Handout Minggu 09-10 TSB 310 Tek. Bahan Bangunan II Smt.

Genap 2011/2012 - Senin 5-7 D9-304

Eko Suwarno from :
Department of Civil Engineering

State University of Malang

The Primary Purpose

External walls is purposed to enclose and protect the

building - space. In domestic construction these walls may also be used to carry the loads from the upper floors and roof to the foundations. Wall Types: Bearing Curtain Wall Single Solid Wall Cavity wall

Single Solid Wall

Cavity walls
These are constructed of two leaves of brickwork or

block work not less than 90 mm each in width, separated by an air space or cavity width.
The air space must be a minimum of 50 mm in width,

but may be 75 mm or even 100 mm in width.

In order to provide stability to the cavity wall, wall ties

should tie the external and internal leaves together.

Cavity Wall

Functional requirements
The following functional requirements apply to the design of external walls: Strength and stability Weather resistance Sound insulation Thermal insulation Fire resistance Durability Appearance

Wall Stength - Stability

Bonding of bricks, both along the length of the wall and

also through its thickness, assists the distribution of the applied load so that overstressing of materials at specific points is avoided. Bonding is discussed in more detail in the chapter on Bonding and openings in walls. The wall also needs to be stable enough to resist overturning due to the application of lateral forces or buckling due to the excessive slenderness of the wall.

Extenal Wall: Resistance to horizontal rain penetration

The horizontal penetration of rain through the fabric

of the wall may be resisted in one of three ways: By building the wall thick enough to prevent complete penetration: this relies on the weather conditions changing before the rain penetrating through the wall has the opportunity to reach the internal surface. The past technique rain penetration.

Extenal Wall: Resistance to horizontal rain penetration

Drying winds or solar heat will encourage evaporation

of the moisture within the wall from its external surface, thus drying the wall out. If the wall is too thin then the rain penetrating through it may reach the internal surface before the weather change ncouraging evaporation has had enough time to take effect

 An impermeable barrier is provided to the external face

of the wall so that rain is prevented from penetrating into the fabric of the wall. Applying render or stucco (a material used in the past to render walls and comprising a mixture of lime, sand and water, mixed with a small quantity of linseed oil to reduce its porosity) An air cavity can be created between the moist external face of the wall and the dry internal face of the wall. Because rain cannot cross the air cavity (provided it is at least 50 mm wide) then the internal surface of the wall will remain dry. This