Spelling of the -ed forms

The spelling of the simple past form (-ed forms)

You will learn the spelling of the simple past form (-ed form.) But before you continue the lesson study the following examples and try to see how the verbs are spelled. Verbs ending in a... 1. silent e 2. vowel + y 3. consonant + y 4. other forms visit = visited miss = missed watch = watched finish = finished fix = fixed buzz = buzzed

close = closed marry = married die = died play = played carry = carried phone = phoned destroy = destroyed study = studied show = showed

The rules of the simple past tense forms:

Here are the rules: 1. Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the simple past and past participle: Example: close=closed 2. Regular verbs ending in a vowel + y take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle: Example: play=played 3. Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the simple past and past participle (the y becomes an i followed by /-ed/) Example: marry=married 4. All the other regular vebs take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle.

Example: visit=visited

Special cases of the -ed forms:

Follow these rules when there is a consonant after a vowel (stop, ban, open, offer...)

If there is a consonant after a stressed vowel at the end of the word, double the consonant stop stopped ban - banned swap - swapped If the vowel is not stressed, we do not double it: open - opened (Here the stress is on'o', not the 'e'.) offer - offered ( Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e'.)

In British English we double the last l even though the last vowel is not stressed. Here are some examples:

travel - travelled cancel - cancelled level - levelled