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Band Designation

OLD

30-300MHz
B
C

300-1000MHz

4-8GHz

Ku

Ka

30cm

1.5

20cm

15cm

3
4
5
6

10cm
7.5cm
6cm
5cm

3.75cm

10

3cm

15

2cm

20

1.5cm

20-40GHz

30
40

10mm
7.5mm

40-60GHz

50

6mm

60

5mm

75

4mm

100

3mm

1-2GHz

3-4GHz

4-6GHz

6-8GHz

8-10GHz

12-18GHz
18-27GHz

40cm

1.0

500-1000MHz

2-3GHz

8-12GHz

0.75

250-500MHz

2-4GHz

3m
2m
1.5m
100cm
60cm

1-2GHz

CONNECTOR TYPES

Wavelength

0.1
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.5

0-250MHz

UHF

Frequency GHz

New

3-30MHz

VHF

10-20GHz

27-40GHz
L

40-60GHz

60-90GHz

60-100GHz

SWR

Relative to Unity Reference

Retn.
Loss
(dB)

Refl.
Coeff

X dB
Below
Ref.

Ref + X
(dB)

Ref - X
(dB)

Ref X
Pk to Pk
Ripple

17.391
8.7242
5.8480
4.4194
3.5698
3.0095
2.6146
2.3229
2.0999
1.9250

0.8913
0.7943
0.7079
0.6310
0.5623
0.5012
0.4467
0.3981
0.3548
0.3162

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

5.5350
5.0780
4.6495
4.2489
3.8755
3.5287
3.2075
2.9108
2.6376
2.3866

19.2715
13.7365
10.6907
8.6585
7.1773
6.0412
5.1405
4.4096
3.8063
3.3018

24.8065
18.8145
15.3402
12.9073
11.0528
9.5699
8.3480
7.3204
6.4439
5.6884

1.7849
1.6709
1.5769
1.4985
1.4326
1.3767
1.3290
1.2880
1.2528
1.2222

0.2818
0.2512
0.2239
0.1995
0.1778
0.1585
0.1413
0.1259
0.1122
0.1000

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

2.1567
1.9465
1.7547
1.5802
1.4216
1.2778
1.1476
1.0299
0.9237
0.8279

2.8756
2.5126
2.2013
1.9331
1.7007
1.4988
1.3227
1.1687
1.0337
0.9151

5.0322
4.4590
3.9561
3.5133
3.1224
2.7766
2.4703
2.1986
1.9574
1.7430

1.1957
1.1726
1.1524
1.1347
1.1192

0.0891
0.0794
0.0708
0.0631
0.0562

21
22
23
24
25

21
22
23
24
25

0.7416
0.6639
0.5941
0.5314
0.4752

0.8108
0.7189
0.6378
0.5661
0.5027

1.5524
1.3828
1.2319
1.0975
0.9779

Refl.
Coeff

Retn.
Loss
(dB)

X dB
Below
Ref.

PRECISION N

TYPE N

GPC-7

SMA

3.5mm

K CONN

2.4mm V CONN

W CONN

FREQUENCY LIMIT (GHz)

20

18

18

18

26.5

40

50

67

110

MATING TYPE

MALE/
FEMALE

MALE/
FEMALE

SEXLESS SM/F

M/F

M/F

M/F

M/F

M/F

TYPE MATES WITH

N/PRECISION N

N ONLY

SELF

3.5 & K SMA & K SMA & 3.5

2.4

0.0945 0.0728
0.041 0.0316
AIR
AIR
AIR
0.02
0.02
METRIC METRIC METRIC

OUTER CONDUCTOR
CENTRE CONDUCTOR
DIELECTRIC
MALE PIN
FEMALE THREAD

0.2756
0.1197
AIR
0.065
5/8/24

0.2756
0.1197
AIR
N/A

0.166
0.05
TEFLON
0.036
1/4/36

0.1378
0.0598
AIR
1/4/36

0.1151
0.05
AIR
0.036
1/4/36

GLASS BEAD PIN SIZE

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.012

N/A

3.5
1.52

2.92
1.27

2.4
1.042

OUTER CONDUCTOR
CENTRE CONDUCTOR
MALE PIN
FEMALE THREAD

7
3.04

7
3.04

4.2
1.27

INCHES

INCHES

INCHES INCHES

GLASS BEAD PIN SIZE

PIN DEPTH
SPARK PLUG
FLANGE MOUNT
BACK SIDE
GLASS BEAD

Ref + X
(dB)

Ref - X
(dB)

Ref X
Pk to Pk
Ripple

0.0501
0.0447
0.0398
0.0355
0.0316

26
27
28
29
30

26
27
28
29
30

0.4248
0.3796
0.3391
0.3028
0.2704

0.4466
0.3969
0.3529
0.3138
0.2791

0.8714
0.7765
0.6919
0.6166
0.5495

1.0580
1.0515
1.0458
1.0407
1.0362
1.0322
1.0287
1.0255
1.0227
1.0202

0.0282
0.0251
0.0224
0.0200
0.0178
0.0158
0.0141
0.0126
0.0112
0.0100

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

0.2414
0.2155
0.1923
0.1716
0.1531
0.1366
0.1218
0.1087
0.0969
0.0864

0.2483
0.2210
0.1967
0.1751
0.1558
0.1388
0.1236
0.1100
0.0980
0.0873

0.4897
0.4365
0.3890
0.3467
0.3090
0.2753
0.2454
0.2187
0.1949
0.1737

0.3

1.0180
1.0160
1.0143
1.0127
1.0113
1.0101
1.0090
1.0080
1.0071
1.0063

0.0089
0.0079
0.0071
0.0063
0.0056
0.0050
0.0045
0.0040
0.0035
0.0032

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

0.0771
0.0687
0.0613
0.0546
0.0487
0.0434
0.0387
0.0345
0.0308
0.0274

0.0778
0.0683
0.0617
0.0550
0.0490
0.0436
0.0389
0.0346
0.0309
0.0275

0.1548
0.1380
0.1230
0.1096
0.0977
0.0871
0.0776
0.0692
0.0616
0.0549

1.0057
1.0050
1.0045
1.0040
1.0036
1.0032
1.0028
1.0025
1.0022
1.0020

0.0028
0.0025
0.0022
0.0020
0.0018
0.0016
0.0014
0.0013
0.0011
0.0010

51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.0244
0.0218
0.0194
0.0173
0.0154
0.0138
0.0123
0.0109
0.0097
0.0087

0.0245
0.0218
0.0195
0.0173
0.0155
0.0138
0.0123
0.0109
0.0098
0.0087

0.0490
0.0436
0.0389
0.0347
0.0309
0.027
0.0245
0.0219
0.0195
0.0174

The axial distance between the Reference Plane (typically Outer Conductor), and the Centre Conductor
A Screw-In Connector
A Screw-On Connector
The Interface between the connector and the internal circuit:Location of most connector problems
Used to create a Hermetic package.A large source of Connector mismatch.

PORT
1

Zo

TEST ITEM

2 PORT
NETWORK

Zo
b1

FORWARD - TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT

S21 =
Voltage transmission coefficient from port 1 to port 2
when port 2 is perfectly matched.

b1
REVERSE-TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT
S12 = a2
Voltage transmission coefficient from port 2 to port 1 whenport 1 is perfectly matched.

b2
a1

b2
OUTPUT-REFLECTION COEFFICIENT
S22 = a2
Looking into port 2 when port 1 is perfectly matched.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Waveguide Designation

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Frequency
Range (Ghz)
1.14 - 1.73
1.72 - 2.61
2.60 - 3.95
3.30 - 4.90
3.94 - 5.99
4.64 - 7.05
5.38 - 8.18
6.58 - 10.0
8.20 - 12.5
9.84 - 15.0
11.9 - 18.0
14.5 - 22.0
17.6 - 26.7
21.7 - 33.0
26.4 - 40.1
33.0 - 50.1
39.3 - 59.7
49.9 - 75.8
60.5 - 92.0
73.8 - 112.0
92.3 - 140.0
114.0 - 173.0
145.0 - 220.0
172.0 - 261.0
217.0 - 330.0

22

10

21

10

COSMIC RAY

WAVELENGTH (nm)

GAMMA RAY

18

X-RAY

17
16

10

C
P

D E F G
L

I
X

J
Ku

K
K

Ka

15

10

INFRAED LIGHT

Yellow
Orange

11

10

10

10

Satellite communications

10
10

Optical fibre micro system

Radar

RADAR
TELEVISION &
FM RADIO
SHORTWAVE RADIO
AM RADIO

10

10

HBT

10

MESFET

10

HEMT

Red

10

Radio LAN
VICS, Collision prevention

Anritsu RF & Microwave Reference Chart No.1.

12

10
10

Broadcast communications

Blue
Green

Public switched line

Terrestrial communications

Violet

VISIBLE LIGHT

10

Business communications

Ultra Violet

13

Old name

Satellite communications

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

14

10
10

New name

Zo
b2

b1
INPUT-REFLECTION COEFFICIENT
S11 = a1
Looking into port 1 when port 2 is perfectly matched.

10

Millimeter wave

Zo

a2

19

Microwave

PORT
2

a1

10

EH F

0.23

The four-S-parameters are:

10

SHF

1.85
1
0.8036
0.25
0.25
M7-.75 M7-.75 M4-.7

In microwave circuit design S-parameters are very useful for the full characterisation of any 2 port Network. In contrast to z,y and h-parameters, which
require broadband short circuited and open circuited connections at the TEST ITEM for the measurement, S-parameters are determined with input and
output terminated with the resistive characteristic impedance of test systems (generally 50 ohms in a coaxial line system).
Parasitic oscillations in active devices are minimised when these devices are terminated in resistive loads. S-parameters are complex, having a magnitude and a phase relationship, and are measured in terms of incident and reflected voltages using a VECTOR VOLTMETER or VECTOR
NETWORK ANALYSER (VNA).

20

UHF

INCHES

S-Parameters

10

Ultra-high frequency

N/A

IMPORTANT TERMS

1.1055
1.0935
1.0829
1.0736
1.0653

RF Spectrum Bands

0.009

METRIC mm DIM'S

Relative to Unity Reference

Conversion tables for return loss,

reflection coefficicient, and SWR with
values for interaction of a small phasor
(utility reference) expressed in dB related
to the reference.

DETAILS

INCH DIMENSIONS

RF Measurement Conversion Tables

SWR

Power to Voltage Conversion

RF Connector Comparison Table

Band Designation, Old and New

HF

Wave Communications

Reference Charts for RF &

SOUND
SUBSONIC

Infrared

400
455
490
550
580
620
750
800
850

British
WG
6
8
10
11A
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

IEC
R
14
22
32
40
48
58
70
84
100
120
140
180
220
260
320
400
500
620
740
900
1200
1400
1800
2200
2600

EIA
WR
650
430
284
229
187
159
137
112
90
75
62
51
42
34
28
22
19
15
12
10
8
6
5
4
3

dBm
-40
-39
-38
-37
-36
-35
-34
-33
-32
-31
-30
-29
-28
-27
-26
-25
-24
-23
-22
-21
dBm
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
dBm
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
dBm
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
dBm
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

mW
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0.0013
0.0016
0.0020
0.0025
0.0032
0.0040
0.0050
0.0063
0.0079
mW
0.010
0.013
0.016
0.020
0.025
0.032
0.040
0.050
0.063
0.079
0.100
0.126
0.159
0.200
0.251
0.316
0.398
0.501
0.631
0.794
mW
1.00
1.26
1.59
2.00
2.51
3.16
3.98
5.01
6.31
7.94
10.00
12.59
15.85
19.95
25.12
31.62
39.81
50.12
63.10
79.43
mW
100
126
159
200
251
316
398
501
631
794
1000
1259
1585
1995
2512
3162
3981
5012
6310
7943
W
10.00
12.59
15.85
19.95
25.12
31.62
39.81
50.12
63.10
79.43
100.00

Volts RMS
0.0022
0.0025
0.0028
0.0032
0.0035
0.0040
0.0045
0.0050
0.0056
0.0063
0.0071
0.0079
0.0089
0.0100
0.0112
0.0126
0.0141
0.0158
0.0178
0.0199
Volts RMS
0.022
0.025
0.028
0.032
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.056
0.063
0.071
0.079
0.089
0.100
0.112
0.126
0.141
0.158
0.178
0.199
Volts RMS
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.32
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.63
0.71
0.79
0.89
1.00
1.12
1.26
1.41
1.58
1.78
1.99
Volts RMS
2.24
2.51
2.82
3.16
3.54
3.98
4.46
5.01
5.62
6.30
7.07
7.93
8.90
9.99
11.21
12.57
14.11
15.83
17.76
19.93
Volts RMS
22.36
25.09
28.15
31.59
35.44
39.76
44.62
50.06
56.17
63.02
70.71

Volts Pk/Pk
0.0063
0.0071
0.0080
0.0089
0.0100
0.0112
0.0126
0.0142
0.0159
0.0178
0.0200
0.0224
0.0252
0.0283
0.0317
0.0356
0.0399
0.0448
0.0502
0.0564
Volts Pk/Pk
0.063
0.071
0.080
0.089
0.100
0.112
0.126
0.142
0.159
0.178
0.200
0.224
0.252
0.283
0.317
0.356
0.399
0.448
0.502
0.564
Volts Pk/Pk
0.63
0.71
0.80
0.89
1.00
1.12
1.26
1.42
1.59
1.78
2.00
2.24
2.52
2.83
3.17
3.56
3.99
4.48
5.02
5.64
Volts Pk/Pk
6.32
7.10
7.96
8.93
10.02
11.25
12.62
14.16
15.89
17.83
20.00
22.44
25.18
28.25
31.70
35.57
39.91
44.77
50.24
56.37
Volts Pk/Pk
63.25
70.96
79.62
89.34
100.24
112.47
126.19
141.59
158.87
178.25
200.00

dBV
-53.01
-52.01
-51.01
-50.01
-49.01
-48.01
-47.01
-46.01
-45.01
-44.01
-43.01
-42.01
-41.01
-40.01
-39.01
-38.01
-37.01
-36.01
-35.01
-34.01
dBV
-33.01
-32.01
-31.01
-30.01
-29.01
-28.01
-27.01
-26.01
-25.01
-24.01
-23.01
-22.01
-21.01
-20.01
-19.01
-18.01
-17.01
-16.01
-15.01
-14.01
dBV
-13.01
-12.01
-11.01
-10.01
-9.01
-8.01
-7.01
-6.01
-5.01
-4.01
-3.01
-2.01
-1.01
-0.01
0.99
1.99
2.99
3.99
4.99
5.99
dBV
6.99
7.99
8.99
9.99
10.99
11.99
12.99
13.99
14.99
15.99
16.99
17.99
18.99
19.99
20.99
21.99
22.99
23.99
24.99
25.99
dBV
26.99
27.99
28.99
29.99
30.99
31.99
32.99
33.99
34.99
35.99
36.99

dBuV
66.99
67.99
68.99
69.99
70.99
71.99
72.99
73.99
74.99
75.99
76.99
77.99
78.99
79.99
80.99
81.99
82.99
83.99
84.99
85.99
dBuV
86.99
87.99
88.99
89.99
90.99
91.99
92.99
93.99
94.99
95.99
96.99
97.99
98.99
99.99
100.99
101.99
102.99
103.99
104.99
105.99
dBuV
106.99
107.99
108.99
109.99
110.99
111.99
112.99
113.99
114.99
115.99
116.99
117.99
118.99
119.99
120.99
121.99
122.99
123.99
124.99
125.99
dBuV
126.99
127.99
128.99
129.99
130.99
131.99
132.99
133.99
134.99
135.99
136.99
137.99
138.99
139.99
140.99
141.99
142.99
143.99
144.99
145.99
dBuV
146.99
147.99
148.99
149.99
150.99
151.99
152.99
153.99
154.99
155.99
156.99

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discover... Reference Charts for RF & Wave Communications

Spectrum Analyser Conversion Factors
50 Ohms Input Impedance
TO
FROM

Power Ratio dBm - mW - w.

dBV

dBmV

dBm

-13

+47

+107

dBV

+13

+60

+120

dBmV

-47

-60

+60

-107

-120

-60

-10

+30

-20

+20

-30

+10

-40

75 Ohms Input Impedance

(watts vs. dBm)

0
1 mW

10 mW

100 mW

1W

10 W

1uW

10uW

100u W

1mW

100nW

dBm

dBV

dBmV

dBm

-11.25

+48.7

+108.7

dBV

+11.25

+60

+120

dBmV

1.0

dBm
+40

-48.75

-60

+60

-108.75

-120

-60

Carrier & Sideband Amplitude

dBm

TO
FROM

Frequency Modulation

Power Measurement

0.8

Carrier
1st Sideband
2nd 3rd

0.6
0.4

0
0.2

EC
%
modulation

3
4
5
6
Deviation Ratio

46

40

10

26

SWR

Refl.
Coeff.

Return
Loss
(dB)

20

20

30

16.5

17.391

0.8913

1.0580

0.0282

31

40

14

8.7242

0.7943

1.0515

0.0251

32

5.8480

0.7079

1.0458

0.0224

33
34

3.5698

0.5623

1.0362

0.0178

35

3.0095

0.5012

1.0322

0.0158

36

2.6146

0.4467

1.0287

0.0141

37

2.3229

0.3981

1.0255

0.0126

38

2.0999

0.3548

1.0227

0.0112

39

1.9250

0.3162

10

1.0202

0.0100

40

1.7849

0.2818

11

1.0180

0.0089

41

1.6709

0.2512

12

1.0160

0.0079

42

1.5769

0.2239

13

1.0143

0.0071

43

1.4985

0.1995

14

1.0127

0.0063

44

1.4326

0.1778

15

1.0113

0.0056

45

1.3767

0.1585

16

1.0101

0.0050

46

1.3290

0.1413

17

1.0090

0.0045

47

1.2880

0.1259

18

1.0080

0.0040

48

1.2528

0.1122

19

1.0071

0.0035

49

1.2222

0.1000

20

1.0063

0.0032

50

1.1957

0.0891

21

1.0057

0.0028

51

1.1726

0.0794

22

1.0050

0.0025

52

1.1524

0.0708

23

1.0045

0.0022

53

1.1347

0.0631

24

1.0040

0.0020

54

1.1192

0.0562

25

1.0036

0.0018

55

1.1055

0.0501

26

1.0032

0.0016

56

1.0935

0.0447

27

1.0028

0.0014

57

1.0829

0.0398

28

1.0025

0.0013

58

1.0736

0.0355

29

1.0022

0.0011

59

1.0653

0.0316

30

1.0020

0.0010

60

Carrier
EC

50

12

60

10.4

70

9.1

80

7.9

90

6.9

100

6.0

Sideband
level below
carrier (dB)

Linear Amplitude

0.0200

Modulating
Frequency
Upper
Sideband
EUSB

Lower
Sideband
ELSB

Frequency

%M = 2E*SB x 100

Bessel Functions
Carrier

0.1

Bessel NULL

63

20

20

30

6.3

40

2.0

50

0.63

60

0.2

70

0.063

80

0.02

M=

0.01
0

-10

-20

-30

Ec

-40

SB

-50

-60

-70

[dB]

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1st Sideband
Bessel NULL

t rep

1000
800
600

No. of Peaks/Di v

5.5201

1st

3rd

8.6531

2nd

7.02

4th

11.7915

3rd

10.17

5th

14.9309

4th

13.32

6th

18.0711

5th

16.47

7th

21.2116

6th

19.62

8th

24.3525

7th

22.76

9th

27.4935

8th

25.90

10th

30.6346

9th

29.05

Pulse Width

400

t pw =

200

Sidelobe Width

Ep
t

= PRF

Bandwidth (RBW) - kHz

Teff

100
80
60
40
20
10
8
6
4

T
p(t)= cosw ot

40
60
80
100

Pulse Width (tpw) - s

20

p(t) dt
Ep

6
8
10

2
o

of Retangular Pulse of same height and area as pulse applied to analyser =

4
6
8
1

= Width

Teff

t= o

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number

2.4048

Optimum RBW as a function of pulse width

1
t rep

F/f

1st

f = modulating frequency

Sweep t ime/ Div

M=

2nd

F = deviation

Pulse Modulation
rep =

F/f

Number

%
modulation

10

Modulating

1.0

Where M = modulation index

10

M [%]

Return
Loss
(dB)

1.0407

Sideband level
below carrier (dB)

Refl.
Coeff.

%M = (Emax - Emin) x 100

(Emax + Emin)

100

SWR

7th

0.4

Amplitude Modulation

SWR Reflection Coefficient Return Loss

0.6310

5th 6th

0.2

Carrier

4.4194

4th

3.83

Where M = modulation index

F = deviation
f = modulating frequency