Variation of Ambient Temperature with Altitude

FIGURE 1/1

Measurement of Air-speed

Air-speed indicator (ASI) will read :Pressure in Open Tube minus Pressure in Closed Tube i.e. ( p + v2 ) - (p) = v2

FIGURE 1/2

EAS - Altitude Curve

FIGURE 1/3

Wing Characteristics

Wing Area =S = ( C ROOT + CTIP ).b = b.c

2

b2 b Aspect Ratio = AR = = S c

FIGURE 1/4

Lift of Wing Sections

FIGURE 1/5

Wing Section CL, CD, CM

Lift Coefficient = CL =

L q.S

Drag Coefficient = CD =

D q.S

Chordwise Force C = C = C Coefficient q.S

Normal Force N = CN = Coefficient q.S

Pitching Moment Coefficient = CM =

M q.Sc

FIGURE 1/6

Wing CL - Curve

FIGURE 1/7

Spanwise Lift Distribution

FIGURE 1/8

Spanwise Lift Distribution with Fuselage

Figure 1/8A

Wing Stiffness

FIGURE 1/9

Fin Efficiency Effect of Torsional Deflection on Incidence

FIGURE 1/10

Fin Efficiency - Effect of Bending Deflection on Incidence

Figure 1/11

Table of Standard Atmospheres

Table 1/1

DEF-STAN 00-970 Symmetric Flight Envelope

VH VD MD n1

= Maximum speed in level flight = Design diving speed (EAS) = Design diving speed (Mach) = Maximum normal acceleration coefficient

FIGURE 2/1

Tornado & EFA Symmetric Flight Envelope

VH VD MD n1

= Maximum speed in level flight = Design diving speed (EAS) = Design diving speed (Mach) = Maximum normal acceleration coefficient

FIGURE 2/2

Comparison of Symmetric Manoeuvre Envelopes

FIGURE 2/3

Rolling Manoeuvre Envelope

FIGURE 2/4

Gust Envelope

FIGURE 2/5

Aircraft Balance (Stable Aircraft)

L P n W T D f

Wing & fuselage lift Tail load Load factor Weight Engine thrust Drag Forward inertia factor

L.a + T .c D .b P .lT = 0
L nW P + T . sin = 0
FIGURE 2/6

Wing & Fuselage Loading

FIGURE 2/7

Stable & Unstable Aircraft

FIGURE 2/8

Proof / Ultimate Ratio for Various Projects

Ultimate Factor Proof Factor Limit / Ultimate Proof / Ultimate 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.25 1.25 1.125 1.0 1.125 1.0 1.15 1.0 0.67 0.67 0.71 0.71 0.80 0.80 0.75 0.67 0.80 0.71 0.92 0.80

Aircraft Jet Provost, Canberra Tornado, EAP

Not Used
EF2000 U.S unmanned a/c Proof factor not known

TABLE 2/1

Comparison of UK & US Permissible Flight Loads

Table 2/2