I.

DAO NG C
Cu 12: Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi bin 4 cm, c sau mt khong thi gian 1/4 giy th ng nng
li bng th nng. Qung ng ln nht m vt i c trong khong thi gian 1/6 giy l
A. 8 cm. B. 6 cm. C. 2 cm. D. 4 cm.
* Hng dn gii:
- Khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip ng nng bng th nng bng 1/4 chu k nn:
0, 25( ) 1( ).
4
T
s T s
- Do t = 1/6(s) < T/2 nn qung ng ln nht vt i c l trong khong thi gian t = 1/6 (s) l:
( )
max
max
2 sin
2
2 sin 4 .
6
2
3
S A
S A A cm
t
T

_
,

'

,

- Lu : + Qung ng ln nht vt i c khi vt chn v tr cn bng lm v tr i xng.

+ Nu T/2 < t < T th:
max
mim
2
2 2 cos .
2
2
4 2 sin .
2
S A A
S A A


_
+

,
'

_

Cu 23: Mt con lc l xo t nm ngang gm vt M c khi lng 500 g dao ng iu ha vi bin

8 cm. Khi M qua v tr cn bng ngi ta th nh vt m c khi lng 300 g ln M (m dnh cht ngay vo
M), sau h m v M dao ng vi bin
A. 2 5 cm. B. 2 6 cm.
C. 3 cm. D. 2cm.
* Hng dn gii: Do khi M qua v tr cn bng th th vt m dnh ln nn tm bin ca h M v m
th ta tm vn tc ngay sau khi th ca h. T ta tm c bin ca h. C th:
p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng (va chm mm), ta c:
( )
( )
max max
'
' '
'
M A m M A
k
Mv m M v
M
k
M m

+
'

( ) ( ) ' ' 2 10 .
k k M
M A m M A A A cm
M m M m M
+
+ +
* Lu :
- Khi cha th M th .
k
M

- Khi th m dnh vo M th
'
.
k
M m

+
Cu 26: Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha trn mt phng ngang nh m t trng vi tc trung
bnh trong mt chu k l 100 (cm/s). ng thi im t = 0, lc tc ca vt bng 0 th m t trng b
B O A B

HNG DN GII MT S CU KH
TRONG THI TH VT L 2012
2013
GV: L VN LONG

M thi 135
mt, do ma st trt nh nn vt dao ng tt dn chm cho n khi dng hn. Tc trung bnh ca vt
t lc t = 0 n khi dng hn l
A. 0,25 (m/s). B. 50 (cm/s). C. 100 (cm/s). D. 0,5 (m/s).
* Hng dn gii: Ta c cng thc tnh tc trung bnh:
s
v
t

. Trong s l qung ng vt i trong

thi gian t.
- Tc trung bnh trong mt chu k dao ng:
4 2 A
v A
T

(1)
- Tc trung bnh t khi bt u dao ng tt dn n khi dng li:
+ Tm s: p dng nh lut bo ton nng lng, ta c:
2
2
1
W .
2 2
ms
F ms
ms
kA
A kA F s s
F

.
+ Tm t: Thi gian t khi vt bt u dao ng tt dn n khi dng li:
.
4
ms
AkT
t N T
F

(
4
ms
Ak
N
F

: s dao
ng ton phn vt thc hin c).
- Do :
2
2
2 1
.
4
ms
td
ms
kA
F
A
v A
T
kAT
F

_

,

_

,
(2)
- T (1) v (2), ta c: ( ) 50 / .
2
T
td
v
v cm s
Cu 31: Mt con lc n gm qu cu nh v si dy nh khng dn c chiu di 2,5 (m). Ko qu cu
lnh ra khi v tr cn bng O mt gc 60
0
ri bung nh cho n dao ng trong mt phng thng ng.
Chn mc th nng v tr cn bng, b qua ma st v ly gia tc trng trng l 10 (m/s
2
). Khi qu cu
i ln n v tr c li gc 45
0
th dy b tut ra. Sau khi dy tut, tnh gc hp bi vecto vn tc ca qu
cu so vi phng ngang khi th nng ca n bng khng.
A. 38,8
0
. B. 48,6
0
. C. 42,4
0
. D. 62,9
0
.
* Hng dn gii:
- Lc dy cha b tut:
+ C nng: ( )
0 0
1 cos . mgH mgl W
+ Tc ca vt khi cao c gc lch ca dy treo so vi
phng thng ng
0
45 (dy bt u tut):
( ) ( )
0 0
2 cos cos 3, 22 / . v gl m s
- Lc dy b tut: Vt chuyn ng nm xin vi vn tc u
0
3, 22 / v m s
v hp vi phng ngang mt gc
0
45 .
+ Ta c:
( )
( )
0
0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0
cos 45 2, 28 / :
:
sin 45 2, 28 / .
x
x y
y
v v m s
v v m s

'

r r r
Thnh phn vn tc ny c bo ton.
v v +v
+ Do c nng khng i trong qu trnh chuyn ng ca vt. Do ti v tr th nng trit tiu (I) th:
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
0
2
2
0
0
W 0
2, 28
10.2, 5. 1 cos 60 4, 45 / .
2 2
1 cos
2 2
tI
y
y
y
x
v
v m s
mv
mv
mgl

+
'
+

=
+ Gc hp bi vct vn tc ca qu cu so vi phng ngang:
0
4, 45
62, 9 .
2, 28
y
x
v
tg
v

II. SNG C
Cu 2: M, N, P l 3 im lin tip nhau trn mt si dy mang sng dng c cng bin 4 cm, dao
ng ti N cng pha vi dao ng ti M. Bit MN = 2NP = 20 cm v tn s gc ca sng l 10 rad/s. Tnh
tc dao ng ti im bng khi si dy c dng mt on thng.
h
45
0
y
x
v0
45
0

v
x
v
y
I
O
'
O
N
M
x
2
+64
10cm
x
8cm S
2
S
1
A. 40 m/s. B. 60 cm/s. C. 80 cm/s. D. 120 m/s.
* Hng dn gii:
- Nhn xt: im bng l im dao ng vi tc cc i
nn tm tc dao ng ca im bng ta tm bin im
bng. C th:
- Gi:
x
l khong cch t N n nt gn nht.

'
x l khong cch t N n im bng gn nht.
- Ta c: ( ) ( ) 0 25 0 25 15 0 25 60
2 2
MN NP
x' x , , cm , cm . + +

- Bin dao ng ca im bng: ( )
2 2 5
4 8
60
N max max max
x .
A A sin A sin A cm .

_ _


, ,
- Tc ca im bng: ( ) 80
max max
v A cm / s .
* Lu : C th tnh bin ca im bng bng cch chn x' (khong cch t N n im bng):
2
'
N max
x
A A cos .

,
Cu 28: Mt ngun m im pht sng m ng hng vo khng kh. Coi mi trng l hon ton
khng hp th m v ng hng. Hai im M, N cch ngun m ln lt l 10 m v 20 m. Gi a
M
, a
N
l
bin dao ng ca cc phn t vt cht ti M v N. Chn phng n ng.
A. a
M
= 2a
N
. B. a
M
= a
N 2 . C. a
M
= 4a
N
. D. a
M
= a
N
.
* Hng dn gii:
- Cng m ti mt im cch ngun m mt khong r:
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
M
M
N M
N M
N
N
P
I
r
r I P
I
P r I r
I
r

'
,

(1)
- Mt khc: Cng m ti mt im t l thun vi bin dao ng m ca im nn:
2
2
2
2
N N
N N
M M
M M
I a
I a
I a
I a
I a

'

(2)
- T (1) v (2), ta c:
2 2
2 2 .
N N M M
M N
N M N M
r r a a
a a
a r a r
_ _


, ,
Cu 38: C hai ngun dao ng kt hp S
1
v S
2
trn mt nc cch nhau 8 cm c phng trnh dao ng
ln lt l u
s1
= 2cos(10t - /4) (mm) v u
s2
= 2cos(10t + /4) (mm). Tc truyn sng trn mt nc
l 10 cm/s. Xem bin ca sng khng i trong qu trnh truyn i. im M trn mt nc cch S
1
khong S
1
M = 10 cm v S
2
khong S
2
M = 6 cm. im nm trn on S
2
M dao ng vi bin cc i
v xa S
2
nht l
A. 3,07 cm. B. 2,33 cm. C. 3,57 cm. D. 6 cm.
* Hng dn gii:
- Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 2 2 1 1 2
6 8 10 S S MS MS S S M + + vung ti
2
S
.
- Gi N l im xa nht trn MS
2
m dao ng vi bin cc i. t:
NS
2
= x (x > 0).
- lch pha ca hai sng: ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 2 1 1 2
2 2
2 2
d d d d

+ +
:
+ Ti M: ( )
2
10 6 4 5
2 2
,

+
.
+ Ti N: ( )
1 2
2
2 2
d d

+
. Do N dao ng vi bin cc i nn
2k
( k Z ). Do N gn M
nht nn
6
(dao ng ti N nhanh pha hn ti M). Do : ( )
1 2 1 2
2
6 5 5
2 2
d d d d ,

+
( )
2 2
8 5 5 3 07 x x , x , cm . +
III. IN XOAY CHIU
Cu 5: on mch mc ni tip AB gm t in c in dung C = 1/(6) mF, cun cm c t cm L =
0,3/ H v in tr trong r = 10 , v mt bin tr R. t vo hai u mch mt in p xoay chiu c
tn s f thay i. Khi f = 50 Hz, thay i R th in p hiu dng trn t t gi tr cc i l U
1
. Khi R =
30 , thay i f th by gi in p hiu dng trn t t gi tr cc i l U
2
. T s U
1
/U
2
bng
A. 1,58. B. 3,15. C. 0,79. D. 6,29.
* Hng dn gii:
- Khi f = 50Hz, R thay i:
( ) ( )
max 1
2 2
0
C
C C C C C
L C
UZ
U IZ U U U khi R
R r Z Z

+ +
( ) ( )
1
2 2
.60
0, 6 10
0 10 30 60
C
U
U U
+ +
(1)
- Khi f thay i, R = 30 :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 1
C
C C
L C
UZ U U
U IZ
R r Z Z L C R r C LC R r C LC

1
+ + + + + + +
]
( )
2
4 2 2 2 2
2
2 1
C C
U U khi y L C R r C LC
1
+ + +
]
nh nht:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 2
2 4 3
2 4 2 4
3 4 2
2 2 2
4 4
4 4
0, 7
4 4 4
b ac R r C LC R r
LC R r R r C LC R r R r C
y
a L C L

+ +

'
+ + + +

2
1, 2
0, 7
C
U U
U U
y

(2)
- T (1) v (2), ta c:
1
2
0, 6 10
1, 58.
1, 2
C
C
U U
U U

Cu 14: Mt on mch ni tip gm cun cm thun, t in v in tr R. t vo hai u on mch
in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i U = 120 V th cm khng cun cm l 25 v dung
khng ca t l 100 . Nu tng tn s dng in ln hai ln th in p hiu dng hai u in tr R by
gi l
A. 0 (V). B. 120 (V). C. 240 (V). D. 60 (V).
* Hng dn gii:
- Khi tn s dng in l
f
:
( )
( )
25 .
1
100 .
L
C
Z L
Z
C

'

- Khi tn s dng in l
'
2 f f :
( )
( )
( )
'
' ' ' ' '
'
'
' 50
' 120 .
1
50
L
L C L C R
C
Z L
Z Z U U U U V
Z
C

'

Cu 15: Mch in xoay chiu mc ni tip AB theo ng th t gm cm thun L, in tr thun R v

t in C. Cho bit in p hiu dng U
RL
= 3 U
RC
v R
2
= L/C. H s cng sut ca on mch AB l
A.
2
7
. B.
3
5
. C.
3
7
. D.
2
5
.
* Hng dn gii:
- Ta c:
2 2
L C R L C
L L
R Z Z U U U
C C

RL RC
OU U
vung ti O
cos 0, 5 3.
1
sin 0, 5 .
6 3
3 cos 1, 5 .
R
RC
C
RL
L
U a a
U
tg U a a
U
U a a

'

- H s cng sut ca mch:

( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
0, 5 3 3
cos .
7
0, 5 3 1, 5 0, 5
R R
R L C
U U R a
Z U
U U U
a a a

+
+
Cu 21: in nng c truyn ti t trm tng p ti trm h p bng ng dy ti in mt pha c
in tr R = 30 . Bit in p hiu dng hai u cun s cp v th cp ca my h p ln lt l 2200
V v 220 V, cng dng in chy trong cun th cp ca my h p l 100 A. B qua tn hao nng
lng cc my bin p. Coi h s cng sut bng 1. in p hiu dng hai u cun th cp ca my
tng p l
A. 2200 V. B. 2500 V. C. 4400 V. D. 2420 V.
* Hng dn gii:
- Xt i vi my h p:
( )
2 1 1
1
1 2
220
10
2200 100
U I I
I A
U I

.
- Xt i vi my tng p:
( )
1 1 1
2200 10.30 2500 . U U U U I R V + + +
Cu 25: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v bn. Trong
hp en X cha mt phn t: R hoc L hoc (L, r) hoc C
0
. t
vo hai u mch mt in p xoay chiu u
AB
= 100
2
cos100t (V) th Ampe k ch
2
(A) v cng sut tiu th trn mch l P = 100 (W). Bit i tr pha hn
u
AB
v C =
-3
10
3
(F). Phn t trong hp en X v gi tr ca n l
A. in tr thun; ( ) R = 50 .
B. cun dy thun cm, ( )
4
L = H .
5
C. t in, ( )
-4
0
10
C = F .

D. cun dy khng thun cm: ( ) ( )

4
r = 50 ; L = H .
5
* Hng dn gii:
- Xc nh cc phn t trong hp X: Theo gi thit i tr pha hn u
AB
v mch tiu th in suy ra hp en
l mt cun dy c r 0.
- Tnh gi tr ca cc phn t trong hp X:
+ Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2 2
100
50
2
P
P rI r
I

.
+ Mc khc:
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
4
5000
80 .
5000 5
20 (loai).
L
L
L C
L
L C
U U
Z
Z Z
Z L H
I I r Z Z
Z
Z r Z Z

+
' '


+

- Vy hp en X cha cun dy (khng thun cm) c ( ) ( )
4
50 ; .
5
r L H

X
B
C
A
A
O
U
I
U
1
I
1
U
2
I
2
tng
p
h
p
Cu 35: on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh c bn im theo ng
th t A, M, N v B. Gia hai im A v M ch c cun cm thun, gia
hai im M v N ch c in tr thun, gia 2 im N v B ch c t in.
Biu thc in p tc thi hai u cc on mch: u
AN
= 100 2
cos(100t) V, u
NB
= 50 6 cos(100t - 2/3) V. Biu thc in p tc thi
trn on MB l
A. u
MB
= 100 3 cos(100t - 5/12) V. B. u
MB
= 100 cos(100t - /4) V.
C. u
MB
= 50 cos(100t - 5/12) V. D. u
MB
= 50 cos(100t - /2) V.
* Hng dn gii:
- Do
2
50 6 cos 100
3
NB C
u u t V

_


,
nn

0 0
2
cos 100 cos 100 .
3 2 6
i I t I t A


_ _
+

, ,

- Mt khc: ( )
100 2 cos100 ( ) ,
6
AN AN R
u t V U U


r r
.
Do ( ) cos 50 3 .
6
R AN
U U V

_


,
- Gc lch pha ca
MB
U
r
v
I
r
:
1 .
4
C
MB MB
R
U
tg
U


T tnh c
( )
0
0
100 3 .
cos
4
R
MB
U
U V

_

,
- Mt khc, theo hnh v:
MB
U
r
chm pha hn
AN
U
r
mt gc:
5
4 6 12

+ nn biu thc ca u
MB
c dng:
5
100 3 cos 100 .
12
MB
u t V

_


,
Cu 37: Mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c mt cp cc, mch ngoi c ni vi mt mch RLC
ni tip gm cun thun cm c t cm L = 0,4/ H , t in C v in tr R. Khi my pht in quay
vi tc 750 vng/pht th dng in hiu dng qua mch l 2 A; khi my pht in quay vi tc
1500 vng/pht th trong mch c cng hng v dng in hiu dng qua mch l 4 A. Gi tr ca in
tr thun R v t in C ln lt l
A. R = 25(); C =
1
25
(mF). B. R = 15(); C =
2

(mF).
C. R = 30(); C =
1

(mF). D. R = 305(); C =
0, 4

(mF).
* Hng dn gii:
- Khi quay vi tc n = 750 (vng/pht) = 12,5 (vng/s):
+ Tn s gc ca dng in do my pht ra: ( ) 2 2 2 1 12 5 25 f pn . . , rad / s
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
0
10
1 1
2 2 10
25
2
2
L
C C
L C
Z L
U E
Z I E R Z V
C C Z
R Z Z
N f
E

+
'
+

.
- Khi quay vi tc n

= 1500 (vng/pht) = 25 (vng/s) = 2n:

+ Tn s gc do my pht ra: ( )
2
2 2 2 1 25 50 2
1
2
' '
L L
' ' '
' C
C '
Z L Z
f pn . . rad / s
Z
Z
C

'

/4
/6
UMB UC
UAN
UR
UL
O
I
+ Mch cng hng:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3
2
2
1 1 1
2 2 10 40 10
2 2 25 40
2 2 10
2
4 30
' ' C C
L C L C
' '
C
Z Z
Z Z Z . Z C . F mF .
.
. R Z
U E E
I ' R .
R R R R

'
+

IV. DAO NG IN T
Cu 33: Mch dao ng in t LC gm mt cun dy c t cm 6 (H) c in tr thun 1 v t
in c in dung 6 (nF). in p cc i trn t lc u 10 (V). duy tr dao ng in t trong mch
ngi ta dng mt pin c sut in ng l 10 V, c in lng d tr ban u l 300 (C). Nu c sau 10
gi phi thay pin mi th c hiu sut s dng ca pin l
A. 80%. B. 60%. C. 40%. D. 70%.
* Hng dn gii:
- Ta c:
2 2 2
2 0 0 0
0
2 2
CU LI CU
W I
L
.
- Cng sut cn cung cp cho mch LC duy tr dao ng ca mch:
( )
2 9 2
2 2 3 0
0 6
1 1 1 6 10 10
1 50 10
2 2 2 6 10
cc
CU . .
P RI I R . .R . . . W .
L .

- Cng sut m b pin c th cung cp trong thi gian t:
P UI
q
P E
q
t I
t

'

(q: in lng ca b pin).

- Hiu sut s dng ca pin:
3
50 10 10 3600
0 6 60
10 300
cc cc
P P t . . .
H , %
P Eq .

.
V. SNG ANH SNG
Cu 9: Mt lng knh tam gic vung c gc chit quang A = 30
0
v cnh gc vung AB. Chiu mt
chm tia sng trng hp (coi nh mt tia sng) vo mt bn AB (rt gn vi A) v theo phng vung gc
vi mt bn AB. Bit chit sut ca cht lm lng knh i vi tia v tia tm ln lt l: 1,532 v
1,5867. Sau lng knh 1 (m) t mt mn nh song song vi mt AB. Khong cch gia hai vt sng
v tm trn mn l
A. 50 mm. B. 1,2 mm. C. 45 mm. D. 44 mm.
* Hng dn gii:
- Nhn xt: + Chm sng trng hp sau khi ra khi lng knh s tch
thnh di sng 7 mu, t n tm. Do khong cch gia vt
sng v tm cng chnh l b rng quang ph thu c trn mn.
+ Do gc chit quang A = 30
0
nn khng th p dng
cng thc gn ng: ( ) .
t
DT x n n Ad
- Xt i vi tia :
0 0 0
sin sin 1, 532sin30 sin 50 20 .

n A i i i D i A
- Xt i vi tia tm:
0 0 0
sin sin 1, 5867sin30 sin 52, 5 22, 5 .
t t t t t t
n A i i i D i A
- Khong cch gia vt sng v vt sng tm (b rng quang ph trn mn):
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
1000 22, 5 20 50 .
t
DT OT OD IO tgD tgD tg tg mm
Cu 19: Trong th nghim Y-ng v giao thoa nh sng, cho khong cch gia hai khe l a = 1,5 mm v
khong cch t hai khe n mn l D = 2 m. Hai khe c chiu sng ng thi bng hai bc x c bc
sng 0,60 m v 0,50 m. Trong vng giao thoa c b rng 10 mm nhn vn trung tm l tm i xng
c s vn sng l
A. 28. B. 3. C. 27. D. 25.
* Hng dn gii:
- Gi N
1
: l tng s vn sng ca bc x
1
; N
2
: tng s vn sng ca bc x
2
; N: l s vn sng trng
nhau ca 2 bc x.
d
I
O
T
D
D
t
D

A
- Tng s vn sng quan st c trn mn: N = N
1
+ N
2
- N.
- Tm N
1
: S vn sng ca
1
tha mn:
1
1 1 1
5( ) 5( ) 6, 25 6, 25 0; 1; 2;..; 6:
D
mm k mm k k
a

t t t
c 13 gi tr

N
1
= 13.
- Tm N
2
: S vn sng ca
2
tha mn:
2
2 2 2
5( ) 5( ) 7, 5 7, 5 0; 1; 2;..; 7:
D
mm k mm k k
a

t t t
c 15 gi tr

N
2
= 15.
- Tm s vn sng trng nhau ca 2 bc x: S vn sng trng nhau ca 2 bc x tha mn:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 1 2 2 1 2
2 1
5
, : 0, 0 ; 5, 6 .
6
k
k k k k
k

t
(lu :
1
6 6 k
): c 3 cp gi tr N = 3.
- Vy tng s vn sng quan st c ca 2 bc x: N = N
1
+ N
2
- N= 13 + 15 3 = 25.
Cu 32: Trong th nghim giao thoa Y-ng, chiu sng hai khe ng thi bng hai bc x n sc th
khong vn thu c trn mn ln lt l 1,35 mm v 2,25 mm. Ti hai im M v N gn nhau nht trn
mn c cc vn ti ca hai bc x trng nhau. Gi tr ca MN l
A. 3,375 mm. B. 4,375 mm. C. 6,75 mm. D. 3,2 mm.
* Hng dn gii:
- V tr trng nhau ca 2 vn ti:
( ) ( )
1
1 2 1 2
2
2 1 5 5(2 1)
0, 5 .1, 35 0, 5 .2, 25
2 1 3 3(2 1)
k n
x x k k
k n
+ +
+ +
+ +
( )
( )
1
2
2 1 5 2 1
2 1 3 2 1
k n
k n
+ +

'
+ +

1
5 2 k n +
( )
1
5 2 0, 5 .1, 35 ( ) 6, 75 3, 375 ( ) x x n mm n mm + + +
.
- Do ti M, N l 2 v tr gn nhau nht ca 2 vn ti nn khong cch MN l:
1
6, 75( ).
n n
MN x x mm
+

Cu 36: Mt ng Rnghen pht ra tia X c bc sng ngn nht l 0,5

(nm). Bit ln in tch
lectrn (lectron), tc nh sng trong chn khng v hng s Plng ln lt l 1,6.10
-19
C; 3.10
8
m/s
v 6,625.10
-34
J.s. Nu tng hiu in th gia hai cc ca ng thm 8 kV th tn s cc i ca tia
Rnghen do ng pht ra l
A. 8,15.10
17
(Hz). B. 2,53.10
18
(Hz). C. 5,24.10
18
(Hz). D. 0,95.10
19
(Hz).
* Hng dn gii:
- Khi hiu in th l U: min
min
hc hc
U .
e U e

- Khi hiu in th l U U + :
( )
( )
1
18
2 53 10
min
' '
min max '
min
hc
e U
e
e U U
hc c
f , . ( Hz ).
e U U h h

_
+


+
,

+
VI. LNG T NH SNG
Cu 6: Chiu mt bc x c bc sng 0,32 m v catt ca mt t bo quang in c cng thot electron
l 3,88 eV. Cho hng s Plng 6,625.10
-34
Js, tc nh sng trong chn khng 3.10
8
m/s v khi lng
ca lectron l 9,1.10
-31
kg. Vn tc ban u cc i ca quang electron l
A. 3,75.10
5
m/s. B. 0,25.10
5
m/s. C. 6,2.10
6
m/s. D. 3,75 km/s.
* Hng dn gii: Ta c:
( )
2 34 8
19 5 0max
0max 31 6
2 2 6, 625.10 .3.10
3, 88.1, 6.10 0, 25.10 / .
2 9,1.10 0, 32.10
mv hc hc
A v A m s
m

_
_
+

,
,
VII.
VT L HT NHN
Cu 1: Ht nhn
226
Ra ng yn phng ra mt ht v bin i thnh ht nhn X. ng nng ca ht
phng ra bng 4,8 MeV. Coi t l khi lng xp x bng t s ca s khi. Nng lng mt phn r to ra
l
A. 4,886 MeV. B. 4,885 MeV. C. 4,884 MeV. D. 0 MeV.
* Hng dn gii: Phng trnh phng x:
226 4 222
. Ra He X +
- p dng nh lut ng lng v ng nng, ta c:
2 2
W
0 W W W
W 4,886( ).
W W W W
X X X X X
Th
X
Th
X X
m
p p p p m m
m
m E E MeV
m m
E E

'
+

r r
* Nhn xt: i vi trng hp phng x, ht nhn m thng ng yn nn ng lng ca ht nhn m
(ng lng trc phn ng) bng 0.
Cu 3: Mt lng hn hp gm hai ng v phng x vi s lng ht nhn ban u nh nhau. ng v
th nht c chu k bn r l 2,4 ngy, ng v th hai c chu k bn r l 40 ngy. Sau thi gian t
1
th c
87,75% s ht nhn ca hn hp b phn r, sau thi gian t
2
th c 75% s ht nhn ca hn hp b phn
r. T s t
1
/t
2
l
A. 2. B. 0,5. C. 4. D. 0,25.
* Hng dn gii:
- Gi:
0
N
l s ht nhn ban u ca mi ng v phng x

s ht nhn ban u ca hn hp l
0
2N
.

1
N
l s ht nhn cn li ca ng v phng x 1. Ta c: 1
1 0
2 .
t
T
N N

2
N
l s ht nhn cn li ca ng v phng x 2. Ta c: 2
2 0
2 .
t
T
N N

- Phn trm s ht nhn cn li ca hn hp:

1 2 1 2
0
0, 5 2 2
2
t t
T T
N N
N
_
+
+

,

:
+ Ti t
1
:
1
1
ln 2
ln 2
2,4
4
1
0, 5 0,1225 81,16585.
t
t
e e t

_
+


,
+ Ti t
2
:
2
2
ln 2
ln 2
2,4
4
2
0, 5 0, 25 40, 0011.
t
t
e e t

_
+


,

T s thi gian:
1
2
2.
t
t

Cu 8: Mt bnh nhn iu tr bng ng v phng x, dng tia

dit t bo bnh. Thi gian chiu x ln

u l t = 20 pht, c sau 1 thng th bnh nhn phi ti bnh vin khm bnh v tip tc chiu x. Bit
ng v phng x c chu k bn r T = 4 thng (coi t << T) v vn dng ngun phng x nh ln u.
Hi ln chiu x th 3 phi tin hnh trong bao lu bnh nhn c chiu x vi cng mt lng tia

nh
ln u?
A. 28,2 pht. B. 24,2 pht. C. 40 pht. D. 20 pht.
* Hng dn gii: Lng tia phng x ln u:
1 0 0
(1 )
t
N N e N t

(p dng cng thc gn ng: Khi x << 1 th 1- e
-x
x, y coi
t T <<
nn 1 - e
-t
= t)
Sau thi gian 2 thng, mt na chu k t = T/2, Lng phng x trong ngun phng x s dng ln u cn:
ln 2 ln 2
2 2
0 0 0
T
t
T
N N e N e N e

.
Thi gian chiu x ln ny t:
ln 2 ln 2
'
2 2
0 0
' (1 ) '
t
N N e e N e t N

.
Do :
ln 2
2
' 1, 41.20 28, 2 t e t
pht.
Cu 24: Mt nh my in ht nhn c cng sut pht in 192.10
7
(W), dng nng lng phn hch ca
ht nhn U235 vi hiu sut 60%. Trung bnh mi ht U235 phn hch to ra nng lng 200 (MeV). Hi
trong 365 ngy hot ng nh my tiu th mt khi lng U235 nguyn cht l bao nhiu. S N
A
=
6,022.10
23
mol
-1
.
A. 1845,9 kg. B. 1230,6 kg. C. 2482 kg. D. 3463 kg.
* Hng dn gii:
- Cng sut ton phn cn cung cp cho nh my (ly t phn ng phn hch ca U235):
tp
P
P
H

.
- Nng lng ton phn cn cung cp cho nh my trong 365 ngy:
.
tp tp
Pt
A P t
H

.
- S ht U cn phn hch c nng lng trn:
tp
A
Pt
N
Q HQ

.
- Khi lng U cn phn hch:
7
23 13
192.10 .365.24.3600.235
. . 1230, 6( ).
0, 6.6, 022.10 .200.1, 6.10
U U
A A
N Pt
m A A kg
N HN Q


II. PHN RING
Phn I. Theo chng trnh C BN (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50):
Cu 42: Tnh chu k bn r T ca mt cht phng x, cho bit ti thi im t
1
, t s gia ht con v ht m
l 7, ti thi im t
2
sau t
1
414 ngy, t s l 63.
A. 126 ngy. B. 138 ngy. C. 207 ngy. D. 553 ngy.
* Hng dn gii:
- Nhn xt: Ht nhn con to thnh l do ht nhn m phn r. Do s ht nhn con to thnh bng s
ht nhn m phn r.
- Gi N
0
l s ht nhn m ban u:
+ S ht nhn m cn li thi im t:
0
2
t
T
me
N N

(1)
+ S ht nhn con to thnh thi im t:
0
1 2
t
T
con
N N N
_


,
(2)
1 1
1
1 1
2
414
414 414
2 1 7 2 8
2 1 2 .8 1 63 138
2 1 2 .2 1 63
t t
con T T
t
me
t
con T T
t t
me
con
T T T
me
t
N
N
N
T
N
N
N
+

_ _


, , _

'
_ _ _
,

, , ,

(ngy).
Cu 43: Dng in xoay chiu chy qua mt on mch c biu thc i = 2cos(100t + ) (A), t tnh bng
giy (s). Vo mt thi im no i = 2 (A) v ang gim. Sau t nht bao lu th i = +(A)?
A. 3/200 (s). B. 5/600 (s). C. 2/300 (s). D. 1/100 (s).
* Hng dn gii: Ta c:
0
3 3
6 2 2. . .
2 2
I
- Cch 1: Theo hnh v bn, thi gian cn tm l:
( )
3 3
.
12 4 4 6 4 200
T T T T T
t s + + +
- Cch 2: Theo hnh v vng trn lng gic, ta c: gc qut:
3
6 3 2

+ +
. Do thi gian cn tm:
3
3 2
( ).
100 200
t s

,

* Nhn xt: Cc bn phi nhanh trong vic i
0
3
6 . .
2
I
Cch 1: Dng cho cc on ng ng vi cc khong thi
gian c bit:
12
T
;
4
T
;
6
T
;..
Cch 2: Dng cho khong thi gian bt k.
Cu 44: Trong th nghim giao thoa Y-ng, khong cch hai khe

l 0,5 mm. Giao thoa thc hin vi nh
sng n sc c bc sng th ti im M c ta 1 mm l v tr vn sng bc 2. Nu dch mn xa
I
0
=
3
2
3
2
O
i
1/2
thm mt on 50/3 (cm) theo phng vung gc vi mt phng hai khe th ti M l v tr vn ti th 2.
Bc sng dng lm th nghim l
A. 0,4 m. B. 0,5 m. C. 0,6 m. D. 0,64 m.
* Hng dn gii:
- Khi cha dch chuyn mn: Ti M l vn sng th 2 (k = 2) nn:
2
M
D
x
a

(1)
- Khi dch chuyn mn vung gc mt phng hai khe: Ti M l vn ti th 2 (k = 1) nn:
( ) 0 5 3
1 5 0 25
1 5
M
D , /
, D ,
x ,
a a a

+
+ (2)
- T (1) vo (2), ta c:
1 5 0 25
2 0 5
D , D ,
D , m.
a a a

+
T (1) suy ra: ( ) ( )
6
0 5 10 0 5 , . m , m .

Cu 46: Mt con lc n c vt nho khi lng m mang in tich q > 0 c coi la in tich im. Ban
u con lc dao ng di tc dng ch ca trng trng c bin gc
0
. Khi con lc c li gc 0,5
0
th tc dng mt in trng u ma vect cng in trng co ln l E va hng thng ng
xung di. Bit qE = mg. C nng ca con lc sau khi tc dng in trng thay i nh th no?
A. Gim 25%. B. Tng 25%. C. Tng 50%. D. Gim 50%.
* Hng dn gii: Mun bit c nng con lc thay i nh th no th ta lp t l c nng ca con lc sau
v trc khi chu thm tc dng thm lc in trng. C th:
- Trc khi chu tc dng ca in trng:
+ C nng con lc:
2
0
2
mgl
W
(1)
+ Khi
2 0
0
3 3
W W .
2 4 4 2

mgl

- Khi chu tc dng ca in trng:
+ Gia tc hiu dng ca con lc khi chu tc dng thm lc in in:
' 2 .
qE
g g g
m
+
+ C nng con lc:
2
' 2 2 2 2 0
0 0 0
' 3 2 3 5
'
2 4 2 2 4 4 2 8
t
mg l mgl mgl mgl
W W W mgl

+ + + (2)
- T (1) v (2), ta c:
'
' 5
1, 25 0, 25 25%
4
W
W W W
W

(tng 25%).
Cu 47: th biu din s bin thin ca bnh phng vn tc theo li trong dao ng iu ho c
dng l
A. mt ng elip. B. mt phn ng hypebol.
C. mt ng trn. D. mt phn ng parabol.
* Hng dn gii:
A, B, C: Sai; D: ng, v ta c:
2
2 2
2
v
A x

+ (
, : A
khng i)
2 2 2 2 2 2
( )
A x A
v x A y ax b

'
+ +

.
th l mt phn ng para bol.
* Nhn xt: + Cc bn nh i vi mt dao ng iu ha th
, A
l khng i.
+ Trnh nhm: th ca bnh phng vn tc theo li vi th ca bnh phng vn tc
theo bnh phng li (l mt on thng).
Cu 48: on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun 30 () mc ni
tip vi cun dy. in p hiu dng hai u cun dy l 120 V. Dng
in trong mch lch pha /6 so vi in p hai u on mch v lch pha
/3 so vi in p hai u cun dy. Tng tr ca mch bng
A. 30 3 . B. 30 . C. 90 . D. 60 2 .
* Hng dn gii:
- Cch 1 (dng cng thc): Do u
d
lch pha (nhanh pha v khng c t C) /3 so vi i (

/2) nn cun dy
phi c in tr trong r. Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 3
3 3
15 .
6 3 3
3 3 3 30
15 3 .
3 3 3
3
L
L
L L
d d L
Z
tg Z R r
r
R r
r r
Z Z
tg Z r
r

+
+
' ; '






Tng tr:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
30 15 15 3 30 3 .
L
Z R r Z + + + +
Cu 49: Mt sng dng c m t bi phng trnh y = 5sin(x/2).cos(10t) vi x v y o bng
centimet, t o bng giy. Khong cch t mt nt qua 3 bng sng n mt nt khc l
A. 12 (cm). B. 6 (cm). C. 24 (cm). D. 18 (cm).
* Hng dn gii:
- Sng dng trn c m t bi 2 thnh phn: mt thnh phn
khng gian (cha x) v mt thnh phn theo thi gian (cha
t). Do : ( )
2
4
2
cm .

- Khong cch t mt nt qua 3 bng n nt khc bng
3
2

nn: ( ) 3 6
2
l cm .

Phn II. Theo chng trnh NNG CAO (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60):
Cu 53: Mt my bin p l tng c s vng dy cun s cp l 2000 v s vng dy cun th cp l
4000. Cun th cp ni vi ti tiu th gm in tr thun 50 ni tip vi cun cm thun c cm
khng 50 . Cun s cp ni vi in p xoay chiu c tr hiu dng khng i 200 V. Cho in p hai
u cun s cp v cng dng in qua cun s cp lun cng pha. Dng in hiu dng qua cun s
cp l
A. 4 2 A. B. 0,6 A. C. 8 A. D. 8 2 A.
* Hng dn gii:
- Hiu in th 2 u cun th cp:
2 2
2 1
1 1
2 2. 400( ).
U N
U U V
U N

- Cng dng in chy qua cun th cp:
2
2
2 2 2 2
400
4 2( )
50 50
L
U
I A
R Z

+ +
.
- Do my bin p l tng (H = 100) nn:
2
2 2
1 2 1 1 2 1
1
16.2.50
8( )
200
I R
P P U I I R I A
U

.
- Lu : + a s cc bn vi dng ngay cng thc:
( )
2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1
. 8 2
U I U
I I A
U I U

m qun trong mch
th cp c L, R nn u
2
v i
2
khng cng pha, do khng dng c cng thc trn.
+ Cng thc tng qut v hiu sut my bin p:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
cos
.
cos
P U I
H
P U I

Cu 56: Ti hai im A v B trn mt nc c hai ngun sng kt hp cng pha cng bin , bc
sng . Coi bin khng i khi truyn i. Bit khong cch AB = 8.
Hi trn khong AB c bao nhiu im dao ng vi bin cc i v
cng pha vi cc ngun?
A. 7. B. 8. C. 1. D. 17.
* Hng dn gii:
- Cch 1: Do hai ngun cng pha, cng bin v cch nhau mt s chn
ln bc sng nn s im dao ng vi bin cc i v cng pha
M N
O
k = 2 k = 1 k = 0
B A
E
D C B
A
vi 2 ngun tha mn:
2 2
AB AB
k

< <
(nu k c 2 ngun th thm du = du bt ng thc, y ta
khng ly du = v bi ton yu cu tm trn khong AB, ch khng phi tm trn on AB)
4 4 0, 1, 2, 3: k k < < t t t
c 7 im.
- Cch 2: S im cc i trn AB:
8 8 0, 1, 2, 3,.. 7 :
AB AB
k k k

< < < < t t t t
c 15 im (mi bn ng trung trc c 7 im). Do
O dao ng cng pha vi hai ngun v hai ng cc i k tip dao ng ngc pha nhau nn s im
dao ng vi bin cc i v cng pha vi cc ngun l 7 im.
Lu : + Vi bi ton trn, nu tm s im dao ng vi bin cc i v ngc pha vi hai
ngun th ta c iu kin l:
0, 5 0, 5.
2 2
AB AB
k

< <
+ Cc em ng vi nhm l tm s im dao ng vi bin cc i hay cc tiu.
Cu 57: Mt ht c ng nng bng 2 ln nng lng ngh ca n. Coi tc nh sng trong chn khng
3.10
8
(m/s). Tc ca ht l
A. 2,56.10
8
m/s. B. 0,56.10
8
m/s. C. 2,83.10
8
m/s. D. 0,65.10
8
m/s.
* Hng dn gii:
Ta c: ( )
2 8
2 2 2 2 2 8
0 0 0 2
2
2
1 1 3.10 .2. 2
1 2 1 2,83.10 / .
3 3
1
v
W mc m c m c m c v m s
c
v
c
_

Cu 59: Mt vt rn quay quanh mt trc c nh vi momen qun tnh l I. Cng tng tc vt rn t

tc gc ln tc 3 l
A. 2,5I
2
. B. 2I
2
. C. 4I
2
. D. 0,5I
2
.
* Hng dn gii: p dng nh l ng nng:
2 2 2
2 1
1 1
4 .
2 2

A A I I I W
* Lu : Trong chuyn ng thng:
2 2
2 1
1 1
.
2 2

A mv mv W
Cu 60: Cho mch in ni tip gm cun dy thun cm c t cm L thay i c, t in C v
in tr R. in p t vo hai u on mch u = 100 6 cos100t (V). Khi in p hiu dng trn cun
dy t gi tr cc i U
LMax
th in p hiu dng trn t l 200 (V). Gi tr U
LMax
l
A. 100 (V). B. 150 (V). C. 300 (V). D. 200 (V).
* Hng dn gii:
- Khi L thay i m U
L
= U
Lmax
th
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 C
L C R L C RC L C RC L L C
C
Z R
Z U U U U U U U U U U U U U
Z
+
+
r r
( )
4
3.10 200 300( ).
L L L
U U U V
Trn y l nhng cch gii tham kho, cc em c th tm c cc cch gii
khc ngn hn. Thy rt vui v iu . Chc cc em t kt qu cao trong
hai k thi sp n. Thn i. GV: L Vn Long