FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

CHNG 5 (tip)

PHN VNG NH

(Image Segmentation)

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

5.3. Phn vng da vo ng bin - Da trn cc thng tin v ng bin ca nh xc nh cc ng bao ca cc i tng - Cc ng bao nay sau c phn tch, sa i nu cn thit nhm to ra cc vng ng thuc v cc i tng c trong nh.
Ton t ng bin nh du vng X l sau

nh vo

Bm theo ng bin

nh ra

Cc bc phn vng da vo ng bin

-2-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

Pht hin ng bin - S dng cc ton t Gradient (Sobel, Prewitt, la bn) hay Laplace (Laplace thng, LoG) xc nh ln v hng ca ng bin ti tng pixel Bm theo ng bin - Nhm nhm ghp, ni cc ng bin thnh cc vng kntm kim theo tng pixel xt s lin kt gia cc on ng bin. - C th s dng tiu chun ging nhau gia cc pixel ng bin hay dng cc tnh cht hay xp x hnh hc tng cng i vi cc pixel b nh hng bi nhiu, artifact hay li hnh hc
-3-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

+ Tm kim vng ln cn - Gi thit ln v hng ca ng bin thu c ln lt l e(x,y) v (x,y) - Gi thit pixel ng bin u tin l bj. Pixel tip theo bj+1 (ln cn 4 hoc 8 ca pixel u tin) l pixel ng bin nu n tha mn
eb j T1 eb j 1 T1
eb j eb j 1 T2

b j b j 1 mod 2 T3

- Nu nhiu hn 1 pixel ln cn tha mn cc iu kin th pixel c sai khc nh nht s c chn l pixel ng bin tip theo
-4-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

- Nu khng c pixel ln cn no tha mn th dng li, 1 pixel khc c chn lm ng bin - Nhiu pixel ng bin v ng bin khng c lin kt vi nhauthng cn cc thng tin bit trc v ng bo ca i tng to thnh vng kn + Thut ton ca Choi 1. Tm mt pixel c ln ng bin ln hn mc ngng TS. Nu pixel cha c xc nh l pixel ng bin, t trng thi dy l ON v bt u bm theo ng bin t pixel ny
-5-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

2. Pixel hin thi c th c xt l pixel ng bin

nu tha mn 3 iu kin - Khng l hoc cha c xt l pixel ng bin - ln ng bin ln hn TN < TS - Trng thi dy l ON 3. Gi d l hng ng bin ti pixel hin thi. Chn pixel c ln ng bin max trong s cc pixel ln cn tng ng vi cc hng d-1, d, d+1 (mod 8). Bm tip theo hng d* 4. Nu bt c pixel no trong s cc pixel ln cn (d*2) l pixel ng bin, t trng thi dy l OFF

-6-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

5. Nu pixel hin thi c xt pixel ng bin, chuyn ti pixel tip theo v quay tr li bc 2 6. (Bm chiu ngc li) Ti pixel bt u, thay hng ng bin d bng d+4 v thc hin cc bc 2-5 7. Nu chiu di ca ng m ta bm theo ln hn ngng chiu di TL, quyt nh l ng bin (Ni cc khong ngt qung nh) Chiu di < TL nhng vn c quyt nh l ng bin nu 2 pixel cui ti 2 u tha mn iu kin 3 ti bc 2 v cc pixel k tip ca chng l pixel ng bin 8. Xa b mi nh du cho cc pixel xt l ng bin. Quay tr li bc 1
-7-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

- Bc 4 ngn khng cho ng bin l dy. Bc 6 tng cng lin kt ng bin. Nu ch bm ng bin theo chiu thun s khng xc nh c cc ng bin khng c pixel c ln ng bin > TS. Bc 7.2 th nhm ni cc ng bin ngn nh du vng - Cc vng gii hn bi ng bin kn tm c bc bm theo ng bin cn phi c nh du xc nh (region filling, labeling, coloring) - Cc phng php: kim tra chn l (parity check), m xch (chain code), to nhn (seeding)
-8-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

X l sau - Loi b cc vng nh - Gp cc vng ging nhau gn nhau + Thut ton - Tm 1 vng nh Rs - Tm cc vng ln cn vi Rs - Vng ln cn Ra no c mc xm trung bnh gn vi Rs nht s c gp vi Rs - Lp li bc 1-3 n khi kch thc cc vng ln hn 1 gi tr no .

-9-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

5.4. Phn vng da theo min/vng - Gm 2 phng php chnh: pht trin vng (region growing) v chia vng (region splitting) - Phng php pht trin vng: cc pixel ln cn nhau c gp li vi nhau to thnh cc vng ng theo mt tiu chun ging nhau nh trc - Phng php chia vng: ton b nh hay cc vng ln c chia thnh 2 hay nhiu vng nh theo tiu chun khc nhau

-10-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

- S khc nhau gia phn vng theo ngng v theo vng/min l: phn vng da theo vng/min s cho cc vng gm cc pixel lin kt, phn vng da theo ngng c th to ra cc vng trng v pixel khng lin kt

-11-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

a. Chia vng - Chia ton b nh hay cc vng i tng ln thnh cc vng nh. - Kim tra tnh ng nht ca tng vng nh. Nu khng tha mn th tip tc chia. - Gp cc vng ln cn ging nhau thnh 1 vng ln
IV I

II.4.4 II.4.3

II.4.1 II.4.2

II.1 II.2

III II.3
-12-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

b. Pht trin vng - Gp cc pixel ln cn vo vng cho n khi khng cn pixel ln cn no iu kin ghp vp vng - Yu cu 2 tiu chun: + Tiu chun ging nhau quyt nh vic ghp pixel vo vng + Tiu chun kt thc quyt nh kt thc qu trnh ghp pixel vo vng. Thng da trn s lng nh nht hay phn trm cc pixel ln cn i hi tha mn tiu chun ging nhau cho vic ghp pixel vo vng
-13-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

Pixel trung tm

Ln cn 3x3 Ln cn 5x5 Ln cn 7x7

Min phn vng

Pixel tha mn tiu chun ging nhau Pixel khng tha mn tiu chun ging nhau

Pht trin vng

-14-

Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing

Image Segmentation

Pht trin vng lin kt trng tm (Centroid Linkage Region Growing) + Qut tng pixel X0 theo kiu raster + So snh X0 vi trung bnh ca tng vng m cc pixel X1, X2, X3, X4 (hoc X1, X2) thuc v. + Ghp X0 vo vng tng ng nu sai lch l nh.

+ Chuyn sang pixel tip v lp li bc 2.

Pht trin vng lin kt trng tm (CLRG)

-15-