Robert Buchanan 4-17-13 6/7

GOVERNMENT Sparta was an oligarchy ruled by a Council of Elders. The council consisted of 2 Kings and 28 elders (Age 60+). Elections were basically a shooting match. The loudest support meant victory!

ECONOMY Spartans relied on slaves (Helots) and noncitizens (Perikoi) to farm the land, sculpt pottery, sew clothing, and repair weapons. They also relied on trade with other countries. Spartans would purchase their goods with heavy iron bars instead of using coins.

EDUCATION Boys and girls were expected to be disciplined and strong. Babies were left to die if they seemed to be weak. At the age of 7, boys were sent to the barracks to begin their military training. They were taught to suffer immense pain without any complaint; to steal without being caught; to fight and intimidate others. At age 20 they had to pass a physical and strategic exam before they could become a true Spartan soldier and citizen. WOMEN Girls were also expected to be tough. They trained in archery and gymnastics. Spartan women had more rights than most Greeks. They looked after their husbands property during times of war. Spartan women were also free to speak with other men, even marry a second husband if her first husband was gone from battle too long.

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Use the previous pages and the British Museums Sparta Website to complete the following. Write complete sentences with specific details and analytical explanations from the texts. DO NOT PLAGARIZE. PARAPHRASE USING YOUR OWN VOCABULARY. Be thorough in your answers. Input Charts are the primary source for Unit Exams (30% HISTORY category), use as study guide. PROMPT 1.) What type of government did the Spartans use? What does this reveal about Spartan society? 2.) Who was expected to farm, sculpt, and metalworking in Spartan society? What does this reveal about the role of citizens in Spartan society? 3.) Describe the steps a Sparta male had to endure to become a full soldier and citizen. What does this reveal about the expectations of masculinity in Spartan culture. YOUR ANSWER The type of government Spartans used was oligarchy. This reveals that Spartans had about 25 people ruling a country a small amount. Spartans used slaves to farm and sculpt the land. It means that the Spartans relied heavily on slaves and they treated the lower class poorly.

The steps a Spartan man had to do to become a soldier were at age seven they had to overcome immense pain, steal without being caught, and to fight. At age 20 they had to pass physical and strategic exams to become a soldier and citizen. 4.) How were Spartan women different from Spartan women were different from other Greek most Greek women? (Be specific) What does women because they took gymnastics and this reveal about the expectations of archery, could marry a second husband if the first femininity in Spartan culture? was gone away at war too long, and were free to speak with other men. 5.) On the website, click the link for Story, read Sparta transformed from a place of craftsmanship the story and provide the one possible reason to a military-oriented city because they needed to that Sparta transformed from a place of be ready for war against the Helots, and built a craftsmanship into a military-oriented city. good army. 6.) On the website, click the link for Explore, Important insights indicated about Greek culture select the drawer for Food and Feasting. through food and feasting were the water jar was Explore each of the 5 objects and explain the used for mixing wine to dilute it. Second, the man important insights indicated about Greek culture feasting shows that men dined in mess houses and through food and feasting. each had to contribute some sort food to it. Third, Aritsaios discovered how to make olive oil and discovered bee keeping. Fourth, the kylix was a mixing bowl used for wine. Last, the skyphos is a drinking cup used for wine, which was diluted by water. Only men both pour and wealthy drank wine. Not many women did. 7.) On the website, click the link for Explore, First, the religious vases were left as offering to select the drawer for Religion. Explore each of the goddess Artemis Orthia. Second, the masks the 8 objects and explain the important insights were used to mark childrens move from indicated about Greek culture through religion. childhood to adulthood. Third, the sanctuary of

8.) On the website, click the link for Challenge, complete the challenge steps, and then reflect on your learning and questions stemming from the experience.

Robert Buchanan 4-17-13 6/7 Artemis Orthia was used to house the statue of the goddess and hold sacrifices. Fourth, the Ivory lion was another offering for Artemis. Fifth, the bronze pot was used for another offering to Artemis. Sixth, the Aritaios was though to be from an important sanctuary where the goddess Artemis Orthia was worshipped. Seventh, the bronze dog was another offering to Artemis. Last, the figure of Athena and many other lead figurines were offering to Artemis Orthia. My learning was that it took long hard work for children to become Spartan citizens. Why are the Spartans so tough on the challenges children had to undertake?