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GEOP 320 Seismic Data Processing Course Outline

1. Introduction Objectives of seismic data processing Basic seismic data processing sequence Preprocessing Deconvolution CMP Sorting Velocity analysis Residual statics correction NMO Correction Stacking Migration 2. Fundamentals The Fourier transform The impulse function The sinc function Convolution Correlation The z-transform Frequency filtering Frequency aliasing Phase considerations Gain applications 3. Deconvolution The convolutional model Inverse filtering The seismogram-wavelet relation Optimum Wiener filters Inverse filtering by normal equations Predictive deconvolution Predictive deconvolution in practice Autocorrelation window Operator length Prediction lag Percent prewhitening Effect of random noise on deconvolution Multiple suppression by predictive deconvolution Nonstationarity and deconvolution

4. Velocity analysis Introduction Velocity determination in practice (1) The T2-X2 method (2) Constant-velocity stacks (CVS) (3) The velocity spectrum Factors affecting velocity estimates 5. Statics corrections Residual statics correction Surface-consistent residual statics correction Residual statics correction in practice Maximum allowable shift Correlation window Other considerations Field statics correction The uphole method The plus-minus method The least-squares method 6. NMO correction & stacking Normal moveout (NMO) correction NMO in a horizontally stratified Earth NMO stretching DMO for a dipping layer NMO for several layers with arbitrary dips Stacking 7. Migration Introduction Migration principles Kirchhoff migration Finite-difference migration Frequency-wavenumber (f-k) migration Migration in practice Kirchhoff migration in practice Finite-difference migration in practice f-k migration in practice Migration and spatial aliasing Migration and ambient noise Migration and profile length Prestack migration Depth migration Migration velocity analysis