Classroom Activities Word Identification 1) Bottom-up The students will be given a text.

Then, they need Definition: If what a listener hears does not trigger to read the text and the teacher will give a list of anything in his previous knowledge, then words that need to be identified by the students in the listener would have to resort to what the text. is called bottom up listening, the slow building up of meaning block by Reading Aloud blockthrough understanding all the The teacher will give the students a short text. Then, the teacher will ask a group of students to linguistic data he hears. read the text aloud and then correct their pronunciation. The teacher can also ask the students to read the text individually, so that he can ensure that each of the student pronounce every word correctly.

Theoretical Model s of Reading

2) Top-down
Definition: When a listener hears something, this may remind him of something in his previous knowledge, and this in turn, leads him to predict the kind of information he is likely to hear.

Reader use background knowledge to process the text After reading a short text or story that is given by the teacher, the students will be can encouraged to relate the main topic of the text with their experiences. This will help the students to have a better understanding about the text that they have read.

Making inferences After reading the text, the teacher can encourage the students to make as many inferences as they can about the text. It will help them in developing their thinking skill as well as help them to have a better understanding on what they have read.

3) Language Experience

Story Telling The teacher can ask the students to tell a story Definition: Use the childs own language and based on their own experince to the whole class. experience as the basis for skill This will encourage that particular student to use their own words, in saying what he himself want to development. say.

Dictated Experience Stories This activity will give an opportunity to the students to read the stories that are written by their friends. However, if the students cannot write yet, the teacher can help to write the story from the childs dictation.

4) Sight Word

Flash Word The teacher can flash the word in front of the Definition: The word that a reader is able to students and then ask the students to pronounce automatically decode, pronounce and the word aloud. The teacher can use that to correct the students understand in the contexts in which they opportunity pronounciation. are used. The words that a reader can recognise on Labelling sight, or without any need to think about The teacher can label the objects in the classroom such as table, chair, blackboard and door, so that it what they could be. will give the students opportunities to constantly see the words.