Chapter 8

Photonic Networks

Contents
Basic Networks SONET/SDH Standards Broadcast & Select WDM Networks Wavelength-Routed Networks

Basic Networks
Stations or Data Equipment Terminal (DAT) Networks - Local Area Networks (LAN) - Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - Wide Area Network (WAN) Node Topology - Linear Bus - Ring - Star Switching Routing Protocol Router

3 Network Topologies
Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Star Topology

Passive Linear Bus Topology

Simplex linear bus with uniformly spaced stations

Liner bus versus star coupler

SONET/SDH

STS-1 SONET frame with 51.84 Mb/s

(90 bytes/row)(9 rows/frame)(8 bits/byte) (125 microsecond/frame)=51.84 Mb/s

STS-N SONET frame with 51.84N Mb/s N=1,3,12,24,48,192

SONET/SDH
SONET level OC-1 Electrical level STS-1 Line rate (Mb/s) 51.84 SDH equivalent -

OC-3
OC-12 OC-24 OC-48 OC-96 OC-12

STS-3
STS-12 STS-24 STS-48 STS-96 STS-192

155.52
622.08 1244.16 2488.32 4976.64 9953.28

STM-1
STM-4 STM-8 STM-16 STM-32 STM-64

Technical Information
For more information about SONET/SDH standards and their range, receiver sensitivity, optical wavelength for various data rate, look at: http://www.itu.int (International Communication Union) ITU-T Recommendations G.652, G.653, G.655, G.957, G.691, G.692 Tables 12-3, 12-4, 12-5 in the text book give you an idea about ITU recommendations for different photonic network configurations, standards, and interfaces.

SONET/SDH Ring 2-Fiber UPSR (Unidirectional Path Switched Ring)

Generic two-fiber unidirectional network with counter-rotating protection path. Flow of primary and protection traffic from node 1 to node 3.

SONET/SDH Networks

Add/Drop Multiplexer

WDM Network

Dense WDM deployment of n wavelengths in an OC-192 trunk ring

Broadcast & Select Networks

Star

Bus

Two physical architectures for a WDM LAN

Wavelength-Routed Networks
(Wavelength reuse, wavelength conversion & optical switching)

Optical Cross-Connects (OXC)