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Modeling and Simulation of 3G UMTS in OPNET

Xi Li, Carmelita Grg TZI, Institute of Communication Networks University of Bremen, Germany xili@comnets.uni-bremen.de 27. Treffen der VDE/ITG-Fachgruppe 5.2.4, Stuttgart June 19, 2008

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Outline
`
y y y

Introduction and motivation

Introduction to UMTS networks Goal of simulations OPNET Simulator

`
y y

Modeling Framework
Modeling scope Requirements and challenges

`
y y

Modeling of UMTS and its evolution in OPNET

Rel99 ATM-based UTRAN Rel5 IP-based UTRAN

` `

Performance Evaluation Future Work

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Introduction
Iub Interface
External network (Internet, PSTN) Core Network

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- Transmission resources is limited and costly - Economic factor of UMTS network design

RNC

RNC

UTRAN
Node B Node B Node B Node B

Node B UE

Node B

Uu Air Interface:
- WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) - Data sent at every TTI - Invokes strict delay requirements of transport of radio frames on Iub interface

Performance Evaluation
- Delay and jitter -Connection reject ratio - Packet discarding due to 3 congestion and excessive delay

Why Simulations?
` Performance Evaluation by simulations ` New feature modeling and testing ` Parameter and network optimization ` Traffic generation and characterization

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` Network capacity planning and dimensioning

y Derive the dimensioning rules from the simulations y Validate the analytical dimensioning models

` Focused on the UTRAN Iub interface

y Transport resources management y Dimensioning of the Iub interface

OPNET Simulator
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Outline
`
y y y

Introduction and motivation

Introduction to UMTS networks Goal of simulations OPNET Simulator

`
y y

Modeling Framework
Modeling scope Requirements and challenges

`
y y

Modeling of UMTS and its evolution in OPNET

Rel99 ATM-based UTRAN Rel5 IP-based UTRAN

` `

Performance Evaluation Future Work

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Modeling Scope
UE UE

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Corresponding Node Corresponding Node

Air Interface

Core Network

NodeB

Iub

RNC

UTRAN

` ` ` `

Groups of UEs and their corresponding nodes as traffic source and sink Air interface: WCDMA UTRAN: NodeBs, RNC, Iub interface, underlying transport technology (e.g. ATM, IP/Ethernet) Core network: Packet Switched (PS) and Circuit Switched (CS) domains
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Modeling Requirements (1)

` Physical Layer
y WCDMA

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` Traffic QoS classes in UMTS network

y y y y y y y y Background Conversational Interactive Streaming UE: User Equipment NodeB: Base stations RNC: control and serve multiple base stations Core network: provide gateways to UTRAN

` Network Architecture

` Transport Technology
y ATM y IP

Modeling Requirements (2)

` Logical Channels
y Dedicated channel (DCH) y Common channel (RACH, FACH)

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` Protocol modeling
y y y y y y y y y y y y Radio Link Control (RLC) Medium Access Control (MAC) Frame Protocol (FP) Transport network layer, e.g. AAL/ATM, IP/Ethernet Radio Access Bearer (RAB) setup/release Call Admission Control (CAC) Channel Type Switching (CTS) Bit Rate Adaptation (BRA) Packet classification Buffer management Scheduling Shaping
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` Resource management

` Traffic management

Challenges for modeling

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` Quality of Service (QoS) provision and differentiation

y ATM defines five QoS classes: CBR, UBR, VBR-rt, VBR-nrt, ABR y IP: e.g. DiffServ, IntServ, RSVP

` Traffic Engineering
y Congestion control, flow control

` Traffic Separation
y Rel99 with HSPA (HSDPA/HSUPA)

` UMTS Evolution
y HSDPA/HSUPA y LTE (Long Term Evolution)

` Mobility Modeling
y Soft/Softer HO y Hard HO
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Outline
`
y y y

Introduction and motivation

Introduction to UMTS networks Goal of simulations OPNET Simulator

`
y y

Modeling Framework
Modeling scope Requirements and challenges

`
y y

Modeling of UMTS and its evolution in OPNET

Rel99 ATM-based UTRAN Rel5 IP-based UTRAN

` `

Performance Evaluation Future Work

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UTRAN Model Concept

UE Traffic
Applications TCP/UDP IP PDCP PDCP RLC RLC MAC MAC

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Applications TCP/UDP IP

Traffic Traffic from from the the remote servers remote servers or or terminals terminals via via core core network network

Iub
FP AAL2 ATM PHY PHY PDCP PDCP RLC RLC MAC MAC FP AAL2 ATM PHY PHY

NodeB

RNC
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Modeling of UMTS Rel99 in OPNET

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RNL

TNL

Based on the OPNET ATM library (workstation/server)

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Main Functions

App. layer: ikom - C omNets Each user is represented by one app. instance define Traffic models e.g. web, voice, ftp

Transport Layer TCP, UDP/IP

UE

UE

UE

UE

RAB
Radio Network Layer (RNL) RLC/MAC/FP

RRM
(CAC, CTS, BRA) Channel assignment DCH (DTCH/DCCH), FACH/RACH
Transport Network Layer (AAL/ATM) AAL2 QoS prioritization (BE and RT) AAL2 shaping based on PCR rate (VP/VC shaping) limited waiting time at the AAL2 buffer of RNC ATM VC, VP setup (CBR, UBR, etc.)

Air interface modelling, e.g. propagation delay, radio frame loss due to bad channel conditions, etc. Core network and Internet delay Each NodeB serves up to three cells

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ATM IP based UTRAN

3G Release 99 3G Release 5

NodeB

NodeB

ATM
NodeB

RNC
NodeB

IP

RNC

Based on AAL2 / ATM

Based on UDP / IP
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Rel5 IP-based UTRAN

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Modeling of Rel5 IP-based UMTS

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Multiplexing, e.g. LIPE, CIP, to enhance the transport efficiency QoS provisioning and differentiation, e.g. DiffServ, IntServ
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Outline
`
y y y

Introduction and motivation

Introduction to UMTS networks Goal of simulations OPNET Simulator

`
y y

Modeling Framework
Modeling scope Requirements and challenges

`
y y

Modeling of UMTS and its evolution in OPNET

Rel99 ATM-based UTRAN Rel5 IP-based UTRAN

` `

Performance Evaluation Future Work

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Dimensioning Task

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` The properly dimensioned Iub has to achieve two main targets:

y Ensure a given level of application performance (guarantee a maximum end-to-end transfer delay) y Allow only a certain percentage of discarded radio frames or FP PDUs, referred to as delayed FP PDU ratio, the FP PDU is discarded due to excessive delays

With given Iub bandwidth/configuration Dimensioning Targets End-to-end Transfer Delay Delayed FP PDU ratio Analytical Analytical Models Models
QoS delayed FP PDU ratio E2E delay Load 2 Load 1 traffic load

Dimensioning Results The maximum acceptable utilization of the Iub capacity

Simulations Simulations

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Simulation Model
` ` `

Modeling of RLC (Radio Link Control), MAC (Medium Access Control), FP (Frame protocol) for UMTS Each user session is assigned to a specific RAB type AAL/ATM as the transport layer Dedicated channels - DCHs Uplink
bit rate (kbps) TTI (ms) 20 20 20

Downlink
bit rate (kbps) 64 128 384 TTI (ms) 20 20 10

RAB 1 Application: FTP Iub link: e.g. 1 E1 line (2Mbps ATM link) RAB 2 RAB 3

64 64 64

TTI: Time Transmit Interval 20

Dimensioning for Elastic Traffic w./w.o. CAC

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Scenario: RAB 128kbps, Iub = 1 E1 line (2Mbps), FTP ( file size: constant 12kbyte)
2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Load
file transfer delay (with CAC) delayed FP PDU ratio (with CAC) file transfer delay (No CAC) delayed FP PDU ratio (No CAC)

80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Delayed FP PDU Ratio

` ` `

When employing the admission control in the system, the application performance is stabilized by limiting the number of active user connections simultaneously on the link. But due to the bursty Internet traffic, the performance of the FP layer is only slightly improved. FP layer performance is the more critical restriction.
Source: X. Li, R. Schelb, C. Grg and A. Timm-Giel, "Dimensioning of UTRAN Iub Links for Elastic Internet Traffic." in Proc. 19th International Teletraffic Congress, Beijing, Aug/Sept. 2005, 2005. 21

Average File Transfer Delay(s)

Validate analytical model via Simulations (I)

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Scenario: RAB 128kbps, Iub = 1 E1 line (2Mbps), FTP ( file size: constant 50kbyte)
5 4.8 4.6 4.4 file transfer delay (s)
blocking ratio 0.12

M/G/R/N-PS Simulation with CAC (50kbyte)

0.11 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03

M/G/R/N-PS Simulation with CAC (50kbyte)

4.2 4 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 offered load 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

0.02 0.01 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 offered load 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

file transfer delay

blocking probability

Source: X. Li, R. Schelb, C. Grg and A. Timm-Giel, "Dimensioning of UTRAN Iub Links for Elastic Internet Traffic." in Proc. 19th International Teletraffic Congress, Beijing, Aug/Sept. 2005, 2005. 22

Validate analytical model via Simulations (II)

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Constant File Size 12kbyte

Multiple RAB Types

file transfer delay (s)

3 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 load 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
M/G/R-PS (RAB 128) Simulation (RAB 128) M/G/R-PS (RAB 64) Simulation (RAB 64) M/G/R-PS (RAB 384) Simulation (RAB 384)

` ` ` `

The transfer delay dependent on the bearer type Analytical results matches the simulaitons in the low load In high load, the flows with the small peak rates achieve longer transaction times than calculated with the M/G/R-PS model, while the high-peak-rate flows experience a somewhat higher QoS than calculated The delay for a common file size among the different traffic classes tends to converge in the high load as none of them can utilize its peak rate and thus a fair share of the available resources is available among different RAB types

Source: X. Li, R. Schelb, C. Grg and A. Timm-Giel, "Dimensioning of UTRAN Iub Links for Elastic Internet Traffic with Multiple Radio Bearers," in Proc. 13th GI/ITG Conference Measuring, Modelling and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems, Nrnberg, March 2006, 2006 23

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Main Research
` Dimensioning for Iub link for supporting various traffic scenarios for different UMTS releases (Rel99, IP-based UTRAN, HSDPA, HSUPA) y Derive the dimensioning rules from the simulations y Validate the analytical dimensioning models ` Iub Overbooking in multi-NodeBs scenario ` Combine HSPA and Rel99 traffic with traffic separation

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Future Work
` UMTS Evolution y Internet HSPA or I-HSPA, a flat architecture that provides the first step towards Long Term Evolution (LTE)
y 3GPP Long Term Evolution (Evolved UTRA and UTRAN) accompanied by 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

` New Services, e.g. VoIP, IPTV, etc. ` Validate with real word scenario

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References

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` X. Li, R. Schelb, C. Grg and A. Timm-Giel, "Dimensioning of UTRAN Iub

Links for Elastic Internet Traffic." in Proc. 19th International Teletraffic Congress, Beijing, Aug/Sept. 2005, 2005.

` X. Li, R. Schelb, C. Grg and A. Timm-Giel, "Dimensioning of UTRAN Iub

Links for Elastic Internet Traffic with Multiple Radio Bearers," in Proc. 13th GI/ITG Conference Measuring, Modelling and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems, Nrnberg, March 2006, 2006

` T. L. Weerawardane, X. Li, A. Timm-Giel and C. Grg, "Modeling and

Simulation of UMTS HSDPA in OPNET," in Proc. OPNETWORK 2006, September, 2006, Washington DC, USA, 2006

` X.Li, W. Cheng, A.Timm-Giel, and C. Grg, "Modeling IP-based UTRAN for

UMTS in OPNET", distinguished paper award, in Proc. OPNETWORK 2007, September, 2007, Washington DC, USA, 2007

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Thanks for attentions! Questions?

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