Appendix A Outline

Guidelines 1. 2. Students are required to prepare a sentence outline for each term paper they write. Each outline must have three key points or three reasons to support the thesis of the paper. For each key point, there must at least be two more subheadings as shown below: 1.0 Key point/ Reason (First level heading) 1.1 (Second level heading) 1.1.1 (Third level heading) 1.2 1.2.1 2.0 Key point 2.1 2.1.1 2.2 2.2.1 3.0 3.1 3.1.1 3.2 3.2.1 Please note that the number of second level and third level headings may vary. There is no fixed number of headings for these levels. 3. Awarding of Marks Score 0 -1.0 Descriptors Poorly developed outline; few headings (some first and second level headings only) - weak organisation skills; vague; frequent grammatical errors Some development of the outline; first and second level headings are present - some attempts to organise information;

1.5 -2.5

grammatical errors are still evident 3.0 4.0 Development of outline satisfactory first, second and third level headings are present. Organisation of information is satisfactory. Fewer grammatical errors. Outline is well-developed. Hardly any grammatical errors

4.5 5.0

NOTE: Sample outline on p.3-4

SAMPLE OUTLINE Topic: Piracy in Somalia Thesis Statement: The international community should get involved in eliminating piracy in Somalia.

1.0 Somalia is incapable of eliminating piracy on its own. 1.1 Somalia does not have a long term functioning government. 1.1.1 Their current transitional Federal Government is incapable of providing effective coastal protection for Somalia due to the lack of funds and support. 1.2 Somalia is a country plagued by famine, drought and war. 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 There is famine and lack of clean, uncontaminated water. There are recurring droughts, frequent dust storms, deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion and desertification across the nation. There are about 1.1 million people who have been internally displaced by the war and are considered refugees.

1.3 Somalia is one of the most dangerous and violent countries in the world. 1.3.1 1.3.2 Arms are freely available throughout the country. There are daily reports of explosions, murders, skirmishes and kidnappings across the country.

1.4 Somalis support piracy. 1.4.1 1.4.2 The people of Somalia see these pirates as the modern day robin hood, fighting the bad to provide for their country. They see these pirates as heroes; a profession that comes with fame and glory as well as a handsome salary. 1.4.2.1 Somali children want to be a pirate and Somali women want to marry one.

2.0

Piracy off the coast of Somalia does not only affect Somalia but the the world as well. 2.1 Somalias food stocks are threatened. 2.1.1

rest of

Somalia needs at least 185 000 tonnes of food aid per year; so imported food is essential for the people of Somalia. 2.1.1.1 With piracy plaguing the seas, Somalias food stocks are severely threatened.

2.2 International trade is being severely affected. 2.2.1 Insurance premiums on ships have risen tenfold in this year alone, again causing a sharp rise in the cost of transporting goods.

2.3 There is a likelihood that an environmental catastrophe may occur. 2.3.1 Pirate attacks cause a potential risk, for e.g. unwanted oil spills. 2.3.1.1 For example, pirates accidentally penetrated the fuel tanks of a Japanese oil tanker during an attack, causing a major oil spill that devastated marine life. 3.0 The international community is the worlds best bet to solve this problem 3.1 The international community has sufficient funds as well as the capacity to do so. 3.1.1 Unlike Somalia, which has a weak transitional Federal Government, the international community is made up of powerful nations (for e.g. The United States, France and the U.K.) that have sufficient funds as well as the capacity and interest to do so.

3.2 The international community will be able to combat piracy by carrying out several measures. 3.2.1 Providing a coastguard for Somalia 3.2.1.1 An internationally sanctioned and administered coastguard for Somalia is another effective way to combat piracy. 3.2.1.2 It could be run by the UN or African Union and established with external funds. 3.2.2 Sending a large naval presence to the Gulf of Aden

3.2.2.1 There can be a deployment of a much larger multinational naval force in the Gulf of Aden and along the Somalia coast with a specific mandate to combat piracy.

Conclusion In conclusion, the international community should definitely play a role in the fight against piracy.