlessoftheselectedcalculationmode.

High-fidelity Modeling and Sizing for Common UnitOps

HighfidelitymodelingdoesnotapplytoallCHEMCADUnitOps.Thissection summarizesthoseUnitOpsforwhichyoucanusehighfidelitymodeling,and comparesthatapproachforeachUnitOptypetolowfidelitymodeling.Where applicable,UnitOpsizingisalsodiscussedasitrelatestolowfidelityversushigh fidelitymodelingoftheseUnitOptypes.
Piping
Youcanuseeitherloworhighfidelitymodelingforpipinginyoursimulation. Pipelinesizingisdonebasedonthecompositionofaselectedstream.
Low-fidelity
Forlowfidelitymodelingofpiping,youarerequiredtospecifypipediameterand lengthinmostmodes;designmodesthatcalculatediameteraretheobvious exceptiontothis.Thepressuredropthroughthepipeiscalculatedbasedon diameter,length,andflowratethroughthepipe.
Sizing
Toperformsizingcalculations,selectSizing>Piping.Selectoneormorestreams, theninthePipeSizingdialogbox,selectasizingoptionandclickOKforlinesizing results.Youcanusetheseresults,suchassuggestedpipethicknessanddiameter,to specifygeometryforaPipeUnitOp,orsimplyreviewthemfortheinformationyou need.
Figure 6-02: Line sizing results from the Pipe Sizing dialog box
High-fidelity
Inhighfidelitypipingmodels,PipeUnitOpsinteractwithNodeUnitOpstobalance pressureandflowrateshydraulicallyamongconnectedpiecesofflowbased
equipment.NodesmustbeplacedonbothsidesofallPipeUnitOpstobeincluded inhydraulicbalance;pressureandflowconstraintsaresetatthenodes,notinthe pipes. Ahighfidelitypipingmodelcanshowchangesinflowratebasedonback pressurewheretwopipesmix,whereasalowfidelitymodelwouldsimplyassign theloweroftwospecifiedpressurestotheoutletwithoutconsiderationforback pressure.
Pumps, Compressors, and Expanders

Youcancreatepump,compressor,andexpanderUnitOpsusingeitherlowfidelity orhighfidelitymodeling.
Low-fidelity
Fortheseequipmenttypes,CHEMCADcalculatespowerusageandthermaleffects onthefluid,basedonspecifiedoutputpressureorpressureincrease.Other parameters,suchasefficiency,areoptionalbutdoaffectresults.
High-fidelity
Toproduceahighfidelitymodelfortheseequipmenttypes,youmustselectthe operationmodeinwhichyouspecifyperformancecurvesthatis,pressurechange asafunctionofvolumetricflowrate.Thisperformanceinformationisgenerally availablefromtheequipmentvendor.Basedonthevolumetricflowenteringthe UnitOp,CHEMCADcalculatesoutletpressure. Aswithpiping,highfidelitymodelingforpumps,compressors,andexpanders canbeusedwithnodesaspartofahydraulicflowbalancednetwork.
Vessels and Tanks

Youcanaddvesselsandtankstoyoursimulationsusinghighfidelitymodeling,or performlimitedapproximationoftheseequipmenttypeswithlowfidelityinsteady state.Sizingisavailableforcertaintypesofvessels.
Low-fidelity
Withlowfidelitymodelingofavesselortank,astreamenterstheFlashUnitOpand separatesintovaporandliquid;CHEMCADdoesnotconsiderholduporliquid levelinthetank.Ifyouwanttotakeasteadystatesnapshotofthevessel,youcan manuallyadjusttheflowrateand/orthermalconditionstomakevolumetricflow ratesmatchthevolumeofthevessel.
Note:TheTankUnitOpisspecificallyintendedforusewiththeBatchColumn
UnitOp.Itdoesnotrepresentastandardstoragetankforgeneralpurposes.
52
Sizing
Tocalculatesizingforavessel,selectaFlashUnitOpandthenselectSizing>Vessel. ChooseeitherLVVessel(liquidvaporvessel)orLLVVessel(liquidliquidvapor vessel),dependingonyourneeds.Intheresultingdialogboxes,enterthe appropriatevaluesforyourvesselandclickOK.
Figure 6-03: Sizing a vessel in CHEMCAD
TheresultsthatCHEMCADreturnsincludebasicvesselgeometrysuchasheight anddiameter. Youcanalsoperformvesselsizingonaconvergeddistillationcolumnto calculategeometryforarefluxdrumorsimilarpieceofequipment.
High-fidelity
Youcanperformhighfidelitymodelingonlyonbatchreactorsanddynamicvessels, andonlywithaCCDYNAMICSlicense(fordynamicvessels,aCCSAFETYNET licensewillsuffice).IfyouspecifythegeometryofyourvesselanduseCHEMCADs dynamicsmode,youcanstudywhathappensinthevesselovertimeasmaterialis addedorwithdrawn. Unlikesimpleflashvessels,batchreactorsanddynamicvesselsdoconsider holdup,liquidlevel,andvariablepressureovertime.
Valves
ValvemodelinginCHEMCADcanbeeitherlowfidelityorhighfidelity.Youcan sizeacontrolvalvebasedonanyflowsheetstream.
Low-fidelity
TheVALVUnitOpisusedforlowfidelitymodelingofavalve.Forthistypeof UnitOp,youspecifyoutletpressureorpressuredecreasethroughthevalve.
Sizing
SelectSizing>ControlValve,thenselectastream.IntheControlValveSizing dialogbox,specifytheoutletpressureforthetheoreticalvalve,andenterother specificationsasappropriate.WhenyouclickOK,CHEMCADreturnsinformation suchascapacitycoefficient(Cv)andvalvesize.
High-fidelity
TheCVALUnitOpisusedforhighfidelityvalvemodeling.Decidewhichvalues youwillprovideandwhichvaluesCHEMCADwillcalculate,andselectthe appropriateoperatingmodeintheControlValvedialogbox.ProvidethevalvesCv value,andanyotherspecificationsasneeded. Controlvalvescanbeusedwithnodesaspartofahydraulicflowbalanced network.
Columns
ColumnsinCHEMCADcanbemodeledaseitherlowfidelityorhighfidelity.You canperformsizingonanyconvergedcolumn.
Low-fidelity
Forlowfidelitymodelingofcolumns,usetheTower,TowerPlus,orSCDSUnitOps. Specifyidealstagesandtheconditionsatthereboilerandcondenser,asapplicable. Alowfidelitycolumnmodeldoesnotconsidermasstransfereffectsorcolumn internals. Differentcolumnspecificationscanprovidemorerealismwithouttaking geometryintoaccount.Specifyingtoppurityisaverylowfidelitymodel,while specifyingrefluxratioorcondenserdutycanbringyourresultsclosertoreality.
Sizing
Afterrunningyoursimulation,clicktheUnitOprepresentingthedistillationcolumn andselectSizing>Distillation;chooseeitherTraysorPacking,basedonthetypeof column. Theresultingdialogboxespromptyoutoenterinformationaboutyourtraysor packingandthecalculationmethodsyouwanttouseforcolumnsizing.Youwill
generallyneedtoentersomegeometryandhydraulicparameterstocomplete columnsizing.
Figure 6-04: Specifying high-level tray data for distillation column sizing
Figure 6-05: Specifying detailed tray data
Basedonflowsheetvaluesandyoursizinginput,CHEMCADreturnscolumn geometryinformationsuchasheightanddiameter.Italsoprovideshydraulic performanceinformationsuchaspredictedamountofflooding.

Note:Theresultsofcolumnsizingcalculationsdonotinteractivelychangetheresults
oftheflowsheetsimulation.
High-fidelity
Toperformhighfidelitymodelingofadistillationcolumninsteadystate,usethe SCDSUnitOpandselecteitherofthemasstransfersimulationmodelsforthe column.
Youwillneedtospecifygeometryforthecolumnandchooseacalculation methodfortheselectedmasstransfermodel.CHEMCADcalculatescolumn performancebasedonyourpackingortrayspecifications. Forcolumns,masstransferbasedmodelingperformsrigorousnonequilibrium mixingofvaporandliquid,whereaslowfidelitymodelingassumesidealmixing. Toperformhighfidelitymodelingofadistillationcolumnindynamics,specify thegeometryofthecolumnanddetailsaboutthecontrolsystem.Thisdynamic distillationcanconsidercolumnholdupandtheeffectofvariableschangingover time.

Note:TheShortcutColumnUnitOpisnotarigorouscalculationmodel.Unlessyour
systemsatisfiestheconstantmolarunderflowassumption,youshouldconsider usingadifferenttypeofdistillationcolumn.
Heat Exchangers
Whenspecifyingaheatexchangerinasimulation,youcanuseeitherloworhigh fidelitymodelingaswellassizing,dependingonthetypeofheatexchanger involved.
Low-fidelity
Whencreatingasimulation,youcanusealowfidelityapproachbysimply specifyingthethermalconditionscomingoutoftheexchanger.Specifyingheatduty insteadofmerelyanoutlettemperaturebringsyourresultsclosertoreality,butthis approachstilldoesntconsidergeometry.
Sizing
YoucanusetheCCTHERMmoduleforrigorouscalculationofheattransfer coefficient(U)basedonheatexchangergeometry.Inratingmode,CCTHERM determineswhethertheuserspecifiedheatexchangeriscapableoftheflowsheet heatexchangerperformance.Indesignmode,CCTHERMcalculatesanexchanger designthatiscapableoftheflowsheetperformance.
High-fidelity
Forsomeexchangercategoriesspecificallyshellandtubeanddoublepipeyou canusetherigorousCCTHERMmodeltocalculateheatexchangerperformance. TheflowsheetresultsarebasedonrigorouslycalculatedUvalueandthespecified exchangergeometry.Youcanalsodetermineapproximatefoulingofaunitifactual outlettemperaturesareknown.
56
Figure 6-06: Heat exchanger summary report generated as an Excel worksheet
Relief Devices
Forreliefdevices,sizingisnotnecessarilydistinctfromlowfidelitymodeling.To modeldynamicreliefofavessel,youcaninsteadusehighfidelitymodeling.
Low-fidelity
Tomodelasteadystatesnapshotofareliefdevice,selectSizing>ReliefDevice, specifyratingordesignmode,andselecttheappropriateoptionsforyourrelief scenario.WhenyouclickOK,CHEMCADreturnsareliefdevicecalculation summary. IfyouselecttheRigorousintegralanalysisdesignmethodwhensizingarelief device,youwillobtainamoredynamicresult.
Figure 6-07: Selecting the rigorous integral analysis method for relief device design
57
High-fidelity
YoucanperformhighfidelityreliefdevicemodelingfortheBatchReactorand DynamicVesselUnitOps.Youcanspecifythereliefdevicenozzlearea,aswellas otherspecificationsforyourreliefscenario.Thisenablesyoutostudythedynamic reliefofthevessel.
Licensing Considerations for High-fidelity Modeling

Tousetheheatexchangersizingfunctionality,youmustcurrentlyhaveavalid licensefortheCCTHERMmoduleofCHEMCAD.Tousebatchreactors,youllneed avalidlicensefortheCCDYNAMICSmodule.Fordynamicvessels,alicensefor eitherCCDYNAMICSorCCSAFETYNETisrequired. Ifyoudontcurrentlyhaveaccesstotheheatexchangersizingordynamics featuresandwanttoaddanyofthesemodulestoyourcopyofCHEMCAD,contact thepersonwithinyourorganizationwhohandlessoftwarelicensing,orif appropriate,youcancontactChemstationsoraCHEMCADdistributordirectly.For acompletelistofChemstationscontactsforallpartsoftheglobe,seeourwebsite (www.chemstations.net/contact.htm).
License Settings
IfyouvejustaddedmodulestoyourCHEMCADlicense,youshouldreturntothe LicenseSettingsscreentochangesettingsbeforeproceeding. SelectTools>Options>LicenseSettings(ifasimulationisopen)orLicense> LicenseSettings(ifnosimulationisopen)tobringuptheLicenseSettingsscreen. MovethesliderforeachnewlyinstalledmoduletoAsNeededandthenclickOKto applyyourchanges. YoumayseeaTraceMessageswindow;ifoneappears,clickOKtocloseit.The nextscreenthatappearsistheLicensesinUsescreen,whereyoucanreviewthelist ofCHEMCADproductsforwhichyoucurrentlyhavelicenses.ClickOKtoclosethis screenandreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
58
Chapter 7 Building and Using a Dynamic Simulation
Whilesteadystatemodelingcanprovidealloftheinformationyouneedformany purposes,itsofteninformativetolookcloselyatthechangesovertimethataffect yourstreamsandequipment.CHEMCADsCCDYNAMICSmodulemakesit possibletosimulateaprocessovertime.
What do we mean by dynamics?

Weusethetermdynamicstodescribemodelingachemicalprocessoverasetperiod oftime.Duringthecourseofarealworldchemicalprocess,factorssuchasutility temperature,feedcomposition,andliquidlevelstendtochange.Modelingthe responseofyourprocesstothesechangescanhelpyouunderstandandpredictwhat mighthappenwithyourprocessovertime. Givenaflowsheet,alengthoftimetorun,andthecalculationintervaltouse, CHEMCADcanreturndetailedresultsthattakeintoaccountthesetypesofchanges. Theprogramcanconsiderthematerialholdupwithinprocessequipmentsuchas tanks,reactors,andpipes.ItalsoenablesyoutomodelcontrolsystemssuchasPID controllers.
Licensing Considerations
Tousethefunctionalitydescribedinthischapter,youmusthaveavalidlicensefor theCCDYNAMICSmoduleofCHEMCAD. IfyoudontcurrentlyhaveaccesstothedynamicsfeaturesandwanttoaddCC DYNAMICStoyourcopyofCHEMCAD,contactthepersonwithinyour organizationwhohandlessoftwarelicensing,orifappropriate,youcancontact ChemstationsoraCHEMCADdistributordirectly.Foracompletelistof
59
BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation
ChemstationscontactsandCHEMCADdistributorsforallpartsoftheglobe,seeour website(www.chemstations.com/contact.htm).
License Settings
IfyouvejustaddedCCDYNAMICStoyourCHEMCADlicense,youllneedto returntotheLicenseSettingsscreentochangeasettingbeforeyoucanrundynamic simulations. SelectTools>Options>LicenseSettings(ifasimulationisopen)orLicense> LicenseSettings(ifnosimulationisopen)tobringuptheLicenseSettingsscreen. MovethesliderforCCDYNAMICStoAsNeededandthenclickOKtoapplyyour change. YoumayseeaTraceMessageswindow;ifoneappears,clickOKtocloseit.The nextscreenthatappearsistheLicensesinUsescreen,whereyoucanreviewthe CHEMCADproducts(includingCCDYNAMICS)forwhichyoucurrentlyhave licenses.ClickOKtoclosethisscreenandreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Additional Input for Dynamic Operation

Beforeyoucreateadynamicsimulation,youllneedtogathertherelevant informationaboutyourUnitOpsandstreams,asyouwouldwithanysimulation.In addition,youneedtobeabletoanswerthefollowingdynamicsspecificquestions: Howlongwillthesimulationrun? Whatwillbetheinterval(deltatime/stepsize)betweencalculations? Whatisthechangethatyouwanttostudyovertime? Ifapplicable,whatistheinitialcompositionandchargeofanydynamic vesselsorbatchreactors?
Thebasicstepsforadynamicsimulationarelargelythesameasthosefora steadystatesimulation,withafewvitaldifferences: 1. Createanewsimulation. 2. Selectengineeringunits. 3. Drawtheflowsheet. 4. Selectcomponents. 5. Selectthermodynamicsoptions. 6. Specifyfeedstreamsandinitialstreamconditions. 7. SetspecificationsforUnitOps. 8. Runthesimulationinsteadystatetoobtaintimezerovalues. 9. Switchthesimulationtodynamics. 10. Specifydynamicssettings,suchasruntimeandinitialcharge(s).
11. Runthesimulationindynamics. 12. Reviewtheresults. 13. Rerunorextendthesimulationasneeded. 14. Generateplotsandreportsasneeded. Beforeyoustartworkingonadynamicsimulation,itsimportanttohaveas muchinformationaboutyourprocessaspossible,aclearideaofwhatyouwantto findout,andastrategyforproducingtheresultsyouneed.
Strategies for Dynamic Simulations

Whenyoustartplanningadynamicsimulation,itsvitalthatyouknowwhat questionorquestionsyouaretryingtoanswer.Togetuseful,informativeresults, youshouldstartwithasimplequestionandthenrefinethesimulationandrunit again. Forexample,todiscoverhowheataffectsavesselstemperatureovertime,you mightstartbyapplyingconstantheattothevesselforthedurationofyourdynamic simulation.Youcanthensaveacopyofthatsimulation,changeittousevariable heat,andreviewtheresultstoseehowtheydifferfromtheoriginal.Basedonthat secondsimulation,youcanmakeanothercopy,andthistimetryvariableheatwitha controlsystemtoattempttomaintainaconsistenttemperature.Eachofthese dynamicsimulationswouldbringyouclosertowhatyouactuallywanttodiscover. Eachsubsequentsimulationrequiresmoreinformationfromyoutorunandreturn theresultsyouwant. Whilethereisnorequirementthatyouapproachdynamicsproblemsthisway, itsasoundpracticethatwillsaveyoutimeandfrustrationinthelongrun.
Setting Up Dynamic Operation

Beforeyoucanrunadynamicsimulation,youneedtoprovideparameterssuchas runtimeandstepsize.First,however,youmustactivateCHEMCADsdynamics mode.
Switching to Dynamics
Followthesestepstoswitchasimulationfromsteadystatetodynamicoperation: 1. OpenthesimulationandselectRun>Convergence.Thisbringsupthe ConvergenceParametersdialogbox. 2. Inthelowerrightportionofthedialogbox,clickintheSteady State/DynamicsfieldandselectDynamics.
61
Figure 7-01: Switching to dynamics
3. ClickOKtosavethechangesandclosethedialogbox. Afteryouswitchtodynamics,youllnoticethatafewthingshavechangedon theCHEMCADscreen: ThestatusbaratthebottomofthemainCHEMCADwindowchanges.Afew inchesfromtherightedgeofthescreen,insteadofthewordsSteadyState, youllnowseeDTimeandatimecounterdisplayingthenumberofminutes yoursimulationhasrun.Beforeyourunthesimulation,theDTimesetting displays0:00min. ThesteadystateRunAllbuttononthetoolbarisdisabled,andthedynamics buttonsarenowactivated.Thesebuttons,showninFigure702,are(leftto right)SetRunTime,ResettoInitialState,RunDynamicSimulation,Plot DynStreams,andPlotDynUnitOps.
Figure 7-02: Toolbar buttons for dynamics
62
YoucannowselectRun>DynamicstobringuptheDynamicsMenu.This windowprovidesconvenientaccesstoalldynamicssettingsandcommands.
Figure 7-03: The Dynamics Menu
Setting the Run Time

Thenextstepistosettheruntimeforthesimulation.Firstdecidewhetheryourrun willrequireasinglestepormultiplesteps. AstepinthiscasereferstoatimeperiodduringwhichCHEMCADwillcapture datafromthesimulationatuniformintervals.Forexample,youmightsetupa singlestepdynamicrunof60minutes,withastepsizeofoneminute,foratotalof 60datapointsfortherun.Ifthisisallthatyouneedtodo,yourruncanbe accomplishedinasinglestep. If,ontheotherhand,youneedtorunyourprocessfor60minutescapturingdata atoneminuteintervals,andthenswitchtocapturingdataevery30secondsforthe next20minutes,youllneedtousetwosteps.Ifyouwanttorecorddataeveryfive minutesforthefirsthour,everyminuteforthesecondhour,andevery30seconds forthethirdhour,youllneedtousethreesteps. Thestepsizethatyouselectwillhaveanimpactontheaccuracyoftheresults andthespeedofthecalculation.Smallertimestepsproducemorepreciseresults,but alsorequiremoretimetomaketherun.Smallerisntalwaysbetter,however,as extremelysmalltimestepscanleadtosignificantroundofferror.
63
Onceyouknowhowmanystepsyouneedtouseandwhatyourdatacapture intervalwillbeforeachstep,followthesestepstosettheruntimeparameters: 1. ClickSetRunTimeontheDynamicsMenu,orclicktheSetRunTime buttononthetoolbar.ThisbringsuptheDynamicRunTimeScheduledialog box.
Figure 7-04: The General tab on the Dynamic Run Time Schedule dialog box
2. OntheGeneraltab,setthenumberofoperationstepsyouplantouse,or leavethedefaultsettingof1.Themaximumnumberofstepsthatyoucan specifyis10.

Note:Whenyouinitiallysetupdynamicsforasimulation,theCurrenttimedisplay
fieldonthistabwillbeempty.Afterthesimulationhasrun,thisfielddisplaysthe totaltimeofacompletedrunorthecurrenttimeofaninterruptedrun. 3. NowclicktheStep1tabandspecifytheparametersforthisportionofthe dynamicrun.EnterthetotaltimeforthisdynamicstepintheRuntimefield, andtheintervalinminutesintheStepsizefield.
Figure 7-05: The Step 1 tab on the Dynamic Run Time Schedule dialog box
4. Ifyouhaveotherstepstospecify,clickeachtabinturnandentertheRun timeandStepsizeinformation. 5. Whenyouhavespecifiedallsteps,clickOKtoreturntothemain CHEMCADwindow.

TheDynamicRunTimeScheduledialogboxalsoallowsforconditionsother thantimetodeterminethedurationofadynamicoperationstep.Ifyouselect StreamorEquipmentinsteadofthedefaultTimeoption,youcanspecifyastream orUnitOpparameterthatwilltriggertheendofthisstep,ifthatparameteris reachedbeforethestepsruntimeisup.
Selecting Streams and UnitOps

Nowthatyouhavespecifiedhowlongyourdynamicprocesswillrun,youneedto tellCHEMCADwhatstreamandUnitOpdatatorecordduringtherun. 1. IftheDynamicsMenuisnotalreadyopen,selectRun>Dynamicstoopenit, thenclicktheRecordStreamsbutton. 2. IntheRecordStreamsdialogbox,dooneofthefollowing: ChecktheSelectstreamsfromflowsheetbox,clickOK,andthenusethe mousetoaddstreamstotheSelectStreamsdialogbox. TypethenamesofstreamsyouwanttorecordintheIDboxes.
Figure 7-06: The Record Streams dialog box
3. Whenyouhaveselectedallthestreamsyouwanttorecord,clickOKto returntotheDynamicsMenu. 4. NowclicktheRecordUnitOpsbutton.IntheRecordUnitOpsdialogbox, selectUnitOpsinthesamewaythatyouselectedstreamsinstep2. 5. ClickOKtoreturntotheDynamicsMenu.
65
Note:InboththeRecordStreamsandRecordUnitOpsdialogboxes,youcanusethe
RunTimePlotcheckboxestoincludeselecteditemsinarealtimeplot.Selecting itemsforruntimeplottingleadstoanotherdialogbox(eitherDynamicStreamPlot OptionsorDynamicEquipmentPlotOptions),whereyoucanselectplotspecificsfor eachstreamorUnitOp.Itisrecommendedthatyouuseruntimeplottingin moderation,astoomanystreamsandUnitOpscanbecomevisuallyconfusingand slowdowncalculationsconsiderably.
Running a Dynamic Simulation

Nowthatyouhavesettheruntimeandrecordingparameters,youcanrunthe simulation.WhenyourunadynamicsimulationinCHEMCAD,acalculationofthe entireflowsheetrunsforeachstepinthetimerangethatyouselect. Indynamicsmode,youhavethreeoptionsforrunningasimulation:runfrom thesimulationsinitialstate,runfromthesimulationscurrentstate,oradvancethe simulationonetimeintervalatatimemanually.
Note:Atanypointduringadynamicrun,youcanpressthe[ESC]keyonyour
keyboardtostoptherunafterthecurrentcalculation.Whenyoudothis,youwillsee aPrograminterruptedmessage.ClickOKtoclosethemessagebox,andtheneither inspectyourrunresultsorselectaruncommandtocontinue.
Run from Initial State

Thisoptionresetstheflowsheettoitsinitialconditionsandbeginsthedynamic simulation.Whenyourunasimulationthisway,allresultsfromprevious simulationsarediscarded. Tousethisoption,useeithertheRunfromInitialStatebuttonontheDynamics MenuortheRunDynamicSimulationbuttonontheCHEMCADtoolbar.
Run from Current State

Whenyouusethisoption,thedynamicrunbeginsfromthecurrentconditions. Thoseconditionsmightbetheinitialstateoftheflowsheet,theendofaprevious run,orthemiddleofaninterruptedrun.Selectingthisoptioncontinuesthe simulationfromthecurrentstate,i.e.,fromthelastcalculatedresult. Youcanusethisoptiononlywhensomecalculationsremaintoberun.This meansthatunlessyouhaveinterruptedtherunusing[ESC]orthestepbystep methoddescribedinthenextsection,youmustscheduleoneormoreadditional stepsusingtheDynamicRunTimeSchedulebeforecontinuing. UsetheRunfromCurrentStatebuttonontheDynamicsMenutorunthe simulationstartingfromcurrentconditions.
66
Run One Step at a Time

Ifyouwanttogetadetailedviewofyourdynamicrunasitunfolds,youcanchoose torunoneintervalatatime.Withthisoption,thedynamicrunwillstopaftereach discretetimestep.Torunthenexttimestep,youwillneedtousetheRunDynamic SimulationtoolbarbuttonortheRunfromCurrentStatebuttonontheDynamics Menu. Tousethisframebyframeapproachtodynamics,selectRun>Convergence andthenchecktheboxcalledRunonetimestepfordynamicsimulation.ClickOK toconfirmthischange.Toturnoffthisfeature,returntotheConvergence Parametersdialogboxtoclearthischeckbox.
Figure 7-07: Convergence Parameters setting to run one step at a time
Other Dynamic Commands

Inadditiontotheoptionsfordynamicrunsetupanddynamiccommands,the DynamicsMenuofferstwootheritems:ResettoInitialStateandSaveasInitial State.
Reset to Initial State

Inadynamicsimulation,youcanchangestreamandUnitOpspecificationsonly whenthedynamictimeissettozero.Duringorafterarun,ifyouattempttoeditthe specificationdialogboxforaUnitOp,youwillfindtheOKbuttondisabledanda messageinstructingyoutorestorethesimulationtoitsinitialstate.
Figure 7-08: A UnitOp specification dialog box during a dynamic run
67
Toreturnthesimulationtoitsinitialstatealsoknownastimezeroclickthe ResettoInitialStatebuttonontheDynamicsMenu,orusetheResettoInitialState buttononthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.

Note:Anadvancedfeaturetoallowspecificationeditingatanytimeisavailable,but
shouldbeusedwithextremecautiontoavoidconfusionandunintendedresults. ThisfeatureiscontrolledbyacheckboxontheConvergenceParametersdialogbox.
Save As Initial State

TheSaveasInitialStatecommandsetsthecurrentconditionsofthedynamicrunas thenewinitialstate.Itdiscardsallparametersfromthepreviousinitialstate,and makesitimpossibletorecoverthepreviousinitialstatedata. Anexampleofadynamicruncanillustratetheusefulnessofthiscommand. Supposethatyourunasimulationforfiveminutesandthetemperatureinavessel increasesfrom50Cto70C.Youdecidethat70Cisabetterstartingpointforthis vessel,andyouwanttocapturealloftheothervaluesthatcorrespondtothat temperatureinthisvessel.Youcanachievethisbysavingthecurrentconditionsas theinitialstate. Todothis,clicktheSaveasInitialStatebuttonontheDynamicsMenu.Youwill seeamessagewarningyouthatyouwilllosetheoriginalstateconditionsifyou continue.Ifyouarepreparedtodothis,clickYes.Forourexample,thiswouldmean losingthefirstfiveminutesofyourpreviousrun,alongwiththe50Cstarting temperatureforthevessel. Afteryousaveanewinitialstate,theRunfromInitialStateandResettoInitial Statecommandsbothreferenceyournewinitialstatesettings.
Output from Dynamic Simulations

Theresultsfromdynamicsimulationsaremarkedlydifferentfromthoseproduced bysteadystatesimulations,primarilyinthattheyrecorddatatrendsovertime insteadofastaticsnapshotofafixedprocess.Withdynamicsimulations, comparisonsofslightlydifferentprocessspecifications,andofthesameprocessat differentpointsduringarun,canbeveryuseful. Forthisreason,youmayfindthatgraphicalreportsprovidethemostuseful informationwhenyoureworkingwithdynamicsimulations.CHEMCADprovides aseriesofdynamicsplottingoptionstomeetthisneed;youcanalsogenerate varioustextbasedreports,andviewcalculatedflowsheetvaluesatanypointduring adynamicrunorafteraruniscomplete.
Reviewing the Flowsheet Specifications

Asnapshotofflowsheetvaluesfromadynamicrundoesntprovideasmuchvalue asitwouldforasteadystaterun,butitcancomeinhandyinmanysituations.
68
Afterrunningadynamicsimulation,youcanviewthedatabehindany flowsheetstreamorUnitOptoseetheeffectsoftheruncalculations.Doubleclick anystreamorUnitOpontheflowsheettoreviewitsendofrunvalues. Youcanalsostoptoreviewflowsheetdatainthemiddleofarun,eitherbyusing theRunonetimestepfordynamicsimulationoptionorbypressing[ESC]topause arun.Oncetherunhasstopped,youcandoubleclickanystreamorUnitOpto reviewitscurrentvalues.
Plotting Dynamic Results

YoucanplottheresultsofdynamicsimulationsusingeitherthePlotmenuorthe dynamicsbuttonsonthemainCHEMCADtoolbar. Dynamicplotsdisplayselectedvaluesovertime.Thefollowingdynamicplots areavailable: BatchReactor/DVSLHistory:Thisplotdisplaysselectedvaluesforabatch reactorordynamicvessel,includingcompositionofthevesselcontentsover time.Thedialogboxusedtogeneratethisplotisuserfriendlyandfocuseson themostcommonlyusedvariablesforthesetypesofequipment. DynamicColumnHistory:Thisplotdisplaysselectedvaluesforadynamic column,includingcompositionoftrays,distillate,andbottoms. DynamicStreamHistory:Thisplotdisplaysselectedstreampropertiesfrom anyrecordedstream.YoucanalsogeneratethisreportusingthePlotDyn Streamstoolbarbutton. DynamicUnitOpHistory:ThisplotdisplaysselectedUnitOpparameters fromanyrecordedUnitOp.YoucanalsogeneratethisreportusingthePlot DynUnitOpstoolbarbutton.
Note:FortheDynamicStreamHistoryandDynamicUnitOpHistoryplots,besure
torecordthestreamsandUnitOpsthatyouwanttostudy.Youcanonlyrequest theseplotsforrecordedstreamsorUnitOps.
Text-based Dynamic Reports

Basedonthegraphicalresultsofyourdynamicsimulationrun,youmaydecideto makechangestoyourprocess,runparameters,orboth,andthenrerunthe simulation.Whenyouhavefinetunedyoursimulationandobtainedsatisfactory results,youcanviewthoseresultsintextformaswellasgraphicalform,foramore detailedlookatexactvalues. Toaccesstextbaseddynamicreports,selectReport>Dynamicsandthenselect oneofthefollowingreports: DynamicColumnHistory:Thisreportprovidesdynamiccolumnresultsfor aselectedcolumn.ThePrintReportOptionsdialogboxoffersthemost relevantitemsfordynamiccolumnreporting.
69
DynamicStreamHistory:Thisreportprovidesstreamhistoriesforaspecific streamthatyouselect,basedontheintervalthatyouspecifyandincluding thecompositions,components,andstreampropertiesthatyouselect. DynamicUnitOpHistory:Thisreportprovidesdetailedinformationabouta dynamicUnitOpinthesimulation,basedontheintervalthatyouspecifyand includingtheUnitOpparametersthatyouselect.
Note:FortheDynamicStreamHistoryandDynamicUnitOpHistoryreports,besure
torecordthestreamsandUnitOpsthatyouwanttostudy.Youcanonlyrequest thesereportsforrecordedstreamsorUnitOps.
70
Chapter 8
Output and Reports
OneofCHEMCADsgreateststrengthsisitscapacitytoprovidedetailed, customizedinformationaboutequipment,streams,andprocesses.Youcancreate customreportsfromsimulations,specsheetsforUnitOps,anddataboxesforprocess flowdiagrams,andyoucanplotorprintanyoftheseitemsinthemostappropriate format.
Text Reports
CHEMCADcanproduceawidearrayofcustomizabletextbasedsimulationreports, basedonstreamdata,UnitOpdata,flowsheetdata,ordynamics.Ifyouprefer,you canproduceoneconsolidatedreportincorporatingalloftheavailabletextreport data.
Report Setup
Beforeyourun,view,orprintreports,youshouldcheckthesettingsthatdetermine whichprogramsCHEMCADwillusetodisplayandprintyourreports. Forindividualtextreports,youcanchoosetouseeitherWordPadorExcel.By default,CHEMCADusesWordPad.ToswitchtoExcel,selectTools>Options> ReportViewerSettingsandthenchecktheboxcalledUseMicrosoftExcelinsteadof WordPad.ClickOKtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace. Fortheconsolidatedreport,youcanuseeitherWordorExcel.Tochoosea programtodisplayandprintthisreport,selectReport>ConsolidatedReport,then clickReportFormatatthetopoftheConsolidatedReportmenu.Thisbringsupthe ReportFormatdialogbox.Choosewhetheryouwantyourconsolidatedreport
71
OutputandReports
resultstoappearinaWorddocumentoranExcelworkbookfile,andthenclickOK toapplyyourchange.
Stream-based Reports
AnumberofCHEMCADreportsareavailabletoanalyzestreamdatafroma simulation.Toaccessanyofthefollowingreports,selecttheappropriateitemfrom theReportmenu.TheresultswilldisplayineitherWordPadorExcel,dependingon howyouveconfiguredCHEMCADtohandletextreports.
Note:Bydefault,thesereportswillusetheengineeringunitsyouselectedwhen
buildingthissimulation.Youcan,however,usedifferentflowrateunitswhen runningreports.Tochangeflowrateunitsforreporting,selectReport>SetFlow Units.IntheViewFlowRateUnitdialogbox,selecttheunitsyouwanttouseand thenclickOK.Thenexttimeyourunstreamcompositionorpropertyreports,the unitsthatyouveselectedherewillbethedefaultsetting;youcanchangetheflow rateunitsagainasneeded.
Stream Groups
Forstreamcompositionandpropertyreports,youcancreatecustomstreamgroups withinasimulationtostreamlineyourreportrequests. Forexample,ifyouhaveaprocessthatinvolvestendifferentfeedstreams,and youfrequentlyrunreportsonthisgroupofstreams,youcansetupagroup consistingofjustthosestreams.Then,wheneveryouwanttoobtaincompositionor propertydataforthosestreams,yourejustafewclicksawayanytimethesimulation isopen. ThequickestwaytosetupanygroupistousetheCHEMCADExplorer.Follow thesestepstocreateastreamgroup: 1. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,findthetoplevelitemcalledGroups.Click theplussignnexttoGroupstoexpandthisitem.
Figure 8-01: Expanding the Groups item in CHEMCAD Explorer
2. NowrightclicktheStreamsitemunderGroupsandselectNew.
OutputandReports
Figure 8-02: Creating a new stream group
3. IntheNewGroupdialogbox,replacethedefaultname(suchasGroup1) withadescriptivenameforyourgroup,thenclickOK.
Figure 8-03: Naming the new stream group
4. IntheEditStreamGroupdialogbox,selectthestreamsforthisgroup,either bytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orbyclickingonstreamsin theflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogbox. 5. Assoonasyoufinishcreatingthegroup,itsnameappearsunderStreamsin theCHEMCADExplorer.Fromhere,youcanrightclickthegroupnameand selectanyofthefollowing: View/Edit:OpentheEditStreamGroupdialogbox,whereyoucanadd ordeletestreamnumberstoincludeinthegroup. Rename:OpentheRenameGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew nameforthestreamgroup. Copy:OpentheCopyGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew groupnametomakeanexactcopyofthestreamgroup.Afteryouclick OK,youcantheneditthenewcopyofthegrouptofityourneeds. Delete:Removethisstreamgroupfromthesimulation.Ifyouresure aboutdeletingthegroup,clickYesinthedialogboxthatappears. Composition:Runaninstantstreamcompositionreportforthestreams inthegroup.
73
OutputandReports
Properties:Runaninstantstreampropertiesreportforthestreamsinthe group.
Figure 8-04: Right-click menu options for custom stream group
Note:Thecommandstocreate,edit,andremovestreamgroupsarealsoofferedon
theReportmenu,underbothStreamCompositionsandStreamProperties.
Stream Compositions
Youcanrunastreamcompositionreportbasedonallstreams,oryoucanspecify whichstreamstoinclude.Torunastreamcompositionreport,selectReport> StreamCompositionsandthenselectfromthefollowingoptions: SelectStreams:ChoosethestreamsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectStreams dialogbox,eitherbytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orby clickingonstreamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxand displaythereport. AllStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallstreamcompositiondatafortheentire flowsheet. FeedStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreamcompositiondataonlyforstreams issuingfromaFeediconontheflowsheet. ProductStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreamcompositiondataonlyfor streamsterminatinginaProducticonontheflowsheet.
74
OutputandReports
UnitStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallinletandoutletstreamcomposition dataforaspecifiedUnitOpontheflowsheet.IfnoUnitOpiconisselected whenyourunthereport,youllseetheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox;typethe UnitOpIDorclicktheUnitOpontheflowsheetandthenclickOKtodisplay thedata.IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawill displaywithoutfurtherinput.
Youcanquicklydisplaystreamcompositionforasinglestreamatanytime, simplybyrightclickingthestreamintheflowsheetandselectingView Composition.
Stream Properties
Beforerunningreportsonstreamproperties,youllneedtospecifywhichproperties toinclude.Todothis,selectReport>StreamProperties>SelectProperties.This openstheViewPropertyOptionsdialogbox,whereyoucanreviewwhich propertiesarecurrentlyselected. Ifyouwanttoaddanyproperties,checktheappropriateboxes;toremove properties,clickoncheckedboxestoclearthem.Ifapplicable,clicktheCrude/Solids tab,andmakeanychangestothepropertiesonthattab.ClickOKtoreturntothe mainCHEMCADwindow. Torunastreampropertiesreportforthepropertiesyouvespecified,select Report>StreamPropertiesandthenselectfromthefollowingoptions: SelectStreams:ChoosethestreamsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectStreams dialogbox,eitherbytypinginthestreamnumbers(oneperline)orby clickingonstreamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxand displaythereport. AllStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallstreampropertydatafortheentire flowsheet. FeedStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreampropertydataonlyforstreams issuingfromaFeediconontheflowsheet. ProductStreams:Thisreportdisplaysstreampropertydataonlyforstreams terminatinginaProducticonontheflowsheet. UnitStreams:Thisreportdisplaysallinletandoutletstreampropertydata foraspecifiedUnitOpontheflowsheet.IfnoUnitOpiconisselectedwhen yourunthereport,youllseetheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox;typetheUnitOp IDorclicktheUnitOpontheflowsheetandthenclickOKtodisplaythe data.IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawill displaywithoutfurtherinput.
Youcanquicklydisplaystreampropertiesforasinglestreamatanytime,simply byrightclickingthestreamintheflowsheetandselectingViewProperties.
75
OutputandReports
Particle Size Distribution

Foraparticlesizedistributionreport,selectReport>ParticleSizeDistribution.In theSelectStreamsdialogbox,chooseoneormorestreamsforwhichaparticlesize distributionexists(oneperline),eitherbytypinginstreamnumbers(oneperline)or byclickingonstreamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtodisplaythereport.
Pseudocomponent Curves
Foratextreportonpseudocomponentcurves(alsoknownasdistillationcurves), selectReport>PseudocomponentCurves.Selectoneormorestreamscontaining hydrocarbons,eitherbytypinginstreamnumbers(oneperline)orbyclickingon streamsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtodisplaythereport.
UnitOp-based Reports
CHEMCADcanalsorunreportstoanalyzeUnitOpdata.Toaccessthesereports, selecttheappropriateitemfromtheReportmenu.Theresultswilldisplayineither WordPadorExcel,dependingonhowyouveconfiguredCHEMCADtohandletext reports.
UnitOp Groups
FortheUnitOpsreport,youcancreatecustomUnitOpgroupswithinasimulation. Muchliketheirstreambasedcounterparts,UnitOpgroupscansaveyoutimeand effortwhenrequestingreports;inaddition,youcanusethesegroupswhenrunning yoursimulation,toisolateandrunonlyselectedUnitOpsfordiagnosticorother reasons.
Note:BecauseofthisotherfunctionalityofUnitOpgroups,theorderinwhichyou
listUnitOpIDswhensettingupthesegroupsisimportant. ThequickestwaytosetupanygroupistousetheCHEMCADExplorer.Follow thesestepstocreateaUnitOpgroup: 1. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,underGroups,rightclicktheUnitOps itemandselectNew. 2. IntheNewGroupdialogbox,replacethedefaultname(suchasGroup1) withadescriptivenameforyourUnitOpgroupandthenclickOK.
Figure 8-05: Naming the new UnitOp group
3. IntheEditUnitOpSequenceGroupdialogbox,selecttheUnitOpsforthis group,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclickingon
OutputandReports
UnitOpiconsintheflowsheet.AddUnitOpsintheordertheyruninthe simulation.ClickOKtoclosethedialogbox. Assoonasyoufinishcreatingthegroup,itsnameappearsunderUnitOpsinthe CHEMCADExplorer.Fromhere,youcanrightclickthegroupnameandselectany ofthefollowing: View/Edit:OpentheEditUnitOpSequenceGroupdialogbox,whereyou canaddordeleteUnitOpsorreordertheexistinglist. Rename:OpentheRenameGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanew nameforthegroup. Copy:OpentheCopyGroupdialogbox,whereyoucantypeanewgroup nametomakeanexactcopyoftheUnitOpgroup.AfteryouclickOK,you cantheneditthenewcopyofthegrouptofityourneeds. Delete:RemovethisUnitOpgroupfromthesimulation.Ifyouresureabout deletingthegroup,clickYesinthedialogboxthatappears. Run:RunthesimulationonlyforthoseUnitOpsincludedinthisgroup. View:DisplayasummaryreportoftheUnitOpsincludedinthisgroup. Specifications:BringuptheUnitOpspecificationdialogboxesforeachitem intheUnitOpgroup,startingwiththefirstUnitOplisted.
Note:Thecommandstoadd,edit,andremoveUnitOpgroupsarealsoofferedonthe
ReportmenuunderUnitOps.
Select UnitOps
TorunareportthatcoversjusttheUnitOpsyouspecify,selectReport>UnitOps> SelectUnitOps.IntheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox,specifytheUnitOpsyouwantto includeinthereport,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclicking onUnitOpsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxanddisplaythereport. IfyouselectaUnitOpiconbeforerunningthereport,thedatawilldisplay withoutfurtherinput.
Spec Sheet
ThiscommandexportsdetailedinformationaboutaUnitOpintoapreformatted Excelworksheet.Thisreportisusefulfortaskssuchassolicitingamanufacturing quoteforapieceofequipment. TocreateaspecsheetforallUnitOpsontheflowsheet,selectReport>Spec Sheet>AllUnits. TocreateaspecsheetonlyforspecificUnitOps,selectReport>SpecSheet> SelectUnit.ChoosetheUnitOpsyouwanttoincludeintheSelectUnitOps dialogbox,eitherbytypingintheUnitOpIDs(oneperline)orbyclickingon
77
OutputandReports
UnitOpiconsintheflowsheet.ClickOKtoclosethedialogboxanddisplay thespecsheet. ForasingleUnitOpspecsheet,youcanselecttheUnitOpiconbefore runningthereport;Excelwillopenandthedatawilldisplaywithoutfurther input.
Note:ForspecsheetsthatincludemultipleUnitOps,CHEMCADcreatesaseparate
worksheetforeachUnitOpsdatawithintheExcelfilethatCHEMCADcreates.
Distillation
Torunadistillationreport,selectReport>Distillationandthenselectoneofthe following: TowerProfiles:Generatesareportdetailingtemperature,pressure,andflow rateforadistillationcolumn TrayCompositions:Createsareportthatshowsthevaporflowrate,liquid flowrate,andKvalueofeachcomponentoneachstageofadistillation column TrayProperties:Reportsoncurrentlyselectedstreampropertiesforeach stageofadistillationcolumn TowerMassTransfer:ForanSCDSdistillationcolumnthatusesamass transfermodel,providesmasstransfercoefficients,heightoftransferunits, andestimatedheightoftheoreticalplates(HETP) DynamicColumnHistory:Providesdatafromasingledynamicrunofa column(describedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamic Simulation) ColumnDiagnosis:Forcolumnsthathavenotsuccessfullyconverged, providesrecommendationsforchangingcolumnsettingstoachieve convergence
Flowsheet-based Reports
InadditiontoreportsthatfocusonparticularUnitOpsandstreams,CHEMCAD offerstextreportsthatprovideinformationaboutthesimulationasawhole.To accessanyofthesereports,selecttheappropriateitemfromtheReportmenu.
Topology
ThisreportprovidesalistingofallUnitOpsintheflowsheet,aswellasallstream originsanddestinations.
Thermodynamics
Thisreportlistsallcomponentsusedinthesimulationandprovidesvital informationaboutthethermodynamicsmethodsused.
OutputandReports
Mass and Energy Balances

Inadditiontomassandenergybalances,thisreportgivestheorderinwhich UnitOpsarecalculated,calculationmodesused,andinformationaboutrecycle loops,cutstreams,andconvergence.
Dynamics Reports
TheReportmenuprovidesaccesstotheBatchResultsandDynamicscommands, whichprovidereportsaboutnonsteadystreamprocesses.
Batch Results
Thisreportsummarizestheresultsofabatchdistillationcolumnsimulationatthe endofeachoperatingstep.
Dynamics
YoucanaccessthreedifferentreportsbyselectingReport>Dynamics:Dynamic ColumnHistory,DynamicStreamHistory,andDynamicUnitOpHistory.These reportsaredescribedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamicSimulation.
Consolidated Report
Youcanrunanycombinationofthetextbasedreportsdescribedaboveasasingle operation,byselectingReport>ConsolidatedReport.Thisbringsupthe ConsolidatedReportmenu.
Figure 8-06: The Consolidated Report menu
Fromthismenu,youcanspecifystreams,UnitOps,andstreampropertiesto include;chooseflow,composition,anddistillationoptions;andselectsettingsfor heatcurvesandbatchanddynamicoptions. Tooptimizeyourconsolidatedsimulationreport,beginatSelectStreamsand clickeachbuttoninturn,customizingeachdialogboxwithyourownsettingsand clickingOKtoapplyyourchanges.Whenyouhaveworkedyourwaydownthe menuandsetalloftheoptionstosuityourreportingneeds,clickCalculateand GiveResults.

OutputandReports
Graphical Reports
Inadditiontotextbasedreports,CHEMCADoffersawidevarietyofgraphicalplots thatyoucanviewonscreenorprintforreview.
Thermophysical Data Graphs

CHEMCADoffersanumberofgraphicalreportsthatrelatespecificallytothe selectedcomponentsandthermodynamicsoptions.Toaccessanyoftheseplots, selecttheappropriateitemfromthePlotmenu.
TPXY
Thisselectiongeneratesvaporliquidequilibriumcurvesbetweenanytwo components,withanoptionalthirdcomponent.YoucanincludeTPXY,TXY,activity coefficient,andfugacitycoefficientcurves.
Binary LLE
Thisselectiongeneratesliquidliquidequilibriumcurvesbetweenanytwo components.
Binodal Plot
Thisselectiongeneratesaternaryphasediagramshowingthedistributionofthree selectedcomponentsintwoliquidphases,includingtielinesandplaitpoint.
Binodal/Residue Curves
Thisselectioncreatesaplotthatcombinesthecurvesfromabinodalplotanda residuecurveplot.Thisisusefulwhenworkingwithheterogeneousazeotropic distillation.
Residue Curves
Thisselectiongeneratesandplotsagraphicaldisplayofdistillationzones, azeotropes,andresiduecurvesassociatedwithauserspecifiedternarymixture.
Flowsheet-based Graphs
Toviewgraphicalreportsthatreflectyouroverallsimulation,selectoneofthe followingfromthePlotmenu: StreamProperties:Plotsoneselectedstreampropertyforaselectedstreamin theflowsheet PhaseEnvelopes:Plotsaphaseenvelopeforagivenstream,highlightingthe criticalpointofthemixture;canincludeplotsatvaporfractionsotherthan0 (bubblepointcurve)and1(dewpointcurve) CompositeCurves:Plotscompositeheatcurvesfortheentireflowsheet,as wellasoptionalheatcurvesforindividualUnitOps
80
OutputandReports
PseudocomponentCurves:Displaysaplotofoneormoredistillationcurves forastream
UnitOp-based Plots
CHEMCADoffersseveralplotsthatdisplaydataforasingleUnitOp.Toaccessany oftheseplots,selectPlot>UnitOpPlotsandthenselectoneofthefollowing options.
Tower Profiles
Thisselectionplotscompositions,temperature,andflowprofilesfordistillation columns.
Heat Curves
Thisselectionplotsheatingandcoolingcurvesforaselectedheatexchanger.
Plug Flow Reactor Profile

Thisselectionplotsthetemperatureorcompositionprofilesalongtheaxiallengthof akineticplugflowreactor.
Pipe Profile
ThisselectionplotsfluidpropertiesforpipeUnitOpsalongtheaxiallengthofthe pipe.Thisplotrequiresthatthepipecontainmultiplesegments.
Controller Convergence
Forcontrollersthathavenotconverged,thisplotenablesyoutodiagnosethe controllerbehaviorthatispreventingconvergence.Theplotshowshowthe controllererrorfunctionchangeswithiteration.
Dynamic Plots
CHEMCADoffersaseriesofplotsforusewithdynamicoperations.SelectPlot> DynamicPlotstoaccessanyofsixgraphicaldynamicsreports. TheseplotsaredescribedindetailinChapter7,BuildingandUsingaDynamic Simulation.
User-specified File
IfyouhavecustomizedCHEMCADusingVBA,C++,orotherprogramming languages,youcansaveplotdataintoatextfileandusethisfeaturetodisplaythat dataasacurve. SelectPlot>UserSpecifiedFiletobringupamessageboxthatprovides instructionsonhowtoformatthetextfile.ClickOKtocontinuetoanOpendialog box,whereyoucanselectthetextfileyouwanttouse.WhenyouclickOpen,the curveisplottedanddisplayed.
81
OutputandReports
Printing CHEMCAD Reports

YoucanprintanytextreportthatyouproduceusingCHEMCAD,fromwithinthe programthatyouhaveselectedtoviewthereport. Thespecificprintingoptionsdiffersomewhatfromoneprogramtoanother,but youcanbringupthemainPrintdialogboxinWord,WordPad,orExcelbyselecting File>Print.EachoftheseprogramsalsooffersaPrintbuttononthetoolbarforyour convenience. Forgraphicalreports,youcanprintdirectlyfromCHEMCAD.Withaplot displayed,selectFile>Print,orclickthePrintbuttononthetoolbar.Plotsaresetup toprintinlandscape(horizontal)orientation,asthisisthebestfitforthehorizontal plotlayout.
Process Flow Diagrams

CHEMCADprovideseasytousetoolsforcreatingprintedprocessflowdiagrams. Youcanaddvarioustypesofdataboxestoaccompanyyourflowsheet,andthen selectivelyviewandprintgroupsofitems,includingdataboxes.
Flowsheet Databoxes
CHEMCADoffersfourtypesofdataboxes: StreamBox:Liststhestreamsthatyouselectinasingletable,alongwiththe streampropertiesthatyouchoosetoinclude UnitOpBox:GeneratesaseparatedataboxforeachselectedUnitOp TPBox:Generatesseparatesummarydataboxesforselectedstreams ExcelRangeBox:ReferencesarangeofcellsfromanExcelworksheet
Stream Boxes
Tocreateastreamdatabox,startbyselectingFormat>AddStreamBox.Fromthe SelectStreamsdialogbox,followthesesteps: 1. Determinewhichstreamstoincludeinthedatabox,usingoneofthree methods: ChecktheAllstreamsboxtoincludeallstreamsonyourflowsheet,then clickOK. Typethenumbersofthestreamsyouwanttoincludeintotheboxes provided,thenclickOK. ChecktheSelectstreamsfromflowsheetbox,clickOK,andthenchoosethe streamsyouwanttoincludebyclickingtheactualstreamlineswithyour primarymousebutton.Streamnumbersthatyouselectwillappearinthe SelectStreamsdialogbox;totoggleaselectedstreamoff,justclickit
82
OutputandReports
again.Whenyouveselectedallthestreamsyouwant,clickOKto continue. 2. AnyoftheseselectionmethodswillbringyoutotheDataboxProperty Optionsdialogbox.Here,youcanselectwhichstreampropertiesyouwant toincludeonthestreamdatabox.Youcankeepthedefaultsettings,orturn anycheckboxonorofftocustomizeyourdatabox.

Note:Theselectionsyoumakeherewillbethedefaultselectionsthenexttimeyou
createastreamdataboxforthissimulation. InadditiontothemainGeneraltab,notetheCrude/Solidtab,whichyoucan clicktoselectcrudeoilstreampropertiesorsolidstreamproperties.When youveselectedthestreampropertiesyouwant,clickOKtocontinue. 3. IntheDataboxSettingsdialogbox,youcanchoosethefontstyleandsizefor yourdataboxtext,aswellaswhethertoincludehorizontallinesorhorizontal sectiondividersinthedatabox.ClickOKtoplacethedataboxonyour workspace. Aswithflowsheetelements,youcanmove,stretch,orresizeadataboxusing yourmouse.
UnitOp Boxes
TheprocedureforcreatingUnitOpdataboxesissimilartothatusedtocreatestream databoxes,withthechiefdifferencebeingthatthereisnoselectionofUnitOp properties. BeginbyselectingFormat>AddUnitOpBox,andtheneitherenterUnitOpIDs orchecktheboxtoselectUnitOpsfromtheflowsheet.Notethatyoudonthavethe optionofautomaticallyincludingallUnitOps,asyoudidwithstreams. WhenyoucompleteyourselectionsandclickOK,theDataboxSettingsdialog boxappears,withthesameformattingoptionsthatareavailableforstream databoxes.Changeanysettingsyouwanthere,andthenclickOKtoplacethe requesteddataboxesonyourworkspace. Unlikeastreamdatabox,whichdisplaysdataformultipleitemsinasinglebox,a UnitOpdataboxdisplaysdataonlyforasingleUnitOp.Ifyouselectedthree UnitOpsintheUnitOpIDsdialogbox,youllseethreeseparatedataboxesappear whenyouclickOK.Ifyouseeonlyonedataboxatfirst,trymovingthatboxto anotherpartofthescreentoseeiftheothersarehiddenbehindit.
TP Boxes
CHEMCADcancreatedataboxes,calledTPboxes,whichdisplayanycombinationof temperature,pressure,andflowrateforallstreamsorselectedstreamsona flowsheet.
83
OutputandReports
ToaddTPdataboxes,selectFormat>AddTPBox.IntheTPBoxSettingsdialog box,firstselectanoptionatthetop,todeterminewhethertoaddTPboxesforall streamsoronlyforthestreamsyouselect. IntheDisplaycolumn,selectitemsfromthedropdownlistineachfieldto determinewhichstreampropertiestodisplayandinwhatorder.UseNoselection asappropriateifyouwanttodisplayfewerthanfourproperties. IntheNumberformatcolumn,makeaselectionineachfieldtodeterminehow numberswilldisplayintheTPboxes.IntheDigitscolumn,typethenumberof digitstodisplayafterthedecimalpoint.Youcanalsochangethefontstyleandsize fortheTPboxtext,andchoosewhethertodisplaystreamIDsandengineeringunits. ThePreviewboxdisplaysadynamicsampleofhowtheitemsyouveselected willappearintheTPboxes.Notethatthepreviewareadoesnotreflectchangesyou maketothefontsize. WhenyoufinishmakingyourselectionsintheTPBoxSettingsdialogbox,click OK.IfyouvechosentomakeTPboxesforallstreams,theTPboxeswillappearon theflowsheetrightaway.Ifyouveoptedtoselectthestreamsfromtheflowsheet, youllseeaSelectStreamsdialogbox;typethestreamnumbers(oneperline)orclick onthestreamlinesintheflowsheettoselectstreams,andthenclickOKtocreatethe TPboxes.
Figure 8-07: TP boxes added to a simple flowsheet
Excel Range Boxes

AnExcelrangeboxdisplaysdynamicdatafromaspecifiedcellrangeinaspecified Excelworksheet.TocreateanExcelrangebox,followthesesteps: 1. StartbyselectingFormat>AddExcelRange.ThisbringsuptheExcel DataboxSettingsdialogbox. 2. ClickBrowsetonavigatetothefolderwheretheExcelworkbookresides, thenhighlightthenameoftheworkbookyouwantandclickOpen.
OutputandReports
3. IntheWorksheetnamefield,typethenameoftherelevantworksheetwithin theworkbookthatyouveindicated. 4. Inthecenterportionofthedialogbox,specifythestartingandending columnandrowcoordinatesthatyouwanttoreferencewithintheselected worksheet. 5. Inthelowerportionofthedialogbox,changeanyformattingsettingsas desiredandthenclickOKtocreatethedatabox. AnExcelrangeboxisadynamiclinkbetweenCHEMCADandtheExcel worksheet.Asdataisupdatedandsavedintheselectedcellrange,therangeboxcan automaticallyupdatetoreflectthosechanges.Toviewthemostuptodatedatain yourExcelrangeboxesatanytime,selectView>RefreshDataBoxes.
Using the Layers Feature for Selective Viewing and Printing

WhenyoucreateasimulationinCHEMCAD,youcanbuildyourflowsheetacrossa hugeworkspace,zoominginandoutasneededtoworkwithspecificareasofthe flowsheet.Youcanalso,asdescribedabove,addanynumberofdataboxesto provideaquickvisualreferenceforthedatabehindyourflowsheetobjects.Youcan addtextlabels,drawcirclesarounditemsthatyouneedtoworkonfurtherin short,therespracticallynoendtothevisualclutterthatcouldenduponyour processflowdiagram.Butalloftheseelementsareusefultosomeone,andyou certainlydontwanttospendyourtimerepeatedlyaddingorremovingvisual elementsbeforeprintingorsharingaPFD. CHEMCADssolutiontovisualelementoverloadisafeaturecalledLayers.A layerisagroupofobjectsinasimulationfileanycombinationofdataboxes,drawn shapes,textlabels,streams,andUnitOpsthatyoucanvieworhidewithasingle click.Youdefineexactlywhichobjectsbelongtoalayer,andthentoggleeachlayer eitheron(visible)oroff(hidden)usingtheCHEMCADExplorer.
Note:Turningoffalayerdoesnothingbeyondhidingtheassociatedobjectsfrom
view.HavingalayerhiddenevenifthatlayerincludesstreamsandUnitOps doesnotinanywayaffectthewaythesimulationrunsoranystreamorUnitOp properties.
Scenarios for Using Layers

Thefollowingareexamplesofsituationsinwhichyoucanuselayerstoenhance yourprocessflowdiagrams: Severaldifferentdepartmentsneedtoreviewyourprocessflowdiagram,but eachdepartmentwantstoseedifferentdatahighlightedindataboxes.You cancreateonesetofTPboxeslistingonlyflowrates,forexample,andthen assignthemalltoalayer;thenhidethatlayerandcreateanewsetofTP boxeslistingtemperatureandpressureonly.Assignthesedataboxestotheir ownlayer,hideit,andcontinuewithstreamboxes,UnitOpboxes,or
85
OutputandReports
whateverotheritemsyouneed.Createasmanydifferentlayersasyoulike, andeachtimeyougotoprintthediagram,viewonlythelayersthatyou wanttoprint. Youneedtoemailasimulationtodifferentrecipientswhowanttoview differentdataboxes.Createsetsofdataboxesassignedtomultiplelayers,and thenviewjustthelayersthatyouwantyourfirstrecipienttoseeupon openingthefile.Saveandclosethesimulationbeforeattachingittoanemail message.Openthesimulationagainforthenextrecipient,selectthelayers youwantthatpersontosee,savethefile,andattachittoanotheremail message. Youhaveaverylargeflowsheetthatencompassesanumberofdiscrete processes.Youcancreateseparatelayersforvariousportionsoftheoverall flowsheet,andviewonlytheportionsyoureworkingwithatagiventime. Youcanalsohideunneededportionsoftheflowsheetforprinting. Ifyouaretroubleshootingaprocess,orforwhateverreasonneedtomark upaprocessflowdiagram,youcandrawshapessuchasellipsesor rectanglesaroundcertainUnitOpsorgroupsofUnitOps,usingtextorbright colorstodrawextraattention.Thenassignallofthesemarkupitemstoa singlelayersothatyoucanchoosetovieweitherthemarkedupversionor thecleanversionoftheflowsheetatanytime.
Creating a New layer

Bydefault,allobjectsareassignedtoamasterlayer,whichisalwaysvisible.Before youcanassignobjectstoanotherlayer,youmustfirstcreateanewlayertouse.The mostconvenientwaytocreatealayeriswithintheCHEMCADExplorerpane. IntheCHEMCADExplorer,findthetoplevelitemcalledLayers,rightclickit, andselectNew.
Figure 8-08: Creating a new layer
IntheNewLayerdialogbox,replacethedefaultlayernamewithadescriptive nameofyourownandthenclickOK.
OutputandReports
Figure 8-09: Naming the new layer
ThenewlayernowappearsundertheLayersiteminCHEMCADExplorer.If necessary,clicktheplussignnexttoLayerstoviewthelayername.Youcanaddas manylayersasyoulikeandviewthecompletelisthere. Whenalayerisfirstcreated,itisvisiblebydefault.Alayersstatusasvisibleor hiddenisindicatedinCHEMCADExplorerbytheiconthatdisplaysnexttoits name.Avisiblelayershowsagreencheckmark,whileahiddenlayerisgrayin color.
Figure 8-10: Visible and hidden layers as they appear in CHEMCAD Explorer
Assigning Objects to a Layer

Nowthatyouhavelayers,youcanassignitemstothem.Startbyclickinganobject tohighlightit;thismightbeanythingfromastreamIDlabeltoaUnitOptoaTP box.Whatevertypeofobjectitis,whenyouhighlightityoullseethefourblack boxesthatdefineitsouteredges.Withtheobjectselected,rightclickthenameofthe desiredlayerintheCHEMCADExplorerandchooseAddSelected. Tosavetime,youcanaddmultipleobjectstoalayeratonce.Justholddownthe [SHIFT]keyasyouclickeachobjectinturn,thenrightclickthelayernameand chooseAddSelected.
Note:Ifyoulike,youcanassignoneormoreobjectstoalayeratthesametimeyou
createthelayer.Todothis,simplyclickthedesiredobject(usethe[SHIFT]click methodformultipleobjects),thenrightclickLayers,selectNew,andassignthe layeraname.Theselectedobjectsareautomaticallyassignedtothenewlayer.
87
OutputandReports
Hiding and Viewing Layers

Assoonasyouveaddedatleastoneobjecttoalayer,youcantestthelayerby hidingitandwatchingwhathappens.Tohidealayer,simplyclickthegreencheck markediconnexttothatlayersname;theiconshouldchangetograyandallitems assignedtothelayershoulddisappearfromview. Atanytime,youcanhideorvieweachlayerinyoursimulationindependently. TheiconsnexttothelayernamesintheCHEMCADExplorerprovideaconstant reminderofwhichlayers,ifany,arecurrentlyhiddenfromview. Eachtimeyouopenasimulationfile,CHEMCADdisplaysorhidesitslayers accordingtothewaytheyweresetthelasttimeyousavedthesimulation.
Note:Itispossibleforanobjecttobeassignedtomorethanonelayer.Ifanobjectis
assignedtotwoormorelayers,however,itwillbedisplayedunlessallofits associatedlayersarehidden.
Removing an Object from a Layer

Ifyounolongerwantaspecificobjectorgroupofobjectstobeassignedtoagiven layer,youcanremovetheassignmentaseasilyasyoucreatedit. Firstensurethatthelayerinquestionisvisible.Thenselectalltheobjectsthat youwanttoremovefromthelayer,rightclickthelayernameinCHEMCAD Explorer,andchooseRemoveSelected.Nowwhenyouhidethelayer,theobjector objectsyouremovedshouldremaininview.
Deleting an Entire Layer

Ifforanyreasonyouwanttoremovealayerfromyourlist,simplyrightclickthe layersnameinCHEMCADExplorerandselectDelete.Thelayerdisappearsfrom thelist,andifthelayerwashiddenwhenyoudeletedit,theitemsassignedtoitnow reappear.
Printing a Process Flow Diagram

WhenyouusethePrintcommandonthemainCHEMCADscreen,theresultisa verbatimreproductionofyourvisibleworkspace. Ifyourezoomedcloseintooneportionofyourflowsheetwhenyouprint,youll getacloseupprintoutthatdoesnotincludetherestoftheflowsheet.Ifyouve hiddenallofyourdataboxestokeepthemoutofyourwaywhileyoufixaproblem, thosedataboxeswillnotappearontheprintout.IfthePalettepaneiscoveringupthe productstreamscomingfromoneofyourUnitOps,thoseproductstreamswontbe ontheprintouteither. Forthisreason,thefirstthingyoushoulddowhenyourereadytoprinta processflowdiagramistodecidewhatneedstobeincludedontheprintout.Ifyou needtheentireflowsheettoappearontheprinteddiagram,selectView>Zoom Options>ZoomtoFit,orzoommanuallyifyouprefer.Youmaywanttohideor
OutputandReports
unpinoneormorepanesaswell,togiveyourselfmoreworkspacewhileyou preparetoprint. Next,considerwhetheryourprocessflowdiagramshoulddisplayajobbox, UnitOporstreamdataboxes,textnotes,orotheritemsinadditiontotheflowsheet itself.Ifyouhavealreadycreatedtheneededitems,makesurethattheyare currentlyvisibleandplacedwhereyouwantthem. Whenalloftheitemsyouwanttoprintarevisible,checkoncemoretoensure thateverythingfallswithintheCHEMCADworkspace.ThenselectFile>Print,or clickthePrintbuttononthetoolbar.ThisbringsupthePrintSetupdialogbox, whereyoucanselectprintingoptionsorsimplyclickOKtoprinttheprocessflow diagram.
89
OutputandReports
90
Chapter 9
Customizing CHEMCAD
AsyoubecomemorefamiliarwiththewaythatCHEMCADworksandthevarious optionsandtoolsthatareavailable,youmayfindyourselfwishingthatyoucould makeyourownadditionseitherforspecializeditemsorforthoseyouuse frequently.YoucaninfactcustomizeCHEMCADinseveralwaysthatsaveyoutime bystreamliningandsimplifyingyourworkflow.Theseinclude: CreatingstreamandUnitOptemplates AddingcustomcomponentstoCHEMCADscomponentdatabase MakingyourownsymbolsandaddingthemtotheUnitOpspalette BuildingcustomUnitOps CreatingcustomdialogboxesforUnitOpsettings Definingcustomthermophysicalrules
Thischapterdiscussesallofthesetypesofcustomization,startingwiththe simplestproceduresandthenmovingontomorecomplexcustomizationsthat requiresomeprogrammingexperience.
Flowsheet Templates
OneofthemosteffectivewaystosavetimewhencreatingCHEMCADsimulations istomakeuseofstreamandUnitOptemplates.Atemplateissimplyasetof characteristics,whichyouassignanameandsaveforlateruse.Whenyousetup streamorUnitOpspecificationsthatyouknowyoullneedtorecreateinthefuture, youcancreateatemplateofthatstreamorUnitOp.Youcanthenduplicatethatitem withinthesamesimulationorinanyothersimulationwithjustafewmouse clicks.
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Creating a Template
Tocreateastreamtemplate,firstcreatethestreamyouwanttocloneandgiveitall ofthecharacteristicsyouwanttoincludeinthetemplate. ThenfindthisstreamontheCHEMCADExplorersSimulationtab.Expandthe Flowsheetitem,thenexpandtheStreamitem,andfinallydoubleclickthe applicablestreamID.ThisbringsupanitemcalledSave.Doubleclicktheword SavetobringuptheEnterTemplateNamedialogbox,thentypeanameforyour newstreamtemplateandclickOK.Thenewstreamnameisnowlistedbeneaththe Saveitem. TocreateaUnitOptemplate,selecttheappropriateUnitOpIDinCHEMCAD Explorer,andthenfollowthesameprocedureusedtocreateastreamtemplate.
Viewing a Templates Properties

Toseewhatspecificationsanexistingtemplateincludes,lookitupinthe CHEMCADExplorer.ExpandtheTemplatesitem,thenexpandtheUnitOpsitem, andfinallyexpandthenameoftherelevantUnitOptype.Forexample,ifyoure lookingupatemplatethatyoucreatedforatypeofpumpthatyoufrequentlyuse, expandthePumpitemintheCHEMCADExplorer. Whenyoufindyourtemplate,simplyclickthetemplatenametoopenits specificationsdialogbox.
Applying a Template
Toapplyastreamtemplate,firstexpandtheCHEMCADExploreritemforthe streaminquestion,eitherbyclickingtheplussigntoitsleftorbydoubleclickingthe streamname. Whenthestreamitemisexpanded,youllseetheSaveitembelowit,followedby thenamesofallthestreamtemplatesthatyouhavecreated.Doubleclickthename ofthetemplateyouwanttouse,thenclickOKtoconfirmthatyouwanttoapply thisstreamtemplate.
Renaming or Deleting a Template

Torenameatemplate,simplyfinditunderTemplatesinCHEMCADExplorer, rightclickthetemplatename,andselectRename.TypethenewnameandclickOK. ThischangesthetemplatenamethroughoutCHEMCADExplorer. Theprocedurefordeletingatemplateissimilartorenamingatemplate.Again, findthetemplateyouwantunderTemplates,rightclickitsname,andselectDelete. ClickOKtoconfirmthatyouwanttodeletethistemplate.Thetemplatename disappearsfromCHEMCADExplorer,butstreamsorUnitOpsthatwerespecified usingthetemplatearenotaffectedinanyway.
92
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Note:AnystreamorUnitOptemplatethatyoucreateisavailableforusewithall
othersimulationsonthesameinstallationofCHEMCAD,untilandunlessyou deletethetemplate.
Creating Custom Components

TheCHEMCADcomponentdatabaseplacesdetailedinformationaboutthousands ofchemicalsatyourfingertips.Ifforanyreasonyoufindthatyouneedtousea chemicalcomponentthatdoesnotmatchanyitemcurrentlyintheCHEMCAD database,youcancreateyourowncomponentforusewithyoursimulations. Youcancreateasinglecomponent,definearangeofpseudocomponents,or importacomponentsphysicalpropertiesfromanexternalsource.Theseprocedures havesimilaraims,butdiffersignificantlyfromoneanother.
Adding a Single Component

CreatingapurecomponentintheCHEMCADcomponentdatabaseisatwopart task.Youmustfirstcreatethecomponentandthenregressdataintothecomponent.
Creating the Component

Tocreateanewcustomcomponent,youcanuseanyoffivedifferentestimation methods: Createahydrocarbonpseudocomponent.Thisistreatedlikeapure componentinthatcertainaspectsofhowitbehavesorreactsareknown. UsetheJoback/Lydersonmethod.Withthismethodyouindicatebasic characteristics,andselectmoleculargroups(knownasJobackgroups,called GroupAssignmentsinCHEMCAD)fromalist,toindicatehowmanyofeach moleculargrouparepresentinthecomponent. UsetheUNIFACmethod.ThismethodisidenticaltoJoback/Lyderson, exceptthatthegrouplistismorespecializedtowardorganiccomponents. Createacombustionsolid.Thismethodisusedtosimulatesolid componentsforwhichanelementalanalysisandheatingvalueareknown, e.g.,coal. Createanelectrolytecomponent.Thismethodcreatesacomponentthatyou cansubsequentlyuseinanelectrolytesimulation.
Theprocedureforcreatingapurecomponentisasfollows: 1. SelectThermophysical>ComponentDatabase>CreateNewComponent. ThisbringsuptheNewComponentdialogbox.
93
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-01: The New Component dialog box
2. Givethenewcomponentadescriptivename;itisstronglyrecommendedthat youmakethisnameunique.Allothercharacteristicshereareoptional,except fornormalboilingpoint,whichisrequiredforthepseudocomponent method. 3. SelectaCorrelationoptiontoindicatewhichoftheabovemethodsyouwill use,andclickOKtocontinue. 4. Intheresultingdialogbox,selecttheappropriateoptionsforyournew componentandspecifyasmanycharacteristicsasyoulike,asaccuratelyas possible.ClickOKtocontinue. 5. IntheSelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,youwillseenodatabaseslisted ifthisisyourfirsttimetoaddacomponent.Ifthisisthecase,clickNewto bringuptheManageComponentDatabasesdialogbox. 6. Normally,youllneedtoclickAddNew,whichbringsuptheSaveAsdialog box.Navigatetothelocationyouwantforyourcustomcomponentdatabase, givethedatabaseaname,andclickSave.Ifyouwanttoaddadatabasethat someoneelsehascreated(generallyinanetworklocation),youcanclickUse Existing,whichbringsupanOpendialogbox;navigatetothatdatabases location,highlightthedatabase,andclickOpen. 7. TheManageComponentDatabasesdialogboxnowliststhedatabasethat youcreatedorselected.ClickOKtocontinue. 8. IntheSelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,thenewdatabaseyouhavejust namedisnowlisted;highlightitandclickOK. 9. TheView/EditComponentDatamenunowappears.Clickanyitemonthe menutoaccessadialogboxwithoptionsfordefiningyournewcomponent. Afterdefiningasmanycharacteristicsaspossible,clickExittoclosethe menu.
94
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Thenewcomponentisnowavailabletoaddtoyourcurrentsimulationandall futuresimulations.Toreturnatanytimetomakechangestoauserdefined component,dooneofthefollowing: SelectThermophysical>ComponentDatabase>View/EditComponentto bringuptheSelectSingleComponentdialogbox,whichlistsallavailable components.HighlightthecomponentyouwantinthelistandclickOKto bringuptheView/EditComponentDatamenu. ClickComponentListonthetoolbartobringupthelistofcomponentsinthe currentsimulation.Doubleclickthecomponentyouwantinthelisttobring uptheView/EditComponentDatamenu.
Regressing Data into the Component

Dataregressionistheprocessoffittingexperimentaldatapointstoapolynomial equationform,sothattheindividualerrorofeachdatapointisminimized. Dataregressionisonlyrelevanttotemperaturedependentpropertiessuchas heatcapacity,density,andvaporpressure.CHEMCADusesthesepolynomial equationfitstocalculatethepropertiesofacomponentatanygiventemperature. Toregressdataintoacomponentthatyouhavecreated,followthesesteps: 1. SelectThermophysical>ComponentDatabase>ComponentProperty Regression.ThisbringsuptheRegressComponentPropertiesmenu.
Figure 9-02: The Regress Component Properties menu
2. Clickthemenuitemthatcorrespondstothetypeofregressiondatayouwant toenter. 3. IntheSelectSingleComponentdialogbox,selecttheuseraddedcomponent thatyouwanttoregressandclickOK. 4. Intheresultingdialogbox,entertherequiredparameters(listedingreen text)andanyotherparametersasappropriate,thenclickOK.
95
CustomizingCHEMCAD
5. Intheresultingdialogbox,enteryourexperimentaldatapointsinthecells provided.YoucanenteravalueintheWeight_factorcolumntoweightthe regressiontowardoneormoredatapoints.ClickOKtocontinue.

Note:YoucanpasteacontiguousrangeofcellsfromanExcelworksheetintothe
cellsinthisdialogbox. 6. Theregressiondataisdisplayedinatabularformatforreview.Whenyouare readytoviewtheregressioncurve,closetheWordPadorExcelwindow. 7. Theregressionresultsnowdisplayingraphicalformat.Reviewtheplotand decidewhethertheregressionadequatelyrepresentsyourexperimentaldata. IntheApplyComponentChangesdialogbox,eitherchooseanoptionand clickSaveorabandonyourregressionchangesbyclickingDontSave. 8. Repeatthisprocedureasneededtoregressotherpropertiesforyour component,andthenclickExittoclosetheRegressComponentProperties menu.
Pseudocomponent Range
Usingapseudocomponentcurveanothertermforthedistillationcurveportionofan assayyoucancutahydrocarbonstreamintopseudocomponents,orfractions.A pseudocomponentrepresentsagroupofcomponentsthatboilwithinanarrow temperaturerange.PseudocomponentrangesareusedinCHEMCADtomodel hydrocarbons. Whenyoudefineapseudocomponentrangeforastream,CHEMCADcreates entriesinthecomponentdatabaseforeachhydrocarboncut,andassignsthese componentscompositionstothestream.
Note:Beforeyoudefineapseudocomponentrange,makesurethatyouhave
specifiedinyourcomponentlist,asappropriate,waterandanylightendsthatexist intheassay. 1. SelectThermophysical>PseudocomponentCurves. 2. IntheDistCurveCharacterizationdialogbox,enterstreamnumber(s)and clickOK. 3. IntheHydrocarbonCorrelationdialogbox,selecttheappropriate correlationsforyourcurve,orusethedefaultselectionsandclickOK. 4. ThisbringsuptheCurveTemperatureCutRangesdialogbox.Foreachcut rangethatyouwanttodefine,provideabeginningandendingtemperature, andenterthenumberofpointsthatyouwanttodefineasdiscrete pseudocomponentswithinthatrange.ClickOKtocontinue.
96
CustomizingCHEMCAD
5. IntheBulkPropertiesdialogbox,specifyadistillationcurvetypeandentera totalflowrateandbulkgravityforthestream.Youcanmakeotherentries hereasneeded,butonlythesethreeitemsarerequired.ClickOKtocontinue. 6. Intheresultingdialogbox,enterthedistillationcurvefromyourassay, specifyingthevolumepercentageandboilingtemperatureforatleastfive datapoints.ClickOKtocontinue. 7. Thenextdialogboxisoptional.Enteragravitycurvefromyourassay, specifyingthevolumepercentageandgravityforatleastfivedatapoints. ClickOKtocontinue. 8. Thenextdialogboxisalsooptional.Ifyouhavelightendsandwaterdefined inyourassay,entervolumepercentagedatahereforallrelevantcomponents. ClickOKtocontinue. 9. ThisbringsuptheEditDistillationCurvesmenu,showninFigure903.
Figure 9-03: The Edit Distillation Curves menu
10. ClickSaveandExit.Thisbringsupatabularlistingofpseudocomponent properties.Youcanreviewandprinttheseresultsifyoulike,orsimplyclose thedocumentdisplayingthemtoreturntotheCHEMCADworkspace. 11. Toseethelistofpseudocomponentsthatyouhavecreated,editthe propertiesforthestreamyouselected.Thepseudocomponentswillbelisted afterpurecomponents,withnamesthatbeginwithNBP.
Importing a Neutral File

Youcanalsoaddacomponenttothedatabasebyimportingitsphysicalproperties fromanexternaldatasource.Thisprocedureisknownasneutralfileimport. Fordetailedinformationaboutimportingandusinganeutralfile,seethe CHEMCADHelpsystem.
97
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Creating a Custom Symbol

YoucancreateacustomsymbolinCHEMCAD,forusewitheitherabuiltinUnitOp orauserdefinedUnitOp.ThetoolusedtocreatesymbolsiscalledtheCHEMCAD SymbolEditor. YoucanlaunchtheSymbolEditorineitheroftwoways: WithinCHEMCAD,selectEdit>EditUnitOpSymbols. FromWindows,selectStart>AllPrograms>Chemstations>Utilities> SymbolEditor.
Oncetheeditorisopen,youllseeagriddedworkspaceandasmall,freefloating toolpalette.
Figure 9-04: The Symbol Editors workspace and palette
Youcanbuildasymbolfromthegroundup,butthebestwaytolearntousethis toolistoeditanexistingCHEMCADUnitOpsymbol.Todothat,followthesesteps: 1. SelectFile>OpenfromtheSymbolEditormenu.IntheOpendialogbox, selectafilefromSymbolsdirectoryandclickOpen.Theselectedsymbol opensintheSymbolEditorworkspace,asshowninFigure905.
98
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-05: The pump_1.sym file open in the Symbol Editor workspace
2. SelectFile>SaveAsandsavethefileinadifferentdirectory,usinga distinctivenametoavoidconfusionwiththeoriginalsymbol. 3. UsethetoolsavailableinSymbolEditortochangethesymbolasneeded: Toremoveoralteranyexistingpartofthesymbol,selectStructure> Ungrouptobreakthesymbolintoitsindividualcomponents. Toaddgraphicalcomponentstothesymbol,usethedrawingtoolsonthe toolpalette,suchasRectangleandEllipse. Toaddatextlabeltothesymbol,usetheTexttool. Toaddaninletoroutlet,clicktheappropriateitemonthetoolpalette andthenclicktoplacetheinletoroutletonthesymbol. Tobackoutofachangethatyouvemade,selectEdit>Undoorpress [CTRLZ].
4. Whenyourereadytosavethesymbol,makesurethatyouhavedeletedany unwanteditemsontheworkspace.SelectEdit>SelectAllorpress[CTRLA], andthenselectStructure>Group. 5. SelectFile>Savetosavethechangestoyournewsymbol. Tocreateatotallynewsymbol,simplystartfromablankworkspace,namethe file,andusethevariousdrawingtoolstocreatethedesiredcombinationofshapes andtext.Addinletsandoutletsasneeded,thengroupthesymbolscomponentsand savethefile. Onceyouvecreatedyournewsymbol,youneedtoassociateitwithaUnitOp typeandthenadditintotheappropriateUnitOpsubpalette. 1. WithintheSymbolEditorprogram,selectFile>EditUnitOpType.The SelectUnitOperationTypedialogboxappears.
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-06: The Select Unit Operation Type dialog box
2. SelecttheappropriateUnitOptypeandclickOK. 3. ToassignthenewsymboltoaUnitOppalette,selectFile>Addto CHEMCADPalette. 4. CloseandrestartCHEMCADtoseeyournewsymbolappearonthe specifiedsubpalette.
Customized Costing Calculations

CHEMCADincludessomeverybasiccostingroutinestohelpdeterminethecapital costofequipment.UsingasimplifiedformofCknownastheParserlanguage,you maymodifytheseroutinestobettersuityourneeds. CostingcalculationsaredefinedbyaprogramminglanguagecalledParser,the syntaxforwhichisdocumentedintheCHEMCADCalculator/ParserModuleguide, availableontheChemstationswebsite.
Creating Custom UnitOps

IfyouneedaUnitOpthatfallsoutsidetherangeofoptionsofferedontheAll UnitOpspalette,youcancreateacustomUnitOp.Thegoalofcreatingacustom UnitOpistohaveaunitwhereyoucanenteryourownequationstocalculateheat andmassbalances.Overtheyears,CHEMCADusershavecreatedcustomUnitOps forpurposesasdiverseasmembraneseparationunits,fuelcells,specializedsolids handlingunits,andcrystallizersfortheseparationofxylenes. FouritemsontheAllUnitOpspalettearededicatedtouserdefinedUnitOps. YoucancreateacustomUnitOpusinganyofthefollowingfourways: ExcelUnitOp:CreatedthroughacombinationoftheCOMinterfaceandtheData Mapinterface Calculator:CreatedusinganinlineCprogram Useraddedmodule:CreatedusingVisualStudiooranotherC++compiler VBAUnitOp:CreatedthroughtheVBAEditor,whichispartofCHEMCAD
ThebasicproceduresforcreatingcustomExcelUnitOpsarecoveredinChapter 10,DataInterfaces.CalculatorUnitOpsaredefinedbyaprogramminglanguage
CustomizingCHEMCAD
calledParser,thesyntaxforwhichisdocumentedintheCHEMCADCalculator/Parser Moduleguide,availableontheChemstationswebsite. C++useraddedmodulesaredevelopedusingMicrosoftsVisualC++ developmenttool,thesametoolsthatwereusedinthecreationofCHEMCADsown UnitOps.TheproceduresforcreatingC++useraddedmodulesforusewith CHEMCADaredetailedintheUseraddedModulesGuide,whichisalsoavailableon theChemstationswebsite. VBAUnitOpsaredefinedbyVBAsubroutines,andaredescribedlaterinthis chapter. ThemethodyouchooseisanimportantfirststeptowardcreatingaUnitOp,but thechoiceisalmostentirelyuptoyou.CalculatorUnitOpscanbequickandeasyto setup,buttheycantdoeverythingtheothermethodscan.TheExcel/VisualBasic approachisverypowerfulandusesthefamiliarVisualBasiclanguagefor development.Adrawbacktothismethodisthatcalculationcansometimesbeslow duetotheuseofMicrosoftExceltodothecalculations.Themostpowerfuland fastestcalculatingmethodistheC++useraddedmodulemethod,butifyouarenew toC++,itmaybechallengingtouse.VBAUnitOpsareaspowerfulasthosecreated usingC++,andaremucheasiertobuild. WhichevermethodyouusetoprogramthecalculationsofyourUnitOp,youwill likelyneedtocreateadialogboxtoprovideauserinterface.Adialogboxenables userstosendinformationintoyourUnitOp,forexamplethenumberofstagesfora distillationUnitOp.NomatterwhatmethodyouusetoprogramyourUnitOp,you willusetheDialogEditorprogramtocreatetheuserinterface.
Creating a Custom UnitOp Dialog Box

CHEMCADusesdialogboxestosetvariablesforalltypesofUnitOps.Usingthe DialogEditorprogram,youcancreateacustomdialogboxforusewithanytypeof useraddedunits. YoucanalsoeditanexistingUnitOpsspecificationdialogboxforexampleto addtextnotes,totranslatefromEnglishtoanotherlanguage,ortolimittheUnitOps functionalityalthoughthisisnotcommonlydone. TheDialogEditorprogramenablesyoutocreateandmodifydialogboxes, whicharecontrolledbyfileswiththe.MYextension.Thesefiles,alongwith.MAP filesand.LABfiles,definedialogboxesforuseinCHEMCAD. TousetheDialogEditorprogram,youllneedagoodunderstandingof Windows,alongwithabasicknowledgeofVisualProgrammingconceptssuchas objectsandproperties.Youshouldalsohaveafirmunderstandingofsimulationin CHEMCADbeforeventuringintoDialogEditor. TheDialogEditorprogramisseparatefromCHEMCAD.Tolaunchit,select Start>AllPrograms>Chemstations>Utilities>DialogEditor.
101
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Figure 9-07: The Dialog Editor window showing an open dialog
AdetaileddescriptionofhowtousetheDialogEditorisavailableonthe ChemstationswebsiteunderSupport>Manuals,aswellasontheCHEMCAD installationCDROM.
Customizing Thermodynamics
Occasionally,youmayfindthatnoneofthethermodynamicmodelsbuiltinto CHEMCADserveyourneedsforaparticularsimulation.Ifthisshouldhappen,you cantakeoneoftwoapproachestohandlingthermodynamicsforthesimulation: eithercreateyourownKvalueorenthalpymodelorcreateyourownmixingrule.
Creating a Custom K-value or Enthalpy Model

TheKvalueforanycomponentisaratiothatreflectstheamountofthatcomponent presentinvaporandliquidphasesundergivenconditions.CHEMCADusesK valuestocalculatevaporliquidequilibriuminstreamsandinUnitOps. Anenthalpymodelcalculatestheheatcontentofasystemundergiven conditions.EnthalpymodelsareusedtocalculatetheheatbalanceinCHEMCAD simulations. IfyouhaveaKvalueorenthalpymethodthatyoudliketouse,youcanwrite C++codetointroduceyourmodelintotheCHEMCADsystem.TobuildacustomK valueorenthalpymodelusingC++,navigatetothefollowingdirectorytofindand opentheusradd.dswworkspace: C:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\UserAddedModules\usradd
CustomizingCHEMCAD
ThisworkspaceincludesexamplesofUnitOps,Kvalues,enthalpymodels,and mixingrules. AdetaileddescriptionofhowtocreatecustomKvaluesandenthalpymodelsis availableontheChemstationswebsiteunderSupport>Manuals,aswellasonthe CHEMCADinstallationCDROM. WhenyouvesuccessfullyaddedacustomKvaluemethod,youcanselectiton theKvalueModelstaboftheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,byusingthe GlobalKvalueOptionsettingcalledADDK.
Figure 9-08: Selecting the ADDK K-value option
Afteraddingacustomenthalpymodel,youcanselectitontheEnthalpyModels taboftheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,byusingtheGlobalEnthalpyOption settingcalledADDH.
Figure 9-09: Selecting the ADDH enthalpy model
103
CustomizingCHEMCAD
Creating a Custom Mixing Rule

AmixingruledetermineshowCHEMCADcalculatesthepropertiesofamixer, basedonthepropertiesofitspurecomponents.Youcancreatecustommixingrules foranyoftheselectionslistedontheTransportPropertiestab,eitherusingVBAas describedinthefollowingsectionorusingC++. TobuildcustommixingrulesusingC++,navigatetothefollowingdirectoryto findandopentheusradd.dswworkspace: C:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\UserAddedModules\usradd ThisworkspaceincludesexamplesofUnitOps,Kvalues,enthalpymodels,and variousmixingrules. AdetaileddescriptionofhowtocreatemixingrulesusingC++isavailableonthe ChemstationswebsiteunderSupport>Manuals,aswellasontheCHEMCAD installationCDROM.
Visual Basic Applications (VBA)

YoucancustomizeCHEMCADusingVisualBasicApplications,orVBA.The CHEMCADExplorersVisualBasictabprovidesaccesstothefollowingtypesof customizableitems: Reactions Properties UnitOps
IfyouhavewrittencodeinVBAthatyouwouldliketomakeavailablein CHEMCAD,youcaninsertthatcodeintooneofthetemplatesthatCHEMCAD provides,oruseanyofthesetemplatesasastartingpointandlaunchaVBAeditor fromwithinCHEMCAD.
Defining a Reaction, Mixing Rule, or UnitOp

Todefineacustomreaction,mixingrule,orUnitOpusingVBA,followthesesteps: 1. ClicktheVisualBasictabinCHEMCADExplorerandexpandtherelevant item:Reactions,Properties,orUnitOps. 2. DoubleclicktherelevanttemplateitemtoopentheVBAeditor. 3. Copytheexistingsubroutineandpastethecodebelowtheexampleinthe codewindow.Renamethenewsubroutinecopy. 4. Editthenewsubroutineasneededtoachievetheresultthatyouwant. 5. ReturntoCHEMCADbyeitheroftwomethods: Use[ALTTAB]ortheWindowstaskbar,leavingtheVBAeditorwindow open.
104
CustomizingCHEMCAD
ClicktheViewCHEMCADbuttonatthefarleftendoftheVBAeditors toolbartoclosetheeditorwindow.
Note:Youcanalsousethe[ALTF11]keycombinationtotogglebetweenCHEMCAD
andtheVBAeditor. 6. SavethecurrentCHEMCADsimulation,thenexpandtherelevant CHEMCADExploreritemagaintoseeyournewlydefinediteminthelist.
Using a VBA-defined Reaction

Onceyouhavedefinedanewreaction,youcanuseitforakineticorbatchreactor: 1. SelecttheBatchReactororKineticReactortoolandplaceareactoriconon theflowsheet.AddandspecifystreamsforthisUnitOpasappropriate. 2. Doubleclicktheicontodefinereactorspecifications.Makethefollowing selectiontouseyourVBAdefinedreaction. Batchreactor:Afterspecifyingthereactorsinitialcharge,youllseethe BatchReactorGeneralInformationdialogbox.OntheGeneraltab,select thekineticrateexpressionoptioncalledDefineeachreaction. Kineticreactor:OntheGeneralSpecificationstaboftheKineticReactor dialogbox,selectthekineticrateexpressionoptioncalledDefineeach reaction.
3. Foreachreactionthatyoudefine,youllenterdataintoaKineticDatadialog box.ChoosetheKineticRateExpressionoptioncalledUserVBA.This bringsupadropdownlisttotherightoftheKineticRateExpressionfield, whereyoucanchooseauserdefinedreaction.Selecttheappropriateoption foreachreactionthatyoudefineforthisUnitOp,andthenclickOKto continuetothenextreaction.
Figure 9-10: Selecting a VBA-defined reaction in the Kinetic Data dialog box
105
CustomizingCHEMCAD
4. Whenyouhavedefinedthelastreaction,clickOKtoreturntothemain CHEMCADwindow.
Using a VBA-defined Mixing Rule

Onceyouhavedefinedanewmixingrule,youcanincludeitinyourCHEMCAD simulations: 1. SelectThermophysical>ThermodynamicSettings. 2. IntheThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,dropdownthelistofoptionsfor themixingrulethatyouusedasatemplateforyournewrule.Selectyour rulefromthelist. 3. ClickOKtoreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Using a VBA-defined UnitOp

OnceyouhavedefinedanewVBAUnitOp,youcanincludeitinyourCHEMCAD simulations: 1. SelecttheVisualBasicUnitOptoolandplaceaniconontheflowsheet.Add streamsintoandoutoftheUnitOpasyounormallywould. 2. DoubleclicktheicontodefinetheUnitOpsspecifications. 3. IntheVisualBasicUnitOpdialogbox,dropdowntheFunctionlisttoseethe availableVBAUnitOps.SelecttheoneyouwanttouseandclickOK.
Figure 9-11: Selecting a VBA UnitOp
106
Chapter 10
Data Interfaces
CHEMCADenablesyoutoexchangedatawithotherprogramsthroughavarietyof methods.Thissavestime,effort,andthepotentialforkeystrokeerroranddata omissions.Insomecases,thesedatainterfacescanenableCHEMCADtolink directlyintoyourplantinformationsystemstorunsimulationswithouthuman intervention. ThedatainterfacesthatCHEMCADusesareasfollows: TheExcelDataMapinterface,whichcanlinkanyvalueinaCHEMCAD simulationtoanycellinanExcelworksheet,orviceversa(notethatrunning CHEMCADsimulationsfromExcelrequiresaCOMinterface,described below) TheVisualBasicApplicationinterface,whichenablesyoutobuildcustom reactions,mixingrules,andUnitOps TheOPCinterface,whichpermitsanyOPCClientapplicationtoaccess valuesinaCHEMCADsimulation COMinterfaces,whichallowanyCOMenabledprogram(suchasMATLAB) toaccessandcontrolaCHEMCADsimulation
Excel Data Mapping

TheExcelDataMappingfeatureallowsyoutolink,retrieve,andinsertdatafroman ExcelspreadsheetintoaCHEMCADsimulation.Italsoletsyouinsertdatafroma CHEMCADsimulationintoanExcelspreadsheetwithjustafewclicks.The integrationofCHEMCADandExcelisapowerfulandeasytousetoolthatsaves youtimeandwork.
DataInterfaces
WithExcelDataMapping,youcanquicklyandeasilygetthemostof CHEMCAD/Excelintegration,evenifyouhavenoexperiencewithVisualBasicor Excelprogramming.Infact,youcanuseandbenefitfromthisfeatureevenwithvery littleknowledgeoftheExcelprogram. TouseExcelDataMapping,youmustfirstcreateoneormoreDataMaps,and thensetuprulesfortheexecutionofeachDataMapinuse.
Creating an Excel Data Map

ThetoolusedtocreateandeditDataMapsinCHEMCADistheExcelDataMap Editor.ThistooldisplayswithintheCHEMCADworkspace,andresemblesanExcel spreadsheet.IthasallyouneedtolinkstreamandUnitOpparameterstooneor moreExcelspreadsheets.OneachExcelDataMap,youcanlinkupto500 parametersinasinglespreadsheet,andyoucanhaveuptotenDataMapsper simulation. TolinkyoursimulationtoanExcelspreadsheet,firstcreatethetargetExcel workbook,makinganoteofthefilesname,itslocation,andthenameofthespecific worksheettowhichyouwanttolink.Thenfollowthesestepstocreateanewdata map: 1. OntheCHEMCADExplorer,expandtheDataMapsitemandthenclick NewDataMap.AspreadsheetwillopenwithintheCHEMCADworkspace.
Figure 10-01: The Excel Data Map Editor
2. ClicktheBrowsebuttonandlocatethetargetworkbook.Selecttheworkbook fileandclickOpen. 3. InthecellnexttoExcelWorksheetName,typethenameoftheworksheetto whichyouwanttolinkyoursimulation.
108
DataInterfaces
Note:Ifyouneedtoverifythenameoftheworksheet,youcanclicktheOpenbutton
tolaunchExcelandviewtheworkbook. 4. ClickthecellbelowMapRuletohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseeadrop downlistofmappingoptions: ToWorksheetOnlyenablesyoutosenddatafromstreamsorUnitOpsin CHEMCADtotheselectedworksheet. ToCCOnlyenablesyoutosenddatafromanycellontheworksheetto theselectedstreamorUnitOpparameterinyoursimulation. Fordatareconciliationenablesyoutomanipulatethedatausing CHEMCAD's Data Reconciliation feature.
Figure 10-02: Selecting a Map Rule option in the Excel Data Map Editor
5. ClickthecellbelowCCObjTypetohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseea dropdownlistofmappingoptions: StreamenablesyoutolinkanExcelcellorcellrangetoastreamonthe flowsheet. UnitOpenablesyoutolinkanExcelcellorcellrangetoaUnitOponthe flowsheet. Miscenablesyoutochangedynamicflowsheetsettings.
6. ClickthecellbelowCCObjID.TypetheIDnumberofthestreamorUnitOp towhichyouwanttolink. 7. ClickthecellbelowParIDtohighlightthatcell.Clickagaintoseeadrop downlistofparametersfortheselectedUnitOporstream.Scrolldownand selectanoptionfromthelist.

Note:WhenyouareimportingcelldataintoCHEMCAD,thelistofparameter
optionsislimited,asmanyvaluesinaCHEMCADsimulationarecalculatedbased onothervalues.
109
DataInterfaces
8. Ifyouchoseaparameterthatisrelatedtoaspecificcomponent(e.g.,Comp Molefraction,oranyitemmarkedwithanarrow),youwillneedtospecifythe component.ClickthecellbelowComponenttohighlightthatcell,andclick againtoseeadropdownlistofavailablecomponents.Selectacomponent fromthelist.
Figure 10-03: Component-specific parameters marked with arrows on the Par ID list
9. ClickthecellbelowWrkShtCell/Range.Typethecelladdressorcellrange towhichyouwanttolink.Celladdressesshouldbeformattedwiththe columnletterandrownumber,e.g.,A1orD17.Cellrangesshouldbe formattedastwosuchaddresses(representingtherangesfirstandlast values)separatedbyacolon,e.g.,A1:A12orB5:E20. 10. Ifyouare performing a datareconciliation, youcanusethe Weightcolumntogivecertainitemsinthereconciliationmoreimportance thanothers. 11. Repeattheprocedureuntilyouhavespecifiedallofthecellsorcellranges thatwilllinktoyoursimulation. 12. SavetheDataMapbyselectingFile>SaveAs.TypeanameforyourData MapandthenclickOK.ThenewlycreatedDataMapnowappearsonthe CHEMCADExplorerundertheDataMapsitem.
Figure 10-04: List of available Data Maps in CHEMCAD Explorer
110
DataInterfaces
13. ToleavetheDataMapopenandreturntoyoursimulation,usethetabsatthe bottomofthemainCHEMCADworkspace.ToclosetheDataMap,select File>Close.
Data Map Execution Rules

AfterconfiguringoneormoreExcelDataMapsforasimulation,youmustsetup executionrulestousethem.YoucanconfigureuptotenDataMapfilesper simulation. TosetupDataMapexecutionrules,followthesesteps: 1. OntheCHEMCADExplorer,expandtheDataMapsitemandthenclick ExecutionRules.TheDataMapExecutionRulesdialogboxappears.
Figure 10-05: The dialog box for configuring execution rules
2. ClickthesquarebuttonnexttothefirstfieldintheSelectDataMapscolumn tobringuptheSelectDataMapdialogbox.
Figure 10-06: Selecting a Data Map from the list
3. SelectthenameoftheDataMapforwhichyouwanttosetrules,andclick OKtoreturntotheDataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox.Repeatthisstep forallotherDataMapswhoserulesyouwanttosetupatthistime.
111
DataInterfaces
4. IntheBeforeSimulationRunsfieldnexttoeachselectedDataMap,clickthe dropdownlisttochooseanactionforthatDataMaptoperformbefore calculationsbegin: DoNothingperformsnoactionbeforethesimulationisrun.Youmight usethisoptiontodisableaDataMaptemporarily. ToWorkbooksendstherequesteddatatoExcelbeforerunningthe simulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttopulldatafrom inletstreamsorUnitOpspecifications. ToCHEMCADsendstherequesteddatainExceltoCHEMCADbefore runningthesimulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttofeed datatoinletstreamsorUnitOpswithdatafromtheExcelworksheet.
5. IntheAfterSimulationRunsfieldnexttoeachselectedDataMap,clickthe dropdownlisttochooseanactionforthatDataMaptoperformafter calculationsarecomplete: DoNothingperformsnoactionafteryoursimulationhasrun.Youmight usethisoptiontodisableaDataMaptemporarily. ToWorkbooksendstherequesteddatatoExcelafterrunningthe simulation.Youmightusethisoptionwhenyouwanttosenddatafrom streamsorcalculatedparametersofUnitOpstotheworkbookinExcel.
Figure 10-07: Three different Data Maps with rules set up
6. WhenyouhaveconfiguredalloftheDataMapsthatyouwanttouse,click OKtosaveyourrulesandclosetheDataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox. Youcannowrunthesimulation.IfyouopentheExcelfilesthatarelinkedtothe simulation,youwillbeabletoseetheparametersofstreamsandUnitOpsrelatedto theExcelDataMap.Youcanalsoperformyourowncalculationsintheworkbook basedonthedatalinkedtoCHEMCAD.
112
DataInterfaces
Creating Excel UnitOps

YoucanbuildanExcelspreadsheetthatfunctionsasaUnitOpwithinCHEMCAD. ThisisusefulforextremelysimpleUnitOpssuchasmixersanddividers,orfor simpleseparations. 1. StartbycreatingacustomdialogboxforyournewUnitOp,asdescribedin Chapter9,CustomizingCHEMCAD. 2. Next,createanExcelspreadsheetcontainingyourdesiredcalculationsforthe newUnitOp. 3. Openasimulation,selecttheExcelUnitOptoolontheAllUnitOpspalette, andplaceaUnitOpiconontheworkspace. 4. DrawtheappropriatestreamsintoandoutoftheExcelUnitOp. 5. DoubleclicktheUnitOpicontoopentheExcelWorkBookUnitdialogbox. 6. OntheFilePathstab,usethetopBrowsebuttontospecifythelocationand filenameofthecustomdialogboxthatyoucreated.UsethesecondBrowse buttontospecifythelocationandfilenameoftheExcelworkbook. 7. NowyouneedtospecifyhowthisspreadsheetwilllinktoCHEMCAD.Click theDataMapstabtolinkthespreadsheetusingoneormoreDataMaps,or clicktheExcelMacrostabtolinkthespreadsheetusingtheCOMinterface. OntheDataMapstab,specifytheexecutionrulesasdescribedearlierin thischapter. OntheExcelMacrostab,specifythenamesoftheExcelmacrosthatyou haveprogrammedtousetheCOMinterface,intheorderthatyouwant themtobecalculated.
8. ClickOKtoreturntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Specification Sheets
UsingtheinterfacewithMicrosoftExcel,CHEMCADallowsyoutooutput simulationdatatoanExcelspreadsheetresemblingavendorspecificationsheet,as discussedinChapter8,OutputandReports.Customizingthesespecsheetssavesyou timebyoutputtingdataintheformatrequiredbyyourcompanyorvendor. TocustomizethespecsheetforaspecificUnitOptype,editthecorresponding Excelspreadsheetinthefollowingdirectory: C:\ProgramFiles\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\Program\templates IftheUnitOptypeyouwantisnotrepresentedbytheExcelfilesinthisdirectory, youcancopythegenericspecsheet.xlsfileanduseitasatemplateforanewUnitOp spreadsheet. Placethecopyinthesamedirectory,andmakeitsfilenamethestandardfour characterabbreviationfortheUnitOptypeinquestion.Forexample,tocreateaspec
DataInterfaces
sheettemplatefortheFlashUnitOp,youwouldneedtonamethefilecopyflas.xls. SeetheCHEMCADHelpinformationaboutyourspecificUnitOpifyouneedtolook upthisabbreviation. Beforeyoucontinue,youwillneedtoturnofftheReadonlyattributeforthe newspreadsheetfile.Thequickestwaytodothisistorightclickthefilewithinthe WindowsExplorer,selectProperties,andthencleartheReadonlycheckboxinthe Propertiesdialogbox. OncethecopyisrenamedandtheReadonlyattributeisturnedoff,youcan openthespreadsheetandedititasneeded.
Using CHEMCAD as an OPC Server

CHEMCADiscapableofsettingupanOPCserverwhichallowsdirectdatatransfer betweenanyCHEMCADsimulationandanyOPCclientapplication. OPCstandsforOLEforProcessControl.OPCprovidesastandardmethodfor differentdevicesandapplicationstosharedata.UsingOPC,youcansharedata betweenCHEMCADsimulationsandSCADAsystems,datahistorians,distributed controlsystems(DCS),andhumanmachineinterfaces(HMIs). Infact,theacronymOPCisnowconsideredbymanytomeanOpenness, Productivity,Connectivity,becausethistechnologyformsthebasisforsharingand manipulatingplantdata. OPCenabledsystemsareclassifiedaseitherOPCserversorOPCclients.OPC serversareeitherapplicationsordevicesthatprovidedata.OPCclientsare interfacesthatuseandmanipulatethisdata.OPCclientscanconnecttomultiple OPCserversatanytimeandreadandwritedatatoallofthem.
OPC Applications
OPCcanbeappliedasfollows: Inferentialsensors:Sometimescalledsoftsensors,inferentialsensorsuseone ormoremeasuredvariablestoestimateanothervariable.UsingCHEMCAD simulationsanddatafromyourplantsDCS,youcanembedsimulationsto providedatasuchasconcentrations,heatduty,andfoulingfactor,which wouldnotnormallybeavailable. Operatortraining:YoucancoupleanoperatorHMItoadynamicsimulation tocreateatrainingsimulatorthatcanhelptrainoperatorsinasafeand effectiveway.
OPC Compliance
ChemstationsisaMemberoftheOPCFoundation,anorganizationdevotedto maintainingtheOPCstandards.CHEMCADhasbeencertifiedfor,andinterop testedfor,OPCDAstandard2.05a.
114
DataInterfaces
Enabling CHEMCAD as an OPC Server

ToenableOPCwithinCHEMCAD,selectTools>Options>Misc.Settings,then checktheEnableOPCServerboxandclickOK.Whenyoudothis,CHEMCAD registersanOPCservernamedCHEMCAD.SimulationServer.1onyourmachine. Onceyouloadasimulation,allofthatsimulationsstreampropertiesand UnitOpsettingsandvariablesareautomaticallypublishedastagstotheOPC serversnamespace. Everyvaluetaghasaunitstagassociatedwithit,whichshowstheengineering unitsusedtoreportthevalue.Tochangetheengineeringunits,selectFormat> EngineeringUnitswithinaCHEMCADsimulation. WhentheOPCserverfeatureisenabled,CHEMCADautomaticallyregisters itselfasanOPCserver.IfyouwanttounregisterCHEMCADandremoveitfromthe listofOPCservers,youcanselectStart>Runandtypethefollowingcommand: {program directory}\CC6.Exe unregister Forexample,ifyourprogramdirectorywereC:\Program Files\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\Program(thedefaultdirectory),youwouldtype thefollowing: C:\Program Files\Chemstations\CHEMCAD\Program\CC6.exe unregister
Reading and Writing Values to CHEMCAD Using OPC

YoucanuseOPCtohavevaluesreadfromorwrittentoasimulation,andtorunthe simulation.Bothsteadystateanddynamicsimulationscanberuninthisway. ValuesareupdatedtotheOPCserverwheneverCHEMCADcompletesasteady staterunoradynamictimestep.Valuescanalsoberead;inthecaseofadynamic simulation,readingvaluesbetweentimestepswillcausetheprogramtoextrapolate fromthelastconvergedresults. Valuescanbewrittenatanytime.IfCHEMCADisintheprocessofexecutinga timesteporasteadystatesimulation,thevaluesareheldinabufferuntilthe simulationisconverged,atwhichtimethevaluesarewrittentoCHEMCAD. WhenvaluesarewrittentoaCHEMCADstream,thestreamisimmediately reflashed,andallOPCtagsforthatstreamareupdated.
OPC Server Operations

InadditiontoreadingandwritingprocessdatatoCHEMCAD,itisusefultobeable tosendcommandstoCHEMCAD,forexampletotellCHEMCADtostartorstop runningasimulation. ThisisdonewithaseriesofflagsintheCHEMCADgroupoftheOPCserver.To useanyoftheseflags,writea1toflag.CHEMCADwillexecutethedesired commandandreturnavalueindicatingsuccessorfailure.Areturnof0indicates
DataInterfaces
thatthecommandhascompletedsuccessfully,whileanegativereturnindicatesa problemofsomekind. Theavailablecommandsareasfollows: RefreshServertellsCHEMCADtorefreshalldatasenttotheOPCserver. RunSteadyStaterunsasteadystatesimulation.Whenthesimulation finishes,theflagwillbereseteitherto0(runconverged)ortoanegative numberindicatingthenumberoferrorsthatoccurredduringtherun.To viewtheerrormessagetext,youmustopentheCHEMCADinterface directly. Restoretoinitialstatereturnsadynamicsimulationtotimezero.Areturnof 0indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure. RunDynamicstartsadynamicsimulation.Areturnof0indicatessuccess;a valueof1indicatesfailure. RunDynamicOneSteprunsasingletimestepofadynamicsimulation.A returnof0indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure. SetInitialStatesetsthecurrentprocessconditionsasthetimezero conditions,overwritingtheprevioustimezeroconditions.Areturnof0 indicatessuccess;avalueof1indicatesfailure. StopSimulationstopsadynamicsimulation.Areturnof0indicatessuccess; avalueof1indicatesfailure.
CHEMCAD OPC Namespace

AnOPCnamespacedefinesandorganizesalltheavailablecommandsanddata. OPCnamespacesaredividedintogroups,eachofwhichcontainsitems.Itemsare sometimesreferredtoastags.
Note:Mostofthedataitemsinasimulationhaveengineeringunitsassociatedwith
them.Inthesecases,weusuallydefinetwoseparatetags,onecontainingthedata valueandtheothercontainingtheunitsstring.Allunitsstringsarereadonlyfrom OPC.Theunitsstringsaregovernedbythesettingsinsidethesimulation. ThegroupsinCHEMCADsOPCnamespaceareorganizedasfollows: CHEMCAD.SimulationServer:ThisistheOPCservername.Byconvention, thisnameisfollowedbyaversionnumber,e.g., CHEMCAD.SimulationServer.1,toindicatetheOPCServerversion.Thisis theservernametowhichOPCclientswillconnect. CHEMCADGroup:Thisgroupcontainsanyinformationthatisnot dependentonastreamorUnitOp,andallcommandsusedtorun CHEMCAD.
116
DataInterfaces
StreamsGroup:Thisgroupcontainsaseriesofsubgroups,oneforeach streamontheflowsheetnumberedbystreamIDnumber. UnitOperationsGroup:Thisgroupcontainsaseriesofsubgroups,onefor eachunitoperationontheflowsheet,numberedbyUnitOpIDnumber.
COM Interfaces
ComponentObjectModel(COM)isaMicrosoftstandardplatformthatenables programstosharecontentsuchasdataandcalculationroutines.Thisinterface makesitpossibleforotherprogramstocontrolaCHEMCADsimulation. CHEMCADactsasaCOMserver,soanyprogramthatcanactasaCOMclient canbemadetointerfacewithCHEMCADinthisway.Ifyouarentcertainwhether yourapplicationcanactasaCOMclient,checkwiththesoftwarevendor.
Note:UsingtheCOMinterfacetoCHEMCADisacomplicatedprocedurethat
requiressomeexperienceinprogramming.Ifyourorganizationlacksinhouse expertiseinprogramming,considerbringinginathirdpartyresourcetoassistyou withtheprocedure. ThefollowingsectionisabriefwalkthroughofasimpleCOMinterfacebetween ExcelandCHEMCAD.
Connecting Excel and CHEMCAD: A Simple COM Interface

WhileyoucanexportorimportdatavaluesusingExcelDataMap,more complicatedinteractionssuchasrunningasimulationfromanotherprogram requiretheextracontrolaffordedbytheCOMinterface. Thefollowingisasimplifieddescriptionoftheprocedureforconnectingthese twoprogramsandenablingExceltoloadasimulation,changeavalue,runthe simulationagain,readthesamevalue,andthenclosethesimulation. Inthisprocedure,youlluseExceltodothefollowing: OpenCHEMCAD ReadinvaluesfromCHEMCADintoanExcelworkbook Changeavalueinthesimulation Runthesimulation ReadtherevisedvaluesbackintoExcel
Normally,usingCOMinterfacesinvolvessomeprogramming.Wehavecreated anexamplecalledVBCLient.xlstohelpyouovercomethathurdle;youdontneedto writeanycodeatalltousethistool.Evenifyouneedtowriteyourownprogram, thecodeinthemacrosofVBClientwillcomeinhandyasaguide.
117
DataInterfaces
Using the VBClient Example

FollowthesestepstousetheVBClientexample: 1. OpenExcelandloadtheworkbookcalledVBClient.xls.Thisworkbookhas threeworksheets: CommandcontainsbuttonsforcontrollingaCHEMCADsimulation. Streamsdisplaysallstreamdatainthesimulation.Thissheetcanbeused forbothinputandoutputofstreamvariablestotheCHEMCAD simulation. UnitOpsdisplaysallUnitOprelateddataforthesimulation.Thissheet canbeusedforbothinputandoutputofUnitOpvariablestothe CHEMCADsimulation.
2. OntheCommandsheet,youwillseeaseriesofbuttonstoloadCHEMCAD, loadasimulation,readdatafromthesimulation,writedatabacktothe simulation,andrunthesimulation.ClickLoadCHEMCADtostartan instanceofCHEMCAD. ClickLoadSimulationtoloadasimulationintoCHEMCAD. MakeachangetothedatashownontheStreamsandUnitOpssheets.

Note:Somevaluesarereadonly.Forexample,VBClientdoesnotallowyouto
changeastreamstotalflowratedirectly;youmustinsteadchangethecomponent flowratestomakeachangetothetotalflowrate. 3. ClickSaveDatatopushyourchangestotheCHEMCADsimulation. 4. ClickRunAlltorunthesimulation. 5. NotethechangestothedataontheStreamsandUnitOpssheets.
A Peek under the Hood

RightclickLoadCHEMCAD,selectAssignMacro,andthenclickEdit.TheVisual BasiceditorinExcelopenstodisplaythecodebehindthebutton: Sub LoadCC5() ' initialize global variables selJobName = "" selCaseName = "" selUpdateStrUopData = False selOK = False Set CC5 = Nothing ' load CHEMCAD
DataInterfaces
Set CC6 = CreateObject("CHEMCAD.VBServer") If CC6 Is Nothing Then Dim msg As String msg = "Can not load CHEMCAD." MsgBox msg End If End Sub Themostimportantlineinthatwholesubroutineis: Set CC6 = CreateObject("CHEMCAD.VBServer") Inthatsingleline,ExcelloadsCHEMCADintomemory. Loadingasimulationisaccomplishedwiththissimpleline: retFlag = CC6.LoadJob(casePath) Runningasimulationcanbeassimpleasthis: retFlag = CC6.SSRunAllUnits ThedocumentcalledCOMInterfaceReference.doc,availableonthe Chemstationswebsite,providesafullreferenceofthecommandsavailablethrough COM.
119
DataInterfaces
120
Chapter 11
CHEMCAD Tutorials
AlthoughthesimulationsstoredinyourExamplesdirectoryareusefulformany scenarios,thebestwaytolearntouseCHEMCADistocreateandrunsimulations yourself.Thetutorialsinthischapterwalkyouthroughbasicsimulationbuilding stepbystep,usingarealisticexampleproblemthatwillhelpprepareyouforyour ownsimulations. Thefirsttutorialisforasimplesteadystatesimulation,whichisthenusedasthe basisforthesecondtutorial,inwhichyoulllearntousetheCCTHERMmoduleto rateaheatexchanger.Thethirdtutorialwalksyouthroughabatchdistillation problemusingCCBATCH,andthefinaltutorialcoversvariousscenariosforpiping systems.
121
CHEMCADTutorials
CC-STEADY STATE Tutorial

Thistutorialcreatesabasicsteadystatesimulationforacondensatestabilizerplant. Inthisplant,gasentersthesystemwiththefeedconditionsshowninthefollowing diagram:
Figure 11-01: Condenser stabilizer problem diagram
Yourjobistodeterminenewoperatingconditionsforthisexistingplant,along withanynecessarymodifications.Thedesignrequirementsareasfollows: Thecricondenthermdewpointoftheproductgasmustbe20Forless.A cricondenthermdewpointisthehighesttemperaturefortwophase coexistenceofamixture.Aslongasthestreamtemperaturestaysabovethe cricondenthermdewpoint,thestreamcontentswillnotcondense. Thestabilizedcondensatemusthavemaximumpropanecontentof1%.
Overview
RunningaflowsheetsimulationinCHEMCADisessentiallyaninestepprocedure: 1. Startanewsimulation. 2. Selectengineeringunits. 3. Createaflowsheet. 4. Selectcomponents. 5. Selectthermodynamicsoptions. 6. Definethefeedstreams. 7. EnterUnitOpparameters.
CHEMCADTutorials
8. Runthesimulation. 9. Reviewtheresultsandprintasneeded. Thestepsdonothavetobeperformedinthisorder,nordoallofthemhavetobe doneforeachflowsheet,butyoushouldconsiderallstepsforeachproblem.
Starting a New Simulation

Startbycreatinganewsimulationandgivingitaname. Todothis,launchCHEMCADandthenSelectFile>SavetoopentheSaveAs dialogbox.Navigatetothedirectorywhereyouwanttostorethesimulation(tryMy Simulations,locatedunderMyDocuments)andgiveyoursimulationaname, leavingthetypeasCHEMCAD6(*.cc6).ThenclickSavetocreatethefileandreturn tothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Note:Insteadofsavingallchangesinstantly,CHEMCADnowsavesyoursimulation
onlywhenyouusetheSavecommand.Thisprovidesyouwithgreaterflexibility andgivesyoumorecontroloveryoursimulations,butitalsomeansthatyoushould saveyourworkfrequently.Thisisasoundpracticeforworkinginanysoftware application,asitcanhelpyouavoidlosingworkintheeventofapowerproblemor computerglitch.

SelectFormat>EngineeringUnitstoopentheEngineeringUnitSelectiondialog box. TheEnglishunitsoptionisthedefaultandiscurrentlyhighlighted.Tochangethe engineeringunitssystem,youwouldclicktheAltSI,SI,orMetricbutton;youcould thenchangeanyoftheindividualunitsaswell.Forthistutorial,youwilluseEnglish units,soclickCanceltoexitthisdialogboxwithoutmakingchanges.

AsdescribedinChapter5,creatingaflowsheetisamatterofplacingUnitOpicons onthescreen,connectingthemwithstreams,andthenaddingvariousgraphical objectstoenhancethedrawing.
Placing UnitOps
1. Startyourflowsheetbyaddinganicontorepresenttheinitialfeedstream.In theAllUnitOpspalette,findtheFeedicon,whichisanarrowpointingtothe right.ClicktheFeedicon,thenclickintheworkspacewhereyouwantto placethefeedstream.Whenthefeedstreamarrowappears,goaheadand turnofftheFeeddrawingtoolbyrightclickinganyblankareaofthe workspace.
123
CHEMCADTutorials
Note:AtanytimeafterdrawingafeedstreamoranyUnitOpicon,youcanclickthe
icontodisplaytheblacksizinghandlesateachcorner.Withtheiconselectedthis way,youcanclicktheiconanddragittoanewlocation,orclickanysizinghandle anddragitoutwardorinwardtoresizetheicon. 2. Nowplacethetwoheatexchangersontheflowsheet.OntheAllUnitOps palette,pointtotheHeatExchangericonuntilitspopuplabelappears(see Figure1102).
Figure 11-02: The pop-up label that identifies the UnitOp icon
3. ClickthelowerrightcorneroftheHeatExchangericon,ontheblacktriangle, toopenthesubpalette.Selectthetwosidedheatexchangericonasshownin Figure1103.Theiconthatyouclickedinthesubpalettenowappearsonthe mainAllUnitOpspalettetorepresenttheHeatExchangerUnitOp.
Figure 11-03: Selecting the two-sided heat exchanger icon
4. Pointthemousecursoraboutaninchtotherightofthefeediconandclick.A twosidedheatexchangericonappearsontheflowsheetwhereyouclicked.
Note:TheUnitOpIDlabelof1shouldappearinacirclenexttotheheatexchanger
icon.ForeachsubsequentUnitOpthatyoudraw,CHEMCADwillassignanordinal numberinthisway,touniquelyidentifyeachpieceofequipmentontheflowsheet. 5. ReturntotheAllUnitOpspalette,andagainclicktheHeatExchangericons blacktriangle.Toswitchfromthetwosidedmodeltoasinglesidedmodel, youllneedtoselecttheappropriateicon(seeFigure1104)fromtheHeat Exchangersubpalette.
124
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-04: Switching to the single-sided heat exchanger icon
6. Againmovethecursortotheworkspace,thistimeaboutaninchtotheright ofthefirstheatexchanger,andclickthemouse.Asinglesidedheat exchangericonappearsontheflowsheetwhereyouclicked.Yourflowsheet sofarshouldlooksomethinglikeFigure1105.
Figure 11-05: The flowsheet so far
7. AddtheFlashandValveUnitOpiconstoyourflowsheet,usingthestandard icons. 8. Forthecondensatestabilizer,useadistillationcolumn.Multipledistillation UnitOpsareavailable,butfornow,assumethatthemoduleyouwanttouse istherigorousdistillationmodelcalledTower.YoullneedaTowericonwith traysandareboilerbutnocondenser;thisisdifferentfromthedefaultTower UnitOpicon.ClickthelowerrightcorneroftheTowericonsboxtoviewthe subpalette,thenselecttheiconshowninFigure1106.
Figure 11-06: Selecting the appropriate Tower UnitOp icon
9. NowthatyouhaveselectedtheappropriateTowericon,addthisUnitOpto theflowsheet.
125
CHEMCADTutorials
10. PlacethreeProducticonsontheflowsheet,oneforeachproductstream.You canquicklyplacethreeidenticalicons,simplybyclickingrepeatedlyina slightlydifferentlocation.WhenyouveclickedtocreatethethirdProduct icon,rightclicktoturnofftheProductdrawingtool.
Drawing Streams
NowthatalloftheUnitOpsareinplace,selecttheStreamtoolandconnectthe variousUnitOpsasappropriate.Rememberthateachstreammuststartatared outletpointontheupstreamUnitOp,andendatablueinletpointonthe downstreamUnitOp. ToavoidhavingtoreselecttheStreamtooleachtime,makesurethatassoonas youclicktocompleteonestream,youmovethecursortothenextlocationandclick tostartthenextstream. Drawstreamstoconnectthefollowing: Feedstreamtofirstheatexchangersleftsideinlet Firstheatexchangersrightsideoutlettosecondheatexchangersleftside inlet Secondheatexchangersrightsideoutlettoflashinletofyourchoice Flashtopoutlettofirstheatexchangerstopinlet Firstheatexchangersbottomoutlettonearestproducticon Flashbottomoutlettovalveinlet Valveoutlettotowerinletofyourchoice Towertopoutlettonearestproducticon Towerbottomreboileroutlettonearestproducticon
Asyoudrawstreams,CHEMCADassignsstreamIDs,justasitassignedUnitOp IDswhenyoucreatedthoseitems.ThelabelsforstreamIDsaredisplayedin squares,todistinguishthemfromtheUnitOpIDsdisplayedincircles.
Selecting Components
Nowyouneedtoidentifythecomponentstobeusedinthissimulation.Startby selectingThermophysical>SelectComponents.ThisbringsuptheSelect Componentsdialogbox,showninFigure1107.
126
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-07: The Select Components dialog box
Forthisexample,youllchoosecomponentsfromthestandardCHEMCAD database.IntheSelectComponentsdialogbox,findandaddeachneeded component,beginningwithnitrogen: 1. IntheSearchbox,starttypingthewordnitrogen. 2. Assoonasyouvetypedni,youshouldsee46NitrogenN2highlightedin theAvailableComponentsarea.Clicktherightarrowbuttontoaddnitrogento yoursimulation. 3. UsethescrollbarintheAvailableComponentsareatoreturntothetopofthe componentlist. 4. Holddownthe[CTRL]keyonyourkeyboardasyouclickeachofthe followingcomponentsinturn: 2 3 4 5 6 Methane Ethane Propane IButane NButane
5. Clicktherightarrowbutton,locatedtotherightoftheAvailableComponents area,toaddalloftheselectedcomponentstoyoursimulation. 6. Nowaddthefollowingcomponentsbydoubleclickingeachoneinturn: 7 8 10 IPentane NPentane NHexane
127
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-08: The completed Select Components dialog box
7. SaveyourcomponentselectionsbyclickingOK.
Selecting Thermodynamic Options

Assoonasyouhavefinishedcomponentselection,theThermodynamicsWizard appears.Thistoolcansuggestthermodynamicsoptionstousewiththissimulation. CHEMCADsThermodynamicsWizardworkslikethis: 1. First,itlooksatthecomponentlistanddecideswhatgeneraltypeofmodelis required,i.e.,equationofstate,activitymodel,etc. 2. Second,itlooksattemperatureandpressurerangesthatyouprovideand decideswhichequationwithinagivencategoryisbestatthelimitsofthose ranges. 3. Ifthemethodisanactivitymodel,theprogramthenlooksattheBIP databasetoseewhichmodelhasthemostdatasetsforthecurrentproblem. ItthencalculatesthefractionalcompletenessoftheBIPmatrix.Ifthatfraction isgreaterthantheBIPthresholdparameter,itusesthechosenactivity method;ifnot,itusesUNIFAC. TheThermodynamicsWizardisnoreplacementforengineeringjudgment.Thistool usesanalgorithmbasedongeneralrules,andisthereforefallible.Thesuggested modelmightnotalwaysbethebestmodelforthesystem. Selectingthermodynamicoptionsbasicallymeansselectingamodelormethod forcalculatingvaporliquid(orvaporliquidliquid)phaseequilibrium(calledtheK valueoption)andselectingamethodormodelforcalculatingtheheatbalance(called theenthalpyoption).Thecommandsfortheseselectionsarelocatedonthe Thermophysicalmenu. CHEMCADhasalibraryofdozensofKvaluemodelswithavarietyofoptions andabout12enthalpymodels.Makingtheproperselectionfromtheselibrariescan sometimesbedifficult.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttouse
128
CHEMCADTutorials
thePengRobinsonmethodforboththeKvalueandenthalpycalculations.Follow thesestepstoselectyourthermophysicaloptions: 1. AcceptthedefaulttemperatureandpressurerangesintheThermodynamics WizardandclickOK. 2. ClickOKagaintoacceptthewizardssuggestedmethodofSRK. 3. WhentheThermodynamicSettingsdialogboxopens,findtheGlobalK ValueOptionselection,intheupperleftcorneroftheKValueModelstab. ThecurrentsettingisSRK,butforthepurposesofthetutorial,youllneedto selectthePengRobinsonmodel.Clickthedownarrowattherightendofthe selectionboxtoviewalonglistofKvaluechoices,thenclickPeng Robinson.
Figure 11-09: The new K-value selection in the Thermodynamic Settings dialog box
4. NowclicktheEnthalpyModelstab.ThePengRobinsonmethodhasalready beenenteredastheGlobalEnthalpyOptionsselection;thiswasdone automaticallybecauseyouchosePengRobinsonasyourKvaluemethod. Whileyoudohavetheoptiontooverridethischoice,inthiscaseyoullneed tokeepthePengRobinsonmodel;leaveallsettingsastheyareandclickOK toreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace. Forthepurposeofthistutorial,thethermodynamicselectionsarenowcomplete.

Note:WhileyouarenotrequiredtousetheThermodynamicsWizard,youshould
knowhowtouseit,ifonlyasastartingpointforyoursimulations.Youcanrevisit thewizardatanytimebyselectingThermophysical>ThermodynamicsWizard.
129
CHEMCADTutorials
Defining the Feed Streams

Nowitstimetodefineyoursimulationsfeedstream.Thereareseveralwaysthat youcandothis,butthequickestandmostefficientwaytodefineasinglestreamis todoubleclickthestreamline.
Note:Beforeyouproceed,verifythatyourengineeringunitsaresettoEnglishinthe
EngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,asdescribedearlierinthistutorial. Doubleclickthelineforstream1,yourfeedstream,tobringuptheEditStreams dialogbox.
Figure 11-10: The Edit Streams dialog box
Youwillspecifythefeedstreamaccordingtothefollowingrules: TheStreamNamefieldcandisplayastreamlabelofupto16alphanumeric characters.Thisfieldisoptional,andyoucanuseanylabelyoulike. ThenextfourfieldsTempF,Prespsia,VaporFraction,andEnthalpy MMBtu/harethethermodynamicpropertiesofthestream.Accordingtothe GibbsPhaseRule,onceamixturescompositionisgiven,specifyinganytwo ofthesefourthermodynamicpropertieswilldefinetheothertwo.Assuch, definingthecomposition,temperature,andpressureforamixtureuniquely definesitsvaporfractionandenthalpy.Alternatively,definingthe composition,pressure,andenthalpywilluniquelydefinethemixtures temperatureandvaporfraction. Sinceenthalpiesarecalculatedrelativetoadatum,thecalculationofany givenstreamenthalpyisaninvolvedprocesswhichispronetoerrors.For thisreason,CHEMCADdoesnotpermityoutoenterstreamenthalpyasa constraint.
130
CHEMCADTutorials
Inadditiontodefiningthestreamscomposition,youmustdefineexactly twoofthefollowingproperties:temperature,pressure,andvaporfraction. Thetwovariablesthatyouspecifywilldisplayasredtext,whilethethird variableandthevalueenthalpywillbedisplayedinblackwhenyouflashthe stream. Anexceptiontothisconventionallowsyoutoaddheatdutywithanempty stream.Ifyouspecifyatotalcomponentflowrateofzero,youmayspecifya temperature,pressure,andenthalpyrate.Astreamdefinedthiswayis treatedasaheatduty,andisaddedtotheheatbalanceoftheunit.The temperatureandpressurearearbitraryforthissituation. TheTotalflowunitandCompunitfieldsworktogethertoprovideavariety ofwaystodefinestreamcompositions.Iftheselectedcompunitismole, mass,orvolumefraction(eithergloballyorlocally),thentheTotalflowunit selectionisavailable.Iftheselectedcompunitisafloworamountoption, thenthetotalflowratebecomesthesumofthecomponentflowrates,and theTotalflowunitselectionisnotavailable. IftheCompunitfieldselectionisanamountflowunit(asopposedtoa fractionalunit),thenthecomponentflowratevaluesareautomaticallyadded asyouenterthem.ThecurrentsumisdisplayedintheTotalflowfield. YoucanclicktheFlashbuttonatanytimetoperformaflashcalculation usingthecurrentlyspecifiedcompositionandthermodynamicproperties. Thisenablesyoutoobtainflashcalculationsquicklyandwithoutleavingthe dialogbox. Fractionsthatdonotaddupto1.0areautomaticallynormalizedwhenyou eitherclickFlashorexitthedialogbox.
Withtheserulesandbehaviorsinmind,enterthedataforyourfeedstream. 1. Beginwiththestreamtemperature.ClicktheTempFlabel,thenclickthe emptyfieldtoitsright.Type75andthenpressthedownarrowkeyonyour keyboardtocontinue. 2. Type200inthePrespsiafield,thenpressthedownarrowkeyseveraltimes untilyouarriveattheNitrogenfield.

Note:Beforeyoucontinue,verifythattheCompunitfieldissettolbmol/h.
3. Type100.19intheNitrogenfield,andtheninsimilarfashion,typethe followingnumbersinthecorrespondingfields: Methane:4505.48 Ethane:514 Propane:214 IButane:19.2

131
CHEMCADTutorials
NButane:18.18 IPentane:26.4 NPentane:14 NHexane:14
4. ClickOKtosavethisstreaminformationandreturntothemainCHEMCAD workspace.
Enter UnitOp Parameters

Nowthatyouvespecifiedyourfeedstreamproperties,itstimetospecifythe characteristicsofyourUnitOps.ThefollowingsectionsaddresseachUnitOpinturn.
Note:Aswithstreams,youcanenterUnitOpparametersinvariousways,butforthe
purposesofthistutorial,wellusethequickestandsimplestmethod,doubleclicking eachUnitOptoaccessitsspecificationdialogbox.
First Heat Exchanger

1. Doubleclicktheflowsheeticonforthefirstheatexchanger.TheHeat Exchangerdialogboxwillappear,asshowninFigure1111.
Figure 11-11: The Heat Exchanger dialog box
2. AswithmanytypesofUnitOps,thedialogboxforspecifyingaheat exchangerconsistsofmultipletabbedpages.Youcanbrowsethroughthe Specifications,Misc.Settings,andCostEstimationstabsbyclickingeach tabinturn. 3. Thepressuredroponbothsidesofthisexchangeris5psi.Onthe Specificationstab,findthePressureDropsarea,andenter5inboththeStream 1andStream4fields. 4. Thefirststreamoutletmustbeatitsdewpoint,soyoullneedtospecifyan outletvaporpressureof1.InthefieldnexttoVaporfractionstream2,enter1.

CHEMCADTutorials
5. ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandclosethedialogbox.
Second Heat Exchanger

1. Doubleclicktheflowsheeticonforthesecondheatexchanger.TheSimple HeatExchangerdialogboxwillappear. 2. Theoutlettemperaturefromthisheatexchangerwilldeterminehowmuchof theliquidisremovedintheflashdrum.This,inturn,willdeterminethe cricondenthermdewpointoftheproductgas.Therefore,thisspecificationis oneofthekeyparametersofthisprocess.Asafirstattempt,useanoutlet temperatureof5F.Enter5inthePressuredropfieldand5inthe Temperatureofstream3field.
Figure 11-12: Setting up the second heat exchanger
3. ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandclosethedialogbox.
Flash Drum
Inthissimulation,theflashdrumisavaporliquidseparatorandrequiresno specification.
Valve
1. DoubleclickthevalveflowsheeticontobringuptheValvedialogbox. 2. Theoutletpressureforthisunitis125psia,soenter125intheOutletpressure field. 3. ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandclosethedialogbox.
133
CHEMCADTutorials
Stabilizer Tower
1. DoubleclickthetowericontoopentheTOWRDistillationColumndialog box.NotethatthesettingsforthisUnitOparedividedintofivetabs.
2.
OntheGeneraltab,enterthefollowing: Colmpressdrop:5 No.ofstages:12 Feedtrayforstream:1
3. ClicktheSpecificationstabtomakespecificationsforthecolumn.This columnhasnocondenserorsidestreams,soyouwillonlybemaking specificationsforthereboiler.DropdownthelistofoptionsforSelectreboiler mode,andselectthemodecalled4Bottommoleflowrate. 4. Nowyouneedtospecifythenumericvalueofthereboilerflowrate.Inthe Specificationfieldimmediatelytotherightofyourreboilermodeselection, enteravalueof30.

5.
ClickOKtosavethespecificationsforthisUnitOpandreturntothemain CHEMCADworkspace.
Allofthedataentryfortheflowsheetisnowcomplete.Beforeyoucontinue,you shouldsaveyoursimulation.Asnotedearlier,itsagoodideatodothisperiodically asyoubuildthesimulation,butcompletionofyourUnitOpspecificationsisa particularlygoodtimetostopandsave.
Run the Simulation

Torunthesimulation,clicktheRunAllbuttononthetoolbar. Theprogramfirstrechecksthedataandlistsanyerrorsandwarningsinthe Messagespane.Inthiscase,youshouldhavenoerrors,althoughyouwillhave warningsaboutestimatesyouhavenotgiven.Youcanignorethesewarningsand proceedbyclickingYes.Thecalculationwillthenproceed. Whentherunfinishes,amessageboxappears:Recyclecalculationhasconverged. Toclosethisdialogboxandclearthescreen,clickOK.
Review the Results and Print as Needed

Beforerunningandprintingreportsandplots,youshouldreviewthesimulationto verifywhetheritmeetsthedesigncriteriasetoutforthisproblem.
Checking the Cricondentherm Dewpoint

Ifyouhavechosentheproperoutlettemperatureforthesecondheatexchanger,the cricondenthermdewpointfortheproductgasstream(stream5)willbe20Forless. Thecricondenthermdewpoint,youwillrecall,isthehighestdewpointtemperaturea mixturewilleverseeatanypressure.Thesimplestwaytoidentifythehighest
CHEMCADTutorials
dewpointtemperatureoftheproductgasistoplotallofthedewpointtemperatures oftheproductgas,i.e.,toplotaphaseenvelope. 1. StartwiththePlotmenu,whichprovidesaccesstoalltypesofgraphical reports.SelectPlot>PhaseEnvelopes.IntheSelectStreamsdialogbox, specifystream5,thenclickOKtobringupthePhaseEnvelopedialogbox. 2. Noentriesarerequiredonthisscreensinceyouonlyneedtolookatthe dewpointline,buttomaketheplotmoreinteresting,displaythe0.25andthe 0.5vaporfractionlinesinadditiontothenormalphaseenvelopeboundaries. CompletethedialogboxasshowninFigure1113.
Figure 11-13: Plotting vapor fraction lines along with the cricondentherm dewpoint
3. ClickOKtocontinue.CHEMCADperformtherequiredflashcalculationsto generatethespecifiedphaseenvelope.Phaseenveloperesultsareproduced intwoformats: Anumericaltabulation(table)ofthetemperature,pressure,vapor fraction,vaporcompressibilityfactor,andtheliquidcompressibility factor Agraphicalplotoftemperatureandpressureforeachvaporfractionline requested
Thetabularresultswillappearfirst;sinceyoureinterestedinthegraphical results,closethewindowdisplayingthetable.Thescreenwillnowlook similartoFigure1114.NotethatthemainCHEMCADbuttontoolbaris largelyunavailablenow,andthemenuitemshavechanged.
135
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-14: Phase envelope plot results
4. Todeterminewhetherthecricondenthermdewpointofstream5is20For less,zoominonthefarrightportionofthedewpointcurve.Todothis,click anddragwithyourmousetohighlightthatportionofthegraph approximately400to1000psiand0to30F.Whenyoureleasethemouse button,theselectedareawillfilltheentireplotwindow,givingyouaclose upviewofspecificdatapoints.
Figure 11-15: Zoomed-in plot results
5. Asthisviewshows,thehighestdewpointofthismixtureisalittlelessthan 20F,sothecricondenthermdewpointisindeedwithinthetargetproduct gasspecification.Rightclickthemouseanywhereintheplotwindowto returntothefullplotview. 6. Toprintthephaseenvelopeplot,clickthePrintbuttonandthenfollowany promptsfromyourprinter. 7. YoucanalsotrythefollowingtopracticeworkingwithplotsinCHEMCAD: Editthetextoftheplottitle(inthiscase,PhaseEnvelopeforStream5)orthe graphaxislabelsbyselectingGraph>EditTitles.IntheChartTitles

136
CHEMCADTutorials
dialogbox,makeanydesiredchangesandthenclickOKtoviewthe updatedchart. SelectGraph>EdittoopentheChartExplorer,whichprovidesaccessto settingsforcolor,size,layout,andvariousotheraspectsoftheplot presentation.
8. ReturntothemainCHEMCADwindowbyselectingFile>Close.
Checking the Bottoms Stream Purity

Thisproblemalsorequiresthatthepercentofpropaneinstream9be1%.Youcan checktoseeifyouveachievedthisspecificationbycheckingthestreamcomposition reportavailableontheReportmenu.First,though,youllneedtosettheflowunits forthestreamcomposition. 1. SelectReport>SetFlowUnitstobringuptheViewFlowRateUnitdialog box.ClicktheMole%buttonandthenclickOKtoapplythisselectionand closethedialogbox. 2. NowselectReport>StreamCompositions>SelectStreams.IntheSelect Streamsdialogbox,enter9andthenclickOKtocontinue. 3. Theresultingtabulardatawindowshowsthatpropaneisgreaterthanthe1% specification(seeFigure1116).Thismeansthattheinitialdesignistoo conservative.Tocorrectthis,youcangobackandrespecifythecolumnto produceprecisely1%propaneinthebottom.
Figure 11-16: Stream Composition report for stream 9
4. SelectFile>Exitinthetabulardatawindowtoreturntothemain CHEMCADwindow.
137
CHEMCADTutorials
Re-running the Simulation

Youcannowrerunthestabilizer,specifyingthatyouwant1%propaneinthe bottom. 1. DoubleclicktheTowerUnitOptobringuptheTOWRDistillationColumn dialogboxforthestabilizer. 2. ClicktheSpecificationstab.Youneedtochangethereboilermodefrom4 Bottommoleflowratetoapurityspecification.ClicktheSelectreboilersmode dropdownlistandselect6Bottomcomponentmolefraction. 3. Withthischangeofmode,youneedtospecifythedesiredpurityandthe componentforwhichitisbeingspecified.IntheSpecificationfield,enter.01. IntheComponentdropdownlist,select4Propane. 4. ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandreturntothemainCHEMCAD workspace. 5. Youcannowrerunthecalculationsforthecondensatestabilizer.Whileyou couldaccomplishthisusingtheRunAllcommand,itsmoreefficienttore runonlytheUnitOpthatyouhavechanged.Thequickestwaytodothisisto rightclicktheUnitOpiconontheflowsheetandselectRunthisUnitOp.Run theTowerUnitOpusingthismethod. AssoonasyouseetheRunfinishedmessageinthebottomleftcornerofthe CHEMCADwindow,youcancheckonthepropanecontentofthebottomstream. YouvealreadyseenhowtogetadetailedStreamCompositionreport;youcanalso usetheFlowsheetQuickviewfeaturetogetinstantstreaminformationwithouteven clickingthemouse. FindtheFlowsheetQuickviewbuttonatthefarrightendoftheCHEMCAD toolbar.Ifthisbuttonisnotcurrentlyactivated(withathinoutlineandawhite buttonbackground),clickthebuttontoturnonthisfeature.
Figure 11-17: Turning on the Flowsheet Quickview feature
WithFlowsheetQuickviewturnedon,pointyourmousecursoratstream9on theflowsheet.Afteramoment,apopupinformationwindowappears,listing streampropertiesincludingcomposition.Thevalueforpropaneshouldbe1orvery closeto1,asshowninFigure1118.
138
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-18: Checking the propane content of stream 9
Nowthatyouhaveachievedtheresultsthatyousetouttoproduce,savethe simulation,usingeitherFile>SaveortheSavebuttononthetoolbar.
Producing a Text Report

TheReportmenuoffersabroadarrayoftextreports,asdescribedinChapter8, OutputandReports.Forthepurposeofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttoview andprintoutareportwiththefollowinginformation: ForStreams1,5,8and9,thestreamcompositioninmassflowratesandmole fractions,aswellasthedefaultstreamproperties Theequipmentsummariesforeverypieceofequipmentintheflowsheet Towertrayprofilesforthecondensatestabilizer
Becauseyouwantareportwithabroadrangeofinformationaboutyour simulation,usetheConsolidatedReportoption. 1. SelectReport>ConsolidatedReporttobringuptheConsolidatedReport menu.Fromhere,youcanspecifyexactlywhatyouwanttoincludeinyour report. 2. Startbyspecifyingwhichstreamsyouwanttoinclude.ClickSelectStreams toopentheSelectStreamsdialogbox. 3. ClicktheAllstreamsboxtoclearthedefaultcheckmark,thentypethe numbers1,5,8,and9intostreamIDboxes.ClickOKtoreturntothe ConsolidatedReportmenu. 4. NowselectwhichUnitOpsyouwanttoinclude.ClickSelectUnit OperationstoopentheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox. 5. ThePrintallUnitOpsoptionisselectedbydefault.Inthiscase,youdowant toincludeallUnitOpsinthereport,soverifythatthisboxischeckedand thenclickOKtoreturntotheConsolidatedReportmenu. 6. ClickStreamPropertiestoopenthePropertyOptionsdialogbox.Here,you canselectanycombinationofitemsontheGeneralandCrude/Solidtabsto determinewhatstreampropertieswillbeincludedinthereport.Checked
CHEMCADTutorials
itemswillbeincludedbydefault;totoggleanyitemonoroff,simplyclick thecorrespondingbox. Forthepurposeofthistutorial,usethedefaultsettingsinthisdialogbox. ClickCanceltoclosethedialogboxandreturntotheConsolidatedReport menu. 7. ClickStreamFlowrate/CompositionstoopentheFlow/CompositionOptions dialogbox.ClickthecheckedboxnexttoMoleflowratetoturnoffthis defaultoption.Then,clicktheMassflowrateandMolefractionsboxesto turnbothofthoseoptionson.ClickOKtosaveyoursettingsandreturnto theConsolidatedReportmenu. 8. Finally,specifywhichinformationtoprintforthecondensatestabilizer distillationcolumnbyclickingDistillationSummaries.IntheDistillation Optionsdialogbox,theinformationyourelookingtoprintTrayprofileis alreadyselected.ClickOKtoreturnforthelasttimetotheConsolidated Reportmenu. 9. Togeneratethereport,clickCalculateandGiveResults.Thereportdisplays inaseparatewindow,withaformatsuitableforprinting.Youcanedit,save, andprintthereportasneeded. 10. Whenyoufinishreviewingandworkingwiththereport,closethereport windowtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
Generating a Process Flow Diagram

Asyouknow,thestreamsandUnitOpsonaflowsheetonlytellpartofthestoryof yourprocess.Fortunately,CHEMCADprovidesmanyfeaturestohelpyouaddthe extracontentneededtoturnaplainflowsheetintoafullfledgedprocessflow diagram(PFD)forotherstoreviewanduse. ToprepareyourfinishedsimulationtobeprintedasaPFD,youlladdastream databoxcontainingtheheatandmaterialbalancefortheentireflowsheet.Youll placethatdataboxunderneaththeflowsheetdiagramandthenaddatitletothearea abovetheflowsheet.Finally,youwillcreateanewlayerinthissimulationand assignthePFDspecificitemstothatlayer,sothatyoucanhidethemfromview whenworkinganddisplaythemagainquicklyforprinting. FollowthesestepstoprepareandprintthePFD: 1. Startbyzoomingouttogiveyourselfmoreworkspace.Ifyouuseamouse thatisequippedwithascrollwheelbetweenthemousebuttons,youcan pointatthecenterofyourflowsheetandrollthescrollwheeldownafew clickstozoomout.Ifyoudonthaveascrollwheel,youcanselectView> ZoomOptions>Out. 2. Nowplacethedataboxcontainingtheheatandmaterialbalanceforthis flowsheet.SelectFormat>AddStreamBoxtobringuptheSelectStreams
CHEMCADTutorials
dialogbox.Becauseyouwanttoincludeallstreams,leavethesettingsthe waytheyareandclickOKtocontinue. 3. IntheDataboxPropertyOptionsdialogbox,reviewthedefaultselections, indicatedbycheckedboxes.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,leavethe selectionsastheyareandclickOKtocontinue. 4. IntheDataboxSettingsdialogbox,youcancontrolthefontstyleandsizeof thedataboxtext,aswellastheuseofdividinglineswithinthebox.Accept thedefaultsettingshereandclickOK. 5. ThestreamdataboxappearsintheupperleftcorneroftheCHEMCAD workspace,butyouwanttoplaceitbelowtheflowsheet.Thedataboxis alreadyselected,sopointyourmousecursoranywhereinsidetheboxand thenclickanddragtorepositionit.Movethedataboxuntilitiscentered belowtheflowsheetdiagram.
Note:Youcanalsoresizeadataboxbyselectingtheboxandthenclickingand
dragginganyofthesizinghandlesatthecorners.Dragintomakethedatabox smaller,orouttomakeitlarger;noticethatthetextadjustsinsizetofitthebox. 6. NowplaceatitleonthePFDtodescribetheprocess.IntheAllUnitOpsor DrawingSymbolspalette,findandselecttheTexttool. 7. Movethecursortoapointsomewhereabovetheflowsheetandclickthe primarymousebutton.Averticalinsertionpointlinebeginstoblinkwhere youhaveclicked.TypethewordsCondensateStabilizerPFDandthenclick anyblankspotontheCHEMCADworkspace. 8. Tomakethistextlarger,selectFormat>Font.IntheFontdialogbox,change theSizesettingto18andthenclickOK. 9. Clickanddragthenewheadingtocenteritabovetheflowsheetdiagram. 10. Finally,setupalayerforyourstreamdataboxandtitlesothatyoucan displayorhidetheseitemsasasingleunit.AtthebottomoftheCHEMCAD Explorerpane,clicktheSimulationtab,thenrightclicktheLayersitemand selectNew.
141
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-19: Creating a new layer using the CHEMCAD Explorer
11. IntheNewLayerdialogbox,typeanameforthenewlayer.Forthis example,namethelayerPFDElements,thenclickOKtocreatethelayer. 12. NowaddthetwoPFDelementstothelayer.Clickthetitlethatyouplaced abovetheflowsheet,thenholddownthe[SHIFT]keyandclickinsidethe streamdataboxthatyouplacedbelowtheflowsheet.Bothitemsshouldnow beselected,withsmallblackboxesvisibleineachcorner. 13. IntheCHEMCADExplorerpane,doubleclicktheLayersitemtoexpandit, thenrightclickonyournewlycreatedPFDElementslayerandclickAdd Selected.
Figure 11-20: Adding selected items to your new layer
14. ThetitleandstreamdataboxarenowpartofthePFDElementslayer.This layerisvisible,asindicatedbythegreencheckmarkonitsicon.Clickthis iconorthenamePFDElementstotogglethelayeroff,causingthetitleand streamdataboxtodisappear;thenclickagaintomakethemvisible. 15. WiththePFDelementsvisible,selectView>ZoomOptions>ZoomtoFit. ThiscustomfitstheentirePFDtotheavailableworkspaceforoptimal printing.Toprint,youcaneitherselectFile>PrintorclickthePrintbutton

CHEMCADTutorials
onthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.Followthepromptsforyourprinterto completetheprintingprocess. 16. TocloseCHEMCAD,selectFile>Close,orclicktheClosebuttoninthe upperrightcorneroftheCHEMCADwindow.ClickYesatthemessage askingwhetheryouwanttoexitCHEMCAD,thenclickYesagaintosave changestothesimulation.
143
CHEMCADTutorials
CC-THERM Tutorial
Thistutorialwalksyouthroughtheratingofaheatexchanger.Theexampleyoull workwithisthecondensatestabilizerexampledescribedintheCCSTEADYSTATE tutorial,whichlookslikethis:
WhileitsrecommendedthatanewCHEMCADuserbuildthissimulationfrom thegrounduptogainproficiencywiththesoftware,areadymadeexamplecalled CHEMCADTutorial.CC6isalsoavailable.Thisfileislocatedbydefaultinthe directorycalledMyDocuments\MySimulations\Examples\Tutorials. Yourobjectiveistoratethefirstheatexchangerinthisflowsheet.Theequipment youreworkingwithisacountercurrentgas/gasheatexchangerwiththefollowing geometryanddimensions:

144
TEMAclass=R TEMAtype=BEM Foulingfactors=0.001bothsides Shellinsidediameter=27 Numberoftubes=646 Tubeoutsidediameter=0.75 Tubewallthickness=0.065 Tubelength=20 Tubepattern=rotatedtriangular(60) Tubepitch=0.9375 Baffles:10,equallyspaced Baffletype=singlesegmental Bafflecut=35%(diameter) Impingementplatepresent Shellsidenozzles=one,12
CHEMCADTutorials
Tubesidenozzles=one,12 BaffletoshellI.D.clearance=0.3125(diameter) ShellI.D.toOTLclearance=0.35433(diameter) Tubetobaffleholeclearance=0.035(diameter) Spaceattopofbundle=2.8 Carbonsteeltubes;allothermaterialsA285C 5rowspersealingstrip
Overview of the Heat Exchanger Sizing Process

TheCCTHERMmoduleenablesyoutogenerateheatcurvesandspecifyheat exchangers.Thisprocessinvolvesthefollowingsteps: 1. Identifythetubesidestream. 2. Generateandfinalizetheheatcurveandpropertiesonbothsidesofthe exchanger. 3. Definegeneralinformationabouttheexchanger. 4. Specifyanydesiredtubedata. 5. Specifyanydesiredshelldata. 6. Specifyanydesiredbaffledata. 7. Specifyanydesirednozzledata. 8. Specifyanydesiredspecificclearances. 9. Specifythematerialsusedintheconstructionoftheheatexchanger. 10. Specifyanydesiredmiscellaneousdata. 11. Runthesizingcalculations. 12. Reviewresultsandcreateplotsasneeded.
Identify the Tube-side Stream

OncethesimulationiscompleteinCCSTEADYSTATE,youcanstartsizingthefirst heatexchangerbyidentifyingthetubesidestream: 1. ClickonthefirstheatexchangericonandthenselectSizing>Heat Exchangers>Shell&Tube. 2. Amessageboxpromptsyoutoselectastreamenteringtheexchangerstube side.ClickOKtocontinue. 3. AttheSelectStreamsdialogbox,eithertype1orclickstream1onthe flowsheet,thenclickOK.
145
CHEMCADTutorials
4. CCTHERMdisplaysdataforallfourstreamsaroundtheexchangerina separatereportwindow.Revieworprintthedataasneededandthenclose thereportwindow.
Generate the Heat Curve

Oncethetubesidestreamisidentified,CCTHERMpromptsyouthroughthesetup oftheheatcurve.TheHeatCurveParametersdialogboxdisplaysassoonasyou closethereportfromthepreviousstep.
Figure 11-21: The Heat Curve Parameters dialog box
Toaccountforthechangeinphysicalpropertiesacrosstheheatexchanger,CC THERMdividestheanalysisintozones.Thesezonesarethermodynamicsegments basedonequaltemperaturechangesorequalenthalpyincrements.Therearetwo optionstochoosefrom: Equalenthalpy:Incrementsofequalenthalpychange Bubbledewpoint:Incrementsofequalenthalpychangebetweenthedew andbubblepoints,withseparatezonesforsuperheatingandsubcoolingif present
Thedefaultsettingisthebubbledewpointoption.Foreithersegmentation method,youcanalsodecidehowmanyzonestocalculatefortheexchanger.The morezonesyouspecify,themoreaccuratethecalculationswillbe,butcalculations willalsobeslower.Theindustrystandardis10zones(11points),whichisthe defaultentryhere,butyoucanselectanynumberbymakinganentryinthe Numberofcuttingpointsfield.Bearinmindthatthenumberofpointsequalsthe numberofzonesplusone. Forthistutorial,leaveallthedefaultsettingsandclickOKtocontinue.CC THERMcalculatesthe11pointsneededfortheheatcurveanddisplaysaplotlike theoneshowninFigure1122.
146
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-22: Heat curve plot for first heat exchanger
Thisplotenablesyoutoinspectthecalculatedheatcurveforanyobvious problemsinthesetupoftheanalysis.ClickOKtoclosethiswindowandcontinue.
Define General Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledGeneralSpecifications.Here,youcanprovide basicinformationgoverningheatexchangercalculations,suchasprocesstype, allowablepressuredrop,foulingfactor,TEMAclassandtype,andsoforth. Thisdialogboxhastwotabs,andmostofthefieldsonbothtabshavedefault settings.ThetabthatinitiallydisplaysiscalledGeneralInformation,anditincludes thefollowingsettings: Calculationmode:Thisentrydetermineswhetheryouaredesigningor ratingaheatexchanger.UsethedefaultsettingofRating. TEMAclass/standard:ThisentryspecifiestheexchangersTEMAclass, whichisprimarilyafunctionofitsmechanicaldetails.Usethedefaultsetting ofTEMAR. Orientation:Thisentryspecifieswhethertheexchangerismounted horizontallyorvertically.UsethedefaultsettingofHorizontal. TEMAfrontendhead,TEMAshelltype,andTEMArearendhead:To establishthebasicconfigurationoftheexchanger,youmustdefinethese characteristicsoftheexchangeraccordingtoTEMAdesignations.The simplestandmostcommonkindofexchangerisafixedtubesheet,orBEM, TEMAtype.SelectBBonnetforthefronthead,EOnePassfortheshell type,andMFixedTubesheet(Bhead)fortherearhead. Processtype:Insomecases,youmustidentifytheprocesstype,forexample inthecaseofpoolboilingorfallingfilmcondensation.Inthiscase,usethe
147
CHEMCADTutorials
defaultselectionofSensibleFlowforbothtubesideandshellside,asthere isnophasechangeoneithersideoftheexchanger. FoulingfactorToallowforfoulingontheinsideandoutsideofthetube, youcanenterfoulingfactors.Usethedefaultsettingof0.001(Englishunits) onbothsides.
OntheModelingMethodstab,youcanselecttheformulastobeusedincertain aspectsoftheheatexchangercalculations.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,usethe programsdefaultselections.ClickOKtocontinue.
Set Tube Specifications

TheTubeSpecificationsdialogboxnowappears,populatedwithdefaultentriesin allfields.
Figure 11-23: The Tube Specifications dialog box
Enter646intheNumberoftubesfieldandclickOKtocontinue.
Set Shell Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledShellSpecifications.
Figure 11-24: The Shell Specifications dialog box
148
CHEMCADTutorials
Theonlyvaluethatyouneedtospecifyhereistheshelldiameter.Unlessyou checktheUsestandardpipeasshellbox,CCTHERMassumesthatthevalue enteredhereistheactualshellinsidediameter.Type2.25(theequivalentinfeetto 27)intheShelldiameterfieldandthenclickOKtocontinue.

Note: TheCHEMCADsuitehasahandybuiltinconversionfeaturethatcanhelp
wheninputfieldsrequireadifferentunitofmeasurethanthedatayouhave.Place yourcursorinanynumericdataentryfield,andthenpress[F6]tobringupadialog boxthatoffersconversionunitsrelevanttotheselectedfield.Typethevalueyou haveintheappropriatefieldandpress[ENTER]toconverttootherunits.Verifythe resultsoftheconversionandthenclickOK.CHEMCADautomaticallyselectsthe appropriateunitsforthefieldandentersthatconvertedvalue.
Set Baffle Specifications

TheBaffleSpecificationsdialogboxdisplaysnext.
Figure 11-25: The Baffle Specifications dialog box
Mostofthedefaultentrieshereareappropriateforthisexample;youdo, however,needtospecifythebafflespacingandbafflecut.
Baffle Spacing
Allthatyouknowforthepurposesofbafflespacingisthatthereare10baffles equallyspaced.Eraseanydefaultvaluesforspacingandenter10intheNumberof bafflesfield.CCTHERMwillcalculateequalspacingforthebaffles.
Baffle Cut Percent

Thebafflecutpercentcanbebasedeitherondiameteroronarea.TheBasisofcut fieldidentifiesthebasisforthespecifiedcut;usethedefaultsettingofDiameter,and enter35intheBafflecutpercentfield.ClickOKtocontinue.
Set Nozzle Specifications

TheNozzleSpecificationsdialogboxnowappears.
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-26: The Nozzle Specifications dialog box
Thedefaultentriesareacceptableforthisexample,soyouonlyneedtoenterthe insidediameterfortheinletandoutletnozzlesonboththetubeandshellsides.All ofthesenozzleshave1internaldiameters. Enter1ineachofthefourfieldsatthetopofthedialogbox,thenclickOKto continue.
Set Clearance Specifications

YouwillnowseetheClearanceSpecificationsdialogbox.
Figure 11-27: The Clearance Specifications dialog box
CCTHERMalwaysdefaultstoTEMAclearances,sonormallynoentryis requiredinthisdialogbox.Inthiscase,theclearancesareknown,soyoushould enterthemintheeventtheydonotconformexactlytoTEMA.Youcanusethe[F6] featurenotedearlierinthistutorialtoconvertthegivenclearancesfrominchesto feet. Also,becausethereisanimpingementplate,youneedtoenterthespaceatthe topofthebundle.Type0.233333intheSpaceatTopofBundlefieldandthenclick OKtocontinue.

CHEMCADTutorials
Set Material Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledMaterialSpecifications.
Figure 11-28: The Material Specifications dialog box
Here,youcanspecifythematerialsofconstructionfortheheatexchanger.For thisexample,usethedefaultentries:carbonsteelforthetubesandA285Cforall othermaterials.ClickOKtocontinue
Set Miscellaneous Specifications

ThelastdialogboxtoappeariscalledMiscellaneousSpecifications.
Figure 11-29: The Miscellaneous Specifications dialog box
TheonlyfieldthatisimportanttothisexampleisRowsperSealingStrip.The defaultentryof5iswhattheexamplecallsfor,soleavethedialogboxasitisand clickOKtocontinue.
Run Sizing Calculations

Nowthatyouhavespecifiedheatexchangerdatainalloftherequireddialogboxes, theShellandTubeExchangermenuappears.Notethatthismenuiswhatyouwill
CHEMCADTutorials
seeifyoureturntoshellandtubesizingforthisexchangeratanytimeafterthis initialspecification.
Figure 11-30: The Shell and Tube Exchanger menu
ClicktheCalculatebuttononthemenu.Thecalculationwillrunveryfast, showingruntimemessagesonthestatusbarandthenreturningyoutotheShelland TubeExchangermenu.
Review Results and Create Plots

Nowthatcalculationsarecomplete,youcanclicktheViewResultsbuttontoseethe resultoftheheatexchangercalculations.TheViewResultsmenuwillappear.
Figure 11-31: The View Results menu
Clickanyofthesebuttonstoviewvariousreportsoneverythingfrombaffle parameterstovibrationanalysis.Whenyouselectareport,thedatadisplaysina
CHEMCADTutorials
separatewindow,whichyoucanrevieworprintandthenclose.Toreturntothe ShellandTubeExchangermenuatanytime,clicktheExitbutton. YoucanalsodisplayresultsgraphicallybyclickingPlot.ThisopensthePlot menu,fromwhichyoucanselectavarietyofzonebyzonegraphs.
Figure 11-32: The Plot menu
Theseplotsopeninaplotwindow,justliketheheatcurveplotthatyouwesaw atthebeginningofthistutorial.WhenyouclickOKtocloseanyplot,youwillreturn totheShellandTubeExchangermenu. Youcanalsoprinttabulated,hardcopyreportsusingtheSelectReportsand GenerateReportsoptionsontheShellandTubeExchangermenu.First,clickSelect ReportstobringuptheReportSelectiondialogbox.
Figure 11-33: The Report Selection dialog box
SelecteitherWordPadorExcelasyourreportviewer,andchecktheboxesforthe reportsthatyouwanttogenerate.ClickOKtoreturntotheShellandTube Exchangermenu,thenclickGenerateReports.Allofthereportsthatyouselected willbegeneratedanddisplayedusingtheviewerthatyouchose. Youcannowrevieworprintthereport;whenyouclosethereportwindow,you willreturntotheShellandTubeExchangermenu.ClickExittoclosethemenu,then clickYeswhenaskedwhetheryouwanttosaveyourchanges.
153
CHEMCADTutorials
CC-BATCH Tutorial
ThistutorialwalksyouthroughtheprocessofusingCCBATCHtosimulateabatch distillationcolumn.
Description of the Problem

Thesimulationyouwillcreateisafivestepbatchdistillationcampaign,as illustratedinFigure1134.Theobjectiveistoseparate100lbmolofmixedpropane, butane,pentane,andhexaneintothreeseparatetanks,producing99%purebutane.
Figure 11-34: The batch distillation flowsheet
Thefollowingaredetailedspecificationsforthisproblem: ThermodynamicSelections K-value:PengRobinson Enthalpy:PengRobinson ColumnSpecifications InitialChargeConditions Temperature:Calculated Pressure:16.7psia VaporFraction:0atbubblepoint Totalamountofcharge: 100lbmol InitialChargeComposition(molefrac) Propane: 0.1 N-Butane: 0.3 N-Pentane: 0.1 N-Hexane: 0.5 No.ofinternalstages:8 No.ofoperations:5 Internalstageholdup:0.01ft3 Condenserholdup:0.1ft3 Condenserpressure:14.7psia Columnpressuredrop:2psia
154
CHEMCADTutorials
OperatingStep1 OperatingStep3 Purpose:Butaneproduction Refluxratio:25 Distillatemolarflowrate:2 Stopwhen:Accumulatormole fractionofNButaneis0.99 Materialstobeaddedatstart:20 lbmolofmolefraction40%N Butane/60%NHexane,atits bubblepointat16.7psia OperatingStep4 Purpose:Pentaneremoval Refluxratio:15 Distillatemolarflowrate:2 Stopwhen:Distillatemolefractionof NHexaneis0.2 Materialstobeaddedatstart:None Purpose:Propaneremoval Refluxratio:5 Distillatemolarflowrate:2 Stopwhen:Distillatemole fractionofNButaneis0.2 Materialstobeaddedatstart: None OperatingStep2 Purpose:Propaneremoval Refluxratio:20 Distillatemolarflowrate:2 Stopwhen:Distillatemolefractionof NButaneis0.985 Materialstobeaddedatstart:None
OperatingStep5 Purpose:Pentaneremoval Refluxratio:25 Distillatemolarflowrate:2 Stopwhen:Bottommolefraction ofNHexaneis0.9998 Materialstobeaddedatstart: None
Overview of the Batch Distillation Process

Theprocessofbuildingtheflowsheetandsimulatingthebatchdistillationinvolves thefollowingsteps: 1. Createanewsimulation. 2. Selectengineeringunits. 3. Drawtheflowsheet. 4. Selectthecomponents. 5. Selectthermodynamicoptions.
CHEMCADTutorials
6. Specifypotcharge. 7. Specifythedistillationcolumn. 8. Defineoperatingsteps. 9. Runthesimulation. 10. Reviewtheresultsandprintasneeded.
Creating a New Simulation

Startbycreatinganewsimulationandgivingitaname. Todothis,launchCHEMCADandthenSelectFile>SavetoopentheSaveAs dialogbox.Navigatetothedirectorywhereyouwanttostorethesimulation(tryMy Simulations,locatedunderMyDocuments)andgiveyoursimulationaname, leavingthetypeasCHEMCAD6(*.cc6).ThenclickSavetocreatethefileandreturn tothemainCHEMCADwindow.

SelectFormat>EngineeringUnitstoopentheEngineeringUnitSelectiondialog box. TheEnglishunitsoptionisthedefaultandiscurrentlyhighlighted.Tochange theengineeringunitssystem,youwouldclicktheAltSI,SI,orMetricbutton;you couldthenchangeanyoftheindividualunitsaswell.Forthistutorial,youwilluse Englishunits,soclickCanceltoexitthisdialogboxwithoutmakingchanges.

AsdescribedinChapter5,creatingaflowsheetisamatterofplacingUnitOpicons onthescreen,connectingthemwithstreams,andthenaddingvariousgraphical objectstoenhancethedrawing.
Placing UnitOps
BeginbyplacingtheBatchColumnunitonthescreen. 1. OntheAllUnitOpspalette,clicktheBatchcolumntool(seeFigure1135) andthenclickinthemainCHEMCADworkspace.Thebatchcolumnicon appearswhereyouclicked.
Figure 11-35: The icon representing a batch column
2. ClicktheTanktool(seeFigure1136).Ontheworkspace,clicktotherightof thebatchcolumntoplaceatankicon.Thenclickjustbelowthefirsttank,and
CHEMCADTutorials
clickagainbelowthesecondtank.Whenyouhaveplacedallthreetankson theflowsheet,rightclicktodeactivatetheTanktool.
Figure 11-36: The tank icon
3. ClicktheProducttool(seeFigure1137)andinsimilarfashion,placethree productarrowsontheflowsheet,eachonebelowandtotherightofatank icon.RightclicktodeactivatetheProducttool.
Figure 11-37: The product icon
Drawing Streams
NowthatalloftheUnitOpsareinplace,selecttheStreamtoolandconnecteach tanksoutlettothenearestproductarrow.Thesearetheonlystreamsthatyouneed forthistutorial.
Note:Inthissimulation,thebatchdistillationcolumntransfersproductstothetanks
baseduponbatchoperationparametersthatyouprovide.Streamconnections betweenthecolumnandthetanksarenotnecessary,andareambiguousgiventhe dynamicnatureofsuchstreams. Rememberthateachstreammuststartataredoutletpointontheupstream UnitOp,andendatablueinletpointonthedownstreamUnitOp.Toavoidhavingto reselecttheStreamtooleachtime,makesurethatassoonasyouclicktocomplete onestream,youmovethecursortothenextlocationandclicktostartthenext stream. Asyoudrawstreams,CHEMCADassignsstreamIDs,justasitassignedUnitOp IDswhenyoucreatedthoseitems.ThelabelsforstreamIDsaredisplayedin squares,todistinguishthemfromtheUnitOpIDsdisplayedincircles. Atthispoint,theflowsheetshouldlooksimilartoFigure1134.
157
CHEMCADTutorials
Selecting Components
Nowyouneedtoidentifythecomponentstobeusedinthissimulation.Startby selectingThermophysical>SelectComponents. Forthisexample,youllchoosecomponentsfromthestandardCHEMCAD database.IntheSelectComponentsdialogbox,findandaddeachneeded component. 1. Holddownthe[CTRL]keyonyourkeyboardasyouclickeachofthe followingcomponentsinturn: 4 6 8 10 Propane NButane NPentane NHexane
2. Clicktherightarrowbutton,locatedtotherightoftheAvailableComponents area,toaddalloftheselectedcomponentstoyoursimulation.TheSelect ComponentsdialogboxshouldnowlooklikeFigure1138.
Figure 11-38: The completed Select Components dialog box
3. SaveyourcomponentselectionsbyclickingOK.
Selecting Thermodynamic Options

Assoonasyouhavefinishedcomponentselection,theThermodynamicsWizard appears.Thistoolcansuggestthermodynamicsoptionstousewiththissimulation. CHEMCADsThermodynamicsWizardworkslikethis: 1. First,itlooksatthecomponentlistanddecideswhatgeneraltypeofmodelis required,i.e.,equationofstate,activitymodel,etc. 2. Second,itlooksattemperatureandpressurerangesthatyouprovideand decideswhichequationwithinagivencategoryisbestatthelimitsofthose ranges.
CHEMCADTutorials
3. Ifthemethodisanactivitymodel,theprogramthenlooksattheBIP databasetoseewhichmodelhasthemostdatasetsforthecurrentproblem. ItthencalculatesthefractionalcompletenessoftheBIPmatrix.Ifthatfraction isgreaterthantheBIPthresholdparameter,itusesthechosenactivity method;ifnot,itusesUNIFAC. TheThermodynamicsWizardisnoreplacementforengineeringjudgment.Thistool usesanalgorithmbasedongeneralrules,andisthereforefallible.Thesuggested modelmightnotalwaysbethebestmodelforthesystem. Selectingthermodynamicoptionsbasicallymeansselectingamodelormethod forcalculatingvaporliquid(orvaporliquidliquid)phaseequilibrium(calledtheK valueoption)andselectingamethodormodelforcalculatingtheheatbalance(called theenthalpyoption).Thecommandsfortheseselectionsarelocatedonthe Thermophysicalmenu. CHEMCADhasalibraryofdozensofKvaluemodelswithavarietyofoptions andabout12enthalpymodels.Makingtheproperselectionfromtheselibrariescan sometimesbedifficult.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttouse thePengRobinsonmethodforboththeKvalueandenthalpycalculations.Follow thesestepstoselectyourthermophysicaloptions: 1. AcceptthedefaulttemperatureandpressurerangesintheThermodynamics WizardandclickOK. 2. ClickOKagaintoacceptthewizardssuggestedmethodofSRK. 3. WhentheThermodynamicSettingsdialogboxopens,findtheGlobalK ValueOptionselection,intheupperleftcorneroftheKValueModelstab. ThecurrentsettingisSRK,butforthepurposesofthetutorial,youllneedto selectthePengRobinsonmodel.Clickthedownarrowattherightendofthe selectionboxtoviewalonglistofKvaluechoices,thenclickPeng Robinson.
Figure 11-39: The new K-value selection in the Thermodynamic Settings dialog box
159
CHEMCADTutorials
4. NowclicktheEnthalpyModelstab.ThePengRobinsonmethodhasalready beenenteredastheGlobalEnthalpyOptionsselection;thiswasdone automaticallybecauseyouchosePengRobinsonasyourKvaluemethod. Whileyoudohavetheoptiontooverridethischoice,inthiscaseyoullneed tokeepthePengRobinsonmodel;leaveallsettingsastheyareandclickOK toreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace. Forthepurposeofthistutorial,thethermodynamicselectionsarenowcomplete.

Note:WhileyouarenotrequiredtousetheThermodynamicsWizard,youshould
knowhowtouseit,ifonlyasastartingpointforyoursimulations.Youcanrevisit thewizardatanytimebyselectingThermophysical>ThermodynamicsWizard.
Specifying Pot Charge

Nowthatyouhavethermodynamicsandcomponentsdefinedforthissimulation, andyouhaveabatchcolumnintheflowsheet,youcandefinethepotchargeforthe column. Youwillspecifythepotchargeaccordingtothefollowingrules: TheTempF,Prespsia,VaporFraction,andEnthalpyMMBtu/hfieldsare thethermodynamicpropertiesofthecharge.AccordingtotheGibbsPhaseRule, onceamixturescompositionisgiven,specifyinganytwoofthesefour thermodynamicpropertieswilldefinetheothertwo.Assuch,definingthe composition,temperature,andpressureforamixtureuniquelydefinesits vaporfractionandenthalpy.Alternatively,definingthecomposition, pressure,andenthalpywilluniquelydefinethemixturestemperatureand vaporfraction. Sinceenthalpiesarecalculatedrelativetoadatum,thecalculationofany givenenthalpyisaninvolvedprocesswhichispronetoerrors.Forthis reason,CHEMCADdoesnotpermityoutoenterenthalpyasaconstraint. Inadditiontodefiningthepotcomposition,youmustdefineexactlytwoof thefollowingproperties:temperature,pressure,andvaporfraction.Thetwo variablesthatyouspecifywilldisplayasredtext,whilethethirdvariable andthevalueenthalpywillbedisplayedinblackwhenyouflashthecharge. TheTotalflowunitandCompunitfieldsworktogethertoprovideavariety ofwaystodefinechargecomposition.Iftheselectedcompunitismole,mass, orvolumefraction(eithergloballyorlocally),thentheTotalflowunit selectionisavailable.Iftheselectedcompunitisanamountoption,thenthe totalchargebecomesthesumofthecomponentquantities,andtheTotal flowunitselectionisnotavailable. IftheCompunitfieldselectionisanamountunit(asopposedtoafractional unit),thenthecomponentchargevaluesareautomaticallyaddedasyou enterthem.ThecurrentsumisdisplayedintheTotalflowfield.
160
CHEMCADTutorials
YoucanclicktheFlashbuttonatanytimetoperformaflashcalculation usingthecurrentlyspecifiedcompositionandthermodynamicproperties. Thisenablesyoutoobtainflashcalculationsquicklyandwithoutleavingthe dialogbox. Fractionsthatdonotaddupto1.0areautomaticallynormalizedwhenyou eitherclickFlashorexitthedialogbox.
Withtheserulesandbehaviorsinmind,enterthedataforyourpotcharge: 1. DoubleclickthebatchcolumntoopentheEditBatchChargedialogbox.
Figure 11-40: The Edit Batch Charge dialog box
2. InthePrespsiafield,type16.7,thenpress[TAB]andtype0intheVapor Fractionfield.
Note:Itsimportantthatyouactuallytypea0overtheexisting0entryintheVapor
Fractionfield.ThistellsCCBATCHthatyouarechoosingtospecifyavapor fraction. 3. IntheCompunitfield,selectmolefrac.Youcannowtypeavalueof100in theTotalflowfield. 4. Type0.1inthePropanefield,andtheninsimilarfashion,typethefollowing numbersinthecorrespondingfields: NButane:0.3 NPentane:0.1 NHexane:0.5
5. ClickOKtosavethischargeinformationandcontinue.
161
CHEMCADTutorials
Specifying the Distillation Column

Whenyouhavespecifiedthepotcharge,CCBATCHdisplaystheBatchDistillation Columndialogbox.
Figure 11-41: The Batch Distillation Column dialog box
MakethefollowingentriesontheGeneraltabofthisdialogbox: Numberofstages:8 Numberofoperationsteps:5 Stageholdup:.01 Condenserholdup:1 Condpressure:14.7 Colmpresdrop:2
Whenyouhaveenteredtheseparameters,clickOKtosavethedataand continue.
162
CHEMCADTutorials
Defining the Operating Steps

Whenyouhavecompletedtheinitialcolumnspecification,theBatchOperation Parametersdialogboxappears.
Figure 11-42: The Batch Operation Parameters dialog box
Inthisdialogbox,youlldefinetheparametersforeachoperatingstepofthe batchcampaign.Beforeyoubegin,youneedtounderstandhowCCBATCHhandles tankassignments. TheProductassignmentfieldsidentifytheaccumulatortowhichaproductor decantstreamwillbesent.Youcanusethisoptionevenifyoudonotplacetankson theflowsheet;simplydesignatingaUnitOpIDnumberissufficient.Inthiscase,its importantthatyoudesignateaUnitOpIDthatisnotalreadyinuse. SinceCCBATCHpermitsvaporliquidliquiddistillation,theremaybetwo liquidphasesinthecondenser,possiblygivingrisetodecantingofonephaseorthe other.TheDistillateTank#fieldentryrepresentsthetankthataccumulatesthe distillate.TheDecanterTank#fieldentryrepresentsthetankthataccumulatesthe decantedliquid,ifany.
Operating Step 1
Foroperatingstep1,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters dialogbox: ChangetheStartupoptionfieldto1Startwithtotalreflux. IntheProductassignmentarea,enter2intheDistillatetank#field. IntheFirstspecvaluefield,enter5asthevalueoftherefluxratio. IntheSecondspecvaluefield,enter2.
163
CHEMCADTutorials
IntheOperationstepstopoptionsarea,settheStopwhenoptiontoDistillate, settheMeasuredvariableoptiontoMolefraction,andenter0.2intheStop valuefield.IntheComponentfieldthatnowappears,select2NButane. IntheMin.runtimefield,enter0.5.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothenextoperating step.
Operating Step 2
Foroperatingstep2,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters dialogbox: Enter2intheDistillatetank#field. Enter20intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield. StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNButaneinthedistillateis 0.985.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothenextoperating step.
Operating Step 3
Followthesestepsforoperatingstep3: 1. MakethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParametersdialogbox: Enter3intheDistillatetank#field. Enter25intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield. StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNButaneinthe accumulatoris0.99.
2. ClicktheAdditionalSettingstab.Hereyouwillspecifytheadditionof20 molesofmixturetothepot,withacompositionof40%butaneand60% hexane.ChecktheAddmaterialtopotboxandthenclickOKtobringupthe EditBatchChargedialogbox. 3. InthePrespsiafield,type16.7,thenpress[TAB]andtype0intheVapor Fractionfield. 4. Enterthefollowingcompositionsettings: SettheCompunitfieldtomolefrac. Enter0.6intheNButanefield. Enter0.4intheNHexanefield. Enter20intheTotalflowfield.
5. ClickOKtocontinuetothenextoperatingstep.
164
CHEMCADTutorials
Operating Step 4
Foroperatingstep4,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters dialogbox: Enter4intheDistillatetank#field. Enter15intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield. StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNHexaneinthedistillateis0.2. IntheMin.runtimefield,enter0.5.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtomoveontothefinaloperating step.
Operating Step 5
Foroperatingstep5,makethefollowingentriesintheBatchOperationParameters dialogbox: Enter4intheDistillatetank#field. Enter25intheFirstspecvaluefieldand2intheSecondspecvaluefield. StoptheoperationwhenthemolefractionofNHexaneintheresidual chargeatthebottomofthecolumnis0.9998. IntheMin.runtimefield,enter0.5.
Whenyouhavemadetheseentries,clickOKtocontinue.
The Run Time Information Dialog Box

Atthecompletionofthelastoperatingstep,theRunTimeInformationdialogbox displays.Here,youcanchoosewhichvariableswillbeplottedwhenyourunthe simulation.
Figure 11-43: The Run Time Information dialog box
165
CHEMCADTutorials
Forthisexample,thedefaultdisplayaplotofdistillatemolefractionsforall fourcomponentsiswhatyouwant,soclickOKtobringuptheBatchDistillation menu.
Figure 11-44: The Batch Distillation menu
Thismenuprovidesaccesstotheentryscreensforalldefinedoperationsteps,as wellasoptionsforinserting,deleting,andcopyingoperationsteps.Youmightwant toreviewtheoperatingstepsandverifyyourentriesbeforerunningthesimulation. Whenyouarefinished,clicktheExitbuttontoclosethemenu.

Torunthesimulation,clicktheRunAlltoolbarbutton.CCBATCHfirstchecksthe inputdataforerrorsoromissions.Youmayseethefollowingtypesofmessages: Errormessagesmustbefixedbeforethesimulationcanproceed.Under specificationofthebatchcolumnwouldbeanexampleofthistypeoferror. Warningmessagesareusuallyinputomissions,whichmayormaynotcause problemsuponexecution.Thesearenonfatalerrorsthatdonotnecessarily needtobecorrectedpriortosimulation.
Assumingthatyoucorrectlyspecifiedthepotchargeandsubsequentoperation steps,youshouldseenomessages;theprogramwillproceeddirectlytothe calculation. Youwillseethedistillatemolefractionsplottedonthescreeninaplotwindow. Eachtimetheprogramproceedstothenextoperatingstep,anewplotwindowwill open,alongwithanewtabatthebottomofthemainCHEMCADworkspace. Duringtherun,onlythecurrentstepsplotisvisible.Whenthesimulationis finished,thedynamicplotwillquitscrollingandaRunfinishedmessagewillappear atthefarleftendoftheCHEMCADstatusbar. Aftertherun,youcanviewtheplotforaparticularoperatingstepbyclicking thecorrespondingtabatthebottomoftheCHEMCADworkspace.Tocloseany plotstab,clicktheClosebutton(markedwithanX)onthetab.Tocloseallofthe plottabsatthesametime,selectWindow>CloseAllCharts.
166
CHEMCADTutorials
Reviewing and Printing Results

Oncethesimulationiscomplete,youcanreviewtheresultsinteractivelybefore printingahardcopy.ThecommandsneededtodothisarelocatedintheReportand Plotmenus.
Plotting the Results

Forbatchcalculations,themostconvenientwaytoexaminetheoutputistoplotthe results.Todothis,clickyourbatchcolumnUnitOpandthenselectPlot>Dynamic Plots>BatchColumnHistory. ThisbringsuptheBatchColumnPlotsdialogbox.Fromhere,youcangeneratea plotthatencompassestheentirecampaign.Forexample,youcanfollowthesesteps toplotdistillatemolefractionsacrossalloperatingsteps: 1. InthePlotvariablefield,selectthe0Molefractionsoption. 2. IntheOfthefield,selectthe3Distillateoption. 3. IntheComponentstoplotarea,usethefirstfourfieldstoselectthefour componentsfoundinthedistillate.
Figure 11-45: The completed Batch Column Plots dialog box
4. ClickOKtoviewthecompositeplot,whichshouldresembleFigure1146.
167
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-46: Composite plot showing composition of distillate over time
Revieworprinttheresultsasneeded,andthenclosetheplottabtoreturntothe simulation.
Generating Text Reports

Youcanalsoviewcertainbatchresultsintabularformat.Todothis,selectReport> BatchResults.Asummaryoftheresultsofthissimulationdisplaysinaseparate window.Revieworprinttheresultsasneeded,andthenclosethereportwindowto returntothemainCHEMCADwindow.
Generating a Full Report

TheReportmenuoffersabroadarrayoftextreports,asdescribedinChapter8, OutputandReports.Forthepurposeofthistutorial,assumethatyouwanttoview andprintoutareportwiththefollowinginformation: Operatingstepresults Batchcolumnhistory Finalbatchcolumnholdup
Becauseyouwantareportwithabroadrangeofinformationaboutyour simulation,usetheConsolidatedReportoption. 1. SelectReport>ConsolidatedReporttobringuptheConsolidatedReport menu. 2. ClickBatch/DynamicResultstoopentheBatch/DynamicOptionsdialog box.SelectthefirstthreeoptionsPrintoperationresults,Printhistory,and Printfinalholdups.
168
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-47: The Batch/Dynamic Options dialog box
3. ClickOKtoreturntotheConsolidatedReportmenu. 4. Togeneratethereport,clickCalculateandGiveResults.Thereportdisplays inaseparatewindow,withaformatsuitableforprinting.Youcanedit,save, andprintthereportasneeded. 5. Whenyoufinishreviewingandworkingwiththereport,closethereport windowtoreturntothemainCHEMCADworkspace.
169
CHEMCADTutorials
Piping Tutorial
Apipingnetworkrepresentstheflowoffluidsthroughseveralpiecesofequipment. Ifsufficientvariables(flowrateandpressure)arespecifiedonthepipingnetwork, CHEMCADcalculatestheunknownvariables. Forfluidflowthroughequipment,flowratemaybecalculatedasafunctionof theinletandoutletpressure.Ifyouknowanytwoofthesethreevariables, CHEMCADcancalculatethethird. Inthistutorial,youwillworkwithCHEMCADspipingfeatures.Youwill performcontrolvalveandorificesizingandrating;simulatecomplexpiping networks;usefeedbackcontrollers;calculateNPSH;andmakeappropriate equipmentselections.
Control Valve Sizing Example

Thisportionofthepipingtutorialcoverscontrolvalvesizing,controlvalves,andthe useofnodes.
Problem Statement
Forthispartofthetutorial,referencetheflowsheetshowninFigure1148.This exampleiscalledExample1,anditslocatedintheMy Simulations\Examples\Pipingfolder.
D-1 -9F 225 psig
D-2 -1F 15 psig
D-3 -28F 0.2 psig
Figure 11-48: Diagram of control valve sizing example
Youneedtosizecontrolvalvesforhandlingaflowof113,000lb/hrofliquid ammoniaineachlinecomingfromvesselD1.Youmustselectproperlysizedvalves andthendeterminethepercentopenforeachvalveattheratedservice. Toperformtheinitialsizing,allyouneedarestreamswiththecorrectproperties (seeFigure1149).Itisnotnecessarytomodelthetanks.

CHEMCADTutorials
1 1 2
Figure 11-49: Streams for initial sizing
AllthreestreamsinFigure1149areattheinletconditionsof9Fand225psig. Thedividersplitsthe226,000lb/hrflowintotwoequalflowsof113,000lb/hrof ammonia. Toperformtheinitialsizing,followthesesteps: 1. ClicktheRunAllbuttononthemainCHEMCADtoolbartocalculatethe flowinformationforstreams2and3.Bothstreamsshouldbeat9F,225 psig,and113,000lb/hrofammonia. 2. Clickstream2toselectit.Thestreamisselectedwhenitisshownbracketed byblacksquares.SelectSizing>ControlValvetobringuptheControlValve Sizingdialogbox.
Figure 11-50: The Control Valve Sizing dialog box
3. IntheDownstreampressurefield,enter15.ClickOKtodisplayacontrol valvesizingreportinaseparatewindow.CHEMCADreportstheproperties ofthestreamandthecalculatedparametersforthevalve. 4. Repeattheprocedureforstream3,usingadownstreampressureof0.2psig.
Rating Case
Thenexttaskistoratethesevalvesinasimulation.Youneedtodeterminethevalve positionforthesevalvesinthisserviceat113,000lb/hr.Sincethistaskmodelsthe behaviorofthecontrolvalves,youwillneedaslightlylargerflowsheet,asshownin Figure1151.
171
CHEMCADTutorials
1 1
3 2 4
2 4 8
3 5 9
Figure 11-51: Flowsheet for rating valves in a simulation
TheflashUnitOpsattheendarenotnecessary;theyareincludedtoillustratethe vaporandliquidflowratesinseparatestreamsifflashingoccurs. Thedividerisstillsetto113,000lb/hr,andtheflashtanksaresettothemode calledSpecifyTandP;calculateV/FandHeat.FlashUnitOp#2issetto1Fand15 psig.FlashUnitOp#3issetto28Fand0.2psig. Followthesestepstoratethecontrolvalves: 1. Doubleclicktheiconforcontrolvalve#4toopentheControlValvedialog box.
Figure 11-52: The Control Valve dialog box
172
CHEMCADTutorials
2. IntheValveflowcoefficient(Cv)field,enter36.IntheDownstream pressurefield,enter15.SelecttheOperatingmodeoptioncalledFix flowrate,adjustvalveposition.ClickOK. 3. Nowdoubleclicktheiconforcontrolvalve#5.Forthisvalve,selectthesame operatingmodethatyouusedforvalve#4.Specifyavalveflowcoefficientof 54andadownstreampressureof0.2psig,andthenclickOK. 4. ClicktheRunAllbuttononthetoolbartorunthesimulation. 5. Toviewtheresults,firstclickablankareaoftheCHEMCADworkspaceto ensurethatnoUnitOpsarecurrentlyselected.ThenselectReport>UnitOps >SelectUnitOps. 6. IntheSelectUnitOpsdialogbox,type4,press[RETURN],andthentype5. ClickOKtobringupareportforthesetwovalves. Thereportshowsthatvalve#4isat72.5%open,andvalve#5isat53.3%open. Toseehowmuchvaporizationoccursacrossvalve#5,rightclickthevalveand selectViewStreamProperties.ThisvolumechangeiswhyCHEMCADchosea largervalveforthesecondstream.Withthevaporizationoccurringinthevalve,a smallertwoinchvalvebodywouldbeapproachingsonicvelocitythroughthevalve body.
Flow Rate as a Function of Pressure

IntypicalCHEMCADsimulations,informationflowsinonedirection:downstream. Upstreamconditionsdeterminethedownstreamconditions.Inmostsimulations, yousimplysettheflowratesandpressuresoffeedstreams.Pressuredropsare eithercalculatedbasedonfloworspecifiedthroughUnitOps,andthedownstream pressures,flowrates,andsofortharecalculatedwhenyourunthesimulation. Forpipingsimulations,flowrateandpressurearedependentoneachother.The backpressureonvalves,pipes,andotherUnitOpsaffectstheflowratethroughthe valve.Likewise,theflowratethroughavalve(orthroughapipeorapump) determinesthedownstreampressure. Inflowmodelslikethecontrolvalvesizingmodel,itissometimesusefultolet flowratevaryasafunctionofthepressure.Forexample,supposeaprocessupsetin thesystemshowninFigure1153causedthepressureinvesselD2torisefrom15 psigto30psig.Assumingtheupsetoccursfasterthanthevalvesreact,whatisthe newflowratefromD1?
173
CHEMCADTutorials
D-1 -9 F 225 psig Cv =36 72.5 % open D-2 -1 F 30 psig (UPSET condition)
Cv =54 53.3% open
D-3 -28F 0.2 psig
Figure 11-53: Vessel D-2 in an upset condition
Toanswerthisquestion,youneedaspecialUnitOpcalledanode.Anodeisa pointinthesimulationthathasapressure,aflowcomingin,andaflowgoingout. Thenodeunitscreateanetwork,solvingforflowrateateachpointbasedonthe fixedpressures.Nodesareplacedontheflowsheetimmediatelyupstreamand downstreamfromeachcontrolvalve.Figure1154showsthesystemwithnodesin place.

11 6 10 11 7 13 9 15 17
18 12 12 8 14 10 16
19
20
Figure 11-54: Nodes located upstream and downstream from control valves
Thefunctionofthedividertosplittheincomingflowisnowhandledbynode #6.Thenodewillbalancetheflowratessothatallstreamsenteringandexitingthe nodeareatthesamepressure.Nodesarealsoplacedbetweentheflashvesselsand thecontrolvalves.Atthenodesyoucanfixthepressures,andlettheflowratevary asafunctionofvalvepositionandpressuredifference. Toseehowthesenodesaresetup,youcandoubleclicknode#6toopenthe Nodedialogbox.
174
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-55: The Node dialog box
Thefixedpressureatthisnodeis225psig.TheinletflowmodeissettoFreeinlet stream,andthetwooutletstreamsaresettoFlowsetbyUnitOp.Theflowintoeach controlvalvewillbedeterminedbythecontrolvalveopeningpositionandthe pressuredifferenceacrossthevalve. Fornode#9,thefixedpressureissetto30psig,andfornode#10,thepressureis 0.2psig.Flowintoeachofthesenodesiscontrolledbythecontrolvalveusingthe FlowsetbyUnitOpmode;flowoutissettoFreeOutletstream. Thecontrolvalvesneedtobechangedtofixthevalvepositionandcalculateflow rate.Todothis,settheOperatingmodeforeachvalvetoFixvalveposition,adjust flowrate. Aftermakingthischange,clicktheRunAlltoolbarbuttontorunthesimulation. Afterrunning,youcanviewthestreamsaroundnode#6byrightclickingthenode andselectingViewstreamcomposition.Theresultingreport(Figure1156)shows thattheflowrateforstream11(upstreamfromD2)hasdroppedfrom113,000lb/hr to109,138lb/hr.Thisillustratestheeffectofbackpressureontheflowratesthrough thevalves.
Figure 11-56: Stream composition report for node #6
175
CHEMCADTutorials
Simple Flow Example

Thisportionofthepipingtutorialcoverscontrolvalvesizing,feedbackcontrollers, NPSH,orificesizing/rating,pipesizing/rating,andthePipeUnitOp.
Problem Statement
Thepipingsystemshownmustbedesignedtotransport120gpmofglacialacetic acidat70140F.Thepressureattheinletisknownat20psia,andtheoutletmustbe nolessthan20psia.Thepipingsystemanditsindividualelementsmustbesizedfor designconditionsandthenratedatoperatingconditions.Thegoalistodetermine theNPSHaandheadrequirementsforfuturepumpselection.
Figure 11-57: Piping isometric for this problem
ThisexampleiscalledExample2,anditslocatedinthelocatedintheMy Simulations\Examples\Pipingfolder.
Creating the Simulation

Followthesestepstocreateandrunthissimulation: 1. ConvertthepipingisometricinFigure1157toaCHEMCADflowsheet.Pipe UnitOpsareusedtorepresententiresectionsofpiping,includingfittings: 2. SelectSizing>PipingandselecttheapplicablestreamstobringupthePipe Sizingdialogbox.
176
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-58: The Pipe Sizing dialog box
3. SelecttheTypicalsizingforsinglephaseoptionandusestandardschedule 40pipe.ClickOKtoviewalinesizingreportfortheselectedstream.
Note:Sincethefluidinthissystemissubcooledliquidandallflowsareconstant,
thiscalculatedlinesizeshouldapplytoallpipinginthesystem.Theexceptionisthe pumpsuctionpipe,whichasageneralruleshouldbeonesizelarger. 4. SelectSizing>Orificeandselectthestreamonthedischargesideofthe pump.IntheOrificeSizingdialogbox,selectDandD/2pressuretaps,enter 3asthepipeinsidediameter,andenter100asthewaterdifferentialpressure. ClickOKtobringupanorificesizingreportfortheselectedstream.

Note:Usingthecalculatedborehole,CHEMCADdeterminestheflowresistance
factoroftheorificeasshown:
C = Cd /( (1 4 )
1 2 Kr 2 4 C
TheorificesizingreportgivestheKrvalue,whichyouwilluselaterinthePipe SizingandRatingdialogbox. 5. Tosizethecontrolvalve,selectstream#1andthenselectSizing>Control Valve.IntheDownstreampressurefield,enter15,andselecttheSingleseat option.Sincestream#1isat20psia,youaresimplysizingacontrolvalveto produceapressuredropof5psi.ClickOKtoviewacontrolvalvesizing reportfortheselectedstream. 6. Doubleclickcontrolvalve#4toopentheControlValvedialogbox.Enterthe valveflowcoefficient(Cv)ofthevalvefromthesizingreport,setthevalve positionto50%,andsettheoperatingmodetoFixflowandposition, calculatePout.ClickOKtosavethesesettingsandclosethedialogbox.
177
CHEMCADTutorials
7. DoubleclicktheheatexchangericontoopentheSimpleHeatExchanger dialogbox.Enterapressuredropof2psiandsettheoutlettemperatureto 140F.ClickOKtocontinue. 8. Tabulateandspecifythevalves,fittings,pipelengths,andelevationchanges ofeachsectionofpipe.Forallofthesepipes,settheMethodfieldto2Single Phaseflow,settheSizingoptionto0Rating,anduseflangedfittings throughout. Pipe#1 1entrance,wellrounded 2ballvalves 4standardelbows,90degree 1tee,flowthroughbranch 35feetofpiping 8elevationchange Pipe#5(aftercontrolvalve) 2ballvalves 2tee,flowthroughrun 3standardelbows,90degree 1exitfrompipe 24feetofpiping 2footelevationchange Pipe#3(beforecontrolvalve) 1swingcheckvalve,clearway 2ballvalves 2tee,flowthroughrun 1orificeplate(aspreviouslydetermined) 14feetofpiping 14elevationchange Pipe#7(afterE1515) 1ballvalve 4standardelbows,90degree 1tee,flowthroughrun 1wellroundedentrance 1exitfrompipe 157feetofpiping 5elevationchange 9. Specifythepumpoutletpressureatsomearbitraryvalue(try25psia)and makeatrialrun.Checkthecalculatedoutletpressure.Youcantheniterateto findtherequiredpumphead.
Using Controllers to Simplify the Problem

Whilemanuallychangingthepumpoutletpressurewillgetyouwhereyouneedto be,itseasiertoletCHEMCADdothework.TheControllerUnitOpcanadjustthis pressureforyou. AfeedbackcontrollerinCHEMCADhasnothingtodowithprocesscontrol valvesorPIDsettings.InaCHEMCADsteadystatemodel,thetermfeedbackcontrol referstoamathematicalcontroller.Itsamathtoolusedtoadjustavariableona flowsheetuntilatargetvaluereachesaspecifiedvalue. Followthesestepstouseafeedbackcontrollertocalculatetherequiredoutlet pressure:
CHEMCADTutorials
1. Rightclickstream#8andselectInsertunit.ClickOKatthepopupmessage andthenclicktheControllertoolintheAllUnitOpspalette. 2. Clickneartheexistingstreamtoplaceacontrollericonontheflowsheet.The streamautomaticallyreroutesthroughthisicon,asshowninFigure1159.
7 7 8
8 9
Figure 11-59: Insertion of feedback controller
3. IntheControllerdialogbox,specifythefollowingandthenclickOK: Controllermode:Feedbackward Adjustthisvariable:Unitop,IDnumber2,Variable2Outputpressure Untilthis:Stream,IDnumber8,Variable2Pressure Isequaltothistarget:Constant20,Units4Pressure
Whenyourunthesimulation,thecontrollerwillautomaticallychangethepump outletpressureuntilthepressureleavingthelastpipeunitisequalto20psia.You nowknowtheheadrequirementsforyourpump.
Calculating NPSHA
Thenetpositivesuctionhead,betterknownasNPSH,isdefinedasthetotalpressure availableatthepumpsuctionminusthepumpingfluidsvaporpressure.Itisalmost alwaysreportedinfeetofpumpedfluidorwater. EverypumphasaspecifiedNPSHrequirement(NPSHr)atagivenoperating speed.Toensurereliableoperation,theavailableNPSH(NPSHa)mustbegreater thantheNPSHr.Ifnot,cavitationandshortenedservicelifemayresult. Toselecttheappropriatepump,youneedtocalculateNPSHa.InCHEMCAD, thisisaneasytask.SimplychecktheCalculateNPSHaboxinthePumpdialogbox, andthenrunthesimulation.NowwhenyoupullupthePumpdialogbox,the calculatedNPSHaisdisplayed.
Note:ItisimportanttotheNPSHacalculationthattheinletpipingtothepumpbe
correctlyspecified.Ifthepipingspecificationsarenotcomplete,thepressureatthe inletmaynotbeaccurate,leadingtoaninaccurateNPSHacalculation
179
CHEMCADTutorials
Branched Flow Example

ThisportionofthepipingtutorialcoverstheNodeUnitOp,pipenetworks,pump selectioncriteria,andPumpUnitOpperformancecurves.
Problem Statement
Thepreviouspipingsystemhasbeenchanged.Duetothebranchedflowtothetwo heatexchangers,theproblemisnolongerasimpleone.
Figure 11-60: Piping isometric showing branched flow
ThisexampleiscalledExample3,anditslocatedinthelocatedintheMy Simulations\Examples\Pipingfolder. Thebranchedflowisadifficultproblemtosolveusingthecontrollerapproach. Bothexchangershavedifferentpipingandthereforedifferentflowrates.Youneed anapproachwhereyousplitandrecombineflows,andhavethesimulationcalculate thepressureandflowratesinaniterativemanner.TheNodeUnitOpgivesyouthis flexibility. Rememberthatanodeisapointwherepressureisuniform.Theremaybe multipleinletsandoutlets.Theflowratesforeachstreamwillbebalancedby CHEMCADtoreachasinglepressure.Youcanspecifythepressureorallowitto vary.
Creating the Simulation

ConvertthepipingisometrictoaCHEMCADflowsheet,asshowninFigure1161.
180
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-61: The flowsheet representing this piping system
InCHEMCAD,PipeUnitOpsareusedtorepresententiresectionsofpiping, includingfittings.NodeUnitOpsareplacedwherepressureorflowrateare unknown. Forthisexample,assumeapressuredropof2psiacrosseachheatexchanger. Tabulatethevalves,fittings,pipelengths,andelevationchangesofeachsectionof pipe.Useflangedfittingsthroughout. Pipe#1 1entrance,wellrounded 2ballvalves 4standardelbows,90degree 1tee,flowthroughbranch 35feetofpiping Pipe#3(aftercontrolvalve) 1ballvalve 1tee,flowthroughrun 2standardelbows,90degree 10feetofpiping Pipe#2(beforecontrolvalve) 1swingcheckvalve,clearway 2ballvalves 2tee,flowthroughrun 1orificeplate(asdeterminedabove) 14feetofpiping Pipe#4(toE1514) 1tee,flowthroughbranch 1ballvalve 1exitfrompipe 3standardelbows,90degree 26feetofpiping
CHEMCADTutorials
Pipe#5(fromE1514) 1ballvalve 1wellroundedentrance 3standardelbows,90degree 1tee,flowthroughbranch 30feetofpiping Pipe#7(fromE1515) 1standardelbow,90degree 1ballvalve 1wellroundedentrance 1tee,flowthroughrun 10feetofpiping
Pipe#6(toE1515) 1ballvalve 1exitfrompipe 1tee,flowthroughrun 1standardelbows,90degree 14feetofpiping Pipe#8(toV1522) 3standardelbows,90degree 1exitfrompipe 147feetofpiping
Atthistimeyoudontknowthepumpspecifications,sosetthepumptoSpecify OutletPressureandleavethepressurespecificationblank.TheNodeUnitOpwill solveforthepressureincrease,andsetthepumpoutletpressureaccordingly. Setupthenodeswiththefollowinginformation: Node3:Variablepressure,usecurrentstreamrateforinlet,flowsetby UnitOpforoutlet,elevation=20feet Node5:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet, elevation=34feet Node7:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet, elevation=34feet Node9:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet, elevation=34feet Node12:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet, elevation=50feet Node16:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet, elevation=38feet Node18:Variablepressure,flowsetbyUnitOpforbothinletandoutlet, elevation=42feet Node20(lastnode):Fixedpressure,20psia,flowsetbyUnitOpforinlet,free outletstreamforoutlet,elevation=43feet

Torunthesimulation,clicktheRunAllbuttononthemainCHEMCADtoolbar.
CHEMCADTutorials
Oncethesimulationhasrun,checkthePumpUnitOpspressureincrease.This tellsyoutheheadrequirementsofthepump.Usingthisinformationandtheflow rate(120gpm),youcanconsultapumphandbooktodeterminethecorrectpump size.
Selecting a Pump
Thefollowingpumpcurvedataisrepresentativeofthetypeofequipmentthat wouldbeappropriateforthisapplication.
Pump Curve
90 80 Head (ft) 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 40 80 120 160 200 Flow (gpm) 1150 rpm 1450 rpm 1750 rpm
0.6 0.55 Efficiency 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0 40 80 120 160 200 Flow (gpm)
Figure 11-62: Combined pump curves for a sample pump
1450 rpm 1750 rpm
1150 rpm
Toenterthiscurveintoyourpump,openthePumpdialogboxandselect SpecifyPerformanceCurveforthepumpmode.Thissettingallowsyoutoenter multiplespeedlinesandanoperatingspeed.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,enter1 forthenumberofspeedlinesandsetthepumpspeedto1750RPM.ClickOKto bringupthePerformanceCurvedialogbox.
183
CHEMCADTutorials
Figure 11-63: The Performance Curve dialog box
Hereyoucanenterasmanypointsasyouwanttodefineyourcurve. CHEMCADwillfitaquadraticequationtothepoints,creatingasmoothcurvefitfor yourdata. Nowthatyouhaveenteredthepumpperformancecurve,youmustaddnode UnitOpstothesuctionsideofthepumptoallowtheflowratetovary.Inthisway, youcancalculatethemaximumflowrateofyoursystem.
184
Index

.CC6files,29 Addingasinglecomponent,93 Addingcomponentstoasimulation,42 AllUnitOpspalette,37 ApplyComponentChangesdialogbox,96 Applyingatemplate,92 Assigningobjectstoalayer,87 Attachingasimulationfiletoanemail,33 BatchReactor/DVSLHistoryplot,69 BatchResultsreport,79 BinaryLLEplot,80 BinodalPlot,80 Binodal/ResidueCurvesplot,80 Buildingabasicsimulation,35 BulkPropertiesdialogbox,97 C++,usingtocreateacustommixingrule,104 C++,usingtocreatecustomthermodynamics,102 CallingChemstations,15 Cases,saving,32 CCBATCHtutorial,154 CCDYNAMICS,59 CCSTEADYSTATEtutorial,122 CCTHERMtutorial,144 CHEMCAD Mainmenu,23 Toolbar,23 Tutorials,121 Gettinghelpwith,14 Installing,7 Interface,17 Licensing,10 Modules,3 Openingolderfiles,33 Overview,1 Productsandfeatures,3 Systemrequirements,7 Usercomponentsin,30
CHEMCADCoachpane,27 CHEMCADDialogEditor,101 CHEMCADExplorer,introduced,18
185
Index
CHEMCADSymbolEditor,98 CHEMCADtutorials CCBATCH,154 CCSTEADYSTATE,122 CCTHERM,144 Piping,170
Customizingthermodynamics,102 DatainterfacestoCHEMCAD,107 DataMapExecutionRulesdialogbox,111 DataMaps,creating,108 Databoxes,82 DefaulticonforUnitOp,37 Definingstreams,46 DefiningUnitOps,47 Deletingatemplate,92 Dialogbox,customizing,101 DialogEditorutility,101 DistCurveCharacterizationdialogbox,96 Distillationreport,78 Dongle ForCHEMCADlicensing,10 Reprogramming,12
Chemicalcomponents,selecting,41 Chemstationswebsite,15 Coach,27 COMinterfaces,117 ComponentObjectModel(COM),117 Components Adding,42 Finding,41 Removing,43 Selecting,41
CompositeCurvesplot,80 ConnectingstreamstoUnitOps,38 Consolidatedreporting,79 ControlValveSizingdialogbox,54 ControllerConvergenceplot,81 ConvergenceParametersdialogbox,62 Costingcalculations,customized,100 CreatingacustomUnitOpdialogbox,101 Creatingalayer,86 Creatinganewsimulation,31 Creatingatemplate,92 CreatinganExcelDataMap,108 Creatingcustomcomponents,93 CreatingExcelUnitOps,113 CreatingcustomUnitOps,100 CurveTemperatureCutRangesdialogbox,96 Customcomponents,93 Customenthalpymodel,102 CustomKvaluemodel,102 Custommixingrule,creatingusingVBA,104 Customreaction,creatingusingVBA,104 CustomUnitOpicon Creating,98 Addingtoasubpalette,99
Drawingaflowsheet,36 Drawingstreamsonaflowsheet,38 Drawingtools,40 DynamicColumnHistoryplot,69 DynamicColumnHistoryreport,69 Dynamicoperation,settingup,61 Dynamicplots,81 DynamicRunTimeScheduledialogbox,64 Dynamicsimulation,running,66 Dynamicsimulations,strategiesfor,61 DynamicStreamHistoryplot,69 DynamicStreamHistoryreport,70 DynamicUnitOpHistoryreport,70 DynamicsMenu,63 Dynamicsreports,79 Dynamics Additionalinputfor,60 Defined,59 Output,68 Plottingresults,69 RecordingstreamsandUnitOps,65 Runningonestepatatime,67 Textbasedresults,69 Toolbarbuttonsfor,62
CustomUnitOp,creatingusingVBA,104 CustomUnitOps,creating,100 Customizedcostingcalculations,100 CustomizingCHEMCAD,91 CustomizingtheCHEMCADscreen,23
EditDistillationCurvesmenu,97 EditFeedStreamsbutton,46 EditStreamGroupdialogbox,73 EditStreamsdialogbox,46 Ellipsetool,40
186
Index
Emailingasimulation,33 EngineeringUnitSelectiondialogbox,36 Engineeringunits Changingforreports,72 Selecting,36
Linetool,40 LockedforEditingdialogbox,31 Lowfidelitymodeling,defined,49 Mainmenu,23 ManageComponentDatabasesdialogbox,94 MassandEnergyBalancesreport,79 Messagespane,22 Movingapane,25 MovingUnitOpicons,38 Multilinetool,40 MySimulationsdirectory,32 Neutralfileimport,97 NewComponentdialogbox,93 Newsimulation,creating,31 Notestab,onMessagespane,23 OlderCHEMCADfiles,33 OleforProcessControl(OLE),114 OPC Applications,114 Compliance,114 Namespace,116 Serveroperations,115
Enthalpyoptions,selecting,44 Equipmentparameters,specifying,47 Equipmentsizing,introduction,50 ErrorsandWarningstab,onMessagespane,22 Examplefiles,30 ExcelDataMapEditor,108 ExcelDataMappingfeature,defined,107 ExcelDataboxSettingsdialogbox,84 Excelrangeboxes,84 ExcelUnitOps,creating,113 Flowsheetdataboxes,82 Flowsheettemplates,91 Flowsheets,drawing,36 Flowsheetbasedgraphs,80 GlobalEnthalpyOption,45 GlobalKValueOption,45 Graphicalreports,80 Grid,26 Groups Stream,72 UnitOp,76
OPCserver,usingCHEMCADas,114 Opencommand,31 Openinganexistingsimulation,31 OpeninganolderCHEMCADfile,33 Palettepane,introduced,20 Palettes,customizing,21 ParticleSizeDistributionreport,76 PFDprinting,88 PFDs,82 PhaseEnvelopesplot,80 Pinningandunpinningpanes,25 PipeProfileplot,81 Pipingtutorial,170 PlotsinCHEMCAD,80 Plots,dynamic,81 Plottingdynamicresults,69 PlugFlowReactorProfileplot,81 Polygontool,40 Printingaprocessflowdiagram,88 PrintingCHEMCADreports,82 Processflowdiagrams,82 Properties,ofstreams,46 PseudocomponentCurvesplot,81
HeatCurvesplot,81 Hidingalayer,88 Highfidelitymodeling,defined,49 HydrocarbonCorrelationdialogbox,96 Icons,creating,98 InstallingCHEMCAD,7 Jobfiles,29 Kvalueoptions,selecting,44 Layers,85 Assigningobjectsto,87 Creating,86 Deleting,88 Hidingandviewing,88 Removingobjectsfrom,88
LicenseSettingsscreen,11 LicensingCHEMCAD,10 Licensing,fordynamics,59 Licensing,forhighfidelitymodeling,58 Linesizing,51
187
Index
PseudocomponentCurvesreport,76 Pseudocomponentrange,defining,96 RecordStreamsdialogbox,65 RecordingstreamsandUnitOpsfordynamics,65 Rectangletool,40 Redocommand,26 RegressComponentPropertiesmenu,95 Regressingdataintoauseraddedcomponent,95 Reliefdevicesizing,57 Removingcomponentsfromasimulation,43 Renamingatemplate,92 ReportFormatdialogbox,71 Reportsetup,71 Reportsfordynamicsimulations,69 Reports Dynamics,79 Printing,82 Streamcompositions,74 Streamproperties,75 UnitOpbased,76
Selectingcomponents,41 Selectingengineeringunits,36 SelectingKvalueandenthalpyoptions,44 Selectiveprinting,85 Settingruntimefordynamics,63 Simulationfiles Introduced,29 Creating,31 Emailing,33 Opening,31 Overviewofbuilding,35 Saving,32
Simulation,running,48 Singlecomponent,adding,93 Sizing,introduction,50 Specsheetreport,77 Specsheets,outputtoExcel,113 SpecifyingUnitOps,47 Startinganewsimulation,31 Streamboxes,82 Streamcompositionreports,74 Streamcomposition,viewing,75 Streamgroups,creating,72 StreamPropertiesplot,80 Streampropertyreports,75 Streams Drawingonaflowsheet,38 Defining,46 Rerouting,39
Reprogrammingadongle,12 Reroutingastream,39 ResettoInitialStatebutton,67 ResidueCurvesplot,80 Resizingapane,24 ResizingUnitOpicons,38 Results,reviewing,48 Reviewingrunresults,48 Routingstreams,39 RunfromCurrentStatebutton,66 RunfromInitialStatebutton,66 Runtime,setting,63 RunTracetab,onMessagespane,22 Runningadynamicsimulation,66 Runningasimulation,48 SaveAscommand,32 SaveasInitialStatebutton,68 Savingasimulation,32 Savingdifferentcases,32 SearchforUnitOp(s)field,21 SearchOptionsdialogbox,42 SelectComponentsdialogbox,41 SelectDataMapdialogbox,111 SelectDestinationDatabasedialogbox,94 SelectSingleComponentdialogbox,95
Switchingtodynamics,61 SymbolEditorutility,98 Symbols,creating,98 Technicalsupport,contacting,15 Templates Applying,92 Creating,92 Defined,91 Deleting,92 Renaming,92
Textreports,71 Texttool,40 ThermodynamicSettingsdialogbox,45 Thermodynamicsreport,78 Thermodynamicssettings,manuallyselecting,45 ThermodynamicsWizard,44
188
Index
Thermodynamics,customizing,102 Thermophysicaldatagraphs,80 Toolbar,23 Topologyreport,78 TowerProfilesplot,81 TPboxes,83 TPXYplot,80 TraySizingdialogbox,55 Undocommand,26 UnitOpboxes,83 UnitOpdialogbox,customizing,101 UnitOpgroups,creating,76 UnitOpicons Creatingcustomized,98 Manipulating,38 Addingtoaflowsheet,36 Selectingdefaulticonfor,37 Listingofallavailable,5 Specifying,47
UnitOpbasedplots,81 UnitOpbasedreports,76 UpdateSimulationFormatdialogbox,34 UpdatingaCHEMCADlicense,12 Userspecifiedfile,plotting,81 ValveTraydialogbox,55 VBA Custommixingrules,104 Customreactions,104 CustomUnitOps,104 UsingtocustomizeCHEMCAD,104
VBAdefinedmixingrule,using,106 VBAdefinedreaction,using,105 VBAdefinedUnitOp,using,106 VesselSizingdialogbox,53 ViewPropertyOptionsdialogbox,75 View/EditComponentDatamenu,94 Viewingalayer,88 WebsiteforChemstations,15 ZoomOptionsmenu,27
UnitOps
189
Allmaterial2007Chemstations,Inc.

CHEMCAD 6 User Guide - Online

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHEMCAD 6 User Guide - Online

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHEMCAD Version 6

CHEMCAD Version 6 User Guide

GraphicalReports................................................................................................................................. 80 ThermophysicalDataGraphs ......................................................................................................... 80

FlowsheetbasedGraphs.................................................................................................................. 80 UnitOpbasedPlots .......................................................................................................................... 81

CreatingCustomComponents ........................................................................................................... 93 AddingaSingleComponent........................................................................................................... 93

RuntheSimulation ......................................................................................................................... 134 ReviewtheResultsandPrintasNeeded..................................................................................... 134

RunningtheSimulation ................................................................................................................. 166 ReviewingandPrintingResults ................................................................................................... 167

PipingTutorial .................................................................................................................................... 170 ControlValveSizingExample ...................................................................................................... 170

BranchedFlowExample ................................................................................................................ 180

Index ........................................................................................................................................ 185

Overview of CHEMCAD and Its Uses

Nomatterhowcomplexyourprocess,CHEMCADiscapableofdeliveringthe resultsyouneedtostaycompetitiveinanincreasinglyfastandfluidglobalmarket. Easytolearnandhighlycustomizable,CHEMCADcanputfutureproofsolutions withineasyreachofyourengineeringstaff.

CHEMCAD Products and Features

CHEMCAD Features by Module

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

NowthatyouhaveCHEMCADinhand,youprobablywanttogetstartedright away.Letsgetdirectlytothepoint,withstepbystepinstructionsforinstallingand licensingtheprogram.

Installing the Software

Onceyouveestablishedthat yourcomputerisreadyfor installation,insertthe CHEMCAD6.0discintoan availableCDmediadriveand watchfortheCHEMCADsplash screentoappear.

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-01: InstallShield Wizard screen listing software components to be installed

maybequiteafewscreens,andtheprocedurecouldtakeseveralminutes.Once thesecomponentsareinstalledonyourcomputer,however,youwillnotneedto reinstallthemwithfutureCHEMCADupdates.

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-02: The CHEMCAD Suite InstallShield Wizard screen

Figure 2-03: The Standard License screen

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-04: Status bar showing the progress of CHEMCAD installation

Wheninstallationiscomplete,youllseeonefinalscreen,whichstatesthatthe InstallShieldWizardhascompletedinstallationoftheCHEMCADSuite.Click FinishtoclosetheinstallationprogramandopenCHEMCAD6.

Types of CHEMCAD Licenses

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Youoryourorganizationwilluseoneoffourtypesofdongles: SuperProsingleuserdongle(parallelorUSBconnection) SuperProNetdongle(parallelorUSBconnection) SentinelScribesingleuserdongle(parallelconnection) NetSentinelnetworkdongle(parallelconnection)

Insomeinstances,softwarelicensingisaccomplishedwithouttheuseofa hardwaredevice: LicenseManagersoftware,whichrunsoveralocalorwideaccess network SystemAuthorization,amethodthatauthorizesasingleusermachinefor alimitedtime(usedforsoftwareevaluation)

Figure 2-05: The License Settings screen with default settings

Thecheckedboxesontheleftsideofthisscreenindicatethetypesoflicensing hardwareandsoftwarethatCHEMCADwillsearchforwhenyouclickOK.Note thatnetworklicensingmethodsarenotchecked;thissavestimeformanyusers, becausesearchingforanetworkdonglecanbetimeconsuming.

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

4. WhentheBrowseforFolderdialogboxappears,navigatetothelocation whereyousavedthe.DNGconfigurationfile.Normally,thisistheWindows desktop;ifyousavedyourconfigurationfilethere,clickDesktoptotell CHEMCADwheretolookforthefile,thenclickOK.

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

Figure 2-08: Successful re-programming of a CHEMCAD dongle

6. ClickOKtoclosethepopupwindow.IftheLicensesinUsescreenappears, clickOKtocloseit. YoushouldnowbeabletoopenCHEMCADandproceednormally.

Getting Help with CHEMCAD

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

The Chemstations Web Site

Contacting Chemstations Technical Support

Getting Started with CHEMCAD

The CHEMCAD Interface

The CHEMCAD Window

Workspace CHEMCAD Explorer pane Palette pane

The CHEMCAD Explorer Pane

Figure 3-02: CHEMCAD Explorer tabs

The Recent Files Tab

The Simulation Tab

Groups:ProvidesaneasywaytocategorizeUnitOps,streams,and components Layers:Allowsselectedpartsoftheflowsheettobedisplayedorhiddenfor viewingandprinting Templates:StoresandorganizesstreamandUnitOpspecificationsthatyou cancloneforreuse

The Visual Basic Tab

The Palette Pane

Figure 3-04: The expanded Piping and Flow palette

Figure 3-05: Search results showing all vessel UnitOps

Figure 3-06: Saving search results for future use

The Messages Pane

The Errors and Warnings Tab

The Run Trace Tab

The Notes Tab

The Main Menu

Figure 3-07: Viewing a buttons tooltip

Customizing the CHEMCAD Screen