A PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF AN EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA CRISTA GALLI (CEIBO)R. PICHARD and J. V.

LUCO
- Author Affiliations 1. Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

Abstract
The effects of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Erythrina crista galli (ceibo) were studied in cats anesthetized with dial. These extracts produce a depression of the responses of effectors innervated by cholinergic nerves when these effectors are stimulated by injected acetylcholine or through their nerves. In the doses used, they do not affect the organs innervated by adrenergic nerves. This curarizing effect is antagonized by prostigmine (fig. 2) and, at the neuromuscular junction, also by the application of a tetanus (post-tetanic decurarization, fig. 3). Besides the curarizing effect, it is shown that in the submaxillary gland stimulated by acetylcholine small initial doses of Erythrina provoke a clear increase of the response and large doses cause a decrease (figs. 10 and 11). In some cases a moderate dose could produce both effects, first potentiating and then depressing.

Antimicrobial isoflavonoids from Erythrina crista galli infected with Phomopsis sp.
Full Abstract
The isoflavonoids coumestrol, genistein and daidzein have been isolated and identified by bioassay-guided fractionation from the acetone extract of Erythrina crista galli young twigs infected with Phomopsis sp. These compounds showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus brevis (MIC values 16.3, 64.8 and 137.8 microM, respectively). This is the first time that coumestrol, besides lutein and n-nonacosane, are reported in this species. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2004 Sep;57(9):559-63.

Phomol, a new antiinflammatory metabolite from an endophyte of the medicinal plant Erythrina crista-galli.Weber D, Sterner O, Anke T, Gorzalczancy S, Martino V, Acevedo C.
Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Erwin-Schrdinger-Str. 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.

Phomol (1), a novel antibiotic, was isolated from fermentations of a Phomopsis species in the course of a screening of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Erythrina crista-galli. For this Argentinean leguminosa antiinflammatory and neuroleptic activities have been described. The compound exhibits antifungal, antibacterial and weak cytotoxic acticity. The antiinflammatory activity was tested in different reporter gene assays (TNF-alpha, STAT1/STAT2 and NF-kappaB) and in an ear edema model in mice. In the reporter gene assays 1 exhibited no activity, whereas 1 showed interesting antiinflammatory activity in the mouse ear assay. The compound is a polyketide lactone and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. PMID: 15580955 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Detail Penelitian Obat Bahan Alam

Judul Penelitian Isolasi Alkaloid Dari Bunga Dadap Hias (Erythrina crista-galli L.) Peneliti Wiwin Mailana Siti Kusmardiyani Irda Fidrianny Abstrak Telah diisolasi satu senyawa alkaloid dari ekstrak etanol bunga dadap hias. Ekstrak difraksinasi secara ekstraksi cair-cair pada pH 8. Kandungan alkaloid diperiksa secara kromatografi lapis tipis dengan penampak bercak asam sulfat 10% dalam metanol dan pereaksi Dragendorff, kemudian dikromatografi preparatif. Isolat berupa kristal berwarna coklat dengan titik leleh 196,0-198,50C. Spektra ultraviolet-sinar tampak dan inframerah menunjukkan bahwa isolat mempunyai ikatan rangkap terkonjugasi, gugus C-O, C=C, C-N, dan N-oksida. Berdasarkan pustaka alkaloid erythrina isolat diduga 11 -metoksieritralin N-oksida. Keterangan Skripsi Tahun 2005 Tempat Penelitian Sekolah Farmasi ITB Kandungan Kimia Hasil: Isolat berupa kristal berwarna coklat dengan titik leleh 196,0-198,50C, diduga 11 -metoksieritralin Noksida Isolasi Penelitian meliputi penyiapan bahan, identifikasi, karakterisasi simplisia, penapisan fitokimia, pembuatan ekstrak, pemisahan, pemurnian, dan karakterisasi isolat. Ekstraksi untuk menarik alkaloid, (1) alkaloid ditarik dalam bentuk garamnya dengan alkohol dalam suasana asam, dan dipisahkan dalam bentuk basanya, (2) garam alkaloid diubah dalam bentuk basanya kemudian ditarik dengan pelarut organik, namun alkaloid kuartener tidak bisa dipindahkan dengan cara ini. Pengembangan metode ekstraksi dilakukan berdasarkan sifat alkaloid yang terdapat dalam bentuk basa dan garamnya. Simplisia diekstrasi secara refluks. Ekstrak difraksinasi dengan perbedaan kelarutan alkaloid dalam pH tertentu. Pemeriksaan ekstrak dan fraksi dilakukan secara KLT. Fraksi yang dipilih diisolasi secara KLT preparatif. Isolat diuji kemurniannya secara KLT dua dimensi. Isolat murni dikarakterisasi secara spektrofotometri ultraviolet dan inframerah. Hasil determinasi menunjukkan Erythrina crista-galli L.Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi yaitu kadar abu total 7,02%; kadar abu larut air 3,65%; kadar abu tidak larut asam 1,08%, kadar sari larut air 4,20%; kadar sari larut etanol 21,25%; kadar air 8,00%, susut pengeringan 8,25%.Hasil penetapan fitokimia menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Isolat berupa kristal berwarna coklat dengan titik leleh 196,0-198,50C. Spektra ultraviolet-sinar tampak dan inframerah menunjukkan bahwa isolat mempunyai

ikatan rangkap terkonjugasi, gugus C-O, C=C, C-N, dan N-oksida. Berdasarkan pustaka alkaloid erythrina isolat diduga 11 -metoksieritralin N-oksida. Bagi mereka yang mengutip hasil penelitian ini wajib menuliskan sumbernya Sekolah Farmasi ITB http://bahan-alam.fa.itb.ac.id

Technical information about 'Erythrina'

Definition: A genus of leguminous shrubs or trees, mainly tropical, yielding certain alkaloids, lectins, and other useful compounds. Descriptor UI: D004895 Alternative terms: Erythrina; Erythrina cristagalli; Allowable Qualifiers: adverse effects; anatomy & histology; classification; cytology; drug effects; embryology; enzymology; genetics; growth & development; immunology; metabolism; microbiology; parasitology; physiology; poisoning; radiation effects; toxicity; ultrastructure; chemistry; virology; Tree Number: B06.388.100.401.200; History Note: 91(86)63; was see under PLANTS, MEDICINAL 1986-90; was heading 1963-85 Technical Notes: coord with specific PLANT COMPONENTS term if pertinent; for use in therapy coord IM with PHYTOTHERAPY (IM) + disease/drug ther (IM) + PLANT PREPARATION or its indentations/ther use (IM or NIM) + specific plant chemical /ther use (IM) if pertinent; Manual 26.29

Crystal structures of Erythrina cristagalli lectin with bound N-linked oligosaccharide and lactose Kathryn Turton 1, Ramanathan Natesh 1, Nethaji
Thiyagarajan 1, John A. Chaddock 2, K. Ravi Acharya 1* 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of
Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom 2 The Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: K.R.Acharya@bath.ac.uk

Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) is a galactose-specific legume lectin. Although its biological function in the legume is unknown, ECL exhibits haemagglutinating activity in vitro and is mitogenic for T lymphocytes. In addition, it has been recently shown that ECL forms a novel conjugate when coupled to a catalytically active derivative of the type A neurotoxin from Clostridium botulinum, thus providing a therapeutic potential. ECL is biologically active as a dimer in which each protomer contains a functional carbohydrate-combining site. The crystal structure of native ECL was recently reported in complex with lactose and 2'-fucosyllactose. ECL protomers adopt the legume lectin fold but form non-canonical dimers via the handshake motif as was previously observed for Erythrina corallodendron lectin. Here, we report the crystal structures of native and recombinant forms of the lectin in three new crystal forms, both unliganded and in complex with lactose. For the first time, the detailed structure of the glycosylated hexasaccharide for native ECL has been elucidated. The structure also shows that in the crystal lattice the glycosylation site and the carbohydrate binding site are involved in inter-molecular contacts through water-mediated interactions. Keywords: Erythrina cristagalli lectin, Erythrina corallodendron lectin, N-glycosylation, crystal structure, protein-carbohydrate interaction

Botany
A flowering medium-sized tree, growing to a height of 5-8 meters.. The trunk is woody with irregular spiny branches. Leaves have three leaflets, smooth, alternate, up to 6 cm long. Leaflets are dark green, elliptic, acute with entire margins. Flowers are papilionate, petals 5 cm long, separate stamens about 1 cm long. Fruits are woody, elongated, cylindrical, up to 3 cm long.

Distribution
Native to South America. Grown in Baguio gardens.

Properties and constituents

Contains an alkaloid with powerful narcotic and purgative effects. Disinfectant. Contains mellein, nectriapyrone, 4hydroxymellein, scyoalone, tyrosol, clavatol, mevinic acid, and mevalonolactone.

Parts utilized
Bark, root.

Uses
Folkloric In the Philippines, not known for any medicinal use. In Japan: Phomol, a new antiinflammatory metabolite from an endophyte of the Erythrina cristagalli. Science Links Japan: <http://sciencelinks.jp/> In Argentina, used as anti-inflammatory and for treatment of wounds. In Brazil, several Erythrina species are used by indigenous tribes in Brazil as insecticides, fish poison, medicine, and sleep aid.

Studies
Study describes the analgesic activity of extracts and some fractions obtained from Erythrina crista-galli leaves in different in vivo
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a780476684~db=all~jumptype=rss

Analgesic properties of extracts and fractions from Erythrina crista-galli (Fabaceae) leaves: The study describes the analgesic activity of extracts from Erythrina crista-galli leaves in experimental mice models. Antimicrobial Isoflavonoids: Study isolated isoflavonoids coumestrol, genistein and daidzein from the acetone extract of E crista-galli leaves. The compounds showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus brevis. Phomol / Antiinfllamatory Metabolite from E crista-galli endophyte: The majority of endophytes isolated from different collections of E crista-galli are species of the genus Phomopsis. Phomol, a novel antibiotic, was isolated from an endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant E cristagalli.

Availability
Wildcrafted.

Binding of [1-13C]galactose-enriched hen ovalbumin to Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin as studied by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy Elisha BERMAN 1 , Halina LIS 2 Thomas L. JAMES 3 1 Departments of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 2 Departments of Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 3 Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Radiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Correspondence to E. Berman, Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Il-76100, Israel Copyright Federation of European Biochemical Societies, 1986

ABSTRACT
A study of the equilibrium binding of glycoproteins to lectins was undertaken using the titled compounds as a model system for such interactions. The binding of hen ovalbumin, enriched in galactose specifically 13Clabelled at C1, to Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin was studied by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The lectin was shown to be bivalent for ovalbumin with an apparent estimated association constant, at infinite dilution, of about 104 M1. The observed association is similar to that found for the corresponding disaccharide, Gal(1 4)GlcNAc. The results strongly suggest that only the N-acetyllactosamine moiety in the carbohydrate side chain of galactoseenriched ovalbumin participates in the binding to the lectin with little, if any, interactions from other parts of either the side chain or the polypeptide backbone of ovalbumin.

(Received June 30/August 29, 1986) EJB 86 0682